201
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Cooke KR, Luznik L, Sarantopoulos S, Hakim FT, Jagasia M, Fowler DH, van den Brink MRM, Hansen JA, Parkman R, Miklos DB, Martin PJ, Paczesny S, Vogelsang G, Pavletic S, Ritz J, Schultz KR, Blazar BR. The Biology of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: A Task Force Report from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:211-234. [PMID: 27713092 PMCID: PMC6020045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of late, nonrelapse mortality and disability in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients and a major obstacle to improving outcomes. The biology of chronic GVHD remains enigmatic, but understanding the underpinnings of the immunologic mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of disease is fundamental to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. The goals of this task force review are as follows: This document is intended as a review of our understanding of chronic GVHD biology and therapies resulting from preclinical studies, and as a platform for developing innovative clinical strategies to prevent and treat chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Cooke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Leo Luznik
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefanie Sarantopoulos
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frances T Hakim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Madan Jagasia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel H Fowler
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John A Hansen
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robertson Parkman
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - David B Miklos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Georgia Vogelsang
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven Pavletic
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirk R Schultz
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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202
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Chen C, Itakura E, Nelson GM, Sheng M, Laurent P, Fenk LA, Butcher RA, Hegde RS, de Bono M. IL-17 is a neuromodulator of Caenorhabditis elegans sensory responses. Nature 2017; 542:43-48. [PMID: 28099418 DOI: 10.1038/nature20818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine: it mediates responses to pathogens or tissue damage, and drives autoimmune diseases. Little is known about its role in the nervous system. Here we show that IL-17 has neuromodulator-like properties in Caenorhabditis elegans. IL-17 can act directly on neurons to alter their response properties and contribution to behaviour. Using unbiased genetic screens, we delineate an IL-17 signalling pathway and show that it acts in the RMG hub interneurons. Disrupting IL-17 signalling reduces RMG responsiveness to input from oxygen sensors, and renders sustained escape from 21% oxygen transient and contingent on additional stimuli. Over-activating IL-17 receptors abnormally heightens responses to 21% oxygen in RMG neurons and whole animals. IL-17 deficiency can be bypassed by optogenetic stimulation of RMG. Inducing IL-17 expression in adults can rescue mutant defects within 6 h. These findings reveal a non-immunological role of IL-17 modulating circuit function and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Chen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Eisuke Itakura
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Geoffrey M Nelson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ming Sheng
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick Laurent
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Lorenz A Fenk
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rebecca A Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Mario de Bono
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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203
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Erikson JM, Valente AJ, Mummidi S, Kandikattu HK, DeMarco VG, Bender SB, Fay WP, Siebenlist U, Chandrasekar B. Targeting TRAF3IP2 by Genetic and Interventional Approaches Inhibits Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Myocardial Injury and Adverse Remodeling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2345-2358. [PMID: 28053087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-establishing blood supply is the primary goal for reducing myocardial injury in subjects with ischemic heart disease. Paradoxically, reperfusion results in nitroxidative stress and a marked inflammatory response in the heart. TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2; previously known as CIKS or Act1) is an oxidative stress-responsive cytoplasmic adapter molecule that is an upstream regulator of both IκB kinase (IKK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and an important mediator of autoimmune and inflammatory responses. Here we investigated the role of TRAF3IP2 in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced nitroxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial dysfunction, injury, and adverse remodeling. Our data show that I/R up-regulates TRAF3IP2 expression in the heart, and its gene deletion, in a conditional cardiomyocyte-specific manner, significantly attenuates I/R-induced nitroxidative stress, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP-1 activation, inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and adhesion molecule expression, immune cell infiltration, myocardial injury, and contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, Traf3ip2 gene deletion blunts adverse remodeling 12 weeks post-I/R, as evidenced by reduced hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction. Supporting the genetic approach, an interventional approach using ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction-mediated delivery of phosphorothioated TRAF3IP2 antisense oligonucleotides into the LV in a clinically relevant time frame significantly inhibits TRAF3IP2 expression and myocardial injury in wild type mice post-I/R. Furthermore, ameliorating myocardial damage by targeting TRAF3IP2 appears to be more effective to inhibiting its downstream signaling intermediates NF-κB and JNK. Therefore, TRAF3IP2 could be a potential therapeutic target in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Erikson
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Anthony J Valente
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu
- the Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211.,the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- the Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211.,the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201.,the Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and
| | - Shawn B Bender
- the Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and.,the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, and.,Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - William P Fay
- the Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211.,the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201.,the Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211.,the Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- the Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65211, .,the Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201.,the Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and.,the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, and
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204
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Abusleme L, Moutsopoulos NM. IL-17: overview and role in oral immunity and microbiome. Oral Dis 2016; 23:854-865. [PMID: 27763707 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a multifaceted cytokine with diverse roles in both immune protection and also immunopathology. IL-17 has a well-recognized role in immune surveillance at mucosal and barrier surfaces, but also has been increasingly implicated as a driver of immunopathology in settings of autoimmunity and chronic inflammation. The current review introduces basic aspects of IL-17 biology and examines the protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 with a focus on oral mucosal immunity and inflammation. Specific emphasis is given to the role of the IL-17 response as a catalyst in 'shaping the microbiome at the oral barrier'.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Abusleme
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N M Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Inflammation Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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205
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Genetic, immunological, and clinical features of patients with bacterial and fungal infections due to inherited IL-17RA deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8277-E8285. [PMID: 27930337 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is defined as recurrent or persistent infection of the skin, nails, and/or mucosae with commensal Candida species. The first genetic etiology of isolated CMC-autosomal recessive (AR) IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) deficiency-was reported in 2011, in a single patient. We report here 21 patients with complete AR IL-17RA deficiency, including this first patient. Each patient is homozygous for 1 of 12 different IL-17RA alleles, 8 of which create a premature stop codon upstream from the transmembrane domain and have been predicted and/or shown to prevent expression of the receptor on the surface of circulating leukocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Three other mutant alleles create a premature stop codon downstream from the transmembrane domain, one of which encodes a surface-expressed receptor. Finally, the only known missense allele (p.D387N) also encodes a surface-expressed receptor. All of the alleles tested abolish cellular responses to IL-17A and -17F homodimers and heterodimers in fibroblasts and to IL-17E/IL-25 in leukocytes. The patients are currently aged from 2 to 35 y and originate from 12 unrelated kindreds. All had their first CMC episode by 6 mo of age. Fourteen patients presented various forms of staphylococcal skin disease. Eight were also prone to various bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. Human IL-17RA is, thus, essential for mucocutaneous immunity to Candida and Staphylococcus, but otherwise largely redundant. A diagnosis of AR IL-17RA deficiency should be considered in children or adults with CMC, cutaneous staphylococcal disease, or both, even if IL-17RA is detected on the cell surface.
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206
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Tomuschat C, O'Donnell AM, Coyle D, Puri P. Increased Act1/IL-17R expression in Hirschsprung's disease. Pediatr Surg Int 2016; 32:1201-1207. [PMID: 27660002 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-016-3980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hirschsprung's disease -associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Altered intestinal epithelial barrier function is implicated in the pathogenesis of HAEC. IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in host defense against microbial organisms in the development of inflammatory diseases. Act1 is an essential adaptor molecule required for the IL-17-mediated inflammatory responses via interaction with IL-17 receptor (IL-17R). We designed this study to investigate the hypothesis that Act1/Il-17R expression is upregulated in HSCR. METHODS We investigated Act1 and IL17R expression in ganglionic andaganglionic bowel of HD patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). qPCR, Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence were performed. MAIN RESULTS qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed that Act1 and IL17R are strongly expressed in the aganglionic and ganglionic colon of patients with HSCR. Act1 and IL17R expression was significantly increased in HSCR specimens compared to controls (p < 0.05). Confocal microscopy revealed a markedly increased expression of Act1 and IL17R in the colonic epithelium of patients with HSCR compared to controls. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we report, for the first time, the expression of Act1 in the human colon. The increased expression of Act1 and Il-17 in the aganglionic and ganglionic bowel in HSCR may result in IL-17-mediated increased inflammatory response leading to the development of HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tomuschat
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie O'Donnell
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - David Coyle
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland. .,School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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207
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Velichko S, Zhou X, Zhu L, Anderson JD, Wu R, Chen Y. A Novel Nuclear Function for the Interleukin-17 Signaling Adaptor Protein Act1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163323. [PMID: 27723765 PMCID: PMC5056742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the human airway, interleukin-17A (IL-17A) signaling is associated with severe inflammation, as well as protection against pathogenic infection, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the airway. The intracellular molecule Act1 has been demonstrated to be an essential mediator of IL-17A signaling. In the cytoplasm, it serves as an adaptor protein, binding to both the intracellular domain of the IL-17 receptor as well as members of the canonical nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. It also has enzymatic activity, and serves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In the context of airway epithelial cells, we demonstrate for the first time that Act1 is also present in the nucleus, especially after IL-17A stimulation. Ectopic Act1 expression can also increase the nuclear localization of Act1. Act1 can up-regulate the expression and promoter activity of a subset of IL-17A target genes in the absence of IL-17A signaling in a manner that is dependent on its N- and C-terminal domains, but is NF-κB independent. Finally, we show that nuclear Act1 can bind to both distal and proximal promoter regions of DEFB4, one of the IL-17A responsive genes. This transcriptional regulatory activity represents a novel function for Act1. Taken together, this is the first report to describe a non-adaptor function of Act1 by directly binding to the promoter region of IL-17A responsive genes and directly regulate their transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene Velichko
- The Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States of America
| | - Lingxiang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States of America
| | - Johnathon David Anderson
- The Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Reen Wu
- The Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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208
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Yariswamy M, Yoshida T, Valente AJ, Kandikattu HK, Sakamuri SSVP, Siddesha JM, Sukhanov S, Saifudeen Z, Ma L, Siebenlist U, Gardner JD, Chandrasekar B. Cardiac-restricted Overexpression of TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) Results in Spontaneous Development of Myocardial Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and Dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19425-36. [PMID: 27466370 PMCID: PMC5016681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.724138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAF3IP2 (TRAF3 interacting protein 2; previously known as CIKS or Act1) is a key intermediate in the normal inflammatory response and the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Induction of TRAF3IP2 activates IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB, JNK/AP-1, and c/EBPβ and stimulates the expression of various inflammatory mediators with negative myocardial inotropic effects. To investigate the role of TRAF3IP2 in heart disease, we generated a transgenic mouse model with cardiomyocyte-specific TRAF3IP2 overexpression (TRAF3IP2-Tg). Echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pressure-volume conductance catheterization revealed impaired cardiac function in 2-month-old male transgenic (Tg) mice as evidenced by decreased ejection fraction, stroke volume, cardiac output, and peak ejection rate. Moreover, the male Tg mice spontaneously developed myocardial hypertrophy (increased heart/body weight ratio, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, GATA4 induction, and fetal gene re-expression). Furthermore, TRAF3IP2 overexpression resulted in the activation of IKK/NF-κB, JNK/AP-1, c/EBPβ, and p38 MAPK and induction of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix proteins in the heart. Although myocardial hypertrophy decreased with age, cardiac fibrosis (increased number of myofibroblasts and enhanced expression and deposition of fibrillar collagens) increased progressively. Despite these adverse changes, TRAF3IP2 overexpression did not result in cell death at any time period. Interestingly, despite increased mRNA expression, TRAF3IP2 protein levels and activation of its downstream signaling intermediates remained unchanged in the hearts of female Tg mice. The female Tg mice also failed to develop myocardial hypertrophy. In summary, these results demonstrate that overexpression of TRAF3IP2 in male mice is sufficient to induce myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Yariswamy
- From the Department of Medicine and Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | | | - Anthony J Valente
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | | | | | | | | | - Zubaida Saifudeen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Lixin Ma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201, Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and
| | - Jason D Gardner
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- From the Department of Medicine and Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201,
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209
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Kim BS, Park YJ, Chung Y. Targeting IL-17 in autoimmunity and inflammation. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:1537-1547. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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210
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Colombo E, Farina C. Astrocytes: Key Regulators of Neuroinflammation. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:608-620. [PMID: 27443914 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are crucial regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses in the injured central nervous system. Depending on timing and context, astrocyte activity may exacerbate inflammatory reactions and tissue damage, or promote immunosuppression and tissue repair. Recent literature has unveiled key factors and intracellular signaling pathways that govern astrocyte behavior during neuroinflammation. Here we have re-visited in vivo studies on astrocyte signaling in neuroinflammatory models focusing on evidences obtained from the analysis of transgenic mice where distinct genes involved in ligand binding, transcriptional regulation and cell communication have been manipulated in astrocytes. The integration of in vivo observations with in vitro data clarifies precise signaling steps, highlights the crosstalk among pathways and identifies shared effector mechanisms in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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211
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Sakamuri SSVP, Valente AJ, Siddesha JM, Delafontaine P, Siebenlist U, Gardner JD, Bysani C. TRAF3IP2 mediates aldosterone/salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 429:84-92. [PMID: 27040306 PMCID: PMC4861697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to adverse cardiac remodeling and eventual failure. Here we investigated whether TRAF3 Interacting Protein 2 (TRAF3IP2), a redox-sensitive cytoplasmic adaptor molecule and an upstream regulator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), mediates aldosterone-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Wild type (WT) and TRAF3IP2-null mice were infused with aldosterone (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks along with 1%NaCl in drinking water. Aldosterone/salt, but not salt alone, upregulated TRAF3IP2 expression in WT mouse hearts. Further, aldosterone elevated blood pressure to a similar extent in both WT and TRAF3IP2-null groups. However, TRAF3IP2 gene deletion attenuated aldosterone/salt-induced (i) p65 and c-Jun activation, (ii) extracellular matrix (collagen Iα1 and collagen IIIα1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2), lysyl oxidase (LOX), inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and IL-18), chemokine (CXCL1 and CXCL2), and adhesion molecule (ICAM1) mRNA expression in hearts, (iii) IL-6, IL-18, and MMP2 protein levels, (iv) systemic IL-6 and IL-18 levels, and (iv) cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. These results indicate that TRAF3IP2 is a critical signaling intermediate in aldosterone/salt-induced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and thus a potential therapeutic target in hypertensive heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Anthony J Valente
- Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Jalahalli M Siddesha
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Patrice Delafontaine
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jason D Gardner
- Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Chandrasekar Bysani
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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212
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Soltész B, Tóth B, Sarkadi AK, Erdős M, Maródi L. The Evolving View of IL-17-Mediated Immunity in Defense Against Mucocutaneous Candidiasis in Humans. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 34:348-63. [PMID: 26154078 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1049345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of interleukin (IL)-17-mediated immunity has provided a robust framework upon which our current understanding of the mechanism involved in host defense against mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) has been built. Studies have shed light on how pattern recognition receptors expressed by innate immune cells recognize various components of Candida cell wall. Inborn errors of immunity affecting IL-17+ T cell differentiation have recently been defined, such as deficiencies of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, STAT1, IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12p40, and caspase recruitment domain 9. Impaired receptor-ligand coupling was identified in patients with IL-17F and IL-17 receptor A (IL17RA) deficiency and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) type 1. Mutation in the nuclear factor kappa B activator (ACT) 1 was described as a cause of impaired IL-17R-mediated signaling. CMC may be part of a complex clinical phenotype like in patients with deficiencies of STAT3, IL-12Rβ1/IL-12p40 and APS-1 or may be the only or dominant phenotypic manifestation of disease which is referred to as CMC disease. CMCD may result from deficiencies of STAT1, IL-17F, IL-17RA and ACT1. In this review we discuss how recent research on IL-17-mediated immunity shed light on host defense against mucocutaneous infection by Candida and how the discovery of various germ-line mutations and the characterization of associated clinical phenotypes have provided insights into the role of CD4+IL-17+ lymphocytes in the regulation of anticandidal defense of body surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Soltész
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
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213
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The roles and functional mechanisms of interleukin-17 family cytokines in mucosal immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 13:418-31. [PMID: 27018218 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucosal immune system serves as our front-line defense against pathogens. It also tightly maintains immune tolerance to self-symbiotic bacteria, which are usually called commensals. Sensing both types of microorganisms is modulated by signalling primarily through various pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) on barrier epithelial cells or immune cells. After sensing, proinflammatory molecules such as cytokines are released by these cells to mediate either defensive or tolerant responses. The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family members belong to a newly characterized cytokine subset that is critical for the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on the diverse functions and signals of this family of cytokines at different mucosal edges.
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214
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Lorè NI, Bragonzi A, Cigana C. The IL-17A/IL-17RA axis in pulmonary defence and immunopathology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:19-27. [PMID: 27033174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-17A/IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) axis is emerging as a key player in host defence. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-17A-mediated responses play a critical role in both acute and chronic inflammation induced by infectious agents, environmental stimuli and genetic diseases in the airways. In this regard, it is becoming evident that IL-17A/IL-17RA signalling may have a protective and beneficial impact on health, but that it can also result in detrimental outcomes. On one hand, the IL-17A/IL-17RA axis can contribute to the elimination of noxious stimuli and to the resolution of acute inflammatory processes; on the other hand, it can exacerbate immunopathological responses, contributing to the development and progression of chronic respiratory illnesses. In addition, cellular and molecular signatures underlying IL-17A/IL-17RA signalling have been increasingly identified, although further studies are needed to clarify such complex responses. Here, we discuss the latest discoveries on the role of the IL-17A/IL-17RA axis in driving host pulmonary defence and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Ivan Lorè
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bragonzi
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cigana
- Infections and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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215
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Martin BN, Wang C, Zhang CJ, Kang Z, Gulen MF, Zepp JA, Zhao J, Bian G, Do JS, Min B, Pavicic PG, El-Sanadi C, Fox PL, Akitsu A, Iwakura Y, Sarkar A, Wewers MD, Kaiser WJ, Mocarski ES, Rothenberg ME, Hise AG, Dubyak GR, Ransohoff RM, Li X. T cell-intrinsic ASC critically promotes T(H)17-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:583-92. [PMID: 26998763 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is critical for the in vivo survival, expansion and effector function of IL-17-producing helper T (T(H)17) cells during autoimmune responses, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the spatiotemporal role and cellular source of IL-1β during EAE pathogenesis are poorly defined. In the present study, we uncovered a T cell-intrinsic inflammasome that drives IL-1β production during T(H)17-mediated EAE pathogenesis. Activation of T cell antigen receptors induced expression of pro-IL-1β, whereas ATP stimulation triggered T cell production of IL-1β via ASC-NLRP3-dependent caspase-8 activation. IL-1R was detected on T(H)17 cells but not on type 1 helper T (T(H)1) cells, and ATP-treated T(H)17 cells showed enhanced survival compared with ATP-treated T(H)1 cells, suggesting autocrine action of T(H)17-derived IL-1β. Together these data reveal a critical role for IL-1β produced by a T(H)17 cell-intrinsic ASC-NLRP3-caspase-8 inflammasome during inflammation of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Martin
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cun-jin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammet Fatih Gulen
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guanglin Bian
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeong-su Do
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul G Pavicic
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Caroline El-Sanadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aoi Akitsu
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Japan
| | - Anasuya Sarkar
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark D Wewers
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Kaiser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward S Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Amy G Hise
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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216
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Yang J, Kou J, Lim JE, Lalonde R, Fukuchi KI. Intracranial delivery of interleukin-17A via adeno-associated virus fails to induce physical and learning disabilities and neuroinflammation in mice but improves glucose metabolism through AKT signaling pathway. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:84-95. [PMID: 26562537 PMCID: PMC4783216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is generally considered as one of the pathogenic factors involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). Indirect evidence for this is that IL-17A-producing T helper 17 (Th17) cells preferentially accumulate in lesions of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, a direct involvement of IL-17A in MS pathogenesis is still an open question. In this study, we overexpressed IL-17A in the brains of mice (IL-17A-in-Brain mice) via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (rAAV5)-mediated gene delivery. In spite of high levels of IL-17A expression in the brain and blood, IL-17A-in-Brain mice exhibit no inflammatory responses and no abnormalities in motor coordination and spatial orientation. Unexpectedly, IL-17A-in-Brain mice show decreases in body weight and adipose tissue mass and an improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. IL-17A enhances glucose uptake in PC12 cells by activation of AKT. Our results provide direct evidence for the first time that IL-17A overexpression in the central nervous system does not cause physical and learning disabilities and neuroinflammation and suggest that IL-17A may regulate glucose metabolism through the AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinghong Kou
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeong-Eun Lim
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Lalonde
- Department of Psychology, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Ken-ichiro Fukuchi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA.,Corresponding author: Ken-ichiro Fukuchi, MD, PhD, Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, P.O. Box 1649, Peoria, Illinois USA; Phone: 309-671-8545;
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217
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Mancini F, Monaci E, Lofano G, Torre A, Bacconi M, Tavarini S, Sammicheli C, Arcidiacono L, Galletti B, Laera D, Pallaoro M, Tuscano G, Fontana MR, Bensi G, Grandi G, Rossi-Paccani S, Nuti S, Rappuoli R, De Gregorio E, Bagnoli F, Soldaini E, Bertholet S. One Dose of Staphylococcus aureus 4C-Staph Vaccine Formulated with a Novel TLR7-Dependent Adjuvant Rapidly Protects Mice through Antibodies, Effector CD4+ T Cells, and IL-17A. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147767. [PMID: 26812180 PMCID: PMC4727907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapidly acting, single dose vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus would be highly beneficial for patients scheduled for major surgeries or in intensive care units. Here we show that one immunization with a multicomponent S. aureus candidate vaccine, 4C-Staph, formulated with a novel TLR7-dependent adjuvant, T7-alum, readily protected mice from death and from bacterial dissemination, both in kidney abscess and peritonitis models, outperforming alum-formulated vaccine. This increased efficacy was paralleled by higher vaccine-specific and α-hemolysin-neutralizing antibody titers and Th1/Th17 cell responses. Antibodies played a crucial protective role, as shown by the lack of protection of 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccine in B-cell-deficient mice and by serum transfer experiments. Depletion of effector CD4+ T cells not only reduced survival but also increased S. aureus load in kidneys of mice immunized with 4C-Staph/T7-alum. The role of IL-17A in the control of bacterial dissemination in 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccinated mice was indicated by in vivo neutralization experiments. We conclude that single dose 4C-Staph/T7-alum vaccine promptly and efficiently protected mice against S. aureus through the combined actions of antibodies, CD4+ effector T cells, and IL-17A. These data suggest that inclusion of an adjuvant that induces not only fast antibody responses but also IL-17-producing cell-mediated effector responses could efficaciously protect patients scheduled for major surgeries or in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mancini
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Monaci
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lofano
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “Charles Darwin”, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonina Torre
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Bacconi
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Tavarini
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Sammicheli
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Galletti
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Donatello Laera
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Pallaoro
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tuscano
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Fontana
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bensi
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Grandi
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Nuti
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Rino Rappuoli
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Ennio De Gregorio
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Bagnoli
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Soldaini
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylvie Bertholet
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, S.r.l., Research Center, Siena, Italy
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218
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Regulation of Interleukin-17 Production. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:139-166. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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219
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Etemadi N, Chopin M, Anderton H, Tanzer MC, Rickard JA, Abeysekera W, Hall C, Spall SK, Wang B, Xiong Y, Hla T, Pitson SM, Bonder CS, Wong WWL, Ernst M, Smyth GK, Vaux DL, Nutt SL, Nachbur U, Silke J. TRAF2 regulates TNF and NF-κB signalling to suppress apoptosis and skin inflammation independently of Sphingosine kinase 1. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26701909 PMCID: PMC4769158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAF2 is a component of TNF superfamily signalling complexes and plays an essential role in the regulation and homeostasis of immune cells. TRAF2 deficient mice die around birth, therefore its role in adult tissues is not well-explored. Furthermore, the role of the TRAF2 RING is controversial. It has been claimed that the atypical TRAF2 RING cannot function as a ubiquitin E3 ligase but counterclaimed that TRAF2 RING requires a co-factor, sphingosine-1-phosphate, that is generated by the enzyme sphingosine kinase 1, to function as an E3 ligase. Keratinocyte-specific deletion of Traf2, but not Sphk1 deficiency, disrupted TNF mediated NF-κB and MAP kinase signalling and caused epidermal hyperplasia and psoriatic skin inflammation. This inflammation was driven by TNF, cell death, non-canonical NF-κB and the adaptive immune system, and might therefore represent a clinically relevant model of psoriasis. TRAF2 therefore has essential tissue specific functions that do not overlap with those of Sphk1. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10592.001 Psoriasis is an inflammatory disorder that causes red, flaky patches of skin. The disease affects around 2% of the world’s population, and is most common in people of northern European descent. TNF is one of the key proteins in the development of psoriasis and drugs that inhibit TNF have been very successful in the treatment of this disease. However, these drugs are expensive and for unknown reasons at least 10% of patients do not respond to them. Attempts to develop better drugs for psoriasis would be assisted by an improved understanding of this disease in terms of the genes and proteins involved. Etemadi et al. set out to obtain a more detailed molecular understanding of this disease by developing new mouse models of the condition. Mice were genetically engineered such that a key gene was deleted specifically from the skin cells that form the main barrier to the environment. These mice demonstrated that defects in skin cells called keratinocytes, rather than defects in the immune response, could lead to a psoriasis-like disease. Etemadi et al. also showed that the skin cells with this genetic defect die in the presence of TNF and this cell death in mice caused a rapidly-appearing form of psoriasis. However, in the absence of TNF the mice still developed psoriasis, albeit more slowly. In this case, the condition was due to an excessive activation of a protein called NF-κB, which is known to play a role in maintaining balance in the immune system and in psoriasis. These findings reveal how keratinocytes, cell death and inflammation can directly contribute to psoriasis-like conditions in mice. The next challenge will be to determine whether these findings can be used to help patients with this condition. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10592.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Etemadi
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maria C Tanzer
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James A Rickard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Waruni Abeysekera
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cathrine Hall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sukhdeep K Spall
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuquan Xiong
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, United States
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Wendy Wei-Lynn Wong
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David L Vaux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ueli Nachbur
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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220
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Profiles of microRNA networks in intestinal epithelial cells in a mouse model of colitis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18174. [PMID: 26647826 PMCID: PMC4673535 DOI: 10.1038/srep18174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) accompany a critical loss of the frontline barrier function that is achieved primarily by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Although the gene-regulation pathways underlying these host-defense roles of IECs presumably are deranged during IBD pathogenesis, the quantitative and qualitative alterations of posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) within the cells largely remain to be defined. We aimed to uncover the regulatory miRNA–target gene relationships that arise differentially in inflamed small- compared with large-IECs. Whereas IBD significantly increased the expression of only a few miRNA candidates in small-IECs, numerous miRNAs were upregulated in inflamed large-IECs. These marked alterations might explain why the large, as compared with small, intestine is more sensitive to colitis and shows more severe pathology in this experimental model of IBD. Our in-depth assessment of the miRNA–mRNA expression profiles and the resulting networks prompts us to suggest that miRNAs such as miR-1224, miR-3473a, and miR-5128 represent biomarkers that appear in large-IECs upon IBD development and co-operatively repress the expression of key anti-inflammatory factors. The current study provides insight into gene-regulatory networks in IECs through which dynamic rearrangement of the involved miRNAs modulates the gene expression–regulation machinery between maintaining and disrupting gastrointestinal homeostasis.
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221
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Han Q, Das S, Hirano M, Holland SJ, McCurley N, Guo P, Rosenberg CS, Boehm T, Cooper MD. Characterization of Lamprey IL-17 Family Members and Their Receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:5440-51. [PMID: 26491201 PMCID: PMC4655163 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IL-17 is an ancient cytokine implicated in a variety of immune defense reactions. We identified five members of the sea lamprey IL-17 family (IL-17D.1, IL-17D.2, IL-17E, IL-17B, and IL-17C) and six IL-17R genes (IL-17RA.1, IL-17RA.2, IL-17RA.3, IL-17RF, IL-17RE/RC, and IL-17RD), determined their relationship with mammalian orthologs, and examined their expression patterns and potential interactions to explore their roles in innate and adaptive immunity. The most highly expressed IL-17 family member is IL-17D.1 (mammalian IL-17D like), which was found to be preferentially expressed by epithelial cells of skin, intestine, and gills and by the two types of lamprey T-like cells. IL-17D.1 binding to rIL-17RA.1 and to the surface of IL-17RA.1-expressing B-like cells and monocytes of lamprey larvae was demonstrated, and treatment of lamprey blood cells with rIL-17D.1 protein enhanced transcription of genes expressed by the B-like cells. These findings suggest a potential role for IL-17 in coordinating the interactions between T-like cells and other cells of the adaptive and innate immune systems in jawless vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Han
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Masayuki Hirano
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Stephen J Holland
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathanael McCurley
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Peng Guo
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Charles S Rosenberg
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max-Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Max D Cooper
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
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222
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Li H, Zhou Z, Tai W, Feng W, Zhang D, Gu X, Yang R. Decreased Frequency of IL-17F rs763780 Site Allele G is Associated With Genetic Susceptibility to Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Chinese Population. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2015; 23:466-471. [PMID: 26620416 DOI: 10.1177/1076029615618022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17F (IL-17F) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in autoimmune disease by inducing the expression of multiple chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. In vitro functional analysis revealed that IL-17F rs763780 polymorphism is associated with IL-17 expression and activity. Thus, considering the abnormal percentage of T helper 17 cells in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), we speculated there was a possible association between the IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to ITP in a Chinese Han population. A total of 165 patients with ITP and 149 healthy controls were included in this study, and IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism system. The results showed that the frequency of the IL-17F rs763780 G allele in total patients with ITP or patients with chronic ITP was significantly lower than in normal controls (total ITP 3.6% vs controls 7.7%, P = .026; chronic ITP 3.5% vs controls 7.7%, P = .031). However, no significant difference in genotype frequencies was found among total patients with ITP, patients with chronic ITP, and normal controls. We further analyzed the association of IL-17F polymorphisms with clinical parameters of patients with ITP, and no association revealed between gene distribution and first onset age, clinical therapy response to glucocorticoids, or disease course. What’s more, an evident discrepancy with allelic frequencies was observed between female patients with ITP and gender-matched controls. In conclusion, IL-17F rs763780 polymorphisms may be associated with the development of ITP in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Molecular Diagnosis Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Yunnan Molecular Diagnosis Centre, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiyang Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueping Gu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Differential Gene Expression Profiles and Selected Cytokine Protein Analysis of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes of Horses with Chronic Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) Support an Interleukin-17 Immune Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142622. [PMID: 26561853 PMCID: PMC4642978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is a pulmonary inflammatory condition that afflicts certain mature horses exposed to organic dust particulates in hay. Its clinical and pathological features, manifested by reversible bronchoconstriction, excessive mucus production and airway neutrophilia, resemble the pulmonary alterations that occur in agricultural workers with occupational asthma. The immunological basis of RAO remains uncertain although its chronicity, its localization to a mucosal surface and its domination by a neutrophilic, non-septic inflammatory response, suggest involvement of Interleukin-17 (IL-17). We examined global gene expression profiles in mediastinal (pulmonary-draining) lymph nodes isolated from RAO-affected and control horses. Differential expression of > 200 genes, coupled with network analysis, supports an IL-17 response centered about NF-κB. Immunohistochemical analysis of mediastinal lymph node sections demonstrated increased IL-17 staining intensity in diseased horses. This result, along with the finding of increased IL-17 concentrations in lymph node homogenates from RAO-affected horses (P = 0.1) and a down-regulation of IL-4 gene and protein expression, provides additional evidence of the involvement of IL-17 in the chronic stages of RAO. Additional investigations are needed to ascertain the cellular source of IL-17 in this equine model of occupational asthma. Understanding the immunopathogenesis of this disorder likely will enhance the development of therapeutic interventions beneficial to human and animal pulmonary health.
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224
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Genetic Polymorphisms of IL-17F and TRAF3IP2 Could Be Predictive Factors of the Long-Term Effect of Infliximab against Crohn's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:416838. [PMID: 26558270 PMCID: PMC4628975 DOI: 10.1155/2015/416838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. We aimed to identify certain genes related to response to infliximab (IFX) and biomarkers to predict the IFX effect for Japanese Crohn's disease (CD) patients by performing an association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in the interleukin- (IL-) 17 signaling pathway with response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Methods. A total of 103 patients were divided into two groups, responders and nonresponders. Twenty-eight tag SNPs in 5 genes were genotyped. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes of each SNP were compared between responders and nonresponders in three different inheritance models. A genetic test was performed using a combination of the associated SNPs as biomarkers. Results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the four variable factors, concomitant use of immunomodulators, penetrating disease, a G/G genotype of rs766748 in IL-17F, and a C/C or C/A genotype of rs1883136 in TRAF3IP2, independently contributed to response to IFX after 1 year of treatment. Genetic test using the polymorphisms of these genes perfectly predicted the responder and nonresponder CD patients with both concomitant use of immunomodulators and penetrating disease. Conclusion. IL17F and TRAF3IP2 are one of IFX-related genes, useful as biomarkers of IFX response, and may be target molecules for new therapeutic drugs.
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225
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Lee JS, Tato CM, Joyce-Shaikh B, Gulen MF, Gulan F, Cayatte C, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM, Judo M, Ayanoglu G, McClanahan TK, Li X, Cua DJ. Interleukin-23-Independent IL-17 Production Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Permeability. Immunity 2015; 43:727-38. [PMID: 26431948 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 520] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Whether interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has pathogenic and/or protective roles in the gut mucosa is controversial and few studies have analyzed specific cell populations for protective functions within the inflamed colonic tissue. Here we have provided evidence for IL-17A-dependent regulation of the tight junction protein occludin during epithelial injury that limits excessive permeability and maintains barrier integrity. Analysis of epithelial cells showed that in the absence of signaling via the IL-17 receptor adaptor protein Act-1, the protective effect of IL-17A was abrogated and inflammation was enhanced. We have demonstrated that after acute intestinal injury, IL-23R(+) γδ T cells in the colonic lamina propria were the primary producers of early, gut-protective IL-17A, and this production of IL-17A was IL-23 independent, leaving protective IL-17 intact in the absence of IL-23. These results suggest that IL-17-producing γδ T cells are important for the maintenance and protection of epithelial barriers in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Lee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fatih Gulan
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Yi Chen
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | - Michael Judo
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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226
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Wan Q, Zhou Z, Ding S, He J. The miR-30a Negatively Regulates IL-17-Mediated Signal Transduction by Targeting Traf3ip2. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:917-23. [PMID: 26376209 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been proved to be involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The regulation of IL-17 signal transduction is less studied. miR-30a has been identified to be downregulated in these human autoimmune diseases and their related animal models. However, how it functions in IL-17-mediated inflammation and the pathogenesis of these diseases remain unknown. In this study, we showed that miR-30a inhibits IL-17-mediated NF-κB and MAPK activation, leading to the reduced production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. miR-30a also reduced mRNA stability triggered by IL-17 stimulation. These suppressive effects of miR-30a were mediated by directly targeting Traf3ip2 mRNA (coding for Act1). Thus, we concluded that the downregulation of miR-30a in autoimmune diseases may exacerbate IL-17-mediated inflammation, which may serve as a potential target for the therapy of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wan
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Zhou
- 3 The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiping Ding
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China .,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China .,3 The National Education Base for Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqin He
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China .,2 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease , Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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227
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Wu L, Chen X, Zhao J, Martin B, Zepp JA, Ko JS, Gu C, Cai G, Ouyang W, Sen G, Stark GR, Su B, Vines CM, Tournier C, Hamilton TA, Vidimos A, Gastman B, Liu C, Li X. A novel IL-17 signaling pathway controlling keratinocyte proliferation and tumorigenesis via the TRAF4-ERK5 axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1571-87. [PMID: 26347473 PMCID: PMC4577838 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Wu et al. report a novel IL-17–mediated cascade via the IL-17R–TRAF4–ERK5 axis that directly stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor formation in mice. Although IL-17 is emerging as an important cytokine in cancer promotion and progression, the underlining molecular mechanism remains unclear. Previous studies suggest that IL-17 (IL-17A) sustains a chronic inflammatory microenvironment that favors tumor formation. Here we report a novel IL-17–mediated cascade via the IL-17R–Act1–TRAF4–MEKK3–ERK5 positive circuit that directly stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and tumor formation. Although this axis dictates the expression of target genes Steap4 (a metalloreductase for cell metabolism and proliferation) and p63 (a transcription factor for epidermal stem cell proliferation), Steap4 is required for the IL-17–induced sustained expansion of p63+ basal cells in the epidermis. P63 (a positive transcription factor for the Traf4 promoter) induces TRAF4 expression in keratinocytes. Thus, IL-17–induced Steap4-p63 expression forms a positive feedback loop through p63-mediated TRAF4 expression, driving IL-17–dependent sustained activation of the TRAF4–ERK5 axis for keratinocyte proliferation and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Bradley Martin
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jennifer S Ko
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Chunfang Gu
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Gang Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, and Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ganes Sen
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Bing Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, and Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, and Department of Immunobiology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China Department of Immunobiology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520 Department of Immunobiology and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Cathy Tournier
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, England, UK
| | - Thomas A Hamilton
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Allison Vidimos
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Brian Gastman
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Department of Anatomical Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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228
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Song X, Dai D, He X, Zhu S, Yao Y, Gao H, Wang J, Qu F, Qiu J, Wang H, Li X, Shen N, Qian Y. Growth Factor FGF2 Cooperates with Interleukin-17 to Repair Intestinal Epithelial Damage. Immunity 2015; 43:488-501. [PMID: 26320657 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial barrier plays a critical role in the mucosal immunity. However, it remains largely unknown how the epithelial barrier is maintained after damage. Here we show that growth factor FGF2 synergized with interleukin-17 (IL-17) to induce genes for repairing of damaged epithelium. FGF2 or IL-17 deficiency resulted in impaired epithelial proliferation, increased pro-inflammatory microbiota outgrowth, and consequently worse pathology in a DSS-induced colitis model. The dysregulated microbiota in the model induced transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) expression, which in turn induced FGF2 expression mainly in regulatory T cells. Act1, an essential adaptor in IL-17 signaling, suppressed FGF2-induced ERK activation through binding to adaptor molecule GRB2 to interfere with its association with guanine nucleotide exchange factor SOS1. Act1 preferentially bound to IL-17 receptor complex, releasing its suppressive effect on FGF2 signaling. Thus, microbiota-driven FGF2 and IL-17 cooperate to repair the damaged intestinal epithelium through Act1-mediated direct signaling cross-talk.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Colitis/genetics
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/genetics
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/immunology
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- HEK293 Cells
- HT29 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestines/immunology
- Intestines/microbiology
- Intestines/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microbiota/genetics
- Microbiota/immunology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Wound Healing/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Song
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dai Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yikun Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hanchao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fangfang Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nan Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Youcun Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China.
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229
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Intestinal neuroendocrine cells and goblet cells are mediators of IL-17A-amplified epithelial IL-17C production in human inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:943-58. [PMID: 25492478 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17C is a novel member of the IL-17 cytokine family. Its function in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive as its role in colonic inflammation is entirely derived from murine models. We aimed to analyze the role of IL-17C in human IBD, focusing on T helper type 17 (Th17) cell- and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-dependent mechanisms. IL-17C mRNA (P=0.005), serum levels (P=0.008), and colonic staining intensity (P=0.004) is increased in active IBD. Serum IL-17C levels are modified by IL23R genotypes and IL-17C mRNA correlates (r>0.5, P<0.001) with IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and IL-23 mRNA in the inflamed colon of IBD patients. In the inflamed colon, IL-17C is produced by enteroendocrine and goblet cells, with contrary polar cytosolic localization of IL-17C within the cellular axis. In these two cell types, IL-17A strongly amplifies TNF-α-induced IL-17C production. On the molecular level, IL-17C production in IECs is dependent on TNF-α-activated nuclear factor-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and p38, and IL-17A-activated Akt, monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein 1, and C/EBPδ. IL-17C upregulates the Th17 chemoattractant CCL20 in IECs. In summary, our findings support the involvement of IL-17A-amplified IL-17C production by enteroendocrine and goblet cells in the pathogenesis of active IBD, revealing an interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the Th17 pathway in human IBD.
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230
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Wang T, Sun X, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhu H, Li C, Gao N, Jia Y, Xu D, Huang FP, Li N, Lu L, Li ZG. Regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis showed increased plasticity toward Th17 but retained suppressive function in peripheral blood. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:1293-301. [PMID: 24521740 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulatory T cells (Tregs) with the plasticity of producing proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 have been demonstrated under normal and pathogenic conditions. However, it remains unclear whether IL-17-producing Tregs lose their suppressive functions because of their plasticity toward Th17 in autoimmunity. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-17-producing Tregs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and characterise their regulatory capacity and clinical significance. METHODS Foxp3 and IL-17 coexpression were evaluated in CD4 T lymphocytes from RA patients. An in vitro T cell polarisation assay was performed to investigate the role of proinflammatory cytokines in IL-17-producing Treg polarisation. The suppressive function of IL-17-producing Tregs in RA was assessed by an in vitro suppression assay. The relationship between this Treg subset and clinical features in RA patients was analysed using Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS A higher frequency of IL-17-producing Tregs was present in the peripheral blood of RA patients compared with healthy subjects. These cells from peripheral blood showed phenotypic characteristics of Th17 and Treg cells, and suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro. Tregs in RA synovial fluid lost suppressive function. The Th17 plasticity of Tregs could be induced by IL-6 and IL-23. An increased ratio of this Treg subset was associated with decreased levels of inflammatory markers, including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level, in patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of IL-17-producing Tregs were identified in RA patients. This Treg subset with Th17 plasticity in peripheral blood retained suppressive functions and was associated with milder inflammatory conditions, suggesting that this Treg population works as a negative regulator in RA, but in RA synovial site it may be pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Division of Immunology & Inflammation (Rheumatology Section), Department of Medicine, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ningli Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Center of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhan-Guo Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Clinical Immunology Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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231
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How Can We Manipulate the IL-23/IL-17 Axis? CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-015-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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232
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Chen C, Zhang Q, Liu S, Parajuli KR, Qu Y, Mei J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Khismatullin DB, You Z. IL-17 and insulin/IGF1 enhance adhesion of prostate cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through CD44-VCAM-1 interaction. Prostate 2015; 75:883-95. [PMID: 25683512 PMCID: PMC4405436 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extravasation is a critical step in cancer metastasis, in which adhesion of intravascular cancer cells to the vascular endothelial cells is controlled by cell surface adhesion molecules. The role of interleukin-17 (IL-17), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in adhesion of prostate cancer cells to the vascular endothelial cells is unknown, which is the subject of the present study. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, and C4-2B) were analyzed for expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), integrins, and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. The effects of IL-17, insulin, and IGF1 on VCAM-1 expression and adhesion of prostate cancer cells to HUVECs were examined. The interaction of VCAM-1 and CD44 was assessed using immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS Insulin and IGF1 acted with IL-17 to increase VCAM-1 expression in HUVECs. PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, and C4-2B cells expressed β1 integrin but not α4 integrin. CD44 was expressed by PC-3 and DU-145 cells but not by LNCaP or C4-2B cells. When HUVECs were treated with IL-17, insulin or IGF1, particularly with a combination of IL-17 and insulin (or IGF1), adhesion of PC-3 and DU-145 cells to HUVECs was significantly increased. In contrast, adhesion of LNCaP and C4-2B cells to HUVECs was not affected by treatment of HUVECs with IL-17 and/or insulin/IGF1. CD44 expressed in PC-3 cells physically bound to VCAM-1 expressed in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS CD44-VCAM-1 interaction mediates the adhesion between prostate cancer cells and HUVECs. IL-17 and insulin/IGF1 enhance adhesion of prostate cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through increasing VCAM-1 expression in the vascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that IL-17 may act with insulin/IGF1 to promote prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Keshab R. Parajuli
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Yine Qu
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiandong Mei
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, Taian City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Damir B. Khismatullin
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
- Corresponding Author: Zongbing You, Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave mailbox 8649, New Orleans, LA 70112; Phone: 504-988-0467; FAX: 504-988-1687;
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233
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Konya C, Paz Z, Apostolidis SA, Tsokos GC. Update on the role of Interleukin 17 in rheumatologic autoimmune diseases. Cytokine 2015; 75:207-15. [PMID: 26028353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 17 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells when in the presence of a distinct set of cytokines and other cells. Preclinical and clinical studies have assigned a role to IL-17 in tissue inflammation and damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Antibodies blocking the action of IL-17 have already been approved to treat patients with psoriasis and it is expected that they may also benefit patients with other rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Konya
- Rheumatology Department at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Ziv Paz
- Rheumatology Department at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Rheumatology Department at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - George C Tsokos
- Rheumatology Department at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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234
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Tsoi LC, Spain SL, Ellinghaus E, Stuart PE, Capon F, Knight J, Tejasvi T, Kang HM, Allen MH, Lambert S, Stoll SW, Weidinger S, Gudjonsson JE, Koks S, Kingo K, Esko T, Das S, Metspalu A, Weichenthal M, Enerback C, Krueger GG, Voorhees JJ, Chandran V, Rosen CF, Rahman P, Gladman DD, Reis A, Nair RP, Franke A, Barker JNWN, Abecasis GR, Trembath RC, Elder JT. Enhanced meta-analysis and replication studies identify five new psoriasis susceptibility loci. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7001. [PMID: 25939698 PMCID: PMC4422106 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex genetic architecture. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a recent meta-analysis using Immunochip data have uncovered 36 susceptibility loci. Here, we extend our previous meta-analysis of European ancestry by refined genotype calling and imputation and by the addition of 5,033 cases and 5,707 controls. The combined analysis, consisting of over 15,000 cases and 27,000 controls, identifies five new psoriasis susceptibility loci at genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)). The newly identified signals include two that reside in intergenic regions (1q31.1 and 5p13.1) and three residing near PLCL2 (3p24.3), NFKBIZ (3q12.3) and CAMK2G (10q22.2). We further demonstrate that NFKBIZ is a TRAF3IP2-dependent target of IL-17 signalling in human skin keratinocytes, thereby functionally linking two strong candidate genes. These results further integrate the genetics and immunology of psoriasis, suggesting new avenues for functional analysis and improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jo Knight
- Neuroscience Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hyun M Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Michael H Allen
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Stefan W Stoll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sulev Koks
- Department of Pathophysiology, Centre of Translational Medicine and Centre for Translational Genomics, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sayantan Das
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotta Enerback
- Department of Dermatology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gerald G Krueger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Cheryl F Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Proton Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1C 5B8
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonathan N W N Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
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235
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The role of IL-17 in CNS diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:625-37. [PMID: 25716179 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines of the IL-17 family are uniquely placed on the border between immune cells and tissue. Although IL-17 was originally found to induce the activation and mobilization of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, its tissue-specific function is not yet fully understood. The best-studied IL-17 family members, IL-17A and IL-17F, are both typically produced by immune cells such as Th17, γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells group 3. However, the cells that respond to these cytokines are mostly found in inflamed tissue. As seen in psoriatic skin lesions or in joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients, high levels of IL-17 have been detected in the central nervous system (CNS) during inflammatory responses. Here, we provide a general review of the molecular function of IL-17 and its role in the CNS in particular. Of the different inflammatory conditions of the CNS, we found multiple sclerosis (MS) to be the one most associated with the presence of Th17 cells and IL-17. In particular, many studies using the murine model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, found a clear association of Th17 and IL-17 with disease severity and progression. We summarize the recent advances made in correlating the presence of IL-17 with impaired blood-brain barrier integrity as well as the activation of astrocytes and microglia and the consequences for disease progression. There is also evidence that IL-17 plays a pathogenic role in the post-ischemic phase of stroke as well as its experimental model. We review the limited but promising data on the sources of post-stroke IL-17 production and its effects on CNS-resident target cells. In addition to MS and stroke, there is also evidence linking high levels of IL-17 to depression, as a frequent comorbidity of several inflammatory diseases, as well as to different types of infections of the CNS. The evidence we supply here suggests that inhibiting the function of the IL-17 cytokine family could have a beneficial effect on pathogenic conditions in the CNS.
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236
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Moshaverinia A, Chen C, Xu X, Ansari S, Zadeh HH, Schricker SR, Paine ML, Moradian-Oldak J, Khademhosseini A, Snead ML, Shi S. Regulation of the Stem Cell-Host Immune System Interplay Using Hydrogel Coencapsulation System with an Anti-Inflammatory Drug. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:2296-2307. [PMID: 26120294 PMCID: PMC4478611 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The host immune system is known to influence mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated bone tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic capacity of hydrogel biomaterial to modulate the interplay between MSCs and T-lymphocytes is unknown. Here it is shown that encapsulating hydrogel affects this interplay when used to encapsulate MSCs for implantation by hindering the penetration of pro-inflammatory cells and/or cytokines, leading to improved viability of the encapsulated MSCs. This combats the effects of the host pro-inflammatory T-lymphocyte-induced nuclear factor kappaB pathway, which can reduce MSC viability through the CASPASE-3 and CAS-PASE-8 associated proapoptotic cascade, resulting in the apoptosis of MSCs. To corroborate rescue of engrafted MSCs from the insult of the host immune system, the incorporation of the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin into the encapsulating alginate hydrogel further regulates the local microenvironment and prevents pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that the encapsulating hydrogel can regulate the MSC-host immune cell interplay and direct the fate of the implanted MSCs, leading to enhanced tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Moshaverinia
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chider Chen
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xingtian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Homayoun H. Zadeh
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Scott R. Schricker
- College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, 305 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael L. Paine
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center Harvard Medical School 65 Landsdowne St, Rm 252, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Malcolm L. Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology (CCMB), Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Songtao Shi
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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237
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Reynolds JM, Lee YH, Shi Y, Wang X, Angkasekwinai P, Nallaparaju KC, Flaherty S, Chang SH, Watarai H, Dong C. Interleukin-17B Antagonizes Interleukin-25-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation. Immunity 2015; 42:692-703. [PMID: 25888259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines has emerged as a critical player in inflammatory diseases. Among them, IL-25 has been shown to be important in allergic inflammation and protection against parasitic infection. Here we have demonstrated that IL-17B, a poorly understood cytokine, functions to inhibit IL-25-driven inflammation. IL-17B and IL-25, both binding to the interleukin-17 receptor B (IL-17RB), were upregulated in their expression after acute colonic inflammation. Individual inhibition of these cytokines revealed opposing functions in colon inflammation: IL-25 was pathogenic but IL-17B was protective. Similarly opposing phenotypes were observed in Citrobacter rodentium infection and allergic asthma. Moreover, IL-25 was found to promote IL-6 production from colon epithelial cells, which was inhibited by IL-17B. Therefore, our data demonstrate that IL-17B is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the IL-17 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kalyan C Nallaparaju
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Stephanie Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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238
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Xie Z, Qu Y, Leng Y, Sun W, Ma S, Wei J, Hu J, Zhang X. Human colon carcinogenesis is associated with increased interleukin-17-driven inflammatory responses. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1679-89. [PMID: 25834404 PMCID: PMC4370916 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s79431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is known to contribute to carcinogenesis in human colorectal cancer. Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17 or IL-17A) has been shown to play a critical role in colon carcinogenesis in mouse models. However, few studies have investigated IL-17A in human colon tissues. In the present study, we assessed IL-17-driven inflammatory responses in 17 cases of human colon adenocarcinomas, 16 cases of human normal colon tissues adjacent to the resected colon adenocarcinomas, ten cases of human ulcerative colitis tissues from biopsies, and eight cases of human colon polyps diagnosed as benign adenomas. We found that human colon adenocarcinomas contained the highest levels of IL-17A cytokine, which was significantly higher than the IL-17A levels in the adenomas, ulcerative colitis, and normal colon tissues (P<0.01). The levels of IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) were also the highest in human colon adenocarcinomas, followed by adenomas and ulcerative colitis. The increased levels of IL-17A and IL-17RA were accompanied with increased IL-17-driven inflammatory responses, including activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, increase in expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, MMP7, MMP2, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2), and cyclin D1, decrease in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression, and increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression that were associated with increased angiogenesis. These findings suggest that IL-17 and its signaling pathways appear as promising new targets in the design and development of drugs for cancer prevention and treatment, particularly in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yine Qu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Leng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangong Hu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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239
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Huang G, Wang Y, Vogel P, Chi H. Control of IL-17 receptor signaling and tissue inflammation by the p38α-MKP-1 signaling axis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra24. [PMID: 25737586 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa2147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T helper 17 (T(H)17) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells that secrete the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), play a key pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases. Through inducible and tissue-specific deletion systems, we described the time- and tissue-specific roles of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38α in mediating T(H)17 cell-induced tissue inflammation. Inducible deletion of Mapk14 (which encodes p38α) after the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model for human multiple sclerosis, protected mice from inflammation. Furthermore, the severity of EAE was markedly reduced in mice with specific loss of p38α in neuroectoderm-derived cells, including astrocytes, an effect that was associated with defective production of chemokines and decreased infiltration of the target tissue by immune cells. p38α linked IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) signaling to the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Mice that lacked MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), an inhibitor of p38α, had exacerbated EAE and enhanced expression of IL-17R-dependent genes. Our results suggest that the p38α-MKP-1 signaling axis links IL-17R signaling in tissue-resident cells to autoimmune inflammation dependent on infiltrating T(H)17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonghua Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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240
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Zhang J, Fu Q, Ren Z, Wang Y, Wang C, Shen T, Wang G, Wu L. Changes of serum cytokines-related Th1/Th2/Th17 concentration in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:183-90. [PMID: 25384921 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2014.975683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmenopausal osteoporosis is now hypothetically considered to be an autoimmune and inflammatory process in which many pro-inflammatory and T cell-derived cytokines play important roles in the loss of bone mass. For instance, interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secreted by Th1 and IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 secreted by Th2 have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a characteristic cytokine secreted by Th17 cells of the CD4 + subgroup. Although IL-17 has been shown to enhance bone resorption in ovariectomized mouse model, bone cells and genetic research, human-related studies of IL-17 are few. METHODS According to WHO classification of osteoporosis by the T scores of BMD, the subjects were divided into the postmenopausal osteoporosis group (T scores≤-2.5), the postmenopausal osteopenia group (-2.5 < T scores<-1), and the postmenopausal normal BMD group (T scores≥-1); 30 subjects in each group. Cytometric bead array (CBA) technique was employed for serum determination of the primary indexes including IL-17A, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 concentrations in the 90 volunteers. In the meantime, serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were also determined in the patients. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was employed in data analysis to determine whether the testing results of various parameters had significant differences. The bivariate correlation was tested with the Pearson correlation coefficient. When p < 0.05, the difference was considered to have statistical significance. RESULTS Serum IL-17A concentration was significantly higher in the postmenopausal osteoporosis group than in the postmenopausal osteopenia group and the postmenopausal normal BMD group, but the difference between the postmenopausal osteopenia group and the postmenopausal normal BMD group had no statistical significance. IL-17A was negatively correlated with BMD. To our knowledge, we discovered for the first time that serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4 were significantly lower in the postmenopausal osteoporosis group than in the postmenopausal normal BMD group; IFN-γ and IL-4 were positively correlated with BMD. In addition, we also determined that BMI was negatively correlated with BMD; IL-17A was positively correlated with serum calcium. However, no significant differences in IL-6, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-10 were observed among the three groups; these three factors were not correlated with BMD. CONCLUSIONS Our experiments have confirmed the roles of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and in the promotion of bone resorption. Targeted therapy of IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-4 may be beneficial in the treatment of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our experiments have also confirmed the roles of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis and in the inhibition of bone resorption.
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241
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High prevalence of increased interleukin-17A serum levels in postmenopausal estrogen deficiency. Menopause 2015; 21:749-52. [PMID: 24253487 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency is associated with chronic inflammatory events that cause cardiovascular and osteoporosis diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between interleukin (IL)-17 and serum estradiol levels, age, and postmenopausal duration, as well as bone loss. METHODS The relationship between serum IL-17A and estradiol levels was studied in 72 postmenopausal women and 22 premenopausal women. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence were used to detect IL-17A and estradiol, respectively. RESULTS Estradiol levels were significantly higher and IL-17A levels were significantly lower in premenopausal women compared with postmenopausal women (estradiol: 239.44 [226.17] vs 74.21 [4.44] pmol/L, P < 0.0001; IL-17A: 2.88 [0.08] vs 3.5 [0.56] ng/mL, P < 0.0001). Seventy-eight of 94 women had lower estradiol levels (<83 pmol/L) with elevated IL-17A levels, in comparison with 16 women who had normal estrogen levels (3.43 [0.56] vs 3.01 [0.38] ng/mL, P < 0.0001). IL-17A levels inversely correlated with the total lumbar T-scores calculated in all women (P < 0.0001). IL-17A levels showed age-related dependency and a remarkable association with the postmenopausal period (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a high prevalence of increased serum IL-17A levels in postmenopausal estrogen deficiency, which can play an inducing role in chronic inflammatory events such as bone loss.
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Somma D, Mastrovito P, Grieco M, Lavorgna A, Pignalosa A, Formisano L, Salzano AM, Scaloni A, Pacifico F, Siebenlist U, Leonardi A. CIKS/DDX3X interaction controls the stability of the Zc3h12a mRNA induced by IL-17. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3286-94. [PMID: 25710910 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that promotes the expression of different cytokines and chemokines via the induction of gene transcription and the posttranscriptional stabilization of mRNAs. In this study, we show that IL-17 increases the half-life of the Zc3h12a mRNA via interaction of the adaptor protein CIKS with the DEAD box protein DDX3X. IL-17 stimulation promotes the formation of a complex between CIKS and DDX3X, and this interaction requires the helicase domain of DDX3X but not its ATPase activity. DDX3X knockdown decreases the IL-17-induced stability of Zc3h12a without affecting the stability of other mRNAs. IKKε, TNFR-associated factor 2, and TNFR-associated factor 5 were also required to mediate the IL-17-induced Zc3h12a stabilization. DDX3X directly binds the Zc3h12a mRNA after IL-17 stimulation. Collectively, our findings define a novel, IL-17-dependent mechanism regulating the stabilization of a selected mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Somma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Mastrovito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marianeve Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Lavorgna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Pignalosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pacifico
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Zepp JA, Wu L, Qian W, Ouyang W, Aronica M, Erzurum S, Li X. TRAF4-SMURF2-mediated DAZAP2 degradation is critical for IL-25 signaling and allergic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:2826-37. [PMID: 25681341 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
IL-25 promotes type 2 immunity by inducing the expression of Th2-associated cytokines. Although it is known that the IL-25R (IL-17RB) recruits the adaptor protein ACT1, the IL-25R signaling mechanism remains poorly understood. While screening for IL-25R components, we found that IL-25 responses were impaired in Traf4 (-/-) cells. Administering IL-25 to Traf4 (-/-) mice resulted in blunted airway eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine production. Notably, IL-25R recruitment of TRAF4 was required for the ACT1/IL-25R interaction. Mechanistically, TRAF4 recruited the E3-ligase SMURF2, to degrade the IL-25R-inhibitory molecule DAZAP2. Silencing Dazap2 increased ACT1/IL-25R interaction and IL-25 responsiveness. Moreover, a tyrosine within the IL-25R elicited DAZAP2 interference. This study indicates that TRAF4-SMURF2-mediated DAZAP2 degradation is a crucial initiating event for the IL-25 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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Th17 differentiation and their pro-inflammation function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 841:99-151. [PMID: 25261206 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9487-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T helper cells are classical but constantly reinterpreted T-cell subset, playing critical roles in a diverse range of inflammatory responses or diseases. Depending on the cytokines they release and the immune responses they mediate, CD4(+) T cells are classically divided into two major cell populations: Th1 and Th2 cells. However, recent studies challenged this Th1/Th2 paradigm by discovering several T-helper cell subsets with specific differentiation program and functions, including Th17 cells, Treg cells, and Tfh cells. In this chapter, we summarize the current understanding and recent progresses on the Th17 lineage differentiation and its effector impacts on variety of inflammatory responses or disease pathogenesis.
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245
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Wu NL, Huang DY, Tsou HN, Lin YC, Lin WW. Syk Mediates IL−17-Induced CCL20 Expression by Targeting Act1-Dependent K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TRAF6. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:490-498. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
: Interleukin-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) is responsible for both IL-17A and IL-25 (IL-17E) signaling pathways. Current evidences suggest distinct but interactive responses between IL-17A and IL-25 signaling, both of which are critical for intestinal immune homeostasis. IL-17RA is assumed to regulate this counterbalance and therefore becomes a crucial molecule in mucosal immunology. In this review, we will describe the structure of IL-17RA, compare IL-17A and IL-25 signaling pathways, and emphasize on the function of IL-17RA in intestinal inflammation and discuss current evidences of accomplished and ongoing clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies targeting Th17 pathway, especially IL-17RA.
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247
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Chen C, Zhang Q, Liu S, Lambrechts M, Qu Y, You Z. AZD5363 Inhibits Inflammatory Synergy between Interleukin-17 and Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1. Front Oncol 2014; 4:343. [PMID: 25520943 PMCID: PMC4249256 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, one-third of population is affected by obesity and almost 29 million people are suffering from type 2 diabetes. Obese people have elevated serum levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Insulin and IGF1 are known to enhance IL-17-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which may contribute to the chronic inflammatory status observed in obese people. We have previously demonstrated that insulin/IGF1 signaling pathway crosstalks with IL-17-activated nuclear factor-κB pathway through inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity. However, it is unclear whether GSK3α also plays a role and whether this crosstalk can be manipulated by AZD5363, a novel pan-Akt inhibitor that has been shown to increase glycogen synthase kinase 3 activity through reducing phosphorylation of GSK3α and GSK3β. In this study, we investigated IL-17-induced expression of C-X-C motif ligand 1 (Cxcl1), C-C motif ligand 20 (Ccl20), and interleukin-6 (Il-6) in wild-type, GSK3α−/−, and GSK3β−/− mouse embryonic fibroblast cells as well as in mouse prostate tissues by real-time quantitative PCR. We examined the proteins involved in the signaling pathways by Western blot analysis. We found that insulin and IGF1 enhanced IL-17-induced expression of Cxcl1, Ccl20, and Il-6, which was associated with increased phosphorylation of GSK3α and GSK3β in the presence of insulin and IGF1. AZD5363 inhibited the synergy between IL-17 and insulin/IGF1 through reducing phosphorylation of GSK3α and GSK3β by inhibiting Akt function. These findings imply that the cooperative crosstalk of IL-17 and insulin/IGF1 in initiating inflammatory responses may be alleviated by AZD5363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Mark Lambrechts
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | - Yine Qu
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei United University School of Basic Medicine , Tangshan, Hebei Province , China
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA
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248
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Gaffen SL, Jain R, Garg AV, Cua DJ. The IL-23-IL-17 immune axis: from mechanisms to therapeutic testing. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:585-600. [PMID: 25145755 DOI: 10.1038/nri3707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the discovery of T helper 17 (TH17) cells, the past decade has witnessed a major revision of the TH subset paradigm and substantial progress has been made in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of T cell lineage commitment and function. In this Review, we focus on the recent advances that have been made regarding the transcriptional control of TH17 cell plasticity and stability, as well as the effector functions of TH17 cells, and we highlight the mechanisms of IL-17 signalling in mesenchymal and barrier epithelial tissues. We also discuss the emerging clinical data showing that IL-17-specific and IL-23-specific antibody treatments are remarkably effective for treating many immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, S702 BST, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Renu Jain
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Abhishek V Garg
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, S702 BST, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Daniel J Cua
- Merck Research Laboratories, Palo Alto, 901 California Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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249
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Lin D, Li L, Sun Y, Wang W, Wang X, Ye Y, Chen X, Xu Y. IL-17 regulates the expressions of RANKL and OPG in human periodontal ligament cells via TRAF6/TBK1-JNK/NF-κB pathways. Immunology 2014; 144:472-485. [PMID: 25263088 PMCID: PMC4557684 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17 or IL-17A), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including periodontitis. Although the ability of pro-inflammation in periodontitis have been widely investigated, the other biological functions of IL-17, including its role in bone remodeling and the underlying molecular mechanism, have not been well clarified. In the present study, IL-17 could significantly enhance the expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and inhibit the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), the two critical indicators for osteoclastogenesis, suggesting IL-17 may play a destructive role in the pathogenesis of periodontal bone remodeling. Pharmaceutical signal inhibitors targeted at MAPKs, Akt or NF-κB signals, inhibited IL-17-induced RANKL and OPG regulation. Notably, the enhancement of RANKL was significantly blocked by the inhibitors of JNK and NF-κB signals. The upstream signals were further investigated with the small interfering RNA (siRNA). Both TRAF6 and TBK1 were found to be the critically signal molecules for IL-17-dependent RANKL regulation in hPDLCs. These findings may provide comprehensive understanding of the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and might also provide a reasonable way for periodontitis therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical NanjingJiangsu, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical NanjingJiangsu, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Yu Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsu, China
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical NanjingJiangsu, China
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Najafi S, Hadinedoushan H, Eslami G, Aflatoonian A. Association of IL-17A and IL-17 F gene polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1491-6. [PMID: 25227691 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the occurrence of two or more miscarriages before the 20th week of pregnancy. T helper17 cells are a novel subset of T cells, which secrete IL (Interleukin)-17 and are known to be involved in inflammation, autoimmunity and rejection of non-self tissues. Herein, we studied the association between IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17F rs763780 gene polymorphisms with RPL in Iranian women. METHODS A case-controlled study was performed on two groups consisting of 85 healthy women with at least one delivery and 85 women with the history of two or more RPLs. The frequency of IL-17A rs2275913 and IL-17 F rs763780 polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS In the RPL group, the genotypes frequencies of rs2275913 polymorphism were GG (8.2 %), AG (30.6 %), and AA (61.2 %) and in the control group, were GG (3.5 %), AG (42.4 %) and AA (54.1 %). Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the genotypes of AA, AG and GG in the two groups (p = 0.1). The genotypes frequencies of rs763780 polymorphism were TT (43.5 %), TC (49.4 %) and CC (7.1 %) in the RPL group; whereas the frequencies were TT (25.9 %), TC (70.6 %) and CC (3.5 %) in the control group. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the TT, TC, and CC genotypes frequencies between the case and the control groups (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that IL-17F polymorphism, rs763780, might be associated with a high risk of RPL in Iranian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjou Blv, Pirapezeshki, Yazd, Iran
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