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Zhang SY, Shi GX, Lu JZ, Liao HH, Li GD. A Cu(II)-containing coordination polymer for efficient removal of Hg(II) from water and treatment on viral myocarditis by reducing the inflammatory response in the cardiomyocytes. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1889527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ShI-Yin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Hong Liao
- Department of Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Dong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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202
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Zhang Y, Cai S, Ding X, Lu C, Wu R, Wu H, Shang Y, Pang M. MicroRNA-30a-5p silencing polarizes macrophages toward M2 phenotype to alleviate cardiac injury following viral myocarditis by targeting SOCS1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1348-H1360. [PMID: 33416455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a life-threatening disease characterized by severe cardiac inflammation generally caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Several microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are known to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of VMC. The study aimed to decipher the role of miR-30a-5p in the underlying mechanisms of VMC pathogenesis. We first quantified miR-30a-5p expression in a CVB3-induced mouse VMC model. The physiological characteristics of mouse cardiac tissues were then detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Picrosirius red staining. We established the correlation between miR-30a-5p and SOCS1, using dual-luciferase gene assay and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The expression of inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13), M1 polarization markers [TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)], M2 polarization markers (Arg-1, IL-10), and myocardial hypertrophy markers [atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)] was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. miR-30a-5p was found to be highly expressed in VMC mice. Silencing of miR-30a-5p improved the cardiac function index and reduced heart weight-to-body weight ratio, myocardial tissue pathological changes and fibrosis degree, serological indexes, as well as proinflammatory factor levels, while enhancing anti-inflammatory factor levels in VMC mice. Furthermore, silencing of miR-30a-5p inhibited M1 polarization of macrophages while promoting M2 polarization in vivo and in vitro. SOCS1 was a target gene of miR-30a-5p, and the aforementioned cardioprotective effects of miR-30a-5p silencing were reversed upon silencing of SOCS1. Overall, this study shows that silencing of miR-30a-5p may promote M2 polarization of macrophages and improve cardiac injury following VMC via SOCS1 upregulation, constituting a potential therapeutic target for VMC treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found in this study that microRNA (miR)-30a-5p inhibition might improve cardiac injury following viral myocarditis (VMC) by accelerating M2 polarization of macrophages via SOCS1 upregulation. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of miR-30a-5p inhibition may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruodan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Shang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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203
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Kiamanesh O, Toma M. The State of the Heart Biopsy: A Clinical Review. CJC Open 2021; 3:524-531. [PMID: 34027357 PMCID: PMC8129478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an invaluable and underused diagnostic tool for myocardial disease. The primary indications are surveillance of cardiac allograft rejection and the diagnosis of inflammatory and infiltrative cardiomyopathies. EMB is typically performed by sampling the right ventricular septum via the right internal jugular vein using fluoroscopic guidance. The diagnostic yield of EMB is improved by sampling both ventricles and with the use of guidance from imaging or electroanatomic mapping. The risk of major cardiac complications is operator dependent and < 1% in experienced centres. EMB is the gold standard and most common form of cardiac allograft rejection surveillance, whereas advanced cardiac imaging and donor-specific antibody quantification provide complementary information. Gene expression profiling is an alternative surveillance strategy to EMB for low-risk patients. EMB is recommended for myocarditis and can guide therapy for giant-cell myocarditis, necrotizing eosinophilic myocarditis, sarcoidosis, and immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis. There is growing interest in using EMB to guide therapy for viral myocarditis, although the uptake of this approach is limited to specialized centres. EMB has been replaced as a first-line test for infiltrative cardiomyopathy by nonbiopsy diagnostic techniques, but is still useful to clarify the diagnosis or disease subtype. The miniaturization of bioptomes and advances in laboratory techniques such as microarrays promises to improve the safety and yield of EMB. We review the contemporary use of EMB for cardiac allograft rejection, inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and infiltrative cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kiamanesh
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mustafa Toma
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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204
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Cau R, Bassareo PP, Mannelli L, Suri JS, Saba L. Imaging in COVID-19-related myocardial injury. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:1349-1360. [PMID: 33211242 PMCID: PMC7676417 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), previously named "2019 novel coronavirus" (2019-nCoV) is an emerging disease and a major public health issue. At the moment, little is known, except that its spread is on a steady upward trend. That is the reason why it was declared pandemic since March 11th, 2020. Respiratory symptoms dominate the clinical manifestations of the virus, but in a few patients also other organs are involved, such as their heart. This review article provides an overview of the existing literature regarding imaging of heart injury during COVID-19 acute infection and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cau
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato, 09045, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and Our Lady's Children's Hospital, University College of Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, ATHEROPOINT LLC, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s. 554 Monserrato, 09045, Cagliari, Italy.
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205
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Holm AE, Gomes LC, Marinho CRF, Silvestre OM, Vestergaard LS, Biering-Sørensen T, Brainin P. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Complications in Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1643-1650. [PMID: 33724926 PMCID: PMC8103436 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that malaria may affect the cardiovascular system. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in symptomatic malaria patients. We searched databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science (January 1950-April 2020) for studies reporting on cardiovascular complications in adults and children with malaria. Cardiovascular complications were defined as abnormalities in electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography on admission or during outpatient examination. Studies of patients with known heart disease or cardiovascular evaluation performed after the start of intravenous antimalarial medication were excluded. The study was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (No.: CRD42020167672). The literature search yielded 1,243 studies, and a total of 43 studies with symptomatic malaria patients were included. Clinical studies (n = 12 adults; n = 5 children) comprised 3,117 patients, of which a majority had Plasmodium falciparum (n = 15) and were diagnosed with severe malaria (n = 13). In random-effects models of adults, the pooled prevalence estimate for any cardiovascular complication was 7% (95% CI: 5-9). No meta-analysis was conducted in children, but the range of abnormal ECG was 0-8%, cardiac biomarkers 0-57%, and echocardiography 4-9%. We analyzed 33 cases (n = 10 postmortem), in which the most common cardiovascular pathologies were myocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. All histopathological studies found evidence of parasitized red blood cells in the myocardium. Cardiovascular complications are not uncommon in symptomatic adults and children with malaria. Additional studies investigating malaria and cardiovascular disease are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Engell Holm
- Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Laura C. Gomes
- Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lasse S. Vestergaard
- National Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tor Biering-Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Brainin
- Federal University of Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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206
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Marketou M, Kontaraki J, Patrianakos A, Kochiadakis G, Anastasiou I, Fragkiadakis K, Plevritaki A, Papadaki ST, Chlouverakis G, Parthenakis F. Peripheral Blood MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Myocardial Damage in Acute Viral Myocarditis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030420. [PMID: 33804042 PMCID: PMC8000267 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as important modulators of cardiovascular development and disease. Our aim was to determine whether cardiac-related miRs such as miR-21-5p and miR-1-3p were differentially expressed in acute viral myocarditis and whether any of them was related with the extent of myocardial damage and left ventricular dysfunction. Methods: We enrolled 40 patients with acute viral myocarditis. Blood samples were taken on admission and miRs expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were quantified by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: miR-21-5p, miR-1-3p were significantly elevated in acute myocarditis. miR-21-5p levels showed a strong correlation with global longitudinal strain (r = 0.71, p < 0.01), while miR-1-3p had significant correlations with troponin I (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The expression of miR-21-5p and miR-1-3p in peripheral blood is increased in acute viral myocarditis, and this increase is correlated with myocardial damage and indicative of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marketou
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Kontaraki
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Patrianakos
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
| | - George Kochiadakis
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Fragkiadakis
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Anthoula Plevritaki
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Sofia Thalia Papadaki
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Gregory Chlouverakis
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece;
| | - Fragiskos Parthenakis
- Cardiology Department, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.P.); (G.K.); (I.A.); (K.F.); (A.P.); (S.T.P.); (F.P.)
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207
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Zhu P, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G, Jin Y. Essential Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Enterovirus Infection: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062904. [PMID: 33809362 PMCID: PMC7999384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common RNA viruses that can cause various types of human diseases and conditions such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), myocarditis, meningitis, sepsis, and respiratory disorders. Although EV infections in most patients are generally mild and self-limiting, a small number of young children can develop serious complications such as encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis, and cardiorespiratory failure, resulting in fatalities. Established evidence has suggested that certain non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and progression of many human diseases. Recently, the involvement of ncRNAs in the course of EV infection has been reported. Herein, the authors focus on recent advances in the understanding of ncRNAs in EV infection from basic viral pathogenesis to clinical prospects, providing a reference basis and new ideas for disease prevention and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-67781453
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208
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Aghel N, Gustafson D, Di Meo A, Music M, Prassas I, Seidman MA, Hansen AR, Thavendiranathan P, Diamandis EP, Delgado D, Fish JE. Recurrent Myocarditis Induced by Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment Is Accompanied by Persistent Inflammatory Markers Despite Immunosuppressive Treatment. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00370. [PMID: 34337287 PMCID: PMC8238280 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Aghel
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Cardio-oncology Program, Juravinski Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dakota Gustafson
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Di Meo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milena Music
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Seidman
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diego Delgado
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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209
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to summarize the application of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with heart failure (HF). Recent Findings CMR is an important non-invasive imaging modality in the assessment of ventricular volumes and function and in the analysis of myocardial tissue characteristics. The information derived from CMR provides a comprehensive evaluation of HF. Its unique ability of tissue characterization not only helps to reveal the underlying etiologies of HF but also offers incremental prognostic information. Summary CMR is a useful non-invasive tool for the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in patients suffering from heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfen Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Victor A. Ferrari
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Yuchi Han
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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210
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Yan M, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhao H. Expression Levels of MicroRNA-146b and Anti-Cardiac Troponin I in Serum of Children with Viral Myocarditis and Their Clinical Significance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:510-519. [PMID: 34178798 PMCID: PMC8214613 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i3.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the expression levels of microRNA-146b (miR-146b) and cardiac troponin I (anti-cTnI) in serum of children with viral myocarditis and their clinical significance. Methods Forty-eight children with viral myocarditis (patient group) and 40 healthy physical examinees (healthy group), who were diagnosed in Jinan City People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China from Feb 2018 to May 2019, were enrolled as study subjects. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the level of miR-146b in serum of children. ELISA was used to detect the expression of anti-cTnI in serum of children. Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between the level of miR-146b and the level of anti-cTnI, and the factors affecting the prognosis. Results The levels of miR-146b and anti-cTnI in serum of children in patient group were statistically significantly higher than those of healthy group (P<0.01). The AUC of miR-146b was 0.741, (95% CI: 0.638-0.843), the specificity was 62.50%, the sensitivity was 82.50%, and the AUC of anti-cTnI was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.608-0.832), the specificity was 64.58% and the sensitivity was 92.50%. The level of miR-146b was positively correlated with the level of anti-cTnI (r=0.601, P<0.05). CK-MB, LVEF, miR-146b and anti-cTnI expression were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis. Conclusion The levels of miR-146b and anti-cTnI increased in serum of patients with viral myocarditis. They were related to the degree of myocardial injury, which indicated that miR-146b and anti-cTnI might be involved in the pathological process of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physical Examination, the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Suyun Wang
- Ward of Emergency, the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Ling Liu
- EEG Room, the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang 261041, China
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211
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Moslehi J, Lichtman AH, Sharpe AH, Galluzzi L, Kitsis RN. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis: manifestations and mechanisms. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145186. [PMID: 33645548 DOI: 10.1172/jci145186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of various cancers, including malignancies once considered untreatable. These agents, however, are associated with inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs. Myocarditis has emerged as a serious ICI-associated toxicity, because, while seemingly infrequent, it is often fulminant and lethal. The underlying basis of ICI-associated myocarditis is not completely understood. While the importance of T cells is clear, the inciting antigens, why they are recognized, and the mechanisms leading to cardiac cell injury remain poorly characterized. These issues underscore the need for basic and clinical studies to define pathogenesis, identify predictive biomarkers, improve diagnostic strategies, and develop effective treatments. An improved understanding of ICI-associated myocarditis will provide insights into the equilibrium between the immune and cardiovascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Division of Oncology, Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Andrew H Lichtman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology and Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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212
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Golpour A, Patriki D, Hanson PJ, McManus B, Heidecker B. Epidemiological Impact of Myocarditis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:603. [PMID: 33562759 PMCID: PMC7915005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle with a wide range of potential etiological factors and consequently varying clinical patterns across the world. In this review, we address the epidemiology of myocarditis. Myocarditis was considered a rare disease until intensified research efforts in recent decades revealed its true epidemiological importance. While it remains a challenge to determine the true prevalence of myocarditis, studies are underway to obtain better approximations of the proportions of this disease. Nowadays, the prevalence of myocarditis has been reported from 10.2 to 105.6 per 100,000 worldwide, and its annual occurrence is estimated at about 1.8 million cases. This wide range of reported cases reflects the uncertainty surrounding the true prevalence and a potential underdiagnosis of this disease. Since myocarditis continues to be a significant public health issue, particularly in young adults in whom myocarditis is among the most common causes of sudden cardiac death, improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are necessary. This manuscript aims to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of myocarditis, new diagnostic approaches and the current epidemiological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoosh Golpour
- Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Dimitri Patriki
- Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, 15005 Baden, Switzerland;
| | - Paul J. Hanson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5K0A1, Canada; (P.J.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruce McManus
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5K0A1, Canada; (P.J.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Bettina Heidecker
- Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
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213
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Lu J, Wu W. Cholinergic modulation of the immune system - A novel therapeutic target for myocardial inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107391. [PMID: 33548577 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune system and the nervous system depend on each other for their fine tuning and working, thus cooperating to maintain physiological homeostasis and prevent infections. The cholinergic system regulates the mobilization, differentiation, secretion, and antigen presentation of adaptive and innate immune cells mainly through α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs). The neuro-immune interactions are established and maintained by the following mechanisms: colocalization of immune and neuronal cells at defined anatomical sites, expression of the non-neuronal cholinergic system by immune cells, and the acetylcholine receptor-mediated activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Based on these immunological mechanisms, the protective effects of cholinergic system in animal models of diseases were summarized in this paper, such as myocardial infarction/ischemia-reperfusion, viral myocarditis, and endotoxin-induced myocardial damage. In addition to maintaining hemodynamic stability and improving the energy metabolism of the heart, both non-neuronal acetylcholine and neuronal acetylcholine in the heart can alleviate myocardial inflammation and remodeling to exert a significant cardioprotective effect. The new findings on the role of cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation in immune regulation are updated, so as to develop improved approaches to treat inflammatory heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
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214
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Xu L, Zheng Q, Zhu R, Yin Z, Yu H, Lin Y, Wu Y, He M, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Sun H, Zha Z, Yang H, Huang Q, Zhang D, Chen Z, Ye X, Han J, Yang L, Liu C, Que Y, Fang M, Gu Y, Zhang J, Luo W, Zhou ZH, Li S, Cheng T, Xia N. Cryo-EM structures reveal the molecular basis of receptor-initiated coxsackievirus uncoating. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:448-462.e5. [PMID: 33539764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterovirus uncoating receptors bind at the surface depression ("canyon") that encircles each capsid vertex causing the release of a host-derived lipid called "pocket factor" that is buried in a hydrophobic pocket formed by the major viral capsid protein, VP1. Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a universal uncoating receptor of group B coxsackieviruses (CVB). Here, we present five high-resolution cryoEM structures of CVB representing different stages of virus infection. Structural comparisons show that the CAR penetrates deeper into the canyon than other uncoating receptors, leading to a cascade of events: collapse of the VP1 hydrophobic pocket, high-efficiency release of the pocket factor and viral uncoating and genome release under neutral pH, as compared with low pH. Furthermore, we identified a potent therapeutic antibody that can neutralize viral infection by interfering with virion-CAR interactions, destabilizing the capsid and inducing virion disruption. Together, these results define the structural basis of CVB cell entry and antibody neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhichao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Maozhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yichao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenghui Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiongzi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Enterprise Community Partners, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinle Han
- Beijing Wantai Enterprise Community Partners, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lisheng Yang
- Beijing Wantai Enterprise Community Partners, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Che Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuqiong Que
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mujin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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215
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Li H, Zhu H, Yang Z, Tang D, Huang L, Xia L. Application of Multiparametric Quantitative Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Detection and Monitoring of Myocardial Injury in Patients with Fulminant Myocarditis. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:e35-e43. [PMID: 32199722 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate whether multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) could detect and monitor inflammatory myocardial alterations in fulminant myocarditis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients (35 ± 14 years, 37% male) with clinical diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis underwent CMR examinations at 3.0T in the acute phase and at 3-months follow up. The control group consisted of 19 healthy volunteers. The CMR protocol included cine, black blood T2-weighted imaging, T1 mapping, T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Cardiac parameters, such as edema ratio, LGE mass, native T1, T2 and extracellular volume were measured. RESULTS The left ventricular mass index (67 ± 15 versus 55 ± 12 g/m2, p < 0.05) and interventricular septum thickness (10.4 ± 1.5 versus 8.3 ± 1.8 mm, p < 0.001) in acute stage was significantly higher compared to controls, and normalized at the chronic stage. All quantitative inflammation metrics, including edema ratio, LGE mass, native T1, T2 and extracellular volume were significantly (all p < 0.001) decreased in the follow-up scan, but still higher compared to controls. Compared to the controls, all global strain indices including circumferential, longitudinal and radial strain values were significantly impaired in acute stage (all p < 0.001). Native T1 and T2 values led to excellent diagnostic accuracy for discriminating fulminant myocarditis from healed myocarditis, with AUC of 0.947 and 0.931. CONCLUSION Multiparametric CMR could detect and monitor inflammation myocardial injuries in patients with fulminant myocarditis. Native T1 and T2 values achieved excellent diagnostic performance in distinguishing acute from healed myocarditis.
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216
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Ohtani H, Nozaki Y, Murakami T, Lin L, Shiono J, Miyazawa M. An autopsy case of acute myocarditis with unique lymph node findings characterized by the proliferation of reactive plasmablasts. J Clin Exp Hematop 2021; 60:108-112. [PMID: 32981914 PMCID: PMC7596914 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an autopsy case of acute myocarditis, in which the mediastinal lymph nodes exhibited unique findings. A 15-year-old Japanese boy was diagnosed with the secondary onset of acute myocarditis. No viruses were identified. Autopsy confirmed acute lymphocytic myocarditis. Lymphadenopathy was observed, especially in pulmonary hilar/mediastinal areas. Microscopically, interfollicular areas were uniformly filled with medium-sized, round cells that resembled lymphocytes. They were immunohistochemically CD3- CD5- CD19+ CD20- CD79a- Pax-5- CD138+ MUM1+ LMP1- EBNA2- cytoplasmic IgG+ IgA- and IgM-. No monotypia was observed for kappa and lambda light chains, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction analyses of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region diversity demonstrated oligoclonal peaks, suggesting reactive change. IgG+ or VS38c+ cells frequently co-expressed Ki-67 (up to 80%). We considered these cells abundantly present in lymph nodes to be reactive plasmablasts because they were early plasma cells with proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Ohtani
- Department of Pathology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Mito Saisekai General Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nozaki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Lisheng Lin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Junko Shiono
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ibaraki Children's Hospital, Mito, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyazawa
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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217
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Su HF, Shaker S, Kuang Y, Zhang M, Ye M, Qiao X. Phytochemistry and cardiovascular protective effects of Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix). Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1999-2038. [PMID: 33464616 DOI: 10.1002/med.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huang-Qi (Astragali Radix) is an herbal tonic widely used in China and many other countries. It is derived from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and shows potent cardiovascular protective effects. In this article, we comprehensively reviewed 189 small molecules isolated from the two Astragalus species and discussed the interspecies chemical differences. Moreover, we summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of Huang-Qi and its major bioactive compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers 171 references published between February 1983 and March 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharpkate Shaker
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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218
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Li J, Xie Y, Li L, Li X, Shen L, Gong J, Zhang R. MicroRNA-30a Modulates Type I Interferon Responses to Facilitate Coxsackievirus B3 Replication Via Targeting Tripartite Motif Protein 25. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603437. [PMID: 33519812 PMCID: PMC7840606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is caused by a viral infection and characterized by the inflammation of the myocardium. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection is one of the most common among the infections caused by this virus. The host's early innate immune response to CVB3 infection particularly depends on the functions of type I interferons (IFNs). In this study, we report that a host microRNA, miR-30a, was upregulated by CVB3 to facilitate its replication. We demonstrated that miR-30a was a potent negative regulator of IFN-I signaling by targeting tripartite motif protein 25 (TRIM25). In addition, we found that TRIM25 overexpression significantly suppressed CVB3 replication, whereas TRIM25 knockdown increased viral titer and VP1 protein expression. MiR-30a inhibits the expression of TRIM25 and TRIM25-mediated retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I ubiquitination to suppress IFN-β activation and production, thereby resulting in the enhancement of CVB3 replication. These results indicate the proviral role of miR-30a in modulating CVB3 infection for the first time. This not only provides a new strategy followed by CVB3 in order to modulate IFN-I-mediated antiviral immune responses by engaging host miR-30a but also improves our understanding of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yewei Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Ghale-Noie ZN, Salmaninejad A, Bergquist R, Mollazadeh S, Hoseini B, Sahebkar A. Genetic Aspects and Immune Responses in Covid-19: Important Organ Involvement. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1327:3-22. [PMID: 34279825 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the world has experienced outbreaks of three major coronaviruses with high morbidity and mortality rates. The most recent of these started in the form of an unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and now the world is facing a serious pandemic. This new disease has been called COVID-19 and is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Understanding the specific genetic and phenotypic structure of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis is vital in finding appropriate drugs and vaccines. With this in mind, this review sheds light on the virology, genetics, immune-responses, and mechanism of action of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Robert Bergquist
- Formerly UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Benyamin Hoseini
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Health Information Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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220
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Qin L, Liu H, Wang J, Wang W, Zhang L. Crocetin Exerts a Cardio-protective Effect on Mice with Coxsackievirus B3-induced Acute Viral Myocarditis. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1115-1124. [PMID: 34349088 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has proven that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is broadly considered virus used in the experimental model of animals, which causes myocarditis in humans. To investigate whether there exists a cardio-protective effect of crocetin in an experimental murine model of acute viral myocarditis (AVM). Male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control, myocarditis treated with placebo and myocarditis treated with crocetin (n = 40 animals per group). Myocarditis was established by intraperitoneal injection with CVB3. Twenty-four hours after infection, crocetin was intraperitoneally administered for 14 consecutive days. Twenty mice were randomly selected from each group to monitor a 14-day survival rate. On day 7 and day 14, eight surviving mice from each group were sacrificed and their hearts and blood were obtained to perform serological and histological examinations. Expression of ROCKs, interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), RORγt, and Foxp3 was quantified by RT-PCR. Plasma levels of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. In addition, protein levels of IL-17 and ROCK2 in cardiac tissues were analyzed by Western blot. Crocetin treatment significantly increased survival, attenuated myocardial necrotic lesions, reduced CVB3 replication and expression of ROCK2 and IL-17 in the infected hearts. ROCK pathway inhibition was cardio-protective in viral myocarditis with increased survival, decreased viral replication, and inflammatory response. These findings suggest that crocetin is a potential therapeutic agent for patients with viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Shiyan Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy in the Department of Pediatrics, the First hospital of Jilin University
| | - Wei Wang
- Pediatrics of Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital
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221
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Li J, Tu J, Gao H, Tang L. MicroRNA-425-3p inhibits myocardial inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with viral myocarditis through targeting TGF-β1. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:288-298. [PMID: 33332750 PMCID: PMC7860592 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Emerging articles have profiled the relations between microRNAs and viral myocarditis. This research was unearthed to explore the capacity of miR‐425‐3p on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with viral myocarditis and its mechanism. Methods A total of 120 mice were classified into 4 groups in a random fashion (n = 30). The mice were intraperitoneally injected with coxsackievirus type B3 (CVB3) to induce myocarditis. On the 7th day after CVB3 infection, 10 mice in each group were euthanized to assess the heart function indices of mice, observe the pathological conditions, detect myocardial tissue apoptosis, and measure the inflammatory factor levels in myocardial tissues. Expression of miR‐425‐3p, transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1), and apoptosis‐associated proteins in myocardial tissues was determined. The remaining 20 mice in each group were used for survival observation. The luciferase activity assay was implemented to validate the relationship between miR‐425‐3p and TGF‐β1. miR‐425‐3p mimic was transfected into mouse cardiomyocytes HL‐1 and then infected with CVB3 to further verify the regulatory effect of miR‐425‐3p on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in viral myocarditis. Results miR‐425‐3p was lowly expressed in myocardial tissues of mice with viral myocarditis. Overexpressed miR‐425‐3p improved the cardiac function, alleviated pathological conditions, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased Bax and cleaved Caspase‐3 expression, elevated Bcl‐2 expression, decreased levels of inflammatory factors and improved survival rate of mice with viral myocarditis. Luciferase activity assay verified that miR‐425‐3p could bind to TGF‐β1, and overexpressed miR‐425‐3p suppressed TGF‐β1, p‐smad2/smad2 and p‐smad3/smad3 expression. In vitro experiments further verified that overexpression of miR‐425‐3p inhibited the apoptosis of CVB3‐HL‐1 cells, and the addition of TGF‐β1 would reverse this effect. Conclusion Our research indicates that miR‐425‐3p is poorly expressed in myocardial tissues of mice with viral myocarditis. Overexpressed miR‐425‐3p inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial inflammation in mice with viral myocarditis as well as improves their survival rates through suppressing the TGF‐β1/smad axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiehong Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Yu LJ, Bai DS, Tang WL, Bi FL, Liu SJ. Solvent-directed synthesis of two Cu(II)-based coordination polymers: structural diversity and protective effect on viral myocarditis by reducing inflammatory response in myocardial cells. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1745837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dong-Song Bai
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wen-Li Tang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fu-Long Bi
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Si-Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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223
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Sherren PB, Ostermann M, Agarwal S, Meadows CIS, Ioannou N, Camporota L. COVID-19-related organ dysfunction and management strategies on the intensive care unit: a narrative review. Br J Anaesth 2020; 125:912-925. [PMID: 32988604 PMCID: PMC7833857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a significant surge of critically ill patients and an unprecedented demand on intensive care services. The rapidly evolving understanding of pathogenesis, limited disease specific evidence, and demand-resource imbalances have posed significant challenges for intensive care clinicians. COVID-19 is a complex multisystem inflammatory vasculopathy with a significant mortality implication for those admitted to intensive care. Institutional strategic preparation and meticulous intensive care support are essential to maximising outcomes during the pandemic. The significant mortality variation observed between institutions and internationally, despite a single aetiology and uniform presentation, highlights the potential influence of management strategies on outcome. Given that optimal organ support and adjunctive therapies for COVID-19 have not yet been well defined by trial-based outcomes, strategies are predicated on existing literature and experiential learning. This review outlines the relevant pathophysiology and management strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19, and shares some of the collective learning accumulated in a high volume severe respiratory failure centre in London.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangita Agarwal
- Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Mokhtari T, Hassani F, Ghaffari N, Ebrahimi B, Yarahmadi A, Hassanzadeh G. COVID-19 and multiorgan failure: A narrative review on potential mechanisms. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:613-628. [PMID: 33011887 PMCID: PMC7533045 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in December 2019 form Wuhan, China leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the common cold symptoms are observed in mild cases, COVID-19 is accompanied by multiorgan failure in severe patients. The involvement of different organs in severe patients results in lengthening the hospitalization duration and increasing the mortality rate. In this review, we aimed to investigate the involvement of different organs in COVID-19 patients, particularly in severe cases. Also, we tried to define the potential underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV2 induced multiorgan failure. The multi-organ dysfunction is characterized by acute lung failure, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, and as well as a wide spectrum of hematological abnormalities and neurological disorders. The most important mechanisms are related to the direct and indirect pathogenic features of SARS-CoV2. Although the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a receptor of SARS-CoV2 in the lung, heart, kidney, testis, liver, lymphocytes, and nervous system was confirmed, there are controversial findings to about the observation of SARS-CoV2 RNA in these organs. Moreover, the organ failure may be induced by the cytokine storm, a result of increased levels of inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the organs. Therefore, further investigations are needed to detect the exact mechanisms of pathogenesis. Since the involvement of several organs in COVID-19 patients is important for clinicians, increasing their knowledge may help to improve the outcomes and decrease the rate of mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fatemeh Hassani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Ghaffari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Ebrahimi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Yarahmadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghomareza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
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225
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Shchendrygina A, Nagel E, Puntmann VO, Valbuena-Lopez S. COVID-19 myocarditis and prospective heart failure burden. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 19:5-14. [PMID: 33119418 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2021.1844005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 is causing considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Serious respiratory complications aside, the heart is also frequently involved. The mechanisms and the extent of the myocardial injury, along with the short and long-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in COVID-19 survivors remain unclear. Areas covered: myocardial injury has been found in a considerable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and is associated with a worse prognosis. The late onset of CV complications with myocarditis-like changes revealed by CMR has been reported in COVID-19 survivors. Previous observational studies on viral myocarditis provide evidence of a significant incomplete recovery with residual dysfunction and remodeling of left ventricle. Incomplete recovery is thought to be the result of persistent myocardial inflammation due to a post-viral autoimmune response. Considering the significant inflammatory nature of COVID-19, COVID-19 survivors may be at risk of developing persistent residual myocardial injury, the sequelae of which are unclear. Expert commentary: COVID-19 is an emerging threat for the heart. The extent of CV injury, along with the short and long-term sequelae, requires further investigation. The early detection of residual myocardial changes in COVID-19 survivors is of utmost importance in order to identify those patients at risk of CV complication development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shchendrygina
- Department of Hospital Therapy №1, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) , Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eike Nagel
- Institute for Experimental and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Valentina O Puntmann
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Internal Medicine III, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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226
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Yang H, Lu Y, Yang H, Yuan J. Clinical characteristics and treatment effects of astragalus injection in non-pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23062. [PMID: 33235067 PMCID: PMC7710263 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the clinical characteristics of non-pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis (AFM) and evaluate the treatment effects of astragalus injection on this disease.A total of 54 AFM patients were screened out from 586 patients with acute myocarditis, admitted to the department of cardiology between January 2011 to June 2018. The demographic and clinical data, investigations, treatments, and short-term outcomes were collected and retrospectively analyzed.The mean age of the 54 AFM patients was 34 ± 16.5 years old (range: 13-70 years), including 24 (44.5%) men and 30 (55.5%) women, with a high incidence in 2 age groups: 13-19 and 40-49 years old, despite an inverse trend to the increase of age. All these cases were admitted in emergency conditions: 26 (48.1%) cardiogenic shock, 18 (33.4%) malignant arrhythmias, 8 (14.8%) severe heart failure, and 2 (3.7%) acute pericardial tamponade. Apart from first-aid measures, 37 (68.5%) patients received astragalus injection. During hospitalization, 11 (20.4%) patients died, and 4 (36.3%) of them were from astragalus group while 7 (63.7%) of them from without-astragalus group (P=0.03). Furthermore, the levels of cardiac injury biomarkers, renal function and left ventricular ejection fraction of astragalus group were significantly improved compared with those of without-astragalus group at discharge (all P < .05).Middle-aged people were also prone to AFM. And cardiac shock was the most common, while acute pericardial tamponade was a rare presentation in non-pediatric AFM patients. Astragalus was a potential adjuvant medicine for the treatment of AFM.
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227
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Dai B, Wang F, Nie X, Du H, Zhao Y, Yin Z, Li H, Fan J, Wen Z, Wang DW, Chen C. The Cell Type-Specific Functions of miR-21 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:563166. [PMID: 33329700 PMCID: PMC7714932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the prime reasons for disability and death worldwide. Diseases and conditions, such as hypoxia, pressure overload, infection, and hyperglycemia, might initiate cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by inducing hypertrophy or apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and by promoting proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. In the vascular system, injuries decrease the endothelial nitric oxide levels and affect the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Understanding the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of a precise therapeutic approach. Various microRNAs are involved in mediating multiple pathological and physiological processes in the heart. A cardiac enriched microRNA, miR-21, which is essential for cardiac homeostasis, has been demonstrated to act as a cell–cell messenger with diverse functions. This review describes the cell type–specific functions of miR-21 in different cardiovascular diseases and its prospects in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Dai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengzhi Du
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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228
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Clinical and Preclinical Systematic Review of Astragalus Membranaceus for Viral Myocarditis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1560353. [PMID: 33204391 PMCID: PMC7652609 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1560353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which possesses a variety of biological activities in the cardiovascular systems. We conducted a clinical and preclinical systematic review of 28 randomized clinical control studies with 2522 participants and 16 animal studies with 634 animals to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and possible mechanisms of AM for viral myocarditis (VM). The search strategies were performed in 7 databases from inception to January 2020. Application of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool 7-item checklist, SYRCLE's tool 10-item checklist, and Rev-Man 5.3 software to analyze the risk of bias of studies and data. The results show the score of clinical study quality ranged from 3 to 7 points with an average of 3.32, and the score of animal study quality ranged from 2 to 5 points with an average of 3. In clinical study, AM significantly reduced serum myocardial enzymes and cardiac troponin I levels and improved the clinical treatment efficiency in VM patients compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (P > 0.05). Significant increase of the survival rate and decrease of the cardiac cardiology score, cardiac enzymes, and cardiac troponin I were compared with the placebo group in animal studies (P < 0.05). The possible mechanisms of AM are largely through antivirus and antivirus receptors, anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antiapoptotic, antifibrosis, and reducing cardiac calcium load. In conclusion, the findings suggested that AM is a cardioprotection candidate drug for VM.
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229
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Fang Y, Chang Z, Xu Z, Hu J, Zhou H, Yu S, Wan X. Osteoglycin silencing exerts inhibitory effects on myocardial fibrosis and epithelial/endothelial-mesenchymal transformation in a mouse model of myocarditis. Biofactors 2020; 46:1018-1030. [PMID: 33141515 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoglycin (Ogn), a class III SLRP member with multiple glycosylation sites, has been proposed to be engaged in cardiac dysfunction and adverse remodeling in human heart failure following myocardial infarction. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Thus, we sought to define the role of Ogn in regulation of the Wnt pathway on myocardial fibrosis and epithelial/endothelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT/EndMT) in mice with myocarditis. The pathological changes are observed, while hematoxylin-eosin staining and picric acid Sirius red staining were conducted in successfully constructed myocarditis mouse models. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were adopted to determine Ogn and β-catenin levels and serum procollagen propeptide concentrations in the mouse myocardial tissues, respectively. Expression of Ogn and Wnt signaling pathway-related factors were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay, cell viability by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis by flow cytometry. We saw indicative pathological changes accompanied by many Ogn and β-catenin positive cells and increased serum procollagen propeptide, in the mouse myocardial tissues. Loss function assays showed reduced levels of Ogn, β-catenin, LRP6, TGF-β1, Twist, FSP-1, α-SMA and higher levels of E-cadherin and VE-cadherin, together with decreased proliferation rate, as well as increased apoptosis rate, indicating that the Wnt signaling pathway, proliferation were inhibited while apoptosis was enhanced with upon gene silencing. Coherently, depletion of Ogn inhibits myocardial fibroblasts proliferation and EMT/EndMT while facilitating myocardial fibroblasts apoptosis in myocarditis through the Wnt signaling pathway, thus serving as an intervention target for the molecular treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhitang Chang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Songping Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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230
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Becker
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Heart and Circulation Research Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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231
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Pappritz K, Van Linthout S. Opioid-Induced Immunomodulation: Consequences for the Experimental Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis Model. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100335. [PMID: 33066118 PMCID: PMC7650777 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Myocarditis is an inflammatory disorder of the heart mainly caused by viruses. To investigate viral myocarditis, the Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis model is the experimental model used since more than sixty years. In the pathogeneses of viral myocarditis, the subtle balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses is of great importance for disease manifestation. Parallel to the infection of the heart, experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis results in an infection of the pancreas, causing a severe burden for the challenged animals. In frame of animal welfare, application of analgesics is mandatory. So far, positive as well as negative effects of opioids on the immune system have been described. However, the impact of opioid application on the pathogenesis of experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis has not been investigated yet. Since examinations on disease pathways and new treatment options rely on established models to generate reproducible data, applicability of opioids in experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis needs to be carefully evaluated. For this purpose, we summarized published studies for 13 different opioids and discussed their potential impact on the CVB3-induced myocarditis model. Abstract Myocarditis is an inflammatory disorder of the heart predominantly caused by infectious agents. Since more than sixty years, the Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis mouse model is the experimental model used to investigate viral myocarditis. The pathogenesis of viral myocarditis is conceptually a multiphase process, initiated by the infection of cardiomyocytes, followed by activation of the immune system, and resulting in myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular dysfunction. In parallel to the direct infection of the heart, CVB3 replicates in lymphatic organs such as the pancreas. Due to infection of the pancreas, the model of experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis is estimated as a severe burden for the challenged animals. Application of analgesics in frame of the animal welfare act (European directive 2010/63/EU) is more and more becoming a matter of debate. For this purpose, we summarized published studies for 13 different opioids and discussed their potential impact on CVB3-induced myocarditis. In addition, with this summary we also want to provide guidance for researchers beyond the myocarditis field to estimate the impact of opioids on the immune system for their specific model. In the literature, both immunosuppressive as well as immune-activating effects of opioids have been described, but examinations in experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis have still not been reported so far. Based on the existing publications, administration of opioids in experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis might result in more severe disease progression, including higher mortality, or a less pronounced myocarditis model, failing to be used for the establishment of new treatment options. Taken together, the applicability of opioids in experimental CVB3-induced myocarditis and in inflammatory models in general needs to be carefully evaluated and further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Pappritz
- Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-450539509
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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232
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Abstract
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy, characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium and a high risk of deteriorating cardiac function, has a heterogeneous aetiology. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is predominantly mediated by viral infection, but can also be induced by bacterial, protozoal or fungal infections as well as a wide variety of toxic substances and drugs and systemic immune-mediated diseases. Despite extensive research, inflammatory cardiomyopathy complicated by left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure or arrhythmia is associated with a poor prognosis. At present, the reason why some patients recover without residual myocardial injury whereas others develop dilated cardiomyopathy is unclear. The relative roles of the pathogen, host genomics and environmental factors in disease progression and healing are still under discussion, including which viruses are active inducers and which are only bystanders. As a consequence, treatment strategies are not well established. In this Review, we summarize and evaluate the available evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with a special focus on virus-induced and virus-associated myocarditis. Furthermore, we identify knowledge gaps, appraise the available experimental models and propose future directions for the field. The current knowledge and open questions regarding the cardiovascular effects associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are also discussed. This Review is the result of scientific cooperation of members of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC, the Heart Failure Society of America and the Japanese Heart Failure Society.
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233
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Nakamura Y, Shimizu M, Yamaki T, Kushimoto K, Yamashita A, Hayase K, Yamazaki M, Hashimoto S, Ohta B. Myocardial injury in a patient with severe coronavirus disease: A case report. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:364-368. [PMID: 33036894 PMCID: PMC7538152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can lead to severe disease or death and is characterized by a wide range of mild to severe symptoms. In addition to the lungs, studies have reported the involvement of the stomach, intestine, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the heart. CASE REPORT We present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who died soon after developing multi-organ failure and myocardial injury due to COVID-19-associated pneumonia. A 71-year-old man who contracted COVID-19 was admitted to the hospital after presenting with fever for 7 days and developed dyspnea. Following treatment, his respiratory status worsened. Thus, he was transferred to our hospital for intensive care on day 11. Physical examination revealed fever, dyspnea, respiratory distress, and no chest pain. Invasive positive pressure ventilation was initiated for acute respiratory distress syndrome on day 14. On day 15, we observed renal, liver, and coagulation dysfunction, indicating multi-organ failure. Chest radiography did not show clear signs of an increased cardiothoracic ratio or pulmonary congestion. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed signs of myocardial infarction, which was confirmed by elevated troponin I and creatine kinase levels. The patient's circulatory dynamics did not improve on medication, and he died on day 16. CONCLUSIONS We report the case of a patient with severe COVID-19 who died from an exacerbation of myocardial injury. Clinicians should not only evaluate respiration but also assess the heart by performing a 12-lead ECG, echocardiogram, and myocardial injury marker examination. Together, these tools can help predict which patients will develop severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Taeka Yamaki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Kushimoto
- Department of Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Ayahiro Yamashita
- Department of Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Hayase
- Department of Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Masaki Yamazaki
- Department of Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
| | - Bon Ohta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajiicho, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Japan.
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234
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Abstract
Myocarditis in the pediatric population can be a challenging diagnosis to make and often requires utilization of multiple diagnostic modalities. The cause is often due to a viral infection with activation of the innate and acquired immune response with either recovery or disease progression. Laboratory testing often includes inflammatory markers, cardiac troponin levels, and natriuretic peptides. Noninvasive testing should include electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and possibly an MRI. Treatment of myocarditis remains controversial with most providers using immune modulators with intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids.
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235
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Wang K, Jiang Z, Lu X, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Luo D, Lin Z, Zuo Y, Luo Q. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Senp2 contributes to CVB3 viral replication and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106941. [PMID: 33182061 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is characterized by cardiac inflammation and excessive inflammatory responses after viral infection. SENP2, a deSUMO-specific protease, has been reported to regulate antiviral innate immunity. This study aimed to investigate whether SENP2 affects CVB3-induced VMC. We generated a CVB3-induced VMC mouse model in 6-week-old cardiomyocyte-specific Senp2 knockout mice. The mice were sacrificed at days 0, 2, 4 and 6 after CVB3 infection. The survival rate, body weight, myocardial histopathological changes, viral load, cytokine levels and antiviral gene expression in cardiac tissues of both groups were investigated. Our study indicated that the expression of Senp2 in primary cardiomyocytes was upregulated by CVB3 infection. Moreover, deletion of Senp2 in the heart exacerbated CVB3 infection-induced myocarditis, facilitated CVB3 viral replication and downregulated the expression of antiviral proteins. In conclusion, our findings suggest a protective role for SENP2 in CVB3-induced VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zaixue Jiang
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zitian Lin
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, The Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medical, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Qingming Luo
- Department of Children's Genetics and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Dongguan Institute of Pediatrics, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong 510000, China.
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236
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Yang J, Zhang H, Wang X, Guo J, Wei L, Song Y, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Subramaniam M, Spelsberg TC, Wang L, Xu W, Li M. Kruppel-like factor 10 protects against acute viral myocarditis by negatively regulating cardiac MCP-1 expression. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:2236-2248. [PMID: 32895486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a cardiac disease associated with myocardial inflammation and injury induced by virus infection. Cardiomyocytes have recently been regarded as key players in eliciting and modulating inflammation within the myocardium. Kruppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) is a crucial regulator of various pathological processes and plays different roles in a variety of diseases. However, its role in VMC induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection remains unknown. In this study, we report that cardiac KLF10 confers enhanced protection against viral myocarditis. We found that KLF10 expression was downregulated upon CVB3 infection. KLF10 deficiency enhanced cardiac viral replication and aggravated VMC progress. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that KLF10 expression in nonhematopoietic cells was involved in the pathogenesis of VMC. We further identified MCP-1 as a novel target of KLF10 in cardiomyocytes, and KLF10 cooperated with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to negatively regulate MCP-1 expression by binding its promoter, leading to activation of MCP-1 transcription and recruitment of Ly6Chigh monocytes/macrophages into the myocardium. This novel mechanism of MCP-1 regulation by KLF10 might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of VMC and a potential therapeutic target for VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Yahui Song
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - YinXia Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Thomas C Spelsberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lie Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Building 703, 199 Ren-ai Road, 215123, Suzhou, China.
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237
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Kawada JI, Takeuchi S, Imai H, Okumura T, Horiba K, Suzuki T, Torii Y, Yasuda K, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Ito Y. Immune cell infiltration landscapes in pediatric acute myocarditis analyzed by CIBERSORT. J Cardiol 2020; 77:174-178. [PMID: 32891480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, which leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Previous studies have suggested that complex cross-talk between innate and adaptive immune responses is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis. Immunohistochemistry is the current standard method for the evaluation of infiltrating immune cells, however, it is difficult to investigate and quantify many immune cell populations using this technique. METHODS Endomyocardial biopsy samples of five pediatric patients with myocarditis were analyzed by cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcript (CIBERSORT), a computational method for quantifying cell fractions from tissue gene expression profiles. CIBERSORT results were then compared with immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Significant results of immune infiltrate deconvolution were obtained in four patients with fulminant myocarditis by CIBERSORT analysis. Among 22 immune cell types, 19 cell types were detected in one or more patients. Activated NK cells were the most prevalent population in two patients, whereas activated memory CD4+ T cells and M2 macrophages were the most prevalent population in one patient each. Overall CIBERSORT results were consistent with those of immunohistochemistry, although some discrepancies were observed. CONCLUSIONS Infiltrating immune cell subsets detected by CIBERSORT analysis can reflect the time course of innate and adaptive immune responses in acute myocarditis. CIBERSORT may have the potential to characterize the detail of infiltrating immune cells in myocardial tissues and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Suguru Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Pathology Division, Mie University Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Okumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Horiba
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Torii
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazushi Yasuda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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238
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Fan S, Hu K, Zhang D, Liu F. Interference of circRNA HIPK3 alleviates cardiac dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide-induced mice models and apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1147. [PMID: 33240996 PMCID: PMC7576089 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been deemed to be microRNA (miRNA) sponges that are involved in multiple biological processes. It has not yet been corroborated whether the regulation of circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3) can be used for the treatment of myocardial dysfunction. Methods In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects and apoptosis inhibition of circHIPK3 regulation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocarditis in vivo and vitro. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LPS with or without knockdown of circHIPK3. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to evaluate the expression of circHIPK3. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting were used to evaluate histopathology, proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response, respectively. Cardiac function and myocardial damage were also evaluated. Results It was proven that short hairpin RNA1 (shRNA1) was a superior interference of circHIPK3. The results revealed that knockdown of circHIPK3 effectively alleviated myocardial tissue damage, improved cardiac function, and suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the animal model of LPS-induced myocarditis. Furthermore, LPS-induced oxidative injuries and inflammation in the myocardium were also partly reversed after circHIPK3 knockdown. In vitro, being LPS-induced enhanced the levels of heart damage markers, simultaneously inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and stimulated oxidative stress and inflammation of H9C2 cells. Fortunately, the abnormalities mentioned were partly reversed following circHIPK3 knockdown. Conclusions In this study, we characterized the expression and regulation of circHIPK3 in LPS-induced myocarditis in the animal model and H9c2 cells. The results demonstrated that circHIPK3 expression is significantly upregulated when exposed to LPS in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of circHIPK3 effectively alleviated LPS-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyang Fan
- Central Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kailun Hu
- Central Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuyun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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239
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Daba TM, Zhao Y, Pan Z. Advancement of Mechanisms of Coxsackie Virus B3-Induced Myocarditis Pathogenesis and the Potential Therapeutic Targets. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1461-1473. [PMID: 31215390 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190618124722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is a cardiac disease caused by Group B Coxsackie virus of Enterovirus genus in the Picorna viridae family. It causes heart failure in children, young and adults. Ten Percent (10%) of acute heart failure and 12% of sudden deaths in young and adults who are less than 40 years is due to this viral myocarditis. If treatment action is not taken earlier, the viral disease can develop into chronic myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy which lead to congestive heart failure. And these eventually result in a reduced cardiac function which finally brings the victim to death. The only treatment option of the disease is heart transplantation once the acute stage of disease develops to chronic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Currently, there is a limitation in daily clinical treatments and even some available treatment options are ineffective. Therefore, focusing on search for treatment options through investigation is imperative. Recent studies have reported that biological molecules show a promising role. But their mechanism of pathogenesis is still unclear. A detailed study on identifying the role of biological molecules involved in Coxsackie B3 virus induced myocarditis and their mechanisms of pathogenesis; compiling and disseminating the findings of the investigation to the scientific communities contribute one step forward to the solution. Therefore, this review is aimed at compiling information from findings of current studies on the potential therapeutic role of micro RNA, cytokines and chemokines on the mechanism of pathogenesis of Coxsackie virus B3- induced myocarditis to give brief information for scholars to conduct a detailed study in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolessa Muleta Daba
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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240
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Imanaka-Yoshida K, Tawara I, Yoshida T. Tenascin-C in cardiac disease: a sophisticated controller of inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C781-C796. [PMID: 32845719 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00353.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein classified as a matricellular protein that is generally upregulated at high levels during physiological and pathological tissue remodeling and is involved in important biological signaling pathways. In the heart, TNC is transiently expressed at several important steps during embryonic development and is sparsely detected in normal adult heart but is re-expressed in a spatiotemporally restricted manner under pathological conditions associated with inflammation, such as myocardial infarction, hypertensive cardiac fibrosis, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and Kawasaki disease. Despite its characteristic and spatiotemporally restricted expression, TNC knockout mice develop a grossly normal phenotype. However, various disease models using TNC null mice combined with in vitro experiments have revealed many important functions for TNC and multiple molecular cascades that control cellular responses in inflammation, tissue repair, and even myocardial regeneration. TNC has context-dependent diverse functions and, thus, may exert both harmful and beneficial effects in damaged hearts. However, TNC appears to deteriorate adverse ventricular remodeling by proinflammatory and profibrotic effects in most cases. Its specific expression also makes TNC a feasible diagnostic biomarker and target for molecular imaging to assess inflammation in the heart. Several preclinical studies have shown the utility of TNC as a biomarker for assessing the prognosis of patients and selecting appropriate therapy, particularly for inflammatory heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Isao Tawara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu, Japan
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241
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Sinagra G, Porcari A, Gentile P, Artico J, Fabris E, Bussani R, Merlo M. Viral presence-guided immunomodulation in lymphocytic myocarditis: an update. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 23:211-216. [PMID: 32683758 PMCID: PMC7405140 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Latest statements from European and American societies recommend to rule out viral presence in endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis before starting immunosuppression or immunomodulation in acute lymphocytic myocarditis presenting with life‐threatening scenarios. However, recommendations in myocarditis are mostly based on heterogeneous studies enrolling patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies and established heart failure rather than acute myocarditis. Thus, definitive evidence of a survival benefit from immunomodulation guided by viral presence is currently lacking. Finally, distinguishing innocent bystanders from causative agents among EMB‐detected viruses remain challenging and a major goal to achieve in the near future. Therefore, considerable divergence remains between official recommendations and clinical practice, including the possibility of starting immunosuppressive therapy empirically, without knowing viral PCR results. This review systematically discusses the unsolved issues of immunomodulation guided by viral presence in acute lymphocytic myocarditis, namely (i) virus epidemiology and prognosis, (ii) variability of viral presence rates, (iii) the role of potential viral bystander findings, and (iv) the main results of immunosuppression controlled trials in lymphocytic myocarditis. Furthermore, a practical approach for the critical use of viral presence analysis in guiding immunomodulation is provided, highlighting its importance before starting immunosuppression or immunomodulation. Future, multicentre studies are needed to address specific scenarios such as fulminant lymphocytic myocarditis and a virus‐tailored management as for parvovirus B19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Sinagra
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Gentile
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jessica Artico
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Fabris
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiothoracic Department, Institute of Pathological Anatomy and Histology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Merlo
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata (ASUITS), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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242
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Murillo F, Ramos G, Del Pozo JL, Valdez LM, Zagaceta J. SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Associated Rhabdomyolysis and Probable Myocarditis. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020; 7:001867. [PMID: 32908841 DOI: 10.12890/2020_001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a patient with SARS-CoV-2 and severe pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation and developed associated rhabdomyolysis with probable myocardial involvement as evidenced by cardiac enzyme abnormalities and echocardiographic findings. Repeat testing should be done in cases highly suspicious for SARS-CoV-2 as initial molecular tests may be negative, as in our case. LEARNING POINTS SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with rhabdomyolysis and myocarditis.Negative results for SARS-CoV-2 despite a clinical presentation suggestive of COVID-19 disease should be treated with caution.Drugs known to cause rhabdomyolysis and myocarditis should be carefully reviewed when treating SARS-CoV-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis Manuel Valdez
- Clínica Anglo-Americana, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru.,Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Zagaceta
- Clínica Anglo-Americana, Lima, Peru.,Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de Piura, Lima, Peru
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243
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Bradford T. Letter Regarding "Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)". Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:360-362. [PMID: 32720537 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1797253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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244
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Lasrado N, Reddy J. An overview of the immune mechanisms of viral myocarditis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:1-14. [PMID: 32720461 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis has been identified as a major cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that can lead to heart failure. Historically, Coxsackieviruses and adenoviruses have been commonly suspected in myocarditis/DCM patients in North America and Europe. However, this notion is changing as other viruses such as Parvovirus B19 and human herpesvirus-6 are increasingly reported as causes of myocarditis in the United States, with the most recent example being the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, causing the Coronavirus Disease-19. The mouse model of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis, which may involve mediation of autoimmunity, is routinely used in the study of immune pathogenesis of viral infections as triggers of DCM. In this review, we discuss the immune mechanisms underlying the development of viral myocarditis with an emphasis on autoimmunity in the development of post-infectious myocarditis induced with CVB3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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245
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Cameli M, Pastore MC, Soliman Aboumarie H, Mandoli GE, D'Ascenzi F, Cameli P, Bigio E, Franchi F, Mondillo S, Valente S. Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients. Echocardiography 2020; 37:1278-1286. [PMID: 32654210 PMCID: PMC7404652 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak is a current global healthcare burden, leading to the life‐threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, evidence showed that, even if the prevalence of COVID‐19 damage consists in pulmonary lesions and symptoms, it could also affect other organs, such as heart, liver, and spleen. Particularly, some infected patients refer to the emergency department for cardiovascular symptoms, and around 10% of COVID‐19 victims had finally developed heart injury. Therefore, the use of echocardiography, according to the safety local protocols and ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, could be useful firstly to discriminate between primary cardiac disease or COVID‐19–related myocardial damage, and then for assessing and monitoring COVID‐19 cardiovascular complications: acute myocarditis and arrhythmias, acute heart failure, sepsis‐induced myocardial impairment, and right ventricular failure derived from treatment with high‐pressure mechanical ventilation. The present review aims to enlighten the applications of transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of myocardial damage in COVID‐19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Department of Clinical Medical and Neurosciences, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplantation Section, Le Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bigio
- Anesthesiology Unit, Alta Val D'Elsa Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Franchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Mondillo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Serafina Valente
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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246
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Zhang C, Xiong Y, Zeng L, Peng Z, Liu Z, Zhan H, Yang Z. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Viral Myocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:312. [PMID: 32754448 PMCID: PMC7343704 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a disease characterized as myocardial parenchyma or interstitium inflammation caused by virus infection, especially Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, which has no accurate non-invasive examination for diagnosis and specific drugs for treatment. The mechanism of CVB3-induced VMC may be related to direct myocardial damage of virus infection and extensive damage of abnormal immune response after infection. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA that is not translated into protein and plays a vital role in many biological processes. There is expanding evidence to reveal that ncRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of VMC, which may provide new treatment or diagnosis targets. In this review, we mainly demonstrate an overview of the potential role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CVB3-induced VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Zeng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Peng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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247
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Kim IC, Kim HA, Park JS, Nam CW. Updates of Cardiovascular Manifestations in COVID-19: Korean Experience to Broaden Worldwide Perspectives. Korean Circ J 2020; 50:543-554. [PMID: 32588565 PMCID: PMC7321759 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. Not just respiratory complications such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac manifestations have drawn attention due to the increased risk of mortality and morbidity related to SARS-CoV-2 infections. The mechanisms of the cardiac injury related to SARS-CoV-2 infections have been direct cardiac injury caused by angiotensin converting enzyme 2, hypoxemia, microvascular damage, and a systemic inflammatory response. Stress induced cardiomyopathy in a critically ill condition and acute coronary syndrome due to a vulnerable plaque rupture with coagulopathy can finally lead to acute heart failure with further cardiac manifestations. When dealing with the highly contagious viral disease-related cardiac manifestations, we should carefully apply the diagnostic and therapeutic methods to achieve the best therapeutic results without adding any risk of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Cheol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Wook Nam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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248
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De Luca G, Campochiaro C, Sartorelli S, Peretto G, Dagna L. Therapeutic strategies for virus-negative myocarditis: a comprehensive review. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 77:9-17. [PMID: 32402564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Virus-negative or autoimmune myocarditis(VNM) is an inflammatory disease affecting the myocardium that may occur as a distinct disease with exclusive cardiac involvement, or in the context of systemic autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. The pathogenesis of VNM involves both innate and acquired immunity and is not completely elucidated: an early immune-mediated pathogenic process lead to subacute and chronic stages and eventually results in tissue remodeling, fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmic burden, accounting for a dismal prognosis. Treatment interventions effectively curbing the acute inflammatory process at an early stage can prevent late cardiac remodeling and improve patient's outcome. The mainstay of treatment of VNM remains symptomatic therapy of heart failure and arrhythmia, while the use of immunosuppressive treatments has long been considered controversial until recently, and strategies effectively targeting the inflammatory and immune-mediated substrate of the disease remain elusive. Only steroids and azathioprine have been tested in clinical trials, and nowadays represent the therapy of choice. A substantial proportion of patients are resistant to first line strategies, suggesting that some critical inflammatory mechanisms are not responsive to conventional immunosuppression with steroids and azathioprine, or experience drug-related adverse events. Thus, second-line targeted therapeutic strategies to treat VNM are eagerly awaited. Recent data on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying myocardial inflammation are paving the way to novel, promising treatment strategies for myocarditis, which could reformulate future treatment strategies for VNM. In this review, we summarize the current therapeutic opportunities, beyond corticosteroids, to treat VNM, including conventional and biologic immunosuppressive drugs and cytokine blocking agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60-20132, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60-20132, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartorelli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60-20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60-20132, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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249
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Wang Y, Zhao S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Wang T, Wo X, Dong Y, Zhang J, Xu W, Qu C, Feng X, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao W. N-Acetyl cysteine effectively alleviates Coxsackievirus B-Induced myocarditis through suppressing viral replication and inflammatory response. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Basavalingappa RH, Arumugam R, Lasrado N, Yalaka B, Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Riethoven JJ, Xiang SH, Steffen D, Reddy J. Viral myocarditis involves the generation of autoreactive T cells with multiple antigen specificities that localize in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs in the mouse model of CVB3 infection. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:218-228. [PMID: 32615275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells may contribute to post-viral myocarditis induced with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), but the underlying mechanisms of their generation are unclear. Here, we have comprehensively analyzed the generation of antigen-specific, autoreactive T cells in the mouse model of CVB3 infection for antigens implicated in patients with myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy. First, comparative analysis of CVB3 proteome with five autoantigens led us to identify three mimicry epitopes, one each from adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) and cardiac troponin I. None of these induced cross-reactive T cell responses. Next, we generated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II dextramers to enumerate the frequencies of antigen-specific T cells to determine whether T cells with multiple antigen specificities are generated by CVB3 infection. These analyses revealed appearance of CD4 T cells positive for SERCA2a 971-990, and cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) 334-352 dextramers, both in the periphery and also in the hearts of CVB3-infected animals. While ANT 21-40 dextramer+ T cells were inconsistently detected, the β1-adrenergic receptor 181-200/211-230 or branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase 111-130 dextramer+ cells were absent. Interestingly, SERCA2a 971-990, Myhc 334-352 and ANT 21-40 dextramer+ cells were also detected in the liver indicating that they may have a pathogenic role. Finally, we demonstrate that the SERCA2a 971-990-reactive T cells generated in CVB3 infection could transfer disease to naïve mice. The data suggest that CVB3 infection can lead to the generation of autoreactive T cells for multiple antigens indicating a possibility that the autoreactive T cells localized in the liver can potentially circulate and contribute to the development of viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Rajkumar Arumugam
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- Laboratory of Early Sickle Mortality Prevention, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Shi-Hua Xiang
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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