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Jyonouchi H, Geng L, Streck DL, Dermody JJ, Toruner GA. MicroRNA expression changes in association with changes in interleukin-1ß/interleukin10 ratios produced by monocytes in autism spectrum disorders: their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms and comorbid conditions (observational study). J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:229. [PMID: 29178897 PMCID: PMC5702092 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a major role in regulating immune responses at post-transcriptional levels. Previously, we have reported fluctuating interlukine-1ß (IL-1ß)/IL-10 ratios produced by peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo) in some patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined whether changes in miRNA expression by PBMo are associated with changes in IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios and how such changes are associated with ASD clinical features. METHODS miRNA expression by purified PBMo from ASD subjects (N = 69) and non-ASD controls (N = 27) were determined by high-throughput sequencing. Cytokine production by PBMo in responses to stimuli of innate immunity, and behavioral symptoms [assessed by aberrant behavioral checklist (ABC)] were also evaluated at the same time of sample obtainment. RESULTS As a whole, there was no difference in miRNA expression between ASD and control non-ASD PBMo. However, when ASD cells were subdivided into 3 groups with high, normal, or low IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios as defined in the "Results" section, in comparison with the data obtained from non-ASD controls, we observed marked changes in miRNA expression. Namely, over 3-fold changes in expression of miR-181a, miR-93, miR-223, miR-342, and miR-1248 were observed in ASD PBMo with high or low IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios, but not in ASD PBMo with normal ratios. These miRNAs that had altered in expression are those closely associated with the regulation of key signaling pathways. With changes in IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios, we also observed changes in the production of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-ß) other than IL-1ß/IL-10 by ASD PBMo. The association between behavioral symptoms and cytokine levels was different when ASD cells exhibit high/low IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios vs. when ASD cells exhibited normal ratios. Non-IgE-mediated food allergy was also observed at higher frequency in ASD subjects with high/low IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios than with normal ratios. CONCLUSIONS Changes in cytokine profiles and miRNA expression by PBMo appear to be associated with changes in ASD behavioral symptoms. miRNAs that are altered in expression in ASD PBMo with high/low IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios are those associated with inflammatory responses. Changes in IL-1ß/IL-10 ratios along with changes in miRNA expression may serve as biomarkers for immune-mediated inflammation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumi Jyonouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital (SPUH), Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 254 Easton Ave., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Lee Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital (SPUH), Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 254 Easton Ave., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Deanna L Streck
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), Newark, NJ, USA
| | - James J Dermody
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School (NJMS), Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Gokce A Toruner
- Clinical cytogenetics/Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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202
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von Hehn C, Howard J, Liu S, Meka V, Pultz J, Mehta D, Prada C, Ray S, Edwards MR, Sheikh SI. Immune response to vaccines is maintained in patients treated with dimethyl fumarate. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2017; 5:e409. [PMID: 29159204 PMCID: PMC5688262 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the immune response to vaccinations in patients with relapsing forms of MS treated with delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) vs nonpegylated interferon (IFN). Methods: In this open-label, multicenter study, patients received 3 vaccinations: (1) tetanus-diphtheria toxoid (Td) to test T-cell–dependent recall response, (2) pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent to test T-cell–independent humoral response, and (3) meningococcal (groups A, C, W-135, and Y) oligosaccharide CRM197 conjugate to test T-cell–dependent neoantigen response. Eligible patients were aged 18–55 years, diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and either treated for ≥6 months with an approved dose of DMF or for ≥3 months with an approved dose of nonpegylated IFN. Primary end point was the proportion of patients with ≥2-fold rise in antitetanus serum IgG levels from prevaccination to 4 weeks after vaccination. Results: Seventy-one patients (DMF treated, 38; IFN treated, 33) were enrolled. The mean age was 45.3 years (range 27–55); 86% were women. Responder rates (≥2-fold rise) to Td vaccination were comparable between DMF- and IFN-treated groups (68% vs 73%). Responder rates (≥2-fold rise) were also similar between DMF- and IFN-treated groups for diphtheria antitoxoid (58% vs 61%), pneumococcal serotype 3 (66% vs 79%), pneumococcal serotype 8 (95% vs 88%), and meningococcal serogroup C (53% vs 53%), all p > 0.05. In a post hoc analysis, no meaningful differences were observed between groups in the proportion of responders when stratified by age category or lymphocyte count. Conclusions: DMF-treated patients mount an immune response to recall, neoantigens, and T-cell–independent antigens, which was comparable with that of IFN-treated patients and provided adequate seroprotection. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02097849. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that patients with RRMS treated with DMF respond to vaccinations comparably with IFN-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian von Hehn
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Howard
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Shifang Liu
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ven Meka
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Joe Pultz
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Devangi Mehta
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Claudia Prada
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Soma Ray
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sarah I Sheikh
- Biogen (C.v.H., S.L., V.M., J.P., D.M., C.P., S.R., M.R.E., S.I.S.), Cambridge, MA; and Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center (J.H.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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203
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Nguyen HT, Minar P, Jackson K, Fulkerson PC. Vaccinations in immunosuppressive-dependent pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7644-7652. [PMID: 29204064 PMCID: PMC5698257 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i42.7644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the vaccination rates in pediatric immunosuppression-dependent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and review the safety and efficacy of vaccinations in this population.
METHODS The electronic medical records from October 2009 to December 2015 of patients diagnosed with IBD at 10 years of age or younger and prescribed anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) therapy were reviewed for clinical history, medication history, vaccination history, and hepatitis B and varicella titers. Literature discussing vaccination response in IBD patients were identified through search of the MEDLINE database and reviewed using the key words “inflammatory bowel disease”, “immunization”, “vaccination”, “pneumococcal”, “varicella”, and “hepatitis B”. Non-human and non-English language studies were excluded. Search results were reviewed by authors to select articles that addressed safety and efficacy of immunizations in inflammatory bowel disease.
RESULTS A total of 51 patients diagnosed with IBD prior to the age of 10 and receiving anti-TNF-α therapy were identified. Thirty-three percent of patients (17/51) had incomplete or no documentation of vaccinations. Sixteen case reports, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and randomized trials were determined through review of the literature to describe the safety and efficacy of hepatitis B, pneumococcal, and varicella immunizations in adult and pediatric patients with IBD. These studies showed that patients safely tolerated the vaccines without significant adverse effects. Importantly, IBD patients receiving immunosuppressive medications, particularly anti-TNF-α treatment, have decreased vaccine response compared to controls. However, the majority of patients are still able to achieve protective levels of specific antibodies.
CONCLUSION Immunizations have been shown to be well-tolerated and protective immunity can be achieved in patients with IBD requiring immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen-Tran Nguyen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Phillip Minar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Kimberly Jackson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Patricia C Fulkerson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
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204
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Pecoraro A, Crescenzi L, Granata F, Genovese A, Spadaro G. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy in primary and secondary antibody deficiency: The correct clinical approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:136-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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205
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Berger M, Geng B, Cameron DW, Murphy LM, Schulman ES. Primary immune deficiency diseases as unrecognized causes of chronic respiratory disease. Respir Med 2017; 132:181-188. [PMID: 29229095 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of all primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDD) affect antibody production and are well known as causes of recurrent sinusitis and lung infections. Chronic and recurrent infections of the upper and/or lower airways can contribute to inflammatory and obstructive processes in the lower airways which are initially reversible and considered "asthma", but can eventually cause irreversible remodeling and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conversely, several lines of evidence suggest that many patients who present with a diagnosis of asthma have an increased incidence of infection, suggesting underlying host-defense defects. Asthma and respiratory infections in the first decades of life are recognized as risk factors for development of COPD, but when patients present with COPD as adults, underlying primary immune deficiency disease may be unrecognized. MAIN FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Detection of PIDD as a potentially treatable underlying contributor to recurrent/acute exacerbations and morbidity of COPD, and provision of immunoglobulin (Ig) G replacement therapy, when appropriate, may decrease the progression of COPD. Decreasing the severity and rate of exacerbations and admissions should improve the quality of life and longevity of an important subset of patients with COPD, while decreasing costs. Major steps toward achieving these goals include developing a high index of suspicion, more frequent use and appropriate interpretation of screening tests such as quantitative immunoglobulins and vaccine responses, and prompt institution of IgG replacement therapy when antibody deficiency has been diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Berger
- CSL Behring, 1020 First Avenue, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA.
| | - Bob Geng
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 200W Arbor Dr Frnt, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
| | - D William Cameron
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | | | - Edward S Schulman
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, 219 N. Broad Street, The Arnold T. Berman MD Building, 9th Floor, Philadelphia 19107, USA.
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206
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Selenius JS, Martelius T, Pikkarainen S, Siitonen S, Mattila E, Pietikäinen R, Suomalainen P, Aalto AH, Saarela J, Einarsdottir E, Järvinen A, Färkkilä M, Kere J, Seppänen M. Unexpectedly High Prevalence of Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Finland. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1190. [PMID: 29033928 PMCID: PMC5625003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Prevalence varies greatly between countries and studies. Most diagnostic criteria include hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired vaccine response. AIM To evaluate the minimum prevalence as well as the clinical and immunological phenotypes of CVID in Southern Finland. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study to assess all adult CVID patients followed up in three hospital districts in Southern and South-Eastern Finland between April 2007 and August 2015. CVID diagnosis was based, with a minor modification, on the ESID/PAGID criteria for primary CVID. Antipolysaccharide responses to Pneumovax® were defined as impaired only if 50% or more of the serotypes did not reach a level of 0.35 µg/mL after vaccination. We further characterized the patients' B cell phenotypes and complications associated with CVID. RESULTS In total, 9 patients were excluded due to potential secondary causes before diagnosis. ESID/PAGID criteria were met by 132 patients (males 52%), of whom, 106 had "probable" and 26 "possible CVID." Based on the population statistics in the three hospital districts, the minimum adult prevalence per 100,000 inhabitants in Finland for all CVID ("probable CVID," respectively) patients was 6.9 (5.5). In the highest prevalence district (Helsinki and Uusimaa), the prevalence was 7.7 (6.1). CVID patients suffer from frequent complications. Ten patients died during follow-up. Of probable CVID patients, 73% had more than one clinical phenotype. Intriguingly, gradual B cell loss from peripheral blood during follow-up was seen in as many as 16% of "probable CVID" patients. Patients with possible CVID displayed somewhat milder clinical and laboratory phenotypes than probable CVID patients. We also confirm that large granular lymphocyte lymphoproliferation is a CVID-associated complication. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CVID in Finland appears the highest recorded, likely reflecting the genetic isolation and potential founder effects in the Finnish population. Studies to discover potential gene variants responsible for the high prevalence in Finland thus seem warranted. Increased awareness of CVID among physicians would likely lead to earlier diagnosis and improved quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannica S Selenius
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timi Martelius
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Pikkarainen
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Siitonen
- Laboratory Services, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mattila
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Pietikäinen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland
| | - Pekka Suomalainen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Karelia Central Hospital, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Arja H Aalto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, South Karelia Central Hospital, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Lappeenranta, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asko Järvinen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Rare Disease Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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207
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A novel IKAROS haploinsufficiency kindred with unexpectedly late and variable B-cell maturation defects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:432-435.e7. [PMID: 28927821 PMCID: PMC6588539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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208
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Rákóczi É, Szekanecz Z. Pneumococcal vaccination in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. RMD Open 2017; 3:e000484. [PMID: 28955497 PMCID: PMC5604716 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of the community-acquired pneumonia. The mortality rate of invasive pneumococcal infections is high. Immunocompromised patients suffering from autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) have a high risk for acquiring these infections. Protection against infection can be improved with vaccination. After using polysaccharide vaccines (PPV-23), in July 2013, a 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) was approved for adults. Due to its conjugate form, this vaccine is the recommended choice in pneumococcal vaccine-naive patients. PCV-13 is also recommended in patients previously receiving PPV-23. Vaccination in AIRD is very important and needs deliberate scheduling to coordinate with the immunosuppressive therapy. Here, based on international and national vaccine guidelines, we provide a current review of PPV-23 and PCV-13 vaccines for specialists following patients with AIRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Rákóczi
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Kenézy University Hospital, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Szekanecz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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209
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Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination response in patients after community-acquired pneumonia, differences in patients with S. pneumoniae versus other pathogens. Vaccine 2017; 35:4886-4895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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210
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Perkins T, Rosenberg JM, Le Coz C, Alaimo JT, Trofa M, Mullegama SV, Antaya RJ, Jyonouchi S, Elsea SH, Utz PJ, Meffre E, Romberg N. Smith-Magenis Syndrome Patients Often Display Antibody Deficiency but Not Other Immune Pathologies. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1344-1350.e3. [PMID: 28286158 PMCID: PMC5591748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex neurobehavioral disorder associated with recurrent otitis. Most SMS cases result from heterozygous interstitial chromosome 17p11.2 deletions that encompass not only the intellectual disability gene retinoic acid-induced 1 but also other genes associated with immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, and/or malignancy. OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to describe the immunological consequence of 17p11.2 deletions by determining the prevalence of immunological diseases in subjects with SMS and by assessing their immune systems via laboratory methods. METHODS We assessed clinical histories of 76 subjects with SMS with heterozygous 17p11.2 deletions and performed in-depth immunological testing on 25 representative cohort members. Laboratory testing included determination of serum antibody concentrations, vaccine titers, and lymphocyte subset frequencies. Detailed reactivity profiles of SMS serum antibodies were performed using custom-made antigen microarrays. RESULTS Of 76 subjects with SMS, 74 reported recurrent infections including otitis (88%), pneumonia (47%), sinusitis (42%), and gastroenteritis (34%). Infections were associated with worsening SMS-related neurobehavioral symptoms. The prevalence of autoimmune and atopic diseases was not increased. Malignancy was not reported. Laboratory evaluation revealed most subjects with SMS to be deficient of isotype-switched memory B cells and many to lack protective antipneumococcal antibodies. SMS antibodies were not more reactive than control antibodies to self-antigens. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SMS with heterozygous 17p.11.2 deletions display an increased susceptibility to sinopulmonary infections, but not to autoimmune, allergic, or malignant diseases. SMS sera display an antibody reactivity profile favoring neither recognition of pathogen-associated antigens nor self-antigens. Prophylactic strategies to prevent infections may also provide neurobehavioral benefits to selected patients with SMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Perkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jacob M Rosenberg
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Carole Le Coz
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Joseph T Alaimo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Melissa Trofa
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Sureni V Mullegama
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Richard J Antaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Soma Jyonouchi
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Paul J Utz
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Penn.
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211
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Westh L, Mogensen TH, Dalgaard LS, Bernth Jensen JM, Katzenstein T, Hansen ABE, Larsen OD, Terpling S, Nielsen TL, Larsen CS. Identification and Characterization of a Nationwide Danish Adult Common Variable Immunodeficiency Cohort. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:450-461. [PMID: 28370285 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified all adults living in Denmark diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and characterized them according to clinical presentation and EUROclass classification. Using a retrospective, cross-sectional design, possible CVID patients were identified in the Danish National Patient Register and Centers in Denmark treating patients with primary immunodeficiencies. The CVID diagnosis was verified by review of medical records. One-hundred-seventy-nine adults with CVID were identified. This corresponds to a prevalence of 1:26,000. The median age at onset of symptoms was 29 years with no sex difference. The median age at diagnosis was 40 years. Males were diagnosed earlier with a peak in the fourth decade of life, whereas females were diagnosed later with a peak in the sixth decade. The median diagnostic delay was seven years. Recurrent sinopulmonary infections were seen in 92.7% of the patients. The prevalence of non-infectious complications was similar to that of previously reported cohorts: bronchiectasis (35.8%), splenomegaly (22.4%), lymphadenopathy (26.3%), granulomatous inflammation (3.9%) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (14.5%). Non-infectious complications were strongly associated with B cell phenotype, with all having a reduced number of isotype-switched memory B cells. One-hundred-seventy (95%) were treated with immunoglobulin replacement therapy, primarily administered subcutaneously. According to international guidelines, diagnostic evaluation was inadequate in most cases. This study emphasizes the need for improved diagnostic criteria and more awareness of CVID as a differential diagnosis. Diagnosis and management of CVID patients is a challenge requiring specialists with experience in the field of PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Westh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.,International Center of Immunodeficiency Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L S Dalgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J M Bernth Jensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Katzenstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A-B E Hansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O D Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Terpling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T L Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, North Sealand Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - C S Larsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.,International Center of Immunodeficiency Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
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212
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Keswani A, Dunn NM, Manzur A, Kashani S, Bossuyt X, Grammer LC, Conley DB, Tan BK, Kern RC, Schleimer RP, Peters AT. The Clinical Significance of Specific Antibody Deficiency (SAD) Severity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2017; 5:1105-1111. [PMID: 28132798 PMCID: PMC5503775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased identification of specific antibody deficiency (SAD) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), little is known about the relationship between SAD severity and the severity and comorbidities of CRS. The prevalence of an impaired antibody response in the general population is also unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine if the SAD severity stratification applies to real-life data of patients with CRS. METHODS An electronic health record database was used to identify patients with CRS evaluated for humoral immunodeficiency with quantitative immunoglobulins and Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody titers before and after pneumococcal vaccine. SAD severity was defined, according to the guidelines, based on the numbers of titers ≥1.3 μg/dL after vaccination: severe (≤2 serotypes), moderate (3-6 serotypes), and mild (7-10 serotypes). Comorbidities and therapeutic response were assessed. The prevalence of an impaired antibody response in a normal population was assessed. RESULTS Twenty-four percent of the patients with CRS evaluated for immunodeficiency had SAD, whereas 11% of a normal population had an impaired immune response to polysaccharide vaccination (P < .05). When evaluated by the practice parameter definition, 239 of 595 (40%) met the definition of SAD. Twenty-four (10%) had severe SAD, 120 (50%) had moderate SAD, and 95 (40%) had mild SAD. Patients with moderate-to-severe SAD had worse asthma, a greater likelihood of pneumonia, and more antibiotic courses in the 2 years after vaccination than patients with mild SAD. CONCLUSIONS This study provides real world data supporting stratification of SAD by severity, demonstrating a significant increase in the comorbid severity of asthma and infections in CRS patients with moderate-to-severe SAD compared with those with mild SAD and those without SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjeni Keswani
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Neha M Dunn
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Angelica Manzur
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Sara Kashani
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Experimental Laboratory Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - David B Conley
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert C Kern
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Anju T Peters
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
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213
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Kumarage J, Seneviratne SL, Senaratne V, Fernando A, Gunasekera K, Gunasena B, Gurugama P, Peiris S, Parker AR, Harding S, de Silva NR. The response to Typhi Vi vaccination is compromised in individuals with primary immunodeficiency. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00333. [PMID: 28721392 PMCID: PMC5486435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of an individuals ability to respond to polysaccharide antigens is a crucial test to determine adaptive immunity. Currently the response to Pneumovax® is utilized but with the success of Prevnar®, measurement of the response to Pneumovax may be challenging. The aim of the study was to assess the response to Typhi Vi vaccination in both children and adult control groups and patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID). In the control groups, >95% of the individuals had pre Typhi Vi vaccination concentrations <100 U/mL and there was significant increase in concentration post Typhi Vi vaccination (p<0.0001) with>94% achieving ≥3 fold increase in concentration (FI). The response to Typhi Vi vaccination was significantly lower in both children (p = 0.006) and adult (p = 0.002) PID groups when compared to their control groups. 11% and 55% of the children and adult PID groups respectively did not obtain a response >3FI. There were no significant differences between the responses obtained in the children and adult PID groups. When all individuals with PID were separated into those with either hypogammaglobulinemia (HYPO) or common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), both groups had a significantly lower median FI than the control group (19, 95%CI 5–56 vs 59, 95%CI 7–237; p = 0.01 and 1, 95%CI 1–56 vs 32, 95%CI 5–136; p = 0.005). Further, a >3FI differentiated the antibody responses between both the CVID and HYPO groups and their control groups (AUC: 0.83, 95%CI: 0.65–1.00, p = 0.005 and 0.81, 95% CI: 0.65–0.97, p = 0.01). The data suggests that measurement of the response to Typhi Vi vaccination could represent a complementary assay for the assessment of the response to a polysaccharide vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevani Kumarage
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Amitha Fernando
- National Hospital of Sri Lanka/Central Chest Clinic, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kirthi Gunasekera
- National Hospital of Sri Lanka/Central Chest Clinic, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Walisara, Sri Lanka
| | - Padmalal Gurugama
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills road, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Antony R Parker
- The Binding Site Group Limited, 8 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 1QT, UK
| | - Stephen Harding
- The Binding Site Group Limited, 8 Calthorpe Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 1QT, UK
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214
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Echeverría de Carlos A, Gómez de la Torre R, García Carus E, Caminal Montero L, Bernardino Díaz López J, Suárez Casado H, Molinos Matin L, Tricas Aizpún L, Harding S, Parker AR. Concentrations of Pneumococcal IgA and IgM are compromised in some individuals with antibody deficiencies. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 38:505-513. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1337641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique García Carus
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Luis Caminal Montero
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Hector Suárez Casado
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Carmen y Severo Ochoa, Cangas del Narcea, Spain
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215
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Parker A, Irure Ventura J, Sims D, Echeverría de Carlos A, Gómez de la Torre R, Tricas Aizpún L, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, López-Hoyos M, Wallis G, Harding S. Measurement of the IgG2 response to Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides may identify an antibody deficiency in individuals referred for immunological investigation. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2017; 38:514-522. [PMID: 28613137 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2017.1340897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
IgG2 is the most efficient subclass for providing protection against pneumococcal pathogens. We hypothesised that some individuals may be unable to mount an effective pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) IgG2 response despite having a normal PCP IgG concentration (PCP IgG2 deficient). The median pre-vaccination PCP IgG2 concentration was significantly lower in individuals referred for immunological investigation compared to healthy controls (2.8 mg/L range, 95% CI 1.1-88 vs. 29.5mg/L, 95% CI 13.5-90, p = 0.0002). PCP IgG:IgG2 ratios were significantly higher for the referral population than for healthy controls suggesting the increased production of PCP specific subclasses other than IgG2. The percentage of individuals with PCP IgG2 deficiency was significantly higher in referral groups compared to controls (31% vs. 5%; p = 0.0009) and in an individual with PCP IgG2 deficiency, the balance of PCP specific IgG subclass antibodies post vaccination changed from IgG2>IgG1>IgG3>IgG4 to IgG1>IgG3>IgG2>IgG4. The median PCP IgG2 concentration in those with PCP IgG2 deficiency was significantly lower in the referral groups compared to controls (7.8 mg/L, 95% CI 1.1-12 vs. 12.7 mg/L, 95% CI 11.8-13.1; p = 0.006). The data suggests a defect in the production PCP IgG2 may be present in individuals with normal PCP IgG referred for immunological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Parker
- a The Binding Site Group Limited , Edgbaston , Birmingham
| | - Juan Irure Ventura
- b Immunology Department , Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - Dawn Sims
- a The Binding Site Group Limited , Edgbaston , Birmingham
| | | | | | - Lourdes Tricas Aizpún
- c Immnunology Department , Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias , Oviedo , Spain
| | - J Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals
- b Immunology Department , Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- b Immunology Department , Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL , Santander , Spain
| | - Gregg Wallis
- a The Binding Site Group Limited , Edgbaston , Birmingham
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216
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Perez E, Bonilla FA, Orange JS, Ballow M. Specific Antibody Deficiency: Controversies in Diagnosis and Management. Front Immunol 2017; 8:586. [PMID: 28588580 PMCID: PMC5439175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific antibody deficiency (SAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by normal immunoglobulins (Igs), IgA, IgM, total IgG, and IgG subclass levels, but with recurrent infection and diminished antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens following vaccination. There is a lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SAD, and its clinical significance is not well understood. Here, we discuss current evidence and challenges regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SAD. SAD is normally diagnosed by determining protective titers in response to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. However, the definition of an adequate response to immunization remains controversial, including the magnitude of response and number of pneumococcal serotypes needed to determine a normal response. Confounding these issues, anti-polysaccharide antibody responses are age- and probably serotype dependent. Therapeutic strategies and options for patients with SAD are often based on clinical experience due to the lack of focused studies and absence of a robust case definition. The mainstay of therapy for patients with SAD is antibiotic prophylaxis. However, there is no consensus regarding the frequency and severity of infections warranting antibiotic prophylaxis and no standardized regimens and no studies of efficacy. Published expert guidelines and opinions have recommended IgG therapy, which are supported by observations from retrospective studies, although definitive data are lacking. In summary, there is currently a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy of therapeutic strategies for patients with SAD. We believe that it is best to approach each patient as an individual and progress through diagnostic and therapeutic interventions together with existing practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Perez
- Allergy Associates of the Palm Beaches, North Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Jordan S. Orange
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Ballow
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, USA
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217
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Schaballie H, Bosch B, Schrijvers R, Proesmans M, De Boeck K, Boon MN, Vermeulen F, Lorent N, Dillaerts D, Frans G, Moens L, Derdelinckx I, Peetermans W, Kantsø B, Jørgensen CS, Emonds MP, Bossuyt X, Meyts I. Fifth Percentile Cutoff Values for Antipneumococcal Polysaccharide and Anti- Salmonella typhi Vi IgG Describe a Normal Polysaccharide Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:546. [PMID: 28553290 PMCID: PMC5427071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serotype-specific antibody responses to unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) evaluated by a World Health Organization (WHO)-standardized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the gold standard for diagnosis of specific polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SAD). The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) has proposed guidelines to interpret the PPV response measured by ELISA, but these are based on limited evidence. Additionally, ELISA is costly and labor-intensive. Measurement of antibody response to Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) Vi vaccine and serum allohemagglutinins (AHA) have been suggested as alternatives. However, there are no large cohort studies and cutoff values are lacking. Objective To establish cutoff values for antipneumococcal polysaccharide antibody response, anti-S. typhi Vi antibody, and AHA. Methods One hundred healthy subjects (10–55 years) were vaccinated with PPV and S. typhi Vi vaccine. Blood samples were obtained prior to and 3–4 weeks after vaccination. Polysaccharide responses to 3 serotypes were measured by WHO ELISA and to 12 serotypes by an in-house bead-based multiplex assay. Anti-S. typhi Vi IgG were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. AHA were measured by agglutination method. Results Applying AAAAI criteria, 30% of healthy subjects had a SAD. Using serotype-specific fifth percentile (p5) cutoff values for postvaccination IgG and fold increase pre- over postvaccination, only 4% of subjects had SAD. One-sided 95% prediction intervals for anti-S. typhi Vi postvaccination IgG (≥11.2 U/ml) and fold increase (≥2) were established. Eight percent had a response to S. typhi Vi vaccine below these cutoffs. AHA titer p5 cutoffs were ½ for anti-B and ¼ for anti-A. Conclusion We establish reference cutoff values for interpretation of PPV response measured by bead-based assay, cutoff values for S. typhi Vi vaccine responses, and normal values for AHA. For the first time, the intraindividual consistency of all three methods is studied in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Schaballie
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Barbara Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,St. Giles Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Proesmans
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris De Boeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Nelly Boon
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Natalie Lorent
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Doreen Dillaerts
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glynis Frans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Moens
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Derdelinckx
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Peetermans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bjørn Kantsø
- Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marie-Paule Emonds
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetic Laboratory, Red Cross Flanders, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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218
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Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia after rituximab therapy. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2017; 29:228-233. [DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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219
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Repeat pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Indigenous Australian adults is associated with decreased immune responsiveness. Vaccine 2017; 35:2908-2915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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220
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Wong GK, Heather JM, Barmettler S, Cobbold M. Immune dysregulation in immunodeficiency disorders: The role of T-cell receptor sequencing. J Autoimmun 2017; 80:1-9. [PMID: 28400082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation is a prominent feature of primary immunodeficiency disorders, which commonly manifested as autoimmunity, cytopenias and inflammatory bowel disease. In partial T-cell immunodeficiency disorders, it has been proposed that the imbalance between effector and regulatory T-cells drives the breakdown of peripheral tolerance. While there is no robust test for immune dysregulation, the T-cell receptor repertoire is used as a surrogate marker, and has been shown to be perturbed in a number of immunodeficiency disorders featuring immune dysregulation including Omenn's Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency. This review discusses how recent advances in TCR next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have led to the in-depth characterization of CDR3 sequences and an exponential growth in examinable parameters. Specifically, we highlight the use of junctional diversity as a means to differentiate intrinsic T-cell defects from secondary causes of repertoire perturbation in primary immunodeficiency disorders. However, key questions, such as the identity of antigenic targets for large, expanded T-cell clonotypes, remain unanswered despite the fact that such clones are likely to play a pathogenic role in driving immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. Finally, we discuss a number of emerging technologies such as in silico reconstruction, high-throughput pairwise αβ sequencing and single-cell RNAseq that offer the potential to define the antigenic epitope and function of a given T-cell, thereby enhancing our understanding in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel K Wong
- Institute of Immunology and Immunontherapy, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK; UCB Pharma, Slough, Berkshire, SL1 3WE, UK
| | - James M Heather
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sara Barmettler
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mark Cobbold
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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221
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Meesilpavikkai K, Dik WA, Schrijver B, Nagtzaam NMA, van Rijswijk A, Driessen GJ, van der Spek PJ, van Hagen PM, Dalm VASH. A Novel Heterozygous Mutation in the STAT1 SH2 Domain Causes Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, Atypically Diverse Infections, Autoimmunity, and Impaired Cytokine Regulation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:274. [PMID: 28348565 PMCID: PMC5346540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by persistent or recurrent skin and mucosal surface infections with Candida species. Different gene mutations leading to CMC have been identified. These include various heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) that are not only associated with infections but also with autoimmune manifestations. Recently, two STAT1 GOF mutations involving the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain have been reported, while so far, over 50 mutations have been described mainly in the coiled coil and the DNA-binding domains. Here, we present two members of a Dutch family with a novel STAT1 mutation located in the SH2 domain. T lymphocytes of these patients revealed STAT1 hyperphosphorylation and higher expression of STAT1 target genes. The clinical picture of CMC in our patients could be explained by diminished production of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, cytokines important in the protection against fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornvalee Meesilpavikkai
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Schrijver
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole M A Nagtzaam
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angelique van Rijswijk
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J Driessen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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222
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Poowuttikul P, McGrath E, Kamat D. Deficit of Anterior Pituitary Function and Variable Immune Deficiency Syndrome: A Novel Mutation. Glob Pediatr Health 2017; 4:2333794X16686870. [PMID: 28229099 PMCID: PMC5308421 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x16686870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavadee Poowuttikul
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric McGrath
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Deepak Kamat
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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223
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Abghari PF, Poowuttikul P, Secord E. Pneumococcal Antibody Titers: A Comparison of Patients Receiving Intravenous Immunoglobulin Versus Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin. Glob Pediatr Health 2017; 4:2333794X16689639. [PMID: 28321436 PMCID: PMC5347419 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x16689639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Immunoglobulin replacement is the mainstay treatment in patients with humoral immunodeficiencies, yet a handful of patients continue to develop sinopulmonary infections while on therapy. The objective of our study was to compare immunoglobulin G (IgG) pneumococcal antibody levels in patients with humoral immune deficiencies who have been on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement for at least 1 year to those on subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) therapy for at least 1 year. Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed on 28 patients. These patients' ages ranged between 1 and 61 years. Pneumococcal serotype titers obtained at least 1 year after initiating therapy were compared between patients on IVIG (19 patients) and SCIG (9 patients). Results: A comparison between the groups demonstrated that SCIG achieved a higher percentage of serotype titers protective for noninvasive disease (≥1.3) and 100% protection for invasive disease (≥0.2). Our data also demonstrated a similar lack of protection (less than 50% ≥1.3) in 9N, 12F, and 23F on IVIG and 4, 9N, 12F, and 23F on SCIG. Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that serotypes 1, 3, 4, 9N, 12F, and 23F exhibited the lowest random IgG means while on IVIG, which was comparable to other published studies that looked at the mean IgG levels. In addition, our retrospective chart review demonstrated a greater number of therapeutic pneumococcal titers with SCIG in comparison to IVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella F. Abghari
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Pamella F. Abghari, Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, 3950 Beaubien St, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Pavadee Poowuttikul
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Secord
- Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit MI, USA
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Antibody deficiency in patients with frequent exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172437. [PMID: 28212436 PMCID: PMC5315316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is the third leading cause of death in the US, and is associated with periodic exacerbations, which account for the largest proportion of health care utilization, and lead to significant morbidity, mortality, and worsening lung function. A subset of patients with COPD have frequent exacerbations, occurring 2 or more times per year. Despite many interventions to reduce COPD exacerbations, there is a significant lack of knowledge in regards to their mechanisms and predisposing factors. We describe here an important observation that defines antibody deficiency as a potential risk factor for frequent COPD exacerbations. We report a case series of patients who have frequent COPD exacerbations, and who were found to have an underlying primary antibody deficiency syndrome. We also report on the outcome of COPD exacerbations following treatment in a subset with of these patients with antibody deficiency. We identified patients with COPD who had 2 or more moderate to severe exacerbations per year; immune evaluation including serum immunoglobulin levels and pneumococcal IgG titers was performed. Patients diagnosed with an antibody deficiency syndrome were treated with either immunoglobulin replacement therapy or prophylactic antibiotics, and their COPD exacerbations were monitored over time. A total of 42 patients were identified who had 2 or more moderate to severe COPD exacerbations per year. Twenty-nine patients had an underlying antibody deficiency syndrome: common variable immunodeficiency (8), specific antibody deficiency (20), and selective IgA deficiency (1). Twenty-two patients had a follow-up for at least 1 year after treatment of their antibody deficiency, which resulted in a significant reduction of COPD exacerbations, courses of oral corticosteroid use and cumulative annual dose of oral corticosteroid use, rescue antibiotic use, and hospitalizations for COPD exacerbations. This case series identifies antibody deficiency as a potentially treatable risk factor for frequent COPD exacerbations; testing for antibody deficiency should be considered in difficult to manage frequently exacerbating COPD patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to further test this hypothesis.
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225
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Jolles S, Chapel H, Litzman J. When to initiate immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT) in antibody deficiency: a practical approach. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:333-341. [PMID: 28000208 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary antibody deficiencies (PAD) constitute the majority of all primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) and immunoglobulin replacement forms the mainstay of therapy for many patients in this category. Secondary antibody deficiencies (SAD) represent a larger and expanding number of patients resulting from the use of a wide range of immunosuppressive therapies, in particular those targeting B cells, and may also result from renal or gastrointestinal immunoglobulin losses. While there are clear similarities between primary and secondary antibody deficiencies, there are also significant differences. This review describes a practical approach to the clinical, laboratory and radiological assessment of patients with antibody deficiency, focusing on the factors that determine whether or not immunoglobulin replacement should be used. The decision to treat is more straightforward when defined diagnostic criteria for some of the major PADs, such as common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) or X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA), are fulfilled or, indeed, when there is a very low level of immunoglobulin production in association with an increased frequency of severe or recurrent infections in SAD. However, the presentation of many patients is less clear-cut and represents a considerable challenge in terms of the decision whether or not to treat and the best way in which to assess the outcome of therapy. This decision is important, not least to improve individual quality of life and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with recurrent infections but also to avoid inappropriate exposure to blood products and to ensure that immunoglobulin, a costly and limited resource, is used to maximal benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, Department of Immunology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - H Chapel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J Litzman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St Annes's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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226
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Perez EE, Orange JS, Bonilla F, Chinen J, Chinn IK, Dorsey M, El-Gamal Y, Harville TO, Hossny E, Mazer B, Nelson R, Secord E, Jordan SC, Stiehm ER, Vo AA, Ballow M. Update on the use of immunoglobulin in human disease: A review of evidence. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:S1-S46. [PMID: 28041678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous or subcutaneous administration are the cornerstone of treatment in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases affecting the humoral immune system. Intravenous preparations have a number of important uses in the treatment of other diseases in humans as well, some for which acceptable treatment alternatives do not exist. We provide an update of the evidence-based guideline on immunoglobulin therapy, last published in 2006. Given the potential risks and inherent scarcity of human immunoglobulin, careful consideration of its indications and administration is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Perez
- Allergy Associates of the Palm Beaches, North Palm Beach, Fla.
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Francisco Bonilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Immunology Program, Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Javier Chinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Morna Dorsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy, Immunology and BMT Division, Benioff Children's Hospital and University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Yehia El-Gamal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital and Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Terry O Harville
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Services and Pediatrics, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, Ark
| | - Elham Hossny
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children's Hospital and Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bruce Mazer
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology, Montreal Children's Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Nelson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Riley Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine and the IU Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Elizabeth Secord
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Mich
| | - Stanley C Jordan
- Nephrology & Transplant Immunology, Kidney Transplant Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - E Richard Stiehm
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Ashley A Vo
- Transplant Immunotherapy Program, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Kidney Transplant Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Mark Ballow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Fla
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227
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Abstract
Antibody deficiencies can occur in the context of primary disorders due to inherited genetic defects; however, secondary immune disorders are far more prevalent and can be caused by various diseases and their treatment, certain medications and surgical procedures. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing infections, morbidity and mortality in primary antibody deficiencies but secondary antibody deficiencies are in general poorly defined and there are no guidelines for the management of patients with this condition. Clinical decisions are based on experience from primary antibody deficiencies. Both primary and secondary antibody deficiencies can be associated with infections, immune dysregulation and end-organ damage, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat these patients promptly to minimise adverse effects and improve quality of life. We focus on secondary antibody deficiency and describe the causes, diagnosis and treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Srivastava
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Philip Wood
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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228
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Wasserman RL. The Nuts and Bolts of Immunoglobulin Treatment for Antibody Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2016; 4:1076-1081.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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229
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Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Oman: 10-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Immunol 2016; 36:785-792. [PMID: 27699572 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-016-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary immunodeficiency (PID) diseases are rare, complex medical disorders that often are overlooked in clinical settings. There are emerging reports of PID from Middle Eastern populations. This study describes the features of PID patients in a tertiary care setting in Oman and compares them with regional and worldwide reports. METHOD Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) is an academic tertiary care-level hospital for specialized healthcare, including PID patients. At the time of diagnosis, patients' sociodemographics, clinical features, laboratory investigations, and management were entered in electronic form. This study included patients seen between August 2005 and July 2015. RESULTS One hundred forty patients were registered with a minimum estimated population prevalence of 7.0/100,000. The male/female ratio was 1.6:1, the median age of onset of symptoms was 8 months, and diagnosis was 21 months with a delay of 13 months. Family history was positive in 44 %, consanguinity was present in 76 %, death of a previous sibling was present in 36 %, and there was an overall mortality in 18 %, with an 85 % probability of survival 10 years following diagnosis. The most common type of immunodeficiency was phagocytic disorders (35.0 %), followed by predominantly antibody disorders (20.7 %), combined immunodeficiency (17.8 %), other well-defined PID syndromes (15.0 %), immune dysregulation syndromes (3.5 %), complement deficiencies (3.5 %), and unclassified immunodeficiency (4.2 %). The commonest presenting infection was pneumonia (47.1 %). CONCLUSION PID is not a rare condition in Oman. The prevalence is in concordance with reports from the region but higher than in Western populations. The findings of the current study would help to improve the awareness and management of, and policy making for PID.
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Abstract
Vaccination is a biological process that administrates antigenic materials to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop immunity to a specific pathogen. It is the most effective tool to prevent illness and death from infectious diseases or diseases leading to cancers. Because many recombinant and synthetic antigens are poorly immunogenic, adjuvant is essentially added to vaccine formula that can potentiate the immune responses, offer better protection against pathogens and reduce the amount of antigens needed for protective immunity. To date, there are nearly 100 different types of adjuvants associated with about 400 vaccines that are either commercially available or under development. Among these adjuvants, many of them are particulates and nano-scale in nature. Nanoparticles represent a wide range of materials with novel physicochemical properties that exhibit immunostimulatory effects. However, the mechanistic understandings on how their physicochemical properties affect immunopotentiation remain elusive. In this article, we aim to review current development status of nanomaterial-based vaccine adjuvants, and further discuss their acting mechanisms, understanding of which will benefit the rational design of effective vaccine adjuvants with improved immunogenicity for prevention of infectious disease as well as therapeutic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEIN), California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
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231
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Sadlier C, O’Dea S, Bennett K, Dunne J, Conlon N, Bergin C. Immunological efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine strategies in HIV-infected adults: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32076. [PMID: 27580688 PMCID: PMC5007521 DOI: 10.1038/srep32076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the immunologic response to a prime-boost immunization strategy combining the 13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) with the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PPSV23) versus the PPSV23 alone in HIV-infected adults. HIV-infected adults were randomized to receive PCV13 at week 0 followed by PPSV23 at week 4 (n = 31, prime-boost group) or PPSV23 alone at week 4 (n = 33, PPSV23-alone group). Serotype specific IgG geometric mean concentration (GMC) and functional oposonophagocytic (OPA) geometric mean titer (GMT) were compared for 12 pneumococcal serotypes shared by both vaccines at week 8 and week 28. The prime-boost vaccine group were more likely to achieve a ≥2-fold increase in IgG GMC and a GMC >1 ug/ml at week 8 (odds ratio (OR) 2.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-2.74, p < 0.01) and week 28 (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.40-2.70, p < 0.01). Similarly, the prime-boost vaccine group were more likely to achieve a ≥4-fold increase in GMT at week 8 (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.22-2.39, p < 0.01) and week 28 (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.15-2.3, p < 0.01). This study adds to evidence supporting current pneumococcal vaccination recommendations combining the conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines in the United States and Europe for HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Sadlier
- Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE), St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S. O’Dea
- Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE), St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K. Bennett
- Population Health Sciences Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J. Dunne
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N. Conlon
- Department of Immunology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Bergin
- Department of GU Medicine and Infectious Diseases (GUIDE), St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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232
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Sánchez-Ramón S, Dhalla F, Chapel H. Challenges in the Role of Gammaglobulin Replacement Therapy and Vaccination Strategies for Hematological Malignancy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:317. [PMID: 27597852 PMCID: PMC4993076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM) are prone to present with antibody production deficits associated with recurrent or severe bacterial infections that might benefit from human immunoglobulin (Ig) (IVIg/SCIg) replacement therapy. However, the original IVIg trial data were done before modern therapies were available, and the current indications do not take into account the shift in the immune situation of current treatment combinations and changes in the spectrum of infections. Besides, patients affected by other B cell malignancies present with similar immunodeficiency and manifestations while they are not covered by the current IVIg indications. A potential beneficial strategy could be to vaccinate patients at monoclonal B lymphocytosis and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance stages (for CLL and MM, respectively) or at B-cell malignancy diagnosis, when better antibody responses are attained. We have to re-emphasize the need for assessing and monitoring specific antibody responses; these are warranted to select adequately those patients for whom early intervention with prophylactic anti-infective therapy and/or IVIg is preferred. This review provides an overview of the current scenario, with a focus on prevention of infection in patients with hematological malignancies and the role of Ig replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sánchez-Ramón
- Department of Clinical Immunology and IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Microbiology I, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Dhalla
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Immunology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Chapel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Clinical Immunology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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233
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Chiarella SE, Grammer LC. Immune deficiency in chronic rhinosinusitis: screening and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 13:117-123. [PMID: 27500811 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2016.1216790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease with a high annual cost of treatment. Immune deficiencies are more common in individuals with CRS and should be especially considered in those patients who are refractory to medical and surgical therapy. Areas covered: We performed a literature search in PubMed of the terms "immunodeficiency" and "sinusitis" or "rhinosinusitis" from 2006 through March 2016. All abstracts were reviewed to determine if they pertained to human disease; relevant articles were evaluated in their entirety and included in this review. Expert commentary: CRS is a common disease; in those patients with frequent exacerbations or who are refractory to treatment, an immunodeficiency evaluation should be considered. Treatment includes vaccination, antibiotic therapy, immunoglobulin replacement and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Chiarella
- a Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Leslie C Grammer
- a Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine , Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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234
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Sánchez-Ramón S, de Gracia J, García-Alonso AM, Rodríguez Molina JJ, Melero J, de Andrés A, García Ruiz de Morales JM, Ferreira A, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Cid JJ, García Martínez JM, Lasheras T, Vargas ML, Gil-Herrera J, García Rodríguez MC, Castañer JL, González Granado LI, Allende LM, Soler-Palacin P, Herráiz L, López Hoyos M, Bellón JM, Silva G, Gurbindo DM, Carbone J, Rodríguez-Sáinz C, Matamoros N, Parker AR, Fernández-Cruz E. Multicenter study for the evaluation of the antibody response against salmonella typhi Vi vaccination (EMPATHY) for the diagnosis of Anti-polysaccharide antibody production deficiency in patients with primary immunodeficiency. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:80-84. [PMID: 27236002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sánchez-Ramón
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J de Gracia
- Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A M García-Alonso
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - J J Rodríguez Molina
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Melero
- Immunology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A de Andrés
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Ferreira
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J J Cid
- Immunology, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain
| | | | - T Lasheras
- Pneumology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M L Vargas
- Immunology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J Gil-Herrera
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J L Castañer
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - L I González Granado
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Pediatrics, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - L M Allende
- Immunology, Hospital 12 de octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Soler-Palacin
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Herráiz
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M López Hoyos
- Immunology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - J M Bellón
- Statistics, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Spain
| | - G Silva
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - D M Gurbindo
- Immunopediatrics, Hospital Maternoinfantil de O'Donnell, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carbone
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez-Sáinz
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Matamoros
- Immunology, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A R Parker
- The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Fernández-Cruz
- Clinical Immunology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many children with HIV infection now survive into adulthood. This study explored the impact of vertically acquired HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy on the development of humoral immunity. DESIGN Natural and vaccine-related immunity to pneumococcus and B-cell phenotype was characterized and compared in three groups of young adults: those with vertically-acquired infection, those with horizontally acquired infection and healthy controls. METHODS Serotype-specific pneumococcal (Pnc) immunoglobulin M and G concentrations before and up to 1 year post-Pnc polysaccharide (Pneumovax) immunization were determined, and opsonophagocytic activity was analysed. B-cell subpopulations and dynamic markers of B-cell signalling, turnover and susceptibility to apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS HIV-infected patients showed impaired natural Pnc immunity and reduced humoral responses to immunization with Pneumovax; this was greatest in those viraemic at time of the study. Early-life viral control before the age of 10 years diminished these changes. Expanded populations of abnormally activated and immature B-cells were seen in both HIV-infected cohorts. Vertically infected patients were particularly vulnerable to reductions in marginal zone and switched memory populations. These aberrations were reduced in patients with early-life viral control. CONCLUSION In children with HIV, damage to B-cell memory populations and impaired natural and vaccine immunity to pneumococcus is evident in early adult life. Sustained viral control from early childhood may help to limit this effect and optimize humoral immunity in adult life.
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236
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Friman V, Winqvist O, Blimark C, Langerbeins P, Chapel H, Dhalla F. Secondary immunodeficiency in lymphoproliferative malignancies. Hematol Oncol 2016; 34:121-32. [PMID: 27402426 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Secondary immunodeficiencies occur as a consequence of various diseases, including hematological malignancies, and the use of pharmacological therapies, such as immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and biological drugs. Infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Recent advances in treatment have prolonged the duration of remission and the time between relapse phases in MM and CLL patients. However, managing multiple relapses and the use of salvage therapies can lead to cumulative immunosuppression and a higher risk of infections. The pathogenesis of immune deficiency secondary to lymphoproliferative malignancy is multifactorial including disease- and treatment-related factors. Supportive treatment, including early vaccination, anti-infective prophylaxis, and replacement immunoglobulin, plays a key role in preventing infections in MM and CLL. This article provides an overview of the basic immunology necessary to understand the pathogenesis of secondary immunodeficiency and the infectious complications in MM and CLL. We also discuss the evidence supporting the role of prophylactic replacement immunoglobulin treatment in patients with antibody failure secondary to MM and CLL and the indications for its use. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Friman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilie Blimark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Section, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Langerbeins
- German CLL Study Group, Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen Chapel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fatima Dhalla
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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238
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Alten R, Bingham CO, Cohen SB, Curtis JR, Kelly S, Wong D, Genovese MC. Antibody response to pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving abatacept. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:231. [PMID: 27229685 PMCID: PMC4880815 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including those treated with biologics, are at increased risk of some vaccine-preventable infections. We evaluated the antibody response to standard 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and the 2011-2012 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in adults with RA receiving subcutaneous (SC) abatacept and background disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS Two multicenter, open-label sub-studies enrolled patients from the ACQUIRE (pneumococcal and influenza) and ATTUNE (pneumococcal) studies at any point during their SC abatacept treatment cycle following completion of ≥3 months' SC abatacept. All patients received fixed-dose abatacept 125 mg/week with background DMARDs. A pre-vaccination blood sample was taken, and after 28 ± 3 days a final post-vaccination sample was collected. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an immunologic response to the vaccine at Day 28 among patients without a protective antibody level to the vaccine antigens at baseline (pneumococcal: defined as ≥2-fold increase in post-vaccination titers to ≥3 of 5 antigens and protective antibody level of ≥1.6 μg/mL to ≥3 of 5 antigens; influenza: defined as ≥4-fold increase in post-vaccination titers to ≥2 of 3 antigens and protective antibody level of ≥1:40 to ≥2 of 3 antigens). Safety and tolerability were evaluated throughout the sub-studies. RESULTS Pre- and post-vaccination titers were available for 113/125 and 186/191 enrolled patients receiving the PPSV23 and influenza vaccine, respectively. Among vaccinated patients, 47/113 pneumococcal and 121/186 influenza patients were without protective antibody levels at baseline. Among patients with available data, 73.9 % (34/46) and 61.3 % (73/119) met the primary endpoint and achieved an immunologic response to PPSV23 or influenza vaccine, respectively. In patients with pre- and post-vaccination data available, 83.9 % in the pneumococcal study demonstrated protective antibody levels with PPSV23 (titer ≥1.6 μg/mL to ≥3 of 5 antigens), and 81.2 % in the influenza study achieved protective antibody levels (titer ≥1:40 to ≥2 of 3 antigens) at Day 28 post-vaccination. Vaccines were well tolerated with SC abatacept with background DMARDs. CONCLUSIONS In these sub-studies, patients with RA receiving SC abatacept and background DMARDs were able to mount an appropriate immune response to pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00559585 (registered 15 November 2007) and NCT00663702 (registered 18 April 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Alten
- Schlosspark-Klinik University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, 14059, Germany.
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239
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Schaballie H, Wuyts G, Dillaerts D, Frans G, Moens L, Proesmans M, Vermeulen F, De Boeck K, Meyts I, Bossuyt X. Effect of previous vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine antibody responses. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:180-9. [PMID: 26939935 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 10 years, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has become part of the standard childhood vaccination programme. This may impact upon the diagnosis of polysaccharide antibody deficiency by measurement of anti-polysaccharide immunoglobulin (Ig)G after immunization with unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV). Indeed, contrary to PPV, PCV induces a T-dependent, more pronounced memory response. The antibody response to PPV was studied retrospectively in patients referred for suspected humoral immunodeficiency. The study population was divided into four subgroups based on age (2-5 years versus ≥ 10 years) and time tested (1998-2005 versus 2010-12). Only 2-5-year-old children tested in 2010-12 had been vaccinated with PCV prior to PPV. The PCV primed group showed higher antibody responses for PCV-PPV shared serotypes 4 and 18C than the unprimed groups. To a lesser extent, this was also found for non-PCV serotype 9N, but not for non-PCV serotypes 19A and 8. Furthermore, PCV-priming elicited a higher IgG2 response. In conclusion, previous PCV vaccination affects antibody response to PPV for shared serotypes, but can also influence antibody response to some non-PCV serotypes (9N). With increasing number of serotypes included in PCV, the diagnostic assessment for polysaccharide antibody deficiency requires careful selection of serotypes that are not influenced by prior PCV (e.g. serotype 8). Further research is needed to identify more serotypes that are not influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schaballie
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven
| | - G Wuyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven
| | - D Dillaerts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven
| | - G Frans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - L Moens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven
| | - M Proesmans
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven
| | - F Vermeulen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven
| | - K De Boeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven
| | - I Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven
| | - X Bossuyt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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240
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Selective Subnormal IgG1 in 54 Adult Index Patients with Frequent or Severe Bacterial Respiratory Tract Infections. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:1405950. [PMID: 27123464 PMCID: PMC4830719 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1405950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized 54 adult index patients with reports of frequent or severe bacterial respiratory tract infections at diagnosis of selective subnormal IgG1. Mean age was 50 ± 13 (SD) y; 87.0% were women. Associated disorders included the following: autoimmune conditions 50.0%; hypothyroidism 24.1%; atopy 38.9%; and other allergy 31.5%. In 35.5%, proportions of protective S. pneumoniae serotype-specific IgG levels did not increase after polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPPV). Blood lymphocyte subset levels were within reference limits in most patients. Regressions on IgG1 and IgG3 revealed no significant association with age, sex, autoimmune conditions, hypothyroidism, atopy, other allergy, corticosteroid therapy, or lymphocyte subsets. Regression on IgG2 revealed significant associations with PPPV response (negative) and CD19+ lymphocytes (positive). Regression on IgG4 revealed significant positive associations with episodic corticosteroid use and IgA. Regression on IgA revealed positive associations with IgG2 and IgG4. Regression on IgM revealed negative associations with CD56+/CD16+ lymphocytes. Regressions on categories of infection revealed a negative association of urinary tract infections and IgG1. HLA-A⁎03, HLA-B⁎55 and HLA-A⁎24, HLA-B⁎35 haplotype frequencies were greater in 38 patients than 751 controls. We conclude that nonprotective S. pneumoniae IgG levels and atopy contribute to increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections in patients with selective subnormal IgG1.
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241
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Orange JS, Seeborg FO, Boyle M, Scalchunes C, Hernandez-Trujillo V. Family Physician Perspectives on Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:12. [PMID: 27066486 PMCID: PMC4811961 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) include over 250 diverse disorders. The current study assessed management of PID by family practice physicians. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Primary Immunodeficiency Committee and the Immune Deficiency Foundation conducted an incentivized mail survey of family practice physician members of the American Medical Association and the American Osteopathic Association in direct patient care. Responses were compared with subspecialist immunologist responses from a similar survey. Surveys were returned by 528 (of 4500 surveys mailed) family practice physicians, of whom 44% reported following ≥1 patient with PID. Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (21%) and chronic granulomatous disease (11%) were most common and were followed by significantly more subspecialist immunologists (P < 0.05). Use of intravenously administered immunoglobulin and live viral vaccinations across PID was significantly different (P < 0.05). Few family practice physicians were aware of professional guidelines for diagnosis and management of PID (4 vs. 79% of subspecialist immunologists, P < 0.05). Family practice physicians will likely encounter patients with PID diagnoses during their career. Differences in how family practice physicians and subspecialist immunologists manage patients with PID underscore areas where improved educational and training initiatives may benefit patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S. Orange
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Filiz O. Seeborg
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Vivian Hernandez-Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Miami Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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242
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Rákóczi É, Perge B, Végh E, Csomor P, Pusztai A, Szamosi S, Bodnár N, Szántó S, Szücs G, Szekanecz Z. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with etanercept. Joint Bone Spine 2016; 83:675-679. [PMID: 26995488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively evaluate the immunogenicity of a 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients undergoing etanercept therapy. METHODS Twenty-two RA patients treated with etanercept (ETA) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) (n=15) or monotherapy (n=7) for at least one year were included. Altogether 24 osteoarthritis patients not receiving biological or MTX therapy, treating only NSAIDs or analgesics served as controls. All subjects were vaccinated with a single dose (0.5ml) of the PCV13. Pneumococcal antibody levels at baseline, 4 and 8weeks were assessed by a VaccZyme™ Anti-PCP IgG Enzyme Immunoassay Kit. Based on recommendations of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, an at least two-fold increase in antibody level, as the protective antibody response (pAR) was an indicator of responsiveness (i.e., ratio of postvaccination and prevaccination antibody levels). The antibody levels and their ratios were analysed in a variety of different ways, vaccine safety parameters (fever, infections, changes in regular antirheumatic treatments) were assessed at baseline, 4 and 8weeks after vaccination. RESULTS Four weeks after vaccination, the anti-pneumococcal antibody levels significantly increased in both groups. At week 8, antibody levels somewhat decreased in both groups, however, still remained significantly higher compared to baseline. Compared with postvaccination levels at 4 and 8weeks between two groups, the mean protective antibody levels were higher in control group (1st month P=0.016; 2nd month: P=0.039). Possible predictors of pAR were analysed by logistic regression model. In RA, increases of antibody levels at week 8 compared to baseline exerted a negative correlation with age, (Spearman's R=-0,431; P=0.045). There were no clinically significant side effects or reaction after administration of vaccine observed in any of these patients after the 2-month follow-up period, all patients medical condition were stable. CONCLUSIONS In RA patients treated with ETA, vaccination with PCV13 is effective and safe, resulting in pAR one and two months after vaccination. Higher age at vaccination was identified as predictors of impaired pAR. The efficacy of vaccination may be more pronounced in younger RA patients. The vaccine is safe in RA patients on ETA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Rákóczi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Kenézy Gyula Hospital, 2-6, Bartók B street, 4034 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bianka Perge
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Végh
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Csomor
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Pusztai
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Szamosi
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Bodnár
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szántó
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szücs
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical and Health Sciences Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98, Nagyerdei street, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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243
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Rezende RPV, Ribeiro FM, Albuquerque EMN, Gayer CR, Andrade LEC, Klumb EM. Immunogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adult systemic lupus erythematosus patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. Lupus 2016; 25:1254-9. [PMID: 26923283 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316636472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in adult systemic lupus erythematosus patients undergoing (IS group) and not undergoing (non-IS group) immunosuppressive treatment. METHODS In this prospective open-label study from February 2013 to April 2014, 54 patients had blood samples collected immediately before PPSV23 immunization and 4-6 weeks thereafter for the ELISA measurement of IgG antibody levels against seven pneumococcal serotypes. Positive vaccine response for each serotype was defined as a four-fold or greater antibody response over baseline levels or as a post-vaccine anti-pneumococcal IgG level ≥1.3 µg/ml when baseline values were <1.3 µg/ml. Patients should have responded appropriately to ≥70% of the tested serotypes. We also calculated the mean ratio of post- to pre-vaccination anti-pneumococcal IgG levels. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients were classified into the IS group and 26 into non-IS group. The median dose of prednisone at baseline was ≤5 mg/day in both groups. Serotype-specific vaccine response rates were not significantly different between the groups. Less than 40% of patients responded adequately by both vaccine response criteria, being numerically lower among IS patients. The mean ratio of increase in anti-pneumococcal levels was 6.4 versus 4.7 (p = 0.001) in non-IS and IS groups, respectively. CONCLUSION The vaccine was poorly immunogenic, especially among adult systemic lupus erythematosus patients under immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P V Rezende
- Department of Rheumatology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F M Ribeiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E M N Albuquerque
- Department of Rheumatology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C R Gayer
- Department of Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - E M Klumb
- Department of Rheumatology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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244
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Parker AR, Allen S, Harding S. Concentration of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide IgM, IgG and IgA specific antibodies in adult blood donors. Pract Lab Med 2016; 5:1-5. [PMID: 28856197 PMCID: PMC5574502 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) IgM, IgG and IgA ELISAs have been developed to aid assessment of the adaptive immune system. The relationship between the concentrations of PCP IgM, IgG, and IgA was investigated. Design and methods The concentrations of PCP IgM, IgG, and IgA were measured in sera obtained from 231 adult blood donors. Results Concentrations of each isotype were not normally distributed. The median concentration for PCP IgM was 54 U/mL (range 37–75 U/mL), IgG 40 mg/L (range 26–79 mg/L) and IgA 21 U/mL (range 13–44 U/mL). The median PCP IgM titres decreased with age and were significantly lower in patients aged 81–90 years compared to those aged 18–80 years. By contrast, there was a significantly higher median serum PCP IgG titre in the 61–90 years group compared to those aged 18–60 years and a significantly higher median serum PCP IgA titre in the 51–90 years group compared to those aged 18–50 years. The correlation between PCP IgG and IgA was more significant than between IgM and IgA and between IgM and IgG. Correlation of PCP IgA and IgM concentrations identified four phenotypes: high PCP IgM and IgA; high PCP IgM only; high PCP IgA only; and low PCP IgM and IgA. A significant number of individuals with a PCP IgG concentration >50 mg/L had low PCP IgA and IgM concentrations. Conclusion The additional measurement of PCP IgA and PCP IgM, alongside PCP IgG, in individuals investigated for a compromised immune system may provide a more detailed antibody profile.
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245
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Lachance S, Christofides A, Lee J, Sehn L, Ritchie B, Shustik C, Stewart D, Toze C, Haddad E, Vinh D. A Canadian perspective on the use of immunoglobulin therapy to reduce infectious complications in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Curr Oncol 2016; 23:42-51. [PMID: 26966403 PMCID: PMC4754059 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll), who typically have increased susceptibility because of hypogammaglobulinemia (hgg) related to their disease and its treatment. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (igrt) has been shown to reduce the frequency of bacterial infections and associated hospitalizations in patients with hgg or a history of infection, or both. However, use of igrt in cll is contentious. Studies examining such treatment were conducted largely before the use of newer chemoimmunotherapies, which can extend lifespan, but do not correct the hgg inherent to the disease. Thus, the utility of igrt has to be re-evaluated in the current setting. Here, we discuss the evidence for the use of igrt in cll and provide a practical approach to its use in the prevention and management of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J.K. Lee
- Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Toronto, ON
| | | | | | - C. Shustik
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
| | | | - C.L. Toze
- Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program of BC, Vancouver General Hospital, BC Cancer Agency, and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - E. Haddad
- chu Sainte-Justine, Departments of Pediatrics and of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC
| | - D.C. Vinh
- McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC
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Lee HY, Yoon SW, Kim Y, Cho HJ, Lee JY, Gu KM, Park TY, Choi JC, Shin JW, Kim JY, Park IW, Choi BW, Jung JW. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a selective IgG3 deficient patient with recurrent respiratory infections and asthma attacks. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yeul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Jun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Chol Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Whui Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Bonilla FA, Barlan I, Chapel H, Costa-Carvalho BT, Cunningham-Rundles C, de la Morena MT, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Hammarström L, Nonoyama S, Quinti I, Routes JM, Tang MLK, Warnatz K. International Consensus Document (ICON): Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2015; 4:38-59. [PMID: 26563668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isil Barlan
- Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Helen Chapel
- John Radcliffe Hospital and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - M Teresa de la Morena
- Children's Medical Center and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | - John M Routes
- Children's Hospital of Wisconsin and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Royal Children's Hospital and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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248
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Iroh Tam PY, McAllister SC. Vaccine Responses and Immunologic Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With DiGeorge Syndrome. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2015; 54:1290-2. [PMID: 25573949 DOI: 10.1177/0009922814565885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Ying Iroh Tam
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Shane C McAllister
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Knutsen AP, Leiva LE, Caruthers C, Rodrigues J, Sorensen RU. Streptococcus pneumoniae antibody titres in patients with primary antibody deficiency receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) compared to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG). Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:51-6. [PMID: 26230522 PMCID: PMC4578508 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) are effective in the treatment of patients with primary antibody deficiency disorders (PAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) antibody titres to 14 serotypes in patients receiving IVIG compared to SCIG and to correlate Spn antibody levels to clinical outcome. The doses of immunoglobulin (Ig)G/kg/month were similar in both IVIG and SCIG groups. In 11 patients treated with IVIG, Spn antibody titres were ≥ 1·3 μg/ml to 99·4 ± 2·1% of the 14 serotypes at peak IVIG but decreased to 66·9 ± 19·8% at trough IVIG. Loss of Spn titres ≥ 1·3 μg/ml was most frequent for Spn serotypes 1, 4, 9V and 23. This correlated with lower Spn antibody titres to these serotypes at peak IVIG compared to the other serotypes. In 13 patients treated with SCIG, Spn antibody titres were protective to 58·2 ± 23·3% of the serotypes 3-5 days after infusion, similar to trough IVIG. Similarly, the Spn serotypes with the least protective percentages were the same as the ones observed in trough IVIG. There were no annualized serious bacterial infections (aSBI) in either group. However, there were significantly decreased annualized other infections (aOI) in the SCIG group compared to the IVIG-treated group, 0·8 ± 0·7 versus 2·2 ± 1·2 infections/patient/year (P = 0·004). Breakthrough aOI did not correlate with protective or higher serum Spn antibody titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Knutsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Allergy & Immunology, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Saint Louis UniversitySt Louis, MO
| | - L E Leiva
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy/Immunology Division, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
| | - C Caruthers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Allergy & Immunology, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Saint Louis UniversitySt Louis, MO
| | - J Rodrigues
- Department of Pediatrics, Division Allergy & Immunology, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Saint Louis UniversitySt Louis, MO
| | - R U Sorensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergy/Immunology Division, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA, USA
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