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Duran A, Valero N, Mosquera J, Fuenmayor E, Alvarez-Mon M. Gefitinib and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate decrease viral replication and cytokine production in dengue virus infected human monocyte cultures. Life Sci 2017; 191:180-185. [PMID: 29055802 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization-domain containing 2 (NOD2) are important in cancer and in microbial recognition, respectively. These molecules trigger intracellular signaling pathways inducing the expression of inflammatory genes by NF-kB translocation. Gefitinib (GBTC) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) are capable of inhibiting EGFR/NOD2 and NF-kB, respectively. In earlier stages of dengue virus (DENV) infection, monocytes are capable of sustaining viral replication and increasing cytokine production, suggesting that monocyte/macrophages play an important role in early DENV replication. GBTC and PDTC have not been used to modify the pathogenesis of DENV in infected cells. This study was aimed to determine the effect of GBTC and PDTC on viral replication and cytokine production in DENV serotype 2 (DENV2)-infected human monocyte cultures. MAIN METHODS GBTC and PDTC were used to inhibit EGFR/NOD2 and NF-kB, respectively. Cytokine production was measured by ELISA and viral replication by plaque forming unit assay. KEY FINDINGS Increased DENV2 replication and anti-viral cytokine production (IFN-α/β, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-18) in infected cultures were found. These parameters were decreased after EGFR/NOD2 or NF-kB inhibitions. SIGNIFICANCE The inhibitory effects of GBTC and PDTC on viral replication and cytokine production can be beneficial in the treatment of patients infected by dengue and suggest a possible role of EGFR/NOD2 receptors and NF-kB in dengue pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyelo Duran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Cátedra de Bioquímica General, Escuela de Bioanálisis, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología, Venezuela
| | - Nereida Valero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela; Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología, Venezuela
| | - Jesús Mosquera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
| | - Edgard Fuenmayor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Servicio de Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune y Oncología, Hospital Universitario "Príncipe de Asturias", Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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202
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Chew MF, Poh KS, Poh CL. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents for Dengue Virus. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1342-1359. [PMID: 29200948 PMCID: PMC5707751 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an important global threat caused by dengue virus (DENV) that records an estimated 390 million infections annually. Despite the availability of CYD-TDV as a commercial vaccine, its long-term efficacy against all four dengue virus serotypes remains unsatisfactory. There is therefore an urgent need for the development of antiviral drugs for the treatment of dengue. Peptide was once a neglected choice of medical treatment but it has lately regained interest from the pharmaceutical industry following pioneering advancements in technology. In this review, the design of peptide drugs, antiviral activities and mechanisms of peptides and peptidomimetics (modified peptides) action against dengue virus are discussed. The development of peptides as inhibitors for viral entry, replication and translation is also described, with a focus on the three main targets, namely, the host cell receptors, viral structural proteins and viral non-structural proteins. The antiviral peptides designed based on these approaches may lead to the discovery of novel anti-DENV therapeutics that can treat dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaw-Fang Chew
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Keat-Seong Poh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit-Laa Poh
- Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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203
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Asif A, Manzoor S, Tuz-Zahra F, Saalim M, Ashraf M, Ishtiyaq J, Khalid M. Zika Virus: Immune Evasion Mechanisms, Currently Available Therapeutic Regimens, and Vaccines. Viral Immunol 2017; 30:682-690. [PMID: 29028178 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sudden emergence of infectious pathogens such as Zika virus (ZIKV) holds global health concerns. Recent dissemination of ZIKV from Pacific to Americas with an upsurge of congenital anomalies and Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) in adults has created an alarming situation. High-throughput studies are in progress to understand ZIKV's mode of pathogenesis and mechanism of immune escape, yet the pathogenesis remains obscure. Mainly ZIKV's envelope (E) protein and nonstructural proteins (mainly NS1 and NS5) manipulate host cell to support viral immune escape by modulation of the interferon pathway and complement antagonism. The development of direct therapeutics for ZIKV infection is required to overcome the rapidly evolving viral threat. Currently, the existing strategies for ZIKV treatment are only supportive. Although, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine presently available, however, recent efforts have brought up ZIKV vaccines into clinical trial phase 1. This review presents the highlights of recent advances in understanding immune evasion strategies adapted by ZIKV and existing therapies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Asif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Manzoor
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Tuz-Zahra
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saalim
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Ashraf
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Ishtiyaq
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Bio-Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology , Islamabad, Pakistan
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204
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Innate Immune Evasion Mediated by Flaviviridae Non-Structural Proteins. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100291. [PMID: 28991176 PMCID: PMC5691642 DOI: 10.3390/v9100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviridae-caused diseases are a critical, emerging public health problem worldwide. Flaviviridae infections usually cause severe, acute or chronic diseases, such as liver damage and liver cancer resulting from a hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and high fever and shock caused by yellow fever. Many researchers worldwide are investigating the mechanisms by which Flaviviridae cause severe diseases. Flaviviridae can interfere with the host’s innate immunity to achieve their purpose of proliferation. For instance, dengue virus (DENV) NS2A, NS2B3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5; HCV NS2, NS3, NS3/4A, NS4B and NS5A; and West Nile virus (WNV) NS1 and NS4B proteins are involved in immune evasion. This review discusses the interplay between viral non-structural Flaviviridae proteins and relevant host proteins, which leads to the suppression of the host’s innate antiviral immunity.
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205
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XBP1-Mediated BiP/GRP78 Upregulation Copes with Oxidative Stress in Mosquito Cells during Dengue 2 Virus Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3519158. [PMID: 29098151 PMCID: PMC5642879 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3519158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause dengue fever which is an important mosquito-borne disease in tropical areas. Generally, DENV does not cause cellular damage in mosquito cells. However, alterations in cytosolic calcium ions ([Ca2+]cyt) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions (O2∙-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), can be detected in C6/36 cells with DENV2 infection. Evident upregulation of BiP/GRP78 also appeared at 24 h postinfection in DENV2-infected C6/36 cells. As expression of BiP/GRP78 mRNA was reduced when the transcription factor X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP1) was knocked down in C6/36 cells, it demonstrated that BiP/GRP78 is the target gene regulated by the XBP1 signal pathway. We further demonstrated that the expression and splicing activity of XBP1 were upregulated in parallel with DENV2 infection in C6/36 cells. In C6/36 cells with BiP/GRP78 overexpression, oxidative stress indicators including [Ca2+]cyt, MMP, O2∙-, and H2O2 were all pushed back to normal. Taken together, DENV2 activates XBP1 at earlier stage of infection, followed by upregulating BiP/GRP78 in mosquito cells. This regulatory pathway contributes a cascade in relation to oxidative stress alleviation. The finding provides insights into elucidating how mosquitoes can healthily serve as a vector of arboviruses in nature.
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206
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Mossenta M, Marchese S, Poggianella M, Slon Campos J, Burrone O. Role of N-glycosylation on Zika virus E protein secretion, viral assembly and infectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:579-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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207
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Development of Virus-Like-Particle Vaccine and Reporter Assay for Zika Virus. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00834-17. [PMID: 28794019 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00834-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent worldwide outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the lack of an approved vaccine raise serious concerns regarding preparedness to combat this emerging virus. We used a virus-like particle (VLP)-based approach to develop a vaccine and a microneutralization assay for ZIKV. A synthetic capsid-premembrane-envelope (C-prM-E) gene construct of ZIKV was used to generate reporter virus particles (RVPs) that package a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter-expressing West Nile virus (WNV) replicon. The assay was adapted to a 96-well format, similar to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and showed high reproducibility with specific detection of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, C-prM-E and prM-E VLPs were tested as vaccine candidates in mice and compared to DNA vaccination. While the ZIKV prM-E construct alone was sufficient for generating VLPs, efficient VLP production from the C-prM-E construct could be achieved in the presence of the WNV NS2B-3 protease, which cleaves C from prM, allowing virus release. Immunization studies in mice showed that VLPs generated higher neutralizing antibody titers than those with the DNA vaccines, with C-prM-E VLPs giving slightly higher titers than those with prM-E VLPs. The superiority of C-prM-E VLPs suggests that inclusion of capsid may have benefits for ZIKV and other flaviviral VLP vaccines. To facilitate the VLP platform, we generated a stable cell line expressing high levels of ZIKV prM-E proteins that constitutively produce VLPs as well as a cell line expressing ZIKV C-prM-E proteins for RVP production. While several vaccine platforms have been proposed for ZIKV, this study describes a safe, effective, and economical VLP-based vaccine against ZIKV.IMPORTANCE To address the growing Zika virus epidemic, we undertook this study with two objectives: first, to develop a safe, effective, and economical vaccine for ZIKV, and second, to develop a rapid and versatile assay to detect the anti-ZIKV immune response. We generated a cell line stably expressing ZIKV prM-E that produces large amounts of VLPs in the supernatant and a ZIKV C-prM-E cell line that produces reporter virus particles upon transfection with a GFP replicon plasmid. The prM-E VLPs induced a strong neutralizing antibody response in mice that was better when the capsid was included. VLP-based vaccines showed significantly better neutralizing antibody responses than those with their DNA counterparts. The RVP-based microneutralization assay worked similarly to the PRNT assay, with a rapid GFP readout in a 96-well format. Our VLP-based platform provides a source for a ZIKV vaccine and diagnosis that can rapidly be adapted to current outbreaks.
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208
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Hou JN, Chen TH, Chiang YH, Peng JY, Yang TH, Cheng CC, Sofiyatun E, Chiu CH, Chiang-Ni C, Chen WJ. PERK Signal-Modulated Protein Translation Promotes the Survivability of Dengue 2 Virus-Infected Mosquito Cells and Extends Viral Replication. Viruses 2017; 9:v9090262. [PMID: 28930151 PMCID: PMC5618028 DOI: 10.3390/v9090262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of mosquitoes from dengue virus (DENV) infection is a prerequisite of viral transmission to the host. This study aimed to see how mosquito cells can survive the infection during prosperous replication of the virus. In C6/36 cells, global protein translation was shut down after infection by DENV type 2 (DENV2). However, it returned to a normal level when infected cells were treated with an inhibitor of the protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling pathway. Based on a 7-Methylguanosine 5′-triphosphate (m7GTP) pull-down assay, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex was also identified in DENV2-infected cells. This suggests that most mosquito proteins are synthesized via canonical cap-dependent translation. When the PERK signal pathway was inhibited, both accumulation of reactive oxygen species and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential increased. This suggested that ER stress response was alleviated through the PERK-mediated shutdown of global proteins in DENV2-infected C6/36 cells. In the meantime, the activities of caspases-9 and -3 and the apoptosis-related cell death rate increased in C6/36 cells with PERK inhibition. This reflected that the PERK-signaling pathway is involved in determining cell survival, presumably by reducing DENV2-induced ER stress. Looking at the PERK downstream target, α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), an increased phosphorylation status was only shown in infected C6/36 cells. This indicated that recruitment of ribosome binding to the mRNA 5′-cap structure could have been impaired in cap-dependent translation. It turned out that shutdown of cellular protein translation resulted in a pro-survival effect on mosquito cells in response to DENV2 infection. As synthesis of viral proteins was not affected by the PERK signal pathway, an alternate mode other than cap-dependent translation may be utilized. This finding provides insights into elucidating how the PERK signal pathway modulates dynamic translation of proteins and helps mosquito cells survive continuous replication of the DENV2. It was ecologically important for virus amplification in mosquitoes and transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nan Hou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Tien-Huang Chen
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Yun Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Han Yang
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chieh Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Eny Sofiyatun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Environmental Health Department, Banjarnegara Polytechnic, Central Java 53482, Indonesia.
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-June Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health and Parasitology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan 33332, Taiwan.
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209
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Agarwal A, Parida M, Dash PK. Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27:e1941. [PMID: 28857363 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are transmitted between arthropod vectors and vertebrate host. Arboviral infection in mosquitoes is initiated when a mosquito feeds on a viremic host. Following ingestion of a viremic blood meal by mosquitoes, virus enters midgut along with the blood, infects and replicates in midgut epithelial cells, and then escapes to the hemocoel, from where it disseminates to various secondary organs including salivary glands. Subsequently, when mosquito bites another host, a new transmission cycle is initiated. The midgut and salivary glands act as anatomical barriers to virus infection and escape. These complex interactions between the virus and vector dictate the vector competence. Thus, vector competence reflects the success in overcoming different barriers within the vector. Along with these, other intrinsic factors like midgut microbiota and immune responses, extrinsic factors like temperature and humidity, and genetic factors like vector genotype and viral genotype have been discussed in this review. Recent advancement on novel molecular tools to study vector competence is also included. Different modes of arboviral transmission like horizontal, vertical, and venereal and how these play role in sustenance and emergence of arboviruses in nature are also discussed. These factors can be exploited to reduce the susceptibility of vectors for the viruses, so as to control arboviral diseases to certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Agarwal
- Division of Virology, Defence R and D Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manmohan Parida
- Division of Virology, Defence R and D Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Paban Kumar Dash
- Division of Virology, Defence R and D Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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210
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Stephen P, Lin SX. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: Addressing Zika outbreak by a phylogeny-based drug target study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017. [PMID: 28636772 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the first major outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2007, ZIKV is spreading explosively through South and Central America, and recent reports in highly populated developing countries alarm the possibility of a more catastrophic outbreak. ZIKV infection in pregnant women leads to embryonic microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. At present, there is limited understanding of the infectious mechanism, and no approved therapy has been reported. Despite the withdrawal of public health emergency, the WHO still considers the ZIKV as a highly significant and long-term public health challenge that the situation has to be addressed rapidly. Non-structural protein 5 is essential for capping and replication of viral RNA and comprises a methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. We used molecular modeling to obtain the structure of ZIKV RdRp, and by molecular docking and phylogeny analysis, we here demonstrate the potential sites for drug screening. Two metal binding sites and an NS3-interacting region in ZIKV RdRp are demonstrated as potential drug screening sites. The docked structures reveal a remarkable degree of conservation at the substrate binding site and the potential drug screening sites. A phylogeny-based approach is provided for an emergency preparedness, where similar class of ligands could target phylogenetically related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyesh Stephen
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, CHU Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, CHU Research Center, Laval University, Québec, Canada
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211
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Highly Divergent Dengue Virus Type 2 Strain, Imported into Australia from Sabah, Malaysia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/29/e00546-17. [PMID: 28729258 PMCID: PMC5522925 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00546-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, a female patient returning to Australia from Sabah, Malaysia, was diagnosed with a suspected sylvatic dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) infection, becoming the second case of imported highly divergent dengue virus infection recorded in Australia. We describe here the complete genome sequencing of the DENV-2 strain isolated from this patient.
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212
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Li Y, Phoo WW, Loh YR, Zhang Z, Ng EY, Wang W, Keller TH, Luo D, Kang C. Structural characterization of the linked NS2B-NS3 protease of Zika virus. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2338-2347. [PMID: 28675775 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B-NS3 protease is an important drug target. The conventional flaviviral protease constructs used for structural studies contain the NS2B cofactor region linked to the NS3 protease domain via a glycine-rich flexible linker. Here, we examined the structural dynamics of this conventional Zika protease (gZiPro) using NMR spectroscopy. Although the glycine-rich linker in gZiPro does not alter the overall folding of the protease in solution, gZiPro is not homogenous in ion exchange chromatography. Compared to the unlinked protease construct, the artificial linker affects the chemical environment of many residues including H51 in the catalytic triad. Our study provides a direct comparison of ZIKV protease constructs with and without an artificial linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wint Wint Phoo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Ru Loh
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Yihui Ng
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weiling Wang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas H Keller
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - CongBao Kang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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213
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Amorim R, Temzi A, Griffin BD, Mouland AJ. Zika virus inhibits eIF2α-dependent stress granule assembly. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005775. [PMID: 28715409 PMCID: PMC5531678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is the most recent emerging arbovirus with pandemic potential. During infection, viruses trigger the host cell stress response, leading to changes in RNA translation and the assembly of large aggregates of stalled translation preinitiation complexes, termed stress granules (SGs). Several reports demonstrate that flaviviruses modulate the assembly of stress granules (SG). As an emerging pathogen, little is known however about how ZIKV modulates the host cell stress response. In this work, we investigate how ZIKV modulates SG assembly. We demonstrate that ZIKV negatively impacts SG assembly under oxidative stress conditions induced by sodium arsenite (Ars), a treatment that leads to the phosphorylation of eIF2α. By contrast, no measurable difference in SG assembly was observed between mock and ZIKV-infected cells treated with sodium selenite (Se) or Pateamine A (PatA), compounds that trigger eIF2α-independent SG assembly. Interestingly, ZIKV infection markedly impaired the phosphorylation of eIF2α triggered in Ars-treated infected cells, and the abrogation of SG assembly in ZIKV-infected cells is, at least in part, dependent on eIF2α dephosphorylation. These data demonstrate that ZIKV elicits mechanisms to counteract host anti-viral stress responses to promote a cellular environment propitious for viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Amorim
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Abdelkrim Temzi
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bryan D. Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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214
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Tohidpour A, Morgun AV, Boitsova EB, Malinovskaya NA, Martynova GP, Khilazheva ED, Kopylevich NV, Gertsog GE, Salmina AB. Neuroinflammation and Infection: Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Dysfunction of Neurovascular Unit. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:276. [PMID: 28676848 PMCID: PMC5476750 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex inflammatory process in the central nervous system, which is sought to play an important defensive role against various pathogens, toxins or factors that induce neurodegeneration. The onset of neurodegenerative diseases and various microbial infections are counted as stimuli that can challenge the host immune system and trigger the development of neuroinflammation. The homeostatic nature of neuroinflammation is essential to maintain the neuroplasticity. Neuroinflammation is regulated by the activity of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells within the neurovascular unit, which serves as a “platform” for the coordinated action of pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Production of inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species) by brain resident cells or cells migrating from the peripheral blood, results in the impairment of blood-brain barrier integrity, thereby further affecting the course of local inflammation. In this review, we analyzed the most recent data on the central nervous system inflammation and focused on major mechanisms of neurovascular unit dysfunction caused by neuroinflammation and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Tohidpour
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Paediatrics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elizaveta B Boitsova
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Malinovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina P Martynova
- Department of Children Infectious Diseases, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kopylevich
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Galina E Gertsog
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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215
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Abstract
Flaviviruses present substantial differences in their host range and transmissibility. We studied the evolution of base composition, dinucleotide biases, codon usage and amino acid frequencies in the genus Flavivirus within a phylogenetic framework by principal components analysis. There is a mutual interplay between the evolutionary history of flaviviruses and their respective vectors and/or hosts. Hosts associated to distinct phylogenetic groups may be driving flaviviruses at different pace and through various sequence landscapes, as can be seen for viruses associated with Aedes or Culex spp., although phylogenetic inertia cannot be ruled out. In some cases, viruses face even opposite forces. For instance, in tick-borne flaviviruses, while vertebrate hosts exert pressure to deplete their CpG, tick vectors drive them to exhibit GC-rich codons. Within a vertebrate environment, natural selection appears to be acting on the viral genome to overcome the immune system. On the other side, within an arthropod environment, mutational biases seem to be the dominant forces.
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216
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McArthur MA. Zika Virus: Recent Advances towards the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060143. [PMID: 28608813 PMCID: PMC5490820 DOI: 10.3390/v9060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika is a rapidly emerging public health threat. Although clinical infection is frequently mild, significant neurological manifestations have been demonstrated in infants born to Zika virus (ZIKV) infected mothers. Due to the substantial ramifications of intrauterine infection, effective counter-measures are urgently needed. In order to develop effective anti-ZIKV vaccines and therapeutics, improved animal models and a better understanding of immunological correlates of protection against ZIKV are required. This review will summarize what is currently known about ZIKV, the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of Zika as well as, the development of animal models to study ZIKV infection, host immune responses against ZIKV, and the current state of development of vaccines and therapeutics against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A McArthur
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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217
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The 5' and 3' Untranslated Regions of the Flaviviral Genome. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060137. [PMID: 28587300 PMCID: PMC5490814 DOI: 10.3390/v9060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are enveloped arthropod-borne viruses with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome that can cause serious illness in humans and animals. The 11 kb 5′ capped RNA genome consists of a single open reading frame (ORF), and is flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). The ORF is a polyprotein that is processed into three structural and seven non-structural proteins. The UTRs have been shown to be important for viral replication and immune modulation. Both of these regions consist of elements that are essential for genome cyclization, resulting in initiation of RNA synthesis. Genome mutation studies have been employed to investigate each component of the essential elements to show the necessity of each component and its role in viral RNA replication and growth. Furthermore, the highly structured 3′UTR is responsible for the generation of subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) that helps the virus evade host immune response, thereby affecting viral pathogenesis. In addition, changes within the 3′UTR have been shown to affect transmissibility between vector and host, which can influence the development of vaccines.
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218
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Pastuch-Gawolek G, Chaubey B, Szewczyk B, Krol E. Novel thioglycosyl analogs of glycosyltransferase substrates as antiviral compounds against classical swine fever virus and hepatitis C virus. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:247-262. [PMID: 28601004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are important pathogens for which new therapeutic approaches are in high demand. Herein, we report the synthesis of newly designed thioglycosyl analogs of glycosyltransferase substrates which were evaluated using cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against both viruses. The antiviral activity of synthesized compounds against CSFV and HCV was confirmed using pseudo-plaque reduction assays where a significant arrest of viral growth was observed in the presence of selected compounds. We showed that compounds 13 and 14 exerted the most significant inhibitory effect on in vitro CSFV and HCV infections in the series. Glycoconjugates 13 and 14 not only inhibited both viral propagation with IC50 values in low micromolar range, but efficiently suppressed the production of viral proteins in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, studies using in vitro HCV infection and replication models have shown that both compounds are able to significantly reduce viral genomic replication. We demonstrated that compounds 13 and 14 showed a strong inhibition, up to 90% of replication which inscribe them in the promising alternative approach for the development of new anti-CSFV and anti-HCV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pastuch-Gawolek
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Binay Chaubey
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland; Functional Genomics Lab., Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, 700019 Kolkata, India
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.
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219
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Kulkarni S, Mukherjee S, Das KMP, Prabhudesai K, Deshpande N, Karnik S, Chowdhary AS, Padmanabhan U. Expression of domain III of the envelope protein from GP-78: a Japanese encephalitis virus. Virusdisease 2017; 28:209-212. [PMID: 28770248 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute encephalitis caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) represents a growing epidemic and is a cause for concern in Southeast Asia. JEV is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Culicine mosquito species. The virus genome comprising of an RNA strand also encodes the envelope protein (E) which surrounds the virus. The E protein aids in fusion of virus with the cellular membrane of the host cell with the help of three structurally distinct domains (DI, DII, DIII) that are connected by flexible hinge regions. Of these domains, DIII (JEV-DIII) has been reported to interact with the cellular membrane, aid viral entry and viral replication. Hence JEV-DIII has the potential to be an antigen that can provide immune protection to a JEV infection. In this study, we describe the cloning and expression of DIII of GP-78, a virulent strain of JEV prevalent in India. Our data clearly shows that JEV-DIII expressed from pVAC1 in HEK293T cells is membrane targeted. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a recombinant construct that may block JEV entry into the cells and/or evoke specific antibodies against JEV. Future studies will reveal if our construct will elicit significant immune responses which will alleviate or ameliorate the pro-inflammatory responses induced by JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kulkarni
- Department of Zoonosis, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Sandeepan Mukherjee
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | | | - Kaushiki Prabhudesai
- Department of Zoonosis, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Nupur Deshpande
- Department of Zoonosis, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Sushant Karnik
- Department of Zoonosis, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Abhay S Chowdhary
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
| | - Usha Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell Biology, Haffkine Institute for Training, Research and Testing, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012 India
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220
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Whitehead SS, Durbin AP, Pierce KK, Elwood D, McElvany BD, Fraser EA, Carmolli MP, Tibery CM, Hynes NA, Jo M, Lovchik JM, Larsson CJ, Doty EA, Dickson DM, Luke CJ, Subbarao K, Diehl SA, Kirkpatrick BD. In a randomized trial, the live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine TV003 is well-tolerated and highly immunogenic in subjects with flavivirus exposure prior to vaccination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005584. [PMID: 28481883 PMCID: PMC5436874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection caused by the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1-4) is a leading cause of mosquito-borne disease. Clinically-severe dengue disease is more common when secondary dengue infection occurs following prior infection with a heterologous dengue serotype. Other flaviviruses such as yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Zika virus, can also elicit antibodies which are cross-reactive to DENV. As candidate dengue vaccines become available in endemic settings and for individuals who have received other flavivirus vaccines, it is important to examine vaccine safety and immunogenicity in these flavivirus-experienced populations. We performed a randomized, controlled trial of the National Institutes of Health live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate (TV003) in fifty-eight individuals with prior exposure to flavivirus infection or vaccine. As in prior studies of this vaccine in flavivirus-naive volunteers, flavivirus-experienced subjects received two doses of vaccine six months apart and were followed closely for clinical events, laboratory changes, viremia, and neutralizing antibody titers. TV003 was well tolerated with few adverse events other than rash, which was predominately mild. Following one dose, 87% of vaccinees had an antibody response to all four serotypes (tetravalent response), suggesting a robust immune response. In addition, 76% of vaccinees were viremic; mean peak titers ranged from 0.68–1.1 log10 PFU/mL and did not differ by serotype. The second dose of TV003 was not associated with viremia, rash, or a sustained boost in antibody titers indicating that a single dose of the vaccine is likely sufficient to prevent viral replication and thus protect against disease. In comparison to the viremia and neutralizing antibody response elicited by TV003 in flavivirus-naïve subjects from prior studies, we found that subjects who were flavivirus-exposed prior to vaccination exhibited slightly higher DENV-3 viremia, higher neutralizing antibody titers to DENV-2, -3, and -4, and a higher tetravalent response frequency after TV003 administration. In summary, we demonstrate that the NIH tetravalent dengue vaccine TV003 is well-tolerated in flavivirus-experienced individuals and elicits robust post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01506570.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Whitehead
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Kristen K. Pierce
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Dan Elwood
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Benjamin D. McElvany
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Ellen A. Fraser
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Marya P. Carmolli
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Cecilia M. Tibery
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Noreen A. Hynes
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Matthew Jo
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Janece M. Lovchik
- Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; United States of America
| | - Catherine J. Larsson
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Elena A. Doty
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Dorothy M. Dickson
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Catherine J. Luke
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sean A. Diehl
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Beth D. Kirkpatrick
- Vaccine Testing Center, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
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221
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Carmo AMDS, Suzuki RB, Cabral AD, Costa RTD, Massari GP, Riquena MM, Fracasso HAA, Eterovic A, Marcili A, Sperança MA. Co-circulating serotypes in a dengue fever outbreak: Differential hematological profiles and phylogenetic relationships among viruses. J Clin Virol 2017; 90:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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222
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Liang D, Leung RKK, Lee SS, Kam KM. Insights into intercontinental spread of Zika virus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176710. [PMID: 28448611 PMCID: PMC5407806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in South America has led to World Health Organization's declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To further inform effective public health policy, an understanding of ZIKV's transmission mechanisms is crucial. To characterize the intercontinental transmission of ZIKV, we compiled and analyzed more than 250 gene sequences together with their sequence-related geographic and temporal information, sampled across 27 countries spanning from 1947 to 2016. After filtering and selecting appropriate sequences, extensive phylogenetic analyses were performed. Although phylogeographic reconstruction supported the transmission route of the virus in Africa, South-eastern Asia, Oceania and Latin America, we discovered that the Eastern Africa origin of ZIKV was disputable. On a molecular level, purifying selection was found to be largely responsible for the evolution of non-structural protein 5 and envelope protein E. Our dataset and ancestral sequences reconstruction analysis captured previously unidentified amino acid changes during evolution. Finally, based on the estimation of the time to the most recent common ancestors for the non-structural protein 5 gene, we hypothesized potential specific historic events that occurred in the 1940s and might have facilitated the spread of Zika virus from Africa to South-eastern Asia. Our findings provide new insights into the transmission characteristics of ZIKV, while further genetic and serologic studies are warranted to support the design of tailored prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachao Liang
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ross Ka Kit Leung
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shui Shan Lee
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Man Kam
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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223
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Steinhagen K, Probst C, Radzimski C, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Emmerich P, van Esbroeck M, Schinkel J, Grobusch MP, Goorhuis A, Warnecke JM, Lattwein E, Komorowski L, Deerberg A, Saschenbrecker S, Stöcker W, Schlumberger W. Serodiagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections by a novel NS1-based ELISA devoid of cross-reactivity with dengue virus antibodies: a multicohort study of assay performance, 2015 to 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30426. [PMID: 28006649 PMCID: PMC5291135 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.50.30426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serological diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections is challenging due to high cross-reactivity between flaviviruses. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel anti-ZIKV ELISA based on recombinant ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Assay sensitivity was examined using sera from 27 patients with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-confirmed and 85 with suspected ZIKV infection. Specificity was analysed using sera from 1,015 healthy individuals. Samples from 252 patients with dengue virus (n = 93), West Nile virus (n = 34), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 25), chikungunya virus (n = 19) or Plasmodium spp. (n = 69) infections and from 12 yellow fever-vaccinated individuals were also examined. In confirmed ZIKV specimens collected ≥ 6 days after symptom onset, ELISA sensitivity was 58.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.0-78.4) for IgM, 88.2% (95% CI: 64.4-98.0) for IgG, and 100% (95% CI: 78.4-100) for IgM/IgG, at 99.8% (95% CI: 99.2-100) specificity. Cross-reactivity with high-level dengue virus antibodies was not detected. Among patients with potentially cross-reactive antibodies anti-ZIKV positive rates were 0.8% (95% CI: 0-3.0) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0-2.4) for IgM and IgG, respectively. Providing high specificity and low cross-reactivity, the NS1-based ELISA has the potential to aid in counselling patients, pregnant women and travellers after returning from ZIKV-endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Emmerich
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marjan van Esbroeck
- National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Public Health Service, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens M Warnecke
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Lattwein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lars Komorowski
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrea Deerberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Winfried Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany
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224
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Characterization of virus-specific vesicles assembled by West Nile virus non-structural proteins. Virology 2017; 506:130-140. [PMID: 28388487 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavivirus genome encodes seven non-structural proteins (NSPs) and these NSPs are believed to be involved in their genomic RNA replication, of which the mechanism is unclear. We find that West Nile virus (WNV) NSPs were capable of self-assembling membranous vesicles in cells, which are composed of the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane integrated with viral NS1 and NS4A, and possibly NS2A. The vesicles can further organize into replication complex (RC)-associated vesicles which combine both the vesicle and predicted RC components. The authentic RC-associated vesicles were observed in cells transfected with infectious WNV cDNA as well as WNV replicon. Further mutational analysis showed that WNV/DENV heterologous NS polyproteins derived from lethal chimeric recombinants produced abnormal vesicles. Site-directed mutation of either NS2A or NS4A, which resulted in failure of viral RNA replication, caused immature vesicles too. These findings reveal molecular composition and assembly of the virus-specific nanomachine and confirm that these structures are used for the viral RNA replication.
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225
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Routhu NK, Byrareddy SN. Host-Virus Interaction of ZIKA Virus in Modulating Disease Pathogenesis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:219-232. [PMID: 28349242 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a newly emerging pathogen that has resulted in a worldwide epidemic. It primarily spreads either through infected Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitos leading to severe neurological disorders such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in susceptible individuals. The mode of ZIKV entry into specific cell types such as: epidermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immature dendritic cells (iDCs), and stem-cell-derived human neural progenitors has been determined through its major surface envelope glycoprotein. It has been known that oligosaccharides that are covalently linked to viral envelope proteins are crucial in defining host-virus interactions. However, the role of sugars/glycans in exploiting host-immune mechanisms and aiding receptor-mediated virus entry is not well defined. Therefore, this review focuses on host-pathogen interactions to better understand ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Kishore Routhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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226
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A human antibody against Zika virus crosslinks the E protein to prevent infection. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14722. [PMID: 28300075 PMCID: PMC5356071 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has been linked to unusual and severe clinical manifestations including microcephaly in fetuses of infected pregnant women and Guillian-Barré syndrome in adults. Neutralizing antibodies present a possible therapeutic approach to prevent and control ZIKV infection. Here we present a 6.2 Å resolution three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) structure of an infectious ZIKV (strain H/PF/2013, French Polynesia) in complex with the Fab fragment of a highly therapeutic and neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, ZIKV-117. The antibody had been shown to prevent fetal infection and demise in mice. The structure shows that ZIKV-117 Fabs cross-link the monomers within the surface E glycoprotein dimers as well as between neighbouring dimers, thus preventing the reorganization of E protein monomers into fusogenic trimers in the acidic environment of endosomes.
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227
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Radzol ARM, Lee KY, Mansor W, Omar IS. PCA criterion for SVM (MLP) classifier for flavivirus biomarker from salivary SERS spectra at febrile stage. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:6206-6209. [PMID: 28269669 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-structural protein (NS1) has been conceded as one of the biomarkers for flavivirus that causes diseases with life threatening consequences. NS1 is an antigen that allows detection of the illness at febrile stage, mostly from blood samples currently. Our work here intends to define an optimum model for PCA-SVM with MLP kernel for classification of flavivirus biomarker, NS1 molecule, from SERS spectra of saliva, which to the best of our knowledge has never been explored. Since performance of the model depends on the PCA criterion and MLP parameters, both are examined in tandem. Input vector to classifier determined by each PCA criterion is subjected to brute force tuning of MLP parameters for entirety. Its performance is also compared to our previous works where a Linear and RBF kernel are used. It is found that the best PCA-SVM (MLP) model can be defined by 5 PCs from Cattel's Scree test for PCA, together with P1 and P2 values of 0.1 and -0.2 respectively, with a classification performance of [96.9%, 93.8%, 100.0%].
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228
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Rather IA, Kumar S, Bajpai VK, Lim J, Park YH. Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter ZIKA Epidemic. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:305. [PMID: 28293228 PMCID: PMC5328966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ZIKA virus (ZIKA) has now become a global phenomenon. Since 2007, evidence of ZIKA transmission has been reported over 72 countries and territories. The transmission of ZIKA has made World Health Organization to categorize the situation under the ambit of a health emergency. This situation is serious because there appears to be a highly tangible link between infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome. In the context of this emergency situation, this review article intends to discuss the prevention and control strategies such as avoiding travel to infected area, being careful from mosquito bites, take precautions to reduce the risk of sexual transmission, and seek medical care for any acute illness with rash or fever. This review is an attempt to analyze the results of those campaigns, keeping in view the variables and constants that affect any such measures. Furthermore, this article will suggest proactive measures that can be employed to effectively combat the epidemic transmission of the ZIKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A Rather
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia Athens, GA, USA
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jeongheui Lim
- National Science Museum, ICT and Future Planning Yuseong-gu, South Korea
| | - Yong-Ha Park
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan, South Korea
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229
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Conde JN, Silva EM, Barbosa AS, Mohana-Borges R. The Complement System in Flavivirus Infections. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:213. [PMID: 28261172 PMCID: PMC5306369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of flavivirus infections has increased dramatically in recent decades in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of people each year. The Flaviviridae family includes dengue, West Nile, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses that are typically transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks, and cause a wide range of symptoms, such as fever, shock, meningitis, paralysis, birth defects, and death. The flavivirus genome is composed of a single positive-sense RNA molecule encoding a single viral polyprotein. This polyprotein is further processed by viral and host proteases into three structural proteins (C, prM/M, E) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5) that are involved in viral replication and pathogenicity. The complement system has been described to play an important role in flavivirus infection either by protecting the host and/or by influencing disease pathogenesis. In this mini-review, we will explore the role of complement system inhibition and/or activation against infection by the Flavivirus genus, with an emphasis on dengue and West Nile viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas N Conde
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emiliana M Silva
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela S Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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230
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Sun G, Larsen CN, Baumgarth N, Klem EB, Scheuermann RH. Comprehensive Annotation of Mature Peptides and Genotypes for Zika Virus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170462. [PMID: 28125631 PMCID: PMC5268401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused much concern in the global health community, due in part to a link to fetal microcephaly and other neurological illnesses. While an increasing amount of ZIKV genomic sequence data is being generated, an understanding of the virus molecular biology is still greatly lacking. A significant step towards establishing ZIKV proteomics would be the compilation of all proteins produced by the virus, and the resultant virus genotypes. Here we report for the first time such data, using new computational methods for the annotation of mature peptide proteins, genotypes, and recombination events for all ZIKV genomes. The data is made publicly available through the Virus Pathogen Resource at www.viprbrc.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Sun
- Vecna Technologies, Inc., Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Klem
- Northrop Grumman Health Solutions, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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231
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Nicolini AM, McCracken KE, Yoon JY. Future developments in biosensors for field-ready Zika virus diagnostics. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:7. [PMID: 28127399 PMCID: PMC5260080 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since early reports of the recent Zika virus outbreak in May 2015, much has been learned and discussed regarding Zika virus infection and transmission. However, many opportunities still remain for translating these findings into field-ready sensors and diagnostics. In this brief review, we discuss current diagnostic methods, consider the prospects of translating other flavivirus biosensors directly to Zika virus sensing, and look toward the future developments needed for high-sensitivity and high-specificity biosensors to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Nicolini
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Katherine E. McCracken
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Interdisciplinary Program and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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232
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Janahi EM, Dhasmana A, Srivastava V, Sarangi AN, Raza S, Arif JM, Bhatt MLB, Lohani M, Areeshi MY, Saxena AM, Haque S. In silico CD4+, CD8+ T-cell and B-cell immunity associated immunogenic epitope prediction and HLA distribution analysis of Zika virus. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:63-72. [PMID: 28435428 PMCID: PMC5379118 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed all over Africa, South America and Asia. The infection with the virus may cause acute febrile sickness that clinically resembles dengue fever, yet there is no vaccine, no satisfactory treatment, and no means of evaluating the risk of the disease or prognosis in the infected people. In the present study, the efficacy of the host's immune response in reducing the risk of infectious diseases was taken into account to carry out immuno-informatics driven epitope screening strategy of vaccine candidates against ZIKV. In this study, HLA distribution analysis was done to ensure the coverage of the vast majority of the population. Systematic screening of effective dominant immunogens was done with the help of Immune Epitope & ABCPred databases. The outcomes suggested that the predicted epitopes may be protective immunogens with highly conserved sequences and bear potential to induce both protective neutralizing antibodies, T & B cell responses. A total of 25 CD4+ and 16 CD8+ peptides were screened for T-cell mediated immunity. The predicted epitope "TGLDFSDLYYLTMNNKHWLV" was selected as a highly immunogenic epitope for humoral immunity. These peptides were further screened as non-toxic, immunogenic and non-mutated residues of envelop viral protein. The predicted epitope could work as suitable candidate(s) for peptide based vaccine development. Further, experimental validation of these epitopes is warranted to ensure the potential of B- and T-cells stimulation for their efficient use as vaccine candidates, and as diagnostic agents against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Mohammed Janahi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Research Cell, Amity University Lucknow Campus, Lucknow-226028, UP, India.,Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | | | - Aditya Narayan Sarangi
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, UP, India
| | - Sana Raza
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India.,Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, UP, India
| | - Jamal M Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, India.,Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Yahya Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi-110025, India
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233
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Characterization of cytopathic factors through genome-wide analysis of the Zika viral proteins in fission yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E376-E385. [PMID: 28049830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619735114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) causes microcephaly and the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Little is known about how ZIKV causes these conditions or which ZIKV viral protein(s) is responsible for the associated ZIKV-induced cytopathic effects, including cell hypertrophy, growth restriction, cell-cycle dysregulation, and cell death. We used fission yeast for the rapid, global functional analysis of the ZIKV genome. All 14 proteins or small peptides were produced under an inducible promoter, and we measured the intracellular localization and the specific effects on ZIKV-associated cytopathic activities of each protein. The subcellular localization of each ZIKV protein was in overall agreement with its predicted protein structure. Five structural and two nonstructural ZIKV proteins showed various levels of cytopathic effects. The expression of these ZIKV proteins restricted cell proliferation, induced hypertrophy, or triggered cellular oxidative stress leading to cell death. The expression of premembrane protein (prM) resulted in cell-cycle G1 accumulation, whereas membrane-anchored capsid (anaC), membrane protein (M), envelope protein (E), and nonstructural protein 4A (NS4A) caused cell-cycle G2/M accumulation. A mechanistic study revealed that NS4A-induced cellular hypertrophy and growth restriction were mediated specifically through the target of rapamycin (TOR) cellular stress pathway involving Tor1 and type 2A phosphatase activator Tip41. These findings should provide a reference for future research on the prevention and treatment of ZIKV diseases.
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234
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The flavivirus capsid protein: Structure, function and perspectives towards drug design. Virus Res 2017; 227:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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235
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Simple reverse genetics systems for Asian and African Zika viruses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39384. [PMID: 27991555 PMCID: PMC5171905 DOI: 10.1038/srep39384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a typical example of a re‐emerging pathogen, recently caused large outbreaks in Pacific islands and the Americas, associated with congenital diseases and neurological complications. Deciphering the natural history, ecology and pathophysiology of this mosquito-borne pathogen requires effective reverse genetics tools. In the current study, using the bacterium-free ‘Infectious Subgenomic Amplicons’ (ISA) method, we generated and made available to the scientific community via the non-profit European Virus Archive collection, two simple and performing reverse genetics systems for ZIKV. One is based on an Asian ZIKV strain belonging to the outbreak lineage (French Polynesia 2013). The second was designed from the sequence of a low-passaged ZIKV African strain (Dakar 1984). Using the ISA procedure, we derived wild-type and a variety of specifically engineered ZIKVs in days (intra- and inter-lineage chimeras). Since they are based on low-passaged ZIKV strains, these engineered viruses provide ideal tools to study the effect of genetic changes observed in different evolutionary time-scales of ZIKV as well as pathophysiology of ZIKV infections.
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236
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Tang Y, Yeh YT, Chen H, Yu C, Gao X, Diao Y. Comparison of four molecular assays for the detection of Tembusu virus. Avian Pathol 2016; 44:379-85. [PMID: 26443062 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1061650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tembusu virus (TMUV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus that may cause severe egg drop in ducks. In order to evaluate the most efficient TMUV detection method, the performances of a conventional RT-PCR (C-RT-PCR), a semi-nested PCR (SN-RT-PCR), a reverse-transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR (Q-RT-PCR), and a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) targeting the TMUV virus-specific NS5 gene were examined. In order to compare the sensitivity of these four techniques, two templates were used: (1) plasmid DNA that contained a partial region of the NS5 gene and (2) genomic RNA from TMUV-positive cell culture supernatants. The sensitivities using plasmid DNA detection by C-RT-PCR, SN-RT-PCR, Q-RT-PCR, and RT-LAMP were 2 × 10(4) copies/μL, 20 copies/μL, 2 copies/μL, and 20 copies/μL, respectively. The sensitivities using genomic RNA for the C-RT-PCR, SN-RT-PCR, Q-RT-PCR, and RT-LAMP were 100 pg/tube, 100, 10, and 100 fg/tube, respectively. All evaluated assays were specific for TMUV detection. The TMUV-specific RNA was detected in cloacal swabs from experimentally infected ducks using these four methods with different rates (52-92%), but not in the control (non-inoculated) samples. The sensitivities of RT-PCR, SN-RT-PCR, Q-RT-PCR, and RT-LAMP performed with cloacal swabs collected from suspected TMUV infected ducks within 2 weeks of severe egg-drop were 38/69 (55.1%), 52/69 (75.4%), 57/69 (82.6%), and 55/69 (79.7%), respectively. In conclusion, both RT-LAMP and Q-RT-PCR can provide a rapid diagnosis of TMUV infection, but RT-LAMP is more useful in TMUV field situations or poorly equipped laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China.,b Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA 16802 , USA
| | - Yin-Ting Yeh
- c Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA 16802 , USA
| | - Hao Chen
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Gao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , Shandong 271018 , People's Republic of China
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237
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The calmodulin antagonist W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride) inhibits DENV infection in Huh-7 cells. Virology 2016; 501:188-198. [PMID: 27940224 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) replicative cycle occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum where calcium ions play an important role in cell signaling. Calmodulin (CaM) is the primary sensor of intracellular Ca2+ levels in eukaryotic cells. In this paper, the effect of the calmodulin antagonist W-7 in DENV infection in Huh-7 cells was evaluated. W7 inhibited viral yield, NS1 secretion and viral RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, luciferase activity, encoded by a DENV replicon, was also reduced. A decrease in the replicative complexes formation was clearly observed in W7 treated cells. Docking simulations suggest 2 possible mechanisms of action for W7: the direct inhibition of NS2B-NS3 activity and/or inhibition of the interaction between NS2A with Ca2+-CaM complex. This last possibility was supported by the in vitro interaction observed between recombinant NS2A and CaM. These results indicate that Ca2+-CaM plays an important role in DENV replication.
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238
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Usman Mirza M, Rafique S, Ali A, Munir M, Ikram N, Manan A, Salo-Ahen OMH, Idrees M. Towards peptide vaccines against Zika virus: Immunoinformatics combined with molecular dynamics simulations to predict antigenic epitopes of Zika viral proteins. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37313. [PMID: 27934901 PMCID: PMC5146661 DOI: 10.1038/srep37313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Brazil has developed to a global health concern due to its likely association with birth defects (primary microcephaly) and neurological complications. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine to prevent or a medicine to treat the infection. In this study, immunoinformatics approach was employed to predict antigenic epitopes of Zika viral proteins to aid in development of a peptide vaccine against ZIKV. Both linear and conformational B-cell epitopes as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes were predicted for ZIKV Envelope (E), NS3 and NS5 proteins. We further investigated the binding interactions of altogether 15 antigenic CTL epitopes with three class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I) proteins after docking the peptides to the binding groove of the MHC I proteins. The stability of the resulting peptide-MHC I complexes was further studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results highlight the limits of rigid-body docking methods. Some of the antigenic epitopes predicted and analyzed in this work might present a preliminary set of peptides for future vaccine development against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Munir
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Ikram
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Outi M. H. Salo-Ahen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Vice Chancellor Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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239
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Wang Y, Si LL, Guo XL, Cui GH, Fang DY, Zhou JM, Yan HJ, Jiang LF. Substitution of the precursor peptide prevents anti-prM antibody-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection. Virus Res 2016; 229:57-64. [PMID: 27939945 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is currently considered as the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of severe dengue disease. Many studies have shown that precursor (pr) peptide-specific antibodies do not efficiently neutralize infection but potently promote ADE of dengue virus (DENV) infection. To explore the effect of pr peptide substitution on neutralization and ADE of DENV infection, the rabbit anti-prM polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) and anti-JEVpr/DENV-M pAbs were prepared, and the neutralization and ADE of these two pAbs were further compared. Here, we report that both anti-JEVpr/DENV-M and anti-prM pAbs exhibited broad cross-reactivity and only partial neutralization with four DENV serotypes and immature DENV. Rabbit anti-prM pAbs showed a significant enhancement in a broad range of serum dilutions. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the enhancing activity of rabbit anti-JEVpr/DENV-M pAbs at various levels of dilution. These results demonstrate that anti-prM antibody-mediated ADE can be prevented by JEV pr peptide replacement. The present study contribute further to research on the pathogenesis of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China; Institute of Nanomedicine Technology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institutional Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, 12th 5-Year Project of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, PR China.
| | - Lu-Lu Si
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lan Guo
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Guo-Hui Cui
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Dan-Yun Fang
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Jun-Mei Zhou
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Hui-Jun Yan
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
| | - Li-Fang Jiang
- Key laboratory for Tropic Diseases Control, Ministry of Education of China, Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, PR China.
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240
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Stephen P, Baz M, Boivin G, Lin SX. Structural Insight into NS5 of Zika Virus Leading to the Discovery of MTase Inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16212-16215. [PMID: 27998085 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus recently linked to intrauterine growth restriction including abnormal fetal brain development. The recent outbreak of ZIKV reached pandemic level resulting in an alarming public health emergency. At present, there is limited understanding of the infectious mechanism and no approved therapy. Nonstructural protein 5 is essential for capping and replication of viral RNA and comprises a methyltransferase (MTase) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase domain. Here we used molecular modeling to obtain the structure of ZIKV MTase and molecular docking to identify the additional hydrophobic region uniquely conserved in flavivirus MTase that can be used as a druggable site. Subsequently, a virtual screening with a library of 28 341 compounds identified 10 best hits showing decisive contacts with the MTase. In vitro efficacy analysis of these compounds against ZIKV, by plaque reduction assay, has confirmed four of the top scored ligands (Life Chemicals ID: F3043-0013, F0922-0796, F1609-0442, and F1750-0048) having EC50 (50% effective concentration) values of 4.8 ± 2.3, 12.5 ± 7.4, 17.5 ± 8.4, and 17.6 ± 3.1 μM respectively, identifying lead compounds for anti-ZIKV drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyesh Stephen
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University , Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Mariana Baz
- Axe Infectious Disease, CHU Research Center and Laval University , Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Axe Infectious Disease, CHU Research Center and Laval University , Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University , Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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241
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Dhole P, Nakayama EE, Saito A, Limkittikul K, Phanthanawiboon S, Shioda T, Kurosu T. Sequence diversity of dengue virus type 2 in brain and thymus of infected interferon receptor ko mice: implications for dengue virulence. Virol J 2016; 13:199. [PMID: 27903277 PMCID: PMC5129197 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that a clinical isolate of dengue virus (DENV) is capable of causing acute-phase systemic infection in mice harboring knockouts of the genes encoding type-I and -II interferon IFN receptors (IFN-α/β/γR KO mice); in contrast, other virulent DENV isolates exhibited slow disease progression in this mice, yielding lethal infection around 20 days post-infection (p.i.). In the present study, we sought to clarify the dynamics of slow disease progression by examining disease progression of a type-2 DENV clinical isolate (DV2P04/08) in mice. METHODS The tissue distributions of DV2P04/08 in several organs of infeted mice were examined at different time points. Whole genome viral sequences from organs were determined. RESULTS At day 6 p.i., high levels of viral RNA (vRNA) were detected in non-neuronal organs (including peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), spleen, kidney, liver, lung, and bone marrow) but not in brain. By day 14 p.i, vRNA levels subsequently decreased in most organs, with the exception of thymus and brain. Sequence analysis of the whole genome of the original P04/08 and those of viruses recovered from mouse brain and thymus demonstrated the presence of both synonymous and non-synonymous mutations. Individual mice showed different virus populations in the brain. The vRNA sequence derived from brain of one mouse was nearly identical to the original DV2P04/08 inoculum, suggesting that there was no need for adaptation of DV2P04/08 for growth in the brain. However, quasispecies (that is, mixed populations, detected as apparent nucleotide mixtures during sequencing) were observed in the thymus of another mouse, and interestingly only mutant population invaded the brain at a late stage of infection. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the mouse nearly succeeded in eliminating virus from non-neuronal organs but failed to do so from brain. Although the cause of death by DV2P04/08 infection is likely to be the result of virus invasion to brain, its processes to the death are different in individual mice. This study will provide a new insight into disease progression of DENV in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dhole
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi E Nakayama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology I, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kuzmenko YV, Smirnova OA, Ivanov AV, Starodubova ES, Karpov VL. Nonstructural Protein 1 of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Induces Oxidative Stress and Activates Antioxidant Defense by the Nrf2/ARE Pathway. Intervirology 2016; 59:111-117. [DOI: 10.1159/000452160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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243
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Rose N, Pinho-Nascimento CA, Ruggieri A, Favuzza P, Tamborrini M, Roth H, Baroni de Moraes MT, Matile H, Jänisch T, Pluschke G, Röltgen K. Generation of monoclonal antibodies against native viral proteins using antigen-expressing mammalian cells for mouse immunization. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:83. [PMID: 27876044 PMCID: PMC5120561 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their rising incidence and progressive geographical spread, infections with mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue (DENV), chikungunya and zika virus, have developed into major public health challenges. Since all of these viruses may cause similar symptoms and can occur in concurrent epidemics, tools for their differential diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring are of urgent need. Results Here we report the application of a novel strategy to rapidly generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against native viral antigens, exemplified for the DENV nonstructural glycoprotein 1 (NS1). The described system is based on the immunization of mice with transfected mammalian cells expressing the target antigens in multiple displays on their cell surface and thereby presenting them efficiently to the host immune system in their native conformation. By applying this cell-based approach to the DENV NS1 protein of serotypes 1 (D1NS1) and 4 (D4NS1), we were able to rapidly generate panels of DENV NS1 serotype cross-reactive, as well as D1NS1- and D4NS1 serotype-specific mAbs. Our data show that the generated mAbs were capable of recognizing the endogenous NS1 protein in DENV-containing biological samples. Conclusion The use of this novel immunization strategy, allows for a fast and efficient generation of hybridoma cell lines, producing mAbs against native viral antigens. Envisaged applications of the mAbs include the development of test platforms enabling a differentiation of the DENV serotypes and high resolution immunotyping for epidemiological studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0314-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Rose
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paola Favuzza
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Tamborrini
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Roth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hugues Matile
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Jänisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Pluschke
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Molecular Immunology, Basel, Switzerland. .,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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244
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Liu L, Zhang S, Wu D, Song J, Li A, Zhang H, Wu W, Tan Q, Li C, Zhang Q, Zhou H, Liang M, Ke C, Li D. Identification and genetic characterization of Zika virus isolated from an imported case in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 48:40-46. [PMID: 27810502 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a reemerging flavivirus that stroke Brazil in 2015 and appeared in China for the first time in 2016. Sequencing and genomic analysis are essential for Zika virus study. However, the complete genome length of Zika virus is still a disputable issue. In this study, we reported the complete genomic sequence of Zika virus strain ZKC2/2016 from an imported case in China, in February 2016. The virus was isolated and virus characteristics were identified by cytopathic effect, quantitative real time-PCR, immunofluorescence assay and electronic microscopy. Next generation sequencing (NGS) technique and 5' and 3' Rapid Amplification cDNA Ends (RACE) PCR were used to sequence the complete genome. The genome length of this newly obtained Zika virus strain is 10,807base pairs (bp). Genetic analysis showed that ZKC2/2016, along with other Chinese Zika virus strains in 2016, formed three clusters within Asian linage. Multiple sequence alignment and prediction of RNA secondary structure of untranslated regions (UTRs) of ZKC2/2016 and several other ZIKV strains indicated that the difference of ZIKV genome length mainly laid in UTRs. Besides, those genomes shorter than 10,790bp were probably incomplete due to lacking conserved secondary RNA structures in untranslated regions which were playing important roles in flavivirus replication. Our findings benefited the disease control of Zika fever in China and the study of Zika virus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - De Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingdong Song
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Aqian Li
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Tan
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Li
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Quanfu Zhang
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mifang Liang
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dexin Li
- NHFPC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika Virus (ZIKV), previously the cause of only rare and sporadic human infections, is now considered a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Over the past two years, ZIKV has become a pandemic encompassing much of the Americas. ZIKV is now proven to cause microcephaly and ophthalmic anomalies in the newborn. Hydrops fetalis, developmental delay, and other anomalies are increasingly being attributed to ZIKV infection in fetuses and neonates. Sequelae of congenital infection and rapid spread of ZIKV throughout the Americas has catapulted Zika virus concerns to the forefront of the medical community. Areas covered: This review seeks to consolidate ZIKV epidemiology, diagnostic testing methods, CDC screening recommendations, and preventive strategies including potential vaccines. Expert commentary: Many unknowns still exist regarding ZIKV infections and its long-term effects in neonates. In addition, further studies need to evaluate if genomic differences that have occurred from the African to the Asian lineage of the virus have led to increased virulence of the virus. The authors believe that all pregnant women with fetuses showing microcephaly and/or intracranial calcifications should be tested for ZIKV infection if they cannot recall their sexual partner travel history. This change from the current CDCs recommendations could increase substantially the number of pregnant women and neonates, screened for ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucila Marquez
- b Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Mohan Pammi
- c Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
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246
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Medin CL, Rothman AL. Zika Virus: The Agent and Its Biology, With Relevance to Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 141:33-42. [PMID: 27763795 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0409-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Once obscure, Zika virus (ZIKV) has attracted significant medical and scientific attention in the past year because of large outbreaks associated with the recent introduction of this virus into the Western hemisphere. In particular, the occurrence of severe congenital infections and cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome has placed this virus squarely in the eyes of clinical and anatomic pathologists. This review article provides a basic introduction to ZIKV, its genetics, its structural characteristics, and its biology. A multidisciplinary effort will be essential to establish clinicopathologic correlations of the basic virology of ZIKV in order to advance development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan L Rothman
- From the Institute for Immunology and Informatics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Providence. Drs Medin and Rothman both contributed equally to the manuscript
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247
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Zhu L, Lu H, Cao Y, Gai X, Guo C, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang X. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Isolate SD-15. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165044. [PMID: 27764206 PMCID: PMC5072660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the major pathogens, bovine viral diarrhea virus caused a significant economic loss to the livestock industry worldwide. Although BVDV infections have increasingly been reported in China in recent years, the molecular aspects of those BVDV strains were barely characterized. In this study, we reported the identification and characterization of a novel BVDV isolate designated as SD-15 from cattle, which is associated with an outbreak characterized by severe hemorrhagic and mucous diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality in Shandong, China. SD-15 was revealed to be a noncytopathic BVDV, and has a complete genomic sequence of 12,285 nucleotides that contains a large open reading frame encoding 3900 amino acids. Alignment analysis showed that SD-15 has 93.8% nucleotide sequence identity with BVDV ZM-95 isolate, a previous BVDV strain isolated from pigs manifesting clinical signs and lesions resembling to classical swine fever. Phylogenetic analysis clustered SD-15 to a BVDV-1m subgenotype. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of glycoproteins revealed that E2 has several highly conserved and variable regions within BVDV-1 genotypes. An additional N-glycosylation site (240NTT) was revealed exclusively in SD-15-encoded E2 in addition to four potential glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) shared by all BVDV-1 genotypes. Furthermore, unique amino acid and linear epitope mutations were revealed in SD-15-encoded Erns glycoprotein compared with known BVDV-1 genotype. In conclusion, we have isolated a noncytopathic BVDV-1m strain that is associated with a disease characterized by high morbidity and mortality, revealed the complete genome sequence of the first BVDV-1m virus originated from cattle, and found a unique glycosylation site in E2 and a linear epitope mutation in Erns encoded by SD-15 strain. Those results will broaden the current understanding of BVDV infection and lay a basis for future investigation on SD-15-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisai Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Haibing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Xiaochun Gai
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Changming Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- Guangdong Haid Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Guangzhou, China 511400
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
- * E-mail: ,
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Inhibition of the Membrane Attack Complex by Dengue Virus NS1 through Interaction with Vitronectin and Terminal Complement Proteins. J Virol 2016; 90:9570-9581. [PMID: 27512066 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00912-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infects millions of people worldwide and is a major public health problem. DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a conserved glycoprotein that associates with membranes and is also secreted into the plasma in DENV-infected patients. The present study describes a novel mechanism by which NS1 inhibits the terminal complement pathway. We first identified the terminal complement regulator vitronectin (VN) as a novel DENV2 NS1 binding partner by using a yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was further assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay. The NS1-VN complex was also detected in plasmas from DENV-infected patients, suggesting that this interaction occurs during DENV infection. We also demonstrated that the DENV2 NS1 protein, either by itself or by interacting with VN, hinders the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) and C9 polymerization. Finally, we showed that DENV2, West Nile virus (WNV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) NS1 proteins produced in mammalian cells inhibited C9 polymerization. Taken together, our results points to a role for NS1 as a terminal pathway inhibitor of the complement system. IMPORTANCE Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease nowadays and is caused by dengue virus (DENV). The flavivirus NS1 glycoprotein has been characterized functionally as a complement evasion protein that can attenuate the activation of the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. The present study describes a novel mechanism by which DENV NS1 inhibits the terminal complement pathway. We identified the terminal complement regulator vitronectin (VN) as a novel DENV NS1 binding partner, and the NS1-VN complex was detected in plasmas from DENV-infected patients, suggesting that this interaction occurs during DENV infection. We also demonstrated that the NS1-VN complex inhibited membrane attack complex (MAC) formation, thus interfering with the complement terminal pathway. Interestingly, NS1 itself also inhibited MAC activity, suggesting a direct role of this protein in the inhibition process. Our findings imply a role for NS1 as a terminal pathway inhibitor of the complement system.
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249
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Melo CFOR, de Oliveira DN, Lima EDO, Guerreiro TM, Esteves CZ, Beck RM, Padilla MA, Milanez GP, Arns CW, Proença-Modena JL, Souza-Neto JA, Catharino RR. A Lipidomics Approach in the Characterization of Zika-Infected Mosquito Cells: Potential Targets for Breaking the Transmission Cycle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164377. [PMID: 27723844 PMCID: PMC5056752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus in Oceania and Latin America, accompanied by unexpected clinical complications, made this infection a global public health concern. This virus has tropism to neural tissue, leading to microcephaly in newborns in a significant proportion of infected mothers. The clinical relevance of this infection, the difficulty to perform accurate diagnosis and the small amount of data in literature indicate the necessity of studies on Zika infection in order to characterize new biomarkers of this infection and to establish new targets for viral control in vertebrates and invertebrate vectors. Thus, this study aims at establishing a lipidomics profile of infected mosquito cells compared to a control group to define potential targets for viral control in mosquitoes. Thirteen lipids were elected as specific markers for Zika virus infection (Brazilian strain), which were identified as putatively linked to the intracellular mechanism of viral replication and/or cell recognition. Our findings bring biochemical information that may translate into useful targets for breaking the transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Noin de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Estela de Oliveira Lima
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Melina Guerreiro
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Cibele Zanardi Esteves
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Raissa Marques Beck
- Animal viruses Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marina Aiello Padilla
- Animal viruses Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Paier Milanez
- Emerging viruses study Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Animal viruses Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Modena
- Emerging viruses study Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Jayme Augusto Souza-Neto
- Vector Functional Genomics & Microbiology Laboratory, UNESP Institute of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University, Alameda das Tecomarias s/n, Botucatu, 18607-440, Brazil
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Rua José Barbosa 1780, Botucatu, 18610-307, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-877, Brazil
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250
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Ershova AS, Gra OA, Lyaschuk AM, Grunina TM, Tkachuk AP, Bartov MS, Savina DM, Sergienko OV, Galushkina ZM, Gudov VP, Kozlovskaya LI, Kholodilov IS, Gmyl LV, Karganova GG, Lunin VG, Karyagina AS, Gintsburg AL. Recombinant domains III of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus envelope protein in combination with dextran and CpGs induce immune response and partial protectiveness against TBE virus infection in mice. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:544. [PMID: 27717318 PMCID: PMC5054610 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E protein of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and other flaviviruses is located on the surface of the viral particle. Domain III of this protein seems to be a promising component of subunit vaccines for prophylaxis of TBE and kits for diagnostics of TBEV. METHODS Three variants of recombinant TBEV E protein domain III of European, Siberian and Far Eastern subtypes fused with dextran-binding domain of Leuconostoc citreum KM20 were expressed in E. coli and purified. The native structure of domain III was confirmed by ELISA antibody kit and sera of patients with tick-borne encephalitis. Immunogenic and protective properties of the preparation comprising these recombinant proteins immobilized on a dextran carrier with CpG oligonucleotides as an adjuvant were investigated on the mice model. RESULTS All 3 variants of recombinant proteins immobilized on dextran demonstrate specific interaction with antibodies from the sera of TBE patients. Thus, constructed recombinant proteins seem to be promising for TBE diagnostics. The formulation comprising the 3 variants of recombinant antigens immobilized on dextran and CpG oligonucleotides, induces the production of neutralizing antibodies against TBEV of different subtypes and demonstrates partial protectivity against TBEV infection. CONCLUSIONS Studied proteins interact with the sera of TBE patients, and, in combination with dextran and CPGs, demonstrate immunogenicity and limited protectivity on mice compared with reference "Tick-E-Vac" vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Ershova
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia. .,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| | - Olga A Gra
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | | | - Tatyana M Grunina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Artem P Tkachuk
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Bartov
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Darya M Savina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Olga V Sergienko
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Zoya M Galushkina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Gudov
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - Liubov I Kozlovskaya
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Ivan S Kholodilov
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Larissa V Gmyl
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Galina G Karganova
- Chumakov Institute of poliomyelitis and viral encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Lunin
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia
| | - Anna S Karyagina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, 127550, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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