201
|
Drzewicz P, Drobniewska A, Sikorska K, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Analytical and ecotoxicological studies on degradation of fluoxetine and fluvoxamine by potassium ferrate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3265-3275. [PMID: 29756529 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1468488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of pharmaceuticals are flushed to environment via sewage system. The compounds are persistent in environment and are very difficult to remove in drinking water treatment processes. Degradation of fluoxetine (FLU) and fluvoxamine (FLX) by ferrate(VI) were investigated. For the 10 mg/L of FLU and FLX, 35% and 50% of the compounds were degraded in the presence of 50 mg/L FeO42- within 10 minutes, respectively. After 10 minutes of the reaction, degradation of FLU and FLX is affected by formation of by-products which were likely more reactive with ferrate and competed in the reaction with FeO42-. In the case of FLU, the identified degradation by-products were hydrofluoxetine, N-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-amine, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol and 1-{[(1R,S)-1-Phenyl-2-propen-1-yl]oxy}-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene. In the case of FLX, the degradation by-products were fluvoxamine acid and 5-methoxy-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pent-2-en-1-imine. The results of the ecotoxicological study based on protozoa Spirostomum ambiguum have shown that 50 mg/L FeO42- reduced toxicity of 10 mg/L of FLU and FLX by around 50%. However, in the case of FLX, the results of the ecotoxicological study suggested formation of slightly more toxic compound(s) than FLX during reaction with FeO42-. Application of ferrate(VI) is a viable option for drinking water treatment process; however, caution is needed due to formation of by-products with unknown human health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Drzewicz
- Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Agata Drobniewska
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sikorska
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warszawa , Poland
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warszawa , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw , Warszawa , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Song J, Jin X, Wang XC, Jin P. Preferential binding properties of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups with aluminium salts for humic acid removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:478-487. [PMID: 31229708 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To systematically elucidate the removal characteristics of humic acid (HA), which are highly dependent on the molecular structure of HA, a series of representative HA model compounds containing different numbers and positions of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups were selected, and the chemical reaction behaviour between HA and aluminium coagulants was investigated. The results indicated that the number of carboxyl groups in the benzene ring and binding environment had great effects on the Al-binding properties of HA molecules. Under weakly acidic conditions, coordination occurred between carboxyl and Al ions, and the complexing capacity was restricted by the substituted position of hydroxyl groups. Under neutral conditions or at higher coagulant dosages, sweep coagulation occurred by surface complexation of aluminium hydroxide by carboxyl groups and hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group and aluminium hydroxide; this process was dependent on the substitutive pattern of the functional groups. Moreover, increased aliphatic chain length and benzene ring size could enhance hydrophobicity, and hence resulted in higher coagulation efficiency. This study provided new insight into the mechanism of the interaction between HA and aluminium coagulants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Song
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei Province, 056038, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Wu S, Zhu Y, Zhu W, Shu S, Cui Y. A study on the differences in the flocculation of dredged slurries and the influencing mechanisms. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:1751-1762. [PMID: 32039907 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the water treatment process of natural water bodies, a large amount of dredged slurry with high water content is generated and required for treatment. The coagulation-flocculation method can improve the efficiency of separation, and a suitable scheme is of great significance. It is unclear whether there is a significant difference in flocculation and separation of dredged slurries from different sources and which constituents dominate this process. Facing these problems, the tests were conducted for dredged sediments from 10 different sources, including rivers, lake, and ocean. Under the same flocculation conditions, the difference in the increment of particle size d10, the specific resistance of filtration, and the suspended solids (SS) of the supernatant after sedimentation are 0-4.6 times, 0-2.4 orders of magnitude, and 0-4 orders of magnitude, respectively. It was found that the main constituents in the dredged slurries, such as clay minerals, fulvic acid and humic acid, impact on flocculation and separation effects by affecting the zeta potential of the particles. However, there is no single constituent in the dredged slurry which dominates the flocculation and separation effect. When these constituents are incorporated, the zeta potential exhibited in the slurry determines the difference in flocculation and separation effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Rd, Gulou, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Rd, Gulou, Nanjing 210098, China; Geotechnical Engineering Centre, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Rd, Gulou, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Shi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Rd, Gulou, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Rd, Gulou, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Xing J, Liang H, Cheng X, Yang H, Xu D, Gan Z, Luo X, Zhu X, Li G. Combined effects of coagulation and adsorption on ultrafiltration membrane fouling control and subsequent disinfection in drinking water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33770-33780. [PMID: 29860690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of coagulation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling control and subsequent disinfection efficiency through filtration performance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, and disinfectant curve. The fouling behavior of UF membrane was comprehensively analyzed especially in terms of pollutant removal and fouling reversibility to understand the mechanism of fouling accumulation and disinfectant dose reduction. Pre-coagulation with or without adsorption both achieved remarkable effect of fouling mitigation and disinfection dose reduction. The two pretreatments were effective in total fouling control and pre-coagulation combined with PAC adsorption even decreased hydraulically irreversible fouling notably. Besides, pre-coagulation decreased residual disinfectant decline due to the removal of hydrophobic components of natural organic matters (NOM). Pre-coagulation combined with adsorption had a synergistic effect on further disinfectant decline rate reduction and decreased total disinfectant consumption due to additional removal of hydrophilic NOM by PAC adsorption. The disinfectant demand was further reduced after membrane. These results show that membrane fouling and disinfectant dose can be reduced in UF coupled with pretreatment, which could lead to the avoidance of excessive operation cost disinfectant dose for drinking water supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Cheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Li R, Lou Y, Xu Y, Ma G, Liao BQ, Shen L, Lin H. Effects of surface morphology on alginate adhesion: Molecular insights into membrane fouling based on XDLVO and DFT analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:373-380. [PMID: 31176900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While surface morphology is the key parameter affecting membrane performance, its exact roles on membrane fouling have not well unveiled. In this study, effects of membrane surface roughness on fouling caused by alginate adhesion were investigated by thermodynamic techniques of the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) approach and density functional theory (DFT). The energy of a single typical alginate chain adhering to rough membrane surface was figured out to be 0.5-3.0 kJ/mol for the first time. Whereas, the related bending energy at typical bending angle was calculated to be over 13.0 kJ/mol based on DFT calculations. The big energy gap suggested that the alginate chain in solution would not change its configuration to fit membrane surface morphology, and tended to directly adhere to membrane surface. The thermodynamic analyses predicted that the direct adhesion pathway was favorable in energy when an alginate chain approaching to rough membrane surface. As a result, as compared to the smooth membrane, rough membrane corresponds to less alginate adhesion and adhesive fouling. Combination of XDLVO and DFT techniques provided not only molecular insights into membrane fouling, but also a new way for fouling research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yang Lou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Guangcai Ma
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Bao-Qiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Shu X, Lu S, Xie X, Shi Q. Complexation and conformation of lead ion with poly-γ-glutamic acid in soluble state. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218742. [PMID: 31518361 PMCID: PMC6743753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexation of microbial polymer in soluble state could impact the solubility, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals in the environment. The complexation of a bacterial exopolymer, poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), with Pb2+ was studied using the polarographic method and circular dichroism measurement in soluble state. The number of available binding sites was determined based on the Chau’s method and was found to be 0.04, 1.12, 3.56 and 4.51 mmol/(g dry weight of γ-PGA) at pH 3.4, 4.2, 5.0 and 6.2, respectively. Further, the number of binding sites was determined based on the Ruzic’s method and was found to be 3.60 and 4.41 mmol/(g dry weight of γ-PGA) for pH 5.0 and 6.2, respectively. The constant (expressed as log K) values were 5.8 and 6.0 at pH 5.0 and 6.2. Compared to biopolymers secreted by other microorganisms, such as extracellular polymeric substances extraction from activated sludge, γ-PGA was a more efficient Pb2+ carrier from pH 5.0 to 6.2. The secondary structure of γ-PGA varied significantly when Pb2+ added. Ca2+ or Mg2+ replace a portion of the adsorbed Pb2+. However, the portion of Pb2+ involved in changing the γ-PGA conformation was not easily replaced by Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiulin Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QSS); (XBX)
| | - Qingshan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (QSS); (XBX)
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Adusei-Gyamfi J, Ouddane B, Rietveld L, Cornard JP, Criquet J. Natural organic matter-cations complexation and its impact on water treatment: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:130-147. [PMID: 31136847 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quality and quantity of natural organic matter (NOM) has been observed to evolve which poses challenges to water treatment facilities. Even though NOM may not be toxic itself, its presence in water has aesthetic effects, enhances biological growth in distribution networks, binds with pollutants and controls the bioavailability of trace metals. Even though NOM has heterogeneous functional groups, the predominant ones are the carboxyl and the phenolic groups, which have high affinities for metals depending on the pH. The properties of both the NOM and the trace elements influence the binding kinetics and preferences. Ca2+ prefers to bind with the carboxylic groups especially at a low pH while Zn2+ prefers the amine groups though practically, most cations bind to several functions groups. The nature of the chemical environment (neighboring ligands) the ligand finds itself equally influences its preference for a cation. The presence of NOM, cations or a complex of NOM-cations may have significant impact on the efficiency of water processes such as coagulation, adsorption, ion exchange resin and membrane filtration. In coagulation, the complexation between the coagulant salts and NOM helps to remove NOM from solution. This positive influence can further be enhanced by the addition of Ca2+. A negative influence is however, observed in lime-softening method as NOM complexes with Ca2+. A negative influence is also seen in membrane filtration where divalent cations partially neutralize the carboxyl functional groups of NOM thereby reducing the repulsion effect on NOM and increasing membrane fouling. The formation of disinfection by-products could either be increased or reduced during chlorination, the speciation of products formed is modified with generally the enhancement of haloacetic acid formation observed in presence of metal cations. This current work, presents in details the interactions of cations and NOM in the environment, the preference of cations for each functional group and the possible competition between cations for binding sites, as well as the possible impacts of the presence of cations, NOM, or their complex on water treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junias Adusei-Gyamfi
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France; Delft University of Technology - Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences - Department of Water Management, the Netherlands
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Luuk Rietveld
- Delft University of Technology - Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences - Department of Water Management, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Cornard
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Justine Criquet
- Univ. Lille CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIR, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, F-59000, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Charging, aggregation, and aggregate strength of humic substances in the presence of cationic surfactants: Effects of humic substances hydrophobicity and surfactant tail length. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
209
|
Ly QV, Hu Y, Li J, Cho J, Hur J. Characteristics and influencing factors of organic fouling in forward osmosis operation for wastewater applications: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:164-184. [PMID: 31128437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater reuse is considered one of the most promising practices for the achievement of sustainable water management on a global scale. In the context of the safe reuse of water, membrane filtration is a competitive technique due to its superior efficiency in several processes. However, membrane fouling by organics is an inevitable challenge that is encountered during the practical application of membrane processes. The resolution of the membrane fouling challenge requires an in-depth understanding of many complex interactions between organic foulants and the membrane. In the last few decades, the forward osmosis (FO) membrane process, which exploits osmosis as a driving force, has emerged as an effective technology for water production with low energy consumption, thus leveraging the water-energy nexus. However, their successful application is severely hampered by membrane fouling, which is caused by such complex fouling mechanisms as cake enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP), reverse salt diffusion (RSD), internal, and external concentration polarization as well as by the traditional fouling processes encompassing colloids, microbial (biofouling), inorganic, and organic fouling. Of these fouling types, the fouling potential of organic matter in FO has not been given sufficient attention, in particular, when FO is applied to wastewater treatment. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of FO membrane fouling for wastewater applications with a special focus on the identification of the major factors that lead to the unique properties of organic fouling in this filtration process. Based on the critical assessment of organic fouling formation and the governing mechanisms, proposals were advanced for future research aimed at the mitigation of FO membrane fouling to enhance process efficiency in wastewater applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Xiong X, Xu H, Zhang B, Wu X, Sun H, Wang D, Wang Z. Floc structure and membrane fouling affected by sodium alginate interaction with Al species as model organic pollutants. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:1-13. [PMID: 31133254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration combined with pre-coagulation has advantages in advanced wastewater treatment. As a model of a microbial polysaccharide, research on the effect of sodium alginate (SA) on alum hydrolysis has been rare; therefore, it is necessary to gain insight into the interface interaction between SA molecules and Al species, and the role SA plays during floc formation. In this study, the interaction mechanism between SA and Al species has been investigated, by evaluating the effect of SA on floc characteristics and membrane fouling during coagulation-ultrafiltration with different Al species coagulants (AlCl3 and preformed Al13). Al 2p X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the complexation of ligands and Al species strongly affects the reaction pathways for Al hydrolysis and the final nature of the flocs, as Al13 can be decomposed into octahedral precipitates when SA is added. The presence of SA can affect floc properties, which have important impacts on the characteristics of the cake layer and membrane fouling. Due to the bridging ability of SA, the floc strength increased by about 50% using Ala, which was much better than preformed Al13, with a percentage increase of only about 6%. Moreover, the recovery factor of HA-flocs was decreased from 96% to 43% with SA addition of 0.5 mg/L. It was concluded that SA can affect the characteristics of the cake layer and membrane fouling through participating in the formation of primary flocs and altering the Al hydrolysis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18, Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18, Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Beiping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18, Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18, Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhengyang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Tiwari B, Sellamuthu B, Piché-Choquette S, Drogui P, Tyagi RD, Vaudreuil MA, Sauvé S, Buelna G, Dubé R. The bacterial community structure of submerged membrane bioreactor treating synthetic hospital wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 286:121362. [PMID: 31054410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceuticals are biologically active compounds used to prevent and treat diseases. These pharmaceutical compounds were not fully metabolized by the human body and thus excreted out in the wastewater stream. Thus, the study on the treatment of synthetic hospital wastewater containing pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, carbamazepine, estradiol and venlafaxine) was conducted to understand the variation of the bacterial community in a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) at varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6, 12 and 18 h. The variation in bacterial community dynamics of SMBR was studied using high throughput sequencing. The removal of pharmaceuticals was uniform at varying HRT. The removal of both ibuprofen and estradiol was accounted for 90%, whereas a lower removal of venlafaxine (<10%) and carbamazepine (>5%) in SMBR was observed. The addition of pharmaceuticals alters the bacterial community structure and result in increased abundance of bacteria (e.g., Flavobacterium, Pedobacter, and Methylibium) reported to degrade toxic pollutant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Balasubramanian Sellamuthu
- Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, H2X 0A9 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement, G1K9A9 Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Buelna
- Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - R Dubé
- Centre de Recherche Industrielle du Québec (CRIQ), Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Rainwater as a Source of Drinking Water: Health Impacts and Rainwater Treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 2019:1760950. [PMID: 31379953 PMCID: PMC6657612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1760950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rainwater is the main source of drinking water in tropical communities, especially in West Kalimantan. Air contamination causes rainwater to become acidic and cloudy and adds heavy metals such as Pb into rainwater. In addition to pollution, the way in which the rainwater is collected such as through zinc roofing also exposes the rainwater to heavy metals. The presence of Pb in rainwater will have an impact on the health of the community in the long run. The model of simple water treatment using filtration is needed to overcome this problem with the use of media available in the region. The media used are in the form of mollusk sand and activated carbon. In the end, the mollusk sand filtration model and activated carbon sorption were effectively used to filter polluted rainwater to be safe for consumption.
Collapse
|
213
|
Sahu JN, Karri RR, Zabed HM, Shams S, Qi X. Current Perspectives and Future Prospects of Nano-Biotechnology in Wastewater Treatment. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1630430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Sahu
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- , South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Hossain M. Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shahriar Shams
- Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, Brunei, Darussalam
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
|
215
|
Removal of natural organic matter for wetland saline water desalination by coagulation-pervaporation. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2019. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.22.3.85-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high number of natural organic matter contain in wetland water may cause its water has brown color and not consumable. In other hand, intrusion of sea water through wetland aquifer create water become saline, notably on hot season. Coagulation is effective method to applied for removing of natural organic matter. However, it could not be used for salinity removal. Hence combination of coagulation and pervaporation process is attractive method to removing both of natural organic matter and conductivity of wetland saline water. The objective of this works is to investigate optimum coagulant doses for removing organic matter by coagulation process as pretreatment and to analysis performance of coagulation-pervaporation silica-pectin membrane for removing of organic matter and conductivity of wetland saline water. Coagulation process in this work carried out under varied aluminum sulfate dose 10-60 mg.L-1. Silica-pectin membrane was used for pervaporation process at feed temperature ~25 °C (room temperature). Optimum condition of pretreatment coagulation set as alum dose at 30 mg.L-1 with maximum removal efficiency 81,8 % (UV254) and 40 % (conductivity). In other hand, combining of coagulation-pervaporation silica-pectin membrane shows both of UV254 and salt rejection extremely good instead without pretreatment coagulation of 86,8 % and 99,9 % for UV254 and salt rejection respectively. Moreover, water flux of silica-pectin membrane pervaporation with coagulation pretreatment shown higher 17,7 % over water flux of wetland saline water without pretreatment coagulation. Combining of coagulation and pervaporation silica-pectin membrane is effective to removing both of organic matter and salinity of wetland saline water at room temperature.
Collapse
|
216
|
Léziart T, Dutheil de la Rochere PM, Cheswick R, Jarvis P, Nocker A. Effect of turbidity on water disinfection by chlorination with the emphasis on humic acids and chalk. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1734-1743. [PMID: 30777799 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1585480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine is globally the most widely used chemical for water disinfection. Whereas disinfection efficiency is well known to depend on water pH and temperature, the effect of turbidity is less well studied. Although turbidity is measured online in most drinking water works and most countries where regulations exist have set limits of <1 NTU for water leaving the works, the composition of turbidity is typically unknown. Given the heterogeneous nature of substances contributing to turbidity, the aim of this work was to study the effect of selected compounds on chlorination efficacy. The effect of humic acids and chalk on the inactivation of the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis was assessed at neutral pH at different turbidity levels using both plate counting and flow cytometry in combination with membrane integrity staining. For humic acids, a turbidity of 1 NTU (corresponding to 2 mg L-1) was identified as a critical threshold, which when exceeded was found to have a negative impact on chlorine disinfection. Chalk, on the other hand, had no measurable impact up to 5 NTU. The observation applied to both bacterial species with identical conclusions from the two diagnostic methods. Results corroborate that different turbidity causing substances affect chlorination efficiency to very different extents with chlorine demand by organic material probably being the most important determinant. In the case of turbidities >1 NTU, turbidity measurement benefits from the consideration of the organic content as mere NTU values do not allow predicting an impact on chlorination efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Léziart
- a Cranfield Water Science Institute , Cranfield University , Cranfield , UK
| | | | - Ryan Cheswick
- a Cranfield Water Science Institute , Cranfield University , Cranfield , UK
| | - Peter Jarvis
- a Cranfield Water Science Institute , Cranfield University , Cranfield , UK
| | - Andreas Nocker
- a Cranfield Water Science Institute , Cranfield University , Cranfield , UK
- b IWW Water Centre , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Naceradska J, Novotna K, Cermakova L, Cajthaml T, Pivokonsky M. Investigating the coagulation of non-proteinaceous algal organic matter: Optimizing coagulation performance and identification of removal mechanisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 79:25-34. [PMID: 30784448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The removal of algal organic matter (AOM) is a growing concern for the water treatment industry worldwide. The current study investigates coagulation of non-proteinaceous AOM (AOM after protein separation), which has been minimally explored compared with proteinaceous fractions. Jar tests with either aluminum sulphate (alum) or polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were performed at doses of 0.2-3.0 mg Al per 1 mg of dissolved organic carbon in the pH range 3.0-10.5. Additionally, non-proteinaceous matter was characterized in terms of charge, molecular weight and carbohydrate content to assess the treatability of its different fractions. Results showed that only up to 25% of non-proteinaceous AOM can be removed by coagulation under optimized conditions. The optimal coagulation pH (6.6-8.0 for alum and 7.5-9.0 for PACl) and low surface charge of the removed fraction indicated that the prevailing coagulation mechanism was adsorption of non-proteinaceous matter onto aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The lowest residual Al concentrations were achieved in very narrow pH ranges, especially in the case of PACl. High-molecular weight saccharide-like organics were amenable to coagulation compared to low-molecular weight (<3 kDa) substances. Their high content in non-proteinaceous matter (about 67%) was the reason for its low removal. Comparison with our previous studies implies that proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous matter is coagulated under different conditions due to the employment of diverse coagulation mechanisms. The study suggests that further research should focus on the removal of low-molecular weight AOM, reluctant to coagulate, with other treatment processes to minimize its detrimental effect on water safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Naceradska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novotna
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cermakova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Sun Y, Shah KJ, Sun W, Zheng H. Performance evaluation of chitosan-based flocculants with good pH resistance and high heavy metals removal capacity. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
219
|
Ndiweni SN, Chys M, Chaukura N, Van Hulle SWH, Nkambule TTI. Assessing the impact of environmental activities on natural organic matter in South Africa and Belgium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1756-1768. [PMID: 30702027 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1575920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence and persistence of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) requires a robust and rapid monitoring method. Measurement and monitoring of NOM fractions using current technology is time-consuming and expensive. This study uses fluorescence measurements in combination with Parallel Factor (ParaFac) analysis to characterize NOM fractions. This was achieved through: (1) determining the origin and composition of NOM fractions using fluorescence index (FI), humification index, biological index, and freshness index, and (2) using multivariate analysis to reveal key parameters and hidden NOM fraction characteristics influenced by seasonal changes and environmental activities. The ParaFac model revealed that the NOM fractions for Belgium plants are mainly hydrophobic acids, aromatic proteins, biological activity, humic acid-like, and fulvic acid-like moieties. The NOM fractions in South African plants were mainly aromatic protein, humic acid-like, fulvic acid-like, tryptophan-like, and protein-like moieties. For Belgium plants in spring FI >1.7, indicating high microbial sources, whereas FI < 1.3 for South African plants, signifying terrestrial sources of NOM. On the one hand, the first principal component (PC1) interpreted 33.02% of the total variance, and is a measure of fluorescent NOM relative concentration. On the other hand, the PC2 interpreted 21.47% and contains most of the information on humification, freshness, and biological indicators, while PC3 interpreted 17.74% and contains information on the origin and variation in environmental conditions. These results will assist in developing a method for online monitoring of NOM fractions in water sources based on environment activities and spectral measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikelelwa N Ndiweni
- a Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Michael Chys
- b LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- a Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- b LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Thabo T I Nkambule
- a Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa , Johannesburg , South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Ballesteros-Gómez A, Caballero-Casero N, García-Fonseca S, Lunar L, Rubio S. Multifunctional vesicular coacervates as engineered supramolecular solvents for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:569-576. [PMID: 30797166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, multifunctional supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) able to simultaneously extract ionic, polar and hydrophobic organic compounds from wastewater have been developed. SUPRASs were synthesized in aqueous solutions containing mixtures of carboxylic acids and carboxylates that underwent spontaneous self-assembly and coacervation under the addition of tetraalkylammonium ions. These SUPRAS consisted of coacervate droplets made up of large unilamellar vesicular aggregates bridged by tetraalkylammonium ions. Both, the high kinetic stability of vesicles and their strong interaction with tetraalkylammonium ions through different bonds working cooperatively, made supramolecular nanostructures in the SUPRAS chemically stable, which minimized the presence of solvent residues in the treated water. The suitability of the synthesized SUPRASs to behave as multifunctional extractants in water treatment was investigated by their application to the removal of anionic, cationic and ionizable dyes and PAHs. All the variables affecting the extraction process were optimized (i.e. chain length of the tetraalkylammonium ion, fractional SUPRAS phase volume, pH, ionic strength, pollutant concentration and stirring time/rate). All the pollutants selected were efficiently removed at room temperature and a fractional SUPRAS phase volume of 0.01. Applicability of the SUPRAS-based treatment to the efficient removal of dyes in textile effluents and benzo(a)pyrene in tap water was proved. Overall, the low cost, easy synthesis and high removal efficiency of these engineered SUPRASs make them highly promising for application in comprehensive wastewater treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ballesteros-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Noelia Caballero-Casero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Sergio García-Fonseca
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Loreto Lunar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, Campus of Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Zhou X, Zheng L, Chen S, Du H, Gakoko Raphael BM, Song Q, Wu F, Chen J, Lin H, Hong H. Factors influencing DBPs occurrence in tap water of Jinhua Region in Zhejiang Province, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:813-822. [PMID: 30660975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and identify the related influencing factors in drinking water is essentially important to control DBPs risk. In this study, 64 tap water samples were collected from 8 counties (or county level cities) in Jinhua Region of Zhejiang Province, China. Results showed that the median (range) of trihalomethane (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones (HKs) and halonitromethanes (HNMs) were 23.2 (9.1-40.9), 15.3 (5.8-38.6), 2.2 (0.7-7.6), 2.1 (0.2-6.4) and 0.7 (0.2-2.9) µg/L, respectively. HAAs, HANs, HKs and HNMs levels were generally higher in summer than in winter or spring, while for THMs in most counties, higher levels occurred in winter than in summer or spring. Spatially, Yongkang, Yiwu and Dongyang had higher DBPs levels than Pujiang, Pan'an, Lanxi, Wuyi and Jinhua, which was generally consistent with their economy development (GDP). Correlation analysis showed that DBPs occurrence in tap water was significantly related with physicochemical parameters. Principle component analysis further suggested that organic matter (DOC and UVA254) are the major factors influencing the occurrence of THMs, HAAs, HANs and HKs in tap water, while for HNMs, both the organic (DOC and UVA254) and inorganic factors (e.g. Temp, NO2--N, pH, Br- and NH4+-N) played important role in its formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Lili Zheng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Shiyan Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongwei Du
- Jinhua Municipal Center Hospital, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | | | - Qianyun Song
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Fuyong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Interaction of Arsenic Species with Organic Ligands: Competitive Removal from Water by Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation (C/F/S). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081619. [PMID: 31022881 PMCID: PMC6515111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of arsenic (As) and organic ligands in water bodies has raised environmental concerns due to their toxicity and adverse effects on human health. The present study aims to elucidate the influences of hydrophobic/hydrophilic organic ligands, such as humic acid (HA) and salicylic acid (SA), on the interactive behavior of As species in water. Moreover, the competitive removal behaviors of As(III, V) species and total organic carbon (TOC) were systematically investigated by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (C/F/S) under various aqueous matrices. The results showed the stronger binding affinity of As(V) than As(III) species, with a higher complexation ability of hydrophobic ligands than hydrophilic. The media containing hydrophilic ligands require smaller ferric chloride (FC) doses to achieve the higher As(III, V) removal, while the optimum FC dose required for As(III) removal was found to be higher than that for As(V). Moreover, hydrophobic ligands showed higher TOC removal than hydrophilic ligands. The pronounced adverse effect of a higher concentration of hydrophobic ligands on the removal efficiencies of As(V) and TOC was observed. The adsorption of As(V) on Fe precipitates was better fitted with the Langmuir model but the Freundlich isotherm was more suitable for As(III) in the presence of hydrophilic SA. Moreover, TOC removal was substantially decreased in the As(V) system as compared to the As(III) system due to the dissolution of Fe precipitates at higher As(V) concentrations. The results of FC composite flocs demonstrated that the combined effect of oxidation, charge neutralization and adsorption played an important role in the removal of both toxicants during the C/F/S process. In summary, the findings of the present study provide insights into the fate, mobility and competitive removal behavior of As(III, V) species and organic ligands in the water treatment process.
Collapse
|
223
|
Younes AA, El-Maghrabi HH. Removal of lead ions from wastewater using novel Schiff-base functionalized solid-phase adsorbent. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1604758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Younes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H. El-Maghrabi
- Petroleum Refining Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Lee YK, Lee MH, Hur J. A new molecular weight (MW) descriptor of dissolved organic matter to represent the MW-dependent distribution of aromatic condensation: Insights from biodegradation and pyrene binding experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:169-176. [PMID: 30640085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we utilized a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) system that was equipped with a fluorescence emission scanning mode to explore the heterogeneous distribution of the humification index (HIX) values within bulk dissolved organic matter (DOM). The HIX-based SEC chromatograms showed that the molecular weight (MW)-dependent distribution of aromatic condensation was heavily affected by the DOM sources and the progress of biodegradation. The HIX heterogeneity across different MW was more pronounced for terrestrial versus aquatic DOM sources. Microbial incubation of leaf litter DOM led to the initial enhancement of the HIX at a relatively low MW, followed by a gradual increase at larger MW values. The dynamic changes of the HIX can be attributed to (1) the preferential removal of non-aromatic or less-aromatic molecules by microorganisms, (2) the production of microbial metabolites, (3) microbial humification, and (4) self-assemblage of humic-like molecules. From the SEC chromatograms, the HIX-based average molecular weight (or MWHIX) was proposed as a unifying surrogate to represent an MW that was highly associated with aromatic condensation. The MWHIX discriminated four different DOM sources and described well the biodegradation-induced changes. The MWHIX also presented a good positive correlation with pyrene organic carbon-normalized binding coefficients (Koc). The prediction capability of the MWHIX for pyrene Koc was higher than those based on the single descriptors of bulk DOM, such as HIX and MW, which revealed its superior linkage with the DOM reactivity related to both MW and HIX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Hussain S, Awad J, Sarkar B, Chow CW, Duan J, van Leeuwen J. Coagulation of dissolved organic matter in surface water by novel titanium (III) chloride: Mechanistic surface chemical and spectroscopic characterisation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
226
|
Ma B, Xue W, Ding Y, Hu C, Liu H, Qu J. Removal characteristics of microplastics by Fe-based coagulants during drinking water treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 78:267-275. [PMID: 30665645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have caused great concern worldwide recently due to their ubiquitous presence within the marine environment. Up to now, most attention has been paid to their sources, distributions, measurement methods, and especially their eco-toxicological effects. With microplastics being increasingly detected in freshwater, it is urgently necessary to evaluate their behaviors during coagulation and ultrafiltration (UF) processes. Herein, the removal behavior of polyethylene (PE), which is easily suspended in water and is the main component of microplastics, was investigated with commonly used Fe-based salts. Results showed that although higher removal efficiency was induced for smaller PE particles, low PE removal efficiency (below 15%) was observed using the traditional coagulation process, and was little influenced by water characteristics. In comparison to solution pH, PAM addition played a more important role in increasing the removal efficiency, especially anionic PAM at high dosage (with efficiency up to 90.9%). The main reason was ascribed to the dense floc formation and high adsorption ability because of the positively charged Fe-based flocs under neutral conditions. For ultrafiltration, although PE particles could be completely rejected, slight membrane fouling was caused owing to their large particle size. The membrane flux decreased after coagulation; however, the membrane fouling was less severe than that induced by flocs alone due to the heterogeneous nature of the cake layer caused by PE, even at high dosages of Fe-based salts. Based on the behavior exhibited during coagulation and ultrafiltration, we believe these findings will have potential application in drinking water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baiwen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Center for Water Quality and Ecology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Inam MA, Khan R, Park DR, Khan S, Uddin A, Yeom IT. Complexation of Antimony with Natural Organic Matter: Performance Evaluation during Coagulation-Flocculation Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071092. [PMID: 30934698 PMCID: PMC6480550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water sources can stabilize toxic antimony (Sb) species, thus enhancing their mobility and causing adverse effects on human health. Therefore, the present study aims to quantitatively explore the complexation of hydrophobic/hydrophilic NOM, i.e., humic acid (HA), salicylic acid (SA), and L-cysteine (L-cys), with Sb in water. In addition, the removal of Sb(III, V) species and total organic carbon (TOC) was evaluated with ferric chloride (FC) as a coagulant. The results showed a stronger binding affinity of hydrophobic HA as compared to hydrophilic NOM. The optimum FC dose required for Sb(V) removal was found to be higher than that for Sb(III), due to the higher complexation ability of hydrophobic NOM with antimonate than antimonite. TOC removal was found to be higher in hydrophobic ligands than hydrophilic ligands. The high concentration of hydrophobic molecules significantly suppresses the Sb adsorption onto Fe precipitates. An isotherm study suggested a stronger adsorption capacity for the hydrophobic ligand than the hydrophilic ligand. The binding of Sb to NOM in the presence of active Fe sites was significantly reduced, likely due to the adsorption of contaminants onto precipitated Fe. The results of flocs characteristics revealed that mechanisms such as oxidation, complexation, charge neutralization, and adsorption may be involved in the removal of Sb species from water. This study may provide new insights into the complexation behavior of Sb in NOM-laden water as well as the optimization of the coagulant dose during the water treatment process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Inam
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Rizwan Khan
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Du Ri Park
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sarfaraz Khan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - Ahmed Uddin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Province for Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Sciences and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Ick Tae Yeom
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Wang X, Gan Y, Zhang S. Improved resistance to organic matter load by compositing a cationic flocculant into the titanium xerogel coagulant. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
229
|
Wan Y, Huang X, Shi B, Shi J, Hao H. Reduction of organic matter and disinfection byproducts formation potential by titanium, aluminum and ferric salts coagulation for micro-polluted source water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:28-35. [PMID: 30528970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Typical Chinese source water has high content of low molecular weight and aromatic protein-like organic matter which is difficult to remove and poses a great challenge to conventional coagulation/flocculation. To investigate coagulation performance of this typical water, this research focused on organic matter removal characteristics and the associated disinfection byproducts formation potentials (DBPFPs) during the coagulation process by titanium salts compared with traditional aluminum and ferric salts. Results showed that based on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal, the optimal coagulant dosages of AlCl3, FeCl3 and TiCl4 were 0.5 mM and the optimal initial pH values were 8, indicating that the DOM in the typical Chinese water could be effectively removed through sweeping and adsorption by metal hydroxides rather than the complexation and charge neutralization effect under acidic conditions. Compared these three coagulants, the highest ultra violet absorbance at 254 nm removal rate of 72.9% was achieved by TiCl4. The three-dimensional excitation emission matrix results showed that the removal ability of humic acids by AlCl3 was poorer than FeCl3 and TiCl4. The removal rate of low molecular weight components (1600 Da) by TiCl4 was 20% higher than using AlCl3 and 14% higher than FeCl3. Comparing with AlCl3 and FeCl3, TiCl4 had a better performance on the control of DBPFPs, especially for chloroform and dichloroacetic acid, due to its higher removal ability of aromatic organics. The trihalomethane formation potentials removal rate by TiCl4 was three times higher than that by AlCl3 and twice by FeCl3, by which could be inferred that titanium salts achieved better removal of low molecular weight organic matter than aluminum and ferric salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- School of Textiles, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China; Analysis & Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Haotian Hao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 18, Shuangqing Rd, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Petrella A, Spasiano D, Rizzi V, Cosma P, Race M, De Vietro N. Thermodynamic and kinetic investigation of heavy metals sorption in packed bed columns by recycled lignocellulosic materials from olive oil production. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1574768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Race
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica, Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta De Vietro
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia (Nanotec), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Williams CJ, Conrad D, Kothawala DN, Baulch HM. Selective removal of dissolved organic matter affects the production and speciation of disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:75-84. [PMID: 30359804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural and human impacted waters and the variety of drinking water treatment processes employed has made a mechanistic understanding of disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation challenging. In this study, we examined the formation of the regulated DBPs (Trichloromethanes, THM, and Haloacetic acids, HAA) during full-scale water treatment operations both with prechlorination treatment (normal operations for the drinking water plant) and without (altered operations); followed by coagulation, flocculation, filtration, and chlorination. The source water DOM concentration ranged 6.4 to 7.3 mg-C/L. DOM composition was moderately humic and degraded with a mix of microbial- and terrestrial-like characteristics. Removal of raw water prechlorination caused an average reduction in total THM and HAA concentrations of 52.7% and 40.0%, respectively, with the greater reduction noted for chlorinated-DBPs rather than brominated-DBPs. Prechlorination treatment resulted in a higher relative production of Cl3CH and BrCl2CH associated with aromatic, humic, and terrestrial-like DOM. Without prechlorination, the DBP pool had higher proportions of brominated-DBPs (Br3CH, Br2ClCH, Br2CHCOOH, BrClCHCOOH, and BrCH2COOH) associated with microbial-like, processed humic-like, and protein-like DOM. These observed patterns could not be explained by chloride demand and DOM concentration, indicating that DOM composition played an important role in DBP formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton J Williams
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Dan Conrad
- Buffalo Pound Water Treatment Plant, P.O. Box 1790, Regina, SK S4P 3C8, Canada
| | - Dolly N Kothawala
- Department of Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helen M Baulch
- School of Environment and Sustainability, Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Petrella A, Spasiano D, Cosma P, Rizzi V, Race M. Evaluation of the hydraulic and hydrodynamic parameters influencing photo-catalytic degradation of bio-persistent pollutants in a pilot plant. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1555534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari,Bari, Italy
| | - Danilo Spasiano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Edile, del Territorio e di Chimica, Politecnico di Bari,Bari, Italy
| | - Pinalysa Cosma
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro,” Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Race
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Meccanica Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Zhao T, Liu F, Zhang C, Chen X. Anions influence the extraction of rutile nanoparticles from synthetic and lake water. RSC Adv 2019; 9:16767-16773. [PMID: 35516411 PMCID: PMC9064405 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02419k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their recent widespread use, nanoparticles (NPs) may contaminate water sources and pose a health risk. Thus, it is important to understand the fate of NPs in order to evaluate potential threats. Here we show that the presence of anions influences the stability of NPs in synthetic and lake water. Concentrations of 0.3 and 3 mM PO43− exhibited stronger stabilizing effects on NPs than 30 mM. Moreover, chloride ions promoted the coagulation of TiO2 NPs over a range of concentrations (0.3–30 mM elicited similar effects). On the other hand, phosphate was found to hinder the coagulation effect. These results are expected to contribute to novel water purification strategies for the efficient removal of NPs. Further experiments should focus on the mechanism of phosphate on the removal of NPs in the coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S) process. Different kinds of anions may influence the dispersion stability of nanoparticles in the manner of inner-sphere complexation or outer-sphere complexation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology
- College of Environment and Resources
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Isaeva VI, Vedenyapina MD, Kulaishin SA, Lobova AA, Chernyshev VV, Kapustin GI, Tkachenko OP, Vergun VV, Arkhipov DA, Nissenbaum VD, Kustov LM. Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in an aqueous medium on nanoscale MIL-53(Al) type materials. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15091-15104. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MIL-53(Al) type materials were prepared using MW-activation. They show high adsorption capacities in the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in an aqueous medium and demonstrate faster adsorption rates as compared to an activated carbon.
Collapse
|
235
|
An I-doped (BiO)2CO3 nanosheets-wrapped carbon cloth for highly efficient separation of oil-in-water emulsions. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
236
|
Abstract
Water treatment sludge from algal blooms were analyzed and compared with general water treatment sludge as the pyrolysis temperature was varied from 300 °C to 900° C. Elemental analysis showed that the water treatment sludge in the eutrophication region has ~12% carbon content, higher than that (8.75%) of general water treatment sludge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of both types of sludge showed that amorphous silica changed to quartz and weak crystalline structures like kaolinite or montmorillonite were decomposed and changed into stronger crystalline forms like albite. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) peaks of humic/fulvic acid that indicated the affinity to combine with heavy metals disappeared above 700 °C. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), conducted to determine the heavy metal leaching amount of pyrolyzed water treatment sludge, showed the lowest value of 5.7 mg/kg at 500 °C when the humic acid was not decomposed. At 500 °C, the heavy metal leaching ratio to the heavy metal content of high organic content water treatment sludge and low organic content water treatment sludge were 1.87% and 3.19%, respectively, and the water treatment sludge of higher organic content was more stable. In other words, pyrolysis of water treatment sludge with high organic content at 500 °C increases the inorganic matter crystallinity and heavy metal leaching stability.
Collapse
|
237
|
Geng CX, Cao N, Xu W, He C, Yuan ZW, Liu JW, Shi Q, Xu CM, Liu ST, Zhao HZ. Molecular Characterization of Organics Removed by a Covalently Bound Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Coagulant for Advanced Treatment of Municipal Sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12642-12648. [PMID: 30335978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation is an important process to remove organics from water. The molecular composition and structure of organic matter influence water quality in many ways, and the lack of information regarding the organics removed by different coagulants makes it challenging to optimize coagulation processes and ensure reclaimed water safety. In this paper, we investigated coagulation of secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant with different coagulants. We emphasized investigation of organics removal characteristics at the molecular level using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI). We found that conventional coagulants can only partially remove condensed polycyclic aromatics and polyphenols with low H/C (H/C < 0.7) and highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds with high O/C (O/C > 0.6). A new coagulant, CBHyC, had better removal efficiencies for all organics with different element compositions and molecular structures, especially organics that are resistant to conventional coagulants such as highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds located in 0.3 < O/C < 0.8 and 1.0 < H/C < 2.0 regions and sulfur-containing compounds with higher O/C (e.g., anionic surfactants and their metabolites or coproducts). This study provides molecular insights into the organics removed by different coagulants and provides data supporting the possible optimization of advanced wastewater treatment processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Geng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266555 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266555 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wen Yuan
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing , China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249 , People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Tong Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhang Zhao
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education , Beijing 100871 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
Jin X, Zhang W, Ji Z, Zhou L, Jin P, Wang XC, Zhang Y. Application and mechanism of nucleation-induced pelleting coagulation (NPC) in treatment of fracturing wastewater with high concentration of dissolved organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:1082-1090. [PMID: 30223323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To improve the separation efficiency of fluffy flocs during coagulation of fracturing wastewater with high concentration of dissolved organic matter, a novel nucleation-induced pelleting coagulation (NPC) process is proposed based on pelleting coagulation in this study. In the NPC process, nucleation agents were added to act as pellet seeds to generate high-density pellet flocs. The results implied that the necessary condition for the NPC process was to control the metastable state, i.e. zeta potential around -10 mV after addition of the coagulant, polyaluminium chloride (PAC). Diatomite, which was added after rapid mixing, was used as the nucleation agent, and its optimal dosage was about 100 mg/L with particle size 100-200 μm. In addition, the dosage of the coagulant aid, polyacrylamide (PAM), significantly affected the performance of the NPC process, and the optimal PAM dosage was 10 mg/L in this study. It was found that 60 rpm (G = 55.1 s-1) was the optimal hydraulic condition for pellet growth during slow mixing. The pellet floc settling velocity reached 14.9 mm/s and the particle size (d50) reached 4.6 mm with an effective density of 0.021 g/cm3 at the optimal condition, which was one order higher than that of conventional aluminium flocs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Zhonglun Ji
- Changqing Petroleum and Gas Technology Research Institute, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Changqing Petroleum and Gas Technology Research Institute, China National Petroleum Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China.
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Hoslett J, Massara TM, Malamis S, Ahmad D, van den Boogaert I, Katsou E, Ahmad B, Ghazal H, Simons S, Wrobel L, Jouhara H. Surface water filtration using granular media and membranes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1268-1282. [PMID: 29929294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant growth of the human population is expected in the future. Hence, the pressure on the already scarce natural water resources is continuously increasing. This work is an overview of membrane and filtration methods for the removal of pollutants such as bacteria, viruses and heavy metals from surface water. Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration (MF/UF) can be highly effective in eliminating bacteria and/or act as pre-treatment before Nanofiltration/Reverse Osmosis (NF/RO) to reduce the possibility of fouling. However, MF/UF membranes are produced through relatively intensive procedures. Moreover, they can be modified with chemical additives to improve their performance. Therefore, MF/UF applicability in less developed countries can be limited. NF shows high removal capability of certain contaminants (e.g. pharmaceutically active compounds and ionic compounds). RO is necessary for desalination purposes in areas where sea water is used for drinking/sanitation. Nevertheless, NF/RO systems require pre-treatment of the influent, increased electrical supply and high level of technical expertise. Thus, they are often a highly costly addition for countries under development. Slow Sand Filtration (SSF) is a simple and easy-to-operate process for the retention of solids, microorganisms and heavy metals; land use is a limiting factor, though. Rapid Sand Filtration (RSF) is an alternative responding to the need for optimized land use. However, it requires prior and post treatment stages to prevent fouling. Especially after coating with metal-based additives, sand filtration can constitute an efficient and sustainable treatment option for developing countries. Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbs organic compounds that were not filtered in previous treatment stages. It can be used in conjunction with other methods (e.g. MF and SSF) to face pollution that results from potentially outdated water network (especially in less developed areas) and, hence, produce water of acceptable drinking quality. Future research can focus on the potential of GAC production from alternative sources (e.g. municipal waste). Given the high production/operation/maintenance cost of the NF/RO systems, more cost-effective but equally effective alternatives can be implemented: e.g. (electro)coagulation/flocculation followed by MF/UF, SSF before/after MF/UF, MF/UF before GAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Hoslett
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Theoni Maria Massara
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Simos Malamis
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Darem Ahmad
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Inge van den Boogaert
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Evina Katsou
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Balsam Ahmad
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Ghazal
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Stefaan Simons
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Luiz Wrobel
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Hussam Jouhara
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Wei H, Gao B, Ren J, Li A, Yang H. Coagulation/flocculation in dewatering of sludge: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:608-631. [PMID: 30031298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sludge disposal is an integral part of wastewater treatment systems, and its cost usually accounts for more than half of the total operation cost. Sludge disposal technology is facing challenges and opportunities simultaneously and can still be improved. Sludge dewatering is an essential process in sludge disposal, and it is important for the effective reduction of the final processing cost. Coagulation/flocculation is a relatively mature, cost-effective, user-friendly sludge dewatering technology. In this work, coagulation/flocculation and their combinations with other pretreatments, including dewatering mechanisms, are reviewed. Various coagulants/flocculants used in sludge dewatering, including inorganic coagulants, organic synthetic and natural polymeric flocculants, and bioflocculants, are introduced in detail because coagulants/flocculants are the key in coagulation/flocculation. The different factors that influence the dewatering performance of these coagulants/flocculants are also presented briefly. Moreover, aiming at the complicated composition of sludge and its treatment difficulty, the prospects and technical developments of coagulation/flocculation in sludge dewatering are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Boqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Jabłońska B. Water consumption management in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles washing process via wastewater pretreatment and reuse. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 224:215-224. [PMID: 30053733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles requires more and more fresh water during washing the bottles. The post-washing wastewater is often treated as effluent, whereas it could be reused in the technological process after appropriate pretreatment. In this paper, coagulation together with flocculation is proposed for use in the pretreatment of the wastewater arising during PET bottles washing. Five flocculants and six coagulants were tested. The turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced by up to 98% and 69%, respectively. Out of the tested flocculants, Praestol 611 BC at a dose of 2 mg/dm3 had the best performances. The best coagulant in TOC reduction was PIX-123. As for turbidity reduction, ALS was the best, but PIX-123 was comparable, and therefore, PIX-123 was indicated as most suitable in simultaneous reduction of TOC and turbidity. The coagulation and flocculation together reduced the amount of pollutants and contaminants in the post-washing wastewater to the levels allowing the water to be reused in the washing process, which could bring both economical and ecological benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jabłońska
- Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Brzeźnicka St. 60a, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Jiang X, Xia H, Zhang L, Peng J, Cheng S, Shu J, Li C, Zhang Q. Ultrasound and microwave-assisted synthesis of copper-activated carbon and application to organic dyes removal. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
243
|
Yang L, Wang L, Zhang H, Li C, Zhang X, Hu Q. A novel low cost microalgal harvesting technique with coagulant recovery and recycling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:343-348. [PMID: 29982056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel low cost and sustainable microalgal harvesting technique was developed using the concept of coagulant recovery concentration and recycling. Al3+ can be recovered from harvested Scenedesmus acuminatus biomass with 0.1 M HCl, at an acid solution-biomass ratio of 250 ml g-1. The residual Al3+ content in the purified biomass was reduced to 0.11 ± 0.0006 mg g-1, while a higher content of 59.74 ± 3.11 mg g-1 was found in the coagulation harvested biomass. The recovered Al3+ solution was concentrated 25 times and then reused for the harvesting of S. acuminatus. The Al3+ recovery and reuse were repeated 5 times, and the harvesting efficiencies were found higher than the fresh Al3+ as a result of the presence of extracellular polymeric substances in the recovered coagulant solution which aided the coagulation process. According to the technical-economic analysis, the cost of chemicals decreased 50% after 5 times recycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; SDIC Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., Beijing 100035, China
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
He S, Li Y, Weng L, Wang J, He J, Liu Y, Zhang K, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Competitive adsorption of Cd 2+, Pb 2+ and Ni 2+ onto Fe 3+-modified argillaceous limestone: Influence of pH, ionic strength and natural organic matters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:69-78. [PMID: 29742476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In present study, the feasibility of applying a natural adsorbent with Fe3+ modification (Fe3+-modified argillaceous limestone, FAL) on the competitive adsorption of heavy metals (i.e., Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+) was evaluated. The current results revealed an efficient adsorption on Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ in mono-metal system. Further experiments demonstrated a high selectivity of Pb2+ during the competitive adsorption of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+. The adsorption selectivity of the metal ions followed the order of Pb ≫ Cd > Ni. In addition, both pH and ionic strength are important factors affecting the metal adsorptions. It is interestingly that various NOMs (i.e., humic acid (HA) and glycine (Gly)) exerted different effects on the adsorption behaviors, probably due to the different affinities for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ and the redistribution of newly-formed metal-DOM complexes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis together with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis revealed that the metal adsorptions were mainly regulated via the synergistic mechanisms of ion exchange by Na+, Ca2+, and Al3+, precipitation to form CdCO3 and Pb2(OH)2(CO3)2, as well as complexes of FAL-OPb and FAL-ONi by hydroxyl groups on the surface of FAL. The application of FAL would be a promising option in leading to an efficient heavy metal removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuran He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Liping Weng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Jinjin Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jinxian He
- School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Yonglin Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qihong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environmental Research & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Isidro J, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Pre-disinfection columns to improve the performance of the direct electro-disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:135-140. [PMID: 29807263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the design and evaluation of a new concept of pre-disinfection treatment that is especially suited for highly polluted surface water and is based on the combination of coagulation-flocculation, lamellar sedimentation and filtration into a single-column unit, in which the interconnection between treatments is an important part of the overall process. The new system, the so-called PREDICO (PRE-DIsinfection Column) system, was built with low-cost consumables from hardware stores (in order to promote in-house construction of the system in poor countries) and was tested with a mixture of 20% raw wastewater and 80% surface water (in order to simulate an extremely bad situation). The results confirmed that the PREDICO system helps to avoid fouling in later electro-disinfection processes and attains a remarkable degree of disinfection (3-4 log units), which supplements the removal of pathogens attained by the electrolytic cell (more than 4 log units). The most important sizing parameters for the PREDICO system are the surface loading rate (SLR) and the hydraulic residence time (HRT); SLR values under 20 cm min-1 and HRT values over 13.6 min in the PREDICO system are suitable to warrant efficient performance of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Awad J, Fisk CA, Cox JW, Anderson SJ, van Leeuwen J. Modelling of THM formation potential and DOM removal based on drinking water catchment characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:761-768. [PMID: 29710599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Catchment properties influence the character and concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Surface and subsurface runoff from discrete catchments were collected and DOM was measured and assessed in terms of its treatability by Enhanced Coagulation and potential for disinfection by-product (trihalomethane, THMFP) formation potential. Models were developed of [1] DOM character [i.e. SUVA and SpCoL] and concentration (measured as dissolved organic carbon), [2] treatability of DOM by coagulation/flocculation processes and [3] specific THMFP based on the catchment features including: (a) surface and sub-surface soil texture (% clay: 5-25%), (b) topography (% slope: 5-15%) and (c) vegetation cover [i.e. high photosynthetic vegetation, low photosynthetic vegetation and bare soil] extracted from RapidEye satellite imagery using spectral mixture analysis. From these models, a catchment management decision support tool was designed for application by catchment managers to support decision-making of land-use and expected water quality related to water resources for drinking water supply. SOFTWARE AND DATA AVAILABILITY Data sets used for models developing presented in this paper have been published in Research Data Australia (RDA) under the title of "Impacts of catchment properties on DOM and nutrients in waters from drinking water catchments".1 These data sets are available in open access and published in June 2017. A catchment management decision support model (CMDSM) tool was developed. Macros created using Visual Basic for Applications in Excel 2010. Excel 2010 or higher is required to open the CMDSM tool. The tool is provided by the University of South Australia (UniSA) and is not currently available on-line so please contact the corresponding author for access or further information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Awad
- School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, South Australia, 5095, Australia; Public Works Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Claire A Fisk
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jim W Cox
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, 5005, Australia; South Australian Research and Development Institute, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sharolyn J Anderson
- School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - John van Leeuwen
- School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, South Australia, 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, ITEE, University of South Australia, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Heiderscheidt E, Leiviskä T. Evaluating the influence of pH adjustment on chemical purification efficiency and the suitability of industrial by-products as alkaline agents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:180-188. [PMID: 29494934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal salts of iron are currently used in several treatment facilities purifying peat extraction runoff water. Although chemical purification is considered best available technology for the treatment of this natural humic water, fluctuations in purification efficiency occur with low pH (3-4) and high metal concentration found in treated waters. The need for pH neutralisation increases the costs and overall environmental impacts related to chemical purification. The use of industrial by-products can decrease costs while supporting the sustainable use of natural resources and the principle of a circular economy. This study investigated the suitability of a range of calcium-based alkaline products (including by-products of the paper, cement and mineral industries) for neutralisation of chemically treated runoff water. The influence of the time of pH adjustment relative to time of coagulant addition (before coagulant, after but within coagulation, during flocculation and after sedimentation) on purification efficiency was evaluated. The hypotheses that the physical form of the coagulant was a relevant factor affecting purification was also assessed. The best performing pH-adjusting products were cement kiln dust (CaO and SiO2) and Mahtikalkki (Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 and CaO), by-products of the cement and paper industry, respectively. Time of pH adjustment in relation to time of coagulation addition had a significant influence on purification efficiency, especially when solid coagulant was used. Adjustment of pH at 30 s before coagulant dosing resulted in a negative effect on treatment results. Based on results obtained, suitable points of pH adjustment are during the flocculation stage or at the outlet of sedimentation, particularly if solid coagulants are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisangela Heiderscheidt
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Wang X, Gan Y, Guo S, Ma X, Xu M, Zhang S. Advantages of titanium xerogel over titanium tetrachloride and polytitanium tetrachloride in coagulation: A mechanism analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:350-360. [PMID: 29348068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) worked better than titanium tetrachloride (TC) and polytitanium chloride (PTC) in a wider pH/dose range for the removal of turbidity. However, the underlying mechanisms were not comprehensively understood. In this work, the better coagulation performance of TXC than TC and PTC was systematically elucidated from the following aspects: the physicochemical properties of the three coagulants, the removal of turbidity and organic matter, and the complexation reactions in coagulation. The results demonstrate that the merits of TXC were attributable to the following characteristics: (1) the higher surface charge density/total surface site concentration/isoelectric point of TXC hydrolysates, (2) the formation of TXC hydrolysates with a net-work structure, and (3) the strong binding affinity of TXC hydrolysates to organic matter caused by the bonded acetylacetone in the TXC framework. In short, the hydrolysis behavior of TXC significantly differed from both its precursor, TC, and the prehydrolyzed PTC. The difference in the hydrolysis of TXC was derived from the gelation process, which led to the polymerization of Ti in a way different from prehydrolyzation. The elucidation of the hydrolysis mechanisms is useful for the better application of Ti-based coagulants and may shed light on the preparation of other metal salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Yonghai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Mengshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|