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Xu M, Heidmarsson S, de Boer HJ, Kool A, Olafsdottir ES. Ethnopharmacology of the club moss subfamily Huperzioideae (Lycopodiaceae, Lycopodiophyta): A phylogenetic and chemosystematic perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112130. [PMID: 31376517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The most speciose subfamily Huperzioideae (Lycopodiaceae, Lycopodiophyta) contains about 276 species, and some (ca. 20 species) have traditionally been used for the treatment of e.g., dementia, rheumatism and traumatic injury. Ethnopharmacological studies have also contributed to the development of huperzine A as a drug lead, a compound first isolated from the club moss Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trevis. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review, with a phylogenetic and chemosystematic perspective, intends to highlight plant identification challenges in these taxa with examples from club moss phytochemical and ethnopharmacological studies, as these lead to data inconsistency and confusion. We suggest that future studies should include more details on plant identification including for example plant specimen images and DNA barcoding data. An integrative approach combining DNA barcoding and chemical fingerprinting is also introduced. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature concerning ethnopharmacology and chemosystematics of Huperzioideae club mosses was searched from databases, e.g. PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, etc. Plant names were retrieved from original publications, and compared with up-to-date taxonomic and phylogenetic status. Ethnobotanical uses and herbal preparations were summarized. Production of certain pharmaceutically interesting compounds, such as the alkaloid huperzine A, was explored in a phylogenetic context. RESULTS Most traditionally used club mosses are associated with psychoactivity, followed by medicinal uses against rheumatism and traumatic injury. Herbs are often prepared as infusions, decoctions or tinctures, and this implies importance of water- or aqueous-alcohol-soluble substances, such as alkaloids. Most ethnopharmacological papers on club mosses need to update or correct plant names according to recent taxonomic nomenclature, and there are still a number of unidentified species with traditional use. Advanced LC-MS chemical profiling techniques, enable distinction of genotypes of the same species as well as annotation of potential chemotaxonomic markers. In combination with DNA barcoding, chemosystematics could also help us select plant taxa with higher pharmaceutical potential. Caution should be taken when interpreting bioassay results, in terms of compounds or extract preparation and bioassay standardization. CONCLUSION Huperzioideae club mosses have interesting pharmaceutical potential supported by ethnopharmacological investigations. Bioprospecting of these plants should be preceded by careful plant identification to produce consistent and reproducible data. We expect that DNA barcoding and LC-MS-based chemical fingerprinting could facilitate and improve ethnopharmaceutical studies in selection of club moss taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maonian Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Starri Heidmarsson
- Akureyri Division, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, IS-600, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Hugo J de Boer
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneleen Kool
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, NO-0318, Oslo, Norway
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Mohammadhosseini M, Venditti A, Akbarzadeh A. The genusPerovskiaKar.: ethnobotany, chemotaxonomy and phytochemistry: a review. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1691013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohammadhosseini
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ehlert J, Kronemann J, Zumbrägel N, Preller M. Lipase-Catalyzed Chemoselective Ester Hydrolysis of Biomimetically Coupled Aryls for the Synthesis of Unsymmetric Biphenyl Esters. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234272. [PMID: 31771200 PMCID: PMC6930668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are among the most frequently used biocatalysts in organic synthesis, allowing numerous environmentally friendly and inexpensive chemical transformations. Here, we present a biomimetic strategy based on iron(III)-catalyzed oxidative coupling and selective ester monohydrolysis using lipases for the synthesis of unsymmetric biphenyl-based esters under mild conditions. The diverse class of biphenyl esters is of pharmaceutical and technical relevance. We explored the potency of a series of nine different lipases of bacterial, fungal, and mammalian origin on their catalytic activities to cleave biphenyl esters, and optimized the reaction conditions, in terms of reaction time, temperature, pH, organic solvent, and water–organic solvent ratios, to improve the chemoselectivity, and hence control the ratio of unsymmetric versus symmetric products. Elevated temperature and increased DMSO content led to an almost exclusive monohydrolysis by the four lipases Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), Mucor miehei lipase (MML), Rhizopus niveus lipase (RNL), and Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase (PFL). The study was complemented by in silico binding predictions to rationalize the observed differences in efficacies of the lipases to convert biphenyl esters. The optimized reaction conditions were transferred to the preparative scale with high yields, underlining the potential of the presented biomimetic approach as an alternative strategy to the commonly used transition metal-based strategies for the synthesis of diverse biphenyl esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Ehlert
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jenny Kronemann
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadine Zumbrägel
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Preller
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Structural organization of biocatalytic systems: the next dimension of synthetic metabolism. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:579-586. [PMID: 33523157 PMCID: PMC7289016 DOI: 10.1042/etls20190015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In natural metabolic networks, more than 2000 different biochemical reactions are operated and spatially and temporally co-ordinated in a reaction volume of <1 µm3. A similar level of control and precision has not been achieved in chemical synthesis, so far. Recently, synthetic biology succeeded in reconstructing complex synthetic in vitro metabolic networks (SIVMNs) from individual proteins in a defined fashion bottom-up. In this review, we will highlight some examples of SIVMNs and discuss how the further advancement of SIVMNs will require the structural organization of these networks and their reactions to (i) minimize deleterious side reactions, (ii) efficiently energize these networks from renewable energies, and (iii) achieve high productivity. The structural organization of synthetic metabolic networks will be a key step to create novel catalytic systems of the future and advance ongoing efforts of creating cell-like systems and artificial cells.
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc JC, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Cottrill B, Dusemund B, Mulder P, Arcella D, Baert K, Cascio C, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05860. [PMID: 32626161 PMCID: PMC7008800 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment is limited to QAs occurring in Lupinus species/varieties relevant for animal and human consumption in Europe (i.e. Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Information on the toxicity of QAs in animals and humans is limited. Following acute exposure to sparteine (reference compound), anticholinergic effects and changes in cardiac electric conductivity are considered to be critical for human hazard characterisation. The CONTAM Panel used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach identifying a lowest single oral effective dose of 0.16 mg sparteine/kg body weight as reference point to characterise the risk following acute exposure. No reference point could be identified to characterise the risk of chronic exposure. Because of similar modes of action for QAs, the CONTAM Panel used a group approach assuming dose additivity. For food, the highest mean concentration of Total QAs (TotQAs) (i.e. the 6 most abundant QAs) was found in lupin seed samples classified as 'Lupins (dry) and similar-'. Due to the limited data on occurrence and consumption, dietary exposure was calculated for some specific scenarios and no full human health risk characterisation was possible. The calculated margin of exposures (MOEs) may indicate a risk for some consumers. For example, when lupin seeds are consumed without a debittering step, or as debittered lupin seeds high in QA content and when 'lupin-based meat imitates' are consumed. For horses, companion and farm animals, other than salmonids, the available database on adverse effects was too limited to identify no-observed-adverse-effect levels and/or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels and no risk characterisation was possible. For salmonids, the CONTAM Panel considers the risk for adverse effects to be low.
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Tanaka Y, Asano T, Kanemitsu Y, Goto T, Yoshida Y, Yasuba K, Misawa Y, Nakatani S, Kobata K. Positional differences of intronic transposons in pAMT affect the pungency level in chili pepper through altered splicing efficiency. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:693-705. [PMID: 31323150 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are unique compounds that give chili pepper fruits their pungent taste. Capsaicinoid levels vary widely among pungent cultivars, which range from low pungency to extremely pungent. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this quantitative variation have not been elucidated. Our previous study identified various loss-of-function alleles of the pAMT gene which led to low pungency. The mutations in these alleles are commonly defined by Tcc transposon insertion and its footprint. In this study, we identified two leaky pamt alleles (pamtL1 and pamtL2 ) with different levels of putative aminotransferase (pAMT) activity. Notably, both alleles had a Tcc transposon insertion in intron 3, but the locations of the insertions within the intron were different. Genetic analysis revealed that pamtL1 , pamtL2 and a loss-of-function pamt allele reduced capsaicinoid levels to about 50%, 10% and less than 1%, respectively. pamtL1 and pamtL2 encoded functional pAMT proteins, but they exhibited lower transcript levels than the functional type. RNA sequencing analysis showed that intronic transposons disrupted splicing in intron 3, which resulted in simultaneous expression of functional pAMT mRNA and non-functional splice variants containing partial sequences of Tcc. The non-functional splice variants were more dominant in pamtL2 than in pamtL1 . This suggested that the difference in position of the intronic transposons could alter splicing efficiency, leading to different pAMT activities and reducing capsaicinoid content to different levels. Our results provide a striking example of allelic variations caused by intronic transposons; these variations contribute to quantitative differences in secondary metabolite contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takaya Asano
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yorika Kanemitsu
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tanjuro Goto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yasuba
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Sachie Nakatani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
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Lucaciu R, Pelikan C, Gerner SM, Zioutis C, Köstlbacher S, Marx H, Herbold CW, Schmidt H, Rattei T. A Bioinformatics Guide to Plant Microbiome Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1313. [PMID: 31708944 PMCID: PMC6819368 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence for intimate relationship of plants with their microbiota shows that plants host individual and diverse microbial communities that are essential for their survival. Understanding their relatedness using genome-based and high-throughput techniques remains a hot topic in microbiome research. Molecular analysis of the plant holobiont necessitates the application of specific sampling and preparatory steps that also consider sources of unwanted information, such as soil, co-amplified plant organelles, human DNA, and other contaminations. Here, we review state-of-the-art and present practical guidelines regarding experimental and computational aspects to be considered in molecular plant-microbiome studies. We discuss sequencing and "omics" techniques with a focus on the requirements needed to adapt these methods to individual research approaches. The choice of primers and sequence databases is of utmost importance for amplicon sequencing, while the assembly and binning of shotgun metagenomic sequences is crucial to obtain quality data. We discuss specific bioinformatic workflows to overcome the limitation of genome database resources and for covering large eukaryotic genomes such as fungi. In transcriptomics, it is necessary to account for the separation of host mRNA or dual-RNAseq data. Metaproteomics approaches provide a snapshot of the protein abundances within a plant tissue which requires the knowledge of complete and well-annotated plant genomes, as well as microbial genomes. Metabolomics offers a powerful tool to detect and quantify small molecules and molecular changes at the plant-bacteria interface if the necessary requirements with regard to (secondary) metabolite databases are considered. We highlight data integration and complementarity which should help to widen our understanding of the interactions among individual players of the plant holobiont in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hannes Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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208
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Chemical investigation on the root bark of Bombax malabarica. Fitoterapia 2019; 139:104376. [PMID: 31629048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ten compounds were isolated from the root bark of Bombax malabarica, including two new compounds, bombamalin (1) and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-1-[β-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-glucopyranoside (3), and shorealactone (4), a rare dehydroascorbic acid fused l-ε-viniferin. Compound 1 is an unusual bissesquiterpene, containing a 1,4-dioxene ring formed by fusing isohemigossypol with ent-cadinen-2-one. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. This chemical reinvestigation is of value for chemotaxonomy of the Bombax genus, in particular the finding of the unusual 1 and rare 4. Among the isolates, shorealactone (4), l-epicatechin 5-O-β-D-xyloside (5), and 2-C-[β-D-apiosyl-(1 → 6)]- β-D-glucosyl]-1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (6) displayed some inhibition against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 224, 345, and 285 μM, respectively.
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209
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Chemical Diversity and Classification of Secondary Metabolites in Nine Bryophyte Species. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100222. [PMID: 31614655 PMCID: PMC6835487 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The central aim in ecometabolomics and chemical ecology is to pinpoint chemical features that explain molecular functioning. The greatest challenge is the identification of compounds due to the lack of constitutive reference spectra, the large number of completely unknown compounds, and bioinformatic methods to analyze the big data. In this study we present an interdisciplinary methodological framework that extends ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS) with data-dependent acquisition (DDA-MS) and the automated in silico classification of fragment peaks into compound classes. We synthesize findings from a prior study that explored the influence of seasonal variations on the chemodiversity of secondary metabolites in nine bryophyte species. Here we reuse and extend the representative dataset with DDA-MS data. Hierarchical clustering, heatmaps, dbRDA, and ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD were used to determine relationships of the study factors species, seasons, and ecological characteristics. The tested bryophytes showed species-specific metabolic responses to seasonal variations (50% vs. 5% of explained variation). Marchantia polymorpha, Plagiomnium undulatum, and Polytrichum strictum were biochemically most diverse and unique. Flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids were upregulated in all bryophytes in the growing seasons. We identified ecological functioning of compound classes indicating light protection (flavonoids), biotic and pathogen interactions (sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids), low temperature and desiccation tolerance (glycosides, sesquiterpenoids, anthocyanins, lactones), and moss growth supporting anatomic structures (few methoxyphenols and cinnamic acids as part of proto-lignin constituents). The reusable bioinformatic framework of this study can differentiate species based on automated compound classification. Our study allows detailed insights into the ecological roles of biochemical constituents of bryophytes with regard to seasonal variations. We demonstrate that compound classification can be improved with adding constitutive reference spectra to existing spectral libraries. We also show that generalization on compound classes improves our understanding of molecular ecological functioning and can be used to generate new research hypotheses.
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210
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Environmental stimuli drive a transition from cooperation to competition in synthetic phototrophic communities. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2184-2191. [PMID: 31591554 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phototrophic communities of photosynthetic algae or cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria or fungi are pervasive throughout the environment1. How interactions between members contribute to the resilience and affect the fitness of phototrophic communities is not fully understood2,3. Here, we integrated metatranscriptomics, metabolomics and phenotyping with computational modelling to reveal condition-dependent secretion and cross-feeding of metabolites in a synthetic community. We discovered that interactions between members are highly dynamic and are driven by the availability of organic and inorganic nutrients. Environmental factors, such as ammonia concentration, influenced community stability by shifting members from collaborating to competing. Furthermore, overall fitness was dependent on genotype and streamlined genomes improved growth of the entire community. Our mechanistic framework provides insights into the physiology and metabolic response to environmental and genetic perturbation of these ubiquitous microbial associations.
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211
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The Therapeutic Potential of the Labdane Diterpenoid Forskolin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9194089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Forskolin is mainly found in the root of a plant called Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq., which has been used in the traditional medicine of Indian Ayurvedic and Southeast Asia since ancient times. Forskolin is responsible for the pharmacological activity of this species. Forskolin is a labdane diterpenoid with a wide biological effect. Several studies suggested a positive role of forskolin on heart complications, respiratory disorders, high blood pressure, obesity, and asthma. There are numerous clinical and pre-clinical studies representing the effect of forskolin on the above-mentioned disorders but more clinical studies need to be performed to support its efficacy.
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Patra AK, Park T, Braun HS, Geiger S, Pieper R, Yu Z, Aschenbach JR. Dietary Bioactive Lipid Compounds Rich in Menthol Alter Interactions Among Members of Ruminal Microbiota in Sheep. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2038. [PMID: 31551974 PMCID: PMC6738200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of two practically relevant doses of menthol-rich plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC) on fermentation, microbial community composition, and their interactions in sheep rumen. Twenty-four growing Suffolk sheep were divided into three treatments and were fed hay ad libitum plus 600 g/d of concentrate containing no PBLC (Control) or PBLC at low dose (80 mg/d; PBLC-L) or high dose (160 mg/d; PBLC-H). After 4 weeks on the diets, samples of ruminal digesta were collected and analyzed for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), ammonia, and microbiota; microbiota being analyzed in the solid and the liquid digesta fractions separately. Ruminal SCFA and ammonia concentrations were not affected by the PBLC treatments. The microbiota in the solid fraction was more diverse than that in the liquid fraction, and the relative abundance of most taxa differed between these two fractions. In the solid fraction, phylogenetic diversity increased linearly with increased PBLC doses, whereas evenness (lowest in PBLC-L) and Simpson diversity index (greatest in PBLC-H) changed quadratically. In the liquid fraction, however, the PBLC supplementation did not affect any of the microbial diversity measurements. Among phyla, Chloroflexi (highest in PBLC-L) and unclassified_bacteria (lowest in PBLC-L) were altered quadratically by PBLC. Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae (increased linearly), BS11 (increased in PBLC-L), Christensenellaceae (decreased in PBLC treatments), and Porphyromonadaceae (increased in PBLC treatments) were affected at the family level. Among genera, Butyrivibrio increased linearly in the solid fraction, YRC22 increased linearly in the liquid fraction, whereas Paludibacter increased and BF311 increased linearly with increasing doses of PBLC in both fractions. The PBLC treatments also lowered methanogens within the classes Thermoplasmata and Euryarchaeota. Correlation network analysis revealed positive and negative correlations among many microbial taxa. Differential network analysis showed that PBLC supplementation changed the correlation between some microbial taxa and SCFA. The majority of the predicted functional features were different between the solid and the liquid digesta fractions, whereas the PBLC treatments altered few of the predicted functional gene categories. Overall, dietary PBLC treatments had little influence on the ruminal fermentation and microbiota but affected the associations among some microbial taxa and SCFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan K. Patra
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Geiger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jörg R. Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Stratton CA, Hodgdon E, Rodriguez-Saona C, Shelton AM, Chen YH. Odors from phylogenetically-distant plants to Brassicaceae repel an herbivorous Brassica specialist. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10621. [PMID: 31337839 PMCID: PMC6650400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Specialist insect herbivores are constrained by highly specific odor recognition systems to accept suitable host plants. Given that odor recognition leads specialist insects to accept a limited range of plants, we hypothesized that phylogenetically distant plants produce odors that are physicochemically different from host odors and would be less attractive or even repellent to a specialist herbivore. We tested this hypothesis by examining behavioral and ovipositional responses of swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii, Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a specialist of brassicas, to broccoli sprayed with non-host essential oils. Specifically, we asked: (1) How do essential oils from different plant species influence host-seeking and oviposition behaviors of swede midge? (2) Do odors from non-host plants that are not phylogenetically related or physicochemically similar to host plants affect host-seeking or ovipositional behavior of swede midge? In oviposition assays, we found that non-host odors varied in their ability to modify female midge behavior and that phylogenetic relatedness was negatively correlated with larval density. In y-tube assays, we found that female midges most frequently avoided non-host odors that were more similar to brassica odors. Females were less likely to oviposit on or choose any treated host plants, but particularly avoided garlic, spearmint, thyme, eucalyptus lemon, and cinnamon bark treatments. Overall, we found that plant phylogenetic relatedness and odor similarity are related to repellency. Therefore, altering the diversity of plant odors by explicitly accounting for plant phylogenetic distance and odor similarity, relative to host plants, may be an important, underexploited tactic for sustainably managing challenging pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Stratton
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Vermont, 63 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Hodgdon
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Vermont, 63 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 96 Lipman Dr, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Anthony M Shelton
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 630 West North St, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Yolanda H Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Vermont, 63 Carrigan Dr, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Labarrere B, Prinzing A, Dorey T, Chesneau E, Hennion F. Variations of Secondary Metabolites among Natural Populations of Sub-Antarctic Ranunculus Species Suggest Functional Redundancy and Versatility. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E234. [PMID: 31331007 PMCID: PMC6681328 DOI: 10.3390/plants8070234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce a high diversity of metabolites which help them sustain environmental stresses and are involved in local adaptation. However, shaped by both the genome and the environment, the patterns of variation of the metabolome in nature are difficult to decipher. Few studies have explored the relative parts of geographical region versus environment or phenotype in metabolomic variability within species and none have discussed a possible effect of the region on the correlations between metabolites and environments or phenotypes. In three sub-Antarctic Ranunculus species, we examined the role of region in metabolite differences and in the relationship between individual compounds and environmental conditions or phenotypic traits. Populations of three Ranunculus species were sampled across similar environmental gradients in two distinct geographical regions in îles Kerguelen. Two metabolite classes were studied, amines (quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry) and flavonols (quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry). Depending on regions, the same environment or the same trait may be related to different metabolites, suggesting metabolite redundancy within species. In several cases, a given metabolite showed different or even opposite relations with the same environmental condition or the same trait across the two regions, suggesting metabolite versatility within species. Our results suggest that metabolites may be functionally redundant and versatile within species, both in their response to environments and in their relation with the phenotype. These findings open new perspectives for understanding evolutionary responses of plants to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Labarrere
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, OSUR, CNRS, Av du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, OSUR, CNRS, Av du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Dorey
- Institut für Systematische und Evolutionäre Botanik, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emeline Chesneau
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, OSUR, CNRS, Av du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Françoise Hennion
- UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, OSUR, CNRS, Av du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France.
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215
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Mawalagedera SMUP, Callahan DL, Gaskett AC, Rønsted N, Symonds MRE. Combining Evolutionary Inference and Metabolomics to Identify Plants With Medicinal Potential. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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216
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Guedes LM, Aguilera N, Ferreira BG, Riquelme S, Sáez-Carrillo K, Becerra J, Pérez C, Bustos E, Isaias RMS. Spatiotemporal variation in phenolic levels in galls of calophyids on Schinus polygama (Anacardiaceae). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:509-520. [PMID: 31250145 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The expression of plant secondary metabolism is strongly controlled by plant both in time and space. Although the variation of secondary metabolites, such as soluble and structural phenolics (e.g., lignins), has been largely observed in gall-inducing insects, and compared to their non-galled host organs, only a few datasets recording such variation are available. Accordingly, the relative importance of spatiotemporal variability in phenolic contents, and the influence of gall developmental stages on the original composition of host organs are poorly discussed. To address this knowledge gap, we histochemically determined the sites of polyphenol and lignin accumulation, and the polyphenol contents in three developmental stages of two calophyid galls and their correspondent host organs. Current results indicate that the compartmentalization of phenolics and lignins on Schinus polygama (Cav.) Cabrera follows a similar pattern in the two-calophyid galls, accumulating in the outer (the external tissue layers) and in the inner tissue compartments (the cell layers in contact with the gall chamber). The non-accumulation in the median compartment (median parenchyma layers of gall wall with vascular bundles, where gall inducer feeds) is important for the inducer, because its mouth apparatus enter in contact with the cells of this compartment. Also, the concentration of phenolics has opposite dynamics, decreasing in leaf galls and increasing in stem galls, in temporal scale, i.e., from maturation toward senescence. The concentration of phenolics in non-galled host organs, and in both galls indicated the extended phenotype of Calophya rubra (Blanchard) and C. mammifex Burckhardt & Basset (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea: Calophyidae) over the same host plant metabolic potentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubia M Guedes
- Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, CP 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Narciso Aguilera
- Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, CP 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bruno G Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Sebastián Riquelme
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Ave. Cordillera 2634, CP 4191996, Coronel, Chile
| | - Katia Sáez-Carrillo
- Departamento de Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, CP 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - José Becerra
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, CP 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, CP 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Evelyn Bustos
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, CP 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rosy M S Isaias
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-090, Brazil.
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217
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Allevato DM, Groppo M, Kiyota E, Mazzafera P, Nixon KC. Evolution of phytochemical diversity in Pilocarpus (Rutaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 163:132-146. [PMID: 31078082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of phytochemical diversity and biosynthetic pathways in plants can be evaluated from a phylogenetic and environmental perspective. Pilocarpus Vahl (Rutaceae), an economically important medicinal plant in the family Rutaceae, has a great diversity of imidazole alkaloids and coumarins. In this study, we used phylogenetic comparative methods to determine whether there is a phylogenetic signal for chemical traits across the genus Pilocarpus; this included ancestral reconstructions of continuous and discrete chemical traits. Bioclimatic variables found to be associated with the distribution of this genus were used to perform OLS regressions between chemical traits and bioclimatic variables. Next, these regression models were evaluated to test whether bioclimatic traits could significantly predict compound concentrations. Our study found that in terms of compound concentration, variation is most significantly associated with adaptive environmental convergence rather than phylogenetic relationships. The best predictive model of chemical traits was the OLS regression that modeled the relationship between coumarin and precipitation in the coldest quarter. However, we also found one chemical trait was dependent on phylogenetic history and bioclimatic factors. These findings emphasize that consideration of both environmental and phylogenetic factors is essential to tease out the intricate processes in the evolution of chemical diversity in plants. These methods can benefit fields such as conservation management, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella M Allevato
- Cornell University, L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Section of Plant Biology, School of Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Milton Groppo
- USP Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Kiyota
- UNICAMP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- UNICAMP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil; Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | - Kevin C Nixon
- Cornell University, L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Section of Plant Biology, School of Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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218
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Zidorn C. Plant chemophenetics - A new term for plant chemosystematics/plant chemotaxonomy in the macro-molecular era. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 163:147-148. [PMID: 30846237 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant chemosystematic or chemotaxonomic studies based purely on the profiles of small molecules have become obsolete as tools to study phylogenetic relationships of higher plants due to the advent of the much more powerful (macro-) molecular techniques and new methods of data analysis established in parallel to these techniques. A new term is herein proposed for the field of studies aimed at the exploitation of characteristic arrays of specialized natural products of plant taxa: plant chemophenetics. Chemophenetic studies as defined here are studies aimed at describing the array of specialized secondary metabolites in a given taxon. Thus, chemophenetic studies contribute to the phenetic description of taxa, similar to anatomical, morphological, and karyological approaches, which have already been recognized as of major importance for establishing "natural" systems, and which continue to be of the utmost importance for the description of organisms classified with the help of modern molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts- Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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219
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Lucchetti MA, Kilchenmann V, Glauser G, Praz C, Kast C. Nursing protects honeybee larvae from secondary metabolites of pollen. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2849. [PMID: 29563265 PMCID: PMC5897640 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen of many plants contains toxic secondary compounds, sometimes in concentrations higher than those found in the flowers or leaves. The ecological significance of these compounds remains unclear, and their impact on bees is largely unexplored. Here, we studied the impact of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) found in the pollen of Echium vulgare on honeybee adults and larvae. Echimidine, a PA present in E. vulgare pollen, was isolated and added to the honeybee diets in order to perform toxicity bioassays. While adult bees showed relatively high tolerance to PAs, larvae were much more sensitive. In contrast to other bees, the honeybee larval diet typically contains only traces of pollen and consists predominantly of hypopharyngeal and mandibular secretions produced by nurse bees, which feed on large quantities of pollen-containing bee bread. We quantified the transfer of PAs to nursing secretions produced by bees that had previously consumed bee bread supplemented with PAs. The PA concentration in these secretions was reduced by three orders of magnitude as compared to the PA content in the nurse diet and was well below the toxicity threshold for larvae. Our results suggest that larval nursing protects honeybee larvae from the toxic effect of secondary metabolites of pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo A Lucchetti
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Verena Kilchenmann
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaetan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Praz
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Kast
- Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
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220
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Gaubert J, Greff S, Thomas OP, Payri CE. Metabolomic variability of four macroalgal species of the genus Lobophora using diverse approaches. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:165-172. [PMID: 30925377 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Among comparative metabolomic studies used in marine sciences, only few of them are dedicated to macroalgae despite their ecological importance in marine ecosystems. Therefore, experimental data are needed to assess the scopes and limitations of different metabolomic techniques applied to macroalgal models. Species of the genus Lobophora belong to marine brown algae (Family: Dictyotaceae) and are widely distributed, especially in tropical coral reefs. The species richness of this genus has only been unveiled recently and it includes species of diverse morphologies and habitats, with some species interacting with corals. This study aims to assess the potential of different metabolomic fingerprinting approaches in the discrimination of four well known Lobophora species (L. rosacea, L. sonderii, L. obscura and L. monticola). These species present distinct morphologies and are found in various habitats in the New Caledonian lagoon (South-Western Pacific). We compared and combined different untargeted metabolomic techniques: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gas chromatography (GC-MS). Metabolomic separations were observed between each Lobophora species, with significant differences according to the techniques used. LC-MS was the best approach for metabotype distinction but a combination of approaches was also useful and allowed identification of chemomarkers for some species. These comparisons provide important data on the use of metabolomic approaches in the Lobophora genus and will pave the way for further studies on the sources of metabolomic variations for this ecologically important macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France; UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, B.P. A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Stéphane Greff
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), UMR 7263 CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, Station Marine d'Endoume, rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Claude E Payri
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, B.P. A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France.
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221
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Banerji A, Bagley MJ, Shoemaker JA, Tettenhorst DR, Nietch CT, Allen HJ, Santo Domingo JW. Evaluating putative ecological drivers of microcystin spatiotemporal dynamics using metabarcoding and environmental data. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:84-95. [PMID: 31358280 PMCID: PMC7877229 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin of global concern. Understanding the environmental factors that cause high concentrations of microcystin is crucial to the development of lake management strategies that minimize harmful exposures. While the literature is replete with studies linking cyanobacterial production of microcystin to changes in various nutrients, abiotic stressors, grazers, and competitors, no single biotic or abiotic factor has been shown to be reliably predictive of microcystin concentrations in complex ecosystems. We performed random forest regression analyses with 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing data and environmental data to determine which putative ecological drivers best explained spatiotemporal variation in total microcystin and several individual congeners in a eutrophic freshwater reservoir. Model performance was best for predicting concentrations of the congener MC-LR, with ca. 88% of spatiotemporal variance explained. Most of the variance was associated with changes in the relative abundance of the cyanobacterial genus Microcystis. Follow-up RF regression analyses revealed that factors that were the most important in predicting MC-LR were also the most important in predicting Microcystis population dynamics. We discuss how these results relate to prevailing ecological hypotheses regarding the function of microcystin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banerji
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - M J Bagley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - J A Shoemaker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - D R Tettenhorst
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - C T Nietch
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | - H J Allen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
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222
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Kang KB, Ernst M, van der Hooft JJJ, da Silva RR, Park J, Medema MH, Sung SH, Dorrestein PC. Comprehensive mass spectrometry-guided phenotyping of plant specialized metabolites reveals metabolic diversity in the cosmopolitan plant family Rhamnaceae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 98:1134-1144. [PMID: 30786088 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a myriad of specialized metabolites to overcome their sessile habit and combat biotic as well as abiotic stresses. Evolution has shaped the diversity of specialized metabolites, which then drives many other aspects of plant biodiversity. However, until recently, large-scale studies investigating the diversity of specialized metabolites in an evolutionary context have been limited by the impossibility of identifying chemical structures of hundreds to thousands of compounds in a time-feasible manner. Here we introduce a workflow for large-scale, semi-automated annotation of specialized metabolites and apply it to over 1000 metabolites of the cosmopolitan plant family Rhamnaceae. We enhance the putative annotation coverage dramatically, from 2.5% based on spectral library matches alone to 42.6% of total MS/MS molecular features, extending annotations from well-known plant compound classes into dark plant metabolomics. To gain insights into substructural diversity within this plant family, we also extract patterns of co-occurring fragments and neutral losses, so-called Mass2Motifs, from the dataset; for example, only the Ziziphoid clade developed the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, whereas the Rhamnoid clade predominantly developed diversity in flavonoid glycosides, including 7-O-methyltransferase activity. Our workflow provides the foundations for the automated, high-throughput chemical identification of massive metabolite spaces, and we expect it to revolutionize our understanding of plant chemoevolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo R da Silva
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Junha Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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223
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Ouassou M, Mukhaimar M, El Amrani A, Kroymann J, Chauveau O. [Biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates and ecological role of secondary modification pathways]. C R Biol 2019; 342:58-80. [PMID: 31088733 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Indole glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites derived from the amino acid tryptophan. They are part of a large group of sulfur-containing molecules almost exclusively found among Brassicales, which include the mustard family (Brassicaceae) with many edible plant species of major nutritional importance. These compounds mediate numerous interactions between these plants and their natural enemies and are therefore of major biological and economical interest. This literature review aims at taking stock of recent advances of our knowledge about the biosynthetic pathways of indole glucosinolates, but also about the defense strategies and ecological processes involving these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ouassou
- Unité « Écologie, systématique et évolution », UMR 8079, université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Maroc
| | - Maisara Mukhaimar
- National Agricultural Research Center (NARC)-Jenin/Gaza, Ministry of Agriculture, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Amal El Amrani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Maroc
| | - Juergen Kroymann
- Unité « Écologie, systématique et évolution », UMR 8079, université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Olivier Chauveau
- Unité « Écologie, systématique et évolution », UMR 8079, université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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225
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Henz Ryen A, Backlund A. Charting Angiosperm Chemistry: Evolutionary Perspective on Specialized Metabolites Reflected in Chemical Property Space. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:798-812. [PMID: 30912945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess an outstanding chemical diversity of specialized metabolites developed to adapt to environmental niches and increase fitness. The observed diversity is hypothesized to result from various evolutionary mechanisms, such as the continuous branching off and extension of existing biosynthetic pathways or enhanced levels of catalytic promiscuity in certain enzymes. In this study, ChemGPS-NP has been employed to chart the distribution and diversity of physicochemical properties for selected types of specialized metabolites from the angiosperms. Utilizing these charts, it is analyzed how different properties of various types of specialized metabolites change in different plant groups, and the chemical diversity from the volume they occupy in chemical property space is evaluated. In this context, possible underlying evolutionary mechanisms are discussed, which could explain the observed distribution and behavior in chemical property space. Based on these studies, it is demonstrated that evolutionary processes in plant specialized metabolism and the resultant metabolic diversification are reflected in chemical property space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Henz Ryen
- Research Group for Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Uppsala University , BMC, Box 574, S-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anders Backlund
- Research Group for Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Uppsala University , BMC, Box 574, S-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
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Transcriptional response of grapevine to infection with the fungal pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5387. [PMID: 30926851 PMCID: PMC6441073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41796-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dieback on the grapevine is caused by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, which threatens the yield and quality of grapes. At present, chemical control strategies are often observed to be ineffective in controlling the disease worldwide. Improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that confer resistance to pathogens would facilitate the development of more pathogen-tolerant grape varieties. Here, we used RNA sequencing analysis to profile the transcriptome of grapevine green shoots infected with Lasiodiplodia theobromae over a time course of 4, 8 and 12 hours post inoculation. A total of 5181 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and DEGs were more abundant over time. Further analysis revealed that many of these DEGs are involved in plant-pathogen interactions, hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting that innate immunity, phytohormone signaling and many phenylpropanoid compounds, which constitute a complex defense network in plants, are involved in the response of grapevine against to L. theobromae infection. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions that will be valuable for the genetic improvement of grapevines.
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228
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Tian X, Fang X, Huang JQ, Wang LJ, Mao YB, Chen XY. A gossypol biosynthetic intermediate disturbs plant defence response. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180319. [PMID: 30967019 PMCID: PMC6367145 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis have attracted great interest, but investigations of the activities of hidden intermediates remain rare. Gossypol and related sesquiterpenes are the major phytoalexins in cotton. Among the six biosynthetic intermediates recently identified, 8-hydroxy-7-keto-δ-cadinene (C234) crippled the plant disease resistance when accumulated upon gene silencing. C234 harbours an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl thus is a reactive electrophile species. Here, we show that C234 application also dampened the Arabidopsis resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ( Psm). We treated Arabidopsis with C234, Psm and ( Psm+C234), and analysed the leaf transcriptomes. While C234 alone exerted a mild effect, it greatly stimulated an over-response to the pathogen. Of the 7335 genes affected in the ( Psm+C234)-treated leaves, 3476 were unresponsive without the chemical, in which such functional categories as 'nucleotides transport', 'vesicle transport', 'MAP kinases', 'G-proteins', 'protein assembly and cofactor ligation' and 'light reaction' were enriched, suggesting that C234 disturbed certain physiological processes and the protein complex assembly, leading to distorted defence response and decreased disease resistance. As C234 is efficiently metabolized by CYP71BE79, plants of cotton lineage have evolved a highly active enzyme to prevent the phytotoxic intermediate accumulation during gossypol pathway evolution. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Quan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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De Vargas W, Fortuna-Perez AP, Lewis GP, Piva TC, Vatanparast M, Machado SR. Ultrastructure and secretion of glandular trichomes in species of subtribe Cajaninae Benth (Leguminosae, Phaseoleae). PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:431-445. [PMID: 30203160 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The subtribe Cajaninae of papilionoid legumes has a pantropical distribution and comprises approximately 490 species. These species have diversified throughout dry environments where there are high temperatures and strong light. The subtribe stands out because all its representatives have vesicular glands. In addition, bulbous-based and capitate trichomes are important secretory structures present in all genera of the Cajaninae. We analyzed the ultrastructure and histochemistry of these glandular trichome types in leaflets of the three species of the subtribe. Using transmission electron microscopy and histochemical analyses, we link the glandular secretions to subcellular structures. We here report for the first time the type of exudate and ultrastructure of the glands of subtribe Cajaninae. Terpenoids and phenolics were confirmed by histochemistry tests, and we observed that the organelles responsible for biosynthesis of oils are the most representative in these glands. Each glandular trichome showed particular ultrastructural features compatible with the compounds produced. We suggest that these glandular trichomes, with their respective exudates, act in defense against herbivory and against possible damage by ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderleia De Vargas
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Fortuna-Perez
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Gwilym Peter Lewis
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Tayeme Cristina Piva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Vatanparast
- US National Herbarium (US), Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution-NMNH, MRC 166, 10th and Constitution Ave, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Silvia Rodrigues Machado
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
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Erb TJ. Back to the future: Why we need enzymology to build a synthetic metabolism of the future. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:551-557. [PMID: 30873239 PMCID: PMC6404388 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biology is turning from an analytical into a synthetic discipline. This is especially apparent in the field of metabolic engineering, where the concept of synthetic metabolism has been recently developed. Compared to classical metabolic engineering efforts, synthetic metabolism aims at creating novel metabolic networks in a rational fashion from bottom-up. However, while the theoretical design of synthetic metabolic networks has made tremendous progress, the actual realization of such synthetic pathways is still lacking behind. This is mostly because of our limitations in enzyme discovery and engineering to provide the parts required to build synthetic metabolism. Here I discuss the current challenges and limitations in synthetic metabolic engineering and elucidate how modern day enzymology can help to build a synthetic metabolism of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Erb
- Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry & Synthetic Metabolism, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Marburg, Germany
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Kordan B, Stec K, Slominski P, Laszczak-Dawid A, Wróblewska-Kurdyk A, Gabrys B. Antixenosis Potential in Pulses Against the Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:465-474. [PMID: 30395246 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the acceptability of 14 species, varieties, and cultivars of grain legumes (Fabales: Fabaceae) to the pea aphid, by investigating the aphid probing behavior using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique. Phaseolus coccineus L. 'Felicia', Pisum sativum L. 'Medal', P. sativum arvense (L.) Poir. 'Fidelia' and 'Hubal', and Vicia faba L. 'Dragon' are highly susceptible, with no antixenosis potential against Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae): aphid probing and feeding activities were not impeded. Lathyrus sativus L. 'Derek', Lupinus luteus L.'Perkoz', Vicia faba minor Beck. 'Sonet' are moderately susceptible to A. pisum infestation, with minor antixenosis potential and with antixenosis factors in non-phloem tissues. Aphids on these plants had difficulty to attain the phloem phase and phloem sap ingestion phase. During phloem phase, ingestion lasted for long periods of time. Lens culinaris Medik. 'Green' and Phaseolus vulgaris L. 'Boruta' are moderately susceptible to A. pisum infestation, with minor antixenosis potential and with antixenosis factors in the phloem. Behavior of aphids during pre-phloem phase was similar to that on highly susceptible plants but individual phloem phases and sap ingestion phases were short and contained a high proportion of watery salivation. Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Aldana', L. angustifolius L. 'Boruta', P. coccineus 'Rothbluende', and P. vulgaris 'Mamut' are highly resistant to A. pisum infestation, with high antixenosis potential and with strong antixenosis factors in non-phloem tissues: aphid probing time was shortened, non-probing intervals between probes were long, and the success rate in reaching phloem phase was very low or none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kordan
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Prawochenskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stec
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Pawel Slominski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Prawochenskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Laszczak-Dawid
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Prawochenskiego, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Wróblewska-Kurdyk
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Beata Gabrys
- Department of Botany and Ecology, University of Zielona Góra, Szafrana, Zielona Góra, Poland
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Gaubert J, Payri CE, Vieira C, Solanki H, Thomas OP. High metabolic variation for seaweeds in response to environmental changes: a case study of the brown algae Lobophora in coral reefs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:993. [PMID: 30700781 PMCID: PMC6353962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the marine environment, macroalgae face changing environmental conditions and some species are known for their high capacity to adapt to the new factors of their ecological niche. Some macroalgal metabolites play diverse ecological functions and belong to the adaptive traits of such species. Because algal metabolites are involved in many processes that shape marine biodiversity, understanding their sources of variation and regulation is therefore of utmost relevance. This work aims at exploring the possible sources of metabolic variations with time and space of four common algal species from the genus Lobophora (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) in the New Caledonian lagoon using a UHPLC-HRMS metabolomic fingerprinting approach. While inter-specific differences dominated, a high variability of the metabolome was noticed for each species when changing their natural habitats and types of substrates. Fatty acids derivatives and polyolefins were identified as chemomarkers of these changing conditions. The four seaweeds metabolome also displayed monthly variations over the 13-months survey and a significant correlation was made with sea surface temperature and salinity. This study highlights a relative plasticity for the metabolome of Lobophora species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France.
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, B.P. A5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France.
| | - Claude E Payri
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, UR, CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, B.P. A5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Christophe Vieira
- Phycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S8), 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hiren Solanki
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Olivier P Thomas
- Marine Biodiscovery, School of Chemistry and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), University Road, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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Mayo-Prieto S, Marra R, Vinale F, Rodríguez-González Á, Woo SL, Lorito M, Gutiérrez S, Casquero PA. Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E549. [PMID: 30696057 PMCID: PMC6387467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legume crops worldwide that is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani. Biological control represents an effective alternative method for the use of conventional synthetic chemical pesticides for crop protection. Trichoderma spp. have been successfully used in agriculture both to control fungal diseases and to promote plant growth. The response of the plant to the invasion of fungi activates defensive resistance responses by inducing the expression of genes and producing secondary metabolites. The purpose of this work was to analyze the changes in the bean metabolome that occur during its interaction with pathogenic (R. solani) and antagonistic (T. velutinum) fungi. In this work, 216 compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis but only 36 were noted as significantly different in the interaction in comparison to control plants and they were tentatively characterized. These compounds were classified as: two amino acids, three peptides, one carbohydrate, one glycoside, one fatty acid, two lipids, 17 flavonoids, four phenols and four terpenes. This work is the first attempt to determine how the presence of T. velutinum and/or R. solani affect the defense response of bean plants using untargeted metabolomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mayo-Prieto
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Roberta Marra
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez-González
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Sheridan Lewis Woo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Área de Microbiología, Escuela de Ingeniería Agraria y Forestal, Universidad de León, Campus de Ponferrada, Avenida Astorga s/n, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain.
| | - Pedro A Casquero
- Grupo Universitario de Investigación en Ingeniería y Agricultura Sostenible (GUIIAS), Instituto de Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Biodiversidad, Universidad de León, Avenida Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
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234
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Gerasymenko I, Sheludko Y, Fräbel S, Staniek A, Warzecha H. Combinatorial biosynthesis of small molecules in plants: Engineering strategies and tools. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:413-442. [PMID: 30784411 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biosynthetic capacity of plants, rooted in a near inexhaustible supply of photosynthetic energy and founded upon an intricate matrix of metabolic networks, makes them versatile chemists producing myriad specialized compounds. Along with tremendous success in elucidation of several plant biosynthetic routes, their reestablishment in heterologous hosts has been a hallmark of recent bioengineering endeavors. However, current efforts in the field are, in the main, aimed at grafting the pathways to fermentable recipient organisms, like bacteria or yeast. Conversely, while harboring orthologous metabolic trails, select plant species now emerge as viable vehicles for mobilization and engineering of complex biosynthetic pathways. Their distinctive features, like intricate cell compartmentalization and formation of specialized production and storage structures on tissue and organ level, make plants an especially promising chassis for the manufacture of considerable amounts of high-value natural small molecules. Inspired by the fundamental tenets of synthetic biology, capitalizing on the versatility of the transient plant transformation system, and drawing on the unique compartmentation of plant cells, we explore combinatorial approaches affording production of natural and new-to-nature, bespoke chemicals of potential importance. Here, we focus on the transient engineering of P450 monooxygenases, alone or in concert with other orthogonal catalysts, like tryptophan halogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Gerasymenko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yuriy Sheludko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Fräbel
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Agata Staniek
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Heribert Warzecha
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Quirós-Guerrero L, Albertazzi F, Araya-Valverde E, Romero RM, Villalobos H, Poveda L, Chavarría M, Tamayo-Castillo G. Phenolic variation among Chamaecrista nictitans subspecies and varieties revealed through UPLC-ESI(-)-MS/MS chemical fingerprinting. Metabolomics 2019; 15:14. [PMID: 30830463 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Comparative analysis of metabolic features of plants has a high potential for determination of quality control of active ingredients, ecological or chemotaxonomic purposes. Specifically, the development of efficient and rapid analytical tools that allow the differentiation among species, subspecies and varieties of plants is a relevant issue. Here we describe a multivariate model based on LC-MS/MS fingerprinting capable of discriminating between subspecies and varieties of the medicinal plant Chamaecrista nictitans, a rare distributed species in Costa Rica. METHODS Determination of the chemical fingerprint was carried out on a LC-MS (ESI-QTOF) in negative ionization mode, main detected and putatively identified compounds included proanthocyanidin oligomers, several flavonoid C- and O-glycosides, and flavonoid acetates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and cluster analysis of chemical profiles were performed. RESULTS Our method showed a clear discrimination between the subspecies and varieties of Chamaecrista nictitans, separating the samples into four fair differentiated groups: M1 = C. nictitans ssp. patellaria; M2 = C. nictitans ssp. disadena; M3 = C. nictitans ssp. nictitans var. jaliscensis and M4 = C. nictitans ssp. disadena var. pilosa. LC-MS/MS fingerprint data was validated using both morphological characters and DNA barcoding with ITS2 region. The comparison of the morphological characters against the chemical profiles and DNA barcoding shows a 63% coincidence, evidencing the morphological similarity in C. nictitans. On the other hand, genetic data and chemical profiles grouped all samples in a similar pattern, validating the functionality of our metabolomic approach. CONCLUSION The metabolomic method described in this study allows a reliably differentiation between subspecies and varieties of C. nictitans using a straightforward protocol that lacks extensive purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Quirós-Guerrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Federico Albertazzi
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Emanuel Araya-Valverde
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENiBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San Jose, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica
| | - Rosaura M Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Heidy Villalobos
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Poveda
- Herbario Juvenal Valerio Rodríguez, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENiBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San Jose, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Giselle Tamayo-Castillo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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Royo VA, de Freitas JL, França F, Chaves M, Menezes E, De Melo Júnior A, De Oliveira D, Almeida C, Teixeira K, Brandão M. Chromatographic profiles, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicity potential of extracts of Banisteriopsis pubipetala (A. Juss). Pharmacognosy Res 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_71_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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237
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Mei YD, Li HB, Pang QQ, Li T, Pan DB, Dai Y, Qin DP, Meng H, Yao XS, Yu Y. Lonimacranaldes A–C, three iridoids with novel skeletons from Lonicera macranthoides. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22011-22016. [PMID: 35518883 PMCID: PMC9066900 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04029c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonimacranaldes A and B (1 and 2), along with one biogenetically related intermediate, lonimacranalde C (3), were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides. Characterized by an iridoid structure and an additional C-6 unit with an aldehyde group, compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of hybrid iridoids possessing an unexpected 6/5/6 fused tricyclic ring system, while compound 3 serves as an important precursor for their generation. The structures of lonimacranaldes A–C (1–3) were revealed by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analyses. A plausible biogenetic pathway for them was proposed. Compound 3 showed anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting the production of IL-6 on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 6.33 μM. Lonimacranaldes A and B (1 and 2), along with one biogenetically related intermediate, lonimacranalde C (3), were isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides.![]()
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Castillo-Mendoza E, Salinas-Sánchez D, Valencia-Cuevas L, Zamilpa A, Tovar-Sánchez E. Natural hybridisation among Quercus glabrescens, Q. rugosa and Q. obtusata (Fagaceae): Microsatellites and secondary metabolites markers. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:110-121. [PMID: 30117248 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridisation has significant ecological, genetic and evolutionary consequences altering morphological and chemical characters of individuals. Quercus glabrescens, Q. rugosa and Q. obtusata are white oak species well separated by their morphological characters when they occur in allopatry in Mexican temperate forests. However, in sympatry, individuals with atypical morphology have been observed, suggesting hybridisation events. In this study, we determined, with microsatellites and secondary metabolites, if interspecific gene flow occurs when these three oak species coexist in sympatry. In total, 180 individuals belonging to seven populations [three allopatric (one for each parental species) and four sympatric sites] were analysed. Allopatric populations represent well-defined genetic groups and the sympatric populations showed genetic evidence of hybridisation between Q. glabrescens × Q. rugosa and Q. glabrescens × Q. obtusata. The hybridisation percentage varied between sites and combination of involved species. We registered the presence of unique flavonoid compounds for Q. glabrescens (caffeic acid and flavonol 2), Q. rugosa (flavonol 5) and Q. obtusata (flavonol 1). Three compounds (quercetin rhamnoside, flavonol 3 and alkyl coumarate) were expressed in all taxa. Finally, the hybrid genotypes identified in this study (Q. glabrescens × Q. rugosa and Q. glabrescens × Q. obtusata) showed specific chemical profiles, resulting from a combination of those of their parental species. These results show that hybridisation events between these oak species alter chemical expression of secondary metabolites, creating a mosaic of resources and conditions that provide the substrate for different combinations of foliar-associated species such as herbivores, endophytic fungi or epiphyte plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castillo-Mendoza
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CdMx, México
- Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - D Salinas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - L Valencia-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - A Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur (CIBIS-IMSS), Xochitepec, Morelos, México
| | - E Tovar-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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239
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Schieber A. Reactions of Quinones-Mechanisms, Structures, and Prospects for Food Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13051-13055. [PMID: 30472845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of plant phenolics leads to quinones, which are unstable intermediates that may react with nucleophiles. Quinones play an important role in the enzymatic browning of fruits and vegetables and may form covalent adducts with amino acids, peptides, and proteins. These reactions may alter both the physicochemical and immunological properties of food proteins. Quinones trap odoriferous compounds and contribute to the formation of aroma compounds through Strecker degradation of amino acids. Oxidative dimerization of chlorogenic acids in the presence of amino acids leads to the formation of green benzacridines, which are a promising alternative to chlorophylls as food colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology , University of Bonn , Endenicher Allee 19b , D-53115 Bonn , Germany
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240
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Foutami IJ, Mariager T, Rinnan R, Barnes CJ, Rønsted N. Hundred Fifty Years of Herbarium Collections Provide a Reliable Resource of Volatile Terpenoid Profiles Showing Strong Species Effect in Four Medicinal Species of Salvia Across the Mediterranean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1877. [PMID: 30619429 PMCID: PMC6305373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Herbarium samples are increasingly being recognized for their potential in answering a wide range of research questions. However, the suitability of herbarium samples for chemical analysis is largely unexplored as they are thought to be too degraded. The aim of this study was to explore terpenoid profiles across time and geographic space for four medicinal species of Salvia across the Mediterranean to assess the suitability of using herbarium specimens in chemical analyses. Herbarium samples of Salvia aethiopis, S. multicaulis, S. officinalis, and S. sclarea collected over 150 years across the Mediterranean were compared to modern samples using both targeted and untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of terpene profiles. There was no effect of collection year on chemical composition, although the total concentration of the 20 assessed standards and two individual standards significantly decreased over time. Instead, chemical profiles were defined by species, with strong species effects identified on both the targeted and untargeted chemical composition. Geographic variation was a factor in regulating the untargeted chemical compositions, suggesting some underlying environmental effects. However, there was no effect of sample altitude on either the targeted or untargeted chemical compositions. Chemical composition of four Salvia species are predominantly defined by species, and there was a substantially smaller effect of year of sampling. Given these results herbarium collections may well represent a considerably underused resource for chemical analyses that can benefit biodiversity and other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Jafari Foutami
- Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Trine Mariager
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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241
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Lascano S, Lopez M, Arimondo PB. Natural Products and Chemical Biology Tools: Alternatives to Target Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancers. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1854-1876. [PMID: 30537358 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone acetylation are widely studied epigenetic modifications. They are involved in numerous pathologies such as cancer, neurological disease, inflammation, obesity, etc. Since the discovery of the epigenome, numerous compounds have been developed to reverse DNA methylation and histone acetylation aberrant profile in diseases. Among them several were inspired by Nature and have a great interest as therapeutic molecules. In the quest of finding new ways to target epigenetic mechanisms, the use of chemical tools is a powerful strategy to better understand epigenetic mechanisms in biological systems. In this review we will present natural products reported as DNMT or HDAC inhibitors for anticancer treatments. We will then discuss the use of chemical tools that have been used in order to explore the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Lascano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France
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242
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Ahmad L, He Y, Semotiuk AJ, Liu QR, Hao JC. Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the tribe Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae) from Pan-Himalaya and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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243
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Hannemann L, Lucaciu CR, Sharma S, Rattei T, Mayer KFX, Gierl A, Frey M. A promiscuous beta-glucosidase is involved in benzoxazinoid deglycosylation in Lamium galeobdolon. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 156:224-233. [PMID: 30336442 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the plant kingdom beta-glucosidases (BGLUs) of the glycosidase hydrolase family 1 have essential function in primary metabolism and are particularly employed in secondary metabolism. They are essential for activation in two-component defence systems based on stabilisation of reactive compounds by glycosylation. Based on de novo assembly we isolated and functionally characterised BGLUs expressed in leaves of Lamium galeobdolon (LgGLUs). LgGLU1 could be assigned to hydrolysis of the benzoxazinoid GDIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside). Within the Lamiaceae L. galeobdolon is distinguished by the presence GDIBOA in addition to the more common iridoid harpagide. Although LgGLU1 proved to be promiscuous with respect to accepted substrates, harpagide hydrolysis was not detected. Benzoxazinoids are characteristic defence compounds of the Poales but are also found in some unrelated dicots. The benzoxazinoid specific BGLUs have recently been identified for the grasses maize, wheat, rye and the Ranunculaceae Consolida orientalis. All enzymes share a general substrate ambiguity but differ in detailed substrate pattern. The isolation of the second dicot GDIBOA glucosidase LgGLU1 allowed it to analyse the phylogenetic relation of the distinct BGLUs also within dicots. The data revealed long periods of independent sequence evolution before speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hannemann
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Calin Rares Lucaciu
- Division of Computational Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Division of Computational Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14 A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Germany.
| | - Alfons Gierl
- Chair of Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 8, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Monika Frey
- Chair of Plant Breeding, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
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244
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Nguyen-Vo TH, Le T, Pham D, Nguyen T, Le P, Nguyen A, Nguyen T, Nguyen TN, Nguyen V, Do H, Trinh K, Duong HT, Le L. VIETHERB: A Database for Vietnamese Herbal Species. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 59:1-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Hoang Nguyen-Vo
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tri Le
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duy Pham
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tri Nguyen
- School of Computer Science, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Le
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - An Nguyen
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thien-Ngan Nguyen
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Nguyen
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Do
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khang Trinh
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Trong Duong
- School of Computer Science, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ly Le
- Computational Biology Center, International University—VNU, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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245
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Pellicer J, Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Carrió E, Ernst M, Garnatje T, Grace OM, Gras A, Mumbrú M, Vallès J, Vitales D, Rønsted N. A phylogenetic road map to antimalarial Artemisia species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:1-9. [PMID: 29936053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The discovery of the antimalarial agent artemisinin is considered one of the most significant success stories of ethnopharmacological research in recent times. The isolation of artemisinin was inspired by the use of Artemisia annua in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2015. Antimalarial activity has since been demonstrated for a range of other Artemisia species, suggesting that the genus could provide alternative sources of antimalarial treatments. Given the stunning diversity of the genus (c. 500 species), a prioritisation of taxa to be investigated for their likely antimalarial properties is required. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we use a phylogenetic approach to explore the potential for identifying species more likely to possess antimalarial properties. Ethnobotanical data from literature reports is recorded for 117 species. Subsequent phylogenetically informed analysis was used to identify lineages in which there is an overrepresentation of species used to treat malarial symptoms, and which could therefore be high priority for further investigation of antimalarial activity. RESULTS We show that these lineages indeed include several species with documented antimalarial activity. To further inform our approach, we use LC-MS/MS analysis to explore artemisinin content in fifteen species from both highlighted and not highlighted lineages. We detected artemisinin in nine species, in eight of them for the first time, doubling the number of Artemisia taxa known to content this molecule. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that artemisinin may be widespread across the genus, providing an accessible local resource outside the distribution area of Artemisia annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Pellicer
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - C Haris Saslis-Lagoudakis
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Esperança Carrió
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia sn, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Olwen M Grace
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3AE, United Kingdom
| | - Airy Gras
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Màrius Mumbrú
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Vallès
- Laboratori de Botànica - Unitat associada CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia sn, 08038 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark.
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Almeida MC, Pina ES, Hernandes C, Zingaretti SM, Taleb-Contini SH, Salimena FRG, Slavov SN, Haddad SK, França SC, Pereira AMS, Bertoni BW. Genetic diversity and chemical variability of Lippia spp. (Verbenaceae). BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:725. [PMID: 30314442 PMCID: PMC6186075 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Lippia comprises 150 species, most of which have interesting medicinal properties. Lippia sidoides (syn. L. origanoides) exhibits strong antimicrobial activity and is included in the phytotherapy program implemented by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Since species of Lippia are morphologically very similar, conventional taxonomic methods are sometimes insufficient for the unambiguous identification of plant material that is required for the production of certified phytomedicines. Therefore, genetic and chemical analysis with chemotype identification will contribute to a better characterization of Lippia species. Methods Amplified Length Polymorphism and Internal Transcribed Spacer molecular markers were applied to determine the plants’ genetic variability, and the chemical variability of Lippia spp. was determined by essential oil composition. Results Amplified Length Polymorphism markers were efficient in demonstrating the intra and inter-specific genetic variability of the genus and in separating the species L. alba, L. lupulina and L. origanoides into distinct groups. Phylogenetic analysis using Amplified Length Polymorphism and markers produced similar results and confirmed that L. alba and L. lupulina shared a common ancestor that differ from L. origanoides. Carvacrol, endo-fenchol and thymol were the most relevant chemical descriptors. Conclusion Based on the phylogenetic analysis it is proposed that L. grata should be grouped within L. origanoides due to its significant genetic similarity. Although Amplified Length Polymorphism and Internal Transcribed Spacer markers enabled the differentiation of individuals, the genotype selection for the production of certified phytomedicines must also consider the chemotype classification that reflects their real medicinal properties. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3839-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene C Almeida
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ediedia S Pina
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Hernandes
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Zingaretti
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia H Taleb-Contini
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fátima R G Salimena
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav N Slavov
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone K Haddad
- Hemocentro de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzelei C França
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana M S Pereira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca W Bertoni
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Methyl Jasmonate Changes the Composition and Distribution Rather than the Concentration of Defence Compounds: a Study on Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. J Chem Ecol 2018; 45:136-145. [PMID: 30284188 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application on pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) concentration and composition of two closely related Jacobaea species. In addition, we examined whether MeJA application affected herbivory of the polyphagous leaf feeding herbivore Spodoptera exigua. A range of concentrations of MeJA was added to the medium of Jacobaea vulgaris and J. aquatica tissue culture plants grown under axenic conditions. PA concentrations were measured in roots and shoots using LC-MS/MS. In neither species MeJA application did affect the total PA concentration at the whole plant level. In J. vulgaris the total PA concentration decreased in roots but increased in shoots. In J. aquatica a similar non-significant trend was observed. In both Jacobaea species MeJA application induced a strong shift from senecionine- to erucifoline-like PAs, while the jacobine- and otosenine-like PAs remained largely unaffected. The results show that MeJA application does not necessarily elicits de novo synthesis, but rather leads to PA conversion combined with reallocation of certain PAs from roots to shoots. S. exigua preferred feeding on control leaves of J. aquatica over MeJA treated leaves, while for J. vulgaris both the control and MeJA treated leaves were hardly eaten. This suggests that the MeJA-induced increase of erucifoline-like PAs can play a role in resistance of J. aquatica to S. exigua. In J. vulgaris resistance to S. exigua may already be high due to the presence of jacobine-like PAs or other resistance factors.
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248
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Liu X, Vrieling K, Klinkhamer PGL. Phytochemical Background Mediates Effects of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Western Flower Thrips. J Chem Ecol 2018; 45:116-127. [PMID: 30221331 PMCID: PMC6469620 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce an extremely diverse array of metabolites that mediate many aspects of plant-environment interactions. In the context of plant-herbivore interactions, it is as yet poorly understood how natural backgrounds shape the bioactivity of individual metabolites. We tested the effects of a methanol extract of Jacobaea plants and five fractions derived from this extract, on survival of western flower thrips (WFT). When added to an artificial diet, the five fractions all resulted in a higher WFT survival rate than the methanol extract. In addition, their expected combined effect on survival, assuming no interaction between them, was lower than that of the methanol extract. The bioactivity was restored when the fractions were combined again in their original proportion. These results strongly suggest synergistic interactions among the fractions on WFT survival rates. We then tested the effects of two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), free base retrorsine and retrorsine N-oxide, alone and in combination with the five shoot fractions on WFT survival. The magnitude of the effects of the two PAs depended on the fraction to which they were added. In general, free base retrorsine was more potent than retrorsine N-oxide, but this was contingent on the fraction to which these compounds were added. Our results support the commonly held, though seldom tested, notion that the efficacy of plant metabolites with respect to plant defence is dependent on their phytochemical background. It also shows that the assessment of bioactivity cannot be decoupled from the natural chemical background in which these metabolites occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pinteus S, Lemos MF, Alves C, Neugebauer A, Silva J, Thomas OP, Botana LM, Gaspar H, Pedrosa R. Marine invasive macroalgae: Turning a real threat into a major opportunity - the biotechnological potential of Sargassum muticum and Asparagopsis armata. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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250
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Peters K, Gorzolka K, Bruelheide H, Neumann S. Seasonal variation of secondary metabolites in nine different bryophytes. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9105-9117. [PMID: 30271570 PMCID: PMC6157681 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bryophytes occur in almost all land ecosystems and contribute to global biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem functioning, and influence vegetation dynamics. As growth and biochemistry of bryophytes are strongly dependent on the season, we analyzed metabolic variation across seasons with regard to ecological characteristics and phylogeny. Using bioinformatics methods, we present an integrative and reproducible approach to connect ecology with biochemistry. Nine different bryophyte species were collected in three composite samples in four seasons. Untargeted liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was performed to obtain metabolite profiles. Redundancy analysis, Pearson's correlation, Shannon diversity, and hierarchical clustering were used to determine relationships among species, seasons, ecological characteristics, and hierarchical clustering. Metabolite profiles of Marchantia polymorpha and Fissidens taxifolius which are species with ruderal life strategy (R-selected) showed low seasonal variability, while the profiles of the pleurocarpous mosses and Grimmia pulvinata which have characteristics of a competitive strategy (C-selected) were more variable. Polytrichum strictum and Plagiomnium undulatum had intermediary life strategies. Our study revealed strong species-specific differences in metabolite profiles between the seasons. Life strategies, growth forms, and indicator values for light and soil were among the most important ecological predictors. We demonstrate that untargeted Eco-Metabolomics provide useful biochemical insight that improves our understanding of fundamental ecological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Peters
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental BiologyHalleGermany
| | - Karin Gorzolka
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental BiologyHalleGermany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical GardenMartin Luther University Halle WittenbergHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Stress and Developmental BiologyHalleGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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