201
|
Rösslein M, Elliott JT, Salit M, Petersen EJ, Hirsch C, Krug HF, Wick P. Use of Cause-and-Effect Analysis to Design a High-Quality Nanocytotoxicology Assay. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:21-30. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500327y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rösslein
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - John T. Elliott
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Marc Salit
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Harald F. Krug
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Peter Wick
- Materials-Biology Interactions Laboratory, and ‡International
Research Cooperations Manager, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Testing and Research (Empa), CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Cell Systems Science
Group, and ∥Genome Scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Vinković Vrček I, Pavičić I, Crnković T, Jurašin D, Babič M, Horák D, Lovrić M, Ferhatović L, Ćurlin M, Gajović S. Does surface coating of metallic nanoparticles modulate their interference with in vitro assays? RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental setup for in vitro evaluation of metallic nanoparticles where interferences depend on metal core, surface coating, and the test system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Tea Crnković
- Faculty for Pharmacy and Biochemistry
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Darija Jurašin
- Division of Physical Chemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Michal Babič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Horák
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 162 06 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Marija Lovrić
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Lejla Ferhatović
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- School of Medicine
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research
- University of Zagreb
- 10 000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Chishti AA, Hellweg CE, Berger T, Baumstark-Khan C, Feles S, Kätzel T, Reitz G. Constitutive expression of tdTomato protein as a cytotoxicity and proliferation marker for space radiation biology. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2015; 4:35-45. [PMID: 26177619 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The radiation risk assessment for long-term space missions requires knowledge on the biological effectiveness of different space radiation components, e.g. heavy ions, on the interaction of radiation and other space environmental factors such as microgravity, and on the physical and biological dose distribution in the human body. Space experiments and ground-based experiments at heavy ion accelerators require fast and reliable test systems with an easy readout for different endpoints. In order to determine the effect of different radiation qualities on cellular proliferation and the biological depth dose distribution after heavy ion exposure, a stable human cell line expressing a novel fluorescent protein was established and characterized. tdTomato, a red fluorescent protein of the new generation with fast maturation and high fluorescence intensity, was selected as reporter of cell proliferation. Human embryonic kidney (HEK/293) cells were stably transfected with a plasmid encoding tdTomato under the control of the constitutively active cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (ptdTomato-N1). The stably transfected cell line was named HEK-ptdTomato-N1 8. This cytotoxicity biosensor was tested by ionizing radiation (X-rays and accelerated heavy ions) exposure. As biological endpoints, the proliferation kinetics and the cell density reached 100 h after irradiation reflected by constitutive expression of the tdTomato were investigated. Both were reduced dose-dependently after radiation exposure. Finally, the cell line was used for biological weighting of heavy ions of different linear energy transfer (LET) as space-relevant radiation quality. The relative biological effectiveness of accelerated heavy ions in reducing cellular proliferation peaked at an LET of 91 keV/μm. The results of this study demonstrate that the HEK-ptdTomato-N1 reporter cell line can be used as a fast and reliable biosensor system for detection of cytotoxic damage caused by ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif A Chishti
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| | - Christine E Hellweg
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| | - Thomas Berger
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Feles
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| | - Thorben Kätzel
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| | - Günther Reitz
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, D-51147 Köln, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Abstract
Fluorinated graphenes (F-G) might inevitably be released into the environment through disposal and wearing of future commercial products incorporated with F-G. Therefore, we determined their cytotoxicity in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhe Teo
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
- 166 28 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Filip Šembera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Janoušek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR
- 166 10 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
- Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Wolfram J, Zhu M, Yang Y, Shen J, Gentile E, Paolino D, Fresta M, Nie G, Chen C, Shen H, Ferrari M, Zhao Y. Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16:1671-81. [PMID: 26601723 PMCID: PMC4964712 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666140804124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. During the past two decades, a growing number of nanomedicines have received regulatory approval and many more show promise for future clinical translation. In this context, it is important to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles in order to achieve biocompatibility and desired activity. However, it is unwarranted to make generalized statements regarding the safety of nanoparticles, since the field of nanomedicine comprises a multitude of different manufactured nanoparticles made from various materials. Indeed, several nanotherapeutics that are currently approved, such as Doxil and Abraxane, exhibit fewer side effects than their small molecule counterparts, while other nanoparticles (e.g. metallic and carbon-based particles) tend to display toxicity. However, the hazardous nature of certain nanomedicines could be exploited for the ablation of diseased tissue, if selective targeting can be achieved. This review discusses the mechanisms for molecular, cellular, organ, and immune system toxicity, which can be observed with a subset of nanoparticles. Strategies for improving the safety of nanoparticles by surface modification and pretreatment with immunomodulators are also discussed. Additionally, important considerations for nanoparticle safety assessment are reviewed. In regards to clinical application, stricter regulations for the approval of nanomedicines might not be required. Rather, safety evaluation assays should be adjusted to be more appropriate for engineered nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Newman P, Lu Z, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Church TL, Biro M, Davies B, King A, Mackenzie K, Minett AI, Zreiqat H. Porous and strong three-dimensional carbon nanotube coated ceramic scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8337-8347. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A method to coat high-quality uniform coatings of carbon nanotubes throughout 3D porous structures is developed. Testing of their physical and biological properties demonstrate their potential for application in tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
207
|
Canapè C, Foillard S, Bonafè R, Maiocchi A, Doris E. Comparative assessment of the in vitro toxicity of some functionalized carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes with different surface coatings are evaluated for their potential cytotoxicity on a panel of cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Canapè
- Bracco Imaging S. p. A
- Centro Ricerche Bracco
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - Stéphanie Foillard
- CEA
- iBiTecS
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| | - Roberta Bonafè
- Bracco Imaging S. p. A
- Centro Ricerche Bracco
- 10010 Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | | | - Eric Doris
- CEA
- iBiTecS
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage
- 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
- France
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Liang L, Cui M, Zhang M, Zheng P, Deng Z, Gao S, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Xie L. Nanoparticles' interference in the evaluation of in vitro toxicity of silver nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05863e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the interference of silver nanoparticles on the toxicity evaluations. For accurate toxicity evaluation of nanoparticles, it would be very necessary to limit particle concentrations or choose other approaches free from the interference.
Collapse
|
209
|
Evaluation of Lung Toxicity of Biodegradable Nanoparticles. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
210
|
Theodorou IG, Ryan MP, Tetley TD, Porter AE. Inhalation of silver nanomaterials--seeing the risks. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23936-74. [PMID: 25535082 PMCID: PMC4284799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Demand for silver engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is increasing rapidly in optoelectronic and in health and medical applications due to their antibacterial, thermal, electrical conductive, and other properties. The continued commercial up-scaling of ENM production and application needs to be accompanied by an understanding of the occupational health, public safety and environmental implications of these materials. There have been numerous in vitro studies and some in vivo studies of ENM toxicity but their results are frequently inconclusive. Some of the variability between studies has arisen due to a lack of consistency between experimental models, since small differences between test materials can markedly alter their behaviour. In addition, the propensity for the physicochemistry of silver ENMs to alter, sometimes quite radically, depending on the environment they encounter, can profoundly alter their bioreactivity. Consequently, it is important to accurately characterise the materials before use, at the point of exposure and at the nanomaterial-tissue, or "nanobio", interface, to be able to appreciate their environmental impact. This paper reviews current literature on the pulmonary effects of silver nanomaterials. We focus our review on describing whether, and by which mechanisms, the chemistry and structure of these materials can be linked to their bioreactivity in the respiratory system. In particular, the mechanisms by which the physicochemical properties (e.g., aggregation state, morphology and chemistry) of silver nanomaterials change in various biological milieu (i.e., relevant proteins, lipids and other molecules, and biofluids, such as lung surfactant) and affect subsequent interactions with and within cells will be discussed, in the context not only of what is measured but also of what can be visualized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Theodorou
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mary P Ryan
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Teresa D Tetley
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
| | - Alexandra E Porter
- Department of Materials and London Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Li X, Liu W, Sun L, Aifantis KE, Yu B, Fan Y, Feng Q, Cui F, Watari F. Effects of physicochemical properties of nanomaterials on their toxicity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2499-507. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lianwen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Katerina E. Aifantis
- Department of Civil Engineering-Engineering Mechanics; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics; Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510282 China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qingling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fuzhai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Fumio Watari
- Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University; Sapporo 8586 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Hirn S, Haberl N, Loza K, Epple M, Kreyling WG, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Rehberg M, Krombach F. Proinflammatory and cytotoxic response to nanoparticles in precision-cut lung slices. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:2440-2449. [PMID: 25671139 PMCID: PMC4311658 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are an established ex vivo alternative to in vivo experiments in pharmacotoxicology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of PCLS as a tool in nanotoxicology studies. Silver (Ag-NPs) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) nanoparticles as well as quartz particles were used because these materials have been previously shown in several in vitro and in vivo studies to induce a dose-dependent cytotoxic and inflammatory response. PCLS were exposed to three concentrations of 70 nm monodisperse polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated Ag-NPs under submerged culture conditions in vitro. ZnO-NPs (NM110) served as 'soluble' and quartz particles (Min-U-Sil) as 'non-soluble' control particles. After 4 and 24 h, the cell viability and the release of proinflammatory cytokines was measured. In addition, multiphoton microscopy was employed to assess the localization of Ag-NPs in PCLS after 24 h of incubation. Exposure of PCLS to ZnO-NPs for 4 and 24 h resulted in a strong decrease in cell viability, while quartz particles had no cytotoxic effect. Moreover, only a slight cytotoxic response was detected by LDH release after incubation of PCLS with 20 or 30 µg/mL of Ag-NPs. Interestingly, none of the particles tested induced a proinflammatory response in PCLS. Finally, multiphoton microscopy revealed that the Ag-NP were predominantly localized at the cut surface and only to a much lower extent in the deeper layers of the PCLS. In summary, only 'soluble' ZnO-NPs elicited a strong cytotoxic response. Therefore, we suggest that the cytotoxic response in PCLS was caused by released Zn(2+) ions rather than by the ZnO-NPs themselves. Moreover, Ag-NPs were predominantly localized at the cut surface of PCLS but not in deeper regions, indicating that the majority of the particles did not have the chance to interact with all cells present in the tissue slice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PCLS may have some limitations when used for nanotoxicology studies. To strengthen this conclusion, however, other NP types and concentrations need to be tested in further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hirn
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Haberl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kreyling
- Institute of Epidemiology 2, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Université de Fribourg, Route de l'ancienne Papeterie CP 209, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz Krombach
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Dong C, EIdawud R, Sargent LM, Kashon ML, Lowry D, Rojanasakul Y, Dinu CZ. Towards Elucidating the Effects of Purified MWCNTs on Human Lung Epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 1:95-603. [PMID: 25485116 PMCID: PMC4254708 DOI: 10.1039/c4en00102h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of engineered nanomaterials is associated with their inherent properties, both physical and chemical. Recent studies have shown that exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) promotes tumors and tumor-associated pathologies and lead to carcinogenesis in model in vivo systems. Here in we examined the potential of purified MWCNTs used at occupationally relevant exposure doses for particles not otherwise regulated to affect human lung epithelial cells. The uptake of the purified MWCNTs was evaluated using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), while the effects on cell fate were assessed using 2- (4-iodophenyl) - 3- (4-nitrophenyl) - 5-(2, 4-disulfophenyl) -2H-tetrazolium salt colorimetric assay, cell cycle and nanoindentation. Our results showed that exposure to MWCNTs reduced cell metabolic activity and induced cell cycle arrest. Our analysis further emphasized that MWCNTs-induced cellular fate results from multiple types of interactions that could be analyzed by means of intracellular biomechanical changes and are pivotal in understanding the underlying MWCNTs-induced cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| | - Reem EIdawud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV, 26505, USA
| | - Michael L. Kashon
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV, 26505, USA
| | - David Lowry
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown WV, 26505, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Chng ELK, Sofer Z, Pumera M. MoS₂ exhibits stronger toxicity with increased exfoliation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14412-14418. [PMID: 25341082 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MoS₂ belong to a class of inorganic 2D nanomaterials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) which have recently attracted a renewed and growing interest due to their interesting electronic and catalytic properties when scaled down to single or few layer sheets. Although exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets have been proposed for numerous energy-related and biosensing applications, little is known about the toxicological impacts of using MoS₂ nanosheets. Here, we report about the in vitro toxicity of MoS₂ nanosheets that have been chemically exfoliated with different lithium intercalating agents and compared their respective cytotoxic influence. Methyllithium (Me-Li), n-butyllithium (n-Bu-Li) and tert-butyllithium (t-Bu-Li) were used for the exfoliation of bulk MoS₂ and we found the t-Bu-Li and n-Bu-Li exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets to be more cytotoxic than MoS₂ exfoliated by Me-Li. t-Bu-Li and n-Bu-Li provide more efficient exfoliation over Me-Li, and we establish that the extent of exfoliation that MoS₂ undergo is a factor influencing their toxicity. Specifically, the more exfoliated the MoS₂ nanosheets, the stronger its cytotoxic influence, which may be due to an increase in surface area and active edge sites. The potential toxicity of these MoS₂ nanosheets should be taken into account before their employment in real world applications and we have shown the effect the amount of exfoliation can have on the toxicity of MoS₂ nanosheets, representing the first step towards a better understanding of their toxicological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lay Khim Chng
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
215
|
Sweeney S, Berhanu D, Misra SK, Thorley AJ, Valsami-Jones E, Tetley TD. Multi-walled carbon nanotube length as a critical determinant of bioreactivity with primary human pulmonary alveolar cells. CARBON 2014; 78:26-37. [PMID: 25780270 PMCID: PMC4357847 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) length is suggested to critically determine their pulmonary toxicity. This stems from in vitro and in vivo rodent studies and in vitro human studies using cell lines (typically cancerous). There is little data using primary human lung cells. We addressed this knowledge gap, using highly relevant, primary human alveolar cell models exposed to precisely synthesized and thoroughly characterized MWCNTs. In this work, transformed human alveolar type-I-like epithelial cells (TT1), primary human alveolar type-II epithelial cells (ATII) and alveolar macrophages (AM) were treated with increasing concentrations of MWCNTs before measuring cytotoxicity, inflammatory mediator release and MAP kinase signalling. Strikingly, we observed that short MWCNTs (~0.6 µm in length) induced significantly greater responses from the epithelial cells, whilst AM were particularly susceptible to long MWCNTs (~20 µm). These differences in the pattern of mediator release were associated with alternative profiles of JNK, p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinase signal transduction within each cell type. This study, using highly relevant target human alveolar cells and well defined and characterized MWCNTs, shows marked cellular responses to the MWCNTs that vary according to the target cell type, as well as the aspect ratio of the MWCNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinbad Sweeney
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Deborah Berhanu
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Physical Sciences Department, Kingsborough Community College, City University of New York, 2001 Oriental Boulevard, New York, NY 11235
| | - Superb K. Misra
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew J. Thorley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Eugenia Valsami-Jones
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 2TT, UK
| | - Teresa D. Tetley
- Lung Cell Biology, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
|
217
|
Abstract
The number of studies that have been published on the topic of nanosafety speaks for itself. We have seen an almost exponential rise over the past 15 years or so in the number of articles on nanotoxicology. Although only a couple of hundred papers had appeared on the topic of "Nanomaterials: environmental and health effects" before 2000, this number has exploded to over 10 000 since 2001. Most of these studies, however, do not offer any kind of clear statement on the safety of nanomaterials. On the contrary, most of them are either self-contradictory or arrive at completely erroneous conclusions. Three years ago in this Journal we underscored the deficiencies in the way these studies were designed and pointed out the sources of error in the methods used. Now, on the basis of a comprehensive review of the literature and with the help of selected toxicological end points, we attempt to indicate where the significant weaknesses of these studies lie and what we must improve in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald F Krug
- International Reserach Cooperations Manager, Empa, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014 (Switzerland).
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
|
219
|
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an important class of nanomaterials, which have numerous novel properties that make them useful in technology and industry. Generally, there are two types of CNTs: single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled nanotubes. SWNTs, in particular, possess unique electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, allowing for a wide range of applications in various fields, including the electronic, computer, aerospace, and biomedical industries. However, the use of SWNTs has come under scrutiny, not only due to their peculiar nanotoxicological profile, but also due to the forecasted increase in SWNT production in the near future. As such, the risk of human exposure is likely to be increased substantially. Yet, our understanding of the toxicological risk of SWNTs in human biology remains limited. This review seeks to examine representative data on the nanotoxicity of SWNTs by first considering how SWNTs are absorbed, distributed, accumulated and excreted in a biological system, and how SWNTs induce organ-specific toxicity in the body. The contradictory findings of numerous studies with regards to the potential hazards of SWNT exposure are discussed in this review. The possible mechanisms and molecular pathways associated with SWNT nanotoxicity in target organs and specific cell types are presented. We hope that this review will stimulate further research into the fundamental aspects of CNTs, especially the biological interactions which arise due to the unique intrinsic characteristics of CNTs.
Collapse
|
220
|
Hussain N, Gogoi A, Sarma RK, Sharma P, Barras A, Boukherroub R, Saikia R, Sengupta P, Das MR. Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Decorated with Au Nanoparticles as an Effective Bactericide: Investigation of Biocompatibility and Leakage of Sugars and Proteins. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
221
|
Breznan D, Das D, MacKinnon-Roy C, Simard B, Kumarathasan P, Vincent R. Non-specific interaction of carbon nanotubes with the resazurin assay reagent: impact on in vitro assessment of nanoparticle cytotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 29:142-7. [PMID: 25283091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro cytotoxicity assays are essential tools in the screening of engineered nanomaterials (NM) for cellular toxicity. The resazurin live cell assay is widely used because it is non-destructive and is well suited for high-throughput platforms. However, NMs, in particular carbon nanotubes (CNT) can interfere in assays through quenching of transmitted light or fluorescence. We show that using the resazurin assay with time-point reading of clarified supernatants resolves this problem. Human lung epithelial (A549) and murine macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines were exposed to NMs in 96-well plates in 200 μL of media/well. After 24 h incubation, 100 μL of supernatant was removed, replaced with resazurin reagent in culture media and aliquots at 10 min and 120 min were transferred to black-wall 96-well plates. The plates were quick-spun to sediment the residual CNTs and fluorescence was top-read (λEx=540 nm, λEm=600 nm). The procedure was validated for CNTs as well as silica nanoparticles (SiNP). There was no indication of reduction of resazurin by the CNTs. Stability of resorufin, the fluorescent product of the resazurin reduction was then assessed. We found that polar CNTs could decrease the fluorescence signal for resorufin, possibly through oxidation to resazurin or hyper-reduction to hydroxyresorufin. This effect can be easily quantified for elimination of the bias. We recommend that careful consideration must be given to fluorimetric/colorimetric in vitro toxicological assessments of optically/chemically active NMs in order to relieve any potential artifacts due to the NMs themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Breznan
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, EHSRB, Research and Radiation Directorate, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Dharani Das
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Mechanistic Studies Division, EHSRB, Research and Radiation Directorate, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Christine MacKinnon-Roy
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, EHSRB, Research and Radiation Directorate, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- NRC Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Premkumari Kumarathasan
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Mechanistic Studies Division, EHSRB, Research and Radiation Directorate, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Renaud Vincent
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Hazard Identification Division, EHSRB, Research and Radiation Directorate, HECSB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Chen Y, Mu H, Zheng X. Chronic Response of Waste Activated Sludge Fermentation to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Chin J Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
223
|
Seo Y, Hwang J, Kim J, Jeong Y, Hwang MP, Choi J. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4621-9. [PMID: 25336943 PMCID: PMC4200021 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s69561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, various nanoscale materials, including silver (Ag) nanoparticles, have been actively studied for their capacity to effectively prevent bacterial growth. A critical challenge is to enhance the antibacterial properties of nanomaterials while maintaining their biocompatibility. The conjugation of multiple nanomaterials with different dimensions, such as spherical nanoparticles and high-aspect-ratio nanotubes, may increase the target-specific antibacterial capacity of the consequent nanostructure while retaining an optimal biocompatibility. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with a mixture of acids and decorated with Ag nanoparticles via a chemical reduction of Ag cations by ethanol solution. The synthesized Ag-MWCNT complexes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antibacterial function of Ag-MWCNTs was evaluated against Methylobacterium spp. and Sphingomonas spp. In addition, the biocompatibility of Ag-MWCNTs was evaluated using both mouse liver hepatocytes (AML 12) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Finally, we determined the minimum amount of Ag-MWCNTs required for a biocompatible yet effective antibacterial treatment modality. We report that 30 μg/mL of Ag-MWCNTs confers antibacterial functionality while maintaining minimal cytotoxicity toward both human and animal cells. The results reported herein would be beneficial for researchers interested in the efficient preparation of hybrid nanostructures and in determining the minimum amount of Ag-MWCNTs necessary to effectively hinder the growth of bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Seo
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jangsun Hwang
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea ; Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Bionano Technology, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Khalid P, Hussain MA, Rekha PD, Arun AB. Carbon nanotube-reinforced hydroxyapatite composite and their interaction with human osteoblast in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:548-56. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114550883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As a bone mineral component, hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an attractive bioceramic for the reconstruction of hard tissues. However, its poor mechanical properties, including low fracture toughness and tensile strength, have been a substantial challenge to the application of HA for the replacement of load-bearing and/or large bone defects. In this study, HA is reinforced with high-purity and well-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs; >99 wt%) having an average diameter of 15 nm and length from 10 to 20 μm. The cellular response of these functionalized CNTs and its composites were examined in human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) were used to synthesize HA in situ. MWCNTs were functionalized by heating at 100°C in 3:1 ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid for 60 min with stirring and dispersed in sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate by sonication. HA particles were produced in MWCNTs solution by adding Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (NH4)2HPO4 under vigorously stirring conditions. The composite was dried and washed in distilled water followed by heat treatment at 250°C to obtain CNT-HA powder. Physiochemical characterization of the composite material was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer. Furthermore, this study investigates the cytotoxic effects of functionalized-MWCNTs (f-MWCNTs) and its composites with HA in human osteoblast sarcoma cell lines. Human osteoblast cells were exposed with different concentrations of f-MWCNTs and its composite with HA. The interactions of f-MWCNT and MWCNT-HA composites were analyzed by 3-(4,5–dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The results indicate no detrimental effect on survival or mitochondrial activity of the osteoblast cells. Cell viability decreased with an increase in CNT concentration indicating that MWCNTs and its composite can be cytotoxic at higher dosages. This result provides further evidence that the bionano interface can be developed for CNT-reinforced HA composites for load-bearing bone implants, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Khalid
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Biotechnology, P. A. College of Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - MA Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - PD Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - AB Arun
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Koromilas ND, Lainioti GC, Gialeli C, Barbouri D, Kouravelou KB, Karamanos NK, Voyiatzis GA, Kallitsis JK. Preparation and toxicological assessment of functionalized carbon nanotube-polymer hybrids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107029. [PMID: 25229474 PMCID: PMC4167694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Hybrids were synthesized as potential materials for the development of membranes for water treatment applications in the field of Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs). Due to the toxicological concerns regarding the use of nanomaterials in water treatment as well as the rising demand for safe drinking water to protect public health, we studied the functionalization of MWCNTs and Thin-MWCNTs as to control their properties and increase their ability of embedment into porous anisotropic polymeric membranes. Following the growth of the hydrophilic monomer on the surface of the properly functionalized CNTs, that act as initiator for the controlled radical polymerization (ATRP) of sodium styrene sulfonate (SSNa), the antimicrobial quaternized phosphonium and ammonium salts were attached on CNTs-g-PSSNa through non-covalent bonding. In another approach the covalent attachment of quaternized ammonium polymeric moieties of acrylic acid-vinyl benzyl chloride copolymers with N,N-dimethylhexadecylamine (P(AA12-co-VBCHAM)) on functionalized CNTs has also been attempted. Finally, the toxicological assessment in terms of cell viability and cell morphological changes revealed that surface characteristics play a major role in the biological response of functionalized CNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos D. Koromilas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Georgia Ch. Lainioti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Chrisostomi Gialeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Despoina Barbouri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
| | | | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
- * E-mail: (JKK); (NKK)
| | - George A. Voyiatzis
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) / Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Rio-Patras, Greece
- * E-mail: (JKK); (NKK)
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
de Faria PCB, dos Santos LI, Coelho JP, Ribeiro HB, Pimenta MA, Ladeira LO, Gomes DA, Furtado CA, Gazzinelli RT. Oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as antigen delivery system to promote superior CD8(+) T cell response and protection against cancer. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5458-70. [PMID: 25115645 DOI: 10.1021/nl502911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Properties like high interfacial area with cellular membranes, unique ability to incorporate multiple functionalization, as well as compatibility and transport in biological fluids make carbon nanotubes (CNTs) useful for a variety of therapeutic and drug-delivery applications. Here we used a totally synthetic hybrid supramolecule as an anticancer vaccine formulation. This complex structure comprises CNTs as delivery system for the Cancer Testis Antigen named NY-ESO-1, allied to a synthetic Toll-Like Receptor agonist. The CNT constructs were rapidly internalized into dendritic cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and served as an intracellular antigen depot. This property favored the induction of strong CD4(+) T as well as CD8(+) T cell-mediated immune responses against the NY-ESO-1. Importantly, the vaccination significantly delayed the tumor development and prolonged the mice survival, highlighting the potential application of CNTs as a vaccine delivery system to provide superior immunogenicity and strong protection against cancer.
Collapse
|
227
|
Fisichella M, Berenguer F, Steinmetz G, Auffan M, Rose J, Prat O. Toxicity evaluation of manufactured CeO2 nanoparticles before and after alteration: combined physicochemical and whole-genome expression analysis in Caco-2 cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:700. [PMID: 25145350 PMCID: PMC4150968 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered nanomaterials may release nanosized residues, by degradation, throughout their life cycle. These residues may be a threat for living organisms. They may be ingested by humans through food and water. Although the toxicity of pristine CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) has been documented, there is a lack of studies on manufactured nanoparticles, which are often surface modified. Here, we investigated the potential adverse effects of CeO2 Nanobyk 3810™ NPs, used in wood care, and their residues, altered by light or acid. Results Human intestinal Caco-2 cells were exposed to residues degraded by daylight or in a medium simulating gastric acidity. Size and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering. The surface structure and redox state of cerium were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Viability tests were performed in Caco-2 cells exposed to NPs. Cell morphology was imaged with scanning electronic microscopy. Gene expression profiles obtained from cells exposed to NPs before and after their alteration were compared, to highlight differences in cellular functions. No change in the cerium redox state was observed for altered NPs. All CeO2 NPs suspended in the culture medium became microsized. Cytotoxicity tests showed no toxicity after Caco-2 cell exposure to these various NPs up to 170 μg/mL (24 h and 72 h). Nevertheless, a more-sensitive whole-gene-expression study, based on a pathway-driven analysis, highlighted a modification of metabolic activity, especially mitochondrial function, by altered Nanobyk 3810™. The down-regulation of key genes of this pathway was validated by qRT-PCR. Conversely, Nanobyk 3810™ coated with ammonium citrate did not display any adverse effect at the same concentration. Conclusion The degraded nanoparticles were more toxic than their coated counterparts. Desorption of the outside layer was the most likely cause of this discrepancy in toxicity. It can be assumed that the safe design of engineered nanoparticles could include robust protective layers conferring on them greater resistance to alteration during their life cycle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-700) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Odette Prat
- CEA, IBEB, SBTN, Laboratoire d'Etude des Protéines Cibles, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Simon A, Maletz SX, Hollert H, Schäffer A, Maes HM. Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on several eukaryotic cell lines: elucidating cytotoxicity, endocrine disruption, and reactive oxygen species generation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:396. [PMID: 25170332 PMCID: PMC4142056 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To date, only a few reports about studies on toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are available, and their results are often controversial. Three different cell lines (rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1), human adrenocortical carcinoma cells (T47Dluc), and human adrenocarcinoma cells (H295R)) were exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the antimicrobial agent triclocarban (TCC) as well as the mixture of both substances in a concentration range of 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L, 31.25 to 500 μg TCC/L, and 3.13 to 50 mg CNT/L + 1% TCC (percentage relative to carbon nanotubes concentration), respectively. Triclocarban is a high-production volume chemical that is widely used as an antimicrobial compound and is known for its toxicity, hydrophobicity, endocrine disruption, bioaccumulation potential, and environmental persistence. Carbon nanotubes are known to interact with hydrophobic organic compounds. Therefore, triclocarban was selected as a model substance to examine mixture toxicity in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and triclocarban on various toxicological endpoints was specified: neither cytotoxicity nor endocrine disruption could be observed after exposure of the three cell lines to carbon nanotubes, but the nanomaterial caused intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in all cell types. For TCC on the other hand, cell vitality of 80% could be observed at a concentration of 2.1 mg/L for treated RTL-W1 cells. A decrease of luciferase activity in the ER Calux assay at a triclocarban concentration of 125 μg/L and higher was observed. This effect was less pronounced when multiwalled carbon nanotubes were present in the medium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiwalled carbon nanotubes induce the production of reactive oxygen species in RTL-W1, T47Dluc, and H295R cells, reveal no cytotoxicity, and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of the biocide triclocarban.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Simon
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Sibylle X Maletz
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hanna M Maes
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, Aachen 52074, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Yao HJ, Zhang YG, Sun L, Liu Y. The effect of hyaluronic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes loaded with salinomycin on gastric cancer stem cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9208-23. [PMID: 25115788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in the initiation, development, relapse and metastasis of gastric cancer because they are resistant to a standard chemotherapy and the residual CSCs are able to proliferate indefinitely. Therefore, eradication of this cell population is a primary objective in gastric cancer therapy. Here, we report a gastric CSCs-specifically targeting drug delivery system (SAL-SWNT-CHI-HA complexes) based on chitosan(CHI) coated single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) loaded with salinomycin (SAL) functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) can selectively eliminate gastric CSCs. Gastric CSCs were identified as CD44+ cells and cultured in serum-free medium. SAL-SWNT-CHI-HA complexes were capable of inhibiting the self-renewal capacity of CD44+ population, and decrease mammosphere- and colon-formation of CSCs. In addition, the migration and invasion of gastric CSCs were significantly blocked by SAL-SWNT-CHI-HA complexes. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of cellular uptake demonstrated that HA functionalization facilitated the uptake of SWNTs in gastric CSCs while free HA competitively inhibited cellular uptake of SAL-SWNT-CHI-HA delivery system, revealing the mechanism of CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis. The SAL-SWNT-CHI-HA complexes showed the strongest antitumor efficacy in gastric CSCs by inducing apoptosis, and in CSCs mammospheres by penetrating deeply into the core. Taken altogether, our studies demonstrated that this gastric CSCs-targeted SAL-SWNT-CHI-HA complexes would provide a potential strategy to selectively target and efficiently eradicate gastric CSCs, which is promising to overcome the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer and improve gastric cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Yao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Academy of Beijing Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ying-Ge Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Academy of Beijing Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Lan Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Academy of Beijing Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Key Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Nanotoxicology, Academy of Beijing Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Lee SH, Park J, Kwon D, Yoon TH. An Image Cytometric MTT Assay as an Alternative Assessment Method of Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.7.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
231
|
Moradian H, Fasehee H, Keshvari H, Faghihi S. Poly(ethyleneimine) functionalized carbon nanotubes as efficient nano-vector for transfecting mesenchymal stem cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:115-125. [PMID: 25033431 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For gene and drug delivery applications, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have to be functionalized in order to become compatible with aqueous media and bind with genetic materials. In this study, combination of polyethyleneimine (PEI) grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PEI-g-MWCNTs) and chitosan substrate is used as an efficient gene delivery system for transfection of hard-to-transfect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis and zeta potential measurements are used to characterize binding of PEI, particle size distribution and colloidal stability of the functionalized CNTs, respectively. DNA binding affinity, cellular uptake, transfection efficiency and possible cytotoxicity are also tested by agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, cytochemisty and MTT assay. The results demonstrate that cytotoxic effect of PEI-g-MWCNTs is negligible under optimal transfection condition. In consistency with high cellular uptake (>82%), PEI-g-MWCNTs give higher delivery of EGFP into the BMSCs which results in a more sustained expression of the model gene (EGFP) in short-term culture. These results suggest that PEI-g-MWCNTs in corporation with chitosan substrates would be a promising delivery system for BMSCs, a cell type with relevancy in the regenerative medicine and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Moradian
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 14965/161, Iran; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875/4413, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Fasehee
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 14965/161, Iran
| | - Hamid Keshvari
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 15875/4413, Iran
| | - Shahab Faghihi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 14965/161, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Caballero-Díaz E, Guzmán-Ruiz R, Malagón MM, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Effects of the interaction of single-walled carbon nanotubes with 4-nonylphenol on their in vitro toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 275:107-115. [PMID: 24853140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the toxicological risks arising from the coexistence of polyethylene glycol coated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-PEG) and a known environmental contaminant: 4-nonylphenol (NP). To this end, in vitro toxicity assays involving the exposure of 3T3-L1 cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) to SWCNTs-PEG alone or in combination with NP for 24 or 48 h were performed. Experimental treatments were conducted in both presence (10%) and absence of serum in order to evaluate its influence on the toxicity of SWCNTs-PEG. Although the results provided no unambiguous evidences of synergistic toxicity between SWCNTs-PEG and NP, some specific treatments with mixtures (SWCNTs-PEG+NP) resulted in an unexpected combined toxicity in relation to the individual treatments. Only in those cases the interaction between SWCNTs-PEG and NP could have a synergistic effect on the resulting toxicity. The addition of 10% serum increased the stability of SWCNTs-PEG in the culture medium-possibly by steric repulsions-and reduced the toxicity of nanoparticles as a result. Overall, the serum had a "protective effect" on cells against all treatments: SWCNTs-PEG, NP or their mixtures (SWCNTs-PEG+NP). Raman spectroscopy allowed the intracellular distribution of SWCNTs-PEG to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Caballero-Díaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - R Guzmán-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - M M Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - B M Simonet
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain
| | - M Valcárcel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building (Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba E-14071, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Choi SY, Yang N, Jeon SK, Yoon TH. Semi-quantitative estimation of cellular SiO2nanoparticles using flow cytometry combined with X-ray fluorescence measurements. Cytometry A 2014; 85:771-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry; College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Yang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Jeon
- Department of Chemistry; College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
- Mineral Research Team, Technology Research Institute, Korea Resources Corporation; Seoul 156-706 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry; College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University; Seoul 133-791 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Teo WZ, Chng ELK, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Cytotoxicity of Exfoliated Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2, and WSe2) is Lower Than That of Graphene and its Analogues. Chemistry 2014; 20:9627-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
235
|
Investigation of cytotoxicity of phosphoryl choline modified single-walled carbon nanotubes under a live cell station. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:537091. [PMID: 25057493 PMCID: PMC4095642 DOI: 10.1155/2014/537091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and various modified SWCNTs have drawn a lot of attention due to their potential applications in biomedical field. Before further moving on to real clinical applications, hydrophobicity and toxicity of SWCNTs should be investigated thoroughly. In this paper, 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was adopted to modify SWCNTs and phosphoryl choline was grafted onto SWCNTs as small molecule moieties and polymeric chains, which made SWCNTs dispersed stably both in water and in cell culture medium for a long time. Cytotoxicity of pristine and modified SWCNTs were assayed upon successful preparation of the designed modified SWCNT. Furthermore, the internalization of SWCNTs by three cells was investigated using a live cell station under normal culture temperature (37°C) and low temperature (4°C). The results showed that the internalization of modified SWCNTs was related to both the active transport and the passive transport. Although the modification with phosphoryl choline remarkably reduced the cytotoxicity of SWCNTs, the results were probably due to other reasons such as the decrease in the ratio of cells which internalized modified SWCNTs since the cells without SWCNTs occupation still exhibited normal states.
Collapse
|
236
|
Saito N, Haniu H, Usui Y, Aoki K, Hara K, Takanashi S, Shimizu M, Narita N, Okamoto M, Kobayashi S, Nomura H, Kato H, Nishimura N, Taruta S, Endo M. Safe clinical use of carbon nanotubes as innovative biomaterials. Chem Rev 2014; 114:6040-79. [PMID: 24720563 PMCID: PMC4059771 DOI: 10.1021/cr400341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Saito
- Institute
for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuki Usui
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kaoru Aoki
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hara
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Seiji Takanashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimizu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Narita
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kobayashi
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nomura
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University
School of Medicine, Asahi
3-1-1, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nishimura
- R&D
Center, Nakashima Medical Co. Ltd., Haga 5322, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taruta
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, and Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Wakasato 4-17-1, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Hollanda L, Lobo A, Lancellotti M, Berni E, Corat E, Zanin H. Graphene and carbon nanotube nanocomposite for gene transfection. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:288-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
238
|
Rotoli BM, Gatti R, Movia D, Bianchi MG, Di Cristo L, Fenoglio I, Sonvico F, Bergamaschi E, Prina-Mello A, Bussolati O. Identifying contact-mediated, localized toxic effects of MWCNT aggregates on epithelial monolayers: a single-cell monitoring toxicity assay. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:230-41. [PMID: 24873759 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.918203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aggregates of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) impair the barrier properties of human airway cell monolayers. To resolve the mechanism of the barrier alteration, monolayers of Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells were exposed to aggregated MWCNT. At the cell-population level, trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used as an indicator of barrier competence, caspase activity was assessed with standard biochemical assays, and cell viability was investigated by biochemical techniques and high-throughput screening (HTS) technique based on automated epifluorescence microscopy. At cell level, the response to MWCNT was investigated with confocal microscopy, by evaluating cell death (calcein/propidium iodide (PI)), proliferation (Ki-67), and apoptosis (caspase activity). At the cell-population level, exposure to aggregated MWCNT caused a decrease in TEER, which was not associated with a decrease in cell viability or onset of apoptosis even after an 8-d exposure. In contrast, confocal imaging demonstrated contact with MWCNT aggregates triggered cell death after 24 h of exposure. In the presence of a natural surfactant, both TEER decrease and contact-mediated toxicity were mitigated. With confocal imaging, increased proliferation and apoptosis were detected in Calu-3 cells next to the aggregates. Contact-mediated cytotoxicity was recorded in two additional cell lines (BEAS-2B and A549) derived from human airways. Similar results were confirmed by adopting two additional MWCNT preparations with different physico-chemical features. This indicates MWCNT caused localized damage to airway epithelial monolayers in vitro and altered the apoptotic and proliferative rate of epithelial cells in close proximity to the aggregates. These findings provide evidence on the pathway by which MWCNT aggregates impair airway barrier function, and support the use of imaging techniques as a possible regulatory-decision supporting tool to identify effects of aggregated nanomaterials not readily detected at cell population level.
Collapse
|
239
|
Stueker O, Ortega VA, Goss GG, Stepanova M. Understanding interactions of functionalized nanoparticles with proteins: a case study on lactate dehydrogenase. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2006-2021. [PMID: 24591162 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials in biological solutions are known to interact with proteins and have been documented to affect protein function, such as enzyme activity. Understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with biological components at the molecular level will allow for rational designs of nanomaterials for use in medical technologies. Here we present the first detailed molecular mechanics model of functionalized gold nanoparticle (NP) interacting with an enzyme (L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the response of LDH to the NP binding demonstrate that although atomic motions (dynamics) of the main chain exhibit only a minor response to the binding, the dynamics of side chains are significantly constrained in all four active sites that predict alteration in kinetic properties of the enzyme. It is also demonstrated that the 5 nm gold NPs cause a decrease in the maximal velocity of the enzyme reaction (V(max)) and a trend towards a reduced affinity (increased K(m)) for the β-NAD binding site, while pyruvate enzyme kinetics (K(m) and V(max)) are not significantly altered in the presence of the gold NPs. These results demonstrate that modeling of NP:protein interactions can be used to understand alterations in protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stueker
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council of Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, EdmontonAlberta, T6G 2M9, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9107-116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
240
|
Kotagiri N, Kim JW. Stealth nanotubes: strategies of shielding carbon nanotubes to evade opsonization and improve biodistribution. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 1:85-105. [PMID: 24872705 PMCID: PMC4024978 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been in the limelight for their potential role in disease diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as in tissue engineering. Before these medical applications can be realized, there is a need to address issues like opsonization, phagocytosis by macrophages, and sequestration to the liver and spleen for eventual elimination from the body; along with equally important issues such as aqueous solubility, dispersion, biocompatibility, and biofunctionalization. CNTs have not been shown to be able to evade such biological obstacles, which include their nonspecific attachments to cells and other biological components in the bloodstream, before reaching target tissues and cells in vivo. This will eventually determine their longevity in circulation and clearance rate from the body. This review article discusses the current status, challenges, practical strategies, and implementations of coating CNTs with biocompatible and opsonin-resistant moieties, rendering CNTs transparent to opsonins and deceiving the innate immune response to make believe that the CNTs are not foreign. A holistic approach to the development of such "stealth" CNTs is presented, which encompasses not only several biophysicochemical factors that are not limited to surface treatment of CNTs, but also extraneous biological factors such as the protein corona formation that inevitably controls the in vivo fate of the particles. This review also discusses the present and potential applications, along with the future directions, of CNTs and their hybrid-based nanotheranostic agents for multiplex, multimodal molecular imaging and therapy, as well as in other applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Bio/Nano Technology Laboratory, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Optical Radiology Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Bio/Nano Technology Laboratory, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Petersen EJ, Henry TB, Zhao J, MacCuspie RI, Kirschling T, Dobrovolskaia MA, Hackley V, Xing B, White JC. Identification and avoidance of potential artifacts and misinterpretations in nanomaterial ecotoxicity measurements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4226-46. [PMID: 24617739 PMCID: PMC3993845 DOI: 10.1021/es4052999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have revealed that the unique properties of ENMs and a lack of appropriate test methods can lead to results that are inaccurate or not reproducible. The occurrence of spurious results or misinterpretations of results from ENM toxicity tests that are unique to investigations of ENMs (as opposed to traditional toxicants) have been reported, but have not yet been systemically reviewed. Our objective in this manuscript is to highlight artifacts and misinterpretations that can occur at each step of ecotoxicity testing: procurement or synthesis of the ENMs and assessment of potential toxic impurities such as metals or endotoxins, ENM storage, dispersion of the ENMs in the test medium, direct interference with assay reagents and unacknowledged indirect effects such as nutrient depletion during the assay, and assessment of the ENM biodistribution in organisms. We recommend thorough characterization of initial ENMs including measurement of impurities, implementation of steps to minimize changes to the ENMs during storage, inclusion of a set of experimental controls (e.g., to assess impacts of nutrient depletion, ENM specific effects, impurities in ENM formulation, desorbed surface coatings, the dispersion process, and direct interference of ENM with toxicity assays), and use of orthogonal measurement methods when available to assess ENMs fate and distribution in organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J. Petersen
- Biosystems
and Biomaterials Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Theodore B. Henry
- School
of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Center
for Environmental Biotechnology, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
- Department
of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jian Zhao
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massacusetts 01003, United States
| | - Robert I. MacCuspie
- Materials
Measurement Science Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Nanotechnology
Program, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33801, United States
| | - Teresa
L. Kirschling
- Applied
Chemicals and Materials Division, NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Marina A. Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology
Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos
Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vincent Hackley
- Materials
Measurement Science Division, National Institute
of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge
School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massacusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut
Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Chng ELK, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Cytotoxicity profile of highly hydrogenated graphene. Chemistry 2014; 20:6366-73. [PMID: 24711117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its graphene-related counterparts have been considered the future of advanced nanomaterials owing to their exemplary properties. An increase in their potential applications in the biomedical field has led to serious concerns regarding their safety and impact on health. To understand the toxicity profile for a particular type of graphene utilized in a given application, it is important to recognize the differences between the graphene-related components and correlate their cellular toxicity effects to the attributed physiochemical properties. In this study, the cytoxicity effects of highly hydrogenated graphene (HHG) and its graphene oxide (GO) counterpart on the basis of in vitro toxicological assessments are reported and the effects correlated with the physiochemical properties of the tested nanomaterials. Upon 24 h exposure to the nanomaterials, a dose-dependent cellular cytotoxic effect was exhibited and the HHG was observed to be more cytotoxic than its GO control. Detailed characterization revealed an extensive C-H sp(3) network on the carbon backbone of HHG with few oxygen-containing groups, as opposed to the presence of large amounts of oxygen-containing groups on the GO. It is therefore hypothesized that the preferential adsorption of micronutrients on the surface of the HHG nanomaterial by means of hydrophobic interactions resulted in a reduction in the bioavailability of nutrients required for cellular viability. The nanotoxicological profile of highly hydrogenated graphene is assessed for the first time in our study, thereby paving the way for further evaluation of the toxicity risks involved with the utilization of various graphene-related nanomaterials in the real world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lay Khim Chng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 (Singapore)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
243
|
Zanin H, Hollanda LM, Ceragioli HJ, Ferreira MS, Machado D, Lancellotti M, Catharino RR, Baranauskas V, Lobo AO. Carbon nanoparticles for gene transfection in eukaryotic cell lines. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 39:359-70. [PMID: 24863237 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, oxygen terminated cellulose carbon nanoparticles (CCN) was synthesised and applied in gene transfection of pIRES plasmid. The CCN was prepared from catalytic of polyaniline by chemical vapour deposition techniques. This plasmid contains one gene that encodes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in eukaryotic cells, making them fluorescent. This new nanomaterial and pIRES plasmid formed π-stacking when dispersed in water by magnetic stirring. The frequencies shift in zeta potential confirmed the plasmid strongly connects to the nanomaterial. In vitro tests found that this conjugation was phagocytised by NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines making them fluorescent, which was visualised by fluorescent microscopy. Before the transfection test, we studied CCN in cell viability. Both MTT and Neutral Red uptake tests were carried out using NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines. Further, we use metabolomics to verify if small amounts of nanomaterial would be enough to cause some cellular damage in NG97 cells. We showed two mechanisms of action by CCN-DNA complex, producing an exogenous protein by the transfected cell and metabolomic changes that contributed by better understanding of glioblastoma, being the major finding of this work. Our results suggested that this nanomaterial has great potential as a gene carrier agent in non-viral based therapy, with low cytotoxicity, good transfection efficiency, and low cell damage in small amounts of nanomaterials in metabolomic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zanin
- Departamento de Semicondutores, Instrumentos e Fotônica, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - L M Hollanda
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology at UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - H J Ceragioli
- Departamento de Semicondutores, Instrumentos e Fotônica, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Ferreira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Nucleus, UNICAMP, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - D Machado
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology at UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - M Lancellotti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology at UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - R R Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, Medicine and Experimental Surgery Nucleus, UNICAMP, Rua Cinco de Junho, 350, Campinas, São Paulo CEP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - V Baranauskas
- Departamento de Semicondutores, Instrumentos e Fotônica, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-852 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A O Lobo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology (NANOBIO), Universidade do Vale do Paraiba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Sao Jose dos Campos 12224-000, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Liao CZ, Wong HM, Yeung KWK, Tjong SC. The development, fabrication, and material characterization of polypropylene composites reinforced with carbon nanofiber and hydroxyapatite nanorod hybrid fillers. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1299-310. [PMID: 24648729 PMCID: PMC3956629 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the design, fabrication, microstructural and property characterization, and biocompatibility evaluation of polypropylene (PP) reinforced with carbon nanofiber (CNF) and hydroxyapatite nanorod (HANR) fillers. The purpose is to develop advanced PP/CNF–HANR hybrids with good mechanical behavior, thermal stability, and excellent biocompatibility for use as craniofacial implants in orthopedics. Several material-examination techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile tests, and impact measurement are used to characterize the microstructural, mechanical, and thermal properties of the hybrids. Furthermore, osteoblastic cell cultivation and colorimetric assay are also employed for assessing their viability on the composites. The CNF and HANR filler hybridization yields an improvement in Young’s modulus, impact strength, thermal stability, and biocompatibility of PP. The PP/2% CNF–20% HANR hybrid composite is found to exhibit the highest elastic modulus, tensile strength, thermal stability, and biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China ; Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Man Wong
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sie Chin Tjong
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Widespread nanoparticle-assay interference: implications for nanotoxicity testing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90650. [PMID: 24618833 PMCID: PMC3949728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of engineered nanomaterial safety has been hindered by conflicting reports demonstrating differential degrees of toxicity with the same nanoparticles. The unique properties of these materials increase the likelihood that they will interfere with analytical techniques, which may contribute to this phenomenon. We tested the potential for: 1) nanoparticle intrinsic fluorescence/absorbance, 2) interactions between nanoparticles and assay components, and 3) the effects of adding both nanoparticles and analytes to an assay, to interfere with the accurate assessment of toxicity. Silicon, cadmium selenide, titanium dioxide, and helical rosette nanotubes each affected at least one of the six assays tested, resulting in either substantial over- or under-estimations of toxicity. Simulation of realistic assay conditions revealed that interference could not be predicted solely by interactions between nanoparticles and assay components. Moreover, the nature and degree of interference cannot be predicted solely based on our current understanding of nanomaterial behaviour. A literature survey indicated that ca. 95% of papers from 2010 using biochemical techniques to assess nanotoxicity did not account for potential interference of nanoparticles, and this number had not substantially improved in 2012. We provide guidance on avoiding and/or controlling for such interference to improve the accuracy of nanotoxicity assessments.
Collapse
|
246
|
Morán MC, Vinardell MP, Infante MR, Miguel MG, Lindman B. DNA gel particles: an overview. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:240-56. [PMID: 24119768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A general understanding of interactions between DNA and oppositely charged compounds forms the basis for developing novel DNA-based materials, including gel particles. The association strength, which is altered by varying the chemical structure of the cationic cosolute, determines the spatial homogeneity of the gelation process, creating DNA reservoir devices and DNA matrix devices that can be designed to release either single- (ssDNA) or double-stranded (dsDNA) DNA. This review covers recent developments on the topic of DNA gel particles formed in water-water emulsion-type interfaces. The degree of DNA entrapment, particle morphology, swelling/dissolution behavior and DNA release responses are discussed as functions of the nature of the cationic agent used. On the basis of designing DNA gel particles for therapeutic purposes, recent studies on the determination of the surface hydrophobicity and the hemolytic and the cytotoxic assessments of the obtained DNA gel particles have been also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Morán
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Interaction of Surfactants with Cell Membranes, Unit Associated with CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Vinardell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Interaction of Surfactants with Cell Membranes, Unit Associated with CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rosa Infante
- Interaction of Surfactants with Cell Membranes, Unit Associated with CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXII, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Tecnología de Tensioactivos, IQAC-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Graça Miguel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Björn Lindman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Apartsin EK, Buyanova MY, Novopashina DS, Ryabchikova EI, Filatov AV, Zenkova MA, Venyaminova AG. Novel multifunctional hybrids of single-walled carbon nanotubes with nucleic acids: synthesis and interactions with living cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1454-1461. [PMID: 24397536 DOI: 10.1021/am4034729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel hybrids of fluorescein-labeled poly(ethylene glycol)-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nucleic acids were prepared. 5'-Pyrene conjugates of oligodeoxyribonucleotides were used to construct the noncovalent hybrids, with the pyrene residues acting as anchor groups, immobilizing an oligonucleotide on the SWCNT surface. The hybrid formation characteristics were studied using ζ-potential measurements and adsorption isotherm plots. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the samples stained with contrast agents proved that the pyrene conjugates of oligonucleotides were adsorbed onto the surfaces of the functionalized SWCNTs. On the basis of the MTT assay, the functionalized SWCNTs and their hybrids with oligonucleotides exhibited low toxicity toward HeLa, KB-3-1, and KB-8-5 cells. A TEM study of ultrathin sections of cells treated with SWCNTs revealed that the nanotubes directly interacted with the cellular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny K Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS , 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
Ahlinder L, Ekstrand-Hammarström B, Geladi P, Osterlund L. Large uptake of titania and iron oxide nanoparticles in the nucleus of lung epithelial cells as measured by Raman imaging and multivariate classification. Biophys J 2014; 105:310-9. [PMID: 23870252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenging task to characterize the biodistribution of nanoparticles in cells and tissue on a subcellular level. Conventional methods to study the interaction of nanoparticles with living cells rely on labeling techniques that either selectively stain the particles or selectively tag them with tracer molecules. In this work, Raman imaging, a label-free technique that requires no extensive sample preparation, was combined with multivariate classification to quantify the spatial distribution of oxide nanoparticles inside living lung epithelial cells (A549). Cells were exposed to TiO2 (titania) and/or α-FeO(OH) (goethite) nanoparticles at various incubation times (4 or 48 h). Using multivariate classification of hyperspectral Raman data with partial least-squares discriminant analysis, we show that a surprisingly large fraction of spectra, classified as belonging to the cell nucleus, show Raman bands associated with nanoparticles. Up to 40% of spectra from the cell nucleus show Raman bands associated with nanoparticles. Complementary transmission electron microscopy data for thin cell sections qualitatively support the conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Ahlinder
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
249
|
Horie M, Nishio K, Kato H, Endoh S, Fujita K, Nakamura A, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Iwahashi H. Evaluation of cellular effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Mech Methods 2014; 24:196-203. [PMID: 24392881 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.879505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (nSiO2s) are an important type of manufactured nanoparticles. Although there are some reports about the cytotoxicity of nSiO2, the association between physical and chemical properties of nSiO2s and their cellular effects is still unclear. In this study, we examined the correlation between the physiochemical properties and cellular effects of three kinds of amorphous nSiO2s; sub-micro-scale amorphous SiO2, and micro-scale amorphous and crystalline SiO2 particles. The SiO2 particles were dispersed in culture medium and applied to HaCaT human keratinocytes and A549 human lung carcinoma cells. nSiO2s showed stronger protein adsorption than larger SiO2 particles. Moreover, the cellular effects of SiO2 particles were independent of the particle size and crystalline phase. The extent of cell membrane damage and intracellular ROS levels were different among nSiO2s. Upon exposure to nSiO2s, some cells released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), whereas another nSiO2 did not induce LDH release. nSiO2s caused a slight increase in intracellular ROS levels. These cellular effects were independent of the specific surface area and primary particle size of the nSiO2s. Additionally, association of solubility and protein adsorption ability of nSiO2 to its cellular effects seemed to be small. Taken together, our data suggest that nSiO2s do not exert potent cytotoxic effects on cells in culture, especially compared to the effects of micro-scale SiO2 particles. Further studies are needed to address the role of surface properties of nSiO2s on cellular processes and cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Fukuoka , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
250
|
Oh SJ, Kim H, Liu Y, Han HK, Kwon K, Chang KH, Park K, Kim Y, Shim K, An SSA, Lee MY. Incompatibility of silver nanoparticles with lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay for cellular viability test is attributed to protein binding and reactive oxygen species generation. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:422-32. [PMID: 24463055 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies report that conventional cytotoxicity assays are incompatible with certain nanoparticles (NPs) due to artifacts caused by the distinctive characteristics of NPs. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays have inadequately detected cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), leading to research into the underlying mechanism. When ECV304 endothelial-like umbilical cells were treated with citrate-capped AgNPs (cAgNPs) or bare AgNPs (bAgNPs), the plasma membrane was disrupted, but the LDH leakage assay failed to detect cytotoxicity, indicating interference with the assay by AgNPs. Both cAgNPs and bAgNPs inactivated LDH directly when treated to cell lysate as expected. AgNPs adsorbed LDH and thus LDH, together with AgNPs, was removed from assay reactants during sample preparation, with a resultant underestimation of LDH leakage from cells. cAgNPs, but not bAgNPs, generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were successfully scavenged by N-acetylcysteine or ascorbic acid. LDH inhibition by cAgNPs could be restored partially by simultaneous treatment with those antioxidants, suggesting the contribution of ROS to LDH inactivation. Additionally, the composition of the protein corona surrounding AgNPs was identified employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In sum, the LDH leakage assay, a conventional cell viability test method, should be employed with caution when assessing cytotoxicity of AgNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jeong Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyenghee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsik Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Woman's University, Seoul 136-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|