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Cai M, Tang X. Human Archaea and Associated Metabolites in Health and Disease. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2835-2840. [PMID: 35770746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, live in or on the human body. Microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions are often influenced by diffusible and microbe-associated small molecules. Over the past few years, it has become evident that these interactions have a substantial impact on human health and disease. In this Perspective, we summarize the research involving the discovery of methanogenic and non-methanogenic archaea associated with the human body. In particular, we emphasize the importance of some archaeal metabolites in mediating intra- and interspecies interactions in the ecological environment of the human body. A deep understanding of the archaeal metabolites as well as their biological functions may reveal in more detail whether and how archaea are involved in maintaining human health and/or causing certain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Cai
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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202
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Wang Z, Liu J, Li F, Luo Y, Ge P, Zhang Y, Wen H, Yang Q, Ma S, Chen H. The gut-lung axis in severe acute Pancreatitis-associated lung injury: The protection by the gut microbiota through short-chain fatty acids. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106321. [PMID: 35752356 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in regulating the intestinal homeostasis, as well as the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI) is widely recognized. The bioactive functions of metabolites with small molecule weight and the detail molecular mechanisms of PALI mediated by "gut-lung axis" have gradually raised the attentions of researchers. Several studies have proved that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbiome play crucial roles and varied activities in the process of PALI. However, relevant reviews reporting SCFAs in the involvement of PALI is lacking. In this review, we firstly introduced the synthetic and metabolic pathways of SCFAs, as well as the transport and signal transduction routes in brief. Afterwards, we focused on the possible mechanisms and clues of SCFAs to participate in the fight against PALI which referred to the inhibition of pathogen proliferation, anti-inflammatory effects, enhancement of intestinal barrier functions, and the maintenance and regulation of immune homeostasis via pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In addition, the latest reported pathological and physiological mechanisms of the gut-lung axis involved in PALI were reviewed. Finally, we summarized the potential therapeutic interventions of PALI by targeting SCFAs, including dietary fiber supplementation, direct supplementation of SCFAs/prebiotics/probiotics, and drugs administration, which is expected to provide new sights for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Haiyun Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China.
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China; Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, PR China.
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203
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Sun X, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhu S, Wang S, Xu Z, Zhang J, Sun W. Yishen Qingli Heluo Granule Ameliorates Renal Dysfunction in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats by Targeting Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858881. [PMID: 35814258 PMCID: PMC9258868 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often accompanied with imbalanced gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier. Hence, efforts to ameliorate renal dysfunction by manipulating gut microbial ecosystem are underway. Yishen Qingli Heluo granule (YQHG) is a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for clinical treatment of CKD. However, its underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to explore effects of YQHG on renal dysfunction in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by targeting gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Here, we found that YQHG provided significant renal protection in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by reducing renal fibrosis and inflammation, reestablishing bacterial communities, and improving intestinal barrier. Our analysis showed that YQHG altered the bacterial community of 5/6 nephrectomized rats. In particular, the prescription significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (i.e., Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus_gasseri), which was contributed to the improved SCFA concentration (i.e., total SCFA, acetic acid, butyric acid) and intestinal barrier (i.e., the improved permeability and microbial translocation). More critically, microbiota-transfer study showed that the protective effect of YQHG was partly attributed to the mediation of the gut microbiota, especially the SCFA-producing bacteria. Our current findings propose a microbiota-targeted intervention and indicate that YQHG may become a novel promising treatment for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijing Xu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Zhang, ; Wei Sun,
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Junfeng Zhang, ; Wei Sun,
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204
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Xu A, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Zuo X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xu P. Effects of oxidation-based tea processing on the characteristics of the derived polysaccharide conjugates and their regulation of intestinal homeostasis in DSS-induced colitis mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:402-413. [PMID: 35738342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Different cultivars and processing technologies involved in producing tea result in the high heterogeneity of derived polysaccharide conjugates, which limits the understanding of their composition and structure, and biological activity. Here, raw tea leaves from the same cultivar were used to produce dried fresh tea leaves, green tea, and black tea, and three polysaccharide conjugates derived from dried fresh tea leaves (FTPS), green tea (GTPS), and black tea (BTPS) were prepared accordingly. Their physiochemical characteristics and bioactivities were investigated. The results showed that the oxidation during tea processing increased the phenolics and proteins while decreasing the GalA in the derived TPS conjugates; meanwhile, it reduced the molecular weight and particle size of BTPS but enhanced their antioxidant activity in vitro. Furthermore, all three TPS conjugates improved intestinal homeostasis by reducing TJ protein loss and inflammation and alleviated DSS-induced colitis symptoms in mice. In addition, the three TPS conjugates showed differential regulation of the intestinal microbiome and altered the produced SCFAs, which contributed to the prevention of colitis. Our findings suggest that TPS conjugates could be applied in colitis prevention in association with the regulation of gut microbiota, and their efficacy could be optimized by employing suitable tea processing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yueling Zhao
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinxin Zuo
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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205
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Boyd RI, Ahmad S, Singh R, Fazal Z, Prins GS, Madak Erdogan Z, Irudayaraj J, Spinella MJ. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122919. [PMID: 35740585 PMCID: PMC9220899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are industrial chemicals found in many household products that persist in the environment. While several excellent review articles exist on the potential harmful effects of PFAS, there are few focused on cancer. This concise and streamlined mini-review focuses on summarizing molecular mechanisms related to the potential cancer-promoting properties of PFAS. This review organizes and interprets the vast primary PFAS cancer biology literature and provides a coherent, unified, and digestible model of the molecular mechanisms that potentially explains PFAS cancer promotion. Abstract Poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are chemicals that persist and bioaccumulate in the environment and are found in nearly all human populations through several routes of exposure. Human occupational and community exposure to PFAS has been associated with several cancers, including cancers of the kidney, testis, prostate, and liver. While evidence suggests that PFAS are not directly mutagenic, many diverse mechanisms of carcinogenicity have been proposed. In this mini-review, we organize these mechanisms into three major proposed pathways of PFAS action—metabolism, endocrine disruption, and epigenetic perturbation—and discuss how these distinct but interdependent pathways may explain many of the proposed pro-carcinogenic effects of the PFAS class of environmental contaminants. Notably, each of the pathways is predicted to be highly sensitive to the dose and window of exposure which may, in part, explain the variable epidemiologic and experimental evidence linking PFAS and cancer. We highlight testicular and prostate cancer as models to validate this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya I. Boyd
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.A.); (J.I.)
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
| | - Gail S. Prins
- Departments of Urology, Pathology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Chicago Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.A.); (J.I.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute of Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (R.I.B.); (R.S.); (Z.F.)
- Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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206
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Zhang Y, Feng D, Zeng Y, Zhang H, Du X, Fu Y, Wang X, Lian D, Wang R, Xiao H, Wei N, Zhai F, Liu H. Xuedan Sustained Release Pellets Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Targeting Gut Microbiota and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:833972. [PMID: 35652042 PMCID: PMC9149600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.833972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins have a variety of bioactivities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant-like, and antiviral effects, but their pharmacological effect in ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been reported until now. Thus, this study aims to investigate the preventive effects of Xuedan sustained release pellets (XSPs) on UC rats and the underlying mechanisms. XSPs were prepared by extracting cucurbitacins from Hemsleya. Experimental UC rats were induced by the intake of 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for a week and treated with different doses of XSP (0.95, 1.90, and 3.8 mg/kg). The body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI), and histological changes of colonic tissue were measured. In addition, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pathways involved in the intestinal inflammation were targeted by RNA-sequencing. Moreover, the changes of gut microbial diversity and composition were analyzed by the 16SrNA analysis and the contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected by GC-MS. The results revealed that XSP intervention greatly restored the weight loss and colonic shortening (p < 0.05) and reduced the raised DAI scores, myeloperoxidase, and nitric oxide activities in UC in rats (p < 0.05). XSP administration also downregulated the protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Notably, it was found that XSP considerably suppressed the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, XSP treatment improved the balance of gut microbiota that was disturbed by DSS. The beneficial bacteria Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 group and Lactobacillus at the genus level significantly increased in the XSP group, which had decreased with the use of DSS (p < 0.05). Pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides in UC in rats were reduced by XSP intervention. Furthermore, XSP significantly elevated the production of SCFAs in UC in rats (p < 0.05). These alterations in inflammatory status were accompanied with changes in gut microbiota diversity and SCFA production. In conclusion, XSP exhibited protective effects against DSS-induced UC in rats. XSP treatment decreased inflammation via modulation of gut microbiota composition and SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyue Lian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruikang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhai
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanru Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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207
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He Z, Ma Y, Yang S, Zhang S, Liu S, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang W, Yang H, Li S, Cao Z. Gut microbiota-derived ursodeoxycholic acid from neonatal dairy calves improves intestinal homeostasis and colitis to attenuate extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:79. [PMID: 35643532 PMCID: PMC9142728 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobials are often used to prevent and treat diarrhea induced by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) in young ruminants. However, drug overuse or misuse accelerates the spread of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. Thus, supplementary foods as alternatives to antibiotics are needed to prevent colibacillus diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a therapeutic bile acid, helps alleviate colitis. However, how UDCA helps alleviate ESBL-EAEC-induced clinical symptoms and colitis remains unclear. RESULTS We investigated the microbial profiles and metabolites of healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves to determine microbial and metabolite biomarkers in early-life development. Both the gut microbiota communities and their associated metabolites differed between healthy and diarrheic calves. Commensal Butyricicoccus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Collinsella, and Coriobacterium were key microbial markers that distinguished healthy and diarrheic gut microbiomes. Random forest machine-learning algorithm and Spearman correlation results indicated that enriched UDCA, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and other prebiotics were strongly positively correlated with these five bacterial genera. We explored the effect of ursodiol on bacterial growth, cell adherence, and lipopolysaccharide-treated Caco-2 cells. Adding ursodiol induced direct antibacterial effects, suppressed proinflammatory effects, and reduced cell integrity damage. Oral ursodiol delivery to neonatal mice exhibited significant antibacterial effects and helped maintain colonic barrier integrity in mouse models of peritonitis sepsis and oral infection. UDCA supplementation attenuated colitis and recovered colonic SCFA production. To validate this, we performed fecal microbiota transplantations to inoculate ESBL-EAEC-infected neonatal mice. Microbiotas from UDCA-treated neonatal mice ameliorated colitis and hindgut commensal bacterial damage compared with that of the microbiotas from the control and placebo mice, as evidenced by colonization of abundant bacteria, including Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Clostridia_UCG-014, and upregulated SCFA production. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first evidence that UDCA could confer diarrhea resistance in ESBL-EAEC-infected newborn dairy calves. UDCA blocked bacterial growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo, alleviated commensal bacterial dysbiosis during ESBL-EAEC infection in neonatal mouse models of sepsis and colitis via the TGR5-NF-κB axis, and upregulated SCFA production in the hindgut digesta. Our findings provide insight into the UDCA-mediated remission of ESBL-EAEC infections and the potential role of UDCA as an antibiotic alternative. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yulin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianxin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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208
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Jalodia R, Antoine D, Braniff RG, Dutta RK, Ramakrishnan S, Roy S. Opioid-Use, COVID-19 Infection, and Their Neurological Implications. Front Neurol 2022; 13:884216. [PMID: 35677336 PMCID: PMC9169980 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.884216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an imminent threat to human health and public safety. ACE2 and transmembrane serine protease 2 proteins on host cells provide the viral entry point to SARS-CoV-2. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly infects the respiratory system, there have been reports of viral neurotropism and central nervous system injury as indicated by plasma biomarkers, including neurofilament light chain protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Even with a small proportion of infections leading to neurological manifestation, the overall number remains high. Common neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection include anosmia, ageusia, encephalopathy, and stroke, which are not restricted to only the most severe infection cases. Opioids and opioid antagonists bind to the ACE2 receptor and thereby have been hypothesized to have therapeutic potential in treating COVID-19. However, in the case of other neurotropic viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), opioid use has been established to exacerbate HIV-mediated central nervous system pathogenesis. An analysis of electronic health record data from more than 73 million patients shows that people with Substance Use Disorders are at higher risk of contracting COVID-19 and suffer worse consequences then non-users. Our in-vivo and in-vitro unpublished studies show that morphine treatment causes increased expression of ACE2 in murine lung and brain tissue as early as 24 h post treatment. At the same time, we also observed morphine and lipopolysaccharides treatment lead to a synergistic increase in ACE2 expression in the microglial cell line, SIM-A9. This data suggests that opioid treatment may potentially increase neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We have previously shown that opioids induce gut microbial dysbiosis. Similarly, gut microbiome alterations have been reported with SARS-CoV-2 infection and may play a role in predicting COVID-19 disease severity. However, there are no studies thus far linking opioid-mediated dysbiosis with the severity of neuron-specific COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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209
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Saleri R, Borghetti P, Ravanetti F, Cavalli V, Ferrari L, De Angelis E, Andrani M, Martelli P. Effects of different short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on gene expression of proteins involved in barrier function in IPEC-J2. Porcine Health Manag 2022; 8:21. [PMID: 35590351 PMCID: PMC9118747 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-022-00264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbial anaerobic fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are important substrates for energy metabolism and anabolic processes in mammals. SCFA can regulate the inflammatory response and increase the intestinal barrier integrity by enhancing the tight junction protein (TJp) functions, which prevent the passage of antigens through the paracellular space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro supplementation with SCFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and lactate) at different concentrations on viability, nitric oxide (NO) release (oxidative stress parameter) in cell culture supernatants, and gene expression of TJp (occludin, zonula occludens-1, and claudin-4) and pro-inflammatory pathway-related mediators (β-defensin 1, TNF-α, and NF-κB) in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line J2 (IPEC-J2). Results The SCFA tested showed significant effects on IPEC-J2, which proved to be dependent on the type and specific concentration of the fatty acid. Acetate stimulated cell viability and NO production in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and specifically, 5 mM acetate activated the barrier response through claudin-4, and immunity through β-defensin 1 (P < 0.05). The same effect on these parameters was shown by propionate supplementation, especially at 1 mM (P < 0.05). Contrarily, lactate and butyrate showed different effects compared to acetate and propionate, as they did not stimulate an increase of cell viability and regulated barrier integrity through zonula occludens-1 and occludin, especially at 30 mM and 0.5 mM, respectively (P < 0.05). Upon supplementation with SCFA, the increase of NO release at low levels proved not to have detrimental effects on IPEC-J2 proliferation/survival, and in the case of acetate and propionate, such levels were associated with beneficial effects. Furthermore, the results showed that SCFA supplementation induced β-defensin 1 (P < 0.05) that, in turn, may have been involved in the inhibition of TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression (P < 0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the supplementation with specific SCFA in IPEC-J2 can significantly modulate the process of barrier protection, and that particularly acetate and propionate sustain cell viability, low oxidative stress activity and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena De Angelis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Martelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
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210
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Cai M, Kandalai S, Tang X, Zheng Q. Contributions of Human-Associated Archaeal Metabolites to Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0236721. [PMID: 35225671 PMCID: PMC9045267 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02367-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing awareness that archaea are interrelated with human diseases (including cancer). Archaea utilize unique metabolic pathways to produce a variety of metabolites that serve as a direct link to host-microbe interactions. However, knowledge on the diversity of human-associated archaea is still extremely limited, and less is known about the pathological effects of their metabolites to the tumor microenvironment and carcinogenesis. In the present study, we performed a large-scale analysis of archaea and their cancer-related metabolites across different body sites using >44,000 contigs with length >1,000 bp. Taxonomy annotation revealed that the occurrence and diversity of archaea are higher in two body sites, the gut and the oral cavity. Unlike other human-associated microbes, the nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) analyses have shown no difference of archaeal compositions between Easterners and Westerners. Likewise, protein annotation suggests that genes encoding cancer-related metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids and polyamines) are more prevalent and diverse in gut and oral samples. Archaea carrying these metabolites are restricted to Euryarchaeota and the TACK superphylum (Thaumarchaeota, Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Korarchaeota), especially methanogenic archaea, such as Methanobacteria. IMPORTANCE More evidence suggests that archaea are associated with human disease, including cancer. Here, we present the first framework of the diversity and distribution of human-associated archaea across human body sites, such as gut and oral cavity, using long contigs. Furthermore, we unveiled the potential archaeal metabolites linking to different lineages that might influence the tumor microenvironment and carcinogenesis. These results could open a new door to the guidance of diagnosing cancer and developing new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Cai
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shruthi Kandalai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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211
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Nath A, Chakrabarti P, Sen S, Barui A. Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics and Function. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2328-2350. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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212
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申 玉, 李 禄, 魏 璐, 张 先, 赵 文, 刘 晓, 吴 利. [Influence of enteral feeding initiation time on intestinal flora and metabolites in very low birth weight infants: a prospective study]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:433-439. [PMID: 35527421 PMCID: PMC9044980 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2111165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the influence of enteral feeding initiation time on intestinal flora and metabolites in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS A total of 29 VLBW infants who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, from June to December, 2020, were enrolled as subjects. According to the enteral feeding initiation time after birth, the infants were divided into two groups: <24 hours (n=15) and 24-72 hours (n=14). Fecal samples were collected at weeks 2 and 4 of hospitalization, and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the microflora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) respectively in fecal samples. RESULTS The analysis of microflora showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in Chao index (reflecting the abundance of microflora) and Shannon index (reflecting the diversity of microflora) at weeks 2 and 4 after birth (P>0.05). The analysis of flora composition showed that there was no significant difference in the main microflora at the phylum and genus levels between the two groups at weeks 2 and 4 after birth (P>0.05). The comparison of SCFAs between the two groups showed that the <24 hours group had a significantly higher level of propionic acid than the 24-72 hours group at week 4 (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the total amount of SCFAs and the content of the other SCFAs between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early enteral feeding has no influence on the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in VLBW infants, but enteral feeding within 24 hours can increase the level of propionic acid, a metabolite of intestinal flora.
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213
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Gut health benefit and application of postbiotics in animal production. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 35392985 PMCID: PMC8991504 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut homeostasis is of importance to host health and imbalance of the gut usually leads to disorders or diseases for both human and animal. Postbiotics have been applied in manipulating of gut health, and utilization of postbiotics threads new lights into the host health. Compared with the application of probiotics, the characteristics such as stability and safety of postbiotics make it a potential alternative to probiotics. Studies have reported the beneficial effects of components derived from postbiotics, mainly through the mechanisms including inhibition of pathogens, strengthen gut barrier, and/or regulation of immunity of the host. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of postbiotics, main compounds of postbiotics, potential mechanisms in gut health, and their application in animal production.
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214
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Zhang H, Qin S, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Du P, Huang Y, Michiels J, Zeng Q, Chen W. Dietary Resistant Starch From Potato Regulates Bone Mass by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Concomitant Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production in Meat Ducks. Front Nutr 2022; 9:860086. [PMID: 35369099 PMCID: PMC8970273 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.860086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interfered with using prebiotics may improve bone mass and alleviate the onset of bone problems. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of resistant starch from raw potato starch (RPS) on bone health in meat ducks. Response to the dietary graded level of RPS supplementation, both tibia strength and ash were taken out linear and quadratic increase and positively correlated with increased propionate and butyrate levels in cecal content. Moreover, further outcomes of gut microbiota and micro-CT analysis showed the beneficial effect of RPS on bone mass might be associated with higher Firmicutes proportion and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum. Consistent with improving bone mass, SCFAs promoted phosphorus absorption, decreased the digestive tract pH, and enhanced intestinal integrity, which decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in both gut and bone marrow, and consequently depressed osteoclastic bone resorption mediated by inflammatory cytokines. These findings highlight the importance of the "gut-bone" axis and provide new insight into the effect of prebiotics on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simeng Qin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Joris Michiels
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quifeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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215
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Shubhashini A, Prabha N, Monica P, Chaudhari SR, Kapoor M. Short-chain β-manno-oligosaccharides from copra meal: structural characterization, prebiotic potential and anti-glycation activity. Food Funct 2022; 13:4086-4100. [PMID: 35315851 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography, HR-ESI-MS and FT-IR of copra meal hydrolyzed by ManB-1601 showed the presence of oligosaccharides (CM-β-MOS) having a degree of polymerisation (DP) between 2 and 4. Thermal decomposition studies of the purified CM-β-MOS (DP 2, 3 and 4) showed mass loss at high temperatures (135.8 °C to 600 °C). DP2, DP3 and DP4 CM-β-MOS were adjudged as un-substituted Manβ-4Man, Manβ-4Manβ-4Man and Manβ-4Manβ-4Manβ-4Man, respectively, using NMR (1H and 13C) studies. During fermentation, purified CM-β-MOS supported the growth of Lactobacillus sp. and inhibited enteropathogens (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhi). Acetate was the predominant short-chain fatty acid produced by Lactobacillus sp. RT-PCR studies of L. plantarum WCFS1 fed with CM-β-MOS showed up-regulation (up to 6.7-fold) of the cellobiose utilization operon (pts23C and pbg6) and oligo-sucrose utilization loci (pts1BCA and agl2). Biochemical (free amino groups, carbonyl and fructosamine content), fluorescence (AGEs-specific and intrinsic) and molecular docking studies suggested the anti-glycation potential of CM-β-MOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shubhashini
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570 020, India.
| | - Neelam Prabha
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - P Monica
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sachin Rama Chaudhari
- Department of Spices and Flavour Sciences, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mukesh Kapoor
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru-570 020, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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216
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Ai J, Yang Z, Liu J, Schols HA, Battino M, Bao B, Tian L, Bai W. Structural Characterization and In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Enzymatically Extracted Black Mulberry Polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3654-3665. [PMID: 35311256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we systematically investigated the structural characterization and in vitro fermentation patterns of crude black mulberry fruit polysaccharides (BMPs), either extracted by water (BMP) or by enzymatic treatment. Different enzymatic treatments were pectinase-extracted (PE)-BMP, pectin lyase-extracted (PL)-BMP, cellulase-extracted (CE)-BMP, and compound enzymes-extracted (M)-BMP (pectinase:pectin lyase:cellulase = 1:1:1). Our results show that enzymatic treatment improved the polysaccharide yield and led to a different chemical composition and structure for the polysaccharides. Change dynamics during the in vitro fermentation indicated that BMPs could indeed be degraded and consumed by human fecal microbiota and that different BMPs showed different degrees of fermentability. In addition, BMPs stimulated the growth of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, inhibited the growth of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria (except for CE-BMP), and induced the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Furthermore, we found that BMP and PL-BMP exhibited better fermentability and prebiotic potential than the other polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zixin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P. R. China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
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217
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He Z, Ma Y, Chen X, Liu S, Xiao J, Wang Y, Wang W, Yang H, Li S, Cao Z. Protective Effects of Intestinal Gallic Acid in Neonatal Dairy Calves Against Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Infection: Modulating Intestinal Homeostasis and Colitis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:864080. [PMID: 35399688 PMCID: PMC8988045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.864080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea induced by enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) spreads fast among young ruminants, causing continuous hazard to dairy industry. Antimicrobial drug abuse aggravates the incidence rate of multi-drug resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC). However, knowledge of detection and significance of disease-related biomarkers in neonatal female calves are still limited. Gallic acid (GA), a natural secondary metabolite mostly derived from plants, has attracted increasing attention for its excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. However, it is vague how GA engenders amelioration effects on clinical symptoms and colitis induced by ESBL-EAEC infection in neonatal animals. Here, differentiated gut microbiome and fecal metabolome discerned from neonatal calves were analyzed to ascertain biomarkers in their early lives. Commensal Collinsella and Coriobacterium acted as key microbial markers mediating colonization resistance. In addition, there exists a strongly positive relation between GA, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) or other prebiotics, and those commensals using random forest machine learning algorithm and Spearman correlation analyses. The protective effect of GA pretreatment on bacterial growth, cell adherence, and ESBL-EAEC-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Caco-2 cells were first assessed, and results revealed direct antibacterial effects and diminished colonic cell inflammation. Then, oral GA mediated colitis attenuation and recovery of colonic short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) productions on neonatal mice peritonitis sepsis or oral infection model. To corroborate this phenomenon, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) method was adopted to remedy the bacterial infection. Of note, FMT from GA-treated neonatal mice achieved profound remission of clinical symptoms and colitis over the other groups as demonstrated by antibacterial capability and prominent anti-inflammatory abilities, revealing improved hindgut microbiota structure with enriched Clostridia_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospiraceae, and Enterococcaceae, and upregulation of SCFA productions. Collectively, our findings provided the direct evidence of hindgut microbiota and intestinal metabolites, discriminating the health status of neonatal calves post ESBL-EAEC infection. The data provided novel insights into GA-mediated remission of colitis via amelioration of hindgut commensal structure and upregulation of SCFA productions. In addition, its eminent role as potential antibiotic alternative or synergist for future clinic ESBL-EAEC control in livestock.
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218
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Sogut I, Kar F, Tanrikulu-Kucuk S, Gozden TT, Asena Can S, Kandil A. The Comparative Effects of Inulin and Bacillus clausii on LPS-Induced Endotoxemic Rat Liver. J INVEST SURG 2022; 35:1322-1328. [PMID: 35313790 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2022.2052210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper sought to investigate the modifies of inulin and Bacillus clausii on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) inducing oxidative stress signaling pathway in the endotoxemic rat model. METHODS Wistar albino male rats (n = 36), divided into six groups, were formed randomly in the following stages: the control group; the prebiotic group (Inulin; 500 mg/kg); the probiotic group (Bacillus clausii; 1x109 CFU); the LPS group (1.5 mg/kg) as the endotoxemic model; the prebiotic group + LPS; and the probiotic group + LPS as treatment groups. RESULTS The reactive oxygen species (ROS), advanced oxidation products of protein (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) levels increased in LPS-induced toxicity. Prebiotic treatment decreased LPS-induced hepatotoxicity on rat liver as observed in the decrease in the levels of oxidative stress parameters, such as ROS, TBARS, TOS, and OSI. The effect of the probiotic treatment on the ROS, AOPP, TOS, OSI levels was not statistically significant. However, it was determined that probiotic application was effective in the TBARS, TAS, and GSH levels. When the biochemical results of the prebiotic and probiotic treatment applications were compared, it was found that the prebiotic treatment was more effective on oxidative stress parameters (ROS, TBARS, TOS, and OSI). In addition, the histological damage score and MPO-staining results of the prebiotic treatment group were found to be more effective than the probiotic group. CONCLUSION In this first study, where inulin and Bacillus clausii spores are used against liver damage caused by LPS, inulin provides much more effective protection than Bacillus clausii spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kar
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Sevda Tanrikulu-Kucuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarık Talha Gozden
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Asena Can
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Kandil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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219
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Chen L, Wang J. Gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1540. [PMID: 35266651 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota refers to the complex aggregation of microbes in gut, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses, and they exert marked influence on the host's health. Perturbations in the gut microbiota have been closely linked to initiation and progression of IBD, which has become a disease with accelerating incidence worldwide, but it remains to be thoroughly investigated how microbial involvement might contribute to IBD. In this review, we discuss the current research findings concerning alterations in the gut microbiota, trans-kingdom interaction between the members of the gut microbiota, their interactions with the immune system of host, their potential role in the IBD pathogenesis, and the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD. We hope to provide a better understanding of the causes of IBD and shed light on the development of microbiome-based therapeutic approaches, which might be a promising strategy to alleviate, manage, and eventually cure IBD. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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220
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Grosso G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. Anti-Inflammatory Nutrients and Obesity-Associated Metabolic-Inflammation: State of the Art and Future Direction. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061137. [PMID: 35334794 PMCID: PMC8954840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that dietary factors may play a role in systemic low-grade chronic inflammation. Summary evidence from randomized controlled trials has shown substantial effects on biomarkers of inflammation following the adoption of plant-based diets (including, but not limited to, the Mediterranean diet), while consistent findings have been reported for higher intakes of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and positive trends observed for the consumption of legumes, pulses, nuts, and olive oil. Among animal food groups, dairy products have been shown to have the best benefits on biomarkers of inflammation, while red meat and egg have been shown to have neutral effects. The present review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying the relation between dietary factors and immune system, with a focus on specific macronutrient and non-nutrient phytochemicals (polyphenols) and low-grade inflammation. Substantial differences within each macronutrient group may explain the conflicting results obtained regarding foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates, underlying the role of specific subtypes of molecules (i.e., short-chain fatty acids or fiber vs. long chain fatty acids or free added sugars) when exploring the relation between diet and inflammation, as well as the importance of the food matrix and the commixture of foods in the context of whole dietary patterns. Dietary polyphenols and oligopeptides have been hypothesized to exert several functions, including the regulation of the inflammatory response and effects on the immune system. Overall, evidence suggests that dietary factors may affect the immune system regardless of obesity-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Santiago de Guayaquil Catholic University, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador;
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, 80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-3779
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università “Federico II” di Napoli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Cattedra Unesco “Educazione Alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile”, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Huang WC, Tung CL, Yang YCSH, Lin IH, Ng XE, Tung YT. Endurance exercise ameliorates Western diet-induced atherosclerosis through modulation of microbiota and its metabolites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3612. [PMID: 35256637 PMCID: PMC8901804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization determined cardiovascular disease to be the leading cause of death globally; atherosclerosis is the primary cause of the high morbidity and mortality rates. Regular physical activity is an effective strategy for maintaining endothelial health and function to prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Obesity is also a crucial risk factor for atherosclerotic progression in combination with various complications and systemic inflammation. Physiological homeostasis is modulated by the intestinal microbiota, but the mechanisms through which exercise attenuates atherosclerosis through the microbiota have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the effects of endurance exercise on atherosclerosis induced by a Western diet (WD) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout in terms of microbiota parameters and metabolites. Genetically modified ApoE knockout mice (C57BL/6-Apoeem1Narl/Narl, ApoEKO) and wild-type mice (C57BL6/J) were divided into the following four groups (n = 6), namely, wild-type mice fed a chow diet (WT CD), ApoEKO mice fed a chow diet (ApoE CD), ApoEKO mice fed a WD (ApoE WD), and ApoEKO mice fed a WD and performing endurance exercise (ApoE WD EX), for a 12-week intervention. The WD significantly induced obesity and atherosclerotic syndrome in the ApoE WD group. Severe atherosclerotic lesions and arterial thickness were significantly elevated and accompanied by increases in VCAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β for immune cell chemotaxis and inflammation during atherosclerotic pathogenesis in the ApoE WD group. In addition, dysbiosis in the ApoE WD group resulted in the lowest short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Endurance exercise intervention (ApoE WD EX) significantly alleviated atherosclerotic syndrome by reducing obesity, significantly inhibiting VCAM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression, and increasing the production of SCFAs. Modulation of the microbiota associated with inflammation, such as Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, and Lachnospiraceae_ge, and increased SCFA production, particularly through an abundance of Rikenellaceae and Dubosiella, were also observed after exercise intervention. Endurance exercise can alleviate WD-induced atherosclerosis through the amelioration of obesity, inflammation, and chemotaxis signaling, which are modulated by the microbiota and derived SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Liang Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 600, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Food Nutrition and Healthy Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen S H Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xin Er Ng
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC. .,Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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222
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Morrison MC, Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel J, Nielsen MJ, Leeming DJ, Menke A, Kleemann R. Heat-Inactivated Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Gut Permeability but Does Not Prevent Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042325. [PMID: 35216439 PMCID: PMC8878538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and reduced gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbe that is thought to have health-promoting properties, including the ability to improve gut barrier function and host metabolism, both when administered live and after heat-inactivation. We questioned whether heat-inactivated A. muciniphila may reduce NASH development. Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice, a translational, diet-induced model for NASH, were fed a NASH-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila. After 28 weeks, effects of the treatment on obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction in the gut (microbiota composition and permeability), adipose tissue, and liver were studied relative to an untreated HFD control. Treatment with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect body weight or adiposity and had no effect on plasma lipids, blood glucose, or plasma insulin. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila had some minor effects on mucosal microbiota composition in ileum and colon and improved gut barrier function, as assessed by an in vivo functional gut permeability test. Epidydimal white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy and inflammation were not affected, but heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did reduce hypertrophy in the mesenteric WAT which is in close proximity to the intestine. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH or associated fibrosis in the liver and did not affect circulating bile acids or markers of liver fibrosis, but did reduce PRO-C4, a type IV collagen synthesis marker, which may be associated with gut integrity. In conclusion, despite beneficial effects in the gut and mesenteric adipose tissue, heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH and fibrosis in a chronic disease setting that mimics clinically relevant disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Jessica Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Mette Juul Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Diana Julie Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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223
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Huo J, Wu Z, Sun W, Wang Z, Wu J, Huang M, Wang B, Sun B. Protective Effects of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Barrier Injury: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:711-735. [PMID: 35078319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their minimal side effects and effective protection from oxidative stress, inflammation, and malignant growth, natural polysaccharides (NPs) are a potential adjuvant therapy for several diseases caused by intestinal barrier injury (IBI). More studies are accumulating on the protective effects of NPs with respect to IBI, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this review aims to represent current studies that investigate the protective effects of NPs on IBI by directly maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier integrity (inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating inflammatory cytokine expression, and increasing tight junction protein expression) and indirectly regulating intestinal immunity and microbiota. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying IBI development are briefly introduced, and the structure-activity relationships of polysaccharides with intestinal barrier protection effects are discussed. Potential developments and challenges associated with NPs exhibiting protective effects against IBI have also been highlighted to guide the application of NPs in the treatment of intestinal diseases caused by IBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huo
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizheng Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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224
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Bhardwaj A, Sapra L, Tiwari A, Mishra PK, Sharma S, Srivastava RK. “Osteomicrobiology”: The Nexus Between Bone and Bugs. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:812466. [PMID: 35145499 PMCID: PMC8822158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.812466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of scientific evidence supports the notion that gut microbiota plays a key role in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes related to human health. Recent findings have now established that gut microbiota also contributes to the regulation of bone homeostasis. Studies on animal models have unraveled various underlying mechanisms responsible for gut microbiota-mediated bone regulation. Normal gut microbiota is thus required for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. However, dysbiosis of gut microbiota communities is reported to be associated with several bone-related ailments such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and periodontitis. Dietary interventions in the form of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics have been reported in restoring the dysbiotic gut microbiota composition and thus could provide various health benefits to the host including bone health. These dietary interventions prevent bone loss through several mechanisms and thus could act as potential therapies for the treatment of bone pathologies. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of how gut microbiota and its derived microbial compounds are associated with bone metabolism and their roles in ameliorating bone health. In addition to this, we also highlight the role of various dietary supplements like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics as promising microbiota targeted interventions with the clinical application for leveraging treatment modalities in various inflammatory bone pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Leena Sapra
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Tiwari
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Pradyumna K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Satyawati Sharma
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rupesh K. Srivastava, ,
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225
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Machado MG, Patente TA, Rouillé Y, Heumel S, Melo EM, Deruyter L, Pourcet B, Sencio V, Teixeira MM, Trottein F. Acetate Improves the Killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Alveolar Macrophages via NLRP3 Inflammasome and Glycolysis-HIF-1α Axis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:773261. [PMID: 35126390 PMCID: PMC8810543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.773261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites produced mainly by the gut microbiota with a known role in immune regulation. Acetate, the major SCFA, is described to disseminate to distal organs such as lungs where it can arm sentinel cells, including alveolar macrophages, to fight against bacterial intruders. In the current study, we explored mechanisms through which acetate boosts macrophages to enhance their bactericidal activity. RNA sequencing analyses show that acetate triggers a transcriptomic program in macrophages evoking changes in metabolic process and immune effector outputs, including nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, acetate enhances the killing activity of macrophages towards Streptococcus pneumoniae in an NO-dependent manner. Mechanistically, acetate improves IL-1β production by bacteria-conditioned macrophages and the latter acts in an autocrine manner to promote NO production. Strikingly, acetate-triggered IL-1β production was neither dependent of its cell surface receptor free-fatty acid receptor 2, nor of the enzymes responsible for its metabolism, namely acetyl-CoA synthetases 1 and 2. We found that IL-1β production by acetate relies on NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of HIF-1α, the latter being triggered by enhanced glycolysis. In conclusion, we unravel a new mechanism through which acetate reinforces the bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gomes Machado
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Severine Heumel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eliza Mathias Melo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Pourcet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1011, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1011 – European Genomic Institute for Diabetes EGID, Lille, France
| | - Valentin Sencio
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9017, Lille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1019, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: François Trottein,
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226
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Sun Q, Du M, Kang Y, Zhu MJ. Prebiotic effects of goji berry in protection against inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-25. [PMID: 34991393 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2015680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, which is concerning because IBD is a known risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence highlights environmental factors, particularly dietary factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis, as pivotal inducers of IBD onset. Goji berry, an ancient tonic food and a nutraceutical supplement, contains a range of phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Among these phytochemicals, L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are the most important functional constituents, which have protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recently, the beneficial effects of goji berry and associated LBPs consumption were linked to prebiotic effects, which can prevent dysbiosis associated with IBD. This review assessed pertinent literature on the protective effects of goji berry against IBD focusing on the gut microbiota and their metabolites in mediating the observed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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227
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Petersen N, Greiner TU, Torz L, Bookout A, Gerstenberg MK, Castorena CM, Kuhre RE. Targeting the Gut in Obesity: Signals from the Inner Surface. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010039. [PMID: 35050161 PMCID: PMC8778595 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is caused by prolonged energy surplus. Current anti-obesity medications are mostly centralized around the energy input part of the energy balance equation by increasing satiety and reducing appetite. Our gastrointestinal tract is a key organ for regulation of food intake and supplies a tremendous number of circulating signals that modulate the activity of appetite-regulating areas of the brain by either direct interaction or through the vagus nerve. Intestinally derived messengers are manifold and include absorbed nutrients, microbial metabolites, gut hormones and other enterokines, collectively comprising a fine-tuned signalling system to the brain. After a meal, nutrients directly interact with appetite-inhibiting areas of the brain and induce satiety. However, overall feeding behaviour also depends on secretion of gut hormones produced by highly specialized and sensitive enteroendocrine cells. Moreover, circulating microbial metabolites and their interactions with enteroendocrine cells further contribute to the regulation of feeding patterns. Current therapies exploiting the appetite-regulating properties of the gut are based on chemically modified versions of the gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) or on inhibitors of the primary GLP-1 inactivating enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The effectiveness of these approaches shows that that the gut is a promising target for therapeutic interventions to achieve significant weigh loss. We believe that increasing understanding of the functionality of the intestinal epithelium and new delivery systems will help develop selective and safe gut-based therapeutic strategies for improved obesity treatment in the future. Here, we provide an overview of the major homeostatic appetite-regulating signals generated by the intestinal epithelial cells and how these signals may be harnessed to treat obesity by pharmacological means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Petersen
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas U. Greiner
- The Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Lola Torz
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angie Bookout
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Marina Kjærgaard Gerstenberg
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
| | - Carlos M. Castorena
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (A.B.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre
- Global Obesity and Liver Disease Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Park 1, 2670 Måløv, Denmark; (L.T.); (M.K.G.); (R.E.K.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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228
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Jensen SK, Pærregaard SI, Brandum EP, Jørgensen AS, Hjortø GM, Jensen BAH. OUP accepted manuscript. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac008. [PMID: 35291443 PMCID: PMC8915887 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal survival depends on a well-balanced immune system and maintenance of host–microbe mutualism. The fine-tuned relationship between the gut microbiota and host immunity is constantly challenged by opportunistic bacteria testing the integrity of gastrointestinal (GI) barrier defenses. Barrier dysfunction reduces immunological tolerance towards otherwise innocuous microbes; it is a process that may instigate chronic inflammation. Paradoxically, sustained inflammation further diminishes barrier function, enabling bacterial translocation to extra-intestinal tissues. Once translocated, these bacteria stimulate systemic inflammation, thereby compromising organ function. While genetic risk alleles associate with barrier dysfunction, environmental stressors are key triggers of GI inflammation and associated breakdown in immune tolerance towards resident gut microbes. As dietary components dictate substrate availability, they also orchestrate microbiota composition and function, including migratory and pro-inflammatory potential, thus holding the capacity to fuel both GI and extra-intestinal inflammation. Additionally, Western diet consumption may weaken barrier defenses via curbed Paneth cell function and diminished host-defense peptide secretion. This review focuses on intervenable niches of host–microbe interactions and mucosal immunity with the ambition to provide a framework of plausible strategies to improve barrier function and regain tolerance in the inflamed mucosa via nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune K Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone I Pærregaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emma P Brandum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Build. 22.5.39, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark. Tel: +45-35330188;
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Begum N, Harzandi A, Lee S, Uhlen M, Moyes DL, Shoaie S. Host-mycobiome metabolic interactions in health and disease. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2121576. [PMID: 36151873 PMCID: PMC9519009 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal communities (mycobiome) have an important role in sustaining the resilience of complex microbial communities and maintenance of homeostasis. The mycobiome remains relatively unexplored compared to the bacteriome despite increasing evidence highlighting their contribution to host-microbiome interactions in health and disease. Despite being a small proportion of the total species, fungi constitute a large proportion of the biomass within the human microbiome and thus serve as a potential target for metabolic reprogramming in pathogenesis and disease mechanism. Metabolites produced by fungi shape host niches, induce immune tolerance and changes in their levels prelude changes associated with metabolic diseases and cancer. Given the complexity of microbial interactions, studying the metabolic interplay of the mycobiome with both host and microbiome is a demanding but crucial task. However, genome-scale modelling and synthetic biology can provide an integrative platform that allows elucidation of the multifaceted interactions between mycobiome, microbiome and host. The inferences gained from understanding mycobiome interplay with other organisms can delineate the key role of the mycobiome in pathophysiology and reveal its role in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Begum
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Azadeh Harzandi
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sunjae Lee
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David L. Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Saeed Shoaie
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH–Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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231
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Wan Y, Xu X, Gilbert RG, Sullivan MA. A Review on the Structure and Anti-Diabetic (Type 2) Functions of β-Glucans. Foods 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 35010185 PMCID: PMC8750484 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, a long-term chronic metabolic disease, causes severe and increasing economic and health problems globally. There is growing evidence that β-glucans can function as bioactive macromolecules that help control type 2 diabetes with minimal side effects. However, conflicting conclusions about the antidiabetic activities of β-glucans have been published, potentially resulting from incomplete understanding of their precise structural characteristics. This review aims to increase clarity on the structure-function relationships of β-glucans in treating type 2 diabetes by examining detailed structural and conformational features of naturally derived β-glucans, as well as both chemical and instrumental methods used in their characterization, and their underlying anti-diabetic mechanisms. This may help to uncover additional structure and function relationships and to expand applications of β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Robert G. Gilbert
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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232
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Lyu S, Pan F, Ge H, Yang Q, Duan X, Feng M, Liu X, Zhang T, Liu J. Fermented egg-milk beverage alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through the modulation of intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids. Food Funct 2021; 13:702-715. [PMID: 34935826 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fermented egg-milk beverage (FEMB) can alleviate the symptoms of intestinal diseases by regulating intestinal flora and supplying nutrition. This study investigated the protective effect of FEMB on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. The results showed that FEMB relieved the UC mice's pathological abnormalities and colonic inflammation, and restructured the intestinal flora composition simultaneously. After FEMB treatment for 14 days, the body weight of the mice rose and the disease activity index (DAI) value decreased. Furthermore, the length and form of colons in the UC mice were notably restored. Inflammatory cells decreased or disappeared, and goblet cells and crypt were enriched and modified. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results demonstrated that FEMB treatment could increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum content of mice, including unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus. Moreover, probiotics that can increase the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may contribute to inflammation alleviation. An increase in amino acids was observed in our experiment, which may benefit nutritional supplements. In conclusion, FEMB treatment can alleviate the damage of DSS-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. This study provides a theoretical basis for both the relief of inflammation and the application of FEMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengguang Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifang Ge
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuehui Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengmeng Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China. .,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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233
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Wang L, Zhang P, Li C, Xu F, Chen J. A polysaccharide from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit attenuates high-fat diet-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 13:530-547. [PMID: 34932054 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced colonic inflammation-stimulated colitis is one of the main causes of colorectal cancer. Dietary polysaccharides are considered an effective agent for relieving obesity-induced inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and colitis. In this work, the protective effects of a polysaccharide (RTFP) extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit on barrier dysfunction and inflammation were investigated using obesity-induced colitis model mice. RTFP treatment repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, claudin-1, and occludin) and reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines, intestinal permeability, and colonic oxidative stress in mice fed a high-fat diet. Most significantly, RTFP decreased gut inflammation and ameliorated the metabolic dysbiosis of intestinal microflora by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, reducing the levels of serum D-lactic acid and lipopolysaccharides, and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, RTFP significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Ruminococcaceae, Muribaculaceae, Akkermansiaceae, etc.) but decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. These findings indicate that RTFP can be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent to reduce chronic obesity-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Pan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fei Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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234
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Sammallahti H, Kokkola A, Rezasoltani S, Ghanbari R, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Knuutila S, Puolakkainen P, Sarhadi VK. Microbiota Alterations and Their Association with Oncogenomic Changes in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312978. [PMID: 34884776 PMCID: PMC8658013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease with a high mortality and poor prognosis. The human microbiome is a key factor in many malignancies, having the ability to alter host metabolism and immune responses and participate in tumorigenesis. Gut microbes have an influence on physiological functions of the healthy pancreas and are themselves controlled by pancreatic secretions. An altered oral microbiota may colonize the pancreas and cause local inflammation by the action of its metabolites, which may lead to carcinogenesis. The mechanisms behind dysbiosis and PC development are not completely clear. Herein, we review the complex interactions between PC tumorigenesis and the microbiota, and especially the question, whether and how an altered microbiota induces oncogenomic changes, or vice versa, whether cancer mutations have an impact on microbiota composition. In addition, the role of the microbiota in drug efficacy in PC chemo- and immunotherapies is discussed. Possible future scenarios are the intentional manipulation of the gut microbiota in combination with therapy or the utilization of microbial profiles for the noninvasive screening and monitoring of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidelinde Sammallahti
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Arto Kokkola
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Sama Rezasoltani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1985717411, Iran;
| | - Reza Ghanbari
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran P.O. Box 1411713135, Iran;
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 1985717411, Iran;
| | - Sakari Knuutila
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pauli Puolakkainen
- Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Virinder Kaur Sarhadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
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235
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Craig WJ, Mangels AR, Fresán U, Marsh K, Miles FL, Saunders AV, Haddad EH, Heskey CE, Johnston P, Larson-Meyer E, Orlich M. The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals. Nutrients 2021; 13:4144. [PMID: 34836399 PMCID: PMC8623061 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, defined here as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, including concerns for human health and the health of the planet. Plant-based diets are more environmentally sustainable than meat-based diets and have a reduced environmental impact, including producing lower levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Dietary guidelines are normally formulated to enhance the health of society, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and prevent nutritional deficiencies. We reviewed the scientific data on plant-based diets to summarize their preventative and therapeutic role in cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis. Consuming plant-based diets is safe and effective for all stages of the life cycle, from pregnancy and lactation, to childhood, to old age. Plant-based diets, which are high in fiber and polyphenolics, are also associated with a diverse gut microbiota, producing metabolites that have anti-inflammatory functions that may help manage disease processes. Concerns about the adequate intake of a number of nutrients, including vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fats, are discussed. The use of fortified foods and/or supplements as well as appropriate food choices are outlined for each nutrient. Finally, guidelines are suggested for health professionals working with clients consuming plant-based diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston J. Craig
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Ujué Fresán
- eHealth Group, Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Kate Marsh
- Private Practice, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia;
| | - Fayth L. Miles
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
| | - Angela V. Saunders
- Nutrition Insights, Sanitarium Health Food Company, Berkeley Vale, NSW 2261, Australia;
| | - Ella H. Haddad
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Celine E. Heskey
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Patricia Johnston
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; (F.L.M.); (E.H.H.); (C.E.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Enette Larson-Meyer
- Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michael Orlich
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA;
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Steenbeke M, Valkenburg S, Gryp T, Van Biesen W, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM, Glorieux G. Gut Microbiota and Their Derived Metabolites, a Search for Potential Targets to Limit Accumulation of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110809. [PMID: 34822593 PMCID: PMC8625482 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by gut dysbiosis with a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. Levels of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of albumin increase with CKD, both risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The relationship between fecal metabolites and plasma concentrations of PBUTs in different stages of CKD (n = 103) was explored. Estimated GFR tends to correlate with fecal butyric acid (BA) concentrations (rs = 0.212; p = 0.032), which, in its turn, correlates with the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Specific SCFAs correlate with concentrations of PBUT precursors in feces. Fecal levels of p-cresol correlate with its derived plasma UTs (p-cresyl sulfate: rs = 0.342, p < 0.001; p-cresyl glucuronide: rs = 0.268, p = 0.006), whereas an association was found between fecal and plasma levels of indole acetic acid (rs = 0.306; p = 0.002). Finally, the albumin symmetry factor correlates positively with eGFR (rs = 0.274; p = 0.005). The decreased abundance of SCFA-producing gut bacteria in parallel with the fecal concentration of BA and indole could compromise the intestinal barrier function in CKD. It is currently not known if this contributes to increased plasma levels of PBUTs, potentially playing a role in the PTMs of albumin. Further evaluation of SCFA-producing bacteria and SCFAs as potential targets to restore both gut dysbiosis and uremia is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Steenbeke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Valkenburg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Unit, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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237
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The Short-Chain Fatty Acids Propionate and Butyrate Augment Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Virulence but Repress Inflammation in a Human Intestinal Enteroid Model of Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0136921. [PMID: 34612688 PMCID: PMC8510176 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01369-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which consist of six or fewer carbons, are fermentation products of the bacterial community that inhabits the intestine. Due to an immunosuppressive effect on intestinal tissue, they have been touted as a therapeutic for inflammatory conditions of the bowel. Here, we study the impact of acetate, propionate, and butyrate, the three most abundant SCFAs in the intestine, on gene expression in the intestinal pathobiont adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. We pair this with adherence, invasion, and inflammation in Caco-2 and human intestinal enteroid (HIE)-derived monolayer models of the intestinal epithelium. We report that propionate and butyrate upregulate transcription of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) flagellar synthesis genes and decrease expression of capsule assembly and transport genes. These changes are predicted to augment AIEC invasiveness. In fact, SCFA supplementation increases AIEC adherence to and invasion of the Caco-2 monolayer but has no effect on these parameters in the HIE model. We attribute this to the anti-inflammatory effect of propionate and butyrate on HIEs but not on Caco-2 cells. We conclude that the potential of SCFAs to increase the virulence of intestinal pathogens should be considered in their use as anti-inflammatory agents. IMPORTANCE The human terminal ileum and colon are colonized by a community of microbes known as the microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) excreted by bacterial members of the microbiota define the intestinal environment. These constitute an important line of communication within the microbiota and between the microbiota and the host epithelium. In inflammatory conditions of the bowel, SCFAs are often low and there is a preponderance of a conditionally virulent bacterium termed adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC). A connection between SCFA abundance and AIEC has been suggested. Here, we study AIEC in monoculture and in coculture with human intestinal enteroid-derived monolayers and show that the SCFAs propionate and butyrate increase expression of AIEC virulence genes while concurrently bolstering the intestinal epithelial barrier and reducing intestinal inflammation. While these SCFAs have been promoted as a therapy for inflammatory bowel conditions, our findings demonstrate that their effect on bacterial virulence must be considered.
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238
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Calatayud M, Börner RA, Ghyselinck J, Verstrepen L, Medts JD, den Abbeele PV, Boulangé CL, Priour S, Marzorati M, Damak S. Water Kefir and Derived Pasteurized Beverages Modulate Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability and Cytokine Production In Vitro. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113897. [PMID: 34836151 PMCID: PMC8625349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is an ancient food preservation process, and fermented products have been traditionally consumed in different cultures worldwide over the years. The interplay between human gut microbiota, diet and host health is widely recognized. Diet is one of the main factors modulating gut microbiota potentially with beneficial effects on human health. Fermented dairy products have received much attention, but other sources of probiotic delivery through food received far less attention. In this research, a combination of in vitro tools mimicking colonic fermentation and the intestinal epithelium have been applied to study the effect of different pasteurized and non-pasteurized water kefir products on gut microbiota, epithelial barrier function and immunomodulation. Water kefir increased beneficial short-chain fatty acid production at the microbial level, reduced detrimental proteolytic fermentation compounds and increased Bifidobacterium genus abundance. The observed benefits are enhanced by pasteurization. Pasteurized products also had a significant effect at the host level, improving inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and increasing IL-10 and IL-1β compared to the control condition. Our data support the potential health benefits of water kefir and demonstrate that pasteurization, performed to prolong shelf life and stability of the product, also enhanced these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Aragao Börner
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Jonas Ghyselinck
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Lynn Verstrepen
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Jelle De Medts
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Pieter Van den Abbeele
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
| | - Claire L. Boulangé
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Priour
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.C.); (J.G.); (L.V.); (J.D.M.); (P.V.d.A.)
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (R.A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Sami Damak
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, and Nestlé Institute of Material Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.L.B.); (S.P.); (S.D.)
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Zhu L, Mu T, Ma M, Sun H, Zhao G. Nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, volatile compounds, and stability properties of sweet potato residues fermented with selected lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Food Chem 2021; 374:131500. [PMID: 34772572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of four kinds of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one bifidobacteria on nutritional composition, antioxidant activity, volatile compounds and stability properties of fermented sweet potato residues (SPR) were investigated. The soluble dietary fiber (12.92-16.63 g/100 g DW), total polyphenols content (90.51-97.35 mg/100 g DW), organic acids, and stability of SPR were increased after fermentation. The DPPH radical scavenging capacity (39.49-62.04 mg AAE/100 g DW) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (47.14-71.87 mg TE/100 g DW) were also increased, of which SPR fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CICC 23119 exhibited the highest values. Meanwhile, the anti-nutritional compound (oxalic acid) was decreased from 0.46 to 0.08-0.30 mg/g DW. Also, the fermented SPR exhibited different flavors compared with SPR, due to the production of acids especially antiseptic hexanoic acid and sorbic acid. Therefore, these results can provide a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of SPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China; College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Taihua Mu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Mengmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Hongnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, No. 2 Tian Sheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, PR China
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240
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Wu Y, Xu H, Tu X, Gao Z. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Gut Microbiota Origin in Hypertension. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730809. [PMID: 34650536 PMCID: PMC8506212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and its development involves multiple mechanisms. Gut microbiota has been reported to be closely linked to hypertension. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-the metabolites of gut microbiota-participate in hypertension development through various pathways, including specific receptors, immune system, autonomic nervous system, metabolic regulation and gene transcription. This article reviews the possible mechanisms of SCFAs in regulating blood pressure and the prospects of SCFAs as a target to prevent and treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Hongqing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Zhenyan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
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241
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Ma Y, Jiang S, Zeng M. In vitro simulated digestion and fermentation characteristics of polysaccharide from oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and its effects on the gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110646. [PMID: 34600701 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oyster is a kind of nutritious shellfish widely consumed globally, and its polysaccharide (OPS) has been verified to have strong functional activity. However, it is still unclear about the specific digestion and prebiotic properties of OPS. In the present study, the digestion and fermentation properties of OPS and its effect on gut microbiota were evaluated using simulated digestion (saliva, stomach, and small intestine) and fermentation models in vitro. The results showed that the molecular weight (Mw) of OPS decreased from 5.73 × 106 to 4.35 × 106 Da, and the reducing sugar content increased from 0.043 to 0.096 mg/mL, indicating that OPS was partially degraded during the saliva-gastrointestinal digestion. During fermentation, the Mw and carbohydrate residue of indigestible OPS (OPSI) decreased, and free monosaccharides were released, suggesting that OPSI could be further degraded and utilized by gut microbiota. Notably, OPSI could regulate the composition and diversity of the microbial community, especially increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium. Additionally, after fermentation for 24 h, OPSI promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and acetic acid, propionic acid, and n-butyric acid were the main metabolites. These results provided a reference for the digestive characteristics of OPS and revealed that OPS might be a potential prebiotic to prevent diseases by improving intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Suisui Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
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242
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Juchnowicz D, Dzikowski M, Rog J, Waszkiewicz N, Karakuła KH, Zalewska A, Maciejczyk M, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184156. [PMID: 34575267 PMCID: PMC8466193 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To allow better diagnosis and management of psychiatric illnesses, the use of easily accessible biomarkers are proposed. Therefore, recognition of some diseases by a set of related pathogenesis biomarkers is a promising approach. The study aims to assess the usefulness of examining oxidative stress (OS) in schizophrenia as a potential biomarker of illness using the commonly used data mining decision tree method. The study group was comprised of 147 participants: 98 patients with schizophrenia (SZ group), and the control group (n = 49; HC). The patients with schizophrenia were divided into two groups: first-episode schizophrenia (n = 49; FS) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 49; CS). The assessment included the following biomarkers in sera of patients: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), dityrosine (DITYR), kynurenine (KYN), N-formylkynurenine (NFK), tryptophan (TRY), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO) and total protein. Maximum accuracy (89.36%) for distinguishing SZ from HC was attained with TOS and GPx (cut-off points: 392.70 and 15.33). For differentiating between FS and CS, the most promising were KYN, AOPP, TAC and NO (100%; cut-off points: 721.20, 0.55, 64.76 and 2.59). To distinguish FS from HC, maximum accuracy was found for GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 859.96 and 0.31), and in order to distinguish CS from HC, the most promising were GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 0.26 and 343.28). Using redox biomarkers would be the most promising approach for discriminating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals and, in the future, could be used as an add-on marker to diagnose and/or respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Juchnowicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-124 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Dzikowski
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Joanna Rog
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
| | - Kaja Hanna Karakuła
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory and Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-437 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (K.H.K.); (H.K.-J.)
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243
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Dos Santos Ramos A, Viana GCS, de Macedo Brigido M, Almeida JF. Neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel diseases: Implications in pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105779. [PMID: 34298111 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Among the various immune cells involved in IBD, neutrophils are the first to infiltrate and appear to contribute to the impairment of the epithelial barrier, destruction of tissues by oxidative and proteolytic damage, as well as to the perpetuation of inflammation by the release of cytokines and chemokines associated with pro-inflammatory effects. In addition to basic effector mechanisms, such as phagocytosis and chemotaxis, neutrophils can also form extracellular traps (NETs), which is made up of a mesh-like structure - which contains its chromatin (DNA + histones) together with granules and enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophilic elastase (NE) - and that acts as a trap that can result in the death of extracellular pathogens and/or can promote tissue damage. Recent evidence indicates that NETs also play an important and significant role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Previous studies have reported increased levels of NETs in tissue and serum samples from patients with IBD, as well as in experimental colitis. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of NETs and their role in the pathophysiology of IBD, pointing out potential mechanisms by which NETs promote tissue damage, as well as their involvement in complications associated with IBD. In addition, we propose potential targets for therapy to regulate the production of NETs, making it possible to expand the current spectrum of therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Juliana Franco Almeida
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil.
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244
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He C, Wang H, Yu C, Peng C, Shu X, Liao W, Zhu Z. Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Patients With Intestinal Tuberculosis That Different From Crohn's Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:673691. [PMID: 34295880 PMCID: PMC8290844 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.673691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory bowel disorders that are associated with dysregulated mucosal immunity. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of host immunity and inflammatory response. Although mounting evidence has linked CD with the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, the characteristic profiles of mucosal bacteria in ITB remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the alterations of the gut microbiota in ITB and compare the microbial structure of ITB with CD. A total of 71 mucosal samples were collected from patients with ITB, CD, and healthy controls (HC), and then, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. The overall composition of gut microbiota in ITB was strikingly different from HC, with the dominance of Proteobacteria and reduction of Firmicutes. Of note, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus were decreased in ITB relative to HC, while Klebsiella and Pseudomonas were enriched. Multiple predictive functional modules were altered in ITB, including the over-representation of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection that can promote inflammation. Additionally, the microbial structure in CD was distinctly different from ITB, characterized by lower alpha diversity and increased abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Collinsella, and Klebsiella. These four bacterial markers distinguished ITB from CD with an area under the curve of 97.6%. This study established the compositional and functional perturbation of the gut microbiome in ITB and suggested the potential for using gut microbiota as biomarkers to differentiate ITB from CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wangdi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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245
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Xiao Z, Deng Q, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Immune activities of polysaccharides isolated from Lycium barbarum L. What do we know so far? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107921. [PMID: 34174277 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum is widely used as a functional food and medicinal herb to promote health and longevity in China and in some other Asian countries. In modern pharmacological and chemical studies, the most valuable and well-researched component of L. barbarum is a group of unique water-soluble glycoconjugates that are collectively termed Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs). Numerous modern pharmacological studies have revealed that LBPs possess antiaging, antidiabetic, antifibrotic, neuroprotective, and immunomodulation properties, while the immunomodulatory effect is primary and is involved in other activities. However, due to their structural heterogeneity and lack of chromophores, it has long been unclear how LBPs work on the immune system. A few studies have recently provided some insights into the proposed mode of action of LBPs, such as structure-activity relationships, receptor recognition, and gut microbiota modulation of LBPs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immunoregulating properties of LBPs and their related mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
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246
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do Carmo MAV, Fidelis M, de Oliveira PF, Feitoza LQ, Marques MJ, Ferreira EB, Oh WY, Shahidi F, Hellström J, Almeida LA, Novaes RD, Granato D, Azevedo L. Ellagitannins from jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) seeds attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, aberrant crypt foci, and modulated gut microbiota in rats with 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112287. [PMID: 34058233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since dietary factors are thought to be responsible for high colon cancer risk, we investigated the chemopreventive effect of jabuticaba seed extract (LJE) by administering yogurt with or without LJE against 1,2 dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Results showed that LJE contained a total phenolic content of 57.16 g/100 g of seed extract in which 7.67 and 10.09 g/100 g represented total flavonoids and ellagitannins, respectively. LJE protected DNA and human LDL against induced in vitro oxidation, which was associated with the ellagitannin content and with the free-radical scavenging and reducing capacities. LJE alone had a non-clastogenicity/aneugenicity property, but in combination with cisplatin, it enhanced the chromosome aberrations in cancer cells. In colon cancer-induced rats, yogurt with or without LJE caused a reduction in pro-inflammatory parameters, decreased the RNA expression of antiapoptotic cytokines and increased the expression of proapoptotic cytokines. Moreover, LJE attenuated colon cancer initiation and progression by decreasing aberrant crypt foci and LJE recovered the gut microbiome. Together, this evidence suggests that LJE provides chemopreventive protection against colon cancer development by reducing inflammation and increasing proapoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Fidelis
- Food Processing and Quality, Innovative Food System, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lais Quellen Feitoza
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Marques
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Eric Batista Ferreira
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Won Young Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Jarkko Hellström
- Food Processing and Quality, Innovative Food System, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonardo Augusto Almeida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Food Processing and Quality, Innovative Food System, Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Luciana Azevedo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, 37130-000, Alfenas, Brazil
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247
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Liu C, Huang S, Wu Z, Li T, Li N, Zhang B, Han D, Wang S, Zhao J, Wang J. Cohousing-mediated microbiota transfer from milk bioactive components-dosed mice ameliorate colitis by remodeling colonic mucus barrier and lamina propria macrophages. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-23. [PMID: 33789528 PMCID: PMC8018355 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1903826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) are highly abundant in breast milk, and have been shown to exhibit potent immunomodulatory effects. Yet, their role in the gut microbiota modulation in relation to colitis remains understudied. Since the mixtures of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) perfectly mimic the properties and functions of HMOs, the combination of MFGM, FOS, and GOS (CMFG) has therefore been developed and used in this study. Here, CMFG were pre-fed to mice for three weeks to investigate its preventive effect on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis. Moreover, CMFG-treated and vehicle-treated mice were cohoused to further elucidate the preventive role of the gut microbiota transfer in colitis. At the end of the study, 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiling, transcriptome sequencing, histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis were conducted. Our results showed that CMFG pre-supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis as evidenced by decreased disease activity index (DAI) score, reduced body weight loss, increased colon length and mucin secretion, and ameliorated intestinal damage. Moreover, CMFG reduced macrophages in the colon, resulting in decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MPO in the colon and circulation. Furthermore, CMFG altered the gut microbiota composition and promoted SCFAs production in DSS-induced colitis. Markedly, the cohousing study revealed that transfer of gut microbiota from CMFG-treated mice largely improved the DSS-induced colitis as evidenced by reduced intestinal damage and decreased macrophages infiltration in the colon. Moreover, transfer of the gut microbiota from CMFG-treated mice protected against DSS-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and promotes SCFAs production, which showed to be associated with colitis amelioration. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the beneficial role of CMFG in the gastrointestinal diseases, and further provide evidence for the rational design of effective prophylactic functional diets in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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