201
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Liu P, Ptacek CJ, Blowes DW, Landis RC. Mechanisms of mercury removal by biochars produced from different feedstocks determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:233-242. [PMID: 26844404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-six biochars produced from distinct feedstocks at different temperatures were evaluated for their potential to remove mercury (Hg) from aqueous solution at environmentally relevant concentrations. Concentrations of total Hg (THg) decreased by >90% in batch systems containing biochars produced at 600 and 700 °C and by 40-90% for biochars produced at 300 °C. Elevated concentrations of SO4(2-) (up to 1000 mg L(-1)) were observed in solutions mixed with manure-based biochars. Sulfur X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analyses indicate the presence of both reduced and oxidized S species in both unwashed and washed biochars. Sulfur XANES spectra obtained from biochars with adsorbed Hg were similar to those of washed biochars. Micro-X-ray fluorescence mapping results indicate that Hg was heterogeneously distributed across biochar particles. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure modeling indicates Hg was bound to S in biochars with high S content and to O and Cl in biochars with low S content. The predominant mechanisms of Hg removal are likely the formation of chemical bonds between Hg and various functional groups on the biochar. This investigation provides information on the effectiveness and mechanisms of Hg removal that is critical for evaluating biochar applications for stabilization of Hg in surface water, groundwater, soils, and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Carol J Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - David W Blowes
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard C Landis
- E I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, 974 Centre Road, Wilmington, DE 19805, United States
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202
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Liu K, Yu B, Luo K, Liu X, Bai L. Reduced sulfentrazone phytotoxicity through increased adsorption and anionic species in biochar-amended soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9956-9963. [PMID: 26865479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Burning straw in the field is a common agricultural practice. The effects of adding biochar derived from rice straw to soils on the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone to Oryza sativa L. were observed. Overall, when 1 % biochar was added to three different soils, the phytotoxicity of sulfentrazone to O. sativa L. decreased, and the concentration that inhibits growth by 50 % (IC50) increased by 1.4 to 7.6 times. To illuminate the influencing mechanisms, the changes in sulfentrazone adsorption to the soil, the soil pH, and the bioavailable sulfentrazone extracted from the soil solution using hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction were studied. The Freundlich constant (K f ) of sulfentrazone to the soil increased 1.5 to 25 times relative to the K f in the three unamended soils, and the soil pH increased by 0.36 to 1.36 units resulted in a fraction of dissociated sulfentrazone increased by 10.2-17.4 %. In addition, the average concentrations of sulfentrazone in the three unamended soil solutions were 1.3-6.1 times relative to those in the three biochar-amended soil solutions. These results suggest that the sulfentrazone adsorption and soil pH increased when soils were amended with biochar, which decreased the bioavailable concentrations and reduced its phytotoxicity to O. sativa L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bingqi Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Loudi, Hunan province, People's Republic of China.
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203
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Shi Y, Huang Z, Liu X, Imran S, Peng L, Dai R, Deng Y. Environmental materials for remediation of soils contaminated with lead and cadmium using maize (Zea mays L.) growth as a bioindicator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6168-6178. [PMID: 26604199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a severe environmental problem. Remediation of contaminated soils can be accomplished using environmental materials that are low cost and environmentally friendly. We evaluated the individual and combination effects of humic acid (HA), super absorbent polymer (SAP), zeolite (ZE), and fly ash composites (FC) on immobilization of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. We also investigated long-term practical approaches for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. The biochemical and morphological properties of maize (Zea mays L.) were selected as biomarkers to assess the effects of environmental materials on heavy metal immobilization. The results showed that addition of test materials to soil effectively reduced heavy metal accumulation in maize foliage, improving chlorophyll levels, plant growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test materials reduced heavy metal injury to maize throughout the growth period. A synergistic effect from combinations of different materials on immobilization of Pb and Cd was determined based on the reduction of morphological and biochemical injuries to maize. The combination of zeolite and humic acid was especially effective. Treatment with a combination of HA + SAP + ZE + FC was superior for remediation of soils contaminated with high levels of Pb and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhanbin Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiujie Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Suheryani Imran
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Licheng Peng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rongji Dai
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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204
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Woldetsadik D, Drechsel P, Keraita B, Marschner B, Itanna F, Gebrekidan H. Effects of biochar and alkaline amendments on cadmium immobilization, selected nutrient and cadmium concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:397. [PMID: 27047723 PMCID: PMC4816957 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To assess the efficiency of seven treatments including biochars produced from dried faecal matter and manures as stabilizing agents of cadmium (Cd)-spiked soils, lettuce was grown in glasshouse on two contrasting soils. The soils used were moderately fertile silty loam and less fertile sandy loam and the applied treatments were 7 % w/w. The reduction of bioavailable Cd (ammonium nitrate extractable) and its phytoavailability for lettuce were used as assessment criteria in the evaluation of stabilization performance of each treatment. Moreover, the agronomic values of the treatments were also investigated. Ammonium nitrate extraction results indicated that faecal matter biochar, cow manure biochar and lime significantly reduced bioavailable Cd by 84–87, 65–68 and 82–91 %, respectively, as compared to the spiked controls. Unpredictably, coffee husk biochar induced significant increment of Cd in NH4NO3 extracts. The immobilization potential of faecal matter biochar and lime were superior than the other treatments. However, lime and egg shell promoted statistically lower yield and P, K and Zn concentrations response of lettuce plants compared to the biochar treatments. The lowest Cd and highest P tissue concentrations of lettuce plants were induced by faecal matter and cow manure biochar treatments in both soils. Additionally, the greatest Cd phytoavailability reduction for lettuce was induced by poultry litter and cow manure biochars in the silty loam soil. Our results indicate that faecal matter and animal manure biochars have shown great potential to promote Cd immobilization and lettuce growth response in heavily contaminated agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Woldetsadik
- School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Pay Drechsel
- International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Bernard Keraita
- Department of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernd Marschner
- Department of Soil Science/Soil Ecology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fisseha Itanna
- Department of Crop Science, University of Nambia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Heluf Gebrekidan
- School of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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205
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Li H, Ye X, Geng Z, Zhou H, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Wang G. The influence of biochar type on long-term stabilization for Cd and Cu in contaminated paddy soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:40-48. [PMID: 26546702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term effect of biochar on PTEs (potential toxic elements) immobilization depends upon biochar own property and its aging process in soil. To understand the role of biachar type on PTEs stabilization, two types of biochar, corn-straw-derived biochar (CB) and hardwood-derived biochar (HB), were compared for their efficacy in achieving a stable decrease in the bio-availability of Cd and Cu in soils. The 3-year pot-culture experiment showed that HB reduced the concentration of CaCl2-extractable Cd and Cu by 57.9 and 63.8% in soil, and Cd and Cu uptake by 63.6 and 56.3% in rice tissue respectively, in the first year, whereas these values increased in the next two years. On the other hand, CB decreased these values steadily year by year. At the end of the 3 years, CB at 5% level had lowered the levels of CaCl2-extractable Cd and Cu by 53.6 and 66.8%, respectively. These variations between CB and HB were due to the differences in the way the two types of biochar age in the soil. The aging process was simulated in the laboratory, and the XPS results showed that the oxidization of the biochars introduced more oxygen-containing groups (especially carboxyl) on the surface of CB than HB, leading to a correspondingly greater number of oxygenated binding sites for Cd and Cu in the case of CB. The content of lignin was the major factor resulting in the variation of oxidation degree in two biochars. These results suggest that it is important to select the right kind of biochar to stably decrease the bio-availability of potential toxic elements (Cd and Cu) in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Zhigang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xisheng Guo
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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206
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Qayyum MF, Ibrahim M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Abbas T, Ok YS. Mechanisms of biochar-mediated alleviation of toxicity of trace elements in plants: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2230-48. [PMID: 26531712 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5697-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) contamination is one of the main abiotic stresses which limit plant growth and deteriorate the food quality by their entry into food chain. In recent, biochar (BC) soil amendment has been widely reported for the reduction of TE(s) uptake and toxicity in plants. This review summarizes the role of BC in enhancing TE(s) tolerance in plants. Under TE(s) stress, BC application increased plant growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, grain yield, and quality. The key mechanisms evoked are immobilization of TE(s) in the soil, increase in soil pH, alteration of TE(s) redox state in the soil, and improvement in soil physical and biological properties under TE(s) stress. However, these mechanisms vary with plant species, genotypes, growth conditions, duration of stress imposed, BC type, and preparation methods. This review highlights the potential for improving plant resistance to TE(s) stress by BC application and provides a theoretical basis for application of BC in TE(s) contaminated soils worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre and Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
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207
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Kim BS, Lee HW, Park SH, Baek K, Jeon JK, Cho HJ, Jung SC, Kim SC, Park YK. Removal of Cu(2+) by biochars derived from green macroalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:985-994. [PMID: 25813639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The by-product char of the fast pyrolysis of a green macroalga Enteromorpha compressa was used to remove copper from an aqueous solution. The surface area and the amount of cation exchange capacity (CEC) were increased by steam activation, resulting in enhanced adsorption capacity. Although chemical activation using a KOH solution increased the pore volume and surface area dramatically, it decreased the adsorption capacity because of activating in the KOH solution and washing decreased CEC. Ion exchange between the Cu ions and cations (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+)) as well as adsorption onto the functional groups on the char surface appeared to be important mechanisms for the removal of Cu. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model could interpret the kinetics and equilibrium of the Cu adsorption on the E. compressa char. The maximum amount of Cu adsorption on the char was 137 mg g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Sik Kim
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Lee
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ki Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 330-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Cho
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Jung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chai Kim
- Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan, 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea.
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208
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Wang H, Wang X, Chen J, Xia P, Zhao J. Recovery of nutrients from wastewater by a MgCl2 modified zeolite and their reuse as an amendment for Cu and Pb immobilization in soil. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, nutrients in wastewater were simultaneously removed by magnesium modified zeolite, and the precipitates of the nutrient recovery process were applied as a kind of amendment to achieve copper and lead immobilization in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Xuejiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
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209
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Yang X, Liu J, McGrouther K, Huang H, Lu K, Guo X, He L, Lin X, Che L, Ye Z, Wang H. Effect of biochar on the extractability of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and enzyme activity in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:974-84. [PMID: 25772863 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material derived from the pyrolysis of agricultural and forest residual biomass. Previous studies have shown that biochar is suitable as an adsorbent for soil contaminants such as heavy metals and consequently reduces their bioavailability. However, the long-term effect of different biochars on metal extractability or soil health has not been assessed. Therefore, a 1-year incubation experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of biochar produced from bamboo and rice straw (at temperatures ≥500 °C) on the heavy metal (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) extractability and enzyme activity (urease, catalase, and acid phosphatase) in a contaminated sandy loam paddy soil. Three rates (0, 1, and 5%) and two mesh sizes (<0.25 and <1 mm) of biochar applications were investigated. After incubation, the physicochemical properties, extractable heavy metals, available phosphorus, and enzyme activity of soil samples were analyzed. The results demonstrated that rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity of the soil, especially at the 5% application rate. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the concentration of CaCl2-extractable heavy metals as biochar application rate increased. The heavy metal extractability was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with pH, water-soluble organic carbon, and available phosphorus in soil. The 5% application rate of fine rice straw biochar resulted in the greatest reductions of extractable Cu and Zn, 97.3 and 62.2%, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochar were more effective at decreasing extractable Cu and Pb than removing extractable Cd and Zn from the soil. Urease activity increased by 143 and 107% after the addition of 5% coarse and fine rice straw biochars, respectively. Both bamboo and rice straw biochars significantly (P < 0.05) increased catalase activity but had no significant impact on acid phosphatase activity. In conclusion, the rice straw biochar had greater potential as an amendment for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil than that of the bamboo biochar. The impact of biochar treatment on heavy metal extractability and enzyme activity varied with the biochar type, application rate, and particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | | | - Huagang Huang
- Yancao Production Technology Center, Bijie Yancao Company of Guizhou Province, Bijie, Guizhou, 551700, China
| | - Kouping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Xi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Lizhi He
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Xiaoming Lin
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523169, China
| | - Lei Che
- School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China
| | - Zhengqian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
- Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Hongmei Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523169, China.
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210
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Adsorption of Cu(II) ion from aqueous solutions on hydrogel prepared from Konjac glucomannan. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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211
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Ashraf U, Kanu AS, Mo Z, Hussain S, Anjum SA, Khan I, Abbas RN, Tang X. Lead toxicity in rice: effects, mechanisms, and mitigation strategies--a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18318-32. [PMID: 26432270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major environmental pollutant that affects plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. Its higher levels in the environment are not only toxic to human beings but also harmful for plants and soil microbes. We have reviewed the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of Pb and its toxic effects on germination, growth, yield, nutrient relation, photosynthesis, respiration, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defense system of rice. Lead toxicity hampers rice germination, root/shoot length, growth, and final yield. It reduces nutrient uptake through roots, disrupts chloroplastic ultrastructure and cell membrane permeability, induces alterations in leaves respiratory activities, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers some enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants (as defense to oxidative damage). In the end, biochar amendments and phytoremediation technologies have been proposed as soil remediation approaches for Pb tainted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam Sheka Kanu
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rana Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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212
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Islam MN, Jung HY, Park JH. Subcritical water treatment of explosive and heavy metals co-contaminated soil: Removal of the explosive, and immobilization and risk assessment of heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 163:262-269. [PMID: 26340419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of explosives and heavy metals (HMs) in soil, particularly army shooting range soil, has received increasing environmental concern due to toxicity and risks to ecological systems. In this study, a subcritical water (SCW) extraction process was used to remediate the explosives-plus-HMs-co-contaminated soil. A quantitative evaluation of explosives in the treated soil, compared with untreated soil, was applied to assess explosive removal. The immobilization of HMs was assessed by toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tests, and by investigating the migration of HMs fractions. The environmental risk of HMs in the soil residue was assessed according to the risk assessment code (RAC) and ecological risk indices (Er and RI). The results indicated that SCW treatment could eliminate the explosives, >99%, during the remediation, while the HM was effectively immobilized. The effect of water temperature on reducing the explosives and the risk of HMs in soil was observed. A marked increase in the non-bioavailable concentration of each HM was observed, and the leaching rate of HMs was decreased by 70-97% after SCW treatment at 250 °C, showing the effective immobilization of HMs. According to the RAC or RI, each tested HM showed no or low risk to the environment after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nazrul Islam
- Environmental Assessment Research Institute, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Park
- Environmental Assessment Research Institute, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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213
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Houben D, Sonnet P. Impact of biochar and root-induced changes on metal dynamics in the rhizosphere of Agrostis capillaris and Lupinus albus. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:644-651. [PMID: 25559173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhizosphere interactions are deemed to play a key role in the success of phytoremediation technologies. Here, the effects of biochar and root-induced changes in the rhizosphere of Agrostis capillaris L. and Lupinus albus L. on metal (Cd, Pb and Zn) dynamics were investigated using a biotest on a 2mm soil layer and a sequential extraction procedure (Tessier's scheme). In the bulk soil, the application of 5% biochar significantly reduced the exchangeable pool of metals primarily due to a liming effect which subsequently promoted the metal shift into the carbonate-bound pool. However, metals were re-mobilized in the rhizosphere of both A. capillaris and L. albus due to root-induced acidification which counteracted the liming effect of biochar. As a result, the concentrations of metals in roots and shoots of both plants were not significantly reduced by the application of biochar. Although the study should be considered a worst-case scenario because experimental conditions induced the intensification of rhizosphere processes, the results highlight that changes in rhizosphere pH can impact the effectiveness of biochar to immobilize metals in soil. Biochar has thus a potential as amendment for reducing metal uptake by plants, provided the acidification of the rhizosphere is minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Houben
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; HydrISE, Institut Polytechnique LaSalle Beauvais, rue Pierre Waguet 19, 60026 Beauvais Cedex, France.
| | - Philippe Sonnet
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.10, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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214
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Puga AP, Abreu CA, Melo LCA, Paz-Ferreiro J, Beesley L. Cadmium, lead, and zinc mobility and plant uptake in a mine soil amended with sugarcane straw biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17606-14. [PMID: 26146374 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals in unconsolidated soils can prove toxic to proximal environments, if measures are not taken to stabilize soils. One way to minimize the toxicity of metals in soils is the use of materials capable of immobilizing these contaminants by sorption. Biochar (BC) can retain large amounts of heavy metals due to, among other characteristics, its large surface area. In the current experiment, sugarcane-straw-derived biochar, produced at 700 °C, was applied to a heavy-metal-contaminated mine soil at 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0% (w/w). Jack bean and Mucuna aterrima were grown in pots containing a mine contaminated soil and soil mixed with BC. Pore water was sampled to assess the effects of biochar on zinc solubility, while soils were analyzed by DTPA extraction to confirm available metal concentrations. The application of BC decreased the available concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in the mine contaminated soil leading to a consistent reduction in the concentration of Zn in the pore water. Amendment with BC reduced plant uptake of Cd, Pb, and Zn with the jack bean uptaking higher amounts of Cd and Pb than M. aterrima. This study indicates that biochar application during mine soil remediation could reduce plant concentrations of heavy metals. Coupled with this, symptoms of heavy metal toxicity were absent only in plants growing in pots amended with biochar. The reduction in metal bioavailability and other modifications to the substrate induced by the application of biochar may be beneficial to the establishment of a green cover on top of mine soil to aid remediation and reduce risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Puga
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil.
| | - C A Abreu
- Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13020-902, Brazil
| | - L C A Melo
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - J Paz-Ferreiro
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - L Beesley
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB158QH, UK
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215
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A Field Experiment on Enhancement of Crop Yield by Rice Straw and Corn Stalk-Derived Biochar in Northern China. SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su71013713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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216
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Tan X, Liu Y, Gu Y, Zeng G, Hu X, Wang X, Hu X, Guo Y, Zeng X, Sun Z. Biochar amendment to lead-contaminated soil: Effects on fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity and phytotoxicity to rice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1962-1968. [PMID: 25900615 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The amendment effects of biochar on total microbial activity was measured by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity, and phytotoxicity in Pb(II)-contaminated soils was examined by the application of 4 different biochars to soil, with rice as a test plant. The FDA hydrolytic activities of biochar-amended soils were much higher than that of the control. The survival rate of rice in lead-contaminated biochar-amended soils showed significant improvement over the control, especially for bamboo biochar-amended soil (93.3%). In addition, rice grown in lead-contaminated control sediment displayed lower biomass production than that in biochar-amended soil. The immobilization of Pb(II) and the positive effects of biochar amendment on soil microorganisms may account for these effects. The results suggest that biochar may have an excellent ability to mitigate the toxic effects of Pb(II) on soil microorganisms and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunguo Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjiang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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217
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Tan X, Liu Y, Gu Y, Zeng G, Wang X, Hu X, Sun Z, Yang Z. Immobilization of Cd(II) in acid soil amended with different biochars with a long term of incubation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12597-12604. [PMID: 25911285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochars derived from bamboo, coconut shell, pine wood shavings, and sugarcane bagasse were applied into Ultisol to investigate their effects on Cd(II) immobilization. After 360 days of incubation, the physical/chemical properties of the Ultisol were improved by the addition of different biochars. As a result, the maximum adsorption capacities of soil for Cd(II) were increased from 8.02 to 9.07-11.51 mmol/kg, and bamboo biochar showed the highest effect on Cd(II) immobilization. The Langmuir model (R(2) > 0.983) fitted the data better than the Freundlich model (R (2) were 0.902-0.937). Column leaching experiments suggested that biochar can also increase the immobilization of Cd(II) under leaching conditions. Biochar mainly increased the weak/unstable binding force of Cd(II) by soil, such as ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, physical adsorption, and carbonate precipitation. In addition, a significant enhancement of surface complexation was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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218
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Modeling and thermodynamics of methylene blue and acid blue 80 adsorption onto potato residue based activated carbon. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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219
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Luo X, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Liu Y, Ma G, Lei Z. Synergic adsorption of acid blue 80 and heavy metal ions (Cu2+/Ni2+) onto activated carbon and its mechanisms. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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220
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Lim JE, Moon DH, Kim KR, Yang JE, Lee SS, Ok YS. Heavy Metal Stabilization in Soils using Waste Resources - A Critical Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3839/jabc.2015.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Lim
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyun Moon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Rae Kim
- Department of Agronomy and Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae E Yang
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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221
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Ye X, Kang S, Wang H, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang G, Zhao H. Modified natural diatomite and its enhanced immobilization of lead, copper and cadmium in simulated contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 289:210-218. [PMID: 25725344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural diatomite was modified through facile acid treatment and ultrasonication, which increased its electronegativity, and the pore volume and surface area achieved to 0.211 cm(3) g(-1) and 76.9 m(2) g(-1), respectively. Modified diatomite was investigated to immobilize the potential toxic elements (PTEs) of Pb, Cu and Cd in simulated contaminated soil comparing to natural diatomite. When incubated with contaminated soils at rates of 2.5% and 5.0% by weight for 90 days, modified diatomite was more effective in immobilizing Pb, Cu and Cd than natural diatomite. After treated with 5.0% modified diatomite for 90 days, the contaminated soils showed 69.7%, 49.7% and 23.7% reductions in Pb, Cu and Cd concentrations after 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction, respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Cu and Cd were reduced by 66.7%, 47.2% and 33.1% in the leaching procedure, respectively. The surface complexation played an important role in the immobilization of PTEs in soils. The decreased extractable metal content of soil was accompanied by improved microbial activity which significantly increased (P<0.05) in 5.0% modified diatomite-amended soils. These results suggested that modified diatomite with micro/nanostructured characteristics increased the immobilization of PTEs in contaminated soil and had great potential as green and low-cost amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Shenghong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Hongying Li
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China.
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia
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222
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A low cost and highly efficient adsorbent (activated carbon) prepared from waste potato residue. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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223
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Cheng SF, Huang CY, Chen KL, Lin SC, Lin YC. Exploring the benefits of growing bioenergy crops to activate lead-contaminated agricultural land: a case study on sweet potatoes. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:144. [PMID: 25716522 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is the most environmentally friendly remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated soil. However, the phytoremediation approach requires a long time to yield results, and the plants used must be economically profitable to maintain the sustainability of the process. Because high levels of bioethanol can be produced from sweet potatoes, an experiment was conducted by planting sweet potatoes in a lead-contaminated site to observe their growth and lead-uptake capacity, thereby enabling the evaluation of the phytoremediation efficiency of sweet potatoes. The lead content in the soil was approximately 6000 mg kg(-1), and the phytoavailable Pb content was 1766 mg kg(-1). Three starch-rich sweet potato varieties, Tainung No. 10 (TNG-10), Tainung No. 31 (TNG-31), and Tainung No. 57 (TNG-57), were used in the experiment. The results indicated that TNG-10, TNG-31, and TNG-57 had fresh root tuber yields of 94.5, 133.0, and 47.5 ton ha(-1) year(-1), produced 9450, 13,297, and 4748 L ha(-1) year(-1) of bioethanol, and removed 2.68, 7.73, and 3.22 kg ha(-1) year(-1) of lead, respectively. TNG-31 yielded the highest bioethanol production and the highest lead removal in the lead-contaminated site. Therefore, implementing phytoremediation by planting TNG-31 would decrease lead content and generate income, thereby rendering the sustainable and applicable activation of contaminated soil possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan, Republic of China,
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224
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Wang Z, Liu G, Zheng H, Li F, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu C, Chen L, Xing B. Investigating the mechanisms of biochar's removal of lead from solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 177:308-17. [PMID: 25496953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Pb(2+) adsorption and physicochemical properties of biochars produced at different pyrolytic temperatures. Ten biochars were prepared from peanut shell (PS) and Chinese medicine material residue (MR) at 300-600°C. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms were determined, and the untreated and Pb(2+)-loaded biochars were analyzed by FTIR, SEM-EDX and XRD. Functional groups complexation, Pb(2+)-π interaction and precipitation with minerals jointly contributed to Pb(2+) adsorption on these biochars. New mineral precipitates (e.g., Pb2(SO4)O and Pb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2) formed during Pb(2+) sorption. For high-temperature biochars (⩾500°C), Pb(2+) sorption via complexation reduced, but the contribution of Pb(2+)-π interaction was enhanced. Dramatic reduction of Pb(2+) sorption on demineralized biochars indicated the dominant role of minerals. These results are useful for screening effective biochars as engineered sorbents to remove or immobilize Pb(2+) in polluted water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, TX 79409-1042, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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225
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Ogundiran MB, Lawal OO, Adejumo SA. Stabilisation of Pb in Pb Smelting Slag-Contaminated Soil by Compost-Modified Biochars and Their Effects on Maize Plant Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.68070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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226
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Cheng SF, Huang CY, Lin YC, Lin SC, Chen KL. Phytoremediation of lead using corn in contaminated agricultural land—an in situ study and benefit assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:72-77. [PMID: 25450917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly and economically feasible remediation technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands. However, phytoremediation can be a slow process, and for highly contaminated soils this approach would require hundreds to thousands of years to meet soil environmental quality standards. Such a long period of phytoremediation is relatively unfeasible without economic revenue from crop production. This study involves growth of corn in plots of lead-contaminated agricultural land with Pb concentrations of about 6000 mg/kg. Our results showed that Bright Jean No. 7 corn was highly tolerant to lead, as evidenced by minimal effects on its growth and biomass production. Annually, each hectare of corn could produce up to 93.4 tons of dry matter and removed up to 7.2 kg of lead. The corn biomass grown on such contaminated fields could be used as a bioenergy fuel, and each hectare of corn biomass could produce 1545 GJ of thermal energy every year, which is equivalent to the heat from combustion of 57 tons of hard coal. The lead content in the corn kernel was less than the EU standard limit for animal consumption. Each hectare could produce approximately 25 tons of corn grains for animal feed per year, and the remaining parts of the plant could be used as the bioenergy fuel to generate heat energy equivalent to 40 tons of hard coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Yuan Huang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Cheng Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Chien Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Lin Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41349, Taiwan.
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227
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Zeng G, Wu H, Liang J, Guo S, Huang L, Xu P, Liu Y, Yuan Y, He X, He Y. Efficiency of biochar and compost (or composting) combined amendments for reducing Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb bioavailability, mobility and ecological risk in wetland soil. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar and compost (or composting) combined amendments had higher efficiency for remediation of heavy metals polluted soils.
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228
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Hmid A, Al Chami Z, Sillen W, De Vocht A, Vangronsveld J. Olive mill waste biochar: a promising soil amendment for metal immobilization in contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:1444-1456. [PMID: 25146122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of biochar from olive mill waste for in situ remediation of metal contaminated soils was evaluated. Biochar was mixed with metal contaminated soil originating from the vicinity of an old zinc smelter. Soil-biochar mixtures were equilibrated for 30 and 90 days. At these time points, Ca(NO3)2 exchangeable metals were determined, and effects of the biochar amendment on soil toxicity were investigated using plants, bacteria, and earthworms. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) growth, metal content, antioxidative enzymes activities, and soluble protein contents were determined. Furthermore, effects on soil microbial communities (activity, diversity, richness) were examined using Biolog ECOplates. After 120 days of soil-biochar equilibration, effects on weight and reproduction of Eisenia foetida were evaluated. With increasing biochar application rate and equilibration period, Ca(NO3)2 exchangeable metals decreased, and growth of bean plants improved; leaf metal contents reduced, the activities of antioxidative stress enzymes decreased, and soluble protein contents increased. Soil microbial activity, richness, and diversity were augmented. Earthworm mortality lowered, and their growth and reproduction showed increasing trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Hmid
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università Degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38, 80133, Napoli, Italy,
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229
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Fang G, Zhu C, Dionysiou DD, Gao J, Zhou D. Mechanism of hydroxyl radical generation from biochar suspensions: Implications to diethyl phthalate degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:210-217. [PMID: 25461005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated hydroxyl radical (OH) generation from biochar suspensions for diethyl phthalate (DEP) degradation in the presence of oxygen. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) coupled with a salicylic acid trapping method were used to detect free radicals in biochar and verify OH generation from biochar suspensions. Free radicals (FRs) in biochar could induce OH generation, and ≈12 spins of FRs were consumed to produce one trapped [OH] molecule. The proposed mechanism of OH generation was that FRs in biochar transferred electrons to O2 to produce the superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide, which reacted further with FRs to produce OH. Free radical-quenching studies utilizing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and deferoxamine as scavengers were used to testify this mechanism. Furthermore, OH generated from biochar suspensions could degrade DEP efficiently. These findings of this study provide new insights into the physicochemical properties and environmental implications of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Changyin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China; School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China.
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230
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Bian R, Joseph S, Cui L, Pan G, Li L, Liu X, Zhang A, Rutlidge H, Wong S, Chia C, Marjo C, Gong B, Munroe P, Donne S. A three-year experiment confirms continuous immobilization of cadmium and lead in contaminated paddy field with biochar amendment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 272:121-8. [PMID: 24685528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in croplands has been a serious concern because of its high health risk through soil-food chain transfer. A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar. Contaminated biochar particles were separated from the biochar amended soil and microscopically analyzed to help determine where, and how, metals were immobilized with biochar. Biochar soil amendment (BSA) consistently and significantly increased soil pH, total organic carbon and decreased soil extractable Cd and Pb over the 3 year period. While rice plant tissues' Cd content was significantly reduced, depending on biochar application rate, reduction in plant Pb concentration was found only in root tissue. Analysis of the fresh and contaminated biochar particles indicated that Cd and Pb had probably been bonded with the mineral phases of Al, Fe and P on and around and inside the contaminated biochar particle. Immobilization of the Pb and Cd also occurred to cation exchange on the porous carbon structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Liqiang Cui
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Afeng Zhang
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Helen Rutlidge
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Singwei Wong
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Chee Chia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chris Marjo
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Bin Gong
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Scott Donne
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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231
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Han X, Liang CF, Li TQ, Wang K, Huang HG, Yang XE. Simultaneous removal of cadmium and sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution by rice straw biochar. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:640-9. [PMID: 23825150 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous sorption behavior and characteristics of cadmium (Cd) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on rice straw biochar were investigated. Isotherms of Cd and SMX were well modeled by the Langmuir equation (R(2)>0.95). The calculated maximum adsorption parameter (Q) of Cd was similar in single and binary systems (34129.69 and 35919.54 mg/kg, respectively). However, the Q of SMX in a binary system (9182.74 mg/kg) was much higher than that in a single system (1827.82 mg/kg). The presence of Cd significantly promoted the sorption of SMX on rice straw biochar. When the pH ranged from 3 to 7.5, the sorption of Cd had the characteristics of a parabola pattern with maximum adsorption at pH 5, while the adsorption quantity of SMX decreased with increasing pH, with maximum adsorption at pH 3. The amount of SMX adsorbed on biochar was positively correlated with the surface area of the biochar, and the maximum adsorption occurred with d 250 biochar (biochar with a diameter of 150-250 μm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the removal of Cd and SMX by rice straw biochar may be attributed to precipitation and the formation of surface complexes between Cd or SMX and carboxyl or hydroxyl groups. The results of this study indicate that rice straw biochar has the potential for simultaneous removal of Cd and SMX from co-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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232
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Agrafioti E, Kalderis D, Diamadopoulos E. Arsenic and chromium removal from water using biochars derived from rice husk, organic solid wastes and sewage sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 133:309-14. [PMID: 24412594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochars derived from rice husk, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and sewage sludge, as well as a sandy loam soil, were used as adsorbents for As(V), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. The kinetic study showed that sorption can be well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while simulation of sorption isotherms gave better fit for the Freundlich model. The materials examined removed more than 95% of the initial Cr(III). However, removal rates for As(V) and Cr(VI) anions were significantly lower. Biochar derived from sewage sludge was efficient in removing 89% of Cr(VI) and 53% of As(V). Its ash high Fe2O3 content may have enhanced metal adsorption via precipitation. Soil was the most effective material for the removal of As(V), yet it could not strongly retain metal anions compared to biochars, as a significant amount of the adsorbed metal was released during desorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita Agrafioti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece
| | - Evan Diamadopoulos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece.
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233
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Preparation, Characterization of Bagasse-Based Biochar and its Adsorption Performance in Tropical Soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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234
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Shi W, Liu C, Shu Y, Feng C, Lei Z, Zhang Z. Synergistic effect of rice husk addition on hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: fate and environmental risk of heavy metals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 149:496-502. [PMID: 24140855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) at 200°C was applied to immobilize heavy metals (HMs) and the effect of rice husk (RH) addition was investigated based on total HMs concentration, fractionation and leaching tests. The results indicated that a synergistic effect of RH addition and HTT could be achieved on reducing the risk of HMs from medium and low risk to no risk. Metals were redistributed and transformed from weakly bounded state to stable state during the HTT process under RH addition. Notably at a RH/sludge ratio of 1/1.75 (d.w.), all the HMs showed no eco-toxicity and no leaching toxicity, with the concentrations of leachable Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd decreased by 17%, 89%, 95% and 93%, respectively. This synergistic effect of RH addition and HTT on the risk reduction of HMs implies that HTT process with RH addition could be a promising and safe disposal technology for sewage sludge treatment in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansheng Shi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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235
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Zhang X, Wang H, He L, Lu K, Sarmah A, Li J, Bolan NS, Pei J, Huang H. Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8472-83. [PMID: 23589248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with heavy metals and organic pollutants has increasingly become a serious global environmental issue in recent years. Considerable efforts have been made to remediate contaminated soils. Biochar has a large surface area, and high capacity to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. Biochar can potentially be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils through adsorption and other physicochemical reactions. Biochar is typically an alkaline material which can increase soil pH and contribute to stabilization of heavy metals. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the soil pollution problem. This paper provides an overview on the impact of biochar on the environmental fate and mobility of heavy metals and organic pollutants in contaminated soils and its implication for remediation of contaminated soils. Further research directions are identified to ensure a safe and sustainable use of biochar as a soil amendment for remediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
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236
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Tang J, Zhu W, Kookana R, Katayama A. Characteristics of biochar and its application in remediation of contaminated soil. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:653-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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237
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Xu RK, Zhao AZ. Effect of biochars on adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by three variable charge soils from southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8491-501. [PMID: 23649601 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the relative contribution of different mechanisms to the enhanced adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by variable charge soils due to incorporation of biochars derived from crop straws. The biochars were prepared from the straws of canola and peanut using an oxygen-limited pyrolysis method at 350 °C. The effect of biochars on adsorption and desorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by and from three variable charge soils from southern China was investigated with batch experiments. Based on the desorption of pre-adsorbed heavy metals, the electrostatic and non-electrostatic adsorptions were separated. EDTA was used to replace the heavy metals complexed with biochars and to evaluate the complexing ability of the biochars with the metals. The incorporation of biochars increased the adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by the soil; peanut straw char induced a greater increase in the adsorption of the three metals. The increased percentage of Cd(II) adsorption induced by biochars was much greater than that for the adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II). Cu(II) adsorption on three variable charge soils was enhanced by the two biochars mainly through a non-electrostatic mechanism, while both electrostatic and non-electrostatic mechanisms contributed to the enhanced adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) due to the biochars. Peanut straw char had a greater specific adsorption capacity than canola straw char and thus induced more non-electrostatic adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) by the soils than did the canola straw char. The complexing ability of the biochars with Cu(II) and Pb(II) was much stronger than that with Cd(II) and thus induced more specific adsorption of Cu(II) and Pb(II) by the soils than that of Cd(II). Biochars increased heavy metal adsorption by the variable charge soils through electrostatic and non-electrostatic mechanisms, and the relative contribution of the two mechanisms varied with metals and biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, China,
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238
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Abstract
The objective of the study was the determination of the characteristics and the potential of remediation As polluted soil of three different biochars and straws. Results showed that biochar has better properties and microstructure for heavy metals remediation. Short-term incubation remediation experiments showed that biochars could decreased biological toxicity and mobility of As.
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239
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Jiang J, Xu RK. Application of crop straw derived biochars to Cu(II) contaminated Ultisol: evaluating role of alkali and organic functional groups in Cu(II) immobilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:537-45. [PMID: 23455226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
When Cu(II) contaminated Ultisol was mixed with biochar derived from straw and incubated for 120 d, acid-soluble Cu(II) decreased by 0.08-0.33 mmol/kg due to the liming effect of biochar; 1.00-1.93 mmol/kg due to organic functional groups of biochar when it was added to the soil at 30 g/kg, and by 1.40-2.43 mmol/kg at 50 g/kg. The total functional groups and volatile matter (VM) were significantly related to Cu(II) immobilization (P<0.01), suggesting that it is functional groups in VM that are essential to Cu(II) immobilization in soil. The percentage of acid soluble Cu(II) decreased from 43.07% for the control, to 18.83-27.45% and 11.03-20.97% for the treatments with 30 and 50 g/kg of crop straw biochars added, respectively. The immobilized Cu(II) was primarily transformed to reducible and oxidizable forms. Biochar could retain Cu(II) for at least 120 d, indicating the long-term stability of biochar in Cu(II) immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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