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Bartel F, Vrenken H, Bijma F, Barkhof F, van Herk M, de Munck JC. Regional analysis of volumes and reproducibilities of automatic and manual hippocampal segmentations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0166785. [PMID: 28182655 PMCID: PMC5300281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precise and reproducible hippocampus outlining is important to quantify hippocampal atrophy caused by neurodegenerative diseases and to spare the hippocampus in whole brain radiation therapy when performing prophylactic cranial irradiation or treating brain metastases. This study aimed to quantify systematic differences between methods by comparing regional volume and outline reproducibility of manual, FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer hippocampus segmentations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a dataset from ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative), including 20 healthy controls, 40 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). For each subject back-to-back (BTB) T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE images were acquired at time-point baseline (BL) and 12 months later (M12). Hippocampi segmentations of all methods were converted into triangulated meshes, regional volumes were extracted and regional Jaccard indices were computed between the hippocampi meshes of paired BTB scans to evaluate reproducibility. Regional volumes and Jaccard indices were modelled as a function of group (G), method (M), hemisphere (H), time-point (T), region (R) and interactions. RESULTS For the volume data the model selection procedure yielded the following significant main effects G, M, H, T and R and interaction effects G-R and M-R. The same model was found for the BTB scans. For all methods volumes reduces with the severity of disease. Significant fixed effects for the regional Jaccard index data were M, R and the interaction M-R. For all methods the middle region was most reproducible, independent of diagnostic group. FSL-FIRST was most and FreeSurfer least reproducible. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION A novel method to perform detailed analysis of subtle differences in hippocampus segmentation is proposed. The method showed that hippocampal segmentation reproducibility was best for FSL-FIRST and worst for Freesurfer. We also found systematic regional differences in hippocampal segmentation between different methods reinforcing the need of adopting harmonized protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bartel
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Vrenken
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fetsje Bijma
- Department of Mathematics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Image Analysis Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel van Herk
- Department of Radiotherapy Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jan C. de Munck
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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202
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Boedhoe PS, Schmaal L, Abe Y, Ameis SH, Arnold PD, Batistuzzo MC, Benedetti F, Beucke JC, Bollettini I, Bose A, Brem S, Calvo A, Cheng Y, Cho KIK, Dallaspezia S, Denys D, Fitzgerald KD, Fouche JP, Giménez M, Gruner P, Hanna GL, Hibar DP, Hoexter MQ, Huyser C, Ikari K, Jahanshad N, Kathmann N, Kaufmann C, Koch K, Kwon JS, Lazaro L, Liu Y, Lochner C, Marsh R, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Mataix-Cols D, Menchón JM, Minuzzii L, Nakamae T, Nakao T, Narayanaswamy JC, Piras F, Piras F, Pittenger C, Reddy YJ, Sato JR, Simpson HB, Soreni N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Stevens MC, Szeszko PR, Tolin DF, Venkatasubramanian G, Walitza S, Wang Z, van Wingen GA, Xu J, Xu X, Yun JY, Zhao Q, Thompson PM, Stein DJ, van den Heuvel OA, van den Heuvel OA. Distinct Subcortical Volume Alterations in Pediatric and Adult OCD: A Worldwide Meta- and Mega-Analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:60-69. [PMID: 27609241 PMCID: PMC5344782 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Structural brain imaging studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have produced inconsistent findings. This may be partially due to limited statistical power from relatively small samples and clinical heterogeneity related to variation in illness profile and developmental stage. To address these limitations, the authors conducted meta- and mega-analyses of data from OCD sites worldwide. METHOD T1 images from 1,830 OCD patients and 1,759 control subjects were analyzed, using coordinated and standardized processing, to identify subcortical brain volumes that differ between OCD patients and healthy subjects. The authors performed a meta-analysis on the mean of the left and right hemisphere measures of each subcortical structure, and they performed a mega-analysis by pooling these volumetric measurements from each site. The authors additionally examined potential modulating effects of clinical characteristics on morphological differences in OCD patients. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicated that adult patients had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.13; % difference=-2.80) and larger pallidum volumes (d=0.16; % difference=3.16) compared with adult controls. Both effects were stronger in medicated patients compared with controls (d=-0.29, % difference=-4.18, and d=0.29, % difference=4.38, respectively). Unmedicated pediatric patients had significantly larger thalamic volumes (d=0.38, % difference=3.08) compared with pediatric controls. None of these findings were mediated by sample characteristics, such as mean age or scanning field strength. The mega-analysis yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate different patterns of subcortical abnormalities in pediatric and adult OCD patients. The pallidum and hippocampus seem to be of importance in adult OCD, whereas the thalamus seems to be key in pediatric OCD. These findings highlight the potential importance of neurodevelopmental alterations in OCD and suggest that further research on neuroplasticity in OCD may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premika S.W. Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Free University/VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Free University/VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshinari Abe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stephanie H. Ameis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D. Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcelo C. Batistuzzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Clinical Research Group Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Jan C. Beucke
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Clinical Research Group Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Anushree Bose
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Calvo
- Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kang Ik K. Cho
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sara Dallaspezia
- Clinical Research Group Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate D. Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mònica Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,entro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Gregory L. Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, U.S.A
| | - Marcelo Q. Hoexter
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chaim Huyser
- De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Keisuke Ikari
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, U.S.A
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kaufmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luisa Lazaro
- entro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yanni Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Christine Lochner
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Columbia University Medical College, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A,The Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,entro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano Minuzzii
- Mood Disorders Clinic, St. Joseph’s HealthCare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takashi Nakamae
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan,Department of Neural Computation for Decision-Making, ATR Brain Information Communiciation Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Y.C. Janardhan Reddy
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Joao R. Sato
- Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal Do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - H. Blair Simpson
- Columbia University Medical College, Columbia University, New York, NY, U.S.A,Center for OCD and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Noam Soreni
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, St. Joseph’s HealthCare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,entro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy,Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Michael C. Stevens
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A,Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Philip R. Szeszko
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A,James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - David F. Tolin
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A,Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Clinic, Department of Psychiatry National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guido A. van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | | | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, U.S.A
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Free University/VU university medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Free University/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam; the Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; the Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Clinical Research Group Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan; the Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich; Magnetic Resonance Image Core Facility, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea; the Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town; the Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomèdica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona; the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey; De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; the Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; the Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC) of Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; the Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona; the Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa; Columbia University Medical Center, New York; the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York; the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; the Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Mood Disorders Clinic and the Anxiety Treatment and Research Center, St. Joseph's HealthCare, Hamilton, Canada; the Department of Neural Computation for Decision Making, ATR Brain Information Communiciation Research Laboratory Group, Kyoto, Japan; the Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome; the Center of Mathematics, Computation, and Cognition, Universidade Federal Do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil; the Center for OCD and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; the Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.; the Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, Conn.; the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York; the James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York; the Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn.; the Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai; and the Department of Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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203
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Balderston NL, Vytal KE, O’Connell K, Torrisi S, Letkiewicz A, Ernst M, Grillon C. Anxiety Patients Show Reduced Working Memory Related dlPFC Activation During Safety and Threat. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:25-36. [PMID: 27110997 PMCID: PMC5079837 DOI: 10.1002/da.22518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety patients exhibit deficits in cognitive tasks that require prefrontal control of attention, including those that tap working memory (WM). However, it is unclear whether these deficits reflect threat-related processes or symptoms of the disorder. Here, we distinguish between these hypotheses by determining the effect of shock threat versus safety on the neural substrates of WM performance in anxiety patients and healthy controls. METHODS Patients, diagnosed with generalized and/or social anxiety disorder, and controls performed blocks of an N-back WM task during periods of safety and threat of shock. We recorded blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activity during the task, and investigated the effect of clinical anxiety (patients vs. controls) and threat on WM load-related BOLD activation. RESULTS Behaviorally, patients showed an overall impairment in both accuracy and reaction time compared to controls, independent of threat. At the neural level, patients showed less WM load-related activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region critical for cognitive control. In addition, patients showed less WM load-related deactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, which are regions of the default mode network. Most importantly, these effects were not modulated by threat. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that the cognitive deficits seen in anxiety patients may represent a key component of clinical anxiety, rather than a consequence of threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. Balderston
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine E. Vytal
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine O’Connell
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Salvatore Torrisi
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison Letkiewicz
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Ernst
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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204
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Del Bene VA, Foxe JJ, Ross LA, Krakowski MI, Czobor P, De Sanctis P. Neuroanatomical Abnormalities in Violent Individuals with and without a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168100. [PMID: 28030584 PMCID: PMC5193361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several structural brain abnormalities have been associated with aggression in patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about shared and distinct abnormalities underlying aggression in these subjects and non-psychotic violent individuals. We applied a region-of-interest volumetric analysis of the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus bilaterally, as well as whole brain and ventricular volumes to investigate violent (n = 37) and non-violent chronic patients (n = 26) with schizophrenia, non-psychotic violent (n = 24) as well as healthy control subjects (n = 24). Shared and distinct volumetric abnormalities were probed by analysis of variance with the factors violence (non-violent versus violent) and diagnosis (non-psychotic versus psychotic), adjusted for substance abuse, age, academic achievement and negative psychotic symptoms. Patients showed elevated vCSF volume, smaller left hippocampus and smaller left thalamus volumes. This was particularly the case for non-violent individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Furthermore, patients had reduction in right thalamus size. With regard to left amygdala, we found an interaction between violence and diagnosis. More specifically, we report a double dissociation with smaller amygdala size linked to violence in non-psychotic individuals, while for psychotic patients smaller size was linked to non-violence. Importantly, the double dissociation appeared to be mostly driven by substance abuse. Overall, we found widespread morphometric abnormalities in subcortical regions in schizophrenia. No evidence for shared volumetric abnormalities in individuals with a history of violence was found. Finally, left amygdala abnormalities in non-psychotic violent individuals were largely accounted for by substance abuse. This might be an indication that the association between amygdala reduction and violence is mediated by substance abuse. Our results indicate the importance of structural abnormalities in aggressive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Del Bene
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory Children’s Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC) Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Van Etten, New York, United States of America
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - John J. Foxe
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory Children’s Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC) Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Van Etten, New York, United States of America
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg, NY, United States of America
- The Ernest J. Del Monte Institute for Neuromedicine Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Lars A. Ross
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory Children’s Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC) Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Van Etten, New York, United States of America
| | - Menahem I. Krakowski
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg, NY, United States of America
- New York University Langone Medical Center Department of Psychiatry New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Pal Czobor
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Semmelweis University ÜllőiWay 26, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pierfilippo De Sanctis
- The Sheryl and Daniel R. Tishman Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory Children’s Evaluation and Rehabilitation Center (CERC) Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine Van Etten, New York, United States of America
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg, NY, United States of America
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset, NY, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine Zucker Hillside Hospital Glen Oaks, NY, United States of America
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205
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Marwha D, Halari M, Eliot L. Meta-analysis reveals a lack of sexual dimorphism in human amygdala volume. Neuroimage 2016; 147:282-294. [PMID: 27956206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays a key role in many affective behaviors and psychiatric disorders that differ between men and women. To test whether human amygdala volume (AV) differs reliably between the sexes, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of AVs reported in MRI studies of age-matched healthy male and female groups. Using four search strategies, we identified 46 total studies (58 matched samples) from which we extracted effect sizes for the sex difference in AV. All data were converted to Hedges g values and pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model. Each dataset was further meta-regressed against study year and average participant age. We found that uncorrected amygdala volume is about 10% larger in males, with pooled sex difference effect sizes of g=0.581 for right amygdala (κ=28, n=2022), 0.666 for left amygdala (κ=28, n=2006), and 0.876 for bilateral amygdala (κ=16, n=1585) volumes (all p values < 0.001). However, this difference is comparable to the sex differences in intracranial volume (ICV; g=1.186, p<.001, 11.9% larger in males, κ=11) and total brain volume (TBV; g=1.278, p<0.001, 11.5% larger in males, κ=15) reported in subsets of the same studies, suggesting the sex difference in AV is a product of larger brain size in males. Among studies reporting AVs normalized for ICV or TBV, sex difference effect sizes were small and not statistically significant: g=0.171 for the right amygdala (p=0.206, κ=13, n=1560); 0.233 for the left amygdala (p=0.092, κ=12, n=1512); and 0.257 for bilateral volume (p=0.131, κ=5, n=1629). These values correspond to less than 0.1% larger corrected right AV and 2.5% larger corrected left AV in males compared to females. In summary, AV is not selectively enhanced in human males, as often claimed. Although we cannot rule out subtle male-female group differences, it is not accurate to refer to the human amygdala as "sexually dimorphic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Marwha
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States
| | - Meha Halari
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States
| | - Lise Eliot
- Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, United States.
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206
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O'Shea A, Cohen RA, Porges EC, Nissim NR, Woods AJ. Cognitive Aging and the Hippocampus in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:298. [PMID: 28008314 PMCID: PMC5143675 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most well studied structures in the human brain. While age-related decline in hippocampal volume is well documented, most of our knowledge about hippocampal structure-function relationships was discovered in the context of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between cognitive aging and hippocampal structure in the absence of disease remains relatively understudied. Furthermore, the few studies that have investigated the role of the hippocampus in cognitive aging have produced contradictory results. To address these issues, we assessed 93 older adults from the general community (mean age = 71.9 ± 9.3 years) on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a brief cognitive screening measure for dementia, and the NIH Toolbox-Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB), a computerized neurocognitive battery. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to estimate hippocampal volume. Lower MoCA Total (p = 0.01) and NIHTB-CB Fluid Cognition (p < 0.001) scores were associated with decreased hippocampal volume, even while controlling for sex and years of education. Decreased hippocampal volume was significantly associated with decline in multiple NIHTB-CB subdomains, including episodic memory, working memory, processing speed and executive function. This study provides important insight into the multifaceted role of the hippocampus in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole R Nissim
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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207
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Manual segmentation of the human bed nucleus of the stria terminalis using 3T MRI. Neuroimage 2016; 146:288-292. [PMID: 27876653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-a small gray matter region located in the basal forebrain-has been implicated in both anxiety and addiction based on compelling evidence from rodent and non-human primate studies. However, the BNST's small size and proximity to other gray matter regions has hindered non-invasive study in human subjects using standard neuroimaging methods. While initial studies have benefitted from a BNST mask created from a single human subject using a 7T scanner, individual variability is likely-especially in patient populations-thus a manual segmentation protocol is needed. Here we report on the development of a reliable manual segmentation protocol performed on 3T MRI images using a scanning sequence that provides high gray matter/white matter/cerebrospinal fluid contrast. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities, measured in 10 healthy individuals, demonstrate that the protocol can be reliably implemented (intra-rater Dice similarity coefficient≥0.85, inter-rater≥0.77). This BNST tracing protocol provides the necessary foundation for future 3T MRI studies of the BNST in healthy controls and patient populations.
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208
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Abstract
Volumetric and morphometric neuroimaging studies of the basal ganglia and thalamus in pediatric populations have utilized existing automated segmentation tools including FIRST (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool) and FreeSurfer. These segmentation packages, however, are mostly based on adult training data. Given that there are marked differences between the pediatric and adult brain, it is likely an age-specific segmentation technique will produce more accurate segmentation results. In this study, we describe a new automated segmentation technique for analysis of 7-year-old basal ganglia and thalamus, called Pediatric Subcortical Segmentation Technique (PSST). PSST consists of a probabilistic 7-year-old subcortical gray matter atlas (accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen and thalamus) combined with a customized segmentation pipeline using existing tools: ANTs (Advanced Normalization Tools) and SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping). The segmentation accuracy of PSST in 7-year-old data was compared against FIRST and FreeSurfer, relative to manual segmentation as the ground truth, utilizing spatial overlap (Dice's coefficient), volume correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) and limits of agreement (Bland-Altman plots). PSST achieved spatial overlap scores ≥90% and ICC scores ≥0.77 when compared with manual segmentation, for all structures except the accumbens. Compared with FIRST and FreeSurfer, PSST showed higher spatial overlap (p FDR < 0.05) and ICC scores, with less volumetric bias according to Bland-Altman plots. PSST is a customized segmentation pipeline with an age-specific atlas that accurately segments typical and atypical basal ganglia and thalami at age 7 years, and has the potential to be applied to other pediatric datasets.
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209
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Hosseini MP, Nazem-Zadeh MR, Pompili D, Jafari-Khouzani K, Elisevich K, Soltanian-Zadeh H. Comparative performance evaluation of automated segmentation methods of hippocampus from magnetic resonance images of temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Med Phys 2016; 43:538. [PMID: 26745947 DOI: 10.1118/1.4938411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Segmentation of the hippocampus from magnetic resonance (MR) images is a key task in the evaluation of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients. Several automated algorithms have been proposed although manual segmentation remains the benchmark. Choosing a reliable algorithm is problematic since structural definition pertaining to multiple edges, missing and fuzzy boundaries, and shape changes varies among mTLE subjects. Lack of statistical references and guidance for quantifying the reliability and reproducibility of automated techniques has further detracted from automated approaches. The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and statistical approach using a large dataset for the evaluation of automated methods and establish a method that would achieve results better approximating those attained by manual tracing in the epileptogenic hippocampus. METHODS A template database of 195 (81 males, 114 females; age range 32-67 yr, mean 49.16 yr) MR images of mTLE patients was used in this study. Hippocampal segmentation was accomplished manually and by two well-known tools (FreeSurfer and hammer) and two previously published methods developed at their institution [Automatic brain structure segmentation (ABSS) and LocalInfo]. To establish which method was better performing for mTLE cases, several voxel-based, distance-based, and volume-based performance metrics were considered. Statistical validations of the results using automated techniques were compared with the results of benchmark manual segmentation. Extracted metrics were analyzed to find the method that provided a more similar result relative to the benchmark. RESULTS Among the four automated methods, ABSS generated the most accurate results. For this method, the Dice coefficient was 5.13%, 14.10%, and 16.67% higher, Hausdorff was 22.65%, 86.73%, and 69.58% lower, precision was 4.94%, -4.94%, and 12.35% higher, and the root mean square (RMS) was 19.05%, 61.90%, and 65.08% lower than LocalInfo, FreeSurfer, and hammer, respectively. The Bland-Altman similarity analysis revealed a low bias for the ABSS and LocalInfo techniques compared to the others. CONCLUSIONS The ABSS method for automated hippocampal segmentation outperformed other methods, best approximating what could be achieved by manual tracing. This study also shows that four categories of input data can cause automated segmentation methods to fail. They include incomplete studies, artifact, low signal-to-noise ratio, and inhomogeneity. Different scanner platforms and pulse sequences were considered as means by which to improve reliability of the automated methods. Other modifications were specially devised to enhance a particular method assessed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Parsa Hosseini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854 and Medical Image Analysis Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Research Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Research Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Dario Pompili
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854
| | - Kourosh Jafari-Khouzani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Kost Elisevich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 and Division of Neurosurgery, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh
- Medical Image Analysis Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Research Administration, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202; Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran; and School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Tehran 1954856316, Iran
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210
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Harrisberger F, Buechler R, Smieskova R, Lenz C, Walter A, Egloff L, Bendfeldt K, Simon AE, Wotruba D, Theodoridou A, Rössler W, Riecher-Rössler A, Lang UE, Heekeren K, Borgwardt S. Alterations in the hippocampus and thalamus in individuals at high risk for psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2016; 2:16033. [PMID: 27738647 PMCID: PMC5040554 DOI: 10.1038/npjschz.2016.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in hippocampal volume is a hallmark of schizophrenia and already present in the
clinical high-risk state. Nevertheless, other subcortical structures, such as the
thalamus, amygdala and pallidum can differentiate schizophrenia patients from controls. We
studied the role of hippocampal and subcortical structures in clinical high-risk
individuals from two cohorts. High-resolution T1-weighted structural MRI brain
scans of a total of 91 clinical high-risk individuals and 64 healthy controls were
collected in two centers. The bilateral volume of the hippocampus, the thalamus, the
caudate, the putamen, the pallidum, the amygdala, and the accumbens were automatically
segmented using FSL-FIRST. A linear mixed-effects model and a prospective meta-analysis
were applied to assess group-related volumetric differences. We report reduced hippocampal
and thalamic volumes in clinical high-risk individuals compared to healthy controls. No
volumetric alterations were detected for the caudate, the putamen, the pallidum, the
amygdala, or the accumbens. Moreover, we found comparable medium effect sizes for
group-related comparison of the thalamus in the two analytical methods. These findings
underline the relevance of specific alterations in the hippocampal and subcortical volumes
in the high-risk state. Further analyses may allow hippocampal and thalamic volumes to be
used as biomarkers to predict psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Buechler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renata Smieskova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Centre, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Egloff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Bendfeldt
- Medical Image Analysis Centre, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andor E Simon
- Specialized Early Psychosis Outpatient Service for Adolescents and Young Adults, Department of Psychiatry , Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Diana Wotruba
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anastasia Theodoridou
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wulf Rössler
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karsten Heekeren
- The Zurich Program for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Centre, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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211
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Lyden H, Gimbel SI, Del Piero L, Tsai AB, Sachs ME, Kaplan JT, Margolin G, Saxbe D. Associations between Family Adversity and Brain Volume in Adolescence: Manual vs. Automated Brain Segmentation Yields Different Results. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:398. [PMID: 27656121 PMCID: PMC5011142 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between brain structure and early adversity have been inconsistent in the literature. These inconsistencies may be partially due to methodological differences. Different methods of brain segmentation may produce different results, obscuring the relationship between early adversity and brain volume. Moreover, adolescence is a time of significant brain growth and certain brain areas have distinct rates of development, which may compromise the accuracy of automated segmentation approaches. In the current study, 23 adolescents participated in two waves of a longitudinal study. Family aggression was measured when the youths were 12 years old, and structural scans were acquired an average of 4 years later. Bilateral amygdalae and hippocampi were segmented using three different methods (manual tracing, FSL, and NeuroQuant). The segmentation estimates were compared, and linear regressions were run to assess the relationship between early family aggression exposure and all three volume segmentation estimates. Manual tracing results showed a positive relationship between family aggression and right amygdala volume, whereas FSL segmentation showed negative relationships between family aggression and both the left and right hippocampi. However, results indicate poor overlap between methods, and different associations were found between early family aggression exposure and brain volume depending on the segmentation method used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lyden
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah I Gimbel
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Larissa Del Piero
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bryna Tsai
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Sachs
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonas T Kaplan
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darby Saxbe
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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212
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Yu ZB, Peng J, Lv YB, Zhao M, Xie B, Liang ML, Li HT, Zhou ZH. Different mean thickness implicates involvement of the cortex in migraine. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4824. [PMID: 27631235 PMCID: PMC5402578 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of neuroimaging studies on migraines have shown that the functions and functional connectivity networks of some brain regions are altered in migraine patients, and different brain structure volumes have also been observed in recent years. However, it is still not known whether the mean thickness of the cortex is different in migraine patients.A total of 48 migraine without aura (MWoA) patients in interictal phase and 48 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All subjects received neurological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Automatic segmentation processing of high-resolution MRI structure images was performed using FreeSurfer software.The mean cortical thickness of many brain regions in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and insula in the migraine patient group was significantly decreased compared with that in the healthy control group. The mean cortical thickness of the insula anterior was positively correlated with the duration of the disease course, while the mean cortical thickness of insula superior and insula inferior was negatively correlated with the duration of the disease course.The results showed that MWoA results from a complex interactive reaction involving many brain regions and many brain network systems together. However, it is still not clear whether the difference in the brain structure of migraine patients is the result or the cause of headache, which is a topic that must be better elucidated. Therefore, longitudinal neuroimaging studies on migraine patients with large samples sizes should be performed using more advanced neuroimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-bo Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
- Department of Medical Imaging, PLA No.324 Hospital
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Yan-bing Lv
- Department of General Surgery, PLA No.324 Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Bing Xie
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Ming-long Liang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Hai-tao Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
| | - Zhen-hua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University
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213
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Lerma‐Usabiaga G, Iglesias JE, Insausti R, Greve DN, Paz‐Alonso PM. Automated segmentation of the human hippocampus along its longitudinal axis. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:3353-67. [PMID: 27159325 PMCID: PMC6867285 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human hippocampal formation is a crucial brain structure for memory and cognitive function that is closely related to other subcortical and cortical brain regions. Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed differences along the hippocampal longitudinal axis in terms of structure, connectivity, and function, stressing the importance of improving the reliability of the available segmentation methods that are typically used to divide the hippocampus into its anterior and posterior parts. However, current segmentation conventions present two main sources of variability related to manual operations intended to correct in-scanner head position across subjects and the selection of dividing planes along the longitudinal axis. Here, our aim was twofold: (1) to characterize inter- and intra-rater variability associated with these manual operations and compare manual (landmark based) and automatic (percentage based) hippocampal anterior-posterior segmentation procedures; and (2) to propose and test automated rotation methods based on approximating the hippocampal longitudinal axis to a straight line (estimated with principal component analysis, PCA) or a quadratic Bézier curve (fitted with numerical methods); as well as an automated anterior-posterior hippocampal segmentation procedure based on the percentage-based method. Our results reveal that automated rotation and segmentation procedures, used in combination or independently, minimize inconsistencies generated by the accumulation of manual operations while providing higher statistical power to detect well-known effects. A Matlab-based implementation of these procedures is made publicly available to the research community. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3353-3367, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Regional Center for Biomedical Research, School of MedicineUniversity of Castilla‐La ManchaAlbaceteSpain
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUS
| | - Pedro M. Paz‐Alonso
- BCBL. Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and LanguageDonostia‐San SebastiánSpain
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214
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Mao CP, Yang HJ. Smaller Amygdala Volumes in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain Compared With Healthy Control Individuals. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2016; 16:1366-1376. [PMID: 26431880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although preclinical and clinical data strongly support an association between the amygdala and chronic pain by the presence of mood and cognitive disturbances in affected individuals, little attention has been paid to morphometric measurement of the structure in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). In the present study, magnetic resonance volumetric and surface analysis, using FMRIB's integrated registration and segmentation tool (FIRST), were performed to compare structural magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 33 patients with CLBP with those obtained from 33 demographically similar healthy control individuals. Our results indicated that the normalized volumes of the left and right amygdala were significantly smaller in the CLBP group than in the control group. Detailed surface analyses further localized these differences. The degree of volume reduction was different between the left and right amygdala, with a greater involvement of the left side. Both groups exhibited similar significant hemispheric asymmetry for the amygdala (left > right). Similar asymmetry was suggested in the subgroup of 24 unmedicated patients. No significant correlations were found between amygdala volumes and pain characteristics or depressive symptoms. Our study provides in vivo imaging evidence of abnormal morphology of the amygdala in patients with CLBP using a fully automated segmentation method. PERSPECTIVE Our study found that patients with CLBP had statistically significantly smaller normalized volumes of the bilateral amygdala, compared with healthy control individuals, with a greater involvement of the left side. These results may help to characterize the impaired affective-cognitive dimension in patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ping Mao
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.
| | - Hua Juan Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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215
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De Rossi P, Dacquino C, Piras F, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Left nucleus accumbens atrophy in deficit schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:48-55. [PMID: 27322868 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A question that remains to be answered is whether schizophrenia can be characterized by a single etiopathophysiology or whether separate sub-syndromes should be differentiated to define specific mechanisms for each sub-type. Individuals affected by the deficit subtype of schizophrenia (DSZ) display avolitional/amotivational features that respond poorly to conventional treatments. Characterizing DSZ from a neuroanatomical point of view may help clarify this issue and develop new treatment strategies. To determine if DSZ is associated with structural alterations in specific deep grey matter structures linked to its key clinical features, 22 DSZ patients, 22 non-deficit schizophrenia (NDSZ) patients and 22 healthy controls (HC) were recruited for a case-control cross-sectional study. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed in all subjects and volumes of deep grey matter structures were measured using FreeSurfer. DSZ patients displayed smaller left accumbens volumes compared to both NDSZ patients and HC. Moreover, age and duration of illness were significantly associated with lower volume of the left accumbens in DSZ but not in NDSZ. Findings indicate that DSZ is associated with lower volume of the nucleus accumbens in the dominant hemisphere. This is consistent with the psychopathological features and functional impairments present in DSZ and thus indicates a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro De Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy; Department NESMOS, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University "Sapienza" of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Dacquino
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy; Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, "Tor Vergata" University, 00173, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179, Rome, Italy; Beth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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216
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Haarman BCM'B, Burger H, Doorduin J, Renken RJ, Sibeijn-Kuiper AJ, Marsman JBC, de Vries EFJ, de Groot JC, Drexhage HA, Mendes R, Nolen WA, Riemersma-Van der Lek RF. Volume, metabolites and neuroinflammation of the hippocampus in bipolar disorder - A combined magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography study. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:21-33. [PMID: 26348581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus is one of the brain regions that is involved in several pathophysiological theories about bipolar disorder (BD), such as the neuroinflammation theory and the corticolimbic metabolic dysregulation theory. We compared hippocampal volume and hippocampal metabolites in bipolar I disorder (BD-I) patients versus healthy controls (HCs) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). We post hoc investigated whether hippocampal volume and hippocampal metabolites were associated with microglial activation and explored if potential illness modifying factors affected these hippocampal measurements and whether these were associated with experienced mood and functioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two BD-I patients and twenty-four HCs were included in the analyses. All subjects underwent psychiatric interviews as well as an MRI scan, including a T1 scan and PRESS magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Volumetric analysis was performed with Freesurfer. MRS quantification was performed with LC Model. A subgroup of 14 patients and 11 HCs also underwent a successful [(11)C]-(R)-PK11195 neuroinflammation positron emission tomography scan. RESULTS In contrast to our hypothesis, hippocampal volumes were not decreased in patients compared to HC after correcting for individual whole-brain volume variations. We demonstrated decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA)+N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG) and creatine (Cr)+phosphocreatine (PCr) concentrations in the left hippocampus. In the explorative analyses in the left hippocampus we identified positive associations between microglial activation and the NAA+NAAG concentration, between alcohol use and NAA+NAAG concentration, between microglial activation and the depression score and a negative relation between Cr+PCr concentration and experienced occupational disability. Duration of illness associated positively with volume bilaterally. CONCLUSION Compared to HCs, the decreased NAA+NAAG concentration in the left hippocampus of BD-I patients suggests a decreased neuronal integrity in this region. In addition we found a positive relation between microglial activation and neuronal integrity in vivo, corresponding to a differentiated microglial function where some microglia induce apoptosis while others stimulate neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomeus C M 'Benno' Haarman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; Radiology Morphological Solutions, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands.
| | - Huibert Burger
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of General Practice, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- University of Groningen, Neuroimaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Erik F J de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Cees de Groot
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Radiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Erasmus MC, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Mendes
- Radiology Morphological Solutions, Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Nolen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rixt F Riemersma-Van der Lek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
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217
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Kandola A, Hendrikse J, Lucassen PJ, Yücel M. Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:373. [PMID: 27524962 PMCID: PMC4965462 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise (AE) has been widely praised for its potential benefits to cognition and overall brain and mental health. In particular, AE has a potent impact on promoting the function of the hippocampus and stimulating neuroplasticity. As the evidence-base rapidly builds, and given most of the supporting work can be readily translated from animal models to humans, the potential for AE to be applied as a therapeutic or adjunctive intervention for a range of human conditions appears ever more promising. Notably, many psychiatric and neurological disorders have been associated with hippocampal dysfunction, which may underlie the expression of certain symptoms common to these disorders, including (aspects of) cognitive dysfunction. Augmenting existing treatment approaches using AE based interventions may promote hippocampal function and alleviate cognitive deficits in various psychiatric disorders that currently remain untreated. Incorporating non-pharmacological interventions into clinical treatment may also have a number of other benefits to patient well being, such as limiting the risk of adverse side effects. This review incorporates both animal and human literature to comprehensively detail how AE is associated with cognitive enhancements and stimulates a cascade of neuroplastic mechanisms that support improvements in hippocampal functioning. Using the examples of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, the utility and implementation of an AE intervention to the clinical domain will be proposed, aimed to reduce cognitive deficits in these, and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, MelbourneVIC, Australia; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Lab, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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218
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Lyons-Ruth K, Pechtel P, Yoon SA, Anderson CM, Teicher MH. Disorganized attachment in infancy predicts greater amygdala volume in adulthood. Behav Brain Res 2016; 308:83-93. [PMID: 27060720 PMCID: PMC5017306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress in rodents is associated with increased amygdala volume in adulthood. In humans, the amygdala develops rapidly during the first two years of life. Thus, disturbed care during this period may be particularly important to amygdala development. In the context of a 30-year longitudinal study of impoverished, highly stressed families, we assessed whether disorganization of the attachment relationship in infancy was related to amygdala volume in adulthood. Amygdala volumes were assessed among 18 low-income young adults (8M/10F, 29.33±0.49years) first observed in infancy (8.5±5.6months) and followed longitudinally to age 29. In infancy (18.58±1.02mos), both disorganized infant attachment behavior and disrupted maternal communication were assessed in the standard Strange Situation Procedure (SSP). Increased left amygdala volume in adulthood was associated with both maternal and infant components of disorganized attachment interactions at 18 months of age (overall r=0.679, p<0.004). Later stressors, including childhood maltreatment and attachment disturbance in adolescence, were not significantly related to left amygdala volume. Left amygdala volume was further associated with dissociation and limbic irritability in adulthood. Finally, left amygdala volume mediated the prediction from attachment disturbance in infancy to limbic irritability in adulthood. Results point to the likely importance of quality of early care for amygdala development in human children as well as in rodents. The long-term prediction found here suggests that the first two years of life may be an early sensitive period for amygdala development during which clinical intervention could have particularly important consequences for later child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lyons-Ruth
- Biobehavioral Family Studies Research Program, Cambridge Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States.
| | - P Pechtel
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - S A Yoon
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, United States
| | - C M Anderson
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, United States; Brain Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - M H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, United States
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219
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Johnson CL, Schwarb H, D J McGarry M, Anderson AT, Huesmann GR, Sutton BP, Cohen NJ. Viscoelasticity of subcortical gray matter structures. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4221-4233. [PMID: 27401228 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelastic mechanical properties of the brain assessed with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) are sensitive measures of microstructural tissue health in neurodegenerative conditions. Recent efforts have targeted measurements localized to specific neuroanatomical regions differentially affected in disease. In this work, we present a method for measuring the viscoelasticity in subcortical gray matter (SGM) structures, including the amygdala, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus. The method is based on incorporating high spatial resolution MRE imaging (1.6 mm isotropic voxels) with a mechanical inversion scheme designed to improve local measures in pre-defined regions (soft prior regularization [SPR]). We find that in 21 healthy, young volunteers SGM structures differ from each other in viscoelasticity, quantified as the shear stiffness and damping ratio, but also differ from the global viscoelasticity of the cerebrum. Through repeated examinations on a single volunteer, we estimate the uncertainty to be between 3 and 7% for each SGM measure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the use of specific methodological considerations-higher spatial resolution and SPR-both decrease uncertainty and increase sensitivity of the SGM measures. The proposed method allows for reliable MRE measures of SGM viscoelasticity for future studies of neurodegenerative conditions. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4221-4233, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Johnson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Matthew D J McGarry
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755
| | - Aaron T Anderson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Graham R Huesmann
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Carle Neuroscience Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, 61820
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220
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Comparison of automated brain volumetry methods with stereology in children aged 2 to 3 years. Neuroradiology 2016; 58:901-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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221
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Isolated amygdala enlargement in temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 60:33-41. [PMID: 27176882 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the seizure characteristics and treatment outcomes in patient groups with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) identified with isolated amygdala enlargement (AE) on magnetic resonance imaging studies. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies using the keywords 'amygdala enlargement', 'epilepsy', and 'seizures' in April 2015. Human studies, written in English, that investigated cohorts of patients with TLE and AE were included. RESULTS Of 204 abstracts initially identified using the search strategy, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria (11 epilepsy studies and 3 psychiatry studies). Ultimately, 8 full studies on AE and TLE involving 107 unique patients were analyzed. Gender distribution consisted of 50 males and 57 females. Right amygdala enlargement was seen in 39 patients, left enlargement in 58 patients, and bilateral enlargement in 7 patients. Surgical resection was performed in 28 patients, with the most common finding being dysplasia/hamartoma or focal cortical dysplasia. Most studies involved small samples of less than 12 patients. There was a wide discrepancy in the methods used to measure amygdala volume, in both patients and controls, hindering comparisons. Most TLE with AE studies observed a later age of seizure onset (mean: 32.2years) compared with studies involving TLE with HS (mean of mid- to late childhood). A higher frequency of complex partial seizures compared with that of convulsive seizures is seen in patients with AE (67-100% vs. 26-47%), and they have an excellent response to antiepileptic drugs (81.8%-100% of seizure-free patients). All studies that included controls also found a significant difference in frequency of seizure types between their cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Reliable assessment of amygdala volume remains a critical issue hindering better understanding of the clinical management and research of this focal epilepsy syndrome. Within these limitations, the literature suggests characteristics of an older age of epilepsy onset, a greater tendency to nonconvulsive seizures, and a good response to antiepileptic drugs in this interesting group of epilepsies.
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222
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Cover KS, van Schijndel RA, Versteeg A, Leung KK, Mulder ER, Jong RA, Visser PJ, Redolfi A, Revillard J, Grenier B, Manset D, Damangir S, Bosco P, Vrenken H, van Dijk BW, Frisoni GB, Barkhof F. Reproducibility of hippocampal atrophy rates measured with manual, FreeSurfer, AdaBoost, FSL/FIRST and the MAPS-HBSI methods in Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 252:26-35. [PMID: 27179313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the reproducibility of hippocampal atrophy rate measurements of commonly used fully-automated algorithms in Alzheimer disease (AD). The reproducibility of hippocampal atrophy rate for FSL/FIRST, AdaBoost, FreeSurfer, MAPS independently and MAPS combined with the boundary shift integral (MAPS-HBSI) were calculated. Back-to-back (BTB) 3D T1-weighted MPRAGE MRI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI1) study at baseline and year one were used. Analysis on 3 groups of subjects was performed - 562 subjects at 1.5T, a 75 subject group that also had manual segmentation and 111 subjects at 3T. A simple and novel statistical test based on the binomial distribution was used that handled outlying data points robustly. Median hippocampal atrophy rates were -1.1%/year for healthy controls, -3.0%/year for mildly cognitively impaired and -5.1%/year for AD subjects. The best reproducibility was observed for MAPS-HBSI (1.3%), while the other methods tested had reproducibilities at least 50% higher at 1.5T and 3T which was statistically significant. For a clinical trial, MAPS-HBSI should require less than half the subjects of the other methods tested. All methods had good accuracy versus manual segmentation. The MAPS-HBSI method has substantially better reproducibility than the other methods considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith S Cover
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | - Emma R Mulder
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remko A Jong
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Bosco
- IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy
| | - Hugo Vrenken
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Italy; University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
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223
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Schmaal L, Veltman DJ, van Erp TGM, Sämann PG, Frodl T, Jahanshad N, Loehrer E, Tiemeier H, Hofman A, Niessen WJ, Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Wittfeld K, Grabe HJ, Block A, Hegenscheid K, Völzke H, Hoehn D, Czisch M, Lagopoulos J, Hatton SN, Hickie IB, Goya-Maldonado R, Krämer B, Gruber O, Couvy-Duchesne B, Rentería ME, Strike LT, Mills NT, de Zubicaray GI, McMahon KL, Medland SE, Martin NG, Gillespie NA, Wright MJ, Hall GB, MacQueen GM, Frey EM, Carballedo A, van Velzen LS, van Tol MJ, van der Wee NJ, Veer IM, Walter H, Schnell K, Schramm E, Normann C, Schoepf D, Konrad C, Zurowski B, Nickson T, McIntosh AM, Papmeyer M, Whalley HC, Sussmann JE, Godlewska BR, Cowen PJ, Fischer FH, Rose M, Penninx BWJH, Thompson PM, Hibar DP. Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:806-12. [PMID: 26122586 PMCID: PMC4879183 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 696] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of structural brain alterations associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unresolved. This is in part due to small sample sizes of neuroimaging studies resulting in limited statistical power, disease heterogeneity and the complex interactions between clinical characteristics and brain morphology. To address this, we meta-analyzed three-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 1728 MDD patients and 7199 controls from 15 research samples worldwide, to identify subcortical brain volumes that robustly discriminate MDD patients from healthy controls. Relative to controls, patients had significantly lower hippocampal volumes (Cohen's d=-0.14, % difference=-1.24). This effect was driven by patients with recurrent MDD (Cohen's d=-0.17, % difference=-1.44), and we detected no differences between first episode patients and controls. Age of onset ⩽21 was associated with a smaller hippocampus (Cohen's d=-0.20, % difference=-1.85) and a trend toward smaller amygdala (Cohen's d=-0.11, % difference=-1.23) and larger lateral ventricles (Cohen's d=0.12, % difference=5.11). Symptom severity at study inclusion was not associated with any regional brain volumes. Sample characteristics such as mean age, proportion of antidepressant users and proportion of remitted patients, and methodological characteristics did not significantly moderate alterations in brain volumes in MDD. Samples with a higher proportion of antipsychotic medication users showed larger caudate volumes in MDD patients compared with controls. This currently largest worldwide effort to identify subcortical brain alterations showed robust smaller hippocampal volumes in MDD patients, moderated by age of onset and first episode versus recurrent episode status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schmaal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 74077, Amsterdam 1070 BB, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P G Sämann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - T Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - E Loehrer
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W J Niessen
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Imaging Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Departments of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany
| | - H J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock/Greifswald, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,Helios Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - A Block
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - J Lagopoulos
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - S N Hatton
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - I B Hickie
- Clinical Research Unit, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - R Goya-Maldonado
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - B Krämer
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - O Gruber
- Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - B Couvy-Duchesne
- NeuroImaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M E Rentería
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - L T Strike
- NeuroImaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N T Mills
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G I de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - K L McMahon
- Center for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S E Medland
- Quantitative Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M J Wright
- NeuroImaging Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - G B Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - G M MacQueen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - E M Frey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Carballedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neuroscience, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L S van Velzen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J van Tol
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, NeuroImaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N J van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I M Veer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Schnell
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Schramm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - C Normann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - D Schoepf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Konrad
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Zurowski
- Center for Integrative Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T Nickson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B R Godlewska
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - F H Fischer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemology and Health Economics, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Rose
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
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Evans GW, Swain JE, King AP, Wang X, Javanbakht A, Ho SS, Angstadt M, Phan KL, Xie H, Liberzon I. Childhood Cumulative Risk Exposure and Adult Amygdala Volume and Function. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:535-43. [PMID: 26469872 PMCID: PMC4833698 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Considerable work indicates that early cumulative risk exposure is aversive to human development, but very little research has examined the neurological underpinnings of these robust findings. This study investigates amygdala volume and reactivity to facial stimuli among adults (mean 23.7 years of age, n = 54) as a function of cumulative risk exposure during childhood (9 and 13 years of age). In addition, we test to determine whether expected cumulative risk elevations in amygdala volume would mediate functional reactivity of the amygdala during socioemotional processing. Risks included substandard housing quality, noise, crowding, family turmoil, child separation from family, and violence. Total and left hemisphere adult amygdala volumes were positively related to cumulative risk exposure during childhood. The links between childhood cumulative risk exposure and elevated amygdala responses to emotionally neutral facial stimuli in adulthood were mediated by the corresponding amygdala volumes. Cumulative risk exposure in later adolescence (17 years of age), however, was unrelated to subsequent adult amygdala volume or function. Physical and socioemotional risk exposures early in life appear to alter amygdala development, rendering adults more reactive to ambiguous stimuli such as neutral faces. These stress-related differences in childhood amygdala development might contribute to the well-documented psychological distress as a function of early risk exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Evans
- Departments of Design and Environmental Analysis and of Human Development, Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anthony P King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arash Javanbakht
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - S Shaun Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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225
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Sterling N, Lewis M, Du G, Huang X. Structural Imaging and Parkinson's Disease: Moving Toward Quantitative Markers of Disease Progression. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2016; 6:557-67. [PMID: 27258697 PMCID: PMC5008231 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-160824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Although the pathological hallmark of PD is dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra pars compacta, widespread neurodegenerative changes occur throughout the brain as disease progresses. Postmortem studies, for example, have demonstrated the presence of Lewy pathology, apoptosis, and loss of neurotransmitters and interneurons in both cortical and subcortical regions of PD patients. Many in vivo structural imaging studies have attempted to gauge PD-related pathology, particularly in gray matter, with the hope of identifying an imaging biomarker. Reports of brain atrophy in PD, however, have been inconsistent, most likely due to differences in the studied populations (i.e. different disease stages and/or clinical subtypes), experimental designs (i.e. cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), and image analysis methodologies (i.e. automatic vs. manual segmentation). This review attempts to summarize the current state of gray matter structural imaging research in PD in relationship to disease progression, reconciling some of the differences in reported results, and to identify challenges and future avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.W. Sterling
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - M.M. Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - G. Du
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - X. Huang
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University-Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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226
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Subcortical matter in the α-synucleinopathies spectrum: an MRI pilot study. J Neurol 2016; 263:1575-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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227
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Wang JY, Ngo MM, Hessl D, Hagerman RJ, Rivera SM. Robust Machine Learning-Based Correction on Automatic Segmentation of the Cerebellum and Brainstem. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156123. [PMID: 27213683 PMCID: PMC4877064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated segmentation is a useful method for studying large brain structures such as the cerebellum and brainstem. However, automated segmentation may lead to inaccuracy and/or undesirable boundary. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether SegAdapter, a machine learning-based method, is useful for automatically correcting large segmentation errors and disagreement in anatomical definition. We further assessed the robustness of the method in handling size of training set, differences in head coil usage, and amount of brain atrophy. High resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 30 healthy controls scanned with either an 8-channel or 32-channel head coil. Ten patients, who suffered from brain atrophy because of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, were scanned using the 32-channel head coil. The initial segmentations of the cerebellum and brainstem were generated automatically using Freesurfer. Subsequently, Freesurfer's segmentations were both manually corrected to serve as the gold standard and automatically corrected by SegAdapter. Using only 5 scans in the training set, spatial overlap with manual segmentation in Dice coefficient improved significantly from 0.956 (for Freesurfer segmentation) to 0.978 (for SegAdapter-corrected segmentation) for the cerebellum and from 0.821 to 0.954 for the brainstem. Reducing the training set size to 2 scans only decreased the Dice coefficient ≤0.002 for the cerebellum and ≤ 0.005 for the brainstem compared to the use of training set size of 5 scans in corrective learning. The method was also robust in handling differences between the training set and the test set in head coil usage and the amount of brain atrophy, which reduced spatial overlap only by <0.01. These results suggest that the combination of automated segmentation and corrective learning provides a valuable method for accurate and efficient segmentation of the cerebellum and brainstem, particularly in large-scale neuroimaging studies, and potentially for segmenting other neural regions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi Wang
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Ngo
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - David Hessl
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Randi J. Hagerman
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Rivera
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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228
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Schwarb H, Johnson CL, McGarry MDJ, Cohen NJ. Medial temporal lobe viscoelasticity and relational memory performance. Neuroimage 2016; 132:534-541. [PMID: 26931816 PMCID: PMC4970644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional imaging studies have been among converging lines of evidence demonstrating the importance of the hippocampus in successful memory performance. The advent of a novel neuroimaging technique - magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) - now makes it possible for us to investigate the relationship between the microstructural integrity of hippocampal tissue and successful memory processing. Mechanical properties of brain tissue estimated with MRE provide a measure of the integrity of the underlying tissue microstructure and have proven to be sensitive measures of tissue health in neurodegeneration. However, until recently, MRE methods lacked sufficient resolution necessary to accurately examine specific neuroanatomical structures in the brain, and thus could not contribute to examination of specific structure-function relationships. In this study, we took advantage of recent developments in MRE spatial resolution and mechanical inversion techniques to measure the viscoelastic properties of the human hippocampus in vivo, and investigated how these properties reflect hippocampal function. Our data reveal a strong relationship between relative elastic/viscous behavior of the hippocampus and relational memory performance (N=20). This is the first report linking the mechanical properties of brain tissue with functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Schwarb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61081, USA.
| | - Curtis L Johnson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61081, USA.
| | - Matthew D J McGarry
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61081, USA
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229
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Seider TR, Fieo RA, O'Shea A, Porges EC, Woods AJ, Cohen RA. Cognitively Engaging Activity Is Associated with Greater Cortical and Subcortical Volumes. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:94. [PMID: 27199740 PMCID: PMC4852201 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the population ages and dementia becomes a growing healthcare concern, it is increasingly important to identify targets for intervention to delay or attenuate cognitive decline. Research has shown that the most successful interventions aim at altering lifestyle factors. Thus, this study examined how involvement in physical, cognitive, and social activity is related to brain structure in older adults. Sixty-five adults (mean age = 71.4 years, standard deviation = 8.9) received the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), a questionnaire that polls everyday activities in which older adults may be involved, and also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Stepwise regression with backward selection was used to predict weekly time spent in either social, cognitive, light physical, or heavy physical activity from the volume of one of the cortical or subcortical regions of interest (corrected by intracranial volume) as well as age, education, and gender as control variables. Regressions revealed that more time spent in cognitive activity was associated with greater volumes of all brain regions studied: total cortex (β = 0.289, p = 0.014), frontal (β = 0.276, p = 0.019), parietal (β = 0.305, p = 0.009), temporal (β = 0.275, p = 0.020), and occipital (β = 0.256, p = 0.030) lobes, and thalamus (β = 0.310, p = 0.010), caudate (β = 0.233, p = 0.049), hippocampus (β = 0.286, p = 0.017), and amygdala (β = 0.336, p = 0.004). These effects remained even after accounting for the positive association between cognitive activity and education. No other activity variable was associated with brain volumes. Results indicate that time spent in cognitively engaging activity is associated with greater cortical and subcortical brain volume. Findings suggest that interventions aimed at increasing levels of cognitive activity may delay cognitive consequences of aging and decrease the risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia R Seider
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Fieo
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
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230
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Finke C, Kopp UA, Pajkert A, Behrens JR, Leypoldt F, Wuerfel JT, Ploner CJ, Prüss H, Paul F. Structural Hippocampal Damage Following Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:727-734. [PMID: 25866294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis suffer from persistent memory impairment despite unremarkable routine clinical magnetic resonance imaging. With improved acute care in these patients, neurocognitive impairment represents the major contributor to long-term morbidity and has thus become a focus of attention. METHODS Forty patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis after the acute disease stage and 25 healthy control subjects underwent multimodal structural imaging that combined volumetry of hippocampal subfields with analysis of hippocampal microstructural integrity. Verbal and visuospatial memory performance was assessed in all patients and correlation and mediation analyses were performed to examine associations between hippocampal structural integrity, memory performance, and disease severity. RESULTS Hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced in patients and hippocampal subfield analysis revealed bilateral atrophy of the input and output regions of the hippocampal circuit. Microstructural integrity was impaired in both hippocampi in patients. Importantly, hippocampal volumetric and microstructural integrity measures correlated with memory performance and disease severity and duration. Mediation analysis revealed that hippocampal microstructure mediated the effect of disease severity on memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Data from this largest cohort of anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients that underwent extensive multimodal magnetic resonance imaging demonstrate that structural hippocampal damage and associated memory deficits are important long-term sequelae of the encephalitis. Correlation with disease duration and severity highlights the need for rapid diagnosis and adequate immunotherapy to prevent persistent damage to the hippocampus. Advanced imaging protocols may allow a more detailed analysis of structural damage to assess disease progression in clinical routine examinations and for therapy evaluation in prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
| | - Ute A Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Anna Pajkert
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Janina R Behrens
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Clinical Chemistry and Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel
| | - Jens T Wuerfel
- Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medicine Goettingen, Goettingen; Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine
| | | | - Harald Prüss
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin; Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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231
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Aberrant emotion networks in early major depressive disorder patients: an eigenvector centrality mapping study. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e819. [PMID: 27219345 PMCID: PMC5070054 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that negatively affects the quality of life of many individuals, and is a heavy economic burden to society. In recent years it was thought that depression is a 'disconnection syndrome'. Disorganized brain activity and un-modulated emotion responses were considered the key neuropathologies underlying depression. In the present study, we investigated the alteration of whole brain network connectivity in 28 first-episode, drug-naive patients, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a new analytical method called voxel-based eigenvector centrality mapping. We found that compared with normal controls, MDD patients had lower functional connectivity in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus, insula, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum, and higher functional connectivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. The functional connectivity strength at the right hippocampus (r=-0.413, P=0.032) and the right insula (r=-0.372, P=0.041) negatively correlated with the severity of the disease. We further examined coordination among these regions, and found that frontal-subcortical connection was reduced and insula-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connection was increased. These results are consistent with previous hypotheses on the neural mechanism of MDD, and provide further evidence that emotion networks are already interrupted in early stages of depression.
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232
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Vriend C, Boedhoe PSW, Rutten S, Berendse HW, van der Werf YD, van den Heuvel OA. A smaller amygdala is associated with anxiety in Parkinson's disease: a combined FreeSurfer-VBM study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:493-500. [PMID: 25986365 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-310383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 50% of all patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from anxiety symptoms, a much higher percentage than in the general population. This suggests that PD associated pathological alterations partly underlie these symptoms, although empirical evidence is limited. METHODS Here we investigated the association between anxiety symptoms measured with the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and hippocampal and amygdalar volume in 110 early-stage patients with PD. Measures of anxiety in PD are often obscured by overlap with the somatic symptoms. We therefore also used a subscale of the BAI, established by our recent factor analysis, that reflects 'psychological' anxiety symptoms and is independent of the severity of PD-related motor and autonomic symptoms. We used FreeSurfer and voxel-based morphometry for the volumetric analyses. RESULTS Both software packages showed a negative correlation between the 'psychological' subscale of the BAI, but not total BAI and volume of the left amygdala, independent of the severity of motor symptoms, autonomic dysfunction and dopaminergic or anxiolytic medication status. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm studies in non-PD samples showing lower left amygdalar volume in anxious patients. The results also indicate that the 'psychological' BAI subscale is a better reflection of neural correlates of anxiety in PD. Whether the left amygdalar volume decrease constitutes a premorbid trait, a PD-associated neurobiological susceptibility to anxiety or arises as a consequence of chronic anxiety symptoms remains to be determined by future prospective longitudinal studies. Nonetheless, we speculate that the Parkinson pathology is responsible for the reduction in amygdalar volume and the concomitant development of anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vriend
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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233
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Rich AM, Cho YT, Tang Y, Savic A, Krystal JH, Wang F, Xu K, Anticevic A. Amygdala volume is reduced in early course schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 250:50-60. [PMID: 27035063 PMCID: PMC4904038 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical structural alterations have been implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Yet, the extent of anatomical alterations for subcortical structures across illness phases remains unknown. To assess this, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine volume differences of major subcortical structures: thalamus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, amygdala and hippocampus. These differences were examined across four groups: (i) healthy comparison subjects (HCS, n=96); (ii) individuals at high risk (HR, n=21) for schizophrenia; (iii) early-course schizophrenia patients (EC-SCZ, n=28); and (iv) chronic schizophrenia patients (C-SCZ, n=20). Raw gray matter volumes and volumetric ratios (volume of specific structure/total gray matter volume) were extracted using automated segmentation tools. EC-SCZ group exhibited smaller bilateral amygdala volumetric ratios, compared to HCS and HR subjects. Findings did not change when corrected for age, level of education and medication use. Amygdala raw volumes did not differ among groups once adjusted for multiple comparisons, but the smaller amygdala volumetric ratio in EC-SCZ survived Bonferroni correction. Other structures were not different across the groups following Bonferroni correction. Smaller amygdala volumes during early illness course may reflect pathophysiologic changes specific to illness development, including disrupted salience processing and acute stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Rich
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Youngsun T Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Aleksandar Savic
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China; Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, CT 06520, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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234
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Neuroanatomy of the killer whale (Orcinus orca): a magnetic resonance imaging investigation of structure with insights on function and evolution. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:417-436. [PMID: 27119362 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary process of adaptation to an obligatory aquatic existence dramatically modified cetacean brain structure and function. The brain of the killer whale (Orcinus orca) may be the largest of all taxa supporting a panoply of cognitive, sensory, and sensorimotor abilities. Despite this, examination of the O. orca brain has been limited in scope resulting in significant deficits in knowledge concerning its structure and function. The present study aims to describe the neural organization and potential function of the O. orca brain while linking these traits to potential evolutionary drivers. Magnetic resonance imaging was used for volumetric analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of an in situ postmortem O. orca brain. Measurements were determined for cortical gray and cerebral white matter, subcortical nuclei, cerebellar gray and white matter, corpus callosum, hippocampi, superior and inferior colliculi, and neuroendocrine structures. With cerebral volume comprising 81.51 % of the total brain volume, this O. orca brain is one of the most corticalized mammalian brains studied to date. O. orca and other delphinoid cetaceans exhibit isometric scaling of cerebral white matter with increasing brain size, a trait that violates an otherwise evolutionarily conserved cerebral scaling law. Using comparative neurobiology, it is argued that the divergent cerebral morphology of delphinoid cetaceans compared to other mammalian taxa may have evolved in response to the sensorimotor demands of the aquatic environment. Furthermore, selective pressures associated with the evolution of echolocation and unihemispheric sleep are implicated in substructure morphology and function. This neuroanatomical dataset, heretofore absent from the literature, provides important quantitative data to test hypotheses regarding brain structure, function, and evolution within Cetacea and across Mammalia.
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Katuwal GJ, Baum SA, Cahill ND, Michael AM. Divide and Conquer: Sub-Grouping of ASD Improves ASD Detection Based on Brain Morphometry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153331. [PMID: 27065101 PMCID: PMC4827874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low success (<60%) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) classification using brain morphometry from the large multi-site ABIDE dataset and inconsistent findings on brain morphometric abnormalities in ASD can be attributed to the ASD heterogeneity. In this study, we show that ASD brain morphometry is highly heterogeneous, and demonstrate that the heterogeneity can be mitigated and classification improved if autism severity (AS), verbal IQ (VIQ) and age are used with morphometric features. Morphometric features from structural MRIs (sMRIs) of 734 males (ASD: 361, controls: 373) of ABIDE were derived using FreeSurfer. Applying the Random Forest classifier, an AUC of 0.61 was achieved. Adding VIQ and age to morphometric features, AUC improved to 0.68. Sub-grouping the subjects by AS, VIQ and age improved the classification with the highest AUC of 0.8 in the moderate-AS sub-group (AS = 7–8). Matching subjects on age and/or VIQ in each sub-group further improved the classification with the highest AUC of 0.92 in the low AS sub-group (AS = 4–5). AUC decreased with AS and VIQ, and was the lowest in the mid-age sub-group (13–18 years). The important features were mainly from the frontal, temporal, ventricular, right hippocampal and left amygdala regions. However, they highly varied with AS, VIQ and age. The curvature and folding index features from frontal, temporal, lingual and insular regions were dominant in younger subjects suggesting their importance for early detection. When the experiments were repeated using the Gradient Boosting classifier similar results were obtained. Our findings suggest that identifying brain biomarkers in sub-groups of ASD can yield more robust and insightful results than searching across the whole spectrum. Further, it may allow identification of sub-group specific brain biomarkers that are optimized for early detection and monitoring, increasing the utility of sMRI as an important tool for early detection of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra J. Katuwal
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States of America
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefi A. Baum
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nathan D. Cahill
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Michael
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, United States of America
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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236
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Watson PD, Paul EJ, Cooke GE, Ward N, Monti JM, Horecka KM, Allen CM, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Barbey AK. Underlying sources of cognitive-anatomical variation in multi-modal neuroimaging and cognitive testing. Neuroimage 2016; 129:439-449. [PMID: 26808332 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy adults have robust individual differences in neuroanatomy and cognitive ability not captured by demographics or gross morphology (Luders, Narr, Thompson, & Toga, 2009). We used a hierarchical independent component analysis (hICA) to create novel characterizations of individual differences in our participants (N=190). These components fused data across multiple cognitive tests and neuroanatomical variables. The first level contained four independent, underlying sources of phenotypic variance that predominately modeled broad relationships within types of data (e.g., "white matter," or "subcortical gray matter"), but were not reflective of traditional individual difference measures such as sex, age, or intracranial volume. After accounting for the novel individual difference measures, a second level analysis identified two underlying sources of phenotypic variation. One of these made strong, joint contributions to both the anatomical structures associated with the core fronto-parietal "rich club" network (van den Heuvel & Sporns, 2011), and to cognitive factors. These findings suggest that a hierarchical, data-driven approach is able to identify underlying sources of individual difference that contribute to cognitive-anatomical variation in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Watson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - E J Paul
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - G E Cooke
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - N Ward
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J M Monti
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - K M Horecka
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - C M Allen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - C H Hillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - N J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - A K Barbey
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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237
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Qiu T, Chang C, Li Y, Qian L, Xiao CY, Xiao T, Xiao X, Xiao YH, Chu KK, Lewis MH, Ke X. Two years changes in the development of caudate nucleus are involved in restricted repetitive behaviors in 2-5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:137-43. [PMID: 26999477 PMCID: PMC6988613 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudate nucleus volume is enlarged in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is associated with restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs). However, the trajectory of caudate nucleus volume in RRBs of young children remains unclear. Caudate nucleus volume was measured in 36 children with ASD and 18 matched 2-3-year-old subjects with developmentally delayed (DD) at baseline (Time 1) and at 2-year follow-up (Time 2). The differential growth rate in caudate nucleus volume was calculated. Further, the relationships between the development of caudate nucleus volume and RRBs were analyzed. Our results showed that caudate nucleus volume was significantly larger in the ASD group at both time points and the magnitude of enlargement was greater at Time 2. The rate of caudate nucleus growth during this 2-year interval was faster in children with ASD than DD. Right caudate nucleus volume growth was negatively correlated with RRBs. Findings from this study suggest developmental abnormalities of caudate nucleus volume in ASD. Longitudinal MRI studies are needed to explore the correlation between atypical growth patterns of caudate nucleus and phenotype of RRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qiu
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Child Health care Department, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Chen Chang
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Li
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chao Yong Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yun Hua Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kang Kang Chu
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Mark H Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research Center, Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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238
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Kostic M, Canu E, Agosta F, Munjiza A, Novakovic I, Dobricic V, Maria Ferraro P, Miler Jerkovic V, Pekmezovic T, Lecic Tosevski D, Filippi M. The cumulative effect of genetic polymorphisms on depression and brain structural integrity. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2173-84. [PMID: 26956059 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In major depressive disorder (MDD), the need to study multiple-gene effect on brain structure is emerging. Our aim was to assess the effect of accumulation of specific SERT, BDNF and COMT gene functional polymorphisms on brain structure in MDD patients. Seventy-seven MDD patients and 66 controls underwent a clinical assessment, genetic testing and MRI scan. Compared with controls, patients were more BDNF-Val homozygotes, COMT-Met carriers and SERT-L' carriers. Thus, subjects were split into three groups: 1. High-frequency susceptibility polymorphism group (hfSP, subjects with all three SPs); 2. Intermediate-frequency SP group (ifSP, two SPs); and 3. Low-frequency SP group (lfSP, one/none SP). Cortical thickness, volumetry of hippocampus, amygdala and subcortical structures, and white matter (WM) tract integrity were assessed. Compared to controls, hfSP patients showed thinning of the middle frontal cortex bilaterally, left frontal pole, and right lateral occipital cortex, and smaller hippocampal volume bilaterally; and both hfSP and lfSP patient groups showed thinning of the left inferior parietal cortex and reduced WM integrity of the corpus callosum. Compared to patients, hfSP controls showed greater integrity of the fronto-occipital cortices and corpus callosum. We showed that cortical prefrontal and occipital damage of MDD patients is modulated by the SP accumulation, while damage to the parietal cortex and corpus callosum seem to be independent of genetic accumulation. HfSP controls may experience protective mechanisms leading to a preserved integrity of critical cortical and WM regions. Investigating the effect of multiple genes is promising to understand the pathological mechanisms underlying MDD. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2173-2184, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Munjiza
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Novakovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Pilar Maria Ferraro
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Dusica Lecic Tosevski
- Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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239
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Morey RA, Haswell CC, Hooper SR, De Bellis MD. Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Volumes Differ in Maltreated Youth with and without Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:791-801. [PMID: 26171720 PMCID: PMC4707825 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is considered a disorder of recovery where individuals fail to learn and retain extinction of the traumatic fear response. In maltreated youth, PTSD is common, chronic, and associated with comorbidity. Studies of extinction-related structural volumes (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC)) and this stress diathesis, in maltreated youth were not previously investigated. In this cross-sectional study, neuroanatomical volumes associated with extinction in maltreated youth with PTSD (N=31), without PTSD (N=32), and in non-maltreated healthy volunteers (n=57) were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were sociodemographically similar. Participants underwent extensive assessments for strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and DSM-IV disorders. Maltreated youth with PTSD demonstrated decreased right vmPFC volumes compared with both maltreated youth without PTSD and non-maltreated controls. Maltreated youth without PTSD demonstrated larger left amygdala and right hippocampal volumes compared with maltreated youth with PTSD and non-maltreated control youth. PTSD symptoms inversely correlated with right and left hippocampal and left amygdala volumes. Confirmatory masked voxel base morphometry analyses demonstrated greater medial orbitofrontal cortex gray matter intensity in controls than maltreated youth with PTSD. Volumetric results were not influenced by psychopathology or maltreatment variables. We identified volumetric differences in extinction-related structures between maltreated youth with PTSD from those without PTSD. Alterations of the vmPFC may be one mechanism that mediates the pathway from PTSD to comorbidity. Further longitudinal work is needed to determine neurobiological factors related to chronic and persistent PTSD, and to PTSD resilience despite maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra A Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney C Haswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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240
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Schoemaker D, Buss C, Head K, Sandman CA, Davis EP, Chakravarty MM, Gauthier S, Pruessner JC. Hippocampus and amygdala volumes from magnetic resonance images in children: Assessing accuracy of FreeSurfer and FSL against manual segmentation. Neuroimage 2016; 129:1-14. [PMID: 26824403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumetric quantification of brain structures is of great interest in pediatric populations because it allows the investigation of different factors influencing neurodevelopment. FreeSurfer and FSL both provide frequently used packages for automatic segmentation of brain structures. In this study, we examined the accuracy and consistency of those two automated protocols relative to manual segmentation, commonly considered as the "gold standard" technique, for estimating hippocampus and amygdala volumes in a sample of preadolescent children aged between 6 to 11 years. The volumes obtained with FreeSurfer and FSL-FIRST were evaluated and compared with manual segmentations with respect to volume difference, spatial agreement and between- and within-method correlations. Results highlighted a tendency for both automated techniques to overestimate hippocampus and amygdala volumes, in comparison to manual segmentation. This was more pronounced when using FreeSurfer than FSL-FIRST and, for both techniques, the overestimation was more marked for the amygdala than the hippocampus. Pearson correlations support moderate associations between manual tracing and FreeSurfer for hippocampus (right r=0.69, p<0.001; left r=0.77, p<0.001) and amygdala (right r=0.61, p<0.001; left r=0.67, p<0.001) volumes. Correlation coefficients between manual segmentation and FSL-FIRST were statistically significant (right hippocampus r=0.59, p<0.001; left hippocampus r=0.51, p<0.001; right amygdala r=0.35, p<0.001; left amygdala r=0.31, p<0.001) but were significantly weaker, for all investigated structures. When computing intraclass correlation coefficients between manual tracing and automatic segmentation, all comparisons, except for left hippocampus volume estimated with FreeSurfer, failed to reach 0.70. When looking at each method separately, correlations between left and right hemispheric volumes showed strong associations between bilateral hippocampus and bilateral amygdala volumes when assessed using manual segmentation or FreeSurfer. These correlations were significantly weaker when volumes were assessed with FSL-FIRST. Finally, Bland-Altman plots suggest that the difference between manual and automatic segmentation might be influenced by the volume of the structure, because smaller volumes were associated with larger volume differences between techniques. These results demonstrate that, at least in a pediatric population, the agreement between amygdala and hippocampus volumes obtained with automated FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer protocols and those obtained with manual segmentation is not strong. Visual inspection by an informed individual and, if necessary, manual correction of automated segmentation outputs are important to ensure validity of volumetric results and interpretation of related findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schoemaker
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Buss
- University of California at Irvine, CA, USA; Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Head
- University of California at Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Elysia P Davis
- University of California at Irvine, CA, USA; University of Denver, CO, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Psychiatry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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241
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Neural Correlates of Disturbed Emotion Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Multimodal Meta-Analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:97-106. [PMID: 25935068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in the processing and regulation of emotions are core symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). To further elucidate neural underpinnings of BPD, the present meta-analysis summarizes functional neuroimaging findings of emotion processing tasks, as well as structural neuroimaging findings, and investigates multimodally affected brain regions. METHODS Combined coordinate- and image-based meta-analyses were calculated using anisotropic effect size signed differential mapping. Nineteen functional neuroimaging studies investigating the processing of negative compared with neutral stimuli in a total of 281 patients with BPD and 293 healthy control subjects (HC) were included. In addition, 10 studies investigating gray matter abnormalities in 263 patients with BPD and 278 HC were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with HC, BPD patients showed relatively increased activation of the left amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex, along with blunted responses of the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, during the processing of negative emotional stimuli. The multimodal analysis identified the left amygdala to be characterized by a combination of functional hyperactivity and smaller gray matter volume compared with HC. Hyperresponsivity of the amygdala was moderated by medication status of the patient samples. Medication-free samples were characterized by limbic hyperactivity, whereas no such group differences were found in patients currently taking psychotropic medication. CONCLUSIONS Results strengthen the assumption that dysfunctional dorsolateral prefrontal and limbic brain regions are a hallmark feature of BPD and therefore are consistent with the conceptualization of BPD as an emotion dysregulation disorder.
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242
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Burzynska AZ, Wong CN, Chaddock-Heyman L, Olson EA, Gothe NP, Knecht A, Voss MW, McAuley E, Kramer AF. White matter integrity, hippocampal volume, and cognitive performance of a world-famous nonagenarian track-and-field athlete. Neurocase 2016; 22:135-44. [PMID: 26237526 PMCID: PMC6029702 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2015.1074709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with successful brain and cognitive aging. However, little is known about the effects of PA, CRF, and exercise on the brain in the oldest-old. Here we examined white matter (WM) integrity, measured as fractional anisotropy (FA) and WM hyperintensity (WMH) burden, and hippocampal (HIPP) volume of Olga Kotelko (1919-2014). Olga began training for competitions at age of 77 and as of June 2014 held over 30 world records in her age category in track-and-field. We found that Olga's WMH burden was larger and the HIPP was smaller than in the reference sample (58 healthy low-active women 60-78 years old), and her FA was consistently lower in the regions overlapping with WMH. Olga's FA in many normal-appearing WM regions, however, did not differ or was greater than in the reference sample. In particular, FA in her genu corpus callosum was higher than any FA value observed in the reference sample. We speculate that her relatively high FA may be related to both successful aging and the beneficial effects of exercise in old age. In addition, Olga had lower scores on memory, reasoning and speed tasks than the younger reference sample, but outperformed typical adults of age 90-95 on speed and memory. Together, our findings open the possibility of old-age benefits of increasing PA on WM microstructure and cognition despite age-related increase in WMH burden and HIPP shrinkage, and add to the still scarce neuroimaging data of the healthy oldest-old (>90 years) adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Burzynska
- a The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - C N Wong
- a The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - L Chaddock-Heyman
- a The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - E A Olson
- b Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - N P Gothe
- b Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - A Knecht
- a The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - M W Voss
- c Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA 52242-1407 , USA
| | - E McAuley
- a The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA.,b Department of Kinesiology and Community Health , University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
| | - A F Kramer
- a The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois , Urbana , IL 61801 , USA
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243
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Dean DJ, Orr JM, Bernard JA, Gupta T, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Carol EE, Mittal VA. Hippocampal Shape Abnormalities Predict Symptom Progression in Neuroleptic-Free Youth at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:161-9. [PMID: 26113620 PMCID: PMC4681548 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hippocampal abnormalities have been widely studied in schizophrenia spectrum populations including those at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. There have been inconsistent findings concerning hippocampal morphology prior to and during the transition to psychosis, and little is known about how specific subregions are related to the symptom progression. METHODS A total of 80 participants (38 UHR and 42 healthy controls) underwent a 3T MRI scan, as well as structured clinical interviews. Shape analysis of hippocampi was conducted with FSL/FIRST vertex analysis to yield a localized measure of shape differences between groups. A subgroup of the sample (24 UHR and 24 controls) also returned for a 12-month clinical follow-up assessment. RESULTS The UHR group exhibited smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally, and shape analysis revealed significant inversion in the left ventral posterior hippocampus in the UHR group. Greater inversion in this subregion was related to elevated symptomatology at baseline and increased positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and impaired tolerance to normal stress 12 months later. These results did not hold when left hippocampal volume was used as a predictor instead. DISCUSSION This represents the first study to use vertex analysis in a UHR sample and results suggest that abnormalities in hippocampal shape appear to reflect underlying pathogenic processes driving the progression of illness. These findings suggest that examining shape and volume may provide an important new perspective for our conception of brain alterations in the UHR period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Dean
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, and
| | - Joseph M Orr
- Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
| | | | | | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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244
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van Rooij SJH, Stevens JS, Ely TD, Fani N, Smith AK, Kerley KA, Lori A, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T. Childhood Trauma and COMT Genotype Interact to Increase Hippocampal Activation in Resilient Individuals. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:156. [PMID: 27683563 PMCID: PMC5021680 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Both childhood trauma and a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genetic polymorphism have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression; however, it is still unclear whether the two interact and how this interaction relates to long-term risk or resilience. Imaging and genotype data were collected on 73 highly traumatized women. DNA extracted from saliva was used to determine COMT genotype (Val/Val, n = 38, Met carriers, n = 35). Functional MRI data were collected during a Go/NoGo task to investigate the neurocircuitry underlying response inhibition. Self-report measures of adult and childhood trauma exposure, PTSD and depression symptom severity, and resilience were collected. Childhood trauma was found to interact with COMT genotype to impact inhibition-related hippocampal activation. In Met carriers, more childhood trauma was associated with decreased hippocampal activation, whereas in the Val/Val group childhood trauma was related to increased hippocampal activation. Second, hippocampal activation correlated negatively with PTSD and depression symptoms and positively with trait resilience. Moreover, hippocampal activation mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and psychiatric risk or resilience in the Val/Val, but not in the Met carrier group. These data reveal a potential mechanism by which childhood trauma and COMT genotype interact to increase risk for trauma-related psychopathology or resilience. Hippocampal recruitment during inhibition may improve the ability to use contextual information to guide behavior, thereby enhancing resilience in trauma-exposed individuals. This finding may contribute to early identification of individuals at risk and suggests a mechanism that can be targeted in future studies aiming to prevent or limit negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Kimberly A Kerley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; McLean Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA , USA
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Guzmán-Vélez E, Warren DE, Feinstein JS, Bruss J, Tranel D. Dissociable contributions of amygdala and hippocampus to emotion and memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2015; 26:727-38. [PMID: 26606553 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala and the hippocampus are associated with emotional processing and declarative memory, respectively. Studies have shown that patients with bilateral hippocampal damage caused by anoxia/ischemia, and patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), can experience emotions for prolonged periods of time, even when they cannot remember what caused the emotion in the first place (Feinstein et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:7674-7679; Guzmán-Vélez et al. (2014) Cogn Behav Neurol 27:117-129). This study aimed to investigate, for the first time, the roles of the amygdala and hippocampus in the dissociation between feelings of emotion and declarative memory for emotion-inducing events in patients with AD. Individuals with probable AD (N = 12) and age-matched healthy comparisons participants (HCP; N = 12) completed a high-resolution (0.44 × 0.44 × 0.80 mm) T2-weighted structural MR scan of the medial temporal lobe. Each of these individuals also completed two separate emotion induction procedures (sadness and happiness) using film clips. We collected real-time emotion ratings at baseline and multiple times postinduction, and administered a test of declarative memory shortly after each induction. Consistent with previous research, hippocampal volume was significantly smaller in patients with AD compared with HCP, and was positively correlated with memory for the film clips. Sustained feelings of emotion and amygdala volume did not significantly differ between patients with AD and HCP. Follow-up analyses showed a significant negative correlation between amygdala volume and sustained sadness, and a significant positive correlation between amygdala volume and sustained happiness. Our findings suggest that the amygdala is important for regulating and sustaining an emotion independent of hippocampal function and declarative memory for the emotion-inducing event. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David E Warren
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Justin S Feinstein
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma.,Department of Psychology and Faculty of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Joel Bruss
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa.,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Division of Behavioral Neurology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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246
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Chiang S, Levin HS, Wilde E, Haneef Z. White matter structural connectivity changes correlate with epilepsy duration in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2015; 120:37-46. [PMID: 26709881 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is thought to be a network disease and structural changes using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been shown. However, lateralized differences in the structural integrity of TLE, as well as changes in structural integrity with longer disease duration, have not been well defined. METHODS We examined the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the hippocampus, as well as its primary (cingulum and fornix) and remote (uncinate and external capsule) connections in both right and left TLE. Changes in diffusion measures over the disease course were examined by correlating FA and MD in the various structures with epilepsy duration. The potential for each measure of anisotropy and diffusivity as a marker of TLE laterality was investigated using random forest (RF) analysis. RESULTS MD was increased in the bilateral hippocampus, cingulum, fornix and the right external capsule in both left and right TLE compared to controls. In addition, left TLE exhibited an increased MD in the ipsilateral uncinate fasciculus and bilateral external capsules. A decrease in FA was seen in the left cingulum in left TLE. RF analysis demonstrated that MD of the right hippocampus and FA of the left external capsule were important predictors of TLE laterality. An association of increased MD with epilepsy duration was seen in the left hippocampus in left TLE. CONCLUSION Evidence of disrupted white matter architecture in the hippocampus and its primary and remote connections were demonstrated in TLE. While changes in the hippocampus and cingulum were more prominent in right TLE, remote changes were more prominent in left TLE. MD of the right hippocampus and FA of the left external capsule were found to be the strongest structural predictors of TLE laterality. Changes associated with duration of epilepsy indicated that changes in structural integrity may be progressive over the disease course. This study illustrates the potential of structural diffusion tensor imaging in elucidating pathophysiology, enhancing diagnosis and assisting prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chiang
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Harvey S Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Michael E. De Bakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Elisabeth Wilde
- Department of Physical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Zulfi Haneef
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Neurology Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
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Impact of monoamine-related gene polymorphisms on hippocampal volume in treatment-resistant depression. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:353-61. [PMID: 25990886 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In major depressive disorder (MDD), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in monoaminergic genes may impact disease susceptibility, treatment response, and brain volume. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of such polymorphisms on hippocampal volume in patients with treatment-resistant MDD and healthy controls. Candidate gene risk alleles were hypothesised to be associated with reductions in hippocampal volume. METHODS A total of 26 outpatients with treatment-resistant MDD and 27 matched healthy controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping for six SNPs in monoaminergic genes [serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2), serotonin 1A and 2A receptors (HTR1A and HTR2A), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Hippocampal volume was estimated using an automated segmentation algorithm (FreeSurfer). RESULTS Hippocampal volume did not differ between patients and controls. Within the entire study sample irrespective of diagnosis, C allele-carriers for both the NET-182 T/C [rs2242446] and 5-HT1A-1019C/G [rs6295] polymorphisms had smaller hippocampal volumes relative to other genotypes. For the 5-HTTLPR (rs25531) polymorphism, there was a significant diagnosis by genotype interaction effect on hippocampal volume. Among patients only, homozygosity for the 5-HTTLPR short (S) allele was associated with smaller hippocampal volume. There was no association between the 5-HT2A, COMT, and BDNF SNPs and hippocampal volume. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the volume of the hippocampus may be influenced by serotonin- and norepinephrine-related gene polymorphisms. The NET and 5-HT1A polymorphisms appear to have similar effects on hippocampal volume in patients and controls while the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism differentially affects hippocampal volume in the presence of depression.
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248
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Correlation between amygdala volume and impulsivity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2015; 27:362-7. [PMID: 26017750 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobiological disorder with childhood onset and persistence through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD patients frequently show exaggerated emotional responses. The amygdala plays an important role in emotion processing and in the activation of the frontal lobe. We hypothesised that smaller amygdala volumes in ADHD patients would be associated with less control of impulsivity and emotional instability. METHODS We studied nine adult patients with ADHD and nine group-matched healthy volunteers using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. We manually obtained morphometric measurements, which were later processed and compared. RESULTS Significant negative correlation between the right amygdala volume and Barratt's impulsivity scores was observed (r=-0.756, p=0.018). No correlation was found between impulsivity scores and the volume of the left amygdala. Age was not found to be a contributor of the results. CONCLUSIONS Smaller amygdala volumes have been observed in patients with ADHD. Our results suggest that greater emotional processing and less control of impulsivity are associated with smaller amygdala volumes in ADHD patients. Furthermore, the right amygdala would play a bigger role in impulsivity and behaviour control than the left amygdala. Further studies involving larger samples of adult patients with ADHD and using multimodal designs are needed.
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249
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Riggins T, Blankenship SL, Mulligan E, Rice K, Redcay E. Developmental Differences in Relations Between Episodic Memory and Hippocampal Subregion Volume During Early Childhood. Child Dev 2015; 86:1710-8. [PMID: 26459750 PMCID: PMC5875696 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory shows striking improvement during early childhood. However, neural contributions to these behavioral changes are not well understood. This study examined associations between episodic memory and volume of subregions (head, body, and tail) of the hippocampus-a structure known to support episodic memory in school-aged children and adults-during early childhood (n = 45). Results revealed significant positive relations between episodic memory and volume of the hippocampal head in both the left and right hemispheres for 6- but not 4-year-old children, suggesting brain-behavior relations vary across development. These findings add new information regarding neural mechanisms of change in memory development during early childhood and suggest that developmental differences in hippocampal subregions may contribute to age-related differences in episodic memory ability.
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250
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Kim JB, Suh SI, Kim JH. Volumetric and shape analysis of hippocampal subfields in unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal atrophy. Epilepsy Res 2015; 117:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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