201
|
Abdullah L, Evans JE, Ferguson S, Mouzon B, Montague H, Reed J, Crynen G, Emmerich T, Crocker M, Pelot R, Mullan M, Crawford F. Lipidomic analyses identify injury‐specific phospholipid changes 3 mo after traumatic brain injury. FASEB J 2014; 28:5311-21. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - James E. Evans
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Scott Ferguson
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Benoit Mouzon
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Jon Reed
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Tanja Emmerich
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Robert Pelot
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| | | | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp InstituteSarasotaFloridaUSA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs HospitalTampaFloridaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Szeto HH, Birk AV. Serendipity and the discovery of novel compounds that restore mitochondrial plasticity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:672-83. [PMID: 25188726 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) plays a central role in energy generation in the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunctions diminish adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and result in insufficient energy to maintain cell function. As energy output declines, the most energetic tissues are preferentially affected. To satisfy cellular energy demands, the mitochondrial ETC needs to be able to elevate its capacity to produce ATP at times of increased metabolic demand or decreased fuel supply. This mitochondrial plasticity is reduced in many age-associated diseases. In this review, we describe the serendipitous discovery of a novel class of compounds that selectively target cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane to optimize efficiency of the ETC and thereby restore cellular bioenergetics in aging and diverse disease models, without any effect on the normal healthy organism. The first of these compounds, SS-31, is currently in multiple clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Szeto
- Research Program in Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - A V Birk
- Research Program in Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Amoscato AA, Sparvero LJ, He RR, Watkins S, Bayir H, Kagan VE. Imaging mass spectrometry of diversified cardiolipin molecular species in the brain. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6587-95. [PMID: 24949523 PMCID: PMC4082390 DOI: 10.1021/ac5011876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) has been used successfully in mapping different lipids in tissue sections, yet existing protocols fail to detect the diverse species of mitochondria-unique cardiolipins (CLs) in the brain which are essential for cellular and mitochondrial physiology. We have developed methods enabling the imaging of individual CLs in brain tissue. This was achieved by eliminating ion suppressive effects by (i) cross-linking carboxyl/amino containing molecules on tissue with 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-carbodiimide hydrochloride and (ii) removing highly abundant phosphatidylcholine head groups via phospholipase C treatment. These treatments allowed the detection of CL species at 100 μm resolution and did not affect the amount or molecular species distribution of brain tissue CLs. When combined with augmented matrix application, these modifications allowed the visualization and mapping of multiple CL species in various regions of the brain including the thalamus, hippocampus, and cortex. Areas such as the dentate and stratum radiatum exhibited higher CL signals than other areas within the hippocampal formation. The habenular nuclear (Hb)/dorsal third ventricle (D3 V) and lateral ventricle (LV) areas were identified as CL "hot spots". Our method also allowed structural MS/MS fragmentation and mapping of CLs with identified fatty acid residues and demonstrated a nonrandom distribution of individual oxidizable (polyunsaturated fatty acid containing) and nonoxidizable (nonpolyunsaturated containing) CLs in different anatomical areas of the brain. To our knowledge, this method is the first label-free approach for molecular mapping of diversified CLs in brain tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Amoscato
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant
Health, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation
Research, and Department of Cell Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - L. J. Sparvero
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant
Health, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation
Research, and Department of Cell Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - R. R. He
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant
Health, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation
Research, and Department of Cell Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
- Pharmacy
College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - S. Watkins
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant
Health, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation
Research, and Department of Cell Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - H. Bayir
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant
Health, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation
Research, and Department of Cell Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - V. E. Kagan
- Department
of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant
Health, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation
Research, and Department of Cell Biology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
van Bilsen M, Planavila A. Fatty acids and cardiac disease: fuel carrying a message. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:476-90. [PMID: 24773697 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
From the viewpoint of the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden, there has been a continuous interest in the detrimental effects of the Western-type high-fat diet for more than half a century. More recently, this general view has been subject to change as epidemiological studies showed that replacing fat by carbohydrate may even be worse and that various polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) have beneficial rather than detrimental effects on CVD outcome. At the same time, advances in lipid biology have provided insight into the mechanisms by which the different lipid components of the Western diet affect the cardiovascular system. In fact, this still is a rapidly growing field of research and in recent years novel FA derivatives and FA receptors have been discovered. This includes fish-oil derived FA-derivatives with anti-inflammatory properties, the so-called resolvins, and various G-protein-coupled receptors that recognize FA as ligands. In the present review, we will extensively discuss the role of FA and their metabolites on cardiac disease, with special emphasis on the role of the different saturated and polyunsaturated FA and their respective metabolites in cellular signal transduction and the possible implications for the development of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. van Bilsen
- Department of Physiology; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - A. Planavila
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB); Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Jiang J, Bakan A, Kapralov AA, Ishara Silva K, Huang Z, Amoscato AA, Peterson J, Krishna Garapati V, Saxena S, Bayir H, Atkinson J, Bahar I, Kagan VE. Designing inhibitors of cytochrome c/cardiolipin peroxidase complexes: mitochondria-targeted imidazole-substituted fatty acids. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:221-230. [PMID: 24631490 PMCID: PMC4216591 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as the major regulatory platform responsible for the coordination of numerous metabolic reactions as well as cell death processes, whereby the execution of intrinsic apoptosis includes the production of reactive oxygen species fueling oxidation of cardiolipin (CL) catalyzed by cytochrome (Cyt) c. As this oxidation occurs within the peroxidase complex of Cyt c with CL, the latter represents a promising target for the discovery and design of drugs with antiapoptotic mechanisms of action. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new group of mitochondria-targeted imidazole-substituted analogs of stearic acid TPP-n-ISAs with various positions of the attached imidazole group on the fatty acid (n = 6, 8, 10, 13, and 14). By using a combination of absorption spectroscopy and EPR protocols (continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance and electron spin echo envelope modulation) we demonstrated that TPP-n-ISAs indeed were able to potently suppress CL-induced structural rearrangements in Cyt c, paving the way to its peroxidase competence. TPP-n-ISA analogs preserved the low-spin hexa-coordinated heme-iron state in Cyt c/CL complexes whereby TPP-6-ISA displayed a significantly more effective preservation pattern than TPP-14-ISA. Elucidation of these intermolecular stabilization mechanisms of Cyt c identified TPP-6-ISA as an effective inhibitor of the peroxidase function of Cyt c/CL complexes with a significant antiapoptotic potential realized in mouse embryonic cells exposed to ionizing irradiation. These experimental findings were detailed and supported by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the experimental data and computation predictions, we identified TPP-6-ISA as a candidate drug with optimized antiapoptotic potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Jiang
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ahmet Bakan
- Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexandr A Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - K Ishara Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Zhentai Huang
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - James Peterson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Venkata Krishna Garapati
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sunil Saxena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health and Center for Medical Countermeasures against Radiation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Tyurina YY, Poloyac SM, Tyurin VA, Kapralov AA, Jiang J, Anthonymuthu TS, Kapralova VI, Vikulina AS, Jung MY, Epperly MW, Mohammadyani D, Klein-Seetharaman J, Jackson TC, Kochanek PM, Pitt BR, Greenberger JS, Vladimirov YA, Bayır H, Kagan VE. A mitochondrial pathway for biosynthesis of lipid mediators. Nat Chem 2014; 6:542-52. [PMID: 24848241 PMCID: PMC4201180 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The central role of mitochondria in metabolic pathways and in cell-death mechanisms requires sophisticated signalling systems. Essential in this signalling process is an array of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the molecular machinery for the production of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids is localized in the cytosol and their biosynthesis has not been identified in mitochondria. Here we report that a range of diversified polyunsaturated molecular species derived from a mitochondria-specific phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL), is oxidized by the intermembrane-space haemoprotein, cytochrome c. We show that a number of oxygenated CL species undergo phospholipase A2-catalysed hydrolysis and thus generate multiple oxygenated fatty acids, including well-known lipid mediators. This represents a new biosynthetic pathway for lipid mediators. We demonstrate that this pathway, which includes the oxidation of polyunsaturated CLs and accumulation of their hydrolysis products (oxygenated linoleic, arachidonic acids and monolysocardiolipins), is activated in vivo after acute tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Samuel M. Poloyac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Alexander A. Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Jianfei Jiang
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Tamil Selvan Anthonymuthu
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Valentina I. Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Anna S. Vikulina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biophysics, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mi-Yeon Jung
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Dariush Mohammadyani
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Travis C. Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Bruce R. Pitt
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Yury A. Vladimirov
- Department of Biophysics, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Gustafsson H, Hallbeck M, Lindgren M, Kolbun N, Jonson M, Engström M, de Muinck E, Zachrisson H. Visualization of oxidative stress in ex vivo biopsies using electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1682-91. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Technology (MTÖ), Radiation Physics; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - Martin Hallbeck
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Mikael Lindgren
- Department of Physics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- IFM-Department of Chemistry; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Natallia Kolbun
- Department of Medical Technology (MTÖ), Radiation Physics; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - Maria Jonson
- IFM-Department of Chemistry; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Department of Medical Technology (MTÖ), Radiation Physics; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV); Linköping University; Sweden
| | - Ebo de Muinck
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - Helene Zachrisson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Zhong H, Lu J, Xia L, Zhu M, Yin H. Formation of electrophilic oxidation products from mitochondrial cardiolipin in vitro and in vivo in the context of apoptosis and atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:878-83. [PMID: 25061570 PMCID: PMC4099507 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL) are prone to free radical oxidation and this process appears to be intimately associated with multiple biological functions of mitochondria. Our previous work demonstrated that a significant amount of potent lipid electrophiles including 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE) was generated from CL oxidation through a novel chemical mechanism. Here we provide further evidence that a characteristic class of CL oxidation products, epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL (EAA-CL), is formed through this novel mechanism in isolated mice liver mitochondria when treated with the pro-apoptotic protein t-Bid to induce cyt c release. Generation of these oxidation products are dose-dependently attenuated by a peroxidase inhibitor acetaminophen (ApAP). Using a mouse model of atherosclerosis, we detected significant amount of these CL oxidation products in liver tissue of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR −/−) mice after Western diet feeding. Our studies highlight the importance of lipid electrophiles formation from CL oxidation in the settings of apoptosis and atherosclerosis as inhibition of CL oxidation and lipid electrophiles formation may have potential therapeutic value in diseases linked to oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions. 4-HNE and other electrophilic lipids are formed from mitochondrial cardiolipin. Novel electrophilic oxidation products EAA-CL were identified in vitro and in vivo. Level of EAA-CL in liver tissue of LDLR −/− mice is higher with Western diet feeding. ApAP dose-dependently inhibits EAA-CL formation during t-Bid induced cyt c release. CL electrophilic lipid formation is important in apoptosis and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-nonena
- 4-ONE, 4-oxo-2-nonenal
- 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2
- ApAP, acetaminophen
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis
- BHT, butylate hydroxytoluene
- CL, cardiolipin cyt c cytochrome c
- Cardiolipin
- EAA-CL, epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL
- ESI, electrospray
- ETC, electron transport chain
- Epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL (EAA-CL)
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HODE, hydroxyoctadienoic acid
- HpODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid
- KODE, keto-octadecadienoic acid
- L3OCL, trilinoleoyl oleoyl cardiolipin
- L4CL, tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin
- LA, linoleic acid
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LDLR −/−, low density lipoprotein receptor knockout
- Lipid peroxidation
- Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)
- M4CL, tetramyristeoyl cardiolipin
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- Mitochondria
- PHGPX, hospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Prdx3/Prx3, peroxiredoxin 3
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Room 1826, New Life Science Building, 320 Yueyang Road, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Szeto HH. First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2029-50. [PMID: 24117165 PMCID: PMC3976620 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in energy is common in aging, and the restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics may offer a common approach for the treatment of numerous age-associated diseases. Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid that is exclusively expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane where it plays an important structural role in cristae formation and the organization of the respiratory complexes into supercomplexes for optimal oxidative phosphorylation. The interaction between cardiolipin and cytochrome c determines whether cytochrome c acts as an electron carrier or peroxidase. Cardiolipin peroxidation and depletion have been reported in a variety of pathological conditions associated with energy deficiency, and cardiolipin has been identified as a target for drug development. This review focuses on the discovery and development of the first cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent. SS-31 is a member of the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides known to selectively target the inner mitochondrial membrane. SS-31 binds selectively to cardiolipin via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. By interacting with cardiolipin, SS-31 prevents cardiolipin from converting cytochrome c into a peroxidase while protecting its electron carrying function. As a result, SS-31 protects the structure of mitochondrial cristae and promotes oxidative phosphorylation. SS-31 represents a new class of compounds that can recharge the cellular powerhouse and restore bioenergetics. Extensive animal studies have shown that targeting such a fundamental mechanism can benefit highly complex diseases that share a common pathogenesis of bioenergetics failure. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of SS-31 and provides an update of its clinical development programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazel H Szeto
- Research Program in Mitochondrial Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Tyurina YY, Domingues RM, Tyurin VA, Maciel E, Domingues P, Amoscato AA, Bayir H, Kagan VE. Characterization of cardiolipins and their oxidation products by LC-MS analysis. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 179:3-10. [PMID: 24333544 PMCID: PMC4025908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipins, a class of mitochondria-specific lipid molecules, is one of the most unusual and ancient phospholipids found in essentially all living species. Typical of mammalian cells is the presence of vulnerable to oxidation polyunsaturated fatty acid resides in CL molecules. The overall role and involvement of cardiolipin oxidation (CLox) products in major intracellular signaling as well as extracellular inflammatory and immune responses have been established. However, identification of individual peroxidized molecular species in the context of their ability to induce specific biological responses has not been yet achieved. This is due, at least in part, to technological difficulties in detection, identification, structural characterization and quantitation of CLox associated with their very low abundance and exquisite diversification. This dictates the need for the development of new methodologies for reliable, sensitive and selective analysis of both CLox. LC-MS-based oxidative lipidomics with high mass accuracy instrumentation as well as new software packages are promising in achieving the goals of expedited and reliable analysis of cardiolipin oxygenated species in biosamples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Rosario M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andrew A Amoscato
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Kagan VE, Chu CT, Tyurina YY, Cheikhi A, Bayir H. Cardiolipin asymmetry, oxidation and signaling. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 179:64-9. [PMID: 24300280 PMCID: PMC3973441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are ancient and unusual dimeric phospholipids localized in the plasma membrane of bacteria and in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes. In mitochondria, two types of asymmetries--trans-membrane and molecular--are essential determinants of CL functions. In this review, we describe CL-based signaling mitochondrial pathways realized via modulation of trans-membrane asymmetry and leading to externalization and peroxidation of CLs in mitophagy and apoptosis, respectively. We discuss possible mechanisms of CL translocations from the inner leaflet of the inner to the outer leaflet of the outer mitochondrial membranes. We present redox reaction mechanisms of cytochrome c-catalyzed CL peroxidation as a required stage in the execution of apoptosis. We also emphasize the significance of CL-related metabolic pathways as new targets for drug discovery. Finally, a remarkable diversity of polyunsaturated CL species and their oxidation products have evolved in eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes. This diversity--associated with CL molecular asymmetry--is presented as the basis for mitochondrial communications language.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Center for Neuroscience, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Amin Cheikhi
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Kosinska MK, Liebisch G, Lochnit G, Wilhelm J, Klein H, Kaesser U, Lasczkowski G, Rickert M, Schmitz G, Steinmeyer J. Sphingolipids in human synovial fluid--a lipidomic study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91769. [PMID: 24646942 PMCID: PMC3960152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular synovial fluid (SF) is a complex mixture of components that regulate nutrition, communication, shock absorption, and lubrication. Alterations in its composition can be pathogenic. This lipidomic investigation aims to quantify the composition of sphingolipids (sphingomyelins, ceramides, and hexosyl- and dihexosylceramides) and minor glycerophospholipid species, including (lyso)phosphatidic acid, (lyso)phosphatidylglycerol, and bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate species, in the SF of knee joints from unaffected controls and from patients with early (eOA) and late (lOA) stages of osteoarthritis (OA), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SF without cells and cellular debris from 9 postmortem donors (control), 18 RA, 17 eOA, and 13 lOA patients were extracted to measure lipid species using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry - directly or coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. We provide a novel, detailed overview of sphingolipid and minor glycerophospholipid species in human SF. A total of 41, 48, and 50 lipid species were significantly increased in eOA, lOA, and RA SF, respectively when compared with normal SF. The level of 21 lipid species differed in eOA SF versus SF from lOA, an observation that can be used to develop biomarkers. Sphingolipids can alter synovial inflammation and the repair responses of damaged joints. Thus, our lipidomic study provides the foundation for studying the biosynthesis and function of lipid species in health and most prevalent joint diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Medical Clinic II/IV, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heiko Klein
- Department of Orthopedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kaesser
- Internistisches Praxiszentrum am Krankenhaus Balserische Stiftung, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Lasczkowski
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Department of Orthopedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Department of Orthopedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Brügger B. Lipidomics: analysis of the lipid composition of cells and subcellular organelles by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Annu Rev Biochem 2014; 83:79-98. [PMID: 24606142 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lipidomics aims to quantitatively define lipid classes, including their molecular species, in biological systems. Lipidomics has experienced rapid progress, mainly because of continuous technical advances in instrumentation that are now enabling quantitative lipid analyses with an unprecedented level of sensitivity and precision. The still-growing category of lipids includes a broad diversity of chemical structures with a wide range of physicochemical properties. Reflecting this diversity, different methods and strategies are being applied to the quantification of lipids. Here, I review state-of-the-art electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric approaches and direct infusion to quantitatively assess lipid compositions of cells and subcellular fractions. Finally, I discuss a few examples of the power of mass spectrometry-based lipidomics in addressing cell biological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britta Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most important cause of disability in individuals under the age of 45 years and thus represents a significant social and economic burden. Evidence strongly suggests that oxidative stress is a cornerstone event leading to and propagating secondary injury mechanisms such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy, brain edema, and inflammation. TBI has defied conventional approaches to diagnosis and therapy development because of its heterogeneity and complexity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative approaches to therapy development for TBI. The aim of this review is to present a therapeutic approach for TBI, taking into account the evidence supporting the role for oxidative stress in the pathophysiological processes of secondary brain injury. The role of agents such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (melatonin and new mitochondria-targeted antioxidants), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) inhibitors (antioxidant vitamins and apocynin), and other compounds having mainly antioxidant properties (hydrogen-rich saline, sulforaphane, U-83836E, omega-3, and polyphenols) is covered. The rationale for innovative antioxidant therapies based on current knowledge and particularly the most recent studies regarding this field is discussed. Particular considerations and translational potential of new TBI treatments are examined and a novel therapeutic proposal for TBI is presented.
Collapse
|
215
|
Rin Jean S, Tulumello DV, Wisnovsky SP, Lei EK, Pereira MP, Kelley SO. Molecular vehicles for mitochondrial chemical biology and drug delivery. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:323-33. [PMID: 24410267 DOI: 10.1021/cb400821p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria within human cells play a major role in a variety of critical processes involved in cell survival and death. An understanding of mitochondrial involvement in various human diseases has generated an appreciable amount of interest in exploring this organelle as a potential drug target. As a result, a number of strategies to probe and combat mitochondria-associated diseases have emerged. Access to mitochondria-specific delivery vectors has allowed the study of biological processes within this intracellular compartment with a heightened level of specificity. In this review, we summarize the features of existing delivery vectors developed for targeting probes and therapeutics to this highly impermeable organelle. We also discuss the major applications of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive molecules, which include the detection and treatment of oxidative damage, combating bacterial infections, and the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer. Future directions include the assessment of the therapeutic benefit achieved by mitochondrial targeting for treatment of disease in vivo. In addition, the availability of mitochondria-specific chemical probes will allow the elucidation of the details of biological processes that occur within this cellular compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Rin Jean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David V. Tulumello
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon P. Wisnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric K. Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark P. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
The role of iron and reactive oxygen species in cell death. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:9-17. [PMID: 24346035 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1525] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transition metal iron is essential for life, yet potentially toxic iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable in an oxygen-rich environment. Iron and ROS are increasingly recognized as important initiators and mediators of cell death in a variety of organisms and pathological situations. Here, we review recent discoveries regarding the mechanism by which iron and ROS participate in cell death. We describe the different roles of iron in triggering cell death, targets of iron-dependent ROS that mediate cell death and a new form of iron-dependent cell death termed ferroptosis. Recent advances in understanding the role of iron and ROS in cell death offer unexpected surprises and suggest new therapeutic avenues to treat cancer, organ damage and degenerative disease.
Collapse
|
217
|
Kanter DJ, O'Brien MB, Shi XH, Chu T, Mishima T, Beriwal S, Epperly MW, Wipf P, Greenberger JS, Sadovsky Y. The impact of ionizing radiation on placental trophoblasts. Placenta 2014; 35:85-91. [PMID: 24418702 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to low-dose radiation is widespread and attributable to natural sources. However, occupational, medical, accidental, and terrorist-related exposures remain a significant threat. Information on radiation injury to the feto-placental unit is scant and largely observational. We hypothesized that radiation causes trophoblast injury, and alters the expression of injury-related transcripts in vitro or in vivo, thus affecting fetal growth. METHODS Primary human trophoblasts (PHTs), BeWo or NCCIT cells were irradiated in vitro, and cell number and viability were determined. Pregnant C57Bl/6HNsd mice were externally irradiated on E13.5, and placentas examined on E17.5. RNA expression was analyzed using microarrays and RT-qPCR. The experiments were repeated in the presence of the gramicidin S (GS)-derived nitroxide JP4-039, used to mitigate radiation-induced cell injury. RESULTS We found that survival of in vitro-irradiated PHT cell was better than that of irradiated BeWo trophoblast cell line or the radiosensitive NCCIT mixed germ cell tumor line. Radiation altered the expression of several trophoblast genes, with a most dramatic effect on CDKN1A (p21, CIP1). Mice exposed to radiation at E13.5 exhibited a 25% reduction in mean weight by E17.5, and a 9% reduction in placental weight, which was associated with relatively small changes in placental gene expression. JP4-039 had a minimal effect on feto-placental growth or on gene expression in irradiated PHT cells or mouse placenta. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION While radiation affects placental trophoblasts, the established placenta is fairly resistant to radiation, and changes in this tissue may not fully account for fetal growth restriction induced by ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Kanter
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M B O'Brien
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X-H Shi
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Chu
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - T Mishima
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Beriwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Y Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Frantz MC, Skoda EM, Sacher JR, Epperly MW, Goff JP, Greenberger JS, Wipf P. Synthesis of analogs of the radiation mitigator JP4-039 and visualization of BODIPY derivatives in mitochondria. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4147-53. [PMID: 23715589 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
JP4-039 is a lead structure in a series of nitroxide conjugates that are capable of accumulating in mitochondria and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). To explore structure-activity relationships (SAR), new analogs with variable nitroxide moieties were prepared. Furthermore, fluorophore-tagged analogs were synthesized and provided the opportunity for visualization in mitochondria. All analogs were tested for radioprotective and radiomitigative effects in 32Dcl3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Céline Frantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
219
|
Brown DA, Sabbah HN, Shaikh SR. Mitochondrial inner membrane lipids and proteins as targets for decreasing cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:258-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
220
|
Buck KJ, Walter NAR, Denmark DL. Genetic variability of respiratory complex abundance, organization and activity in mouse brain. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2013; 13:135-43. [PMID: 24164700 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of numerous human disorders involving tissues with high energy demand. Murine models are widely used to elucidate genetic determinants of phenotypes relevant to human disease, with recent studies of C57BL/6J (B6), DBA/2J (D2) and B6xD2 populations implicating naturally occurring genetic variation in mitochondrial function/dysfunction. Using blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblots and in-gel activity analyses of complexes I, II, III, IV and V, our studies are the first to assess abundance, organization and catalytic activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and supercomplexes in mouse brain. Remarkable strain differences in supercomplex assembly and associated activity are evident, without differences in individual complexes I, II, III or IV. Supercomplexes I1 III2 IV2-3 exhibit robust complex III immunoreactivity and activities of complexes I and IV in D2, but with little detected in B6 for I1 III2 IV2 , and I1 III2 IV3 is not detected in B6. I1 III2 IV1 and I1 III2 are abundant and catalytically active in both strains, but significantly more so in B6. Furthermore, while supercomplex III2 IV1 is abundant in D2, none is detected in B6. In aggregate, these results indicate a shift toward more highly assembled supercomplexes in D2. Respiratory supercomplexes are thought to increase electron flow efficiency and individual complex stability, and to reduce electron leak and generation of reactive oxygen species. Our results provide a framework to begin assessing the role of respiratory complex suprastructure in genetic vulnerability and treatment for a wide variety of mitochondrial-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Buck
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Dibrova DV, Cherepanov DA, Galperin MY, Skulachev VP, Mulkidjanian AY. Evolution of cytochrome bc complexes: from membrane-anchored dehydrogenases of ancient bacteria to triggers of apoptosis in vertebrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1827:1407-27. [PMID: 23871937 PMCID: PMC3839093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review traces the evolution of the cytochrome bc complexes from their early spread among prokaryotic lineages and up to the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III) and its role in apoptosis. The results of phylogenomic analysis suggest that the bacterial cytochrome b6f-type complexes with short cytochromes b were the ancient form that preceded in evolution the cytochrome bc1-type complexes with long cytochromes b. The common ancestor of the b6f-type and the bc1-type complexes probably resembled the b6f-type complexes found in Heliobacteriaceae and in some Planctomycetes. Lateral transfers of cytochrome bc operons could account for the several instances of acquisition of different types of bacterial cytochrome bc complexes by archaea. The gradual oxygenation of the atmosphere could be the key evolutionary factor that has driven further divergence and spread of the cytochrome bc complexes. On the one hand, oxygen could be used as a very efficient terminal electron acceptor. On the other hand, auto-oxidation of the components of the bc complex results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which necessitated diverse adaptations of the b6f-type and bc1-type complexes, as well as other, functionally coupled proteins. A detailed scenario of the gradual involvement of the cardiolipin-containing mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex into the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is proposed, where the functioning of the complex as an apoptotic trigger is viewed as a way to accelerate the elimination of the cells with irreparably damaged, ROS-producing mitochondria. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Respiratory complex III and related bc complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Dibrova
- School of Physics, University of Osnabrueck, D-49069 Osnabrueck, Germany; School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
222
|
Hardeland R. Melatonin and the theories of aging: a critical appraisal of melatonin's role in antiaging mechanisms. J Pineal Res 2013; 55:325-56. [PMID: 24112071 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The classic theories of aging such as the free radical theory, including its mitochondria-related versions, have largely focused on a few specific processes of senescence. Meanwhile, numerous interconnections have become apparent between age-dependent changes previously thought to proceed more or less independently. Increased damage by free radicals is not only linked to impairments of mitochondrial function, but also to inflammaging as it occurs during immune remodeling and by release of proinflammatory cytokines from mitotically arrested, DNA-damaged cells that exhibit the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Among other effects, SASP can cause mutations in stem cells that reduce the capacity for tissue regeneration or, in worst case, lead to cancer stem cells. Oxidative stress has also been shown to promote telomere attrition. Moreover, damage by free radicals is connected to impaired circadian rhythmicity. Another nexus exists between cellular oscillators and metabolic sensing, in particular to the aging-suppressor SIRT1, which acts as an accessory clock protein. Melatonin, being a highly pleiotropic regulator molecule, interacts directly or indirectly with all the processes mentioned. These influences are critically reviewed, with emphasis on data from aged organisms and senescence-accelerated animals. The sometimes-controversial findings obtained either in a nongerontological context or in comparisons of tumor with nontumor cells are discussed in light of evidence obtained in senescent organisms. Although, in mammals, lifetime extension by melatonin has been rarely documented in a fully conclusive way, a support of healthy aging has been observed in rodents and is highly likely in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Sandra K, Sandra P. Lipidomics from an analytical perspective. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:847-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
224
|
Chu CT, Ji J, Dagda RK, Jiang JF, Tyurina YY, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Yanamala N, Shrivastava IH, Mohammadyani D, Wang KZQ, Zhu J, Klein-Seetharaman J, Balasubramanian K, Amoscato AA, Borisenko G, Huang Z, Gusdon AM, Cheikhi A, Steer EK, Wang R, Baty C, Watkins S, Bahar I, Bayir H, Kagan VE. Cardiolipin externalization to the outer mitochondrial membrane acts as an elimination signal for mitophagy in neuronal cells. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1197-1205. [PMID: 24036476 PMCID: PMC3806088 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of injured mitochondria for degradation by macroautophagy is essential for cellular health, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cardiolipin is an inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid. We found that rotenone, staurosporine, 6-hydroxydopamine and other pro-mitophagy stimuli caused externalization of cardiolipin to the mitochondrial surface in primary cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. RNAi knockdown of cardiolipin synthase or of phospholipid scramblase-3, which transports cardiolipin to the outer mitochondrial membrane, decreased the delivery of mitochondria to autophagosomes. Furthermore, we found that the autophagy protein microtubule-associated-protein-1 light chain 3 (LC3), which mediates both autophagosome formation and cargo recognition, contains cardiolipin-binding sites important for the engulfment of mitochondria by the autophagic system. Mutation of LC3 residues predicted as cardiolipin-interaction sites by computational modelling inhibited its participation in mitophagy. These data indicate that redistribution of cardiolipin serves as an 'eat-me' signal for the elimination of damaged mitochondria from neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charleen T. Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ruben K. Dagda
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jian Fei Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | | | - Dariush Mohammadyani
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | | | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | | | - Krishnakumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Grigory Borisenko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Zhentai Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Aaron M. Gusdon
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Amin Cheikhi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Erin K. Steer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ruth Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Catherine Baty
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Nesbitt KM, Jaquins-Gerstl A, Skoda EM, Wipf P, Michael AC. Pharmacological mitigation of tissue damage during brain microdialysis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8173-9. [PMID: 23927692 PMCID: PMC3799822 DOI: 10.1021/ac401201x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis sampling in the brain is employed frequently in the chemical analysis of neurological function and disease, but implanting the probes, which are substantially larger than the size and spacing of brain cells and blood vessels, is injurious and triggers ischemia, gliosis, and cell death at the sampling site. The nature of the interface between the brain and the microdialysis probe is critical to the use of microdialysis as a neurochemical analysis technique. The objective of the work reported here was to investigate the potential of two compounds, dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent, and XJB-5-131, a mitochondrially targeted reactive oxygen species scavenger, to mitigate the penetration injury. Measurements were performed in the rat brain striatum, which is densely innervated by axons that release dopamine, an electroactive neurotransmitter. We used voltammetry to measure electrically evoked dopamine release next to microdialysis probes during the retrodialysis of dexamethasone or XJB-5-131. After the in vivo measurements, the brain tissue containing the microdialysis probe tracks was examined by fluorescence microscopy using markers for ischemia, neuronal nuclei, macrophages, and dopamine axons and terminals. Dexamethasone and XJB-5-131 each diminished the loss of evoked dopamine activity, diminished ischemia, diminished the loss of neuronal nuclei, diminished the appearance of extravasated macrophages, and diminished the loss of dopamine axons and terminals next to the probes. Our findings confirm the ability of dexamethasone and XJB-5-131 to mitigate, but not eliminate, the effects of the penetration injury caused by implanting microdialysis probes into brain tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Nesbitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | | | - Erin M. Skoda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Adrian C. Michael
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Goff JP, Shields DS, Wang H, Skoda EM, Sprachman MM, Wipf P, Garapati VK, Atkinson J, London B, Lazo JS, Kagan V, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS. Evaluation of potential ionizing irradiation protectors and mitigators using clonogenic survival of human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:957-66. [PMID: 23933481 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the use of colony formation (colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage [CFU-GM], burst-forming unit erythroid [BFU-E], and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-erythroid-megakaryocyte-monocytes [CFU-GEMM]) by human umbilical cord blood (CB) hematopoietic progenitor cells for testing novel small molecule ionizing irradiation protectors and mitigators. The following compounds were added before (protection) or after (mitigation) ionizing irradiation: GS-nitroxides (JP4-039 and XJB-5-131), the bifunctional sulfoxide MMS-350, the phosphoinositol-3-kinase inhibitor LY29400, triphenylphosphonium-imidazole fatty acid, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (MCF-201-89), the p53/mdm2/mdm4 inhibitor (BEB55), methoxamine, isoproterenol, propranolol, and the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel blocker (glyburide). The drugs XJB-5-131, JP4-039, and MMS-350 were radiation protectors for CFU-GM. JP4-039 was also a radiation protector for CFU-GEMM. The drugs XJB-5-131, JP4-039, and MMS-350 were radiation mitigators for BFU-E, MMS-350 and JP4-039 were mitigators for CFU-GM, and MMS350 was a mitigator for CFU-GEMM. In contrast, other drugs were effective in murine assays; TTP-IOA, LY294002, MCF201-89, BEB55, propranolol, isoproterenol, methoxamine, and glyburide but showed no significant protection or mitigation in human CB assays. These data support the testing of new candidate clinical radiation protectors and mitigators using human CB clonogenic assays early in the drug discovery process, thus reducing the need for animal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie P Goff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
Tyurina YY, Winnica DE, Kapralova VI, Kapralov AA, Tyurin VA, Kagan VE. LC/MS characterization of rotenone induced cardiolipin oxidation in human lymphocytes: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1410-22. [PMID: 23650208 PMCID: PMC3810210 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Rotenone is a toxicant believed to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Using human peripheral blood lymphocytes we demonstrated that exposure to rotenone resulted in disruption of electron transport accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species, development of apoptosis and elevation of peroxidase activity of mitochondria. Employing LC/MS-based lipidomics/oxidative lipidomics we characterized molecular species of cardiolipin (CL) and its oxidation/hydrolysis products formed early in apoptosis and associated with the rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION The major oxidized CL species - tetra-linoleoyl-CL - underwent oxidation to yield epoxy-C18:2 and dihydroxy-C18:2 derivatives predominantly localized in sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. In addition, accumulation of mono-lyso-CL species and oxygenated free C18:2 were detected in rotenone-treated lymphocytes. These oxidation/hydrolysis products may be useful for the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Daniel E. Winnica
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valentina I. Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexandr A. Kapralov
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Vladimir A. Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Shelat PB, Plant LD, Wang JC, Lee E, Marks JD. The membrane-active tri-block copolymer pluronic F-68 profoundly rescues rat hippocampal neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced death through early inhibition of apoptosis. J Neurosci 2013; 33:12287-99. [PMID: 23884935 PMCID: PMC3721839 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5731-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluronic F-68, an 80% hydrophilic member of the Pluronic family of polyethylene-polypropylene-polyethylene tri-block copolymers, protects non-neuronal cells from traumatic injuries and rescues hippocampal neurons from excitotoxic and oxidative insults. F-68 interacts directly with lipid membranes and restores membrane function after direct membrane damage. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of Pluronic F-68 in rescuing rat hippocampal neurons from apoptosis after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD progressively decreased neuronal survival over 48 h in a severity-dependent manner, the majority of cell death occurring after 12 h after OGD. Administration of F-68 for 48 h after OGD rescued neurons from death in a dose-dependent manner. At its optimal concentration (30 μm), F-68 rescued all neurons that would have died after the first hour after OGD. This level of rescue persisted when F-68 administration was delayed 12 h after OGD. F-68 did not alter electrophysiological parameters controlling excitability, NMDA receptor-activated currents, or NMDA-induced increases in cytosolic calcium concentrations. However, F-68 treatment prevented phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and BAX translocation to mitochondria, indicating that F-68 alters apoptotic mechanisms early in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The profound neuronal rescue provided by F-68 after OGD and the high level of efficacy with delayed administration indicate that Pluronic copolymers may provide a novel, membrane-targeted approach to rescuing neurons after brain ischemia. The ability of membrane-active agents to block apoptosis suggests that membranes or their lipid components play prominent roles in injury-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phullara B. Shelat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Leigh D. Plant
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Janice C. Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Jeremy D. Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, Mills W, Singh P, Warren JD, Seshan SV, Pardee JD, Szeto HH. The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1250-61. [PMID: 23813215 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012121216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia causes AKI as a result of ATP depletion, and rapid recovery of ATP on reperfusion is important to minimize tissue damage. ATP recovery is often delayed, however, because ischemia destroys the mitochondrial cristae membranes required for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. The mitochondria-targeted compound SS-31 accelerates ATP recovery after ischemia and reduces AKI, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we used a polarity-sensitive fluorescent analog of SS-31 to demonstrate that SS-31 binds with high affinity to cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane that is required for cristae formation. In addition, the SS-31/cardiolipin complex inhibited cytochrome c peroxidase activity, which catalyzes cardiolipin peroxidation and results in mitochondrial damage during ischemia, by protecting its heme iron. Pretreatment of rats with SS-31 protected cristae membranes during renal ischemia and prevented mitochondrial swelling. Prompt recovery of ATP on reperfusion led to rapid repair of ATP-dependent processes, such as restoration of the actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Rapid recovery of ATP also inhibited apoptosis, protected tubular barrier function, and mitigated renal dysfunction. In conclusion, SS-31, which is currently in clinical trials for ischemia-reperfusion injury, protects mitochondrial cristae by interacting with cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Birk
- Departments of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
Nasto LA, Robinson AR, Ngo K, Clauson CL, Dong Q, St. Croix C, Sowa G, Pola E, Robbins PD, Kang J, Niedernhofer LJ, Wipf P, Vo NV. Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a causal role in aging-related intervertebral disc degeneration. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1150-7. [PMID: 23389888 PMCID: PMC3668354 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage is a well-established driver of aging. Evidence of oxidative stress exists in aged and degenerated discs, but it is unclear how it affects disc metabolism. In this study, we first determined whether oxidative stress negatively impacts disc matrix metabolism using disc organotypic and cell cultures. Mouse disc organotypic culture grown at atmospheric oxygen (20% O(2)) exhibited perturbed disc matrix homeostasis, including reduced proteoglycan synthesis and enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinases, compared to discs grown at low oxygen levels (5% O(2)). Human disc cells grown at 20% O(2) showed increased levels of mitochondrial-derived superoxide anions and perturbed matrix homeostasis. Treatment of disc cells with the mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger XJB-5-131 blunted the adverse effects caused by 20% O(2). Importantly, we demonstrated that treatment of accelerated aging Ercc1(-/Δ) mice, previously established to be a useful in vivo model to study age-related intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), also resulted in improved disc total glycosaminoglycan content and proteoglycan synthesis. This demonstrates that mitochondrial-derived ROS contributes to age-associated IDD in Ercc1(-/Δ) mice. Collectively, these data provide strong experimental evidence that mitochondrial-derived ROS play a causal role in driving changes linked to aging-related IDD and a potentially important role for radical scavengers in preventing IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi A. Nasto
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of Rome School of Medicine, “A. Gemelli” University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Andria R. Robinson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kevin Ngo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Clauson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Qing Dong
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Claudette St. Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Enrico Pola
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Catholic University of Rome School of Medicine, “A. Gemelli” University Hospital, l.go Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - James Kang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Smilowitz JT, Zivkovic AM, Wan YJY, Watkins SM, Nording ML, Hammock BD, German JB. Nutritional lipidomics: molecular metabolism, analytics, and diagnostics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1319-35. [PMID: 23818328 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The field of lipidomics is providing nutritional science a more comprehensive view of lipid intermediates. Lipidomics research takes advantage of the increase in accuracy and sensitivity of mass detection of MS with new bioinformatics toolsets to characterize the structures and abundances of complex lipids. Yet, translating lipidomics to practice via nutritional interventions is still in its infancy. No single instrumentation platform is able to solve the varying analytical challenges of the different molecular lipid species. Biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism remain incomplete and the tools to map lipid compositional data to pathways are still being assembled. Biology itself is dauntingly complex and simply separating biological structures remains a key challenge to lipidomics. Nonetheless, the strategy of combining tandem analytical methods to perform the sensitive, high-throughput, quantitative, and comprehensive analysis of lipid metabolites of very large numbers of molecules is poised to drive the field forward rapidly. Among the next steps for nutrition to understand the changes in structures, compositions, and function of lipid biomolecules in response to diet is to describe their distribution within discrete functional compartments lipoproteins. Additionally, lipidomics must tackle the task of assigning the functions of lipids as signaling molecules, nutrient sensors, and intermediates of metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
232
|
Kavala M, Boča R, Dlháň L, Brezová V, Breza M, Kožíšek J, Fronc M, Herich P, Švorc L, Szolcsányi P. Preparation and Spectroscopic, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Studies of Mono-/Biradical TEMPO Derivatives. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6558-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400845m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kavala
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Boča
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Dlháň
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Breza
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kožíšek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Fronc
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Herich
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Švorc
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Szolcsányi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, §Department of Physical Chemistry, and ∥Department of
Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského
9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Huryn DM, Resnick LO, Wipf P. Contributions of academic laboratories to the discovery and development of chemical biology tools. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7161-76. [PMID: 23672690 DOI: 10.1021/jm400132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The academic setting provides an environment that may foster success in the discovery of certain types of small molecule tools while proving less suitable in others. For example, small molecule probes for poorly understood systems, those that exploit a specific resident expertise, and those whose commercial return is not apparent are ideally suited to be pursued in a university setting. In this review, we highlight five projects that emanated from academic research groups and generated valuable tool compounds that have been used to interrogate biological phenomena: reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensors, GPR30 agonists and antagonists, selective CB2 agonists, Hsp70 modulators, and β-amyloid PET imaging agents. By taking advantage of the unique expertise resident in university settings and the ability to pursue novel projects that may have great scientific value but with limited or no immediate commercial value, probes from academic research groups continue to provide useful tools and generate a long-term resource for biomedical researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Huryn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Chemical Diversity Center (UP-CDC) , 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
234
|
Stavrovskaya IG, Bird SS, Marur VR, Sniatynski MJ, Baranov SV, Greenberg HK, Porter CL, Kristal BS. Dietary macronutrients modulate the fatty acyl composition of rat liver mitochondrial cardiolipins. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2623-35. [PMID: 23690505 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m036285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of dietary fats and carbohydrates on liver mitochondria were examined in male FBNF1 rats fed 20 different low-fat isocaloric diets. Animal growth rates and mitochondrial respiratory parameters were essentially unaffected, but mass spectrometry-based mitochondrial lipidomics profiling revealed increased levels of cardiolipins (CLs), a family of phospholipids essential for mitochondrial structure and function, in rats fed saturated or trans fat-based diets with a high glycemic index. These mitochondria showed elevated monolysocardiolipins (a CL precursor/product of CL degradation), elevated ratio of trans-phosphocholine (PC) (18:1/18:1) to cis-PC (18:1/18:1) (a marker of thiyl radical stress), and decreased ubiquinone Q9; the latter two of which imply a low-grade mitochondrial redox abnormality. Extended analysis demonstrated: i) dietary fats and, to a lesser extent, carbohydrates induce changes in the relative abundance of specific CL species; ii) fatty acid (FA) incorporation into mature CLs undergoes both positive (>400-fold) and negative (2.5-fold) regulation; and iii) dietary lipid abundance and incorporation of FAs into both the CL pool and specific mature tetra-acyl CLs are inversely related, suggesting previously unobserved compensatory regulation. This study reveals previously unobserved complexity/regulation of the central lipid in mitochondrial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Stavrovskaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
235
|
Kochanek PM, Berger RP, Fink EL, Au AK, Bayır H, Bell MJ, Dixon CE, Clark RSB. The potential for bio-mediators and biomarkers in pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurocritical care. Front Neurol 2013; 4:40. [PMID: 23637695 PMCID: PMC3636482 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers of brain injury in pediatric neurocritical care has been explored for at least 15 years. Two general lines of research on biomarkers in pediatric brain injury have been pursued: (1) studies of "bio-mediators" in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children after traumatic brain injury (TBI) to explore the components of the secondary injury cascades in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic targets and (2) studies of the release of structural proteins into the CSF, serum, or urine in order to diagnose, monitor, and/or prognosticate in patients with TBI or other pediatric neurocritical care conditions. Unique age-related differences in brain biology, disease processes, and clinical applications mandate the development and testing of brain injury bio-mediators and biomarkers specifically in pediatric neurocritical care applications. Finally, although much of the early work on biomarkers of brain injury in pediatrics has focused on TBI, new applications are emerging across a wide range of conditions specifically for pediatric neurocritical care including abusive head trauma, cardiopulmonary arrest, septic shock, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hydrocephalus, and cardiac surgery. The potential scope of the utility of biomarkers in pediatric neurocritical care is thus also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
236
|
Monaco CM, Mattiola VV, Folweiler KA, Tay JK, Yelleswarapu NK, Curatolo LM, Matter AM, Cheng JP, Kline AE. Environmental enrichment promotes robust functional and histological benefits in female rats after controlled cortical impact injury. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:410-8. [PMID: 23333563 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) consistently induces marked benefits in male rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but whether similar efficacy extends to females is not well established. Hence, the aim of this study was to reassess the effect of EE on functional and histological outcome in female rats after brain trauma. Twenty-four normal cycling adult female rats underwent verification of estrous stage prior to controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham injury and then were assigned to EE or standard (STD) housing. Motor function was assessed with beam-balance/beam-walk and rotarod tasks on post-operative days 1-5 and every other day from 1-19, respectively. Spatial learning/memory was evaluated in a Morris water maze on days 14-19. Morphologically intact hippocampal CA(1/3) cells and cortical lesion volume were quantified 3 weeks after injury. No differences were observed between the EE and STD sham groups in any endpoint measure and thus the data were pooled. In the TBI groups, EE improved beam-balance, beam-walk, rotarod, and spatial learning performance vs. STD (p's<0.05). EE also provided significant histological protection as confirmed by increased CA(1/3) cell survival and decreased cortical lesion size vs. STD. These data demonstrate that EE confers robust benefits in female rats after CCI injury, which parallels numerous studies in males and lends further credence for EE as a preclinical model of neurorehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Monaco
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
237
|
Samhan-Arias AK, Ji J, Demidova OM, Sparvero LJ, Feng W, Tyurin V, Tyurina YY, Epperly MW, Shvedova AA, Greenberger JS, Bayir H, Kagan VE, Amoscato AA. Oxidized phospholipids as biomarkers of tissue and cell damage with a focus on cardiolipin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1818:2413-23. [PMID: 22200675 PMCID: PMC3398793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipid species are important, biologically relevant, lipid signaling molecules that usually exist in low abundance in biological tissues. Along with their inherent stability issues, these oxidized lipids present themselves as a challenge in their detection and identification. Often times, oxidized lipid species can co-chromatograph with non-oxidized species making the detection of the former extremely difficult, even with the use of mass spectrometry. In this study, a normal-phase and reverse-phase two dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometric system was applied to separate oxidized phospholipids from their non-oxidized counterparts, allowing unambiguous detection in a total lipid extract. We have utilized bovine heart cardiolipin as well as commercially available tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin oxidized with cytochrome c (cyt c) and hydrogen peroxide as well as with lipoxygenase to test the separation power of the system. Our findings indicate that oxidized species of not only cardiolipin, but other phospholipid species, can be effectively separated from their non-oxidized counterparts in this two dimensional system. We utilized three types of biological tissues and oxidative insults, namely rotenone treatment of lymphocytes to induce mitochondrial damage and cell death, pulmonary inhalation exposure to single walled carbon nanotubes, as well as total body irradiation, in order to identify cardiolipin oxidation products, critical to the cell damage/cell death pathways in these tissues following cellular stress/injury. Our results indicate that selective cardiolipin (CL) oxidation is a result of a non-random free radical process. In addition, we assessed the ability of the system to identify CL oxidation products in the brain, a tissue known for its extreme complexity and diversity of CL species. The ability of the two dimensional HPLC-mass spectrometric system to detect and characterize oxidized lipid products will allow new studies to be formulated to probe the answers to biologically important questions with regard to oxidative lipidomics and cellular insult. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidized phospholipids - their properties and interactions with proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Olga M. Demidova
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Louis J. Sparvero
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Weihong Feng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Vladimir Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yulia Y. Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anna A. Shvedova
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Valerian E. Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Andrew A. Amoscato
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
|