201
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Martin TJ, Johnson RW. Multiple actions of parathyroid hormone-related protein in breast cancer bone metastasis. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 178:1923-1935. [PMID: 31087800 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequence similarity within the amino-terminal regions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) allows the two to share actions at a common site, the PTH1 receptor. A number of biological activities have been ascribed to actions of other domains within PTHrP. PTHrP production by late stage breast cancer has been shown to contribute to bone metastasis formation through promotion of osteoclast formation and bone resorption by action through PTH1 receptors. There is evidence also for a role for PTHrP early in breast cancer that is protective against tumour progression. No signalling pathway has been identified for this effect. PTHrP has also been identified as a factor promoting the emergence of breast cancer cells from dormancy in bone. In that case, PTHrP does not function through activation of PTH1 receptors, despite having very substantial effects on transcriptional activity of the breast cancer cells. This indicates actions of PTHrP that are non-canonical, that is, mediated through domains other than the amino-terminal. It is concluded that PTHrP has several distinct paracrine, autocrine, and intracrine actions in the course of breast cancer pathophysiology. Some are mediated through action at PTH1 receptors and others are controlled by other domains within PTHrP. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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202
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Ueshima E, Fujimori M, Kodama H, Felsen D, Chen J, Durack JC, Solomon SB, Coleman JA, Srimathveeravalli G. Macrophage-secreted TGF-β 1 contributes to fibroblast activation and ureteral stricture after ablation injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F52-F64. [PMID: 31017012 PMCID: PMC6692725 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00260.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic injury to the healthy ureter during ureteroscope-guided ablation of malignant or nonmalignant disease can result in ureteral stricture. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-mediated scar formation is considered to underlie ureteral stricture, but the cellular sources of this cytokine and the sequelae preceding iatrogenic stricture formation are unknown. Using a swine model of ureteral injury with irreversible electroporation (IRE), we evaluated the cellular sources of TGF-β1 and scar formation at the site of injury and examined in vitro whether the effects of TGF-β1 could be attenuated by pirfenidone. We observed that proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts were restricted to injured tissue and coincided with proliferation of macrophages. Collagen deposition and scarring of the ureter were associated with increased TGF-β1 expression in both fibroblasts and macrophages. Using in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that macrophages stimulated by cells that were killed with IRE, but not LPS, secreted TGF-β1, consistent with a wound healing phenotype. Furthermore, using 3T3 fibroblasts, we demonstrated that stimulation with paracrine TGF-β1 is necessary and sufficient to promote differentiation of fibroblasts and increase collagen secretion. In vitro, we also showed that treatment with pirfenidone, which modulates TGF-β1 activity, limits proliferation and TGF-β1 secretion in macrophages and scar formation-related activity by fibroblasts. In conclusion, we identified wound healing-related macrophages to be an important source of TGF-β1 in the injured ureter, which may be a paracrine source of TGF-β1 driving scar formation by fibroblasts, resulting in stricture formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Masashi Fujimori
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Hiroshi Kodama
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Diane Felsen
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy C Durack
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
| | - Govindarajan Srimathveeravalli
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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203
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Marzagalli M, Raimondi M, Fontana F, Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Cellular and molecular biology of cancer stem cells in melanoma: Possible therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:221-235. [PMID: 31265892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a tumor characterized by a very high level of heterogeneity, responsible for its malignant behavior and ability to escape from standard therapies. In this review we highlight the molecular and biological features of the subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), well known to be characterized by self-renewal properties, deeply involved in triggering the processes of tumor generation, metastasis, progression and drug resistance. From the molecular point of view, melanoma CSCs are identified and characterized by the expression of stemness markers, such as surface markers, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, embryonic stem cells and intracellular markers. These cells are endowed with different functional features. In particular, they play pivotal roles in the processes of tumor dissemination, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, mediated by specific intracellular signaling pathways; moreover, they are characterized by a unique metabolic reprogramming. As reported for other types of tumors, the CSCs subpopulation in melanoma is also characterized by a low immunogenic profile as well as by the ability to escape the immune system, through the expression of a negative modulation of T cell functions and the secretion of immunosuppressive factors. These biological features allow melanoma CSCs to escape standard treatments, thus being deeply involved in tumor relapse. Targeting the CSCs subpopulation is now considered an attractive treatment strategy; in particular, combination treatments, based on both CSCs-targeting and standard drugs, will likely increase the therapeutic options for melanoma patients. The characterization of CSCs in liquid biopsies from single patients will pave the way towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
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204
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Azie O, Greenberg ZF, Batich CD, Dobson JP. Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133190. [PMID: 31261853 PMCID: PMC6651417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of latent growth factors to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is potentially useful for magnetically triggered release of bioactive macromolecules. Thus, the goal of this work was to trigger the release of active Transforming Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β) via magnetic hyperthermia by binding SPIONs to the latent form of TGF-β, since heat has been shown to induce release of TGF-β from the latent complex. Commercially available SPIONS with high specific absorption rates (SAR) were hydrolyzed in 70% ethanol to create surface carboxylic acid conjugation sites for carbodiimide chemistry. Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis verified the conversion of maleic anhydride to maleic acid. 1-Ethyl-2-(3-dimethyulaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) were used to bind to the open conjugation sites of the SPION in order to graft latent TGF-β onto the particles. The resulting conjugated particles were imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the complexed particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the thermally triggered release of active TGF-β from the latent complex, demonstrating that conjugation did not interfere with release. Results showed that latent TGF-β was successfully conjugated to the iron oxide nanoparticles, and magnetically triggered release of active TGF-β was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiora Azie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Zachary F Greenberg
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Christopher D Batich
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jon P Dobson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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205
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Hartley J, Abken H. Chimeric antigen receptors designed to overcome transforming growth factor-β-mediated repression in the adoptive T-cell therapy of solid tumors. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1064. [PMID: 31236274 PMCID: PMC6589154 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells produced lasting remissions in the treatment of advanced, so far refractory B-cell malignancies; however, the elimination of solid tumors remains so far elusive. The low efficacy of CAR T cells is thought to be due to the immune-repressive milieu within the tumor lesion, predominantly mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that represses effector T-cell activities and drives differentiation towards regulatory T cells (Tregs). Seeking to boost antitumor immunity, TGF-β is currently targeted by different means in pre-clinical studies. While a recent clinical trial showed the utility of shielding CAR T cells from TGF-β repression, further strategies in counteracting TGF-β in the adoptive cell therapy warrant exploration. We here discuss the most recent advances in the field and draw future developments to make CAR T-cell therapy more potent in the treatment of solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hartley
- RCI Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology Chair Genetic Immunotherapy University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- RCI Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology Chair Genetic Immunotherapy University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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206
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Zhou Y, Richards AM, Wang P. MicroRNA-221 Is Cardioprotective and Anti-fibrotic in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:185-197. [PMID: 31261033 PMCID: PMC6606926 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reduced myocardial miR-221 expression is associated with severe cardiac fibrosis in heart failure patients. We aimed to demonstrate its mechanisms in cardioprotection and remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). Using in vitro hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) of H9c2 and rat cardiac fibroblast (cFB) models, we found that miR-221 protects H9c2 through combined anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects and cFB via anti-autophagic effects alone in H/R. It inhibits myofibroblast (myoFB) activation as indicated by lowering α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, gel contraction, and collagen synthesis (Sircol assay). In vivo, following left coronary artery ligation (MI), rats were treated with miR-221 mimics (intravenous [i.v.], 1 mg/kg). With treatment, miR-221 increased by ∼15-fold in infarct and peri-infarct zones at day 2 post-MI. At days 7 and 30 post-MI, miR-221 reduced infarct size, fibrosis, and α-SMA+ cells in both infarct and remote myocardium. Left ventricle (LV) function was preserved as indicated by ejection fraction, infarct thickness, LV developed pressure, ±dP/dt, and end diastolic pressure. We demonstrated the anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects were due to combined mechanisms of direct targeting on Bak1 and P53 and inhibition of phosphorylation at Ser46 and direct targeting on Ddit4, respectively. miR-221 enhances cardiomyocyte survival and protects cardiac function post-MI. It enhances cFB survival yet inhibits their activation, thus reducing adverse cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peipei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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207
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Gerardo-Ramírez M, Lazzarini-Lechuga R, Hernández-Rizo S, Jiménez-Salazar JE, Simoni-Nieves A, García-Ruiz C, Fernández-Checa JC, Marquardt JU, Coulouarn C, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Pérez-Aguilar B, Gomez-Quiroz LE. GDF11 exhibits tumor suppressive properties in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by restricting clonal expansion and invasion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1540-1554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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208
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Kalvakolanu DV. The “Yin-Yang” of cytokines in cancer. Cytokine 2019; 118:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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209
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Piechowski J. Plausibility of trophoblastic-like regulation of cancer tissue. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5033-5046. [PMID: 31213916 PMCID: PMC6549421 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thus far, a well-established logical pattern of malignancy does not exist. The current approach to cancer properties is primarily descriptive with usually, for each of them, extensive analyses of the underlying associated biomolecular mechanisms. However, this remains a catalog and it would be valuable to determine the organizational chart that could account for their implementation, hierarchical links and input into tumor regulation. Hypothesis: Striking phenotypic similarities exist between trophoblast (invasive and expanding early placenta) and cancer regarding cell functions, logistics of development, means of protection and capacity to hold sway over the host organism. The concept of cancer cell trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation appears to be a rational proposal in an attempt to explain this analogy and provide a consistent insight into how cancer cells are functioning. Should this concept be validated, it could pave the way to promising research and therapeutic perspectives given that the trophoblastic properties are vital for the tumor while they are permanently epigenetically turned off in normal cells. Specifically targeting expression of the trophoblastic master genes could thereby be envisaged to jeopardize the tumor and its metastases without, in principle, inducing adverse side effects in the healthy tissues. Conclusion: A wide set of functional features of cancer tissue regulation, including some apparently paradoxical facts, was reviewed. Cancer cell misuse of physiological trophoblastic functions can clearly account for them, which identifies trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation as a likely key component of malignancy and makes it a potential relevant anticancer target.
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210
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Hernandez AL, Young CD, Wang JH, Wang XJ. Lessons learned from SMAD4 loss in squamous cell carcinomas. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1648-1655. [PMID: 31140647 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SMAD4 is a potent tumor suppressor and a central mediator of the TGFß signaling pathway. SMAD4 genetic loss is frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Reports of SMAD4 expression in SCCs vary significantly possibly due to inter-tumor heterogeneity or technical reasons. SMAD4 loss is an initiation event for SCCs. In tumor epithelial cells, SMAD4 loss causes increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and "Brca-like" genomic instability associated with DNA repair defects. SMAD4 loss also plays a role in the expansion of cancer stem cells. Epithelial SMAD4 loss causes overexpression of TGFß that is released into the tumor microenvironment and contributes to SCC progression through proinflammatory and immune evasive mechanisms. SMAD4 loss, while not a direct therapeutic target, is associated with multiple targetable pathways that require further therapeutic studies. Altogether, SMAD4 loss is a potential biomarker in SCCs that should be further studied for its values in prognostic and therapeutic predictions. Such information will potentially guide future biomarker-driven clinical trial designs and improve SCC patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel L Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jing H Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
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211
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Bai H, Wang C, Qi Y, Xu J, Li N, Chen L, Jiang B, Zhu X, Zhang H, Li X, Yang Q, Ma J, Xu Y, Ben J, Chen Q. Major vault protein suppresses lung cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:454. [PMID: 31092229 PMCID: PMC6521381 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major vault protein (MVP) is the major component of vault, a eukaryotic organelle involved in multiple cellular processes, and is important in multiple cellular processes and diseases including the drug resistance in cancer chemotherapies. However, the role of MVP in lung cancer remains unclear. Methods We examined MVP expression in 120 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors and matched normal tissues by immunohistochemistry. Its relationship with NSCLC prognosis was determined by investigating the patient cohort and analyzing the data from a published dataset consisting with more than 1900 lung cancer patients. We further performed shRNA-introduced knockdown of MVP in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and examined its effects on the tumor formation in a xenograft mouse model and the tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction in vitro. Results We found that MVP was up-regulated significantly in tumor tissues compared with the matched tumor-adjacent normal tissues. The increased expression of MVP in lung adenocarcinoma was associated with a better prognosis. Knockdown of MVP in LLC cells promoted xenografted lung cancer formation in mice, which was accompanied with accelerated tumor cell proliferation and suppressed cell apoptosis in vitro. Knockdown of MVP stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and activation of JAK2 and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways in LLC cells. Administration of STAT3 inhibitor WP1066 could prevent MVP knockdown induced tumorigenesis. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that MVP may act as a lung tumor suppressor via inhibiting STAT3 pathway. MVP would be a potential target for novel therapies of lung adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5665-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Ben
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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212
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Martínez-Campos C, Torres-Poveda K, Camorlinga-Ponce M, Flores-Luna L, Maldonado-Bernal C, Madrid-Marina V, Torres J. Polymorphisms in IL-10 and TGF-β gene promoter are associated with lower risk to gastric cancer in a Mexican population. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:453. [PMID: 31092242 PMCID: PMC6518715 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is recognized as the main risk factor for gastric cancer (GC), the fifth most common neoplasia worldwide. H. pylori interacts with the immune system, disrupting the cytokine network and inducing chronic inflammation. This work aimed to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected cytokine gene promoters and GC. METHODS The study included 359 subjects, 125 GC patients, 109 intestinal metaplasia (IM) patients and 125 asymptomatic controls. DNA was extracted from white blood cells and nine SNPs in cytokine gene promoters were genotyped using predesigned 5'-endonulease assays. The association of the SNPs with IM and GC was evaluated using multinomial regression models. RESULTS Both genotypes, TC (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.27-0.98) and TT (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20-0.91) in the locus - 509 of the TGF-β promoter were significantly associated with GC. The TT genotype in the locus - 819 of the IL-10 promoter was also significantly associated with GC (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.17-0.81). No significant association was found with SNPs IL-4 -590 T/C (rs1800629), IL-6 -573G/C (rs1800796), IL-10 -592C/A (rs1800872), IL-10 -1082A/G (rs1800896), and, IFN-γ -1615C/T (rs2069705). CONCLUSIONS SNPs in TGFβ (- 509 C/T, rs1800469) and IL-10 (- 819 C/T, rs1800871) promoters were associated with a lower risk for GC in a Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Martínez-Campos
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirvis Torres-Poveda
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer. Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, CMN S-XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Flores-Luna
- Centro de investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, SS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vicente Madrid-Marina
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer. Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, CMN S-XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
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213
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Roane BM, Arend RC, Birrer MJ. Review: Targeting the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050668. [PMID: 31091744 PMCID: PMC6562901 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, there has been limited progress in optimizing treatment of ovarian cancer patients. The vast majority of patients experience recurrence within a few years despite a high response rate to upfront therapy. The minimal improvement in overall survival of ovarian cancer patients in recent decades has directed research towards identifying specific biomarkers that serve both as prognostic factors and targets for therapy. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) is a superfamily of proteins that have been well studied and implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, both in normal physiologic development and malignant cellular growth. Hypersignaling via the TGF-β pathway is associated with increased tumor dissemination through various processes including immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, and increased epithelial to mesenchymal transformation. This pathway has been studied in various malignancies, including ovarian cancer. As targeted therapy has become increasingly prominent in drug development and clinical research, biomarkers such as TGF-β are being studied to improve outcomes in the ovarian cancer patient population. This review article discusses the role of TGF-β in ovarian cancer progression, the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling, and the targeted therapies aimed at the TGF-β pathway that are currently being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Roane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology-Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Michael J Birrer
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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He G, Chen J, Huang D. miR-877-3p promotes TGF-β1-induced osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by targeting Smad7. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:312-319. [PMID: 31258667 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of various physiological and pathological processes and may serve key roles in the maintenance of bone homeostasis via effects on osteoblast differentiation. The aim of the present study was to define the role of miR-877-3p in osteoblast differentiation using MC3T3-E1 cells, an osteoblast precursor cell line. It was demonstrated using RT-qPCR analysis that miR-877-3p was gradually increased in MC3T3-E1 cells during the osteoblastic differentiation induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments revealed that the overexpression of miR-877-3p promoted the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas depletion of miR-877-3p inhibited this process in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and validation experiments demonstrated that Smad7, which acts as a negative regulator of osteogenesis, was a target of miR-877-3p. Furthermore, the overexpression of Smad7 partially reversed the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells induced by miR-877-3p. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the miR-877-3p/Smad7 axis is associated with the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and may indicate a potential therapeutic approach for osteogenesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guisong He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou City, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Second People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510220, P.R. China
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215
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Tuncer E, Calçada RR, Zingg D, Varum S, Cheng P, Freiberger SN, Deng CX, Kleiter I, Levesque MP, Dummer R, Sommer L. SMAD signaling promotes melanoma metastasis independently of phenotype switching. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2702-2716. [PMID: 31039140 DOI: 10.1172/jci94295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of metastatic melanoma is thought to require the dynamic shifting of neoplastic cells between proliferative and invasive phenotypes. Contrary to this conventional "phenotype switching" model, we now show that disease progression can involve malignant melanoma cells simultaneously displaying proliferative and invasive properties. Using a genetic mouse model of melanoma in combination with in vitro analyses of melanoma cell lines, we found that conditional deletion of the downstream signaling molecule Smad4, which abrogates all canonical TGF-β signaling, indeed inhibits both tumor growth and metastasis. Conditional deletion of the inhibitory signaling factor Smad7, however, generated cells that are both highly invasive and proliferative, indicating that invasiveness is compatible with a high proliferation rate. In fact, conditional Smad7 deletion led to sustained melanoma growth and at the same time promoted massive metastasis formation, a result consistent with data indicating that low SMAD7 levels in patient tumors are associated with a poor survival. Our findings reveal that modulation of SMAD7 levels can overcome the need for phenotype switching during tumor progression and may thus represent a novel therapeutic target in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylul Tuncer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel R Calçada
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Varum
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phil Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany and Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbH, Berg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Sommer
- Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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216
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Rossi M, Bucci G, Rizzotto D, Bordo D, Marzi MJ, Puppo M, Flinois A, Spadaro D, Citi S, Emionite L, Cilli M, Nicassio F, Inga A, Briata P, Gherzi R. LncRNA EPR controls epithelial proliferation by coordinating Cdkn1a transcription and mRNA decay response to TGF-β. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1969. [PMID: 31036808 PMCID: PMC6488594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as regulators of fundamental biological processes. Here we report on the characterization of an intergenic lncRNA expressed in epithelial tissues which we termed EPR (Epithelial cell Program Regulator). EPR is rapidly downregulated by TGF-β and its sustained expression largely reshapes the transcriptome, favors the acquisition of epithelial traits, and reduces cell proliferation in cultured mammary gland cells as well as in an animal model of orthotopic transplantation. EPR generates a small peptide that localizes at epithelial cell junctions but the RNA molecule per se accounts for the vast majority of EPR-induced gene expression changes. Mechanistically, EPR interacts with chromatin and regulates Cdkn1a gene expression by affecting both its transcription and mRNA decay through its association with SMAD3 and the mRNA decay-promoting factor KHSRP, respectively. We propose that EPR enables epithelial cells to control proliferation by modulating waves of gene expression in response to TGF-β. Several lncRNAs are regulated by TGF-β. Here the authors report that an intergenic lncRNA —EPR— is a component of the TGF-β signaling pathway and controls epithelial cell proliferation by altering transcription and mRNA decay of Cdkn1a. EPR overexpression restrains tumor growth of orthotopically transplanted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rossi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy.,DIMES Sezione Biochimica-Università di Genova, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bucci
- Center of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Rizzotto
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Center for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Domenico Bordo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo J Marzi
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy.,DIMES Sezione Biochimica-Università di Genova, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Arielle Flinois
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneve, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Domenica Spadaro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneve, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneve, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Cilli
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicassio
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Center for Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy.
| | - Paola Briata
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genova, Italy.
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217
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Liang Q, Tang C, Tang M, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Ge Z. TRIM47 is up-regulated in colorectal cancer, promoting ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:159. [PMID: 30979374 PMCID: PMC6461818 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Tripartite motif 47 (TRIM47), a member of the TRIM family proteins, plays a key role in many types of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that levels of TRIM47 mRNA and protein were increased significantly in colorectal tumors compared with nontumor tissues and the increased levels were associated with advanced tumor stage and poor outcome. Methods We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot to measure levels of TRIM47 mRNA and protein in human colorectal cancer and paired normal tissues. TRIM47 was knocked down and overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells, and the effects on cell proliferation, migration and growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice were assessed. The signaling pathways were examined by western blot and immunoprecipitation assays. Results TRIM47 promoted CRC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo as an oncogene. Mechanistically, TRIM47 interacted physically with SMAD4, increasing its ubiquitination and degradation. Loss of SMAD4 leaded to up-regulation of CCL15 expression and caused growth and invasion in human CRC cells through the CCL15-CCR1 signaling. Moreover, TRIM47 overexpression played a role in CRC chemoresistance in response to 5-FU therapy. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a functional role of the TRIM47-SMAD4-CCL15 axis in CRC progression and suggested a potential target for CRC therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1143-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Chaotao Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yunjie Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhizheng Ge
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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218
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Jahangiri Moez M, Bjeije H, Soltani BM. Hsa-miR-5195-3P induces downregulation of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 supporting its tumor suppressive activity in HCT116 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 109:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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219
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Salkın H, Gönen ZB, Ergen E, Bahar D, Çetin M. Effects of TGF- β1 Overexpression on Biological Characteristics of Human Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:170-182. [PMID: 30595006 PMCID: PMC6457704 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) gene therapy on the surface markers, multilineage differentiation, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage and senescence of human Dental Pulp-derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hDPSC). METHODS hDPSCs were isolated from human teeth, and were cultured with 20% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) in minimum essential media-alpha (α-MEM). TGF-β1 gene transfer into hDPSCs was performed by electroporation method after the plasmid was prepared. The transfection efficiency was achieved by using western blot and flow cytometry analyses and GFP transfection. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers, multilineage differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage and cellular senescence assays were performed by comparing the transfected and non-transfected cells. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism. RESULTS Strong expression of TGF-β1 in pCMV-TGF-β1-transfected hDPSCs was detected in flow cytometry analysis. TGF-β1 transfection efficiency was measured as 95%. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β1 protein levels increased at third and sixth days in pCMV-TGF-β1-transfected hDPSCs. The continuous TGF-β1 overexpression in hDPSCs did not influence the immunophenotype and surface marker expression of MSCs. Our results showed that TGF-β1 increased osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, but decreased adipogenic differentiation. Overexpression of TGF-β1 increased the proliferation rate and decreased total apoptosis in hDPSCs (p<0.05). The number of cells at S phase was higher with TGF-β1 transfection (p<0.05). Cellular senescence decreased in TGF-β1 transfected group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results reflect that TGF-β1 has major impact on MSC differentiation. TGF-β1 transfection has positive effect on proliferation, cell cycle, and prevents cellular senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Salkın
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School, Beykent University, Büyükçekmece/Istanbul,
Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Zeynep Burçin Gönen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Ergül Ergen
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Dilek Bahar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çetin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Erciyes University, Kayseri,
Turkey
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220
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Hu L, Pu Q, Zhang Y, Ma Q, Li G, Li X. Expansion and maintenance of primary corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells by inhibition of TGFβ receptor I-mediated signaling. Exp Eye Res 2019; 182:44-56. [PMID: 30914160 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling is one of the most important signaling pathways regulating cell behavior in ocular tissues. Its functions are mainly linked to tissue fibrosis and inflammatory responses in ophthalmology. In epithelial cells, however, the growth inhibitory activity of TGFβ was reported in both non-ocular and ocular tissues. Since TGFβ is a bifunctional regulator that either inhibits or stimulates cell proliferation according to the specific context, we examined the effect of inhibition of TGFβ receptor (TβR) I-mediated signaling on primary corneal epithelial cells (CECs) in serum- and feeder-free conditions. The mouse CECs were isolated from the eyeballs of 6-8 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice using dispase and trypsin separately, cultivated in defined Keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM) with supplements (the complete medium) without feeder layer. Cells were divided into three groups, those cultured in complete medium additionally supplemented with 10 μM SB-431542, a specific inhibitor of TβR-I, were SB-CECs; those cultured in complete medium additionally supplemented with 10 ng/ml SRI-011381, a TGF-beta signaling agonist, were SRI-CECs; those cultured in complete medium without SB-431542 or SRI-011381 were control CECs. The growth rate and morphology were analyzed by light microscopy. The identity and stemness of cells was investigated through marker staining of p63, inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), cytokeratin 12 (K12), cytokeratin 14 (K14), PAX6, pSmad3, alpha smooth muscle Actin (αSMA) and E-cadherin (E-cad); Real-time quantitative (RT-PCR) analysis of p63; Western blot analysis of ID1; as well as colony forming assay, sphere forming assay, healing wound in vitro assay and air-lifting interface assay. The results showed SB-CECs subcultured steadily, achieved sustained expansion, and expanded almost thrice faster than control CECs. Expanded SB-CECs exhibited smaller and more compact morphology, up-regulated p63 and ID1, as well as better performed colony-forming capacity, sphere-forming capacity, in vitro wound healing capacity, and the capacity to stratify and differentiate on air-lifting interface. Preliminary tests on human limbal epithelial cells (HLECs) showed the same results as mouse CECs. Interestingly, the ID1 expression pattern was almost identical to p63, the typical marker for corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cell (CESC/CEPC), in cultured CECs and normal corneal sections. Since ID1 has been proven to be regulated negatively by TGFβ signaling in epithelial cells and plays a role in blocking cell differentiation, its derepression by TβR-I inhibitor could be, at least in part, the underlying cause of CESC/CEPC expansion and the synchronously up-regulated expression of p63 in SB-CECs. In conclusion, inhibition of TβR-I-mediated signaling, CESCs/CEPCs achieved efficient long-term expansion in a feeder- and serum-free condition in vitro. And derepression of ID1 could be the underlying cause. Meanwhile, ID1 could serve as a marker for CESC/CEPC. These results may advance the basic and clinical CESC/CEPC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Pu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoli Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guigang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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221
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao D, Liu B, Wang B, Yu W, Li J, Yu X, Cao F, Zheng G, Zhang Y, Liu Y. TGF‑β1 promotes the osteoinduction of human osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3505-3518. [PMID: 30896852 PMCID: PMC6471541 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) has been suggested to be a candidate cytokine in the field of bone tissue engineering. Cytokines serve important roles in tissue engineering, particularly in the repair of bone damage; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of TGF-β1 on the osteogenesis and motility of hFOB1.19 human osteoblasts were demonstrated via the phenotype and gene expression of cells. Additionally, the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/S6 kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1) signalling pathway in the effects of TGF-β1 on osteoblasts was investigated. It was demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays that the proliferation of human osteoblasts was promoted by 1 ng/ml TGF-β1. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red staining, scratch-wound and Transwell assays were conducted. It was revealed that osteogenesis and the migration of cells were regulated by TGF-β1 via the upregulation of osteogenic and migration-associated genes. Alterations in the expression of osteogenesis- and migration-associated genes were evaluated following pre-treatment with a PI3K/AKT inhibitor (LY294002) and an mTOR/S6K1 inhibitor (rapamycin), with or without TGF-β1. The results indicated that TGF-β1 affected the osteogenesis and mineralisation of osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Furthermore, TGF-β1 exhibited effects on mTOR/S6K1 downstream of PI3K/AKT. The present study demonstrated that TGF-β1 promoted the proliferation, differentiation and migration of human hFOB1.19 osteoblasts, and revealed that TGF-β1 affected the biological activity of osteoblasts via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 signalling pathway. Our findings may provide novel insight to aid the development of bone tissue engineering methods for the treatment of bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Weiting Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China
| | - Guoshuang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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Ávila-Ibarra LR, Mora-García MDL, García-Rocha R, Hernández-Montes J, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos JJ, Lizano Soberon M, García-López P, López CAD, Torres-Pineda DB, Chacón-Salinas R, Vallejo-Castillo L, Pérez-Tapia SM, Monroy-García A. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Normal Cervix and Cervical Cancer Tumors Increase CD73 Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells Through TGF-β1 Production. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:477-488. [PMID: 30696359 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) participate together with tumor cells to suppress antitumor effector cells through the production of immunosuppressive factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Furthermore, TGF-β1 can induce 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) expression in various cell types; this functional activity is associated with the production of adenosine (Ado), which is an immunosuppressive nucleoside. In this study, we provide evidence that coculture of MSCs derived from cervical tumors (CeCa-MSC) with CeCa tumor cells increases CD73 expression in tumor cells and the capacity of these cells to generate Ado in a MSC ratio-dependent manner. Interestingly, the increase in CD73 in the CeCa cell membrane corresponded to an increase in the TGF-β1 expression level in the tumor cells and the TGF-β1 content in the supernatants of the CeCa/CeCa-MSC cocultures. The addition of anti-hTGF-β neutralizing antibodies strongly reversed CD73 expression in the tumor cells. This phenomenon was not exclusive to CeCa-MSCs; coculture of MSCs derived from the normal cervix with CeCa cells produced similar results. These results suggest that the interaction of MSCs with CeCa tumor cells in the TME may condition higher TGF-β1 production to maintain an immunosuppressive status not only through the activity of this cytokine per se but also through its ability to induce CD73 expression in tumor cells and generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment rich in Ado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Roberto Ávila-Ibarra
- 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.,3 Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Rosario García-Rocha
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Montes
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- 2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- 4 Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marcela Lizano Soberon
- 5 Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia García-López
- 6 Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Daniela Berenice Torres-Pineda
- 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,3 Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rommel Chacón-Salinas
- 7 Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,8 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Vallejo-Castillo
- 7 Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,9 Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- 7 Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.,8 Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Monroy-García
- 1 Laboratorio de Inmunología y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,2 Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, UIDCC-UMIEZ, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
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Moussa RS, Park KC, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Ironing out the role of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 in cancer: Novel iron chelating agents to target p21 expression and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:276-294. [PMID: 29572098 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) has become an important target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics with a number of Fe chelators entering human clinical trials for advanced and resistant cancer. An important aspect of the activity of these compounds is their multiple molecular targets, including those that play roles in arresting the cell cycle, such as the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. At present, the exact mechanism by which Fe chelators regulate p21 expression remains unclear. However, recent studies indicate the ability of chelators to up-regulate p21 at the mRNA level was dependent on the chelator and cell-type investigated. Analysis of the p21 promoter identified that the Sp1-3-binding site played a significant role in the activation of p21 transcription by Fe chelators. Furthermore, there was increased Sp1/ER-α and Sp1/c-Jun complex formation in melanoma cells, suggesting these complexes were involved in p21 promoter activation. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the regulation of p21 expression in response to Fe chelator treatment in neoplastic cells will further clarify how these agents achieve their anti-tumor activity. It will also enhance our understanding of the complex roles p21 may play in neoplastic cells and lead to the development of more effective and specific anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan S Moussa
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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224
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Comparative study on seasonal hair follicle cycling by analysis of the transcriptomes from cashmere and milk goats. Genomics 2019; 112:332-345. [PMID: 30779940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Guard hair and cashmere undercoat are developed from primary and secondary hair follicle, respectively. Little is known about the gene expression differences between primary and secondary hair follicle cycling. In this study, we obtained RNA-seq data from cashmere and milk goats grown at four different seasons. We studied the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the yearly hair follicle cycling, and between cashmere and milk goats. WNT, NOTCH, MAPK, BMP, TGFβ and Hedgehog signaling pathways were involved in hair follicle cycling in both cashmere and milk goat. However, Milk goat DEGs between different months were significantly more than cashmere goat DEGs, with the largest difference being identified in December. Some expression dynamics were confirmed by quantitative PCR and western blot, and immunohistochemistry. This study offers new information sources related to hair follicle cycling in milk and cashmere goats, which could be applicable to improve the wool production and quality.
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225
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Ikeda M, Morimoto M, Tajimi M, Inoue K, Benhadji KA, Lahn MMF, Sakai D. A phase 1b study of transforming growth factor-beta receptor I inhibitor galunisertib in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:118-126. [PMID: 29995286 PMCID: PMC6510840 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Galunisertib inhibits type I transforming growth factor-beta receptor serine/threonine kinase. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of galunisertib in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients and methods This open-label, dose-escalation, multicenter, nonrandomized phase 1b study consisted of two dose levels of galunisertib, 160 or 300 mg/day, in combination with sorafenib 800 mg/day. Galunisertib 80 mg or 150 mg was administered orally twice daily for 14 days followed by 14 days of rest plus sorafenib 400 mg administered orally twice daily for 28 days. The dose-limiting toxicity evaluation was 28 days after the first dose. Safety measures, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity were assessed. Results Fourteen patients, 7 at each galunisertib dose, were enrolled and treated. Three dose-limiting toxicities were reported for 2 patients. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were hypophosphatemia (14 patients [100%]), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (12 patients [85.7%]), and decreased platelet count (10 patients [71.4%]). The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were hypophosphatemia (10 patients [71.4%]) and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (7 patients [50.0%]). No grade 5 TEAEs were reported. The pharmacokinetic profile of galunisertib in combination with sorafenib was similar to that previously reported for galunisertib. Eleven patients had a best overall response of stable disease, and 1 patient achieved a partial response by hepatocellular carcinoma-specific modified RECIST. Conclusions These data are consistent with the known safety profile for galunisertib and sorafenib and confirm tolerability of the recommended dose of galunisertib (150 mg twice daily for 14 days) in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Ikeda
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken, 277-8577, Japan.
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226
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Hirata K, Takakura Y, Shibazaki M, Morii M, Honda T, Oshima M, Aoyama K, Iwama A, Nakayama Y, Takano H, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Forkhead box protein A1 confers resistance to transforming growth factor-β-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through inhibition of Smad3 nuclear translocation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2259-2270. [PMID: 30206966 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces apoptosis of normal epithelial cells, such as mammary epithelium. Although breast cancer progression associates with acquisition of resistance to TGF-β-induced apoptosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are largely unknown. Here, we show that forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), which is known as a pioneer transcription factor, suppresses TGF-β-induced apoptosis of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. FOXA1 is found to inhibit nuclear translocation of Smad3, a key transcription factor downstream of TGF-β signaling, through suppression of the binding of Smad3 to the nuclear import receptor importin7. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analyses show that knockdown of FOXA1 upregulates Smad3-mediated proapoptotic gene expression. These results demonstrate that FOXA1 as a potent survival factor that suppresses TGF-β-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Smad3 signaling in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Thus, we provide evidence for the first time that FOXA1 localizing to the cytoplasm negatively regulates Smad3-induced apoptosis in TGF-β-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Takakura
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misato Shibazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takano
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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227
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Huang S, Zou C, Tang Y, Wa Q, Peng X, Chen X, Yang C, Ren D, Huang Y, Liao Z, Huang S, Zou X, Pan J. miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p Suppress Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone by Repressing TGF-β Signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 16:91-104. [PMID: 30852380 PMCID: PMC6409413 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have reported that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) closely correlates with the bone metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). However, clinical significance and functional roles of both strands of a single miRNA in bone metastasis of PCa remain undefined. Here, we reported that miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p expression were simultaneously reduced in bone metastatic PCa tissues compared with non-bone metastatic PCa tissues. Downexpression of miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p strongly and positively correlated with advanced clinicopathological characteristics and shorter bone metastasis-free survival in PCa patients. Upregulating miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p inhibited invasion and migration abilities of PCa cells in vitro, as well as repressed bone metastasis in vivo. Our results further revealed that miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p attenuated bone metastasis of PCa via inhibiting transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling by simultaneously targeting several components of TGF-β signaling, including SMAD2, SMAD4, TGF-β receptor I (TGFBRI), and TGFBRII. Moreover, deletion contributes to miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p downexpression in PCa tissues. Finally, clinical negative correlations of miR-582-3p and miR-582-5p with SMAD2, SMAD4, TGFBRI, and TGFBRII were demonstrated in PCa tissues. Thus, our findings explore a novel tumor-suppressive miRNA with its both strands implicated in bone metastasis of PCa, suggesting its potential therapeutic value in treatment of PCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260 Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China; Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Changye Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China; Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingde Wa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, 563003 Zunyi, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China; Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dong Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China; Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 510080 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuangwen Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China; Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jincheng Pan
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510080 Guangzhou, China.
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228
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Pirfenidone, an Anti-Fibrotic Drug, Suppresses the Growth of Human Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing G₁ Cell Cycle Arrest. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8010044. [PMID: 30621175 PMCID: PMC6351920 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD) is an anti-fibrotic drug used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest in fibroblasts. We hypothesize that PFD can induce G1 cell cycle arrest in different types of cells, including cancer cells. To investigate the effects of PFD treatment on the growth of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells, we used an androgen-sensitive human PCa cell line (LNCaP) and its sublines (androgen-low-sensitive E9 and F10 cells and androgen-insensitive AIDL cells), as well as an androgen-insensitive human PCa cell line (PC-3). PFD treatment suppressed the growth of all PCa cells. Transforming growth factor β1 secretion was significantly increased in PFD-treated PCa cells. In both LNCaP and PC-3 cells, PFD treatment increased the population of cells in the G0/G1 phase, which was accompanied by a decrease in the S/G2 cell population. CDK2 protein expression was clearly decreased in PFD-treated LNCaP and PC-3 cells, whereas p21 protein expression was increased in only PFD-treated LNCaP cells. In conclusion, PFD may serve as a novel therapeutic drug that induces G1 cell cycle arrest in human PCa cells independently of androgen sensitivity. Thus, in the tumor microenvironment, PFD might target not only fibroblasts, but also heterogeneous PCa cells of varying androgen-sensitivity levels.
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229
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Kingsbury TJ, Kim M, Civin CI. Regulation of cancer stem cell properties by SIX1, a member of the PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 141:1-42. [PMID: 30691681 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The PAX-SIX-EYA-DACH network (PSEDN) is a central developmental transcriptional regulatory network from Drosophila to humans. The PSEDN is comprised of four conserved protein families; including paired box (PAX), sine oculis (SIX), eyes absent (EYA), and dachshund (DACH). Aberrant expression of PSEDN members, particularly SIX1, has been observed in multiple human cancers, where SIX1 expression correlates with increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In conjunction with its transcriptional activator EYA, the SIX1 transcription factor increases cancer stem cell (CSC) numbers and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SIX1 promotes multiple hallmarks and enabling characteristics of cancer via regulation of cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, genome stability, and energy metabolism. SIX1 also influences the tumor microenvironment, enhancing recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages and stimulating angiogenesis, to promote tumor development and progression. EYA proteins are multifunctional, possessing a transcriptional activation domain and tyrosine phosphatase activity, that each contributes to cancer stem cell properties. DACH proteins function as tumor suppressors in solid cancers, opposing the actions of SIX-EYA and reducing CSC prevalence. Multiple mechanisms can lead to increased SIX1 expression, including loss of SIX1-targeting tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRs), whose expression correlates inversely with SIX1 expression in cancer patient samples. In this review, we discuss the major mechanisms by which SIX1 confers CSC and EMT features and other important cancer cell characteristics. The roles of EYA and DACH in CSCs and cancer progression are briefly highlighted. Finally, we summarize the clinical significance of SIX1 in cancer to emphasize the potential therapeutic benefits of effective strategies to disrupt PSEDN protein interactions and functions.
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230
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Hung LY, Sen D, Oniskey TK, Katzen J, Cohen NA, Vaughan AE, Nieves W, Urisman A, Beers MF, Krummel MF, Herbert DR. Macrophages promote epithelial proliferation following infectious and non-infectious lung injury through a Trefoil factor 2-dependent mechanism. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:64-76. [PMID: 30337651 PMCID: PMC6301101 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated efforts between macrophages and epithelia are considered essential for wound healing, but the macrophage-derived molecules responsible for repair are poorly defined. This work demonstrates that lung macrophages rely upon Trefoil factor 2 to promote epithelial proliferation following damage caused by sterile wounding, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or Bleomycin sulfate. Unexpectedly, the presence of T, B, or ILC populations was not essential for macrophage-driven repair. Instead, conditional deletion of TFF2 in myeloid-restricted CD11cCre TFF2 flox mice exacerbated lung pathology and reduced the proliferative expansion of CD45- EpCAM+ pro-SPC+ alveolar type 2 cells. TFF2 deficient macrophages had reduced expression of the Wnt genes Wnt4 and Wnt16 and reconstitution of hookworm-infected CD11cCre TFF2flox mice with rWnt4 and rWnt16 restored the proliferative defect in lung epithelia post-injury. These data reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism wherein lung myeloid phagocytes utilize a TFF2/Wnt axis as a mechanism that drives epithelial proliferation following lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yin Hung
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Debasish Sen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Taylor K. Oniskey
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jeremey Katzen
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noam A. Cohen
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Monell Chemical Senses Center, and Philadelphia VA Medical Center Surgical Service
| | - Andrew E. Vaughan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Wildaliz Nieves
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Anatoly Urisman
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,PENN Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - De’Broski R. Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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231
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Ahmadi A, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Transforming growth factor-β signaling: Tumorigenesis and targeting for cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:12173-12187. [PMID: 30537043 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multitasking cytokine such that its aberrant expression is related to cancer progression and metastasis. TGF-β is produced by a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), and it is responsible for regulation of the activity of cells within this milieu. TGF-β is a main inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), immune evasion, and metastasis during cancer progression. TGF-β exerts most of its functions by acting on TβRI and TβRII receptors in canonical (Smad-dependent) or noncanonical (Smad-independent) pathways. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor κβ are involved in the non-Smad TGF-β pathway. TGF-β acts by complex signaling, and deletion in one of the effectors in this pathway may influence the outcome in a diverse way by taking even an antitumor role. The stage and the type of tumor (contextual cues from cancer cells and/or the TME) and the concentration of TGF-β are other important factors determining the fate of cancer (progression or repression). There are a number of ways for targeting TGF-β signaling in cancer, among them the special focus is on TβRII suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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232
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Liu BY, He XY, Zhuo RX, Cheng SX. Reversal of tumor malignization and modulation of cell behaviors through genome editing mediated by a multi-functional nanovector. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21209-21218. [PMID: 30417194 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07321j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To effectively reverse tumor malignization by genome editing, a multi-functional self-assembled nanovector for the delivery of a genome editing plasmid specifically to tumor cells was developed. The nanovector core consisting of protamine and calcium carbonate entrapping the CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid is decorated by aptamer incorporated heparin. Owing to a high affinity between a MUC1 specific aptamer and mucin 1 (MUC1) overexpressed in tumor cells as well as the interaction between AS1411 and nucleolin on the tumor cell surface and cell nuclei, the nanovector can target the nuclei of tumorous cells for the knockout of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Notably, the genome editing mediated by our delivery systems can effectively modulate cell behaviors and thus reverse tumor malignization. Up-regulated p53, p16, p21, E-cadherin, CD80, MICA, MICB and Fas, together with down-regulated MMP-9, vimentin, VEGF, TGF-β, CD47 and CD133 in genome edited cells indicate that the genome editing system can inhibit cancerous cell growth, prevent tumor invasion and metastasis, reverse tumor-induced immune suppression, and inhibit cancer stemness. More importantly, the edited cells can maintain the modulated cellular function after succeeding subcultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Christodoulou I, Goulielmaki M, Devetzi M, Panagiotidis M, Koliakos G, Zoumpourlis V. Mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical cancer cytotherapy: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 30526687 PMCID: PMC6286545 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) comprise a heterogeneous population of rapidly proliferating cells that can be isolated from adult (e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue) as well as fetal (e.g., umbilical cord) tissues (termed bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AT)-, and umbilical cord (UC)-MSC, respectively) and are capable of differentiation into a wide range of non-hematopoietic cell types. An additional, unique attribute of MSC is their ability to home to tumor sites and to interact with the local supportive microenvironment which rapidly conceptualized into MSC-based experimental cancer cytotherapy at the turn of the century. Towards this purpose, both naïve (unmodified) and genetically modified MSC (GM-MSC; used as delivery vehicles for the controlled expression and release of antitumorigenic molecules) have been employed using well-established in vitro and in vivo cancer models, albeit with variable success. The first approach is hampered by contradictory findings regarding the effects of naïve MSC of different origins on tumor growth and metastasis, largely attributed to inherent biological heterogeneity of MSC as well as experimental discrepancies. In the second case, although the anti-cancer effect of GM-MSC is markedly improved over that of naïve cells, it is yet apparent that some protocols are more efficient against some types of cancer than others. Regardless, in order to maximize therapeutic consistency and efficacy, a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between MSC and the tumor microenvironment is required, as well as examination of the role of key experimental parameters in shaping the final cytotherapy outcome. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluation of the impact of experimental anti-cancer therapies based on MSC of human origin (with special focus on human BM-/AT-/UC-MSC). Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Devetzi
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece.
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234
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TGF-β downregulation-induced cancer cell death is finely regulated by the SAPK signaling cascade. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-19. [PMID: 30523245 PMCID: PMC6283885 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is increasingly recognized as a key driver in cancer. In progressive cancer tissues, TGF-β promotes tumor formation, and its increased expression often correlates with cancer malignancy. In this study, we utilized adenoviruses expressing short hairpin RNAs against TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 to investigate the role of TGF-β downregulation in cancer cell death. We found that the downregulation of TGF-β increased the phosphorylation of several SAPKs, such as p38 and JNK. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased by TGF-β downregulation, which triggered Akt inactivation and NOX4 increase-derived ROS in a cancer cell-type-specific manner. We also revealed the possibility of substantial gene fluctuation in response to TGF-β downregulation related to SAPKs. The expression levels of Trx and GSTM1, which encode inhibitory proteins that bind to ASK1, were reduced, likely a result of the altered translocation of Smad complex proteins rather than from ROS production. Instead, both ROS and ROS-mediated ER stress were responsible for the decrease in interactions between ASK1 and Trx or GSTM1. Through these pathways, ASK1 was activated and induced cytotoxic tumor cell death via p38/JNK activation and (or) induction of ER stress. Reducing the levels of the multifunctional protein transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in cancer cells prevents tumor growth in mice. Previous studies have shown that high levels of TGF-β in cancerous tissue are associated with accelerated disease progression. Hye Jin Choi and Jae J Song at Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea, and colleagues infected cancer cells with genetically modified viruses that reduced the expression of the gene encoding TGF-β. The resulting decrease in TGF-β protein led to cell death by stimulating the production of reactive oxygen species and signaling through the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) pathway. When tumor-bearing mice were infected with these modified viruses, their overall survival was improved. Further understanding the mechanisms through which TGF-β regulates cancer cell survival will contribute to the development of new approaches in cancer treatment.
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235
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Ji Q, Guo S, Wang X, Pang C, Zhan Y, Chen Y, An H. Recent advances in TMEM16A: Structure, function, and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7856-7873. [PMID: 30515811 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A (also known as anoctamin 1, ANO1) is the molecular basis of the calcium-activated chloride channels, with ten transmembrane segments. Recently, atomic structures of the transmembrane domains of mouse TMEM16A (mTMEM16A) were determined by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. This gives us a solid ground to discuss the electrophysiological properties and functions of TMEM16A. TMEM16A is reported to be dually regulated by Ca2+ and voltage. In addition, the dysfunction of TMEM16A has been found to be involved in many diseases including cystic fibrosis, various cancers, hypertension, and gastrointestinal motility disorders. TMEM16A is overexpressed in many cancers, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gastric cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), colon cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and esophageal cancer. Furthermore, overexpression of TMEM16A is related to the occurrence, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. To date, several studies have shown that many natural compounds and synthetic compounds have regulatory effects on TMEM16A. These small molecule compounds might be novel drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by TMEM16A dysfunction in the future. In addition, recent studies have shown that TMEM16A plays different roles in different diseases through different signal transduction pathways. This review discusses the topology, electrophysiological properties, modulators and functions of TMEM16A in mediates nociception, gastrointestinal dysfunction, hypertension, and cancer and focuses on multiple regulatory mechanisms regarding TMEM16A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunli Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong An
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Hebei Province, Institute of Biophysics, School of Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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236
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Xu W, Zeng F, Li S, Li G, Lai X, Wang QJ, Deng F. Crosstalk of protein kinase C ε with Smad2/3 promotes tumor cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4583-4598. [PMID: 30209539 PMCID: PMC11105635 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C ε (PKCε) has emerged as an oncogenic protein kinase and plays important roles in cancer cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. It is, however, still unknown whether PKCε affects cell proliferation via glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Here we report a novel function of PKCε that provides growth advantages for cancer cells by enhancing tumor cells glycolysis. We found that either PKCε or Smad2/3 promoted aerobic glycolysis, expression of the glycolytic genes encoding HIF-1α, HKII, PFKP and MCT4, and tumor cell proliferation, while overexpression of PKCε or Smad3 enhanced aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation in a protein kinase D- or TGF-β-independent manner in PC-3M and DU145 prostate cancer cells. The effects of PKCε silencing were reversed by ectopic expression of Smad3. PKCε or Smad3 ectopic expression-induced increase in cell growth was antagonized by inhibition of lactate transportation. Furthermore, interaction of endogenous PKCε with Smad2/3 was primarily responsible for phosphorylation of Ser213 in the Samd3 linker region, and resulted in Smad3 binding to the promoter of the glycolytic genes, thereby promoting cell proliferation. Forced expression of mutant Smad3 (S213A) attenuated PKCε-stimulated protein overexpression of the glycolytic genes. Thus, our results demonstrate a novel PKCε function that promotes cell growth in prostate cancer cells by increasing aerobic glycolysis through crosstalk between PKCε and Smad2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoju Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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237
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Chan MTH, Wong JYY, Leung AKT, Lu G, Poon WS, Lau AYL, Chan WY, Wong GKC. Plasma and CSF miRNA dysregulations in subarachnoid hemorrhage reveal clinical courses and underlying pathways. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 62:155-161. [PMID: 30482403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is fatal and detrimental to quality of life. Clinically, options for monitoring are often limited, potentially missing subtle neurological changes especially in low-grade patients. This article reviewed miRNA dysregulation in SAH and analyzed their functional and clinical relevance. METHODS With adherence to PRISMA guideline, PubMed, EMBASE, GEO and ArrayExpress were searched comprehensively for relevant clinical and animal models. Datasets were analyzed and enriched by experimentally validated targets and multiple databases using R v3.4.2, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and miRPath v3.0. RESULTS Among 1926 search results, 18 studies were screened for full-text assessment. The 8 included studies revealed a marked miRNA dysregulation after SAH. 2 datasets were retrieved. In both serum and CSF, different miRNA profiles were associated with Early Brain Injury, Delayed Cerebral Infarction, vasospasm and prognosis. In CSF, a dramatic restructure of inter-miRNA correlation matrix was observed. Enrichment analysis revealed strong association (1) BBB instability, with adherens, extra-cellular matrix, actin cytoskeleton, integrin, TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin etc; (2) autophagy, with MTORC1, HIF-1, ULK2, and FoxO etc; (3) apoptosis, with PI3K-Akt, p53, and AMPK. We analyzed common miRNAs across SAH and cerebral ischemia. They were related to neuronal differentiation, oxidation stress, apoptosis, angiogenesis, Alzheimer's disease, NMDA-induced calcium influx, excitotoxicity and NO production. CONCLUSIONS Clinical progression of SAH is associated with different miRNA fingerprints. They carry neuro-pathological relevance and can be a potential biomarker which compliments SAH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tai Hei Chan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, 4/F, Department of Surgery, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennie Yuet Yi Wong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, 4/F, Department of Surgery, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Ka Tsun Leung
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, 4/F, Department of Surgery, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, 4/F, Department of Surgery, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China; CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, 7/F, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, 4/F, Department of Surgery, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexander Yuk-Lun Lau
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 9/F Department, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, 7/F, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - George Kwok Chu Wong
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, 4/F, Department of Surgery, Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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238
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Rossi C, Zini R, Rontauroli S, Ruberti S, Prudente Z, Barbieri G, Bianchi E, Salati S, Genovese E, Bartalucci N, Guglielmelli P, Tagliafico E, Rosti V, Barosi G, Vannucchi AM, Manfredini R. Role of TGF-β1/miR-382-5p/SOD2 axis in the induction of oxidative stress in CD34+ cells from primary myelofibrosis. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:2102-2123. [PMID: 30259659 PMCID: PMC6275274 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in chronic inflammation and genomic instability. Besides the driver mutations in JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes, the deregulation of miRNA expression may also contribute to the pathogenesis of PMF. To this end, we recently reported the upregulation of miR-382-5p in PMF CD34+ cells. In order to unveil the mechanistic details of the role of miR-382-5p in pathogenesis of PMF, we performed gene expression profiling of CD34+ cells overexpressing miR-382-5p. Among the downregulated genes, we identified superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which is a predicted target of miR-382-5p. Subsequently, we confirmed miR-382-5p/SOD2 interaction by luciferase assay and we showed that miR-382-5p overexpression in CD34+ cells causes the decrease in SOD2 activity leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and oxidative DNA damage. In addition, our data indicate that inhibition of miR-382-5p in PMF CD34+ cells restores SOD2 function, induces ROS disposal, and reduces DNA oxidation. Since the pro-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a key player in PMF pathogenesis, we further investigated the effect of TGF-β1 on ROS and miR-382-5p levels. Our data showed that TGF-β1 treatment enhances miR-382-5p expression and reduces SOD2 activity leading to ROS accumulation. Finally, inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling in PMF CD34+ cells by galunisertib significantly reduced miR-382-5p expression and ROS accumulation and restored SOD2 activity. As a whole, this study reports that TGF-β1/miR-382-5p/SOD2 axis deregulation in PMF cells is linked to ROS overproduction that may contribute to enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. Our results suggest that galunisertib may represent an effective drug reducing abnormal oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1 in PMF patients. DATABASE LINKING: GEO: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE103464.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Roberta Zini
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Rontauroli
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Samantha Ruberti
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Zelia Prudente
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Greta Barbieri
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simona Salati
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Genovese
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bartalucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Guglielmelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Rossella Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
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239
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Chakravarthy A, Khan L, Bensler NP, Bose P, De Carvalho DD. TGF-β-associated extracellular matrix genes link cancer-associated fibroblasts to immune evasion and immunotherapy failure. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4692. [PMID: 30410077 PMCID: PMC6224529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key determinant of cancer progression and prognosis. Here we report findings from one of the largest pan-cancer analyses of ECM gene dysregulation in cancer. We define a distinct set of ECM genes upregulated in cancer (C-ECM) and linked to worse prognosis. We found that the C-ECM transcriptional programme dysregulation is correlated with the activation of TGF-β signalling in cancer-associated fibroblasts and is linked to immunosuppression in otherwise immunologically active tumours. Cancers that activate this programme carry distinct genomic profiles, such as BRAF, SMAD4 and TP53 mutations and MYC amplification. Finally, we show that this signature is a predictor of the failure of PD-1 blockade and outperforms previously-proposed biomarkers. Thus, our findings identify a distinct transcriptional pattern of ECM genes in operation across cancers that may be potentially targeted, pending preclinical validation, using TGF-β blockade to enhance responses to immune-checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Chakravarthy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada
| | - Lubaba Khan
- Ohlson Research Initiative, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan Peter Bensler
- Ohlson Research Initiative, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Ohlson Research Initiative, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada.
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1L7, ON, Canada.
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240
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Ayuso JM, Gillette A, Lugo-Cintrón K, Acevedo-Acevedo S, Gomez I, Morgan M, Heaster T, Wisinski KB, Palecek SP, Skala MC, Beebe DJ. Organotypic microfluidic breast cancer model reveals starvation-induced spatial-temporal metabolic adaptations. EBioMedicine 2018; 37:144-157. [PMID: 30482722 PMCID: PMC6284542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the earliest stage of breast cancer. During DCIS, tumor cells remain inside the mammary duct, growing under a microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, nutrient starvation, and waste product accumulation; this harsh microenvironment promotes genomic instability and eventually cell invasion. However, there is a lack of biomarkers to predict what patients will transition to a more invasive tumor or how DCIS cells manage to survive in this harsh microenvironment. METHODS In this work, we have developed a microfluidic model that recapitulates the DCIS microenvironment. In the microdevice, a DCIS model cell line was grown inside a luminal mammary duct model, embedded in a 3D hydrogel with mammary fibroblasts. Cell behavior was monitored by confocal microscopy and optical metabolic imaging. Additionally, metabolite profile was studied by NMR whereas gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. FINDINGS DCIS cell metabolism led to hypoxia and nutrient starvation; revealing an altered metabolism focused on glycolysis and other hypoxia-associated pathways. In response to this starvation and hypoxia, DCIS cells modified the expression of multiple genes, and a gradient of different metabolic phenotypes was observed across the mammary duct model. These genetic changes observed in the model were in good agreement with patient genomic profiles; identifying multiple compounds targeting the affected pathways. In this context, the hypoxia-activated prodrug tirapazamine selectively destroyed hypoxic DCIS cells. INTERPRETATION The results showed the capacity of the microfluidic model to mimic the DCIS structure, identifying multiple cellular adaptations to endure the hypoxia and nutrient starvation generated within the mammary duct. These findings may suggest new potential therapeutic directions to treat DCIS. In summary, given the lack of in vitro models to study DCIS, this microfluidic device holds great potential to find new DCIS predictors and therapies and translate them to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Ayuso
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Amani Gillette
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karina Lugo-Cintrón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ismael Gomez
- Allergy research group, IdISSC. San Carlos Clinic Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Materials department, Carlos III University. Leganes, Spain
| | - Molly Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tiffany Heaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kari B Wisinski
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean P Palecek
- The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, 330 N Orchard street, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; The University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, MAdison, WI,USA.
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241
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9853192. [PMID: 30498395 PMCID: PMC6222239 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9853192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-β can be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.
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Sun C, Sun Y, Zhang E. Long non-coding RNA SNHG20 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion by upregulating TGF-β1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4967-4974. [PMID: 30546404 PMCID: PMC6257038 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20) has been reported to serve roles in several types of malignancies, while its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains unknown. In the present study, tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues of patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, as well as blood samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and heathy controls were collected, and expression levels of SNHG20 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curve and survival curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of SNHG20 expression for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. Associations between serum expression levels of SNHG20 and clinical data of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were analyzed using χ2 test. A SNHG20 expression vector was constructed and transfected into nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assays. Expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was detected by western blotting. Results indicated that the expression level of SNHG20 increased in cancer tissues compared with healthy tissues of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Serum level of SNHG20 increased in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with healthy controls. Significant association was identified between serum levels of SNHG20 and distant tumor metastasis. Serum SNHG20 could serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Overexpression of SNHG20 promoted nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion, and promoted the expression of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 inhibitor reduced the effects of SNHG20 overexpression on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell migration and invasion, and exhibited no significant effect on SNHG20 expression. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that lncRNA SNHG20 could promote the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by upregulating TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibo Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Municipal Hospital of Wei Hai Affiliated to Qing Dao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Yuning Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Municipal Hospital of Wei Hai Affiliated to Qing Dao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Endong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Municipal Hospital of Wei Hai Affiliated to Qing Dao University, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
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243
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Drynda A, Drynda S, Kekow J, Lohmann CH, Bertrand J. Differential Effect of Cobalt and Chromium Ions as Well as CoCr Particles on the Expression of Osteogenic Markers and Osteoblast Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103034. [PMID: 30301134 PMCID: PMC6213485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of bone formation and resorption is the result of a regulated crosstalk between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Inflammation, mechanical load, and external stimuli modulate this system. Exposure of bone cells to metal ions or wear particles are thought to cause osteolysis via activation of osteoclasts and inhibition of osteoblast activity. Co2+ ions have been shown to impair osteoblast function and the expression of the three transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms. The current study was performed to analyze how Co2+ and Cr3+ influence the expression, proliferation, and migration profile of osteoblast-like cells. The influence of Co2+, Cr3+, and CoCr particles on gene expression was analyzed using an osteogenesis PCR Array. The expression of different members of the TGF-β signaling cascade were down-regulated by Co2+, as well as several TGF-β regulated collagens, however, Cr3+ had no effect. CoCr particles partially affected similar genes as the Co2+treatment. Total collagen production of Co2+ treated osteoblasts was reduced, which can be explained by the reduced expression levels of various collagens. While proliferation of MG63 cells appears unaffected by Co2+, the migration capacity was impaired. Our data may improve the knowledge of changes in gene expression patterns, and the proliferation and migration effects caused by artificial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Drynda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Drynda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Clinic for Rheumatology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jörn Kekow
- Clinic for Rheumatology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Hubertus Lohmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Straße 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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244
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Zheng X, Liu Q, Yi M, Qin S, Wu K. The regulation of cytokine signaling by retinal determination gene network pathway in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6479-6487. [PMID: 30323623 PMCID: PMC6177397 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor environment plays a pivotal role in determining cancer biology characteristics. Cytokine factors, as a critical component in tumor milieu, execute distinct functions in the process of tumorigenesis and progression via the autocrine or paracrine manner. The retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which mainly comprised DACH, SIX, and EYA family members, is required for the organ development in mammalian species. While the aberrant expression of RDGN is involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors via interacting with different cytokine-related signals, such as CXCL8, IL-6, TGF-β, FGF, and VEGF, in a cell- or tissue-dependent manner. Thus, joint detection of this pathway might be used as a potential biomarker for the stratification of target therapy and for the precision prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
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245
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Gu S, Feng XH. TGF-β signaling in cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:941-949. [PMID: 30165534 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signals from the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily mediate a broad spectrum of cellular processes and are deregulated in many diseases, including cancer. TGF-β signaling has dual roles in tumorigenesis. In the early phase of tumorigenesis, TGF-β has tumor suppressive functions, primarily through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, in the late stage of cancer, TGF-β acts as a driver of tumor progression and metastasis by increasing tumor cell invasiveness and migration and promoting chemo-resistance. Here, we briefly review the mechanisms and functions of TGF-β signaling during tumor progression and discuss the therapeutic potentials of targeting the TGF-β pathway in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Gu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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246
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Saleem J, Wang L, Chen C. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy via Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800525. [PMID: 30073803 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major health problems all over the world and conventional therapeutic approaches have failed to attain an effective cure. Tumor microenvironments (TME) present a unique challenge in tumor therapy due to their complex structures and multiple components, which also serve as the soil for tumor growth, development, invasion, and migration. The complex TME includes immune cells, fibrous collagen structures, and tortuous blood vessels, in which conventional therapeutic approaches are rendered useless. State-of-the-art nanotechnologies have potential to cope with the threats of malignant tumors. With unique physiochemical properties, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots, offer opportunities to resolve the hurdles, by targeting not only cancer cells but also the TME. This review summarizes the progress about CNM-based cancer therapy strategies, which mainly focuses on both the treatment for cancer cells and TME-targeted modulation. In the last, the challenges for TME-based therapy via CNMs are discussed, which will be important in guiding current basic research to clinical translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabran Saleem
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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247
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Xu C, Ai D, Shi D, Suo S, Chen X, Yan Y, Cao Y, Zhang R, Sun N, Chen W, McDermott J, Zhang S, Zeng Y, Han JDJ. Accurate Drug Repositioning through Non-tissue-Specific Core Signatures from Cancer Transcriptomes. Cell Rep 2018; 25:523-535.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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248
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Zhang F, Braun DR, Ananiev GE, Hoffmann FM, Tsai IW, Rajski SR, Bugni TS. Biemamides A-E, Inhibitors of the TGF-β Pathway That Block the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Org Lett 2018; 20:5529-5532. [PMID: 30160121 PMCID: PMC6207949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Screening of a marine natural products library for inhibitors of TGF-β revealed five pyrimidinedione derivatives, biemamides A-E (1-5). The structures were determined by 2D NMR and HRMS experiments; absolute configurations were established by advanced Marfey's analysis and ECD calculations. Biemamides A-E specifically inhibited in vitro TGF-β induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in NMuMG cells. Additionally, using Caenorhabditis elegans, selected biemmamides were found to influence in vivo developmental processes related to body size regulation in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Doug R. Braun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Gene E. Ananiev
- Small Molecule Screening Facility, UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - F. Michael Hoffmann
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and UW Carbone Cancer Center Drug Discovery Core, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, United States
| | - I-Wei Tsai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Scott R. Rajski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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249
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CGPS: A machine learning-based approach integrating multiple gene set analysis tools for better prioritization of biologically relevant pathways. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:489-504. [PMID: 30292791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene set enrichment (GSE) analyses play an important role in the interpretation of large-scale transcriptome datasets. Multiple GSE tools can be integrated into a single method as obtaining optimal results is challenging due to the plethora of GSE tools and their discrepant performances. Several existing ensemble methods lead to different scores in sorting pathways as integrated results; furthermore, it is difficult for users to choose a single ensemble score to obtain optimal final results. Here, we develop an ensemble method using a machine learning approach called Combined Gene set analysis incorporating Prioritization and Sensitivity (CGPS) that integrates the results provided by nine prominent GSE tools into a single ensemble score (R score) to sort pathways as integrated results. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, CGPS is the first GSE ensemble method built based on a priori knowledge of pathways and phenotypes. Compared with 10 widely used individual methods and five types of ensemble scores from two ensemble methods, we demonstrate that sorting pathways based on the R score can better prioritize relevant pathways, as established by an evaluation of 120 simulated datasets and 45 real datasets. Additionally, CGPS is applied to expression data involving the drug panobinostat, which is an anticancer treatment against multiple myeloma. The results identify cell processes associated with cancer, such as the p53 signaling pathway (hsa04115); by contrast, according to two ensemble methods (EnrichmentBrowser and EGSEA), this pathway has a rank higher than 20, which may cause users to miss the pathway in their analyses. We show that this method, which is based on a priori knowledge, can capture valuable biological information from numerous types of gene set collections, such as KEGG pathways, GO terms, Reactome, and BioCarta. CGPS is publicly available as a standalone source code at ftp://ftp.cbi.pku.edu.cn/pub/CGPS_download/cgps-1.0.0.tar.gz.
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250
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Pires HR, Boxem M. Mapping the Polarity Interactome. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3521-3544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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