201
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Abraityte A, Vinge LE, Askevold ET, Lekva T, Michelsen AE, Ranheim T, Alfsnes K, Fiane A, Aakhus S, Lunde IG, Dahl CP, Aukrust P, Christensen G, Gullestad L, Yndestad A, Ueland T. Wnt5a is elevated in heart failure and affects cardiac fibroblast function. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:767-777. [PMID: 28357477 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is dysregulated in heart failure (HF) and may promote cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation. Blocking the Wnt ligand Wnt5a prevents HF in animal models. However, the role of Wnt5a in human HF and its functions in cardiac cells remain unclear. Here, we investigated Wnt5a regulation in HF patients and its effects on primary mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts. Serum Wnt5a was elevated in HF patients and associated with hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and clinical measures of disease severity. In failing human hearts, Wnt5a protein correlated with interleukin (IL)-6 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. Wnt5a messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were markedly upregulated in failing myocardium and both mRNA and protein levels declined following left ventricular assist device therapy. In primary mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts, recombinant Wnt5a dose-dependently upregulated mRNA and protein release of IL-6 and TIMP-1. Wnt5a did not affect β-catenin levels, but activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Importantly, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation attenuated Wnt5a-induced release of IL-6 and TIMP-1. In conclusion, our results show that Wnt5a is elevated in the serum and myocardium of HF patients and is associated with measures of progressive HF. Wnt5a induces IL-6 and TIMP-1 in cardiac fibroblasts, which might promote myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and thereby contribute to HF progression. KEY MESSAGES • Wnt5a is elevated in serum and myocardium of HF patients and is associated with measures of progressive HF. • In cardiac fibroblasts, Wnt5a upregulates interleukin (IL)-6 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 through the ERK pathway. • Wnt5a-mediated effects might promote myocardial inflammation and fibrosis, and thereby contribute to HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Abraityte
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway. .,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Leif E Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Postboks 23 Vinderen, 0319, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik T Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Alfsnes
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnt Fiane
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svend Aakhus
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Postboks 8905 NTNU, Faculty of Medicine, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ida G Lunde
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Geir Christensen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet; Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050 Langnes, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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202
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Di Luigi L, Corinaldesi C, Colletti M, Scolletta S, Antinozzi C, Vannelli GB, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, Isidori AM, Migliaccio S, Poerio N, Fraziano M, Lenzi A, Crescioli C. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Decreases the Proinflammatory Chemokine CXCL10 in Human Cardiomyocytes and in Subjects with Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Inflammation 2017; 39:1238-52. [PMID: 27165639 PMCID: PMC4883282 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
T helper 1 (Th1) type cytokines and chemokines are bioactive mediators in inflammation underling several diseases and co-morbid conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Th1 chemokine CXCL10 participates in heart damage initiation/progression; cardioprotection has been recently associated with sildenafil, a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sildenafil on CXCL10 in inflammatory conditions associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. We analyzed: CXCL10 gene and protein in human cardiac, endothelial, and immune cells challenged by pro-inflammatory stimuli with and without sildenafil; serum CXCL10 in diabetic subjects at cardiomyopathy onset, before and after 3 months of treatment with sildenafil vs. placebo. Sildenafil significantly decreased CXCL10 protein secretion (IC50 = 2.6 × 10−7) and gene expression in human cardiomyocytes and significantly decreased circulating CXCL10 in subjects with chemokine basal level ≥ 930 pg/ml, the cut-off value as assessed by ROC analysis. In conclusion, sildenafil could be a pharmacologic tool to control CXCL10-associated inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Corinaldesi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Colletti
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Sabino Scolletta
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella B Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Poerio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fraziano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
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203
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Aghajani H, Faal M, Hosseinsabet A. Evaluation of longitudinal left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery ectasia and vitamin D deficiency by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography 2017; 34:397-406. [PMID: 28150401 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as the dilation of at least one segment of the coronary arteries that reaches at least 1.5 times the size of a normal neighboring segment. It has been shown that left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is impaired in patients with CAE. Also, it has been shown that LV function is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects compared with vitamin D-sufficient subjects and vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in CAE patients. We hypothesized that LV function is impaired in patients with CAE so we evaluated longitudinal LV myocardial function by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) in patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency without significant coronary artery stenosis and compared the results with those of subjects with vitamin D deficiency and near-normal coronary arteries. METHODS Our study population comprised 21 consecutive patients with CAE and without significant coronary artery stenosis (<50%) and 31 control subjects with near-normal coronary arteries. All subjects had vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS All 2DSTE-derived indices of longitudinal LV function, comprised of the absolute values of systolic strain (14.0±2.7% vs 15.4±2.3%, P=.039), systolic strain rate (1.2±0.2/s vs 1.3±0.2/s, P=.015), early diastolic strain rate (1.1±0.3/s vs 1.3±0.3 s-1 , P=.030), and late diastolic strain rate (0.8±0.2/s vs 1±0.2/s, P=.005), were reduced in the patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The systolic and diastolic functions of the LV in the patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency were impaired as evaluated by 2DSTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aghajani
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Faal
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinsabet
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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204
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Fatkhullina AR, Peshkova IO, Koltsova EK. The Role of Cytokines in the Development of Atherosclerosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1358-1370. [PMID: 27914461 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916110134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis contributes to the development of many cardiovascular diseases, which remain the leading cause of death in developed countries. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries. It is caused by dyslipidemia and mediated by both innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is a key factor at all stages of atherosclerosis progression. Cells involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis were shown to be activated by soluble factors, cytokines, that strongly influence the disease development. Pro-inflammatory cytokines accelerate atherosclerosis progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines ameliorate the disease. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the role of cytokines in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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205
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Wang Y, Golden JB, Fritz Y, Zhang X, Diaconu D, Camhi MI, Gao H, Dawes SM, Xing X, Ganesh SK, Gudjonsson JE, Simon DI, McCormick TS, Ward NL. Interleukin 6 regulates psoriasiform inflammation-associated thrombosis. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e89384. [PMID: 27942589 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis patients are at increased risk of heart attack and stroke and have elevated MRP8/14 levels that predict heart attack. The KC-Tie2 psoriasiform mouse model exhibits elevated MRP8/14 and is prothrombotic. Mrp14-/- mice, in contrast, are protected from thrombosis, but, surprisingly, KC-Tie2xMrp14-/- mice remain prothrombotic. Treating KC-Tie2xMrp14-/- mice with anti-IL-23p19 antibodies reversed the skin inflammation, improved thrombosis, and decreased IL-6. In comparison, IL-6 deletion from KC-Tie2 animals improved thrombosis despite sustained skin inflammation, suggesting that thrombosis improvements following IL-23 inhibition occur secondary to IL-6 decreases. Psoriasis patient skin has elevated IL-6 and IL-6 receptor is present in human coronary atheroma, supporting a link between skin and distant vessel disease in patient tissue. Together, these results identify a critical role for skin-derived IL-6 linking skin inflammation with thrombosis, and shows that in the absence of IL-6 the connection between skin inflammation and thrombosis comorbidities is severed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jackelyn B Golden
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Fritz
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiufen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Doina Diaconu
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maya I Camhi
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiyun Gao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean M Dawes
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Santhi K Ganesh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daniel I Simon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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206
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Hu F, Zhai N, Gao W, Wu P, Luo Y, Pan D, Liu Y, Li D. Outer Balloon Ligation Increases Success Rate of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167631. [PMID: 27907155 PMCID: PMC5132321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is a growing public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Experimental animal models provide valuable tools for studying myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe a new method (outer balloon ligation) to induce myocardial I/R injury in mice. METHODS Ninety-nine male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, classic method group (I/R-C) and the new method group (I/R-N). The surgical procedure and recovery time were recorded. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, cTnT and LDH were detected by ELISA kits. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to assess neutrophil infiltration. Moreover, surgical survival, myocardial infarction areas, and cardiac function measurements were also recorded. RESULTS The reperfusion operation time in the I/R-N group were markedly less than the I/R-C group (14.73±2.86 vs. 168.60±33.01 sec, p <0.0001). Similarly, the recovery time in I/R-N group was shorter than the I/R-C group (45.39±15.39 vs. 101.70±19.33 min, p <0.0001). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in I/R-N group were also markedly lower than in I/R-C group (136.5±22.21 vs. 170.5±24.79 pg/ml, p <0.05 and 100.3±23.74 vs. 144.40±22.24 pg/ml, p <0.001). Compared I/R-N group with I/R-C group, the levels of neutrophil infiltration, cTnT and LDH had no significant differences. Surgical survival rate was 96.7% in the I/R-N group, which was significantly improved compared to the rate of 80% in the I/R-C group. However, there were no significant differences in the areas of myocardial infarction and cardiac function between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the classic method, our new method of inducing myocardial I/R injury has higher efficiency and less tissue damage in mice, but achieves the same modeling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwang Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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207
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Immunosuppression With FTY720 Reverses Cardiac Dysfunction in Hypomorphic ApoE Mice Deficient in SR-BI Expression That Survive Myocardial Infarction Caused by Coronary Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:47-56. [PMID: 26322923 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We recently reported that immunosuppression with FTY720 improves cardiac function and extends longevity in Hypomorphic ApoE mice deficient in scavenger receptor Type-BI expression, also known as the HypoE/SR-BI(–/–) mouse model of diet-induced coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we tested the impact of FTY720 on cardiac dysfunction in HypoE/SR-BI(–/–) mice that survive MI and subsequently develop chronic heart failure. METHODS/RESULTS HypoE/SR-BI(–/–) mice were bred to Mx1-Cre transgenic mice, and offspring were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3.5 weeks to provoke hyperlipidemia, coronary atherosclerosis, and recurrent MIs. In contrast to our previous study, hyperlipidemia was rapidly reversed by inducible Cre-mediated gene repair of the HypoE allele and switching mice to a normal chow diet. Mice that survived the period of HFD were subsequently given oral FTY720 in drinking water or not, and left ventricular (LV) function was monitored using serial echocardiography for up to 15 weeks. In untreated mice, LV performance progressively deteriorated. Although FTY720 treatment did not initially prevent a decline of heart function among mice 6 weeks after Cre-mediated gene repair, it almost completely restored normal LV function in these mice by 15 weeks. Reversal of heart failure did not result from reduced atherosclerosis as the burden of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis actually increased to similar levels in both groups of mice. Rather, FTY720 caused systemic immunosuppression as assessed by reduced numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes. In contrast, FTY720 did not enhance the loss of T cells or macrophages that accumulated in the heart during the HFD feeding period, but it did enhance the loss of B cells soon after plasma lipid lowering. Moreover, FTY720 potently reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and genes involved in innate immunity-associated inflammation in the heart. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that immunosuppression with FTY720 prevents postinfarction myocardial remodeling and chronic heart failure.
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208
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Sureda A, Batle JM, Martorell M, Capó X, Tejada S, Tur JA, Pons A. Antioxidant Response of Chronic Wounds to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163371. [PMID: 27654305 PMCID: PMC5031445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of the clinical hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the plasma antioxidant response and levels of endothelin-1, Interleukine-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with chronic wounds (20.2±10.0 months without healing). They received 20 HBOT sessions (five sessions/week), and blood samples were obtained at sessions 1, 5 and 20 before and 2 hours after the HBOT. An additional blood sample was collected 1 month after wound recovery. Serum creatine kinase activity decreased progressively in accordance with the wound healing. Plasma catalase activity significantly increased after the first and fifth sessions of HBOT. Plasma myeloperoxidase activity reported significantly lower values after sessions. Plasma VEGF and IL-6 increased after sessions. Endothelin-1 levels were progressively decreasing during the HBOT, being significant at the session 20. Plasma malondialdehyde concentration was significantly reduced at the last session. Both creatine kinase activity and malondialdehyde levels were maintained lower 1 month after wound recovery respect to initial values. In conclusion, HBOT enhanced the plasma antioxidant defenses and may contribute to activate the healing resolution, angiogenesis and vascular tone regulation by increasing the VEGF and IL-6 release and the endothelin-1 decrease, which may be significant factors in stimulating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Juan M. Batle
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Departamento de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, E-4070386, Concepción, Chile
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Experimental Laboratory, Research Unit, Son Llàtzer Hospital, IUNICS, Ctra. Manacor km 4, E-07198, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Pons
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- * E-mail:
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209
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Wang YC, Hu YW, Sha YH, Gao JJ, Ma X, Li SF, Zhao JY, Qiu YR, Lu JB, Huang C, Zhao JJ, Zheng L, Wang Q. Ox-LDL Upregulates IL-6 Expression by Enhancing NF-κB in an IGF2-Dependent Manner in THP-1 Macrophages. Inflammation 2016; 38:2116-23. [PMID: 26063187 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is well established as a vital factor in determining the risk of coronary heart disease and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Moreover, accumulating evidences have shown that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can promote IL-6 expression in macrophages. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of how ox-LDL upregulates IL-6 expression remains largely unexplained. We found that the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and IL-6 was upregulated at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner when treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/mL of ox-LDL for 48 h in THP-1 macrophages. Moreover, overexpression of IGF2 significantly upregulated NF-κB and IL-6 expressions in THP-1 macrophages. However, the upregulation of NF-κB and IL-6 expressions induced by ox-LDL were significantly abolished by IGF2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in THP-1 macrophages. Further studies indicated the upregulation of IL-6 induced by ox-LDL could be abolished when treated with NF-κB siRNA in THP-1 macrophages. Ox-LDL might upregulate IL-6 in the cell and its secretion via enhancing NF-κB in an IGF2-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sha
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ji-Juan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Fen Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yu-Rong Qiu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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210
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Bianchi MS, Bianchi S, Hernado-Insúa A, Martinez LM, Lago N, Libertun C, Chasseing NA, Montaner AD, Lux-Lantos VA. Proposed mechanisms for oligonucleotide IMT504 induced diabetes reversion in a mouse model of immunodependent diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E380-95. [PMID: 27329801 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00104.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) originates from autoimmune β-cell destruction. IMT504 is an immunomodulatory oligonucleotide that increases mesenchymal stem cell cloning capacity and reverts toxic diabetes in rats. Here, we evaluated long-term (20 doses) and short-term (2-6 doses) effects of IMT504 (20 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) sc) in an immunodependent diabetes model: multiple low-dose streptozotocin-injected BALB/c mice (40 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) ip for 5 consecutive days). We determined blood glucose, glucose tolerance, serum insulin, islet morphology, islet infiltration, serum cytokines, progenitor cell markers, immunomodulatory proteins, proliferation, apoptosis, and islet gene expression. IMT504 reduced glycemia, induced β-cell recovery, and impaired islet infiltration. IMT504 induced early blood glucose decrease and infiltration inhibition, increased β-cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis, increased islet indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, and increased serum tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6). IMT504 affected islet gene expression; preproinsulin-2, proglucagon, somatostatin, nestin, regenerating gene-1, and C-X-C motif ligand-1 cytokine (Cxcl1) increased in islets from diabetic mice and were decreased by IMT504. IMT504 downregulated platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (Pecam1) in islets from control and diabetic mice, whereas it increased regenerating gene-2 (Reg2) in islets of diabetic mice. The IMT504-induced increase in IL-6 and islet IDO expression and decreased islet Pecam1 and Cxcl1 mRNA expression could participate in keeping leukocyte infiltration at bay, whereas upregulation of Reg2 may mediate β-cell regeneration. We conclude that IMT504 effectively reversed immunodependent diabetes in mice. Corroboration of these effects in a model of autoimmune diabetes more similar to human T1D could provide promising results for the treatment of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chemokine CXCL1/drug effects
- Chemokine CXCL1/genetics
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/drug effects
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Insulin/genetics
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lithostathine/drug effects
- Lithostathine/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nestin/drug effects
- Nestin/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology
- Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/drug effects
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Proglucagon/drug effects
- Proglucagon/genetics
- Protein Precursors/drug effects
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Proteins/drug effects
- Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Somatostatin/drug effects
- Somatostatin/genetics
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Bianchi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stefanía Bianchi
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Leandro M Martinez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Néstor Lago
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Libertun
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norma A Chasseing
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Victoria A Lux-Lantos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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211
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Jeremic N, Chaturvedi P, Tyagi SC. Browning of White Fat: Novel Insight Into Factors, Mechanisms, and Therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:61-8. [PMID: 27279601 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
What is more interesting about brown adipose tissue (BAT) is its ability to provide thermogenesis, protection against obesity by clearing triglycerides, releasing batokines, and mitigating insulin resistance. White adipose tissue (WAT) on the other hand stores excess energy and secretes some endocrine factors like leptin for regulating satiety. For the last decade there has been an increasing interest in the browning of fat keeping in view its beneficial effects on metabolic disorders and protection in the form of perivascular fat. Obesity is one such metabolic disorder that leads to significant morbidity and mortality from obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular disease risk. Browning of white fat paves the way to restrict obesity and obesity related disorders. Although exercise has been the most common factor for fat browning; however, there are other factors that involve: (1) beta aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA); (2) gamma amino butyric acid (GABA); (3) PPARɣ agonists; (4) JAK inhibition; and (5) IRISIN. In this review, we propose two novel factors musclin and TFAM for fat browning. Musclin a myokine released from muscles during exercise activates PPARɣ which induces browning of WAT that has beneficial metabolic and cardiac effects. TFAM is a transcription factor that induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Since BAT is rich in mitochondria, higher expression of TFAM in WAT or TFAM treatment in WAT cells can induce browning of WAT. We propose that fat browning can be used as a therapeutic tool for metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 61-68, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
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212
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IL-6: A Janus-like factor in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:139-146. [PMID: 27318834 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is part of the atherosclerotic spectrum of diseases. The disease is hallmarked by a comprehensive localized inflammatory response with striking IL-6 hyperexpression. IL-6 is a multifaceted cytokine that, depending on the context, acts as a pro- or anti-inflammatory factor. In this study, we explore a putative role for IL-6 in AAA disease. METHODS ELISA's, Western blot analysis, real time PCR and array analysis were used to investigate IL-6 expression and signaling in aneurysm wall samples from patients undergoing elective AAA repair. A role for IL-6 in AAA disease was tested through IL-6 neutralization experiments (neutralizing antibody) in the elastase model of AAA disease. RESULTS We confirmed an extreme disparity in aortic wall IL-6 content between AAA and atherosclerotic disease (median [5th-95th percentile] aortic wall IL-6 content: 281.6 [0.0-1820.8] (AAA) vs. 1.9 [0.0-37.8] μg/g protein (atherosclerotic aorta), (p < 0.001). Array analysis followed by pathway analysis showed that IL-6 hyper-expression is followed by increased IL-6 signaling (p < 0.000039), an observation confirmed by higher aneurysm wall pSTAT3 levels, and SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA expression, (p < 0.018). Remarkably, preventive IL-6 neutralization i.e. treatment started one day prior to the elastase-induction resulted in >40% 7-day mortality due to aortic rupture. In contrast, delayed IL-6 neutralization (i.e. neutralization started at day 4 after elastase induction) did not result in ruptures, and quenched AAA growth (p < 0.021). CONCLUSIONS AAA disease is characterized by increased IL-6 signaling. In the context of the elastase model of AAA disease, IL-6 appears a multi-faceted factor, protective upon acute injury, but negatively involved in the perpetuation of the disease process.
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213
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Nollet E, Hoymans VY, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Vrints CJ, Van Craenenbroeck EM. Improving stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases: the potential role of microRNA. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H207-18. [PMID: 27208159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00239.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The initial promising prospect of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy in the setting of cardiovascular diseases has been overshadowed by functional shortcomings of the stem cell product. As powerful epigenetic regulators of (stem) cell function, microRNAs are valuable targets for novel therapeutic strategies. Indeed, modulation of specific miRNA expression could contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy of stem cell therapy. First, this review elaborates on the functional relevance of miRNA dysregulation in bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in different cardiovascular diseases. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the effect of specific miRNA modulation in several types of progenitor cells on cardiac and/or vascular regeneration. By elaborating on the cardioprotective regulation of progenitor cells on cardiac miRNAs, more insight in the underlying mechanisms of stem cell therapy is provided. Finally, some considerations are made regarding the potential of circulating miRNAs as regulators of the miRNA signature of progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Nollet
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vicky Y Hoymans
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; and
| | - Christiaan J Vrints
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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214
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CETP Lowers TLR4 Expression Which Attenuates the Inflammatory Response Induced by LPS and Polymicrobial Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1784014. [PMID: 27293313 PMCID: PMC4880711 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1784014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection eliciting high mortality rate which is a serious health problem. Despite numerous studies seeking for therapeutic alternatives, the mechanisms involved in this disease remain elusive. In this study we evaluated the influence of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), a glycoprotein that promotes the transfer of lipids between lipoproteins, on the inflammatory response in mice. Human CETP transgenic mice were compared to control mice (wild type, WT) after polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), aiming at investigating their survival rate and inflammatory profiles. Macrophages from the peritoneal cavity were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of recombinant CETP for phenotypic and functional studies. In comparison to WT mice, CETP mice showed higher survival rate, lower IL-6 plasma concentration, and decreased liver toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) protein. Moreover, macrophages from WT mice to which recombinant human CETP was added decreased LPS uptake, TLR4 expression, NF-κB activation and IL-6 secretion. This raises the possibility for new therapeutic tools in sepsis while suggesting that lowering CETP by pharmacological inhibitors should be inconvenient in the context of sepsis and infectious diseases.
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215
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Zhang L, Geng WR, Hu J, Chen XM, Shen YL, Wang LL, Jiang JP, Chen YY. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment promotes cardiac stem cell migration through heat shock protein 90-dependent β-catenin activation. Life Sci 2016; 153:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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216
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Trinh NT, Yamashita T, Ohneda K, Kimura K, Salazar GT, Sato F, Ohneda O. Increased Expression of EGR-1 in Diabetic Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduces Their Wound Healing Capacity. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:760-73. [PMID: 26988763 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which leads to diabetic complications, has been increasing worldwide. The possible applications of T2DM-derived stem cells in cell therapy are limited because their characteristics are still not fully understood. In this study, we characterized adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) from diabetic patients (dAT-MSCs) and found that insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was highly phosphorylated at serine 636/639 in dAT-MSCs. Moreover, we found that early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) and its target genes of PTEN and GGPS1 were highly expressed in dAT-MSCs in comparison to healthy donor-derived AT-MSCs (nAT-MSCs). We observed impaired wound healing after the injection of dAT-MSCs in the ischemic flap mouse model. The expressions of EGR-1 and its target genes were diminished by small hairpin RNA-targeted EGR-1 (shEGR-1) and treatment with a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibitor (PD98059). Importantly, dAT-MSCs with shEGR-1 were able to restore the wound healing ability in the mouse model. Interestingly, under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can bind to the EGR-1 promoter in dAT-MSCs, but not in nAT-MSCs. Together, these results demonstrate that the expression of EGR-1 was upregulated in dAT-MSCs through two pathways: the main regulatory pathway is the MAPK/ERK pathway, the other is mediated by HIF-1α through direct transcriptional activation at the promoter region of the EGR1 gene. Our study suggests that dAT-MSCs may contribute to microvascular damage and delay wound healing through the overexpression of EGR-1. Interrupting the expression of EGR-1 in dAT-MSCs may be a useful treatment for chronic wounds in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu-Thuy Trinh
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yamashita
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kinuko Ohneda
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare , Takasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kimura
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Georgina To'a Salazar
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fujio Sato
- 3 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- 1 Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba, Japan
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217
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Voelkl J, Alesutan I, Primessnig U, Feger M, Mia S, Jungmann A, Castor T, Viereck R, Stöckigt F, Borst O, Gawaz M, Schrickel JW, Metzler B, Katus HA, Müller OJ, Pieske B, Heinzel FR, Lang F. AMP-activated protein kinase α1-sensitive activation of AP-1 in cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:36-43. [PMID: 27106803 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk) regulates myocardial energy metabolism and plays a crucial role in the response to cell stress. In the failing heart, an isoform shift of the predominant Ampkα2 to the Ampkα1 was observed. The present study explored possible isoform specific effects of Ampkα1 in cardiomyocytes. To this end, experiments were performed in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, as well as in Ampkα1-deficient and corresponding wild-type mice and mice following AAV9-mediated cardiac overexpression of constitutively active Ampkα1. As a result, in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, overexpression of constitutively active Ampkα1 increased the phosphorylation of Pkcζ. Constitutively active Ampkα1 further increased AP-1-dependent transcriptional activity and mRNA expression of the AP-1 target genes c-Fos, Il6 and Ncx1, effects blunted by Pkcζ silencing. In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, angiotensin-II activated AP-1, an effect blunted by silencing of Ampkα1 and Pkcζ, but not of Ampkα2. In wild-type mice, angiotensin-II infusion increased cardiac Ampkα1 and cardiac Pkcζ protein levels, as well as c-Fos, Il6 and Ncx1 mRNA expression, effects blunted in Ampkα1-deficient mice. Pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) similarly increased cardiac Ampkα1 and Pkcζ abundance as well as c-Fos, Il6 and Ncx1 mRNA expression, effects again blunted in Ampkα1-deficient mice. AAV9-mediated cardiac overexpression of constitutively active Ampkα1 increased Pkcζ protein abundance and the mRNA expression of c-Fos, Il6 and Ncx1 in cardiac tissue. In conclusion, Ampkα1 promotes myocardial AP-1 activation in a Pkcζ-dependent manner and thus contributes to cardiac stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow & German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Charite & Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sobuj Mia
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Castor
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Viereck
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Stöckigt
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str.25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Wilko Schrickel
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str.25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Metzler
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr.35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg, Germany, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow & German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Charite & Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Cardiology, Charité, Campus Virchow & German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Charite & Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology & Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr.5/Otfried-Mueller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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218
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Thoonen R, Hindle AG, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Brown adipose tissue: The heat is on the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1592-605. [PMID: 27084389 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00698.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained significant scientific interest since the discovery of functional BAT in adult humans. The thermogenic properties of BAT are well recognized; however, data generated in the last decade in both rodents and humans reveal therapeutic potential for BAT against metabolic disorders and obesity. Here we review the current literature in light of a potential role for BAT in beneficially mediating cardiovascular health. We focus mainly on BAT's actions in obesity, vascular tone, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the recently discovered endocrine factors that have a potential beneficial role in cardiovascular health. These BAT-secreted factors may have a favorable effect against cardiovascular risk either through their metabolic role or by directly affecting the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Thoonen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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219
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Qiao D, He X, Wei C, Xia L, Bao L. Effects of Hyriopsis cumingii Polysaccharides on Mice Immunologic Receptor, Transcription Factor, and Cytokine. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H1288-94. [PMID: 27061742 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To discuss the molecular mechanism of immunoenhancing activities of Hyriopsis cumingii polysaccharides (HCPS), effects of HCPS on mice immunologic receptors (toll-like receptors-4 [TLR-4] and mannose receptor-1 [MR-1]), transcription factor (nuclear factor kappa-B [NF-κB]), and cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were evaluated by cell model in vitro and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression animal model in vivo. Results showed that HCPS could promote the mRNA synthesis of TLR-4, MR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in spleen, and the gene expression of TLR-4, MR-1, NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in spleen and serum in a dose-dependent manner. Crude HCPS and its purified fractions (HCPS-1, HCPS-2, and HCPS-3) could strengthen peritoneal macrophage expressing MR-1 and NF-κB in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, HCPS-3 showed stronger promotions on MR-1 and NF-κB than crude HCPS, HCPS-1, and HCPS-2. It suggested that HCPS-stimulated immunostrengthening was mediated, at least in part, by TLR-4/NF-κB/IL-6 and TLR-4/NF-κB/ TNF-α signaling pathways. MR-1, IL-6, and TNF-α might be 3 of the immune regulators mediating immunity and homeostasis when HCPS performed immunoenhancing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Qiao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui Univ, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
| | - Xiaomei He
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui Univ, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
| | - Chuanbao Wei
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui Univ, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
| | - Lunbin Xia
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui Univ, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
| | - Lingling Bao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui Univ, Lu'an, 237012, PR China
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220
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Carr EJ, Dooley J, Garcia-Perez JE, Lagou V, Lee JC, Wouters C, Meyts I, Goris A, Boeckxstaens G, Linterman MA, Liston A. The cellular composition of the human immune system is shaped by age and cohabitation. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:461-468. [PMID: 26878114 PMCID: PMC4890679 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Detailed population-level description of the human immune system has recently become achievable. We used a 'systems-level' approach to establish a resource of cellular immune profiles of 670 healthy individuals. We report a high level of interindividual variation, with low longitudinal variation, at the level of cellular subset composition of the immune system. Despite the profound effects of antigen exposure on individual antigen-specific clones, the cellular subset structure proved highly elastic, with transient vaccination-induced changes followed by a return to the individual's unique baseline. Notably, the largest influence on immunological variation identified was cohabitation, with 50% less immunological variation between individuals who share an environment (as parents) than between people in the wider population. These results identify local environmental conditions as a key factor in shaping the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Carr
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development ISP, Babraham Institute,
Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - James Dooley
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven,
Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Josselyn E. Garcia-Perez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven,
Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven,
Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven,
Belgium
| | - James C. Lee
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine,
University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven,
Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven,
Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - An Goris
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven,
Belgium
| | - Michelle A. Linterman
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development ISP, Babraham Institute,
Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven,
Leuven 3000, Belgium
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221
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Del Prete S, Vullo D, De Luca V, Carginale V, Ferraroni M, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Sulfonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1115-20. [PMID: 26850377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The genome of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae encodes for three carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α-, β- and γ-classes. VchCA, the α-CA from this species was investigated earlier, whereas the β-class enzyme, VchCAβ was recently cloned, characterized kinetically and its X-ray crystal structure reported by this group. Here we report an inhibition study with sulfonamides and one sulfamate of this enzyme. The best VchCAβ inhibitors were deacetylated acetazolamide and methazolamide and hydrochlorothiazide, which showed inhibition constants of 68.2-87.0nM. Other compounds, with medium potency against VchCAβ, (KIs in the range of 275-463nM), were sulfanilamide, metanilamide, sulthiame and saccharin whereas the clinically used agents such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dorzolamide, zonisamide and celecoxib were micromolar inhibitors (KIs in the range of 4.51-8.57μM). Identification of potent and possibly selective inhibitors of VchCA and VchCAβ over the human CA isoforms, may lead to pharmacological tools useful for understanding the physiological role(s) of this under-investigated enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- King Saud University, Department of Chemistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- King Saud University, Department of Chemistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- King Saud University, Department of Chemistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy.
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222
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Tokmachev RE, Budnevsky AV, Kravchenko AY. [The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016. [PMID: 28635813 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016889106-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review considers the main points of the concept of progressive chronic heart failure (CHF). The neurohumoral model of CHF pathogenesis could create novel approaches to treating these patients. However, recent studies have shown that the ways of activating the neurohumoral systems in CHF are much more complex. The increased local synthesis of hormones causes the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and proto-oncogenes, which have a number of negative effects. Multiple studies have formulated the immunoinflammatory concept of CHF pathogenesis, according to which the increased concentration of interleukin-6 is a marker of poor prognosis in CHF, and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α directly correlates with the severity of its clinical manifestations and the activity of the neurohumoral background in decompensation. The review gives a classification of cytokines and describes the reasons for their elevated plasma concentration, their possible role in the occurrence and progression of CHF, and their prognostic significance. The pathogenesis of CHF, which includes cytokine aggression, requires further studies of the effect of the inflammatory component on the course of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Tokmachev
- N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Voronezh, Russia
| | - A V Budnevsky
- N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Voronezh, Russia
| | - A Ya Kravchenko
- N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Voronezh, Russia
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Tay L, Ding YY, Leung BP, Ismail NH, Yeo A, Yew S, Tay KS, Tan CH, Chong MS. Sex-specific differences in risk factors for sarcopenia amongst community-dwelling older adults. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:121. [PMID: 26607157 PMCID: PMC5005859 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With considerable variation including potential sex-specific differential rate of skeletal muscle loss, identifying modifiable factors for sarcopenia will be pivotal to guide targeted interventions. This study seeks to identify clinical and biological correlates of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, with emphasis on the role of anabolic and catabolic stimuli, and special reference to gender specificity. In this cross-sectional study involving 200 community-dwelling and functionally independent older adults aged ≥50 years, sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Comorbidities, cognitive and functional performance, physical activity and nutritional status were routinely assessed. Biochemical parameters included haematological indices, lipid panel, vitamin D level, anabolic hormones [insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), free testosterone (males only)] and catabolic markers [inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein) and myostatin]. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors for sarcopenia. Age was associated with sarcopenia in both genders. Malnutrition conferred significantly higher odds for sarcopenia in women (OR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.13-28.84.44, p = 0.035) while higher but acceptable range serum triglyceride was protective in men (OR = 0.05, 95% CI 0.00-0.52, p = 0.012). Higher serum myostatin independently associated with higher odds for sarcopenia in men (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24, p = 0.041). Serum IGF-1 was significantly lower amongst female sarcopenic subjects, with demonstrable trend for protective effect against sarcopenia in multiple regression models, such that each 1 ng/ml increase in IGF-1 was associated with 1% decline in odds of sarcopenia in women (p = 0.095). Our findings support differential pathophysiological mechanisms for sarcopenia that, if corroborated, may have clinical utility in guiding sex-specific targeted interventions for community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tay
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Y Y Ding
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B P Leung
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N H Ismail
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Continuing and Community Care, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Yeo
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Yew
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K S Tay
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C H Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M S Chong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Rochfort KD, Collins LE, McLoughlin A, Cummins PM. Tumour necrosis factor-α-mediated disruption of cerebrovascular endothelial barrier integrity in vitro involves the production of proinflammatory interleukin-6. J Neurochem 2015; 136:564-72. [PMID: 26499872 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The co-involvement of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) during blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury has been reported in various models of neuroinflammation, although the precise functional interplay between these archetypal proinflammatory cytokines remains largely undefined within this context. In the current paper, we tested the hypothesis that TNF-α-mediated BBB disruption is measurably attributable in-part to induction of microvascular endothelial IL-6 production. In initial experiments, we observed that treatment of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMvECs) with TNF-α (0-100 ng/mL, 0-24 h) robustly elicited both time- and dose-dependent induction of IL-6 expression and release, as well as expression of the IL-6 family receptor, GP130. Further experiments demonstrated that the TNF-α-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species, down-regulation of adherens/tight junction proteins, and concomitant elevation of HBMvEC permeability, were all significantly attenuated by blockade of IL-6 signalling using either an anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody or an IL-6 siRNA. Based on these observations, we conclude that TNF-α treatment of HBMvECs in vitro activates IL-6 production and signalling, events that were shown to synergize with TNF-α actions to elicit HBMvEC permeabilization. These novel findings offer a constructive insight into the specific contribution of downstream cytokine induction to the injurious actions of TNF-α at the BBB microvascular endothelium interface. The co-involvement of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) during blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury has been widely reported. Using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMvEC), we show that TNF-α-mediated BBB disruption is measurably attributable in-part to induction of endothelial IL-6 production and signalling. We demonstrate that the TNF-α-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), down-regulation of interendothelial junctions, and concomitant elevation of HBMvEC permeability, could be significantly attenuated by using either an IL-6 neutralizing antibody or an IL-6-specific siRNA. These findings provide insight into the complex nature of proinflammatory cytokine injury at the BBB microvascular endothelium interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Rochfort
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura E Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alisha McLoughlin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip M Cummins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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225
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Mansell H, Soliman M, Elmoselhi H, Shoker A. Elevated Circulating Interleukin 33 Levels in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients at High Risk for Cardiovascular Events. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142141. [PMID: 26544186 PMCID: PMC4636241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events calculator (CRCRTR-MACE) estimates the burden of cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Our recent study of 95 RTR reported the 7-year median risk of cardiovascular events (CVE) to be 9.97%, ranging from 1.93 to 84.27%. Nearly a third (28.4%) of the cohort was above 20% risk for a CVE. Since interleukins (ILs) as part of the inflammatory response may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), we extended this study to identify which ILs are associated with high cardiovascular risk in this population. Methods Twenty-two ILs were measured by multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassay in 95 RTR and 56 normal controls. Stepwise analysis after multivariate determination of significant demographic and inflammatory variables was performed between the high and low-CVD risk groups (which were arbitrarily set at scores <10% and ≥20%, respectively). Normalized data was presented as mean ± SD and non-normalized data as median (minimum–maximum). Significance was measured at <0.05. Results 27.5% of the low-risk and 31.3% of the high-risk groups had mean IL levels above the 95 percentile of the normal control levels. In the non-parametric analysis IL-6, 9, 16, 17 and 33 were significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the control. Univariate analysis (UVA) of the high-risk group identified IL-33 as the only IL that remained significantly higher than the control and low-risk groups (p = 0.000). The percentage of patients with IL-33 levels above the 90 percentile of control value in the low and high-risk groups were 15.6% and 52.0%, respectively (p<0.002). UVA of factors significant to high IL-33 levels included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while diabetes mellitus, serum phosphorus, microalbuminuria and age also remained significant in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Circulating IL-33 level is positively associated with high CRCRTR-MACE score. Diminished eGFR, age, diabetes, serum phosphorus and microalbuminurea demonstrate significant relationship with elevated IL-33 levels, supporting the possible pathognomonic role of IL-33 in the cardiovascular burden in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Mansell
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hamdi Elmoselhi
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ahmed Shoker
- St. Paul's Hospital, Saskatchewan Renal Transplant Program, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
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226
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Ayala MAM, Casasco A, González M, Postan M, Corral RS, Petray PB. Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces the expression of CD40 in murine cardiomyocytes favoring CD40 ligation-dependent production of cardiopathogenic IL-6. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:779-85. [PMID: 26526953 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in the myocardium is an important aspect of the pathogenesis of Chagas' heart disease raised by Trypanosoma cruzi. CD40, a transmembrane type I receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, is expressed in a broad spectrum of cell types and is crucial in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Activation of CD40 through ligation to CD40L (CD154) induces multiple effects, including the secretion of proinflammatory molecules. In the present study, we examined the ability of T. cruzi to trigger the expression of CD40 in cardiac myocytes in vitro and in a murine model of chagasic cardiomyopathy. Our results indicate, for the first time, that T. cruzi is able to induce the expression of CD40 in HL-1 murine cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ligation of CD40 receptor upregulated interleukin-6 (IL-6), associated with inflammation. Furthermore, the induction of this costimulatory molecule was demonstrated in vivo in myocardium of mice infected with T. cruzi. This suggests that CD40-bearing cardiac muscle cells could interact with CD40L-expressing lymphocytes infiltrating the heart, thus contributing to inflammatory injury in chagasic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Alejandra Moreno Ayala
- Servicio de Parasitología y Enfermedad de Chagas, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 10, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Casasco
- Servicio de Parasitología y Enfermedad de Chagas, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela González
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén/ANLIS/Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén/ANLIS/Malbrán, Av. Paseo Colón 568, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Santiago Corral
- Servicio de Parasitología y Enfermedad de Chagas, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Beatriz Petray
- Servicio de Parasitología y Enfermedad de Chagas, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Khorooshi R, Asgari N, Mørch MT, Berg CT, Owens T. Hypersensitivity Responses in the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2015; 6:517. [PMID: 26500654 PMCID: PMC4595775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated tissue damage or hypersensitivity can be mediated by autospecific IgG antibodies. Pathology results from activation of complement, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, mediated by inflammatory effector leukocytes include macrophages, natural killer cells, and granulocytes. Antibodies and complement have been associated to demyelinating pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, where macrophages predominate among infiltrating myeloid cells. Serum-derived autoantibodies with predominant specificity for the astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are implicated as inducers of pathology in neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease where activated neutrophils infiltrate, unlike in MS. The most widely used model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, is an autoantigen-immunized disease that can be transferred to naive animals with CD4+ T cells, but not with antibodies. By contrast, NMO-like astrocyte and myelin pathology can be transferred to mice with AQP4–IgG from NMO patients. This is dependent on complement, and does not require T cells. Consistent with clinical observations that interferon-beta is ineffective as a therapy for NMO, NMO-like pathology is significantly reduced in mice lacking the Type I IFN receptor. In MS, there is evidence for intrathecal synthesis of antibodies as well as blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, whereas in NMO, IgG accesses the CNS from blood. Transfer models involve either direct injection of antibody and complement to the CNS, or experimental manipulations to induce BBB breakdown. We here review studies in MS and NMO that elucidate roles for IgG and complement in the induction of BBB breakdown, astrocytopathy, and demyelinating pathology. These studies point to significance of T-independent effector mechanisms in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Khorooshi
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Nasrin Asgari
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark ; Department of Neurology, Vejle Hospital , Vejle , Denmark
| | - Marlene Thorsen Mørch
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Carsten Tue Berg
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Trevor Owens
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
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228
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Ho LJ, Luo SF, Lai JH. Biological effects of interleukin-6: Clinical applications in autoimmune diseases and cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 97:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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229
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Dimethylfumarate protects against TNF-α-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:49. [PMID: 26246800 PMCID: PMC4525722 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0094-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Inflammation, angiogenesis and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various vascular diseases. Recent evidence suggests that dimethylfumarate (DMF), an antiposriatic and anti-multiple sclerosis agent, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-angiogenic properties. Here, we analyze the influence of DMF on TNF-α-induced expression of the important pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic chemokine MCP-1 and investigate the underlying mechanisms of this expression. Findings We analyzed constitutive and TNF-α-induced expression of MCP-1 in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) +/− DMF treatment via enzyme-linkes immunosorbent assay (ELISA). DMF significantly inhibited the protein expression levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MCP-1 mRNA expression was also reduced in response to DMF, as demonstrated by RT-PCR. Thus, the regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. Interestingly, DMF prolonged the TNF-α-induced p38 and JNK phosphorylation in HUVEC, as demonstrated by Western blot analysis; however, the p38 and JNK inhibitor SB203580 did not affect the DMF-conveyed suppression of TNF-α-induced MCP-1 expression. DMF suppressed the TNF-α-induced nuclear translocation and phosphorylation (Serine 536) of p65 in these cells. These results were additionally approved by p65 luciferase promoter assays. Furthermore, we found that DMF slightly inhibited the early degradation of IκBα. In addition, we verified our results using other important inflammatory cytokines such as CCL-5, PDGF-BB, GM-CSF and IL-6. Conclusion DMF suppresses various TNF-α-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokines/chemokines in human endothelial cells. This action is regulated by reduced p65 activity and nuclear translocation, which can be explained in part by the reduced early degradation of IκBα and more important the reduced phosphorylation of p65 at Serine 536. These effects were independent of the p38, PI3K and p42/44 signaling pathways. As a result, DMF might be suitable for treating patients with vascular diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12950-015-0094-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Quijada P, Salunga HT, Hariharan N, Cubillo JD, El-Sayed FG, Moshref M, Bala KM, Emathinger JM, De La Torre A, Ormachea L, Alvarez R, Gude NA, Sussman MA. Cardiac Stem Cell Hybrids Enhance Myocardial Repair. Circ Res 2015; 117:695-706. [PMID: 26228030 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dual cell transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after infarction improves myocardial repair and performance in large animal models relative to delivery of either cell population. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that CardioChimeras (CCs) formed by fusion between CPCs and MSCs have enhanced reparative potential in a mouse model of myocardial infarction relative to individual stem cells or combined cell delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS Two distinct and clonally derived CCs, CC1 and CC2, were used for this study. CCs improved left ventricular anterior wall thickness at 4 weeks post injury, but only CC1 treatment preserved anterior wall thickness at 18 weeks. Ejection fraction was enhanced at 6 weeks in CCs, and functional improvements were maintained in CCs and CPC+MSC groups at 18 weeks. Infarct size was decreased in CCs, whereas CPC+MSC and CPC parent groups remained unchanged at 12 weeks. CCs exhibited increased persistence, engraftment, and expression of early commitment markers within the border zone relative to combinatorial and individual cell population-injected groups. CCs increased capillary density and preserved cardiomyocyte size in the infarcted regions suggesting CCs role in protective paracrine secretion. CONCLUSIONS CCs merge the application of distinct cells into a single entity for cellular therapeutic intervention in the progression of heart failure. CCs are a novel cell therapy that improves on combinatorial cell approaches to support myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Hazel T Salunga
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Jonathan D Cubillo
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Farid G El-Sayed
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Maryam Moshref
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Kristin M Bala
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Jacqueline M Emathinger
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Lucia Ormachea
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Natalie A Gude
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.).
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Ikeda Y, Takimoto E, Komuro I. SH2B1: a new player in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophic response in failing hearts. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:197-9. [PMID: 26077625 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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232
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Yu L, Wu X, Wei J, Liao Q, Xu L, Luo S, Zeng X, Zhao Y, Lv Z, Wu Z. Preliminary expression profile of cytokines in brain tissue of BALB/c mice with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:328. [PMID: 26070790 PMCID: PMC4476182 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiostrongylus cantonensis (A. cantonensis) infection can result in increased risk of eosinophilic meningitis. Accumulation of eosinophils and inflammation can result in the A. cantonensis infection playing an important role in brain tissue injury during this pathological process. However, underlying mechanisms regarding the transcriptomic responses during brain tissue injury caused by A. cantonensis infection are yet to be elucidated. This study is aimed at identifying some genomic and transcriptomic factors influencing the accumulation of eosinophils and inflammation in the mouse brain infected with A. cantonensis. Methods An infected mouse model was prepared based on our laboratory experimental process, and then the mouse brain RNA Libraries were constructed for deep Sequencing with Illumina Genome Analyzer. The raw data was processed with a bioinformatics’ pipeline including Refseq genes expression analysis using cufflinks, annotation and classification of RNAs, lncRNA prediction as well as analysis of co-expression network. The analysis of Refseq data provides the measure of the presence and prevalence of transcripts from known and previously unknown genes. Results This study showed that Cys-Cys (CC) type chemokines such as CCL2, CCL8, CCL1, CCL24, CCL11, CCL7, CCL12 and CCL5 were elevated significantly at the late phase of infection. The up-regulation of CCL2 indicated that the worm of A. cantonensis had migrated into the mouse brain at an early infection phase. CCL2 could be induced in the brain injury during migration and CCL2 might play a major role in the neuropathic pain caused by A. cantonensis infection. The up-regulated expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 showed Th2 cell predominance in immunopathological reactions at late infection phase in response to infection by A. cantonensis. These different cytokines can modulate and inhibit each other and function as a network with the specific potential to drive brain eosinophilic inflammation. The increase of ATF-3 expression at 21 dpi suggested the injury of neuronal cells at late phase of infection. 1217 new potential lncRNA were candidates of interest for further research. Conclusions These cytokine networks play an important role in the development of central nervous system inflammation caused by A. cantonensis infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0939-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China. .,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Lian Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Siqi Luo
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Advanced Computing Research Laboratory, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, The Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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233
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Moudgil KD. Interplay among cytokines and T cell subsets in the progression and control of immune-mediated diseases. Cytokine 2015; 74:1-4. [PMID: 26026376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines serve as key mediators of inflammation and tissue damage in a variety of immune-mediated disorders. The induction, progression, and resolution of inflammation in such disorders are characterized by a dynamic balance between both the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as the pathogenic and protective T cell subsets. Over the past two decades, the roles of the interleukin-17 (IL-17) /IL-23 axis and the T helper 17 (Th17)/ T regulatory (Treg) cell balance in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and other inflammatory diseases have extensively been analyzed, and their significance validated. However, these studies, coupled with others devoted to well-established Th1/Th2 cytokines, have unraveled some challenging issues including the dual action of cytokines and the plasticity of T cell subsets. Nevertheless, major positive advances have also been made regarding cytokines and T cell subsets as therapeutic targets/agents. In this special issue, "Cytokines in Immune Pathology and Therapy," leading experts have shared their research work and perspectives on the roles of cytokines in the development and control of immune-mediated diseases. An outline of 14 articles in the first volume is presented here. The second volume will follow soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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