201
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Balasch JC, Vargas R, Brandts I, Tvarijonaviciute A, Reyes-López F, Tort L, Teles M. Divergent personalities influence the myogenic regulatory genes myostatin, myogenin and ghr2 transcript responses to Vibrio anguillarum vaccination in fish fingerlings (Sparus aurata). Physiol Behav 2019; 212:112697. [PMID: 31622611 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myogenic regulators of muscle development, metabolism and growth differ between fish species in a context-specific manner. Commonly, the analysis of environmental influences on the expression of muscle-related gene regulators in teleosts is based on differences in swimming performance, feeding behaviour and stress-resistance, but the evaluation of behavioural phenotyping of immune and stress-related responsiveness in skeletal muscle is still scarce. Here we challenge proactive and reactive fingerlings of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), one of the most commonly cultured species in the Mediterranean area, with highly pathogenic O1, O2α and O2β serotypes of Vibrio anguillarum, a widespread opportunistic pathogen of marine animals, to analyse skeletal muscle responses to bath vaccination. Transcripts related to inflammation (interleukin 1β, il1β; tumour necrosis factor-α, tnfα; and immunoglobulin M, igm), and muscle metabolism and growth (lipoprotein, lpl; myostatin, mstn-1; myogenin; and growth hormone receptors type I and II, ghr1 and ghr2, respectively) were analysed. Biochemical indicators of muscle metabolism and function (creatine kinase, CK, aspartate aminotransferase, AST; esterase activity, EA; total antioxidant status, TAC and glucose) were also determined. Our results indicate that proactive, but not reactive, fish respond to Vibrio vaccination by increasing the expression levels of mstn-1, myogenin and ghr2 transcripts at short-/medium- term (1 to 3 days' post vaccination). No effect of vaccination was observed in immune indicators or biochemical parameters in either phenotypes, except for elevated levels of EA in reactive fish one-week post vaccination. This suggests that behavioural divergence should be taken into account to evaluate the crosstalk between immune, metabolic and growth processes in muscle of immune-challenged fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Vargas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI) SENACYT, Universidad de Panamá, Chiriquí, Panamá
| | - I Brandts
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis INTERLAB-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - F Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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202
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Morandini L, Ramallo MR, Scaia MF, Höcht C, Somoza GM, Pandolfi M. Dietary L-tryptophan modulates agonistic behavior and brain serotonin in male dyadic contests of a cichlid fish. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:867-880. [PMID: 31691094 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies have investigated the effects of dietary L-tryptophan on agonistic behavior, research on adult fish specimens is still lacking. Moreover, submissive behaviors have been generally overlooked. We focused on agonistic behavior between males of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus, in dyadic encounters held in a novel context after being fed or not with an L-tryptophan enriched diet (TRP) for 2 weeks. We arranged three different dyads: control/control (control conditions: not TRP enriched), control/TRP, and TRP/TRP. We also registered the response of the brain serotonergic system in four brain regions. TRP/TRP dyads showed higher latencies to first attack, lower overall aggression, and lower proportions of bites and passive copings (submissive display) compared to control/control. TRP dominant males performed fewer bites with respect to controls, and subordinate males opposed to TRP males showed fewer passive copings. Higher serotonergic activities were found in subordinates' optic tectum and in the telencephalon and preoptic area/hypothalamus of TRP males. Altogether, results point out that dietary L-tryptophan reduced males' motivation to attack and dominant aggression, which consequently influenced subordinate agonistic repertory. In addition, males within TRP/TRP dyads showed a switch in their behavioral agonistic repertory. These behavioral outcomes were probably due to modifications at brain serotonergic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morandini
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Lab. 26, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M R Ramallo
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Lab. 26, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M F Scaia
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Lab. 26, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Höcht
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G M Somoza
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Av. Intendente Marino Km 8.2 (B 7130IWA), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pandolfi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, DBBE, FCEN, UBA e IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Piso 4°, Lab. 26, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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203
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Carbillet J, Rey B, Lavabre T, Chaval Y, Merlet J, Débias F, Régis C, Pardonnet S, Duhayer J, Gaillard JM, Hewison AJM, Lemaître JF, Pellerin M, Rannou B, Verheyden H, Gilot-Fromont E. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio indexes individual variation in the behavioural stress response of wild roe deer across fluctuating environmental conditions. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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204
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Lavergne S, Smith K, Kenney A, Krebs C, Palme R, Boonstra R. Physiology and behaviour of juvenile snowshoe hares at the start of the 10-year cycle. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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205
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Barbosa HM, Nogueira-Filho SLG, de Morais RN, da Cunha Nogueira SS. Non-invasive stress monitoring and temperament of chestnut-bellied seed-finch (Passeriformes, Thraupidae). Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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206
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Gibelli J, Aubin-Horth N, Dubois F. Individual differences in anxiety are related to differences in learning performance and cognitive style. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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207
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Mazza V, Dammhahn M, Eccard JA, Palme R, Zaccaroni M, Jacob J. Coping with style: individual differences in responses to environmental variation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2760-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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208
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Lipowska MM, Sadowska ET, Bauchinger U, Koteja P. Stress coping and evolution of aerobic exercise performance: corticosterone levels in voles from a selection experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.209593. [PMID: 31548286 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The locomotor performance achieved in a challenging situation depends not only on physiological limitations, such as the aerobic exercise capacity, but also on behavioral characteristics, such as adequate coping with stress. The stress response is mediated largely by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, through modulated release of glucocorticoids. We used a unique experimental evolution model system to test the hypothesis that the evolution of an increased aerobic exercise performance can be facilitated by modification of the glucocorticoid-related stress-coping mechanisms. Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from 'aerobic' (A) lines, selected for 22 generations for high maximum swim-induced rate of oxygen consumption (V̇ O2,swim), achieved a 64% higher V̇ O2,swim than those from unselected, control lines. The temporal pattern of exercise during the swimming trial also evolved, and the A-line voles achieved V̇ O2,swim later in the course of the trial, which indicates a modification of the stress response characteristics. Both V̇ O2,swim and the average metabolic rate measured during the trial tended to increase with baseline corticosterone level, and decreased with the post-exercise corticosterone level. Thus, increased baseline corticosterone level promotes high metabolic performance, but a high corticosterone response to swimming acts as an inhibitor rather than stimulator of intense activity. However, neither of the corticosterone traits differed between the A-selected and control lines. Thus, the experiment did not provide evidence that evolution of increased aerobic performance is facilitated by the modification of glucocorticoid levels. The results, however, do not exclude the possibility that other aspects of the HPA axis function evolved in response to the selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta T Sadowska
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ulf Bauchinger
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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209
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Abbey-Lee RN, Kreshchenko A, Fernandez Sala X, Petkova I, Løvlie H. Effects of monoamine manipulations on the personality and gene expression of three-spined sticklebacks. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:222/20/jeb211888. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.211888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Among-individual behavioral differences (i.e. animal personality) are commonly observed across taxa, although the underlying, causal mechanisms of such differences are poorly understood. Animal personality has been correlated with physiological functions as well as fitness-related traits. Variation in many aspects of monoamine systems, such as metabolite levels and gene polymorphisms, has been linked to behavioral variation. Therefore, here we experimentally investigated the potential role of monoamines in explaining individual variation in personality, using two common pharmaceuticals that respectively alter the levels of serotonin and dopamine in the brain: fluoxetine and ropinirole. We exposed three-spined sticklebacks, a species that shows animal personality, to either chemical alone or to a combination of the two chemicals, for 18 days. During the experiment, fish were assayed at four time points for the following personality traits: exploration, boldness, aggression and sociability. To quantify brain gene expression on short- and longer-term scales, fish were sampled at two time points. Our results show that monoamine manipulations influence fish behavior. Specifically, fish exposed to either fluoxetine or ropinirole were significantly bolder, and fish exposed to the two chemicals together tended to be bolder than control fish. Our monoamine manipulations did not alter the gene expression of monoamine or stress-associated neurotransmitter genes, but control, untreated fish showed covariation between gene expression and behavior. Specifically, exploration and boldness were predicted by genes in the dopaminergic, serotonergic and stress pathways, and sociability was predicted by genes in the dopaminergic and stress pathways. These results add further support to the links between monoaminergic systems and personality, and show that exposure to monoamines can causally alter animal personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin N. Abbey-Lee
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Kreshchenko
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Fernandez Sala
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Irina Petkova
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanne Løvlie
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
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210
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Carrero JP, Kaigler KF, Hartshorn GH, Fadel JR, Wilson MA. Mu opioid receptor regulation of glutamate efflux in the central amygdala in response to predator odor. Neurobiol Stress 2019; 11:100197. [PMID: 31832510 PMCID: PMC6888766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala plays an important role in the responses to predator threat. Glutamatergic processes in amygdala regulate the behavioral responses to predator stress, and we have found that exposure to ferret odor activates glutamatergic neurons of the basolateral amygdala [BLA] which are known to project to the central amygdala [CeA]. Therefore, we tested if predator stress would increase glutamate release in the rat CeA using in vivo microdialysis, while monitoring behavioral responses during a 1 h exposure to ferret odor. Since injections of mu opioid receptor [MOR] agonists and antagonists into the CeA modulate behavioral responses to predator odor, we locally infused the MOR agonist DAMGO or the MOR antagonist CTAP into the CeA during predator stress to examine effects on glutamate efflux and behavior. We found that ferret odor exposure increased glutamate, but not GABA, efflux in the CeA, and this effect was attenuated by tetrodotoxin. Interestingly, increases in glutamate efflux elicited by ferret odor exposure were blocked by infusion of CTAP, but CTAP did not alter the behavioral responses during predator stress. DAMGO alone enhanced glutamate efflux, but did not modulate glutamate efflux during predator stress. These studies demonstrate that ferret odor exposure, like other stressors, enhances glutamate efflux in the CeA. Further, they suggest that activation of MOR in the CeA may help shape the defensive response to predator odor and other threats. Predator odor stress increased glutamate efflux in the central amygdala. Predator stress-induced increases in glutamate were blocked by a mu opioid receptor antagonist. Blocking glutamate efflux in the amygdala did not alter behavioral responses to predator odor. Infusion of a mu opioid receptor agonist also increased glutamate efflux in the central amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Parrilla Carrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Kris F Kaigler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - George H Hartshorn
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Jim R Fadel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
| | - Marlene A Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29209, USA
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211
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Rodriguez‐Barreto D, Rey O, Uren‐Webster TM, Castaldo G, Consuegra S, Garcia de Leaniz C. Transcriptomic response to aquaculture intensification in Nile tilapia. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1757-1771. [PMID: 31548855 PMCID: PMC6752142 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet future global demand for fish protein, more fish will need to be farmed using fewer resources, and this will require the selection of nonaggressive individuals that perform well at high densities. Yet, the genetic changes underlying loss of aggression and adaptation to crowding during aquaculture intensification are largely unknown. We examined the transcriptomic response to aggression and crowding in Nile tilapia, one of the oldest and most widespread farmed fish, whose social structure shifts from social hierarchies to shoaling with increasing density. A mirror test was used to quantify aggression and skin darkening (a proxy for stress) of fish reared at low and high densities, and gene expression in the hypothalamus was analysed among the most and least aggressive fish at each density. Fish reared at high density were darker, had larger brains, were less active and less aggressive than those reared at low density and had differentially expressed genes consistent with a reactive stress-coping style and activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. Differences in gene expression among aggressive fish were accounted for by density and the interaction between density and aggression levels, whereas for nonaggressive fish differences in gene expression were associated with individual variation in skin brightness and social stress. Thus, the response to crowding in Nile tilapia is context dependent and involves different neuroendocrine pathways, depending on social status. Knowledge of genes associated with the response to crowding may pave the way for more efficient fish domestication, based on the selection of nonaggressive individuals with increasing tolerance to chronic stress necessary for aquaculture intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Rey
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Université de Perpignan Via DomitiaPerpignanFrance
| | - Tamsyn M. Uren‐Webster
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Giovanni Castaldo
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sonia Consuegra
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Carlos Garcia de Leaniz
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
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212
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Kalinichenko LS, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Individual differences in inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms of stress-related mood disorders. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100783. [PMID: 31415777 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotional stress leads to the development of peripheral disorders and is recognized as a modifiable risk factor for psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety. However, not all individuals develop the negative consequences of emotional stress due to different stress coping strategies and resilience to stressful stimuli. In this review, we discuss individual differences in coping styles and the potential mechanisms that contribute to individual vulnerability to stress, such as parameters of the immune system and oxidative state. Initial differences in inflammatory and oxidative processes determine resistance to stress and stress-related disorders via the alteration of neurotransmitter content in the brain and biological fluids. Differences in coping styles may serve as possible predictors of resistance to stress and stress-related disorders, even before stressful conditions. The investigation of natural variabilities in stress resilience may allow the development of new methods for preventive medicine and the personalized treatment of stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - J Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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213
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Lensen RCMM, Moons CPH, Diederich C. Physiological stress reactivity and recovery related to behavioral traits in dogs (Canis familiaris). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222581. [PMID: 31527914 PMCID: PMC6748563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether stress responsiveness (in one context) can be used to predict dog behavior in daily life. On two occasions (NT1 = 32 puppies; NT2 = 16 young adults), dogs’ physiological stress response after a behavioral test at home was measured in terms of reactivity (10 min post-test) and recovery (40 min post-test) for three salivary markers: cortisol, chromogranin A (CgA) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). For each marker, it was determined whether dogs with a strong physiological response displayed different behavior in daily life compared to dogs with a weaker physiological response. The results revealed three main findings: first, for CgA and cortisol, different patterns were identified according to sample time. High reactivity related to desirable traits, whereas slow recovery after the behavioral test related to undesirable traits. The findings suggest that increased levels of CgA and cortisol 10 minutes after the behavioral test reflected an adaptive stress response, whereas elevated levels 40 minutes after the test reflected unsuccessful coping. Second, patterns for sIgA differed from CgA and cortisol: significant associations were only found with behavioral traits at T2, mostly considered desirable and related to Trainability. Possibly, the delayed reaction pattern of sIgA caused this difference between markers, as sIgA reflects the (secondary) immune response to stress, due to immunosuppressive effects of cortisol. Third, predictive capacity of puppies’ physiological stress response (T1) was inconclusive, and contrary relations were found with behavioral traits at T2, suggesting that developmental factors play an important role. This study provides new insights about the relation between stress physiology and behavioral traits, and methodological advice is given to study these patterns further. In conclusion, physiological markers could provide additional insights in dogs’ tendencies to display certain behaviors, especially at the young adult stage. Further studies are needed to confirm these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christel P. H. Moons
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Claire Diederich
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (IVRU), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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214
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Ahern TH, Ophir A, Burn D. Evaluating the stability of individual variation in social and nonsocial behavioural types using prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Behav Processes 2019; 169:103961. [PMID: 31520675 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) exhibit remarkable individual variation in social behaviour, suggesting differences in behavioural types. To date, however, there has been little assessment of whether these behavioural types are stable across test sessions, nor to what extent internal states and external contexts (domains) drive individual differences. Here we examined the individual consistency of social (huddling) and non-social (distance moved) behaviour across repeated, long-duration tests, in same-sex cagemate (SS-CM), same-sex stranger (SS-S), opposite-sex stranger (OS-S), and standard partner preference test (PPT) contexts. The SS-CM and SS-S tests were repeated multiple times (SS-CM 1-2; SS-S 1-5) to assess state-dependent variation. A second cohort was used to determine the replicability of findings. Overall, there was a general lack of stability in huddling behavior. It was inconsistent across repeated sessions of the same test type and between types of tests, suggesting a strong contribution of state-dependent variation. Non-social behaviour was more consistent and appeared more domain-dependent and less state-dependent than huddling. Translational and comparative studies of individual variation would likely benefit from testing across multiple contexts and employing repetitive testing paradigms to account for state-dependent variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd H Ahern
- Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mount Carmel Ave., BC-SCI, Hamden, CT, USA.
| | - Alexander Ophir
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - David Burn
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mount Carmel Ave., BC-SCI, Hamden, CT, USA
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215
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216
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Tkaczynski PJ, Ross C, Lehmann J, Mouna M, Majolo B, MacLarnon A. Repeatable glucocorticoid expression is associated with behavioural syndromes in males but not females in a wild primate. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190256. [PMID: 31598282 PMCID: PMC6774951 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Behavioural syndromes are a well-established phenomenon in human and non-human animal behavioural ecology. However, the mechanisms that lead to correlations among behaviours and individual consistency in their expression at the apparent expense of behavioural plasticity remain unclear. The 'state-dependent' hypothesis posits that inter-individual variation in behaviour arises from inter-individual variation in state and that the relative stability of these states within an individual leads to consistency of behaviour. The endocrine stress response, in part mediated by glucocorticoids (GCs), is a proposed behavioural syndrome-associated state as GC levels are linked to an individual's behavioural responses to stressors. In this study, in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), consistent inter-individual differences were observed in both sexes for GC activity (faecal glucocorticoid, fGC concentrations), but not GC variation (coefficient of variation in fGC concentrations). The expression of the behavioural syndrome 'Excitability' (characterized by the frequencies of brief affiliation or aggressive interactions) was related to GC activity in males but not in females; more 'excitable' males had lower GC activity. There was no relationship in females between any of the behavioural syndromes and GC activity, nor in either sex with GC variation. The negative relationship between GC activity and Excitability in males provides some support for GC expression as a behavioural syndrome-generating state under the state-dependent framework. The absence of this relationship in females highlights that state-behavioural syndrome associations may not be generalizable within a species and that broader sex differences in state need to be considered for understanding the emergence and maintenance of behavioural syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Tkaczynski
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - C. Ross
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - J. Lehmann
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - M. Mouna
- Mohammed V University, Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Morocco
| | - B. Majolo
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - A. MacLarnon
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary, Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, University of Roehampton, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, UK
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217
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Effects of different levels of environmental enrichment on the sheltering behaviors, brain development and cortisol levels of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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218
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Zhao X, Fuxjager MJ, McLamore Q, Marler CA. Rapid effects of testosterone on social decision-making in a monogamous California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Horm Behav 2019; 115:104544. [PMID: 31220461 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social animals must cope with challenges and opportunities by adjusting how they react to a salient stimulus. Here we use California mice (Peromyscus californicus) and investigate the mechanisms underlying social decision-making by studying (i) rapid effects of testosterone (T) pulses on a male's decisions to approach a novel male (challenge) versus a receptive female (opportunity), and (ii) whether social experience shapes how such effects are manifested. In Experiment 1, we found that sexually naïve males administered saline injections preferentially approached unfamiliar females over unfamiliar males, in contrast, 10 min after receiving a single T-injection, males expressed a preference for approaching unfamiliar males. Such an effect of T only occurred in sexually naïve males, but not pair-bonded males, suggesting that the rapid effects of T on approach behavior may rely on the pair-bonding experiences. Experiment 2 investigated social decision-making across three repeated exposures to the challenge/opportunity situations. Only the initial decision, approach to the challenge, predicted future aggressive behaviors, and such an effect relied on the rapid actions of T. We also found that experience with the controlled challenge situation (the male intruder was restrained behind a wire mesh) dampened the approach to the male side (potential threat) when later exposed to the same conditions. This suggests that a resident's motivation to defend against a threatening individual may decrease as the threat posed by the "neighbors" is reduced. Overall rapid effects of post-encounter T pulses may play important roles in influencing behavioral decisions during social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Matthew J Fuxjager
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Quinnehtukqut McLamore
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Catherine A Marler
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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219
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Keiling TD, Suski CD. Food deprived largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are inactive and stressed, but do not show changes in lure inspections. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 238:110556. [PMID: 31446065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Coping style traits, including physiology and behavior, can be used to predict if fish are vulnerable to capture by hook-and-line angling. Typically, fish with proactive coping styles are selectively captured, but effects of environmental influences, such as food availability, on the completion of each step leading to a successful angling capture (i.e., activity rates, encountering a lure, lure inspection, lure-striking, and ingestion) have not been quantified. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the effects among activity behavior, stress (cortisol) responsiveness, and food availability on lure inspection behaviors of largemouth bass. No relationships were found between activity, stress responsiveness, and food availability to determine lure inspections. However, food deprivation decreased activity rates and increased baseline cortisol concentrations of largemouth bass. Additionally, after feeding treatments, fish with low baseline cortisol concentrations were more likely to inspect lures in both the fed and food deprived treatments. Results further discuss the implications of study findings to help fisheries managers predict the evolutionary impacts of angling.
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220
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Santicchia F, Wauters LA, Dantzer B, Westrick SE, Ferrari N, Romeo C, Palme R, Preatoni DG, Martinoli A. Relationships between personality traits and the physiological stress response in a wild mammal. Curr Zool 2019; 66:197-204. [PMID: 32440278 PMCID: PMC7233610 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in the regulation of an animal's energetic state. Under stressful situations, they are part of the neuroendocrine response to cope with environmental challenges. Animals react to aversive stimuli also through behavioral responses, defined as coping styles. Both in captive and wild populations, individuals differ in their behavior along a proactive-reactive continuum. Proactive animals exhibit a bold, active-explorative and social personality, whereas reactive ones are shy, less active-explorative and less social. Here, we test the hypothesis that personality traits and physiological responses to stressors covary, with more proactive individuals having a less pronounced GC stress response. In wild populations of invasive gray squirrels Sciurus carolinensis, we measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), an integrated measure of circulating GCs, and 3 personality traits (activity, sociability, and exploration) derived from open field test (OFT) and mirror image stimulation (MIS) test. Gray squirrels had higher FGMs in Autumn than in Winter and males with scrotal testes had higher FGMs than nonbreeding males. Personality varied with body mass and population density. Squirrels expressed more activity-exploration at higher than at lower density and heavier squirrels had higher scores for activity-exploration than animals that weighed less. Variation in FGM concentrations was not correlated with the expression of the 3 personality traits. Hence, our results do not support a strong association between the behavioral and physiological stress responses but show that in wild populations, where animals experience varying environmental conditions, the GC endocrine response and the expression of personality are uncorrelated traits among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santicchia
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lucas A Wauters
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.,Department of Biology, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Westrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano G Preatoni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinoli
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Environment Analysis and Management Unit - Guido Tosi Research Group - Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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221
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Jolles JW, Briggs HD, Araya-Ajoy YG, Boogert NJ. Personality, plasticity and predictability in sticklebacks: bold fish are less plastic and more predictable than shy fish. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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222
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The relationship between coping styles and responses to handling in captive guanacos (Lama guanicoe). Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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223
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Kanitz E, Tuchscherer M, Otten W, Tuchscherer A, Zebunke M, Puppe B. Coping Style of Pigs Is Associated With Different Behavioral, Neurobiological and Immune Responses to Stressful Challenges. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:173. [PMID: 31417378 PMCID: PMC6686684 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the animal’s reaction to environmental challenges, consistent but different coping styles can be identified, which in turn may have consequences for health and welfare. Therefore, profound knowledge of the complex interrelationships between individual behavioral response patterns, underlying neurobiological mechanisms and immunological effects is required. The aim of this study was to examine whether pigs with different coping styles exhibit distinct behavioral, neurobiological and immune responses to stressful situations. Therefore, pigs (n = 40) were classified as proactive, reactive or intermediate animals according to a repeatedly-performed backtest, and behavioral, neuroendocrine and immune alterations were analyzed without any stress before weaning on day 28 and after a stress treatment on day 32. Our results show that the behavioral responses in an open-field/novel-object test characterized proactive pigs as more active. There were no significant differences in adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol concentrations between pigs with different coping characteristics. However, we found that proactive pigs displayed significantly increased plasma noradrenaline levels in response to stress, which may reflect a higher sympathetic reactivity of these animals. Furthermore, the present study revealed coping style differences in mRNA expression of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin receptors and the immediate early gene c-fos in stress-related brain regions. While proactive pigs responded to stress with higher mRNA expression of arginine vasopressin, mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, reactive pigs displayed higher oxytocin receptor and c-fos mRNA expression, indicating different neurobiological mechanisms of distinct coping styles in response to stressful challenges. Moreover, we also found humoral immune differences between proactive, intermediate and reactive animals. Proactive pigs had a higher total serum IgA concentration before and after stress treatment, with a significant increase in response to stress compared to reactive and intermediate pigs. In contrast, stress-induced IgM concentrations only increased in reactive and intermediate animals, suggesting that the effects of coping style on humoral immunity may differ depending on the specific function of the immunoglobulin classes. In conclusion, this multidisciplinary study expands the concept of coping style in farm animals, particularly in terms of individual stress reactivity and disease susceptibility, and thus contributes to the understanding of the biology of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Margret Tuchscherer
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Winfried Otten
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Zebunke
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Birger Puppe
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.,Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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224
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Westrick SE, van Kesteren F, Palme R, Boonstra R, Lane JE, Boutin S, McAdam AG, Dantzer B. Stress activity is not predictive of coping style in North American red squirrels. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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225
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Leite-Ferreira ME, Araujo-Silva H, Luchiari AC. Individual Differences in Hatching Time Predict Alcohol Response in Zebrafish. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:166. [PMID: 31396063 PMCID: PMC6664016 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are significant individual differences in response to alcohol: some people seem to exhibit higher alcohol sensitivity, while others are more resistant. These differences are related to alcohol metabolism, inherited traits, environmental/social pressure, personal habits and other indeterminate causes. In order to test how individual differences in hatching time are related to behavioral response to different alcohol concentrations, we separated zebrafish larvae into two categories according to egg emergence time: eggs hatched between 48 and 72 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were considered early emerging (EE), while those hatched from 72 to 96 hpf were considered late emerging (LE). On the 30th day post fertilization, EE and LE fish were exposed to four alcohol concentrations: 0.00% (control), 0.10%, 0.25% and 0.50%, and behavior was recorded for 60 min. We observed average and maximum swimming speed, distance traveled, and freezing time (immobility that indicates state of anxiety). For EE fish, 0.10% alcohol did not change behavior, while 0.25% and 0.50% increased freezing and decreased locomotion. By contrast, LE fish increased locomotion when exposed to both 0.10 and 0.25% alcohol, and increased freezing time at 0.50% alcohol. These results show that zebrafish behavioral profiles exhibit different sensitivities to alcohol, likely due to traits that can be tracked from early life stages and may indicate individuals’ predisposition to alcohol tolerance and dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Leite-Ferreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Heloysa Araujo-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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226
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Lattin CR, Merullo DP, Riters LV, Carson RE. In vivo imaging of D 2 receptors and corticosteroids predict behavioural responses to captivity stress in a wild bird. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10407. [PMID: 31320692 PMCID: PMC6639298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual physiological variation may underlie individual differences in behaviour in response to stressors. This study tested the hypothesis that individual variation in dopamine and corticosteroid physiology in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus, n = 15) would significantly predict behaviour and weight loss in response to a long-term stressor, captivity. We found that individuals that coped better with captivity (fewer anxiety-related behaviours, more time spent feeding, higher body mass) had lower baseline and higher stress-induced corticosteroid titres at capture. Birds with higher striatal D2 receptor binding (examined using positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-raclopride 24 h post-capture) spent more time feeding in captivity, but weighed less, than birds with lower D2 receptor binding. In the subset of individuals imaged a second time, D2 receptor binding decreased in captivity in moulting birds, and larger D2 decreases were associated with increased anxiety behaviours 2 and 4 weeks post-capture. This suggests changes in dopaminergic systems could be one physiological mechanism underlying negative behavioural effects of chronic stress. Non-invasive technologies like PET have the potential to transform our understanding of links between individual variation in physiology and behaviour and elucidate which neuroendocrine phenotypes predict stress resilience, a question with important implications for both humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Lattin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Devin P Merullo
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren V Riters
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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227
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Mazza V, Jacob J, Dammhahn M, Zaccaroni M, Eccard JA. Individual variation in cognitive style reflects foraging and anti-predator strategies in a small mammal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10157. [PMID: 31300696 PMCID: PMC6626059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing foraging gain and predation risk is a fundamental trade-off in the life of animals. Individual strategies to acquire, process, store and use information to solve cognitive tasks are likely to affect speed and flexibility of learning, and ecologically relevant decisions regarding foraging and predation risk. Theory suggests a functional link between individual variation in cognitive style and behaviour (animal personality) via speed-accuracy and risk-reward trade-offs. We tested whether cognitive style and personality affect risk-reward trade-off decisions posed by foraging and predation risk. We exposed 21 bank voles (Myodes glareolus) that were bold, fast learning and inflexible and 18 voles that were shy, slow learning and flexible to outdoor enclosures with different risk levels at two food patches. We quantified individual food patch exploitation, foraging and vigilance behaviour. Although both types responded to risk, fast animals increasingly exploited both food patches, gaining access to more food and spending less time searching and exercising vigilance. Slow animals progressively avoided high-risk areas, concentrating foraging effort in the low-risk one, and devoting >50% of visit to vigilance. These patterns indicate that individual differences in cognitive style/personality are reflected in foraging and anti-predator decisions that underlie the individual risk-reward bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mazza
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany. .,Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany. .,Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Jens Jacob
- Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Zaccaroni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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228
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Contextual fear learning and memory differ between stress coping styles in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9935. [PMID: 31289317 PMCID: PMC6617452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals frequently overcome stressors and the ability to learn and recall these salient experiences is essential to an individual’s survival. As part of an animal’s stress coping style, behavioral and physiological responses to stressors are often consistent across contexts and time. However, we are only beginning to understand how cognitive traits can be biased by different coping styles. Here we investigate learning and memory differences in zebrafish (Danio rerio) displaying proactive and reactive stress coping styles. We assessed learning rate and memory duration using an associative fear conditioning paradigm that trained zebrafish to associate a context with exposure to a natural olfactory alarm cue. Our results show that both proactive and reactive zebrafish learn and remember this fearful association. However, we note significant interaction effects between stress coping style and cognition. Zebrafish with the reactive stress coping style acquired the fear memory at a significantly faster rate than proactive fish. While both stress coping styles showed equal memory recall one day post-conditioning, reactive zebrafish showed significantly stronger recall of the conditioned context relative to proactive fish four days post-conditioning. Through understanding how stress coping strategies promote biases in processing salient information, we gain insight into mechanisms that can constrain adaptive behavioral responses.
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229
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Sorato E, Zidar J, Garnham L, Wilson A, Løvlie H. Heritabilities and co-variation among cognitive traits in red junglefowl. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0285. [PMID: 30104430 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural selection can act on between-individual variation in cognitive abilities, yet evolutionary responses depend on the presence of underlying genetic variation. It is, therefore, crucial to determine the relative extent of genetic versus environmental control of these among-individual differences in cognitive traits to understand their causes and evolutionary potential. We investigated heritability of associative learning performance and of a cognitive judgement bias (optimism), as well as their covariation, in a captive pedigree-bred population of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus, n > 300 chicks over 5 years). We analysed performance in discriminative and reversal learning (two facets of associative learning), and cognitive judgement bias, by conducting animal models to disentangle genetic from environmental contributions. We demonstrate moderate heritability for reversal learning, and weak to no heritability for optimism and discriminative learning, respectively. The two facets of associative learning were weakly negatively correlated, consistent with hypothesized trade-offs underpinning individual cognitive styles. Reversal, but not discriminative learning performance, was associated with judgement bias; less optimistic individuals reversed a previously learnt association faster. Together these results indicate that genetic and environmental contributions differ among traits. While modular models of cognitive abilities predict a lack of common genetic control for different cognitive traits, further investigation is required to fully ascertain the degree of covariation between a broader range of cognitive traits and the extent of any shared genetic control.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sorato
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Josefina Zidar
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Laura Garnham
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Alastair Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Hanne Løvlie
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
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230
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Maximino C, do Carmo Silva RX, Dos Santos Campos K, de Oliveira JS, Rocha SP, Pyterson MP, Dos Santos Souza DP, Feitosa LM, Ikeda SR, Pimentel AFN, Ramos PNF, Costa BPD, Herculano AM, Rosemberg DB, Siqueira-Silva DH, Lima-Maximino M. Sensory ecology of ostariophysan alarm substances. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:274-286. [PMID: 30345536 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical communication of predation risk has evolved multiple times in fish species, with conspecific alarm substance (CAS) being the most well understood mechanism. CAS is released after epithelial damage, usually when prey fish are captured by a predator and elicits neurobehavioural adjustments in conspecifics which increase the probability of avoiding predation. As such, CAS is a partial predator stimulus, eliciting risk assessment-like and avoidance behaviours and disrupting the predation sequence. The present paper reviews the distribution and putative composition of CAS in fish and presents a model for the neural processing of these structures by the olfactory and the brain aversive systems. Applications of CAS in the behavioural neurosciences and neuropharmacology are also presented, exploiting the potential of model fish [e.g., zebrafish Danio rerio, guppies Poecilia reticulata, minnows Phoxinus phoxinus) in neurobehavioural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Rhayra X do Carmo Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kimberly Dos Santos Campos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Jeisiane S de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Sueslene P Rocha
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Maryana P Pyterson
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Dainara P Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M Feitosa
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Saulo R Ikeda
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Ana F N Pimentel
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Pâmila N F Ramos
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Bruna P D Costa
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - Cidade Universitária Paulo VI - Predio da Veterinária, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Herculano
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Experimental, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Neuropsicobiologia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diógenes H Siqueira-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento "Frederico Guilherme Graeff", Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Nova Marabá, Brazil
| | - Monica Lima-Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia e Biofísica, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará - Campus VIII/Marabá, Marabá, Brazil
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231
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Rosselot P, Mendonça T, González I, Tadich T. Behavioral and Physiological Differences between Working Horses and Chilean Rodeo Horses in a Handling Test. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E397. [PMID: 31261934 PMCID: PMC6681051 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive measures are preferred when assessing animal welfare. Differences in behavioral and physiological responses toward a stressor could be the result of the selection of horses for specific uses. Behavioral and physiological responses of working and Chilean rodeo horses subjected to a handling test were assessed. Five behaviors, number of attempts, and the time to cross a bridge were video recorded and analyzed with the Observer XT software. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), to assess the physiological response to the novel stimulus, were registered with a Polar Equine V800 heart rate monitor system during rest and the bridge test. Heart rate variability data were obtained with the Kubios software. Differences between working and Chilean rodeo horses were assessed, and within-group differences between rest and the test were also analyzed. Chilean rodeo horses presented more proactive behaviors and required significantly more attempts to cross the bridge than working horses. Physiologically, Chilean rodeo horses presented lower variability of the heart rate than working horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rosselot
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tiago Mendonça
- Behavioral and Physiological Mechanisms of Adaptation Department, Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), 84400 Apt, France
| | - Igor González
- Programa de Magíster en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Tadich
- Departamento de Fomento de la Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile.
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232
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Coping Styles in the Domestic Cat ( Felis silvestris catus) and Implications for Cat Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060370. [PMID: 31216726 PMCID: PMC6616962 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying coping styles in cats may lead to improved health and welfare. The aims of this study were to (1) identify individual differences in response to acute confinement, and (2) to assess the predictability of guardian-rated personality traits on behavior. Adult cats (n = 55) were singly housed in enriched cages and behavioral observations were recorded for three days. On day 3, familiar and unfamiliar person approach tests were conducted. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) were quantified from voided samples. A questionnaire assessing personality traits and sickness behaviors was completed by each guardian. Analysis identified two clusters-cats in Cluster 1 (n = 22) were described as shy, calm, mellow, and timid; cats in Cluster 2 (n = 33) were described as active, playful, curious, and easygoing. Multilevel mixed-effects GLM revealed significant differences between the clusters including food intake (C1 > C2, p < 0.0001), affiliative/maintenance behaviors (C2 > C1, p < 0.0001), vocalization (C2 > C1, p < 0.0001), hide (C1 > C2, p < 0.0001), perch (C2 > C1, p < 0.0001), and latency to approach a familiar (C1 > C2, p < 0.0001) and unfamiliar (C1 > C2, p = 0.013) person. No statistically significant differences in FGM concentrations were identified (cluster p = 0.28; day p = 0.16, interaction p = 0.26). Guardian-rated personality traits agreed with the response of the cats when confined to a cage, suggesting that domestic cats have different coping styles. Identifying individual differences in response to stressful events or environments may provide caretakers with important information leading to improved welfare.
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233
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Gesto M. Consistent individual competitive ability in rainbow trout as a proxy for coping style and its lack of correlation with cortisol responsiveness upon acute stress. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112576. [PMID: 31207270 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For a given fish species, individuals are different in their ability to cope with stressors; each individual has its own set of physiological and behavioral responses to stress (stress-coping style). This individual diversity is of importance when considering the welfare of fish reared in aquaculture facilities. In this study with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) we investigated the link between the ability to compete for food of each individual (used as a proxy of dominance behavior/proactive stress-coping style) and its ability to cope with stress; we hypothesized that fish that are better competitors would be more robust against common aquaculture stressors. We screened 680 rainbow trout individuals for competition ability. This was done by submitting groups of 20 individuals to a 1-week competition trial where they were kept at low stocking density and were provided a restricted amount of food. A 15% of the screened fish were selected as "winners" and another 15% were selected as "losers", based on growth rates during the competition trials. Fish were re-tested in a second competition trial after several weeks, to assess for consistency of competitive ability. Winner and loser fish were individually exposed to confinement and their neuroendocrine stress response was evaluated (serotonergic activity in telencephalon and brain stem, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose and lactate). Furthermore, behavioral responses to confinement and net restraining tests were also investigated. The results showed good temporal consistency of competitive ability in the lapse of time of the experiments. Besides, competitive ability showed a positive association to fish activity during the net restraining tests. However, plasma stress marker data showed a lack of relevant differences between the acute stress responses of winner and loser fish, adding up to the body of evidence suggesting that stress responsiveness might not be consistently linked to SCS in vertebrates. This, together with the inability of winner fish to outperform loser fish in usual stocking density conditions, suggests that there is no clear welfare or performance benefits in selecting fish of a specific coping style for fish farming, at least in the domesticated trout population used in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gesto
- Section for Aquaculture, DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, Willemoesvej 2, 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark.
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234
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Fuss T, Witte K. Sex differences in color discrimination and serial reversal learning in mollies and guppies. Curr Zool 2019; 65:323-332. [PMID: 31263491 PMCID: PMC6595423 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral flexibility provides an individual with the ability to adapt its behavior in response to environmental changes. Studies on mammals, birds, and teleosts indicate greater behavioral flexibility in females. Conversely, males appear to exhibit greater behavioral persistence. We, therefore, investigated sex differences in behavioral flexibility in 2 closely related molly species (Poecilia latipinna, P. mexicana) and their more distant relative, the guppy P. reticulata by comparing male and female individuals in a serial, visual reversal learning task. Fish were first trained in color discrimination, which was quickly learned by all females (guppies and mollies) and all molly males alike. Despite continued training over more than 72 sessions, male guppies did not learn the general test procedure and were, therefore, excluded from further testing. Once the reward contingency was reversed serially, molly males of both species performed considerably better by inhibiting their previous response and reached the learning criterion significantly faster than their respective conspecific females. Moreover, Atlantic molly males clearly outperformed all other individuals (males and females) and some of them even reached the level of 1-trial learning. Thus, the apparently universal pattern of higher female behavioral flexibility seems to be inverted in the 2 examined molly species, although the evolutionary account of this pattern remains highly speculative. These findings were complemented by the observed lower neophobia of female sailfin mollies compared with their male conspecifics. This sex difference was not observed in Atlantic mollies that were observed to be significantly less distressed in a novel situation than their consexuals. Hypothetically, sex differences in behavioral flexibility can possibly be explained in terms of the different roles that males and females play in mating competition, mate choice, and reproduction or, more generally, in complex social interactions. Each of these characteristics clearly differed between the closely related mollies and the more distantly related guppies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Fuss
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen, Germany
| | - Klaudia Witte
- Research Group of Ecology and Behavioral Biology, Institute of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen, Germany
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235
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Briefer Freymond S, Bardou D, Beuret S, Bachmann I, Zuberbühler K, Briefer EF. Elevated Sensitivity to Tactile Stimuli in Stereotypic Horses. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:162. [PMID: 31275947 PMCID: PMC6593280 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although stereotypic behaviors are a common problem in captive animals, why certain individuals are more prone to develop them remains elusive. In horses, individuals show considerable differences in how they perceive and react to external events, suggesting that this may partially account for the emergence of stereotypies in this species. In this study, we focused on crib-biting, the most common stereotypy displayed by horses. We compared how established crib-biters (“CB” = 19) and normal controls (“C” = 18) differed in response to a standard “personality” assessment test battery, i.e., reactivity to humans, tactile sensitivity, social reactivity, locomotor activity, and curiosity vs. fearfulness (both in novel and suddenness situations). Our analyses showed that crib-biters only differed from control horses in their tactile sensitivity, suggesting an elevated sensitivity to tactile stimuli. We suggest that this higher tactile sensitivity could be due to altered dopamine or endogenous opioid physiology, resulting from chronic stress exposition. We discuss these findings in relation to the hypothesis that there may be a genetic predisposition for stereotypic behavior in horses, and in relation to current animal husbandry and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Déborah Bardou
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Beuret
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Iris Bachmann
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Zuberbühler
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland
| | - Elodie F Briefer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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236
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Wilson V, Guenther A, Øverli Ø, Seltmann MW, Altschul D. Future Directions for Personality Research: Contributing New Insights to the Understanding of Animal Behavior. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E240. [PMID: 31096599 PMCID: PMC6562689 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the European Conference on Behavioral Biology 2018, we organized a symposium entitled, "Animal personality: providing new insights into behavior?" The aims of this symposium were to address current research in the personality field, spanning both behavioral ecology and psychology, to highlight the future directions for this research, and to consider whether differential approaches to studying behavior contribute something new to the understanding of animal behavior. In this paper, we discuss the study of endocrinology and ontogeny in understanding how behavioral variation is generated and maintained, despite selection pressures assumed to reduce this variation. We consider the potential mechanisms that could link certain traits to fitness outcomes through longevity and cognition. We also address the role of individual differences in stress coping, mortality, and health risk, and how the study of these relationships could be applied to improve animal welfare. From the insights provided by these topics, we assert that studying individual differences through the lens of personality has provided new directions in behavioral research, and we encourage further research in these directions, across this interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Wilson
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göettingen, Germany.
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University, 37077 Göettingen, Germany.
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Anja Guenther
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany.
| | - Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-0508 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Drew Altschul
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
- Center for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
- Scottish Primate Research Group.
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237
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Scheun J, Greeff D, Medger K, Ganswindt A. Validating the use of dermal secretion as a matrix for monitoring glucocorticoid concentrations in African amphibian species. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz022. [PMID: 31110770 PMCID: PMC6521680 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction between factors leading to amphibian declines is responsible for the inability to develop robust, standardized conservation action plans. Monitoring physiological stress responses in amphibians may provide an ideal tool to assist conservationists in this regard. This study aimed to validate dermal secretions as a robust matrix for monitoring glucocorticoid alterations in an African amphibian, the edible bullfrog (Pyxicephalus edulis). Both a biological (handling) and physiological (ACTH challenge) validation were conducted to determine which of five available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) tested is most suited for monitoring alterations in dermal glucocorticoid (dGC) concentrations. Additionally, the most optimal body region for monitoring dGC concentrations in P. edulis was identified. To confirm the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis following ACTH administration, urinary glucocorticoid metabolites (uGCM) were also quantified. The tested corticosterone EIA was the only assay able to monitor alterations in dGC concentrations following the handling event in P. edulis. Further validation during the ACTH challenge supported the corticosterone EIA in this regard. Dermal secretions collected from both the ventral and dorsal regions were suitable for monitoring dGC concentrations in both sexes. A considerable increase in uGCM concentrations following ACTH administration was found, suggesting that the dGC concentrations observed were derived from the HPI axis. This study offers further support for the use of dermal secretions as an important matrix for monitoring physiological stress, and thus general health, in amphibian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Scheun
- Research & Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Dominique Greeff
- Research & Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Katarina Medger
- Research & Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Andre Ganswindt
- Research & Scientific Services Department, National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
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238
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Skov PV, de Jesus Gregersen KJ, Gesto M, Jokumsen A. Proactive coping style in early emerging rainbow trout carries a metabolic cost with no apparent return. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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239
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Wong RY, French J, Russ JB. Differences in stress reactivity between zebrafish with alternative stress coping styles. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181797. [PMID: 31218026 PMCID: PMC6549991 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Animals experience stress in a variety of contexts and the behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to stress can vary among conspecifics. The responses across stressors often covary within an individual and are consistently different between individuals, which represent distinct stress coping styles (e.g. proactive and reactive). While studies have identified differences in peak glucocorticoid levels, less is known about how cortisol levels differ between stress coping styles at other time points of the glucocorticoid stress response. Here we quantified whole-body cortisol levels and stress-related behaviours (e.g. depth preference, movement) at time points representing the rise and recovery periods of the stress response in zebrafish lines selectively bred to display the proactive and reactive coping style. We found that cortisol levels and stress behaviours are significantly different between the lines, sexes and time points. Further, individuals from the reactive line showed significantly higher cortisol levels during the rising phase of the stress response compared with those from the proactive line. We also observed a significant correlation between individual variation of cortisol levels and depth preference but only in the reactive line. Our results show that differences in cortisol levels between the alternative stress coping styles extend to the rising phase of the endocrine stress response and that cortisol levels may explain variation in depth preferences in the reactive line. Differences in the timing and duration of cortisol levels may influence immediate behavioural displays and longer lasting neuromolecular mechanisms that modulate future responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Y. Wong
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Jeffrey French
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Jacalyn B. Russ
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
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240
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Demin KA, Lakstygal AM, Alekseeva PA, Sysoev M, de Abreu MS, Alpyshov ET, Serikuly N, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Strekalova TV, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Kalueff AV. The role of intraspecies variation in fish neurobehavioral and neuropharmacological phenotypes in aquatic models. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:44-55. [PMID: 30822702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecies variation is common in both clinical and animal research of various brain disorders. Relatively well-studied in mammals, intraspecies variation in aquatic fish models and its role in their behavioral and pharmacological responses remain poorly understood. Like humans and mammals, fishes show high variance of behavioral and drug-evoked responses, modulated both genetically and environmentally. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a particularly useful model organism tool to access neurobehavioral and drug-evoked responses. Here, we discuss recent findings and the role of the intraspecies variance in neurobehavioral, pharmacological and toxicological studies utilizing zebrafish and other fish models. We also critically evaluate common sources of intraspecies variation and outline potential strategies to improve data reproducibility and translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina A Alekseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Sysoev
- Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tatyana V Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology and Department of Normal Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Granov Russian Research Centre of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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241
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Molendijk ML, de Kloet ER. Coping with the forced swim stressor: Current state-of-the-art. Behav Brain Res 2019; 364:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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242
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Alfonso S, Sadoul B, Gesto M, Joassard L, Chatain B, Geffroy B, Bégout ML. Coping styles in European sea bass: The link between boldness, stress response and neurogenesis. Physiol Behav 2019; 207:76-85. [PMID: 31047951 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coping styles consist of a coherent set of individual physiological and behavioral differences in stress responses that are consistent across time and context. Such consistent inter-individual differences in behavior have already been shown in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), but the associated mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we combine physiological measurements with individual behavioral responses in order to characterize coping styles in fish. Fish were tagged and placed in a tank for group risk-taking tests (GRT) at 8 months of age to evaluate boldness using the proxy latency of leaving a sheltered area towards an open area. A subsample of these fish were individually challenged 16 months later using an open field test (OFT), in which the boldness was assessed after being placed in a shelter within an open arena. Latency to exit the shelter, time spent in the shelter, and distance travelled were recorded for this purpose. The blood and brain were then collected to evaluate plasma cortisol concentration and neurotransmitter levels (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and related metabolites), as well as brain transcription of key genes involved in stress axis regulation (gr1, gr2, mr, crf), neurogenesis (neurod1, neurod2, pcna), and neuronal development (egr1). Fish acting bolder in the GRT were not necessarily those acting bolder in the OFT, highlighting the relatively low consistency across different types of tests performed with a 16-months interval. There was, however, a significant correlation between stress markers and boldness. Indeed, mRNA levels of mr, crf, gr2, egr1, and neurod2, as well as norepinephrine levels were higher in shy than bold fish, whereas brain serotonergic activity was lower in shy fish. Overall, our study highlights the fact that boldness was not consistent over time when testing context differed (group vs. alone). This is in agreement with previous literature suggesting that social context play a key role in boldness measurement and that the particular life history of each individual may account in shaping the personality fate of a fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Alfonso
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France; Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France.
| | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France
| | - Manuel Gesto
- Technical University of Denmark, Willemoesvej 2 Building Hovedbygning, D-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Lucette Joassard
- Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France
| | - Béatrice Chatain
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France
| | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Palavas-les-flots, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, F-17137 L'Houmeau, France
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Bevan PA, Gosetto I, Jenkins ER, Barnes I, Ioannou CC. Regulation between personality traits: individual social tendencies modulate whether boldness and leadership are correlated. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.0829. [PMID: 29899075 PMCID: PMC6015863 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although consistent behavioural differences between individuals (i.e. personality variation) are now well established in animals, these differences are not always expressed when individuals interact in social groups. This can be key in important social dynamics such as leadership, which is often positively related to personality traits such as boldness. Individuals consistently differ in how social they are (their sociability), so if other axes of personality variation, such as boldness, can be suppressed during social interactions, this suppression should be stronger in more sociable individuals. We measured boldness (latency to leave a refuge when alone) and sociability (time spent with a conspecific) in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and tested the boldness-leadership association in pairs of these fish. Both boldness and sociability were repeatable, but were not correlated. When splitting the data between the 50% most sociable and 50% less sociable fish, boldness was more strongly associated with leadership in less rather than more sociable individuals. This is consistent with more sociable fish conforming to their partner's behaviour due to their greater social tendency. One axis of personality variation (sociability) can thus modulate the relationship between others (boldness and leadership), with potential implications for selection on personality variation in social animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy A Bevan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK
| | - Isabella Gosetto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK
| | - Eliza R Jenkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK
| | - Isobel Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK
| | - Christos C Ioannou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81TQ, UK
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244
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Determination of Salivary Cortisol in Donkey Stallions. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:68-71. [PMID: 31133319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary cortisol provides information about free plasma cortisol concentration, and salivary sampling is a noninvasive well-tolerated procedure. The aim of this study was to validate a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the determination of salivary cortisol in donkeys. Saliva samples were collected in four donkey stallions on 13 nonconsecutive days at 8:30 AM to avoid circadian variation. Animals were already accustomed to be handled. Saliva was collected using a swab inserted at the angle of the lips, placed onto the tongue for 1 minute and returned into a polypropylene tube. Tubes were centrifuged, and at least 1 mL of saliva was aspirated from each sample and frozen at -20°C until analysis. A commercial enzyme immunoassay kit without extraction was used for determination of cortisol in saliva. Median cortisol concentrations with minimum and maximum value were calculated. Recovery of cortisol standard in donkey saliva was between 97.3% and 99.7%, and serial dilution of donkey saliva samples with assay buffer resulted in changes in optical density parallel to the standard curve. Cross-reactivity of the antiserum was 10.4% with 11-deoxycortisol, 5.2% with corticosterone, 0.4% with 11-deoxycorticosterone, 0.2% with cortisone, and <0.1% with testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 10.7%, the interassay variation was 8.0%, and the minimal detectable concentration was 0.01 ng/mL. The results of the present study demonstrate the validity of a commercial kit to determine the concentration of cortisol in donkey saliva as already reported in other species.
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245
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Damsgård B, Evensen TH, Øverli Ø, Gorissen M, Ebbesson LOE, Rey S, Höglund E. Proactive avoidance behaviour and pace-of-life syndrome in Atlantic salmon. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181859. [PMID: 31032038 PMCID: PMC6458412 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Individuals in a fish population differ in key life-history traits such as growth rate and body size. This raises the question of whether such traits cluster along a fast-slow growth continuum according to a pace-of-life syndrome (POLS). Fish species like salmonids may develop a bimodal size distribution, providing an opportunity to study the relationships between individual growth and behavioural responsiveness. Here we test whether proactive characteristics (bold behaviour coupled with low post-stress cortisol production) are related to fast growth and developmental rate in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Boldness was tested in a highly controlled two-tank hypoxia test were oxygen levels were gradually decreased in one of the tanks. All fish became inactive close to the bottom at 70% oxygen saturation. At 40% oxygen saturation level a fraction of the fish actively sought to avoid hypoxia. A proactive stress coping style was verified by lower cortisol response to a standardized stressor. Two distinct clusters of bimodal growth trajectories were identified, with fast growth and early smoltification in 80% of the total population. There was a higher frequency of proactive than reactive individuals in this fast-developing fraction of fish. The smolts were associated with higher post-stress plasma cortisol than parr, and the proactive smolts leaving hypoxia had significant lower post-stress cortisol than the stayers. The study demonstrated a link between a proactive coping and fast growth and developmental ratio and suggests that selection for domestic production traits promotes this trait cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Damsgård
- The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
- Nofima, 9291 Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marnix Gorissen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute of Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, 6525AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA Stirling, UK
| | - Erik Höglund
- Center of Coastal Research, University of Agder, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
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246
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Huzard D, Ghosal S, Grosse J, Carnevali L, Sgoifo A, Sandi C. Low vagal tone in two rat models of psychopathology involving high or low corticosterone stress responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:101-110. [PMID: 30448728 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The two stress-responsive physiological systems, autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis exert complementary and interrelated actions in the organism. Individuals that suffer stress-related psychopathologies frequently present simultaneous alterations -i.e., either low or high- responsiveness- in both systems. However, there is scarce evidence establishing whether a priori alterations in these systems -i.e., independent of previous stress exposure- may predispose to the development of psychopathologies possibly due to the lack of animal models simultaneously involving aberrant HPA and SNS responses. In this study, we describe two animal models selectively bred according to their differential (either high, 'High', or low, 'Low') glucocorticoid responsiveness to stress, in comparison to a third line of rats that displays intermediate ('Inter') glucocorticoid responses. The two extreme lines may be considered distinct models of psychopathology; the High line representing a model of constitutive mood alterations while the Low line a model of vulnerability to develop stress-induced psychopathologies. We recorded the electrocardiogram in rats from the three lines and quantified heart rate variability and vagal tone indexes during rest and stress challenges. Rats from both High and Low lines displayed higher heart rate and lower basal vagal tone than the Inter group, both at resting and following stress exposure. Specific pharmacological manipulations probing the relative contribution of sympathetic and parasympathetic components on HR modulation confirmed a relative lower vagal tone in High and Low lines and discarded differences in the sympathetic regulation of heart rate between the lines. Therefore, the two genetically-selected High and Low glucocorticoid rat lines emerge as two valuable preclinical models of psychopathology involving two key risk factors for psychiatric and cardiovascular disorders, namely dysregulations in the HPA axis and cardiac vagal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Huzard
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Carnevali
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sgoifo
- Stress Physiology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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247
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Richter SH, Hintze S. From the individual to the population – and back again? Emphasising the role of the individual in animal welfare science. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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248
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Silber S, Joshi S, Pillay N. Behavioural syndromes in stereotypic striped mice. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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249
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de Kloet ER, de Kloet SF, de Kloet CS, de Kloet AD. Top-down and bottom-up control of stress-coping. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12675. [PMID: 30578574 PMCID: PMC6519262 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this 30th anniversary issue review, we focus on the glucocorticoid modulation of limbic-prefrontocortical circuitry during stress-coping. This action of the stress hormone is mediated by mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) that are co-expressed abundantly in these higher brain regions. Via both receptor types, the glucocorticoids demonstrate, in various contexts, rapid nongenomic and slower genomic actions that coordinate consecutive stages of information processing. MR-mediated action optimises stress-coping, whereas, in a complementary fashion, the memory storage of the selected coping strategy is promoted via GR. We highlight the involvement of adipose tissue in the allocation of energy resources to central regulation of stress reactions, point to still poorly understood neuronal ensembles in the prefrontal cortex that underlie cognitive flexibility critical for effective coping, and evaluate the role of cortisol as a pleiotropic regulator in vulnerability to, and treatment of, trauma-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edo R. de Kloet
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sybren F. de Kloet
- Department of Integrative NeurophysiologyCenter for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVU‐University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Annette D. de Kloet
- Department of Physiology and Functional GenomicsUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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250
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González I, Torres CG, Chihuailaf R, Neira V, Tadich TA. Differences in Blood Parameters Associated to Stress Response Between Chilean Rodeo Horses and Chilean Urban Working Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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