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Rong H, Xie XH, Zhao J, Lai WT, Wang MB, Xu D, Liu YH, Guo YY, Xu SX, Deng WF, Yang QF, Xiao L, Zhang YL, He FS, Wang S, Liu TB. Similarly in depression, nuances of gut microbiota: Evidences from a shotgun metagenomics sequencing study on major depressive disorder versus bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode patients. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 113:90-99. [PMID: 30927646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To probe the differences of gut microbiota among major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder with current major depressive episode (BPD) and health participants. METHODS Thirty one MDD patients, thirty BPD patients, and thirty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. All the faecal samples were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Except for routine analyses of alpha diversity, we specially designed a new indicator, the Gm coefficient, to evaluate the inequality of relative abundances of microbiota for each participant. RESULTS The Gm coefficients are significant decreased in both MDD and BPD groups. The relative abundances of increased phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and decreased Bacteroidetes were significantly in the MDD and BPD groups. At genus level, four of top five enriched genera (Bacteroides, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Oscillibacter and Streptococcus) were found increased significantly in the MDD and BPD groups compared with HCs. The genera Escherichia and Klebsiella showed significant changes in abundances only between the BPD and HC groups. At the species level, compared with BPD patients, MDD patients had a higher abundance of Prevotellaceae including Prevotella denticola F0289, Prevotella intermedia 17, Prevotella ruminicola, and Prevotella intermedia. Furthermore, the abundance of Fusobacteriaceae, Escherichia blattae DSM 4481 and Klebsiella oxytoca were significantly increased, whereas the Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 was significantly reduced in BPD group compared with MDD group. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of both MDD and BPD patients, and the nuances of bacteria may have the potentiality of being the biomarkers of MDD and BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Affiliated Shenzhen Clinical College of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China; Laboratory of Brain Stimulation and Biological Psychiatry, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Tao Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Bang Wang
- Xiamen Branch, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang-Hui Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Feng Deng
- Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Fan Yang
- Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People's Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tie-Bang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Thakare VN, Patil RR, Suralkar AA, Dhakane VD, Patel BM. Protocatechuic acid attenuate depressive-like behavior in olfactory bulbectomized rat model: behavioral and neurobiochemical investigations. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:775-787. [PMID: 30848471 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to investigate potential effects of PCA in OBX induced depressive-like behavior in rat model. PCA was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, by per oral in OBX and sham operated rats. Behavioral (ambulatory and rearing activity and immobility time), neurochemical [serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression], biochemical (MDA formation, IL-6, TNF-α and antioxidants) changes in hippocampus and cerebral cortex along with serum corticosterone were investigated. Experimental findings reveals that OBX subjected rats showed alteration in behaviors like, increase in immobility time, ambulatory and rearing behaviors significantly, reduced BDNF level, 5-HT, DA,NE and antioxidant parameters along with increased serum corticosterone, MDA formation, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus and cerebral cortex compared to sham operated rats. Administration of PCA significantly attenuated behavioral and neurobiochemical alterations, thus, its antidepressant-like activity is largely mediated through modulation of neurotransmitter, endocrine and immunologic systems, mainly by improvements of BDNF, 5-HT, DA, NE, reduced MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α in hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu N Thakare
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lonavala, Maharashtra, 410401, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Rajesh R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lonavala, Maharashtra, 410401, India
| | - Anupama A Suralkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhawa, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India
| | - Valmik D Dhakane
- Research and Development, Astec Life Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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203
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Pan L, Tian Q, Wu Y, Long S, Yin J, Piao X. Yeast extract could be used as a partial substitute for spray-dried porcine plasma in diets for weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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204
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Şahin TD, Göçmez SS, Eraldemir FC, Utkan T. Anxiolytic-Like and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Resveratrol in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 56:144-149. [PMID: 31223249 DOI: 10.29399/npa.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Diabetes is associated with anxiety and depression. Resveratrol, one of the most potent natural polyphenols with antioxidant properties, has been demonstrated to have benefits against diabetes. In the current study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on depression and anxiety-like behaviors in diabetic rats. Methods Adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned for control and diabetic groups, and these groups were divided into four subgroups as follows: Saline-treated, DMSO-treated, resveratrol-treated and imipramine-treated animals (n=10). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg), and 2 days after the STZ injection the rats having hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dl) were assigned to be diabetic. Rats in treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with resveratrol (20 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. After 4-week-treatment period, tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze test (EPM) and locomotor activity test were performed. Blood samples were collected to estimate serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase (Nox) levels. Results Diabetic rats displayed depressive-like behaviors in the FST and TST, and anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM. Resveratrol and imipramine decreased anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors without affecting locomotor activity in diabetic rats. A significant reduction in SOD levels and a marked increase in Nox levels were observed in diabetic rats. Resveratrol treatment normalized these levels, while imipramine did not affect neither SOD nor Nox levels. Conclusion This study indicates that chronic resveratrol treatment may able to treat comorbid anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors in diabetes through inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Demirtaş Şahin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Semil Selcen Göçmez
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ceyla Eraldemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Kocaeli, Kocaeli, Turkey
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205
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Ceasing exercise induces depression-like, anxiety-like, and impaired cognitive-like behaviours and altered hippocampal gene expression. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:118-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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206
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Ren Q. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor: A Novel Potential Therapeutic or Prophylactic Drug for Psychiatric Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:420. [PMID: 31105566 PMCID: PMC6492054 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders, including depression and schizophrenia, affect millions of individuals worldwide. However, the precise neurobiology of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggests that various inflammatory processes play a key role in depression and schizophrenia, and that anti-inflammatory drugs exert a therapeutic effect in patients with psychiatric disorders. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. These mediators are broken down into their corresponding diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), and inhibition of sEH enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of EETs. Therefore, sEH may play a key role in inflammation, which is involved in psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have shown that abnormal levels of sEH may be involved in the pathogenesis of certain psychiatric diseases, and that sEH inhibitors exhibit antidepressant and antipsychotic activity. The present review discusses the extensive evidence supporting sEH as a therapeutic target for psychiatric diseases, and the clinical value of sEH inhibitors as therapeutic or prophylactic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center of Stem Cell and Immune Cell Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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207
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Deveci E, Kocacenk T, Şahan E, Yılmaz O, Öztürk A, Kırpınar İ. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with psoriasis; is there any relationship with psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive functions? PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1589176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Deveci
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Kocacenk
- Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İzzet Baysal Ruh Sağlığı Ve Hastalıkları Eğitim Ve Araştırma, Hastanesi, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şahan
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Yılmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmet Kırpınar
- Department of Psychiatry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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208
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Almahozi A, Radhi M, Alzayer S, Kamal A. Effects of Memantine in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:bs9030024. [PMID: 30845688 PMCID: PMC6466583 DOI: 10.3390/bs9030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent impairment in cognitive functioning postoperatively is reported by clinical and animal studies, and is labeled as postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Evidence points to an exaggerated neuroinflammatory response resulting from peripheral systemic inflammation after surgery, with subsequent cytokine-induced glutamatergic excitotoxicity and synaptic impairment. These immunological changes, among many others, are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease. Memantine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist commonly used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Surprisingly, little research exists on the role of memantine in preventing POCD. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of memantine on a spectrum of cognitive functions postoperatively. Mice were divided into 3 groups and each received treatment for 4 weeks. Placebo groups received a placebo then underwent either a sham procedure or a laparotomy procedure. The memantine group received memantine hydrochloride then underwent a laparotomy procedure. Cognitive tests were performed on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 7. Compared to sham-operated mice, placebo groups that underwent a laparotomy procedure showed impaired memory in the Morris water maze test, higher anxiety-like behavior in the open field and the elevated plus maze tests, increased depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test, and lack of preference for social novelty in the three-chamber test. On the other hand, memantine-treated mice that underwent a laparotomy procedure showed enhanced memory on POD7, improved depression-like behavior on POD1 and POD7, enhanced preference for social novelty on POD1, and no improvement in anxiety-like behavior. These findings suggest a potential protective effect of memantine in mice postoperatively on memory, depression-like behavior, and preference for social novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almahozi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama 1111, Bahrain.
| | - Mohamed Radhi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama 1111, Bahrain.
| | - Suja Alzayer
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama 1111, Bahrain.
| | - Amer Kamal
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, P.O. Box 26671, Manama 1111, Bahrain.
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209
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Chan KL, Cathomas F, Russo SJ. Central and Peripheral Inflammation Link Metabolic Syndrome and Major Depressive Disorder. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 34:123-133. [PMID: 30724127 PMCID: PMC6586832 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00047.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and major depression are two of the most common and debilitating disorders worldwide, occurring with significant rates of comorbidity. Recent studies have uncovered that each of these conditions is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. This is characterized by increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered leukocyte population frequencies in blood, accumulation of immune cells in tissues including the brain, and activation of these immune cells. Cytokines that become elevated during obesity can contribute to the progression of metabolic syndrome by directly causing insulin resistance. During chronic stress, there is evidence that these cytokines promote depression-like behavior by disrupting neurotransmitter synthesis and signal transduction. Animal models of obesity and depression have revealed a bi-directional relationship whereby high-fat feeding and chronic stress synergize and exacerbate metabolic dysregulation and behavioral abnormalities. Although far from conclusive, emerging evidence suggests that inflammation in the central and peripheral immune system may link metabolic syndrome to major depressive disorder. In this review, we will synthesize available data supporting this view and identify critical areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny L Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York
| | - Scott J Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Affective Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York
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Gao W, Wang W, Liu G, Zhang J, Yang J, Deng Z. Allicin attenuated chronic social defeat stress induced depressive-like behaviors through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:319-329. [PMID: 30515710 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Allicin, one of the main biologically active compounds derived from garlic, was previously reported to possess multiple pharmacological activities. Whether allicin protected against chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) induced depressive-like behaviors remained unknown. Thus, our present study for the first time investigated the potential antidepressant effects and the mechanisms of allicin on the CSDS mice model. Thirty minutes before social defeat stress, allicin (2, 10, 50 mg/kg) was treated by intraperitoneal injection. The duration times of CSDS model establishment and allicin intervene were 10 days. Subsequently, the force swimming test (FST), social interaction test (SIT), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were applied for behavioral assessments. The levels of inflammation mediators were determined by commercial ELISA kits. The concentration of iron was tested, and relative protein expressions were measured by western blot. Oxidative stress and apoptosis markers were also detected by commercial kits and western blot. The behavioral defects induced by social defeat stress were obviously improved by allicin. Microglia activation, as well as inflammatory cytokines elevation in the hippocampus of CSDS also down-regulated by administration of allicin. Furthermore, content of iron and protein expressions of key components in iron metabolism were remarkably aberrant changed in the CSDS mice hippocampus, meanwhile, allicin ameliorated this phenomenon. Allicin decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl, and the protein expression of NOX4, as well as up-regulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. In addition, allicin attenuated the enhanced neuronal apoptosis. Finally, allicin supplementation inhibited the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome hyperactivity, and the expressions of inflammasome components, such as ACS, caspase-1, and IL-1β in the hippocampus of CSDS mice. Allicin attenuated depressive-like behaviors of CSDS mice through reducing neuroinflammation, ameliorating iron abnromal accumulation, balacing oxidative stress, and attenuation neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Gao
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory & Yichang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory & Yichang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory & Yichang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Central Experimental Laboratory & Yichang Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Translational Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443003, China.
| | - Zhifang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University & Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443000, China.
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Ohlsson L, Gustafsson A, Lavant E, Suneson K, Brundin L, Westrin Å, Ljunggren L, Lindqvist D. Leaky gut biomarkers in depression and suicidal behavior. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:185-193. [PMID: 30347427 PMCID: PMC6587489 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behavior. According to the 'leaky gut hypothesis', increased intestinal permeability may contribute to this relationship via bacterial translocation across enterocytes. We measured plasma levels of gut permeability markers, in patients with a recent suicide attempt (rSA), MDD subjects with no history of a suicide attempt (nsMDD), and healthy controls (HC), and related these markers to symptom severity and inflammation. METHOD We enrolled rSA (n = 54), nsMDD (n = 13), and HC (n = 17). Zonulin, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), soluble CD14, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified in plasma. Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS) were used for symptom assessments. RESULTS The rSA group displayed higher I-FABP and lower zonulin levels compared with both the nsMDD and the HC groups (all P < 0.001). IL-6 correlated positively with I-FABP (r = 0.24, P < 0.05) and negatively with zonulin (r = -0.25, P < 0.05). In all subjects, I-FABP levels correlated positively with MADRS (r = 0.25, P < 0.05) and SUAS scores (r = 0.38, P < 0.001), and the latter correlation was significant also in the nsMDD group (r = 0.60, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The 'leaky gut hypothesis' may improve our understanding of the link between inflammation and suicidal behavior. These findings should be considered preliminary until replicated in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical ScienceMalmo UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - A. Gustafsson
- Department of Biomedical ScienceMalmo UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - E. Lavant
- Department of Biomedical ScienceMalmo UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - K. Suneson
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, PsychiatryLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - L. Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative ScienceVan Andel Research InstituteGrand RapidsMIUSA
| | - Å. Westrin
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, PsychiatryLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - L. Ljunggren
- Department of Biomedical ScienceMalmo UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - D. Lindqvist
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, PsychiatryLund UniversityLundSweden
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Immunological Aspects of Depressive Disorder – The Review. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Depression represents a mood disorder and is considered to be one of the most common mental disorders in general. World Health Organization estimates that depression will be the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years, until 2030. Depression is a complex heterogeneous disorder where immune system and its regulation play an important role. Innate and adaptive immunity mecha nisms are included, along with processes of immune activation and suppression. The expression of humoral factors of innate immunity, especially pro-inflammatory cytokines, is increased, whereas the intensity of cellular immune mechanisms, primarily T cells and NK cells, are impaired. The influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines on depression is reflected in their effect on certain enzymes and ensuing reduction of neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. They also affect the neuroendocrine function in central nervous system, resulting in increase of cortisol levels and inactivation of glucocorticoid receptors in the periphery, which leads to neurodegeneration and decrease in neurotransmitter production. Certain cytokines affect neuroplasticity through the decreasing of concentration of neurotrophic brain factor and induction of brain cell apoptosis. The results are often contradictory talking about mechanisms of adaptive immunity. On one hand, an increased activity of Tlymphocytes is observed, while on the other, there are evidence of spontaneous apoptosis and impaired function of these cells in depression. In addition, neuroprotective role of autoreactive and regulatory T cells in prevention of depression has also been demonstrated. The aim of this paper is to analyze the current knowledge on the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of depression.
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213
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Brás JP, Pinto S, Almeida MI, Prata J, von Doellinger O, Coelho R, Barbosa MA, Santos SG. Peripheral Biomarkers of Inflammation in Depression: Evidence from Animal Models and Clinical Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:467-492. [PMID: 31273717 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent psychiatric condition, with over 300 million sufferers, and is an important comorbidity for other conditions, like cardiovascular disorders or diabetes. Therapy is largely based on psychotherapy and/or pharmacological intervention, particularly aimed at altering neurotransmitter levels in the central nervous system, but inadequate response to treatment remains a significant clinical problem. Herein, evidence supporting a molecular link between inflammation and depression will be discussed, particularly the increased prevalence of depression in chronic inflammatory diseases and the evidence on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat depression. Moreover, the potential for the levels of peripheral inflammatory molecules to act as depression biomarkers, in the diagnosis and monitoring of depression will be examined, considering clinical- and animal model-based evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Brás
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Pinto
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - M I Almeida
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Prata
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - O von Doellinger
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - R Coelho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Barbosa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S G Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Silva-Costa LC, Carlson PT, Guest PC, de Almeida V, Martins-de-Souza D. Proteomic Markers for Depression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:191-206. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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215
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Sethi R, Gómez-Coronado N, Walker AJ, Robertson OD, Agustini B, Berk M, Dodd S. Neurobiology and Therapeutic Potential of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors for Inflammation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:605. [PMID: 31551825 PMCID: PMC6738329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, are associated with significant illness burden. Accumulating evidence supports an association between these disorders and inflammation. Consequently, anti-inflammatory agents, such as the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, represent a novel avenue to prevent and treat neuropsychiatric illness. In this paper, we first review the role of inflammation in psychiatric pathophysiology including inflammatory cytokines' influence on neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and microglial mechanisms. We then discuss how cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitors influence these pathways with potential therapeutic benefit, with a focus on celecoxib, due to its superior safety profile. A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases, in addition to Clinicaltrials.gov and the Stanley Medical Research Institute trial registries. The results were presented as a narrative review. Currently available outcomes for randomized controlled trials up to November 2017 are also discussed. The evidence reviewed here suggests cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and in particular celecoxib, may indeed assist in treating the symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders; however, further studies are required to assess appropriate illness stage-related indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickinder Sethi
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nieves Gómez-Coronado
- Unidad de Gestión Clinica Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver D'Arcy Robertson
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruno Agustini
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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216
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Wadhawan A, Hill DE, Dagdag A, Mohyuddin H, Donnelly P, Jones JL, Postolache TT. No evidence for airborne transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in a very high prevalence area in Lancaster County. Pteridines 2018; 29:172-178. [PMID: 31649420 PMCID: PMC6812650 DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been associated with acute food-borne illness, chronic low-grade inflammation, neuropsychiatric conditions and reactivation of chronic latent infection in immunocompetent hosts. Primary infection with T. gondii in pregnant women can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis. In addition to well-known oral tissue-cyst or oocyst ingestion, we hypothesized that the very high prevalence of T. gondii in certain populations exposed to agricultural dust could be, in part, a consequence of airborne infection with oocysts. Methods: Wo collected environmental dust samples from an area with a reportedly high T. gondii seroprevalence in the Old Order Amish population, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Samples included: a) air filters from air-conditioning units; b) swabs of settled dust; and c) vacuum filters containing airborne field dust. Pools of the swabs and shredded sub-samples of the air filters were fed to pigs, with inoculation into mice of heart tissue from seroconverted pigs. We also investigated the presence of T. gondii DNA using PCR amplification. Results: Only one pig seroconverted. However, bioassay of pig heart tissue further inoculated into mice showed no evidence of T. gondii infection. Consistently, no evidence of T. gondii DNA was revealed in any sample. Conclusions: No evidence of airborne transmission was found in the environmental samples that were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Dolores E Hill
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hira Mohyuddin
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Patrick Donnelly
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Jones
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80220, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,
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217
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Kędzierska E, Dąbkowska L, Obierzyński P, Polakowska M, Poleszak E, Wlaź P, Szewczyk K, Kotlińska J. Synergistic Action of Sodium Selenite with some Antidepressants and Diazepam in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E270. [PMID: 30545058 PMCID: PMC6320926 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of selenium (Se) have been proven in many studies. This work was aimed at confirming these activities of its inorganic form-sodium selenite-and examining the possible synergy of action with antidepressants and diazepam. METHODS The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of Se was assessed using forced swim tests (FSTs) and elevated plus-maze test (EPMs). Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured using photoresistor actimeters. The experiments were conducted on male Albino Swiss mice. RESULTS Sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FSTs and extended time spent in the open arms of EPMs without affecting locomotor activity The combined administration of Se at an ineffective dose (0.25 mg/kg) together with imipramine (15 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), tianeptine (10 mg/kg), but not with reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg), resulted in a reduction of immobility time in FSTs, and with a threshold dose of diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) led to the prolongation of time spent in the open arms of the EPM. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effect of Se (0.5 mg/kg) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS The results may indicate the participation of serotonergic transmission to antidepressant action of Se and GABA-ergic transmission to its anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Lila Dąbkowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paweł Obierzyński
- Human Anatomy Research Group, Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-400 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Polakowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Kotlińska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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218
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Fan C, Song Q, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Yu SY. Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenoside-Rg1 Against Depression-Like Behaviors via Suppressing Glial Activation, Synaptic Deficits, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2889. [PMID: 30581440 PMCID: PMC6292928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a neuropsychiatric disease associated with various neuronal changes within specific brain regions. We previously reported that ginsenoside-Rg1, a potential neuroprotective agent extracted from ginseng, significantly alleviated depressive-like disorders induced by chronic stress in rats. However, the mechanisms by which ginsenoside-Rg1 exerts its neuroprotective effects in depression remain largely uncharacterized. In the present study we confirm that ginsenoside-Rg1 significantly prevented the antidepressant-like effects in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and report on some of the underlying mechanisms associated with this effect. Specifically, we found that chronic pretreatment with ginsenoside-Rg1 prior to stress exposure significantly suppressed inflammatory pathway activity via alleviating the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. These effects were accompanied with an attenuation of dendritic spine and synaptic deficits as associated with an upregulation of synaptic-related proteins in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In addition, ginsenoside-Rg1 inhibited neuronal apoptosis induced by CUMS exposure, increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression within the vmPFC region. Furthermore, ginsenoside-Rg1 could increase the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression and inhibit p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit activation within the vmPFC. Taken together, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1, which may assume the antidepressant-like effect in this animal model of depression, appears to result from amelioration of a CUMS-dependent neuronal deterioration within the vmPFC. Moreover, they also provide support for the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside-Rg1 in the treatment of stress-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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219
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Low Serum Tryptophan Levels as an Indicator of Global Cognitive Performance in Nondemented Women over 50 Years of Age. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8604718. [PMID: 30584466 PMCID: PMC6280300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8604718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a physiological decline process. The number of older adults is growing around the world; therefore, the incidence of cognitive impairment, dementia, and other diseases related to aging increases. The main cellular factors that converge in the aging process are mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidant impairment, inflammation, and immune response decline, among others. In this context, these cellular changes have an influence on the kynurenine pathway (KP), the main route of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. KP metabolites have been involved in the aging process and neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are changes in the metabolite levels with age, at this time, there is no study that has evaluated cognitive decline as a consequence of Trp catabolism fluctuation in aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the changes in Trp catabolism and cognitive impairment associated with age through KP metabolites level alterations in women over 50 years of age. Seventy-seven nondemented women over 50 years old were examined with a standardized cognitive screening evaluation in Spanish language (Neuropsi), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Also, serum levels of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and 3-hydroykynurenine (3-HK) and the glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) were measured. Results showed a negative correlation between age and Trp levels and a positive correlation between age and KYNA/Trp and 3-HK/Trp ratios. The level of cognitive impairment showed a significant positive association with age and with kynurenine pathway activation and a significant negative correlation with Trp levels. The GSH/GSSG ratio correlated positively with Trp levels and negatively with Kyn/Trp and 3-HK/Trp ratios. The depression score correlated negatively with Trp and positively with the 3-HK/Trp ratio. We concluded that KP activation increases with age and it is strongly associated with the level of cognition performance in nondemented women over 50 years of age.
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220
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Makkar H, Reynolds MA, Wadhawan A, Dagdag A, Merchant AT, Postolache TT. Periodontal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease: Exploring the role of inflammation and mental health. Pteridines 2018; 29:124-163. [PMID: 30705520 PMCID: PMC6350811 DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence connects periodontal disease, a modifiable condition affecting a majority of Americans, with metabolic and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review focuses on the likely mediation of these associations by immune activation and their potential interactions with mental illness. Future longitudinal, and ideally interventional studies, should focus on reciprocal interactions and cascading effects, as well as points for effective preventative and therapeutic interventions across diagnostic domains to reduce morbidity, mortality and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO 80220, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,
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221
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Renna ME, O'Toole MS, Spaeth PE, Lekander M, Mennin DS. The association between anxiety, traumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorders and chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:1081-1094. [PMID: 30199144 DOI: 10.1002/da.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety is characterized by prolonged preparation for real or perceived threat. This may manifest both as psychological and physiological activation, ultimately leading to greater risk for poor health. Chronic inflammation may play an integral role in this relationship, given the influential role that it has in chronic illness. The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine levels of chronic inflammation, measured by inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein, in people with anxiety disorders, PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), or obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to healthy controls. Several moderating variables, including specific diagnosis and depression comorbidity, were also assessed. METHODS Seventy six full-text articles were screened for eligibility with 41 studies ultimately included in analysis. RESULTS Results demonstrated a significant overall difference between healthy controls (HCs) and people with anxiety disorders in pro-inflammatory cytokines (P = 0.013, Hedge's g = -0.39), which appears to be largely driven by interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P = 0.009, Hedge's g = -0.50), IL-6 (P < 0.001, Hedge's g = -0.93), and tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.030, Hedge's g = -0.56). Moderation analyses revealed a moderating effect of diagnosis (P = 0.050), as only individuals with PTSD demonstrated differences in inflammation between HCs (P = 0.004, Hedge's g = -0.68). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the association between inflammatory dysregulation and diagnoses associated with chronic, impactful, and severe anxiety and provides insight into the way that anxiety, and in particular PTSD, is related to certain inflammatory markers. In doing so, these findings may provide an initial step in disentangling the relationship between anxiety and basic health processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Renna
- Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Phillip E Spaeth
- Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mats Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas S Mennin
- Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Pandey GN, Rizavi HS, Zhang H, Bhaumik R, Ren X. Abnormal protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in the prefrontal cortex of depressed individuals who died by suicide. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:376-385. [PMID: 30371993 PMCID: PMC6203549 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and stress are major risk factors for suicidal behaviour, and some studies show abnormalities of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed and suicidal patients. However, it is not clear if similar abnormalities of cytokines are present in the brain of suicidal and depressed patients. METHODS We therefore determined the mRNA (using realtime polymerase chain reaction) and protein (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot) expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lymphotoxin A, lymphotoxin B, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) obtained from 24 depressed individuals who died by suicide and 24 nonpsychiatric controls. RESULTS We observed that the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and lymphotoxin A were significantly increased, and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were significantly decreased in the PFC of depressed individuals who died by suicide compared with controls. There were no significant differences in the protein and mRNA levels of IL-8 and IL-13 in the PFC. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study is that some of the suicide group had been taking antidepressant medication at the time of death. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that alterations of cytokines may be associated with the pathophysiology of depressed suicide and there may be an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in people who die by suicide. The causes of these increases in the brain of people who die by suicide, therefore, need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam N. Pandey
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Hooriyah S. Rizavi
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Runa Bhaumik
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
| | - Xinguo Ren
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA
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Fan C, Song Q, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Liu B, Yu SY. Curcumin Protects Against Chronic Stress-induced Dysregulation of Neuroplasticity and Depression-like Behaviors via Suppressing IL-1β Pathway in Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 392:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The extra-articular impacts of rheumatoid arthritis: moving towards holistic care. BMC Rheumatol 2018; 2:32. [PMID: 30886982 PMCID: PMC6390577 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-018-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although treat-to-target has revolutionised the outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) there is emerging evidence that attaining the target of remission is insufficient to normalise patients’ quality of life, and ameliorate the extra-articular impacts of RA. RA has a broad range of effects on patient’s lives, with four key “extra-articular” impacts being pain, depression and anxiety, fatigue and rheumatoid cachexia. All of these are seen frequently; for example, studies have reported that 1 in 4 patients with RA have high-levels of fatigue. Commonly used drug treatments (including simple analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-depressants) have, at most, only modest benefits and often cause adverse events. Psychological strategies and dynamic and aerobic exercise all reduce issues like pain and fatigue, although their effects are also only modest. The aetiologies of these extra-articular impacts are multifactorial, but share overlapping components. Consequently, patients are likely to benefit from management strategies that extend beyond the assessment and treatment of synovitis, and incorporate more broad-based, or “holistic”, assessments of the extra-articular impacts of RA and their management, including non-pharmacological approaches. Innovative digital technologies (including tablet and smartphone “apps” that directly interface with hospital systems) are increasingly available that can directly capture patient-reported outcomes during and between clinic visits, and include them within electronic patient records. These are likely to play an important future role in delivering such approaches.
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225
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Health, pre-disease and critical transition to disease in the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine network: Are there distinct states in the progression from health to major depressive disorder? Physiol Behav 2018; 198:108-119. [PMID: 30393143 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network is a regulatory network of interrelated physiological pathways that have been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). A model of disease progression for MDD is presented where the stable, healthy state of the PINE network (PINE physiome) undergoes progressive pathophysiological changes to an unstable but reversible pre-disease state (PINE pre-diseasome) with chronic stress. The PINE network may then undergo critical transition to a stable, possibly irreversible disease state of MDD (PINE pathome). Critical transition to disease is heralded by early warning signs which are detectible by biomarkers specific to the PINE network and may be used as a screening test for MDD. Critical transition to MDD may be different for each individual, as it is reliant on diathesis, which comprises genetic predisposition, intrauterine and developmental factors. Finally, we propose the PINE pre-disease state may form a "universal pre-disease state" for several non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and critical transition of the PINE network may lead to one of several frequently associated disease states (influenced by diathesis), supporting the existence of a common Chronic Illness Risk Network (CIRN). This may provide insight into both the puzzle of multifinality and the growing clinical challenge of multimorbidity.
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226
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Neuroimmunomodulation in Major Depressive Disorder: Focus on Caspase 1, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and Interferon-Gamma. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4288-4305. [PMID: 30306457 PMCID: PMC6505498 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, and its incidence is expected to increase. Despite tremendous efforts to understand its underlying biological mechanisms, MDD pathophysiology remains elusive and pharmacotherapy outcomes are still far from ideal. Low-grade chronic inflammation seems to play a key role in mediating the interface between psychological stress, depressive symptomatology, altered intestinal microbiology, and MDD onset. We review the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence of an involvement of pro-inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis, treatment, and remission of MDD. We focus on caspase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interferon gamma, three inflammatory systems dysregulated in MDD. Treatment strategies aiming at targeting such pathways alone or in combination with classical therapies could prove valuable in MDD. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of immune modulation in MDD and other psychiatric disorders with neuroinflammatory components.
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227
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Graham D, Wu QX, Gilligan I, Ismail R, Walker M. Improvement of late life depression after therapeutic enoxaparin: two case reports. Australas Psychiatry 2018; 26:534-536. [PMID: 30198320 DOI: 10.1177/1039856218797441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late life depression (LLD) may have a significant vascular component. While this organic basis remains controversial it would explain the refractory nature of LLD. Moreover, depression is a risk factor for venous thrombus embolism (VTE). This paper aims to describe two elderly patients with LLD who developed and were treated for pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS Two cases of elderly patients who developed PE while they were undergoing inpatient treatment for depression are presented. This is discussed using the vascular and the cytokine hypotheses of depression as an explanatory framework. RESULTS Both patients showed significant clinical improvement in their mental state following therapeutic enoxaparin despite no other changes to their management of depression. This observed benefit of enoxaparin can be explained by the vascular hypothesis of LLD, and possibly the cytokine hypothesis of major depression. CONCLUSION Enoxaparin may be a novel adjunct to the treatment of depression in elderly patients. The possible benefit of enoxaparin would require further study to exclude a coincidence in these clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Graham
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Kids Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, and; Concord Centre for Mental Health, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Xuan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian Gilligan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, and; Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Raiz Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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228
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Herman FJ, Pasinetti GM. Principles of inflammasome priming and inhibition: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:66-84. [PMID: 29902514 PMCID: PMC6526722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of inflammatory proteins by the innate immune system is a tightly orchestrated procedure that allows the body to efficiently respond to exogenous and endogenous threats. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that disturbances in the inflammatory response system not only provoke autoimmune disorders, but also can have deleterious effects on neuronal function and mental health. As inflammation in the brain is primarily mediated by microglia, there has been an expanding focus on the mechanisms through which these cells initiate and propagate neuroinflammation. Microglia can enter persistently active states upon their initial recognition of an environmental stressor and are thereafter prone to elicit amplified and persistent inflammatory responses following subsequent exposures to stressors. A recent focus on why primed microglia cells are susceptible to environmental insults has been the NLRP3 inflammasome. Its function within the innate immune system is regulated in such a manner that supports a role for the complex in gating neuroinflammatory responses. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia results in the cleavage of zymogen inflammatory interleukins into functional forms that elicit a number of consequential effects in the local neuronal environment. There is evidence to support the principle that within primed neuroimmune systems a lowered threshold for NLRP3 activation can cause persistent neuroinflammation or the amplified production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18. Over the course of an individual's lifetime, persistent neuroinflammation can subsequently lead to the pathophysiological signatures that define psychological disorders. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome complex may represent an innovative and consequential approach to limit neuroinflammatory states in psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J. Herman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA,Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
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229
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Interleukin 17 and Treg - a common pathomechanism and a new target of therapy in rheumatic diseases and depression. Reumatologia 2018; 56:201-202. [PMID: 30237623 PMCID: PMC6142021 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2018.77969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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230
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Gu M, Li Y, Tang H, Zhang C, Li W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Song C. Endogenous Omega (n)-3 Fatty Acids in Fat-1 Mice Attenuated Depression-Like Behavior, Imbalance between Microglial M1 and M2 Phenotypes, and Dysfunction of Neurotrophins Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Administration. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101351. [PMID: 30248907 PMCID: PMC6213921 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to improve depression. However, PUFA purities, caloric content, and ratios in different diets may affect the results. By using Fat-1 mice which convert n-6 to n-3 PUFAs in the brain, this study further evaluated anti-depressant mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model. Adult male Fat-1 and wild-type (WT) mice were fed soybean oil diet for 8 weeks. Depression-like behaviors were measured 24 h after saline or LPS central administration. In WT littermates, LPS reduced sucrose intake, but increased immobility in forced-swimming and tail suspension tests. Microglial M1 phenotype CD11b expression and concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-17 were elevated, while M2 phenotype-related IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were decreased. LPS also reduced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (Trk B), while increasing glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and pro-BDNF, p75, NO, and iNOS levels. In Fat-1 mice, LPS-induced behavioral changes were attenuated, which were associated with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and reversed changes in p75, NO, iNOS, and BDNF. Gas chromatography assay confirmed increased n-3 PUFA levels and n-3/n-6 ratios in the brains of Fat-1 mice. In conclusion, endogenous n-3 PUFAs may improve LPS-induced depression-like behavior through balancing M1 and M2-phenotypes and normalizing BDNF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Gu
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yuyu Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Haiting Tang
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Cai Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drug, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
- Guangdong Key laboratory of Laboratory Animal, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Yajuan Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drug and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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231
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Depression and adult neurogenesis: Positive effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine and of physical exercise. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:181-193. [PMID: 30236533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Of wide interest for health is the relation existing between depression, a very common psychological illness, accompanied by anxiety and reduced ability to concentrate, and adult neurogenesis. We will focus on two neurogenic stimuli, fluoxetine and physical exercise, both endowed with the ability to activate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, known to be required for learning and memory, and both able to counteract depression. Fluoxetine belongs to the class of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants, which represent the most used pharmacological therapy; physical exercise has also been shown to effectively counteract depression symptoms in rodents as well as in humans. While there is evidence that the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine requires its pro-neurogenic action, exerted by promoting proliferation, differentiation and survival of progenitor cells of the hippocampus, on the other hand fluoxetine exerts also neurogenesis-independent antidepressant effects by influencing the plasticity of the new neurons generated. Similarly, the antidepressant action of running also correlates with an increase of hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, although the gene pathways involved are only partially coincident with those of fluoxetine, such as those involved in serotonin metabolism and synapse formation. We further discuss how extra-neurogenic actions are also suggested by the fact that, unlike running, fluoxetine is unable to stimulate neurogenesis during aging, but still displays antidepressant effects. Moreover, in specific conditions, fluoxetine or running activate not only progenitor but also stem cells, which normally are not stimulated; this fact reveals how stem cells have a long-term, hidden ability to self-renew and, more generally, that neurogenesis is subject to complex controls that may play a role in depression, such as the type of neurogenic stimulus or the state of the local niche. Finally, we discuss how fluoxetine or running are effective in counteracting depression originated from stress or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Kotulla S, Elsenbruch S, Roderigo T, Brinkhoff A, Wegner A, Engler H, Schedlowski M, Benson S. Does Human Experimental Endotoxemia Impact Negative Cognitions Related to the Self? Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:183. [PMID: 30186124 PMCID: PMC6113574 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A role of inflammatory processes in the pathophysiology of depression is increasingly recognized. Experimental endotoxemia offers an established model to induce transient systemic inflammation in healthy humans, and has been proposed as an experimental paradigm of depression. Indeed, different symptoms of depression can be observed during experimental endotoxemia, including negative mood or dysthymia as key symptoms of depression. Hopelessness and low self-esteem constitute common cognitive symptoms in depression, but have not been specifically assessed during endotoxemia. Thus, we pooled data from healthy volunteers who received low-dose endotoxin (i.e., 0.4 or 0.8 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or placebo in three randomized, controlled studies to investigate the effects of LPS on cognitive schemata related to depression. Validated questionnaires were used to assess self-esteem, hopelessness and the vulnerability factor intolerance of uncertainty after intravenous injection of LPS or placebo. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were repeatedly assessed, along with self-reported mood. Because not all questionnaires were available from primary studies, data were analyzed in two separate data sets: In data set 1, self-esteem and intolerance of uncertainty were assessed in N = 87 healthy volunteers, who randomly received either 0.4 or 0.8 ng/kg LPS or placebo. In data set 2, hopelessness was measured in N = 59 volunteers who randomly received either LPS (0.8 ng/kg) or placebo. In both data sets, LPS-application led to significant increases in TNF-α and IL-6, reflecting systemic inflammation. Positive mood was significantly decreased in response to LPS, in line with inflammation-induced mood impairment. General self-esteem, intolerance of uncertainty and hopelessness did not differ between LPS- and placebo groups, suggesting that these negative cognitive schemata are not responsive to acute LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Interestingly, LPS-treated volunteers reported significantly lower body-related self-esteem, which was associated with increased TNF-α concentration. Thus, certain aspects of self-esteem related to physical attractiveness and sportiness were reduced. It is conceivable that this effect is primarily related to physical sickness symptoms and reduced physical ability during experimental endotoxemia. With respect to cognitive symptoms of depression, it is conceivable that LPS affects cognitive processes, but not negative cognitive schemata, which are rather based on learning and repeated experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kotulla
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Elsenbruch
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Till Roderigo
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brinkhoff
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wegner
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Engler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Benson
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Yang C, Tiemessen KM, Bosker FJ, Wardenaar KJ, Lie J, Schoevers RA. Interleukin, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein profiles in melancholic and non-melancholic depression: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2018; 111:58-68. [PMID: 29935756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) do not allow prediction of prognosis and therapeutic response. A possible strategy to improve this situation is the identification of depression subtypes on the bases of biomarkers reflecting underlying pathological processes such as neuro-inflammation. METHODS The PubMed/Medline database was searched until Apr 25th, 2017. In the initial search 1018 articles were retrieved, which were subsequently screened and only selected when the inclusion and exclusion criteria were fulfilled. RESULTS Eight eligible studies were found. Overall, serum interleukin-6 and 1β values were increased in the melancholic MDD subtype compared to controls and the non-melancholic MDD subtype. C-reactive protein was increased in non-melancholic MDD in 2 out of 4 studies, while there was no difference for tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-2 and 10. CONCLUSION Given the paucity of eligible studies the tentative conclusion must be drawn that peripheral inflammation markers have limited added value thus far to distinguish between melancholic and non-melancholic depression. To allow for a more definitive conclusion, further research is warranted using a broader panel of inflammatory markers in MDD subtypes, preferably based on a general consensus regarding diagnostic criteria and subtype definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Yang
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China; University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Research School Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Tiemessen
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fokko J Bosker
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Research School Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Klaas J Wardenaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Lie
- Tianjin Mental Health Institute, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Research School Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Groningen, The Netherlands
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234
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Petrowski K, Wichmann S, Kirschbaum C. Stress-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in panic disorder patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 94:31-37. [PMID: 29754003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An attenuated responsivity of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal (HPA) axis upon challenge and an increased risk for cardiac events are relatively consistent findings in panic disorder (PD) patients. Due to cytokine-HPA interactions, an altered HPA-axis responsivity may be accompanied by altered cytokine concentrations. Immunological reactions under stress might be considered the missing link for explaining an increased cardiac risk. This study analyzed stress-induced cytokine levels in PD patients. METHODS A total of n = 32 PD patients and n = 32 healthy control individuals performed the Trier Social Test (TSST). Blood sample collection accompanied the TSST for the collection of cortisol and pro- (IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Established self-report questionnaires were handed out for the clinical characterization and the assessment of subjective levels of distress during testing. Repeated measures ANCOVA were conducted to evaluate main effects of time or group and time x group interaction effects. Additional ANCOVAS with disease severity as between-subjects factor (healthy, borderline, mild, moderate, severe) took global panic severity into account. Pearson correlation analyses were carried out to test for an association of panic specific symptoms and peak cytokine release. RESULTS The TSST resulted in a significantly increased secretion of cortisol, IL-6 and IL-10. The data analysis further revealed a significant time x group interaction effect for cortisol and IL-10. Compared to the healthy volunteers, the PD patients showed significantly higher baseline and challenged IL-10 concentrations but lower challenged cortisol concentrations. Mildly and moderately affected patients showed the highest levels of IL-10 compared to the healthy individuals. There were no differential secretion patterns of IL-6 and TNF-α between both groups in the course of the TSST. The peak IL-6 release was found to be significantly associated with global disease severity. CONCLUSION We found evidence for altered levels of cytokines with primarily anti-inflammatory properties in PD patients under baseline and a psychosocial stress condition. The results provide tentative evidence for a low-grade inflammatory process in PD patients, possibly representing a missing link factor between PD diagnosis and the increased risk for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Petrowski
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susann Wichmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Biological Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and even though many forms of therapy exist, about one third of patients treated with conventional antidepressants do not experience a response. For these reasons, new approaches to treat depression, including fish oil, are being investigated. Fish oil is known to have many beneficial side effects, and clinical trials demonstrate that supplementation with fish oil is beneficial in the management of depression. Fish oil contains omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and there are several mechanisms by which PUFAs are thought to induce an antidepressant effect, including anti-inflammatory action and direct effects on membrane properties. This review will analyze and evaluate the clinical trials surrounding fish oil use in the treatment of depression, and will also review the likely sites of action of PUFAs at the cell membrane with special attention being placed on lipid rafts and G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor D Burhani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Xu F, Roberts L, Binns C, Sullivan E, Homer CSE. Anaemia and depression before and after birth: a cohort study based on linked population data. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:224. [PMID: 30005598 PMCID: PMC6044006 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the rates of hospitalisation for anaemia and depression in women in the six-year period (3 years before and after birth). To compare hospital admissions for depression in women with and without anaemia. METHODS This is a population-based cohort study. Women's birth records (New South Wales (NSW) Perinatal Data Collection) were linked with NSW Admitted Patients Data Collection records between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2010, so that hospital admissions for mothers could be traced back for 3 years before birth and followed up 3 years after birth. SETTING NSW Australia. SUBJECTS all women who gave birth to their first child in NSW between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2008. RESULTS Hospital admissions for both anaemia and depression were increased significantly in the year just before and after birth compared with the years before and after. Women with anaemia were more likely to be admitted to hospital for depression than those without (for principal diagnosis of depression, adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.25-2.11; for all diagnosis of depression, adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.70-2.38). CONCLUSIONS Depression was associated with anaemia in women before and after birth. This finding highlight the important role of primary care providers in assessing for both anaemia and depressive symptomatology together, given the relationship between the two. Treating or preventing anaemia may help to prevent postnatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Xu
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia.
| | - Lynette Roberts
- 0000 0004 1936 7611grid.117476.2Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 Australia
| | - Colin Binns
- 0000 0004 0375 4078grid.1032.0School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sullivan
- 0000 0004 1936 7611grid.117476.2Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 Australia
| | - Caroline S. E. Homer
- 0000 0004 1936 7611grid.117476.2Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 Australia
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Valitabar Z, Ashraf-Ganjouei A, Mojtahed Zadeh M, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Aarabi MH. Cerebrospinal Fluid C-Reactive Protein in Parkinson’s Disease: Associations with Motor and Non-motor Symptoms. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:376-385. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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238
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Antidepressant Effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance Extract in a Mouse Model of Chronic Stress-Induced Depression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8249563. [PMID: 30065945 PMCID: PMC6051329 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8249563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to stress can affect mood and cognition and lead to mood disorders. Research on stress-associated mood disorders is important in modern society as people are increasingly exposed to unavoidable stressors. We used a mouse model with 2 weeks of exposure to electric foot shock and restraint, to determine the effect of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance (FX) extract on chronic stress-induced depression. We measured the effect of FX extract using various physiological, behavioral, and biochemical measures. FX extract ameliorated chronic stress-induced body and relative liver weight loss and improved depressive-like behaviors in the open field and forced swim tests. In addition, plasma cortisol and serotonin levels in stress-induced mice following FX treatment were similar to normal mice, and the elevation of proinflammatory cytokines was prevented. Moreover, FX treatment increased the expression of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate response element-binding protein (pCREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Further experiments confirmed the efficacy of FX extract by showing similar results using esculin and esculetin, compounds extracted from FX. Taken together, these results indicate that FX extract has an antidepressant effect on chronic stress-induced depression by associating signaling with neuroinflammation and neurogenesis.
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Price JB, Bronars C, Erhardt S, Cullen KR, Schwieler L, Berk M, Walder K, McGee SL, Frye MA, Tye SJ. Bioenergetics and synaptic plasticity as potential targets for individualizing treatment for depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Biomarkers, Genetics and the Immune System: A Mechanistic Approach of Depression and Psoriasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 47:177-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Horenstein A, Potter CM, Heimberg RG. How does anxiety sensitivity increase risk of chronic medical conditions? CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Horenstein
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple; Department of Psychology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Carrie M. Potter
- Department of Psychiatry of Cambridge Health Alliance; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Richard G. Heimberg
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple; Department of Psychology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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Antidepressant-Like Effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan in a Mouse Model of Reserpine-Induced Depression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5845491. [PMID: 30046601 PMCID: PMC6038693 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5845491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with the antihypertensive agent reserpine depletes monoamine levels, resulting in depression. In the present study, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH), a traditional Korean medicine, in a mouse model of reserpine-induced depression. Mice were treated with reserpine (0.5 mg·kg−1, i.p.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, i.p., normal) once daily for 10 days. GBH (50, 100, 300, and 500 mg·kg−1), PBS (normal, control), fluoxetine (FXT, 20 mg·kg−1), or amitriptyline (AMT, 30 mg·kg−1) was administered orally 1 h prior to reserpine treatment. Mouse behavior was examined in the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open-field test (OFT) following completion of the treatment protocol. Administration of GBH reduced immobility time in the FST and TST and significantly increased the total distance traveled in the OFT. Plasma serotonin levels were significantly lower in control mice than in normal mice, although these decreases were significantly attenuated to a similar extent by treatment with GBH, FXT, or AMT. Reserpine-induced increases in plasma corticosterone were also attenuated by GBH treatment. Moreover, GBH attenuated reserpine-induced increases in interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α mRNA expression in the hippocampus. In addition, GBH mice exhibited increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a higher ratio of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) to CREB (p-CREB/CREB) in the hippocampus. Our results indicated that GBH can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, affect the concentration of mood-related hormones, and help to regulate immune/endocrine dysfunction in mice with reserpine-induced depression, likely via activation of the BDNF-CREB pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that GBH may be effective in treating patients with depression.
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243
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Capossela S, Pavlicek D, Bertolo A, Landmann G, Stoyanov JV. Unexpectedly decreased plasma cytokines in patients with chronic back pain. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1191-1198. [PMID: 29950891 PMCID: PMC6016579 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s153872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic back pain is one of the most important socioeconomic problems that affects the global population. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, have been correlated with pain, but their role in chronic back pain remains unclear. The effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs seems to be limited for chronic back pain. The authors wanted to investigate the levels of inflammatory mediators in long-term medically treated patients with persistent chronic back pain. Methods Cytokine plasma levels of patients with chronic back pain (n=23), compared to pain-free healthy controls (n=30), were investigated by immunoassay. Patients with chronic back pain were exposed to long-term conservative medical therapy with physiotherapy and anti-inflammatories, also combined with antidepressants and/or muscle-relaxants. Results The patients with chronic back pain expressed lower levels of the chemokines MCP1, CCL5, and CXCL6 compared to pain-free healthy controls. Significantly lower concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor were also found. Interestingly, levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha showed no significant differences between both groups. Conclusion This decrease of inflammatory mediators in medically treated patients with chronic back pain is of unclear origin and might be either a long-term side effect of medical therapy or related to chronic pain. Further longitudinal research is necessary to elucidate the underlying cause of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gunther Landmann
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
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244
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Pilger A, Haslacher H, Meyer BM, Lackner A, Nassan-Agha S, Nistler S, Stangelmaier C, Endler G, Mikulits A, Priemer I, Ratzinger F, Ponocny-Seliger E, Wohlschläger-Krenn E, Teufelhart M, Täuber H, Scherzer TM, Perkmann T, Jordakieva G, Pezawas L, Winker R. Midday and nadir salivary cortisol appear superior to cortisol awakening response in burnout assessment and monitoring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9151. [PMID: 29904183 PMCID: PMC6002544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burnout and work-related stress symptoms of anxiety disorder and depression cause prolonged work absenteeism and early retirement. Hence, reliable identification of patients under risk and monitoring of treatment success is highly warranted. We aimed to evaluate stress-specific biomarkers in a population-based, “real-world” cohort (burnouts: n = 40, healthy controls: n = 26), recruited at a preventive care ward, at baseline and after a four-month follow up, during which patients received medical and psychological treatment. At baseline, significantly higher levels of salivary cortisol were observed in the burnout group compared to the control group. This was even more pronounced in midday- (p < 0.001) and nadir samples (p < 0.001) than for total morning cortisol secretion (p < 0.01). The treatment program resulted in a significant reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression scores (all p < 0.001), with 60% of patients showing a clinically relevant improvement. This was accompanied by a ~30% drop in midday cortisol levels (p < 0.001), as well as a ~25% decrease in cortisol nadir (p < 0.05), although not directly correlating with score declines. Our data emphasize the potential usefulness of midday and nadir salivary cortisol as markers in the assessment and biomonitoring of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pilger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmuth Haslacher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Sonja Nistler
- Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Georg Endler
- Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria.,Gruppenpraxis Labors.at, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Mikulits
- Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Priemer
- Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Ratzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Winker
- Health and Prevention Center, Sanatorium Hera, Vienna, Austria.
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245
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Early Maternal Deprivation Induces Microglial Activation, Alters Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Immunoreactivity and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase during the Development of Offspring Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1096-1108. [PMID: 29873040 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal deprivation (MD) induces behavioral changes and impacts brain circuits that could be associated with the pathophysiology of depression. This study investigated the markers of microglia and astrocyte activation as well as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in developmental programming after early life MD (on postnatal days (PNDs) 20, 30, 40, and 60). On PND 60, the rats that were subjected to MD displayed depressive-like behavior. On PND 10, it was found that there was a decrease in the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunopositive cells, a decrease in the level of IDO expression, and an increase in the level of Iba-1 (microglial marker) in the hippocampus of rats that were subjected to MD. On PND 20, levels of GFAP were also found to have decreased in the hippocampus, and there was an increase in the level of Iba-1 in the hippocampus. AIF-1 (microglial marker) expression was observed in the PFC following MD. On PND 30, the levels of Iba-1 remained elevated. On PND 40, the levels of GFAP were found to have increased in the hippocampus of rats that were subjected to MD. On PND 60, the levels of GFAP and AIF-1 remained elevated following MD. These results suggest that early life stress induces negative developmental programming in rats, as demonstrated by depressive-like behavior in adult life. Moreover, MD increases microglial activation in both early and late developmental phases. The levels of GFAP and IDO decreased in the early stages but were found to be higher in later developmental periods. These findings suggest that MD could differentially affect the expression of the IDO enzyme, astrocytes, and microglial activation depending on the neurodevelopmental period. The onset of an inflammatory state from resident brain cells could be associated with the activation of the kynurenine pathway and the development of depressive behavior in adulthood.
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246
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Rudzki L, Szulc A. "Immune Gate" of Psychopathology-The Role of Gut Derived Immune Activation in Major Psychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:205. [PMID: 29896124 PMCID: PMC5987016 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and brain functions has recently become a topic of growing interest in psychiatric research. These multidirectional interactions take place in the so-called gut-brain axis or more precisely, the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The GI tract is the largest immune organ in the human body and is also the largest surface of contact with the external environment. Its functions and permeability are highly influenced by psychological stress, which are often a precipitating factor in the first episode, reoccurrence and/or deterioration of symptoms of psychiatric disorders. In recent literature there is growing evidence that increased intestinal permeability with subsequent immune activation has a major role in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders. Numerous parameters measured in this context seem to be aftermaths of those mechanisms, yet at the same time they may be contributing factors for immune mediated psychopathology. For example, immune activation related to gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or various food antigens and exorphins were reported in major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, alcoholism and autism. In this review the authors will summarize the evidence and roles of such parameters and their assessment in major psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Rudzki
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
- Three Towns Resource Centre, Saltcoats, United Kingdom
| | - Agata Szulc
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
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247
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Liang S, Wu X, Hu X, Wang T, Jin F. Recognizing Depression from the Microbiota⁻Gut⁻Brain Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061592. [PMID: 29843470 PMCID: PMC6032096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. The brain⁻gut axis functions are disturbed, revealed by a dysfunction of the brain, immune system, endocrine system, and gut. Traditional depression treatments all target the brain, with different drugs and/or psychotherapy. Unfortunately, most of the patients have never received any treatment. Studies indicate that gut microbiota could be a direct cause for the disorder. Abnormal microbiota and the microbiota⁻gut⁻brain dysfunction may cause mental disorders, while correcting these disturbance could alleviate depression. Nowadays, the gut microbiota modulation has become a hot topic in treatment research of mental disorders. Depression is closely related with the health condition of the brain⁻gut axis, and maintaining/restoring the normal condition of gut microbiota helps in the prevention/therapy of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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248
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Nguyen TTL, Chan LC, Borreginne K, Kale RP, Hu C, Tye SJ. A review of brain insulin signaling in mood disorders: From biomarker to clinical target. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:7-15. [PMID: 29758232 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mood disorders are at increased risk for metabolic dysfunction. Co-occurrence of the two conditions is typically associated with a more severe disease course and poorer treatment outcomes. The specific pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this bidirectional relationship between mood and metabolic dysfunction remains poorly understood. However, it is likely that impairment of metabolic processes within the brain play a critical role. The insulin signaling pathway mediates metabolic homeostasis and is important in the regulation of neurotrophic and synaptic plasticity processes, including those involved in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. Thus, insulin signaling in the brain may serve to link metabolic function and mood. Central insulin signaling is mediated through locally secreted insulin and widespread insulin receptor expression. Here we review the preclinical and clinical data addressing the relationships between central insulin signaling, cellular metabolism, neurotrophic processes, and mood regulation, including key points of mechanistic overlap. These relationships have important implications for developing biomarker-based diagnostics and precision medicine approaches to treat severe mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Thanh L Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Biology and Psychology, Green Mountain College, 1 Brennan Cir, Poultney, VT, 05764, United States
| | - Lily C Chan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Kristin Borreginne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Rajas P Kale
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 3 Morrill Hall, 100 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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249
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Flentje A, Kober KM, Carrico AW, Neilands TB, Flowers E, Heck NC, Aouizerat BE. Minority stress and leukocyte gene expression in sexual minority men living with treated HIV infection. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 70:335-345. [PMID: 29548994 PMCID: PMC5953835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) individuals experience poorer mental and physical health, accounted for in part by the additional burden of sexual minority stress occurring from being situated in a culture favoring heteronormativity. Informed by previous research, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between sexual minority stress and leukocyte gene expression related to inflammation, cancer, immune function, and cardiovascular function. Sexual minority men living with HIV who were on anti-retroviral medication, had viral load < 200 copies/mL, and had biologically confirmed, recent methamphetamine use completed minority stress measures and submitted blood samples for RNA sequencing on leukocytes. Differential gene expression and pathway analyses were conducted comparing those with clinically elevated minority stress (n = 18) and those who did not meet the clinical cutoff (n = 20), covarying reactive urine toxicology results for very recent stimulant use. In total, 90 differentially expressed genes and 138 gene set pathways evidencing 2-directional perturbation were observed at false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.10. Of these, 41 of the differentially expressed genes and 35 of the 2-directionally perturbed pathways were identified as functionally related to hypothesized mechanisms of inflammation, cancer, immune function, and cardiovascular function. The neuroactive-ligand receptor pathway (implicated in cancer development) was identified using signaling pathway impact analysis. Our results suggest several potential biological pathways for future work investigating the relationship between sexual minority stress and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesa Flentje
- Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Kord M Kober
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Torsten B Neilands
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nicholas C Heck
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, United States
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, College of Dentistry, New York University, United States
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250
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Lee YS, Jang BH, Ko SG, Chae Y. Comorbid risks of psychological disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disorder using the national health insurance service-National Sample Cohort: A STROBE-compliant article. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0153. [PMID: 29718833 PMCID: PMC6393012 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the comorbidity risks between psychological disorders, such as depression, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) using nationally representative data from a National Sample Cohort of the National Health Insurance Service in Korea.The National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC) database from 2010 to 2012 was used in this study. GERD patients were defined as those diagnosed with specific tests, with screened medication, and without any other gastrointestinal diseases. Propensity score matching for age, sex, and economic status was applied to form a control cohort. Incidence rate, relative risks, Cox proportional-hazards modeling, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were applied to examine the differences between the GERD and control cohorts with regard to the risk of subsequent psychological disorders.The results showed that patients in the GERD cohort (n = 9503) had significantly higher risks of psychological disorders than those without GERD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.47, P = .006). Specifically, the risk of depressive disorder was significantly higher for patients in the GERD cohort than in the control cohort (adjusted HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.91, P = .027). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the estimated probability of psychological disorders was significantly higher in the GERD cohort compared with the control cohort (log-rank test, P = .007).This study suggested that GERD may be a risk factor for subsequent psychological disorders, specifically, depressive disorder. The results of this study in GERD patients compared with non-GERD patients in Korea suggested that psychological disorders and GERD may be inter-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Lee
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine
| | - Bo-Hyoung Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine
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