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Abstract
Recently, RNAi and microRNAs (miRNAs) have become important tools to investigate the regulatory mechanism of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. In this short review, we give a brief overview of the discovery history, functions, and mechanisms of RNAi and miRNAs. We also discuss the RNAi as a tool to study the stem cell function and the potential future practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Murashov
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, 6N-98, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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202
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O'Toole SM, Ferrer MM, Mekonnen J, Zhang H, Shima Y, Ladle DR, Nelson SB. Dicer maintains the identity and function of proprioceptive sensory neurons. J Neurophysiol 2016; 117:1057-1069. [PMID: 28003412 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00763.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell identity is established during development and must be maintained throughout an animal's life (Fishell G, Heintz N. Neuron 80: 602-612, 2013). Transcription factors critical for establishing neuronal identity can be required for maintaining it (Deneris ES, Hobert O. Nat Neurosci 17: 899-907, 2014). Posttranscriptional regulation also plays an important role in neuronal differentiation (Bian S, Sun T. Mol Neurobiol 44: 359-373, 2011), but its role in maintaining cell identity is less established. To better understand how posttranscriptional regulation might contribute to cell identity, we examined the proprioceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), a highly specialized sensory neuron class, with well-established properties that distinguish them from other neurons in the ganglion. By conditionally ablating Dicer in mice, using parvalbumin (Pvalb)-driven Cre recombinase, we impaired posttranscriptional regulation in the proprioceptive sensory neuron population. Knockout (KO) animals display a progressive form of ataxia at the beginning of the fourth postnatal week that is accompanied by a cell death within the DRG. Before cell loss, expression profiling shows a reduction of proprioceptor specific genes and an increased expression of nonproprioceptive genes normally enriched in other ganglion neurons. Furthermore, although central connections of these neurons are intact, the peripheral connections to the muscle are functionally impaired. Posttranscriptional regulation is therefore necessary to retain the transcriptional identity and support functional specialization of the proprioceptive sensory neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated that selectively impairing Dicer in parvalbumin-positive neurons, which include the proprioceptors, triggers behavioral changes, a lack of muscle connectivity, and a loss of transcriptional identity as observed through RNA sequencing. These results suggest that Dicer and, most likely by extension, microRNAs are crucially important for maintaining proprioception. Additionally, this study hints at the larger question of how neurons maintain their functional and molecular specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M O'Toole
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Monica M Ferrer
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jennifer Mekonnen
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; and
| | - Yasuyuki Shima
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; and
| | - David R Ladle
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Sacha B Nelson
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; and
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203
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Jiang H, Good DJ. A molecular conundrum involving hypothalamic responses to and roles of long non-coding RNAs following food deprivation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 438:52-60. [PMID: 27555291 PMCID: PMC5116272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of most poorly understood RNA classes in the mammalian transcriptome. However, they are emerging as important players in transcriptional regulation, especially within the complexity of the nervous system. This review summarizes the known information about lncRNAs, and their roles in endocrine processes, as well as the lesser-known information about lncRNAs in the brain, and in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. A "call-to-action" is presented for researchers to use archival transcriptome data to characterize differentially expressed lncRNA species within the hypothalamus. In accordance, we analyze for differential-expression of lncRNA between normal mice and mice with a targeted deletion of the nescient helix-loop-helix 2 gene, and between C57Bl/6 and 129Sv/J mice. Finally, strategies and approaches for researchers to analyze their own datasets or those on the NCBI GEO datasets repository are provided, in hopes that future studies will reveal many new roles for lncRNAs in hypothalamic physiological responses, solving this so-called "molecular conundrum" once and for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Deborah J Good
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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204
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Deng B, Bai F, Zhou H, Zhou D, Ma Z, Xiong L, Wang Q. Electroacupuncture enhances rehabilitation through miR-181b targeting PirB after ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38997. [PMID: 27966582 PMCID: PMC5155251 DOI: 10.1038/srep38997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins are beneficial to axon regeneration, which may be involved in Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy against stroke. In this study, we aimed to determine the pivotal role of PirB in EA-produced rehabilitation against ischemic stroke; and to screen and investigate the potential miRNAs directly regulating PirB expression. The results showed EA treatment enhanced axon regeneration and new projections from the corticospinal tract at 28 d after cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury of rats. Then, we found EA decreased pirb mRNA and PirB protein expression in the penumbra within 28 days after reperfusion. The reduction of PirB expression facilitated neurite outgrowth after oxygen-glucose deprivation injury. The miRNA microarray showed the level of twenty kinds of miRNAs changed in the penumbra after EA administration. The bioinformatics study and luciferase assay verified miR-181b directly regulated pirb mRNA expression. EA increased miR-181b levels in the penumbras, and improved neurobehavioral function rehabilitation through miR-181b direct targeting of pirb mRNA to regulate the expression of PirB, RhoA and GAP43. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that EA enhances rehabilitation against stroke by regulating epigenetic changes to directly act on its targets, such as the miR-181b/PirB/RhoA/GAP43 axis, which is a novel mechanism of EA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Anesthesiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Fuhai Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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205
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Reschke CR, Silva LFA, Norwood BA, Senthilkumar K, Morris G, Sanz-Rodriguez A, Conroy RM, Costard L, Neubert V, Bauer S, Farrell MA, O'Brien DF, Delanty N, Schorge S, Pasterkamp RJ, Rosenow F, Henshall DC. Potent Anti-seizure Effects of Locked Nucleic Acid Antagomirs Targeting miR-134 in Multiple Mouse and Rat Models of Epilepsy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 6:45-56. [PMID: 28325299 PMCID: PMC5363384 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Current anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) act on a limited set of neuronal targets, are ineffective in a third of patients with epilepsy, and do not show disease-modifying properties. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate levels of proteins by post-transcriptional control of mRNA stability and translation. MicroRNA-134 is involved in controlling neuronal microstructure and brain excitability and previous studies showed that intracerebroventricular injections of locked nucleic acid (LNA), cholesterol-tagged antagomirs targeting microRNA-134 (Ant-134) reduced evoked and spontaneous seizures in mouse models of status epilepticus. Translation of these findings would benefit from evidence of efficacy in non-status epilepticus models and validation in another species. Here, we report that electrographic seizures and convulsive behavior are strongly reduced in adult mice pre-treated with Ant-134 in the pentylenetetrazol model. Pre-treatment with Ant-134 did not affect the severity of status epilepticus induced by perforant pathway stimulation in adult rats, a toxin-free model of acquired epilepsy. Nevertheless, Ant-134 post-treatment reduced the number of rats developing spontaneous seizures by 86% in the perforant pathway stimulation model and Ant-134 delayed epileptiform activity in a rat ex vivo hippocampal slice model. The potent anticonvulsant effects of Ant-134 in multiple models may encourage pre-clinical development of this approach to epilepsy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R Reschke
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Luiz F Almeida Silva
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Braxton A Norwood
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - Ketharini Senthilkumar
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Gareth Morris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Amaya Sanz-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Ronán M Conroy
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Lara Costard
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Valentin Neubert
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bauer
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - Michael A Farrell
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin D09 C562, Ireland
| | - Donncha F O'Brien
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin D09 C562, Ireland
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin D09 C562, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Schorge
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg 35043, Germany; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland.
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206
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Schieweck R, Popper B, Kiebler MA. Co-Translational Folding: A Novel Modulator of Local Protein Expression in Mammalian Neurons? Trends Genet 2016; 32:788-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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207
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The age factor in axonal repair after spinal cord injury: A focus on neuron-intrinsic mechanisms. Neurosci Lett 2016; 652:41-49. [PMID: 27818358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Age is an important consideration for recovery and repair after spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is increasingly affecting the middle-aged and aging populations. Despite rapid progress in research to promote axonal regeneration and repair, our understanding of how age can modulate this repair is rather limited. In this review, we discuss the literature supporting the notion of an age-dependent decline in axonal growth after central nervous system (CNS) injury. While both neuron-intrinsic and extrinsic factors are involved in the control of axon growth after injury, here we focus on possible intrinsic mechanisms for this age-dependent decline.
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208
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The human BDNF gene: peripheral gene expression and protein levels as biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e958. [PMID: 27874848 PMCID: PMC5314126 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates the survival and growth of neurons, and influences synaptic efficiency and plasticity. The human BDNF gene consists of 11 exons, and distinct BDNF transcripts are produced through the use of alternative promoters and splicing events. The majority of the BDNF transcripts can be detected not only in the brain but also in the blood cells, although no study has yet investigated the differential expression of BDNF transcripts at the peripheral level. This review provides a description of the human BDNF gene structure as well as a summary of clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the role of BDNF in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. We will discuss several mechanisms as possibly underlying BDNF modulation, including epigenetic mechanisms. We will also discuss the potential use of peripheral BDNF as a biomarker for psychiatric disorders, focusing on the factors that can influence BDNF gene expression and protein levels. Within this context, we have also characterized, for we believe the first time, the expression of BDNF transcripts in the blood, with the aim to provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms and signaling that may regulate peripheral BDNF gene expression levels.
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209
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Vargas JNS, Kar AN, Kowalak JA, Gale JR, Aschrafi A, Chen CY, Gioio AE, Kaplan BB. Axonal localization and mitochondrial association of precursor microRNA 338. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4327-4340. [PMID: 27229124 PMCID: PMC5056120 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) selectively localize to subcompartments of the neuron, such as dendrites, axons, and presynaptic terminals, where they regulate the local protein synthesis of their putative target genes. In addition to mature miRNAs, precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) have also been shown to localize to somatodendritic and axonal compartments. miRNA-338 (miR-338) regulates the local expression of several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs within axons of sympathetic neurons. Previous work has shown that precursor miR-338 (pre-miR-338) introduced into the axon can locally be processed into mature miR-338, where it can regulate local ATP synthesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the localization of pre-miRNAs to the axonal compartment remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the axonal localization of pre-miR-338. Using proteomic and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence for the localization of pre-miR-338 to distal neuronal compartments and identify several constituents of the pre-miR-338 ribonucleoprotein complex. Furthermore, we found that pre-miR-338 is associated with the mitochondria in axons of superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons. The maintenance of mitochondrial function within axons requires the precise spatiotemporal synthesis of nuclear-encoded mRNAs, some of which are regulated by miR-338. Therefore, the association of pre-miR-338 with axonal mitochondria could serve as a reservoir of mature, biologically active miRNAs, which could coordinate the intra-axonal expression of multiple nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Norberto S Vargas
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA
| | - Amar N Kar
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kowalak
- NINDS/NIMH Clinical Proteomics Unit, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenna R Gale
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA
| | - Armaz Aschrafi
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA
| | - Cai-Yun Chen
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA
| | - Anthony E Gioio
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA
| | - Barry B Kaplan
- Section on Neurobiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4411, USA.
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210
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Chen Y, Cao S, Xu P, Han W, Shan T, Pan J, Lin W, Chen X, Wang X. Changes in the Expression of miR-34a and its Target Genes Following Spinal Cord Injury In Rats. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3981-3993. [PMID: 27780189 PMCID: PMC5083044 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Results from DNA microarray experiments have shown that the expression of miR-34s undergoes significant changes following spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study was designed to detect changes in the expression of miR-34s and its target genes during the acute and sub-acute stages of SCI. Material/Methods Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining for myelin was used to observe the differences in the general morphology of the spinal cord after SCI in a contusion model in rats. qPCR was carried out to determine the expression variation of miR-34s and its target genes during the acute and sub-acute stages of SCI. The mimic technique was used to further confirm the regulatory effect of miR-34a on the potential target genes. Results The expression level of miR-34a decreased immediately after SCI and persisted for 21 days after SCI. The expression level of miR-34c began decreasing at day 1 after SCI and persisted until day 14. The expression level of miR-34b did not undergo significant change after SCI. The results of double immunofluorescence and in-situ hybridization suggested that miR-34a was highly expressed in spinal cord neurons. Based on our bioinformatics analysis, we postulated that miR-34a might participate in post-SCI cell apoptosis by regulating the target gene Notch1, and likely participated in the inflammatory response and glial scar formation by regulating the candidate genes Csf1r and PDGFRα, respectively. The expression levels of the candidate genes Csf1r and PDGFRα were consistent with Notch1 after SCI. The mimic technique further confirmed the regulatory effect of miR-34a on the aforementioned target genes. Conclusions We postulate that miR-34a and miR-34c might participate in multiple aspects of cytobiological activities following SCI. MiR-34a in particular may participate in cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and glial scar formation by regulating the target gene Notch1 and candidate target genes Csf1r and PDGFRα respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Shuyan Cao
- Department of Pathology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Pingping Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Han
- , Undergraduate Student of Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Tiankai Shan
- , Undergraduate Student of Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jingying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xue Chen
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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211
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Chen W, Guo S, Wang S. MicroRNA-16 Alleviates Inflammatory Pain by Targeting Ras-Related Protein 23 (RAB23) and Inhibiting p38 MAPK Activation. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3894-3901. [PMID: 27770129 PMCID: PMC5081236 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our study was to determine the functional role of microRNA (miR)-16 in chronic inflammatory pain and to disclose its underlying molecular mechanism. Material/Methods Inflammatory pain was induced by injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) to Wistar rats. The pWPXL-miR-16, PcDNA3.1- Ras-related protein (RAB23), and/or SB203580 were delivered intrathecally to the rats. Behavioral tests were detected at 0 h, 4 h, 1 d, 4 d, 7 d, and 14 d after CFA injection. After behavioral tests, L4–L6 dorsal spinal cord were obtained and the levels of miR-16, RAB23, and phosphorylation of p38 (p-p38) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore whether RAB23 was a target of miR-16, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to confirm the regulation between RAB23 and miR-16. Results The level of miR-16 was significantly decreased in the CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Intrathecal injection of miR-16 alleviates pain response and raised pain threshold. The level of RAB23 was significantly increased in the pain model, and intrathecal injection of RAB23 aggravated pain response. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that RAB23 was a direct target of miR-16, and RAB23 was negatively regulated by miR-16. In addition, we found that simultaneous administration of SB203580 and miR-16 further alleviates pain response compared to only administration of miR-16. Conclusions Our findings suggest that miR-16 relieves chronic inflammatory pain by targeting RAB23 and inhibiting p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shengdong Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shenggang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
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212
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Extrinsic and Intrinsic Regulation of Axon Regeneration by MicroRNAs after Spinal Cord Injury. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:1279051. [PMID: 27818801 PMCID: PMC5081430 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1279051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a devastating disease which disrupts the connections between the brain and spinal cord, often resulting in the loss of sensory and motor function below the lesion site. Most injured neurons fail to regenerate in the central nervous system after injury. Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the general failure of axonal regeneration after injury. MicroRNAs can modulate multiple genes' expression and are tightly controlled during nerve development or the injury process. Evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs and their signaling pathways play important roles in mediating axon regeneration and glial scar formation after spinal cord injury. This article reviews the role and mechanism of differentially expressed microRNAs in regulating axon regeneration and glial scar formation after spinal cord injury, as well as their therapeutic potential for promoting axonal regeneration and repair of the injured spinal cord.
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213
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Chak K, Roy-Chaudhuri B, Kim HK, Kemp KC, Porter BE, Kay MA. Increased precursor microRNA-21 following status epilepticus can compete with mature microRNA-21 to alter translation. Exp Neurol 2016; 286:137-146. [PMID: 27725160 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is consistently up-regulated in various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Here, we show that the biogenesis of miR-21 is altered following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) with an increase in precursor miR-21 (pre-miR-21) in rats. We demonstrate that pre-miR-21 has an energetically favorable site overlapping with the miR-21 binding site and competes with mature miR-21 for binding in the 3'UTR of TGFBR2 mRNA, but not NT-3 mRNA in vitro. This binding competition influences miR-21-mediated repression in vitro and correlates with the increase in TGFBR2 and decrease in NT-3 following SE. Polysome profiling reveals co-localization of pre-miR-21 in the ribosome fraction with translating mRNAs in U-87 cells. The current work suggests that pre-miR-21 may post-transcriptionally counteract miR-21-mediated suppression following SE and could potentially lead to prolonged TGF-β receptor expression impacting epileptogenesis. The study further supports that the ratio of the pre to mature miRNA may be important in determining the regulatory effects of a miRNA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayam Chak
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Hak Kyun Kim
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Kayla C Kemp
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Brenda E Porter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.
| | - Mark A Kay
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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Wu S, Zhang R, Nie F, Wang X, Jiang C, Liu M, Valenzuela RK, Liu W, Shi Y, Ma J. MicroRNA-137 Inhibits EFNB2 Expression Affected by a Genetic Variant and Is Expressed Aberrantly in Peripheral Blood of Schizophrenia Patients. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:133-142. [PMID: 27650867 PMCID: PMC5078603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous and non-coding single-stranded RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, many of which are evolutionarily conserved. Genome-wide association studies have identified a robust statistical association between the MIR137 gene and schizophrenia in Europeans, which was replicated in the Han Chinese population in a case-control study. In the previous study, we provided evidence for a significant association between the EFNB2 gene and schizophrenia in Han Chinese subjects. In the current study, we utilized computational analysis, vector construction of point mutations, luciferase reporter assays and gene expression assays including RT-qPCR and western blotting methods to investigate miR-137 directly targeting EFNB2 gene and explore the reversal effect of a genetic variant of SNP rs550067317 in the putative seed-pair region of EFNB2 3'-UTR. We also found that miR-137 could be detected in the peripheral blood of a cohort of first-onset schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, and the area under curve was 0.795 (95% confidence interval 0.700-0.890), which is a middle diagnostic value for disease, suggesting that it might be valuable for diagnosing schizophrenia. In summary, this study would improve our understanding of the role of miR-137 in schizophrenia-associated signaling pathways and identify the genetic basis of rs550067317 for schizophrenia. Furthermore, we provided new evidence for the involvement of miR-137 in the etiology and diagnosis of schizophrenia, which might contribute to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Translational medicine center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Fayi Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Robert K Valenzuela
- Department of Human Genetics 4, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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215
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Deng M, Tufan T, Raza MU, Jones TC, Zhu MY. MicroRNAs 29b and 181a down-regulate the expression of the norepinephrine transporter and glucocorticoid receptors in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2016; 139:197-207. [PMID: 27501468 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that provide global regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Such regulation has been found to play a role in stress-induced epigenetic responses in the brain. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) and glucocorticoid receptors are closely related to the homeostatic integration and regulation after stress. Our previous studies demonstrated that NET mRNA and protein levels in rats are regulated by chronic stress and by administration of corticosterone, which is mediated through glucocorticoid receptors. Whether miRNAs are intermediaries in the regulation of these proteins remains to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine possible regulatory effects of miRNAs on the expression of NET and glucocorticoid receptors in the noradrenergic neuronal cell line. Using computational target prediction, we identified several candidate miRNAs potentially targeting NET and glucocorticoid receptors. Western blot results showed that over-expression of miR-181a and miR-29b significantly repressed protein levels of NET, which is accompanied by a reduced [3 H] norepinephrine uptake, and glucocorticoid receptors in PC12 cells. Luciferase reporter assays verified that both miR-181a and miR-29b bind the 3'UTR of mRNA of NET and glucocorticoid receptors. Furthermore, exposure of PC12 cells to corticosterone markedly reduced the endogenous levels of miR-29b, which was not reversed by the application of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone. These observations indicate that miR-181a and miR-29b can function as the negative regulators of NET and glucocorticoid receptor translation in vitro. This regulatory effect may be related to stress-induced up-regulation of the noradrenergic phenotype, a phenomenon observed in stress models and depressive patients. This study demonstrated that miR-29b and miR-181a, two short non-coding RNAs that provide global regulation of gene expression, markedly repressed protein levels of norepinephrine (NE) transporter and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), as well as NE uptake by binding the 3'UTR of their mRNAs in PC12 cells. Also, exposure of cells to corticosterone significantly reduced miR-29b levels through a GR-independent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxian Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Polytechnic College of A&F, Jurong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Muhammad U Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas C Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meng-Yang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
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216
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Lim CH, Zainal NZ, Kanagasundram S, Zain SM, Mohamed Z. Preliminary examination of microRNA expression profiling in bipolar disorder I patients during antipsychotic treatment. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2016; 171:867-74. [PMID: 27177356 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although major progress has been achieved in research and development of antipsychotic medications for bipolar disorder (BPD), knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder and the action of atypical antipsychotics remains incomplete. The levels of microRNAs (miRNAs)-small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, including genes involved in neuronal function and plasticity-are frequently altered in psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to examine changes in miRNA expression in bipolar mania patients after treatment with asenapine and risperidone. Using a miRNA microarray, we analyzed miRNA expression in the blood of 10 bipolar mania patients following 12 weeks of treatment with asenapine or risperidone. Selected miRNAs were validated by using real-time PCR. A total of 16 miRNAs were differentially expressed after treatment in the asenapine group, 14 of which were significantly upregulated and the other two significantly downregulated. However, all three differentially expressed miRNAs in the risperidone group were downregulated. MiRNA target gene prediction and gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment for pathways associated with immune system response and regulation of programmed cell death and transcription. Our results suggest that candidate miRNAs may be involved in the mechanism of action of both antipsychotics in bipolar mania. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chor Hong Lim
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Zuraida Zainal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sharmilla Kanagasundram
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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217
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van Zundert B, Brown RH. Silencing strategies for therapy of SOD1-mediated ALS. Neurosci Lett 2016; 636:32-39. [PMID: 27507699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, lethal, paralytic disorder caused by the degeneration of motor neurons. Our understanding of this disease has been greatly facilitated by studies of familial ALS caused by mutations in the gene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Evidence indicates that misfolded wild-type SOD1 may also be pathogenic in sporadic ALS. Mutant SOD1 is neurotoxic through multiple mechanisms. Because the pathogenicity of mutant SOD1 is proportional to the dose of the toxic protein, a rational approach to treating SOD1-related ALS is to reduce levels of the toxic SOD1 species. An advantage of this strategy is that it potentially obviates intervening in multiple, downstream pathological cascades. In recent years, several strategies to silence gene expression have been developed. The most clinically promising are predicated on approaches that enhance degradation of RNA, such as anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASO) and RNA interference (RNAi); the latter include small inhibitory RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and microRNA (miR). Agents such as shRNA and either native or synthetic miR are capable of permeating the central nervous system (CNS) and efficiently silencing genes in the brain and spinal cord. Here we review recent progress in silencing SOD1, focusing on studies using artificial shRNA or miRNA in combination with potent viral vector delivery systems to mediate SOD1 silencing within the CNS in transgenic SOD1G93A mice and non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte van Zundert
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
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218
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Jin J, Kim SN, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Seo JS, Kim Y, Sun T. miR-17-92 Cluster Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Anxiety, and Depression. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1653-1663. [PMID: 27477270 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute to the pathogenesis of mood and anxiety disorders, although the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that altered levels of miR-17-92 in adult hippocampal neural progenitors have a significant impact on neurogenesis and anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in mice. miR-17-92 deletion in adult neural progenitors decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, while its overexpression increases neurogenesis. miR-17-92 affects neurogenesis by regulating genes in the glucocorticoid pathway, especially serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase-1 (Sgk1). miR-17-92 knockout mice show anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, whereas miR-17-92 overexpressing mice exhibit anxiolytic and antidepression-like behaviors. Furthermore, we show that miR-17-92 expression in the adult mouse hippocampus responds to chronic stress, and miR-17-92 rescues proliferation defects induced by corticosterone in hippocampal neural progenitors. Our study uncovers a crucial role for miR-17-92 in adult neural progenitors through regulation of neurogenesis and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xuqing Liu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Cornell University Weill Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ji-Seon Seo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cornell University Weill Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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219
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Huang JH, Cao Y, Zeng L, Wang G, Cao M, Lu HB, Hu JZ. Tetramethylpyrazine enhances functional recovery after contusion spinal cord injury by modulation of MicroRNA-21, FasL, PDCD4 and PTEN expression. Brain Res 2016; 1648:35-45. [PMID: 27431939 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has protective effects against SCI. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mechanism underlying the protective effects of TMP in SCI. SCI was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with a modified weight-drop device. One group was subjected to SCI in combination with TMP administration at a dose of 200mg/kgd, for 3 days. Concurrently, another group received SCI in combination with an equal volume of 0.9% saline. Locomotor functional recovery was assessed during the 4 weeks post-injury by performing the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) rating procedure. Lesion size and spared tissue were measured by cresyl violet staining. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) expression was determined by real-time PCR and in situ hybridization. FasL, PDCD4, and PTEN are direct targets of miR-21 in many diseases and cell types; their levels were analyzed by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expression of PDCD4 and PTEN. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining and DNA laddering. TMP treatment after contusion SCI significantly improved functional recovery, decreased lesion size, and increased tissue sparing and miR-21 levels; expression of FasL, PDCD4, and PTEN was decreased. TMP treatment also reduced apoptosis after SCI. Thus, TMP administration improved functional recovery and reduced cell apoptosis. Its protective effect may partly based on increasing the expression of miR-21 and decreasing the expression of FasL, PDCD4, and PTEN. These could serve as new exploratory targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hu Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Department of orthopaedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 350001, PR China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
| | - Jian-Zhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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220
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Di Meco A, Praticò D. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:367-72. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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221
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Wiberg R, Kingham PJ, Novikova LN. A Morphological and Molecular Characterization of the Spinal Cord after Ventral Root Avulsion or Distal Peripheral Nerve Axotomy Injuries in Adult Rats. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:652-660. [PMID: 27297543 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2015.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde cell death in sensory dorsal root ganglion cells following peripheral nerve injury is well established. However, available data regarding the underlying mechanism behind injury induced motoneuron death are conflicting. By comparing morphological and molecular changes in spinal motoneurons after L4-L5 ventral root avulsion (VRA) and distal peripheral nerve axotomy (PNA) 7 and 14 days postoperatively, we aimed to gain more insight about the mechanism behind injury-induced motoneuron degeneration. Morphological changes in spinal cord were assessed by using quantitative immunohistochemistry. Neuronal degeneration was revealed by decreased immunostaining for microtubule-associated protein-2 in dendrites and synaptophysin in presynaptic boutons after both VRA and PNA. Significant motoneuron atrophy was already observed at 7 days post-injury, independently of injury type. Immunostaining for ED1 reactive microglia was significantly elevated in all experimental groups, as well as the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of the ventral horn from L4-L5 spinal cord segments revealed a significant upregulation of genes involved in programmed cell death including caspase-3, caspase-8, and related death receptors TRAIL-R, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R, and Fas following VRA. In contrast, following PNA, caspase-3 and the death receptor gene expression levels did not differ from the control, and there was only a modest increased expression of caspase-8. Moreover, the altered gene expression correlated with protein changes. These results show that the spinal motoneurons reacted in a similar fashion with respect to morphological changes after both proximal and distal injury. However, the increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, and related death receptors after VRA suggest that injury- induced motoneuron degeneration is mediated through an apoptotic mechanism, which might involve both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wiberg
- 1 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden .,2 Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J Kingham
- 1 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liudmila N Novikova
- 1 Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
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222
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Zeng LL, He XS, Liu JR, Zheng CB, Wang YT, Yang GY. Lentivirus-Mediated Overexpression of MicroRNA-210 Improves Long-Term Outcomes after Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:961-969. [PMID: 27390218 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury and in the repair process during postischemic condition. However, the key miRNAs and their function in these processes remain unclear. METHODS Circulating blood MicroRNAs profiles were examined in the ischemic stroke patients. The predicted network of difference was analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis. The key MicroRNAs were selected, and the function was further studied in a mouse ischemia model. The predicted downstream target was confirmed. RESULTS We found that 24 MicroRNAs were differently expressed in stroke patients compared to the control (P < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed a MicroRNAs regulated network with the highest score in the stroke cascade, which was consisted of 10 MicroRNAs including key hypoxia-related miR-210 and its predicted downstream target brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Lentivirus-mediated miR-210 overexpression enhanced the microvessel density and the number of neural progenitor cells in the ischemic mouse brain (P < 0.05) and improved neurobehavioral outcomes in the ischemic mouse (P < 0.05). MiR-210 upregulation increased mBDNF/proBDNF protein expression in the normal and ischemic mouse brain. The dual-luciferase reporter assay identified that BDNF was the direct target of miR-210. CONCLUSION MiR-210 is a crucial ischemic stroke-associated MicroRNAs and a potential target for the stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Department of human anatomy, Guangzhou medical university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Bo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Ting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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223
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Zhan L, Yao Y, Fu H, Li Z, Wang F, Zhang X, He W, Zheng W, Zhang Y, Zheng H. Protective role of miR-23b-3p in kainic acid-induced seizure. Neuroreport 2016; 27:764-8. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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224
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He S, Liu X, Jiang K, Peng D, Hong W, Fang Y, Qian Y, Yu S, Li H. Alterations of microRNA-124 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pre- and post-treatment patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 78:65-71. [PMID: 27078210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that dysfunction of microRNA-124 (miR-124) might be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in some animal models of depression. However, the role of miR-124 in MDD patients remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the miR-124 expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were associated with MDD and to evaluate the effects of antidepressant treatment on miR-124 levels. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to detect miR-124 expression in 32 pre- and post-treatment MDD patients and 30 healthy controls. Our results showed that expression levels of miR-124 from PBMCs in MDD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (p < 0.001), and that the area under the curve of miR-124 from ROC analysis was 0.762 with a sensitivity of 83.33% and specificity of 66.67% in distinguishing MDD patients from healthy controls. In addition, the expression levels of miR-124 were significantly down-regulated after eight weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). MiRNA target gene prediction and functional annotation analysis indicated that altered miR-124 was involved in affecting some important biological processes and pathways related to MDD. These results provide new information on miR-124 involvement in the biological alterations of MDD and in antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Kaida Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wu Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiping Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huafang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Institution of Drug Clinical Trials, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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225
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Fiorenza A, Barco A. Role of Dicer and the miRNA system in neuronal plasticity and brain function. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:3-12. [PMID: 27163737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Their abundance in the nervous system, their temporally and spatially regulated expression and their ability to respond in an activity-dependent manner make miRNAs ideal candidates for the regulation of complex processes in the brain, including neuronal plasticity, memory formation and neural development. The conditional ablation of the RNase III Dicer, which is essential for the maturation of most miRNAs, is a useful model to investigate the effect of the loss of the miRNA system, as a whole, in different tissues and cellular types. In this review, we first provide an overview of Dicer function and structure, and discuss outstanding questions concerning the role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression and neuronal function, to later focus on the insight derived from studies in which the genetic ablation of Dicer was used to determine the role of the miRNA system in the nervous system. In particular, we highlight the collective role of miRNAs fine-tuning plasticity-related gene expression and providing robustness to neuronal gene expression networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fiorenza
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Angel Barco
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Av. Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550 Alicante, Spain.
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Role of Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa and microRNAs in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2016; 23:325-30. [PMID: 27071021 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoiesis is regulated by cellular factors including transcription factors, microRNAs, and epigenetic modifiers. Understanding how these factors regulate hematopoiesis is pivotal for manipulating them to achieve their desired potential. In this review, we will focus on HIV-1 Tat-interacting protein of 110 kDa (Tip110) and its regulation of hematopoiesis. RECENT FINDINGS There are several pathways in hematopoiesis that involve Tip110 regulation. Tip110 is expressed in human cord blood CD34 cells; its expression decreases when CD34 cells begin to differentiate. Tip110 is also expressed in mouse marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Tip110 expression increases the number, survival, and cell cycling of HPC. Tip110-mediated regulation of hematopoiesis has been linked to its reciprocal control of proto-oncogene expression. Small noncoding microRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in regulation of hematopoiesis. miR-124 specifically targets 3'-untranslated region of Tip110 and subsequently regulates Tip110 expression in HSC. SUMMARY Our recent findings for manipulating expression levels of Tip110 in HSC and HPC could be useful for expanding HSC and HPC and for improving engraftment of cord blood HSC/HPC.
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227
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Keasey MP, Scott HL, Bantounas I, Uney JB, Kelly S. MiR-132 Is Upregulated by Ischemic Preconditioning of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons and Protects them from Subsequent OGD Toxicity. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:404-10. [PMID: 27074745 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We explored the response of a panel of selected microRNAs (miRNAs) in neuroprotection produced by ischemic preconditioning. Hippocampal neuronal cultures were exposed to a 30-min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In our hands, this duration of OGD does not result in neuronal loss in vitro but significantly reduces neuronal death from a subsequent 'lethal' OGD insult. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of 16 miRNAs of interest at 1 and 24-h post-OGD. One miRNA (miR-98) was significantly decreased at 1-h post-OGD. Ten miRNAs (miR-9, miR-21, miR-29b, miR-30e, miR-101a, miR-101b, miR-124a, miR-132, miR-153, miR-204) were increased significantly at 24-h post-OGD. No miRNAs were decreased at 24-h. The increases observed in the 24-h group suggested that these miRNAs might play a role in preconditioning-induced neuroprotection. We selected the widely studied miR-132, a brain enriched, CREB regulated miRNA, to explore its role in simulated ischemic insults. We found that hippocampal neurons transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing miR-132 were protected from OGD and NMDA treatment, but not hydrogen peroxide. These findings add to the growing literature that targeting neuroprotective pathways controlled by miRNAs may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Keasey
- School of Clinical Sciences & School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Laboratories, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Helen L Scott
- School of Clinical Sciences & School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Laboratories, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | - James B Uney
- School of Clinical Sciences & School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Laboratories, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Stephen Kelly
- School of Clinical Sciences & School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Laboratories, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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228
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Epigenetic Mechanisms in Developmental Alcohol-Induced Neurobehavioral Deficits. Brain Sci 2016; 6:brainsci6020012. [PMID: 27070644 PMCID: PMC4931489 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci6020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and its damaging consequences on the developing infant brain are significant public health, social, and economic issues. The major distinctive features of prenatal alcohol exposure in humans are cognitive and behavioral dysfunction due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which results in a continuum of disarray that is collectively called fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Many rodent models have been developed to understand the mechanisms of and to reproduce the human FASD phenotypes. These animal FASD studies have provided several molecular pathways that are likely responsible for the neurobehavioral abnormalities that are associated with prenatal alcohol exposure of the developing CNS. Recently, many laboratories have identified several immediate, as well as long-lasting, epigenetic modifications of DNA methylation, DNA-associated histone proteins and microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis by using a variety of epigenetic approaches in rodent FASD models. Because DNA methylation patterns, DNA-associated histone protein modifications and miRNA-regulated gene expression are crucial for synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, they can therefore offer an answer to many of the neurobehavioral abnormalities that are found in FASD. In this review, we briefly discuss the current literature of DNA methylation, DNA-associated histone proteins modification and miRNA and review recent developments concerning epigenetic changes in FASD.
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229
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Zhou S, Ding F, Gu X. Non-coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Neural Injury Responses and Regeneration. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:253-64. [PMID: 27037691 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a large cluster of RNAs that do not encode proteins, but have multiple functions in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence indicates the involvement of ncRNAs in the physiology and pathophysiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been shown that numerous ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are differentially expressed after insults such as acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. These ncRNAs affect neuronal survival, neurite regrowth, and glial phenotype primarily by targeting specific mRNAs, resulting in translation repression or degradation of the mRNAs. An increasing number of studies have investigated the regulatory roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neural injury and regeneration, and thus a new research field is emerging. In this review, we highlight current progress in the field in an attempt to provide further insight into post-transcriptional changes occurring after neural injury, and to facilitate the potential use of ncRNAs for improving neural regeneration. We also suggest potential directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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230
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Tapocik JD, Ceniccola K, Mayo CL, Schwandt ML, Solomon M, Wang BD, Luu TV, Olender J, Harrigan T, Maynard TM, Elmer GI, Lee NH. MicroRNAs Are Involved in the Development of Morphine-Induced Analgesic Tolerance and Regulate Functionally Relevant Changes in Serpini1. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27047334 PMCID: PMC4805586 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term opioid treatment results in reduced therapeutic efficacy and in turn leads to an increase in the dose required to produce equivalent pain relief and alleviate break-through or insurmountable pain. Altered gene expression is a likely means for inducing long-term neuroadaptations responsible for tolerance. Studies conducted by our laboratory (Tapocik et al., 2009) revealed a network of gene expression changes occurring in canonical pathways involved in neuroplasticity, and uncovered miRNA processing as a potential mechanism. In particular, the mRNA coding the protein responsible for processing miRNAs, Dicer1, was positively correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that miRNAs play a significant role in the development of analgesic tolerance as measured by thermal nociception. Dicer1 knockdown, miRNA profiling, bioinformatics, and confirmation of high value targets were used to test the proposition. Regionally targeted Dicer1 knockdown (via shRNA) had the anticipated consequence of eliminating the development of tolerance in C57BL/6J (B6) mice, thus supporting the involvement of miRNAs in the development of tolerance. MiRNA expression profiling identified a core set of chronic morphine-regulated miRNAs (miR's 27a, 9, 483, 505, 146b, 202). Bioinformatics approaches were implemented to identify and prioritize their predicted target mRNAs. We focused our attention on miR27a and its predicted target serpin peptidase inhibitor clade I (Serpini1) mRNA, a transcript known to be intricately involved in dendritic spine density regulation in a manner consistent with chronic morphine's consequences and previously found to be correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. In vitro reporter assay confirmed the targeting of the Serpini1 3'-untranslated region by miR27a. Interestingly miR27a was found to positively regulate Serpini1 mRNA and protein levels in multiple neuronal cell lines. Lastly, Serpini1 knockout mice developed analgesic tolerance at a slower rate than wild-type mice thus confirming a role for the protein in analgesic tolerance. Overall, these results provide evidence to support a specific role for miR27a and Serpini1 in the behavioral response to chronic opioid administration (COA) and suggest that miRNA expression and mRNA targeting may underlie the neuroadaptations that mediate tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica D. Tapocik
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Ceniccola
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Solomon
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Truong V. Luu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas Harrigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas M. Maynard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Greg I. Elmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
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231
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNA molecules that mediate post-transcriptional gene suppression by incomplete matches with their host mRNAs. In the central nervous system, miRNAs that functionally interact with their target genes constitute a flexible, robust and buffered regulatory network, exerting diverse roles in brain evolution and development. However, distinct variation either in hub miRNA expression levels or patterns may initiate and/or progress various adult-onset nerve-related diseases. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the general hallmarks of brain miRNAs that act as vital determinants in increasingly complicated neural activities. We endeavor to provide a constructive insight into the neuroscience research in the quest to comprehend molecular underpinnings of physiological functions and pathological disorders in central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- a Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center; Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) ; Beijing , PR China
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232
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Niu M, Xu R, Wang J, Hou B, Xie A. MiR-133b ameliorates axon degeneration induced by MPP(+) via targeting RhoA. Neuroscience 2016; 325:39-49. [PMID: 27012608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). MiR-133b, which is significantly decreased in the PD midbrain, has recently been shown to promote neurite outgrowth and enhance neural functional recovery. However, the role of miR-133b in PD has not been clearly established. Here, using a well-established PD model culture based on the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP(+)), we demonstrated that miR-133b could promote axon outgrowth in dopaminergic neurons (DNs) and ameliorated MPP(+)-induced axon degeneration. Additional experiments suggested that the mechanisms of this miR-133b-mediated effect might rely on RhoA inhibition. We demonstrated that RhoA, an inhibitor of axonal growth, was increased in DNs under MPP(+) treatment, and this increase could be attenuated by miR-133b overexpression. Moreover, we demonstrated that the induced expression of miR-133b could inhibit α-synuclein, which is critically involved in the pathological process of PD. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of miR-133b abrogated the MPP(+)-induced decrease in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and upregulated phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), which is a pro-survival kinase. Together these findings reveal novel roles for miR-133b in the pathogenesis of PD and provide new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - R Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - B Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - A Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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233
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Wang W, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Liu J, Jiang G, Li J, Zhang X, Wang K, Wang J, Chen G, Luo J. The microRNA miR-124 suppresses seizure activity and regulates CREB1 activity. Expert Rev Mol Med 2016; 18:e4. [PMID: 26996991 PMCID: PMC4836211 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
miR-124, a brain-specific microRNA, was originally considered as a key regulator in neuronal differentiation and the development of the nervous system. Here we showed that miR-124 expression was suppressed in patients with epilepsy and rats after drug induced-seizures. Intrahippocampal administration of a miR-124 duplex led to alleviated seizure severity and prolonged onset latency in two rat models (pentylenetetrazole- and pilocarpine-induced seizures), while miR-124 inhibitor led to shortened onset latency in pilocarpine-induced seizure rat models. Moreover, the result of local field potentials (LFPs) records further demonstrated miR-124 may have anti-epilepsy function. Inhibition of neuronal firing by miR-124 was associated with the suppression of mEPSC, AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated currents, which were accompanied by decreased surface expression of NMDAR. In addition, miR-124 injection resulted in decreased activity and expression of cAMP-response element-binding protein1 (CREB1). a key regulator in epileptogenesis. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm that miR-124 targeted directly the 3'UTR of CREB1 gene and repressed the CREB1 expression in HEK293T cells. Immunoprecipitation studies confirmed that the CREB1 antibody effectively precipitated CREB1 and NMDAR1 but not GLUR1 from rat brain hippocampus. These results revealed a previously unknown function of miR-124 in neuronal excitability and provided a new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - KeWei Wang
- Peking University School of Medicine, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Prior studies have shown that they regulate numerous physiological processes critical for normal development, cellular growth control, and organismal behavior. Here, we systematically surveyed 134 different miRNAs for roles in olfactory learning and memory formation using "sponge" technology to titrate their activity broadly in the Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system. We identified at least five different miRNAs involved in memory formation or retention from this large screen, including miR-9c, miR-31a, miR-305, miR-974, and miR-980. Surprisingly, the titration of some miRNAs increased memory, while the titration of others decreased memory. We performed more detailed experiments on two miRNAs, miR-974 and miR-31a, by mapping their roles to subpopulations of brain neurons and testing the functional involvement in memory of potential mRNA targets through bioinformatics and a RNA interference knockdown approach. This screen offers an important first step toward the comprehensive identification of all miRNAs and their potential targets that serve in gene regulatory networks important for normal learning and memory.
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235
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Colicino E, Giuliano G, Power MC, Lepeule J, Wilker EH, Vokonas P, Brennan KJM, Fossati S, Hoxha M, Spiro A, Weisskopf MG, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA. Long-term exposure to black carbon, cognition and single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA processing genes in older men. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 88:86-93. [PMID: 26724585 PMCID: PMC4755894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution exposure has been linked to impaired cognitive aging, but little is known about biomarkers modifying this association. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression and neuronal programming. miRNA levels vary due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes processing miRNAs from precursor molecules. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether SNPs in miRNA-processing genes are associated with cognition and modify the relationship between black carbon (BC), marker of traffic-related pollution, and cognitive functions. METHODS 533 Normative Aging Study men (mean±SD 72±7years) were tested ≤4 times (mean=1.7 times) using seven cognitive tests between 1995 and 2007. We tested interactions of 16 miRNA-related SNPs with 1-year average BC from a validated land-use-regression model. We used covariate-adjusted logistic regression for low (≤25) Mini-Mental tate Examination (MMSE) and mixed-effect regression for a global cognitive score combining six other tests. RESULTS Global cognition was negatively associated with the homozygous minor variant of rs595961 AGO1 (-0.42SD; 95%CI: (-0.71, -0.13)) relative to the major variant. BC-MMSE association was stronger in heterozygous carriers of rs11077 XPO5 (OR=1.99; 95%CI: (1.39, 2.85)) and minor variant carriers of GEMIN4 rs2740348 (OR=1.34; 95%CI: (1.05, 1.7)), compared to their major variant. The BC-global-cognition association was stronger in heterozygous carriers of GEMIN4 rs4968104 (-0.10SD; 95%CI: (-0.18, -0.02)), and GEMIN4 rs910924 (-0.09SD; 95%CI: (-0.17, -0.02)) relative to the major variant. Blood miRNA expression analyses showed associations only of XPO5 rs11077 with miR-9 and miR-96. CONCLUSIONS Carriers of particular miRNA-processing SNPs had higher susceptibility to BC in BC-cognition associations, possibly due to influences on miRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Giulia Giuliano
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Melinda C Power
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Johanna Lepeule
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Elissa H Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kasey J M Brennan
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Serena Fossati
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milano, Italy; Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine, Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 33, 20122 Milano, Italy.
| | - Avron Spiro
- VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pan X, Hou R, Ma A, Wang T, Wu M, Zhu X, Yang S, Xiao X. Atorvastatin Upregulates the Expression of miR-126 in Apolipoprotein E-knockout Mice with Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:29-36. [PMID: 26886754 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the carotid arterial wall, which is very important in terms of the occurrence of cerebral vascular accidents. Studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes are involved in the formation of atherosclerosis and that atorvastatin might reduce atherosclerotic plaques by regulating the expression of miRNAs. However, the related mechanism is not yet known. In this study, we first investigated the effects of atorvastatin on miR-126 and its target gene, i.e., vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice with carotid atherosclerotic plaque in vivo. We compared the expressions of miR-126 and VCAM-1 between the control, atherosclerotic model and atorvastatin treatment groups of ApoE-/- mice using RT-PCR and Western blot. We found the miR-126 expression was significantly down-regulated, and the VCAM-1 expression was significantly up-regulated in the atherosclerotic model group, which accelerated the progression of atherosclerosis in the ApoE-/- mice. These results following atorvastatin treatment indicated that miR-126 expression was significantly up-regulated, VCAM-1 expression was significantly down-regulated and atherosclerotic lesions were reduced. The present results might explain the mechanism by which miR-126 is involved in the formation of atherosclerosis in vivo. Our study first indicated that atorvastatin might exert its anti-inflammatory effects in atherosclerosis by regulating the expressions of miR-126 and VCAM-1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Wu
- Laboratory of Human Micromorphology, the Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaonan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Guven-Ozkan T, Busto GU, Schutte SS, Cervantes-Sandoval I, O'Dowd DK, Davis RL. MiR-980 Is a Memory Suppressor MicroRNA that Regulates the Autism-Susceptibility Gene A2bp1. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1698-1709. [PMID: 26876166 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been associated with many different biological functions, but little is known about their roles in conditioned behavior. We demonstrate that Drosophila miR-980 is a memory suppressor gene functioning in multiple regions of the adult brain. Memory acquisition and stability were both increased by miR-980 inhibition. Whole cell recordings and functional imaging experiments indicated that miR-980 regulates neuronal excitability. We identified the autism susceptibility gene, A2bp1, as an mRNA target for miR-980. A2bp1 levels varied inversely with miR-980 expression; memory performance was directly related to A2bp1 levels. In addition, A2bp1 knockdown reversed the memory gains produced by miR-980 inhibition, consistent with A2bp1 being a downstream target of miR-980 responsible for the memory phenotypes. Our results indicate that miR-980 represses A2bp1 expression to tune the excitable state of neurons, and the overall state of excitability translates to memory impairment or improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Guven-Ozkan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Germain U Busto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Soleil S Schutte
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | | | - Diane K O'Dowd
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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238
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Ma Q, Dasgupta C, Li Y, Bajwa NM, Xiong F, Harding B, Hartman R, Zhang L. Inhibition of microRNA-210 provides neuroprotection in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:202-12. [PMID: 26875527 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is associated with high neonatal mortality and severe long-term neurologic morbidity. Yet the mechanisms of brain injury in infants with HIE remain largely elusive. The present study determined a novel mechanism of microRNA-210 (miR-210) in silencing endogenous neuroprotection and increasing hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. The study further revealed a potential therapeutic effect of miR-210 inhibition using complementary locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides (miR-210-LNA) in 10-day-old neonatal rats in the Rice-Vannucci model. The underlying mechanisms were investigated with intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v) of miR-210 mimic, miR-210-LNA, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist and antagonist. Luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted for identification of miR-210 targeting GR 3'untranslated region. The results showed that the HI treatment significantly increased miR-210 levels in the brain, and miR-210 mimic significantly decreased GR protein abundance and exacerbated HI brain injury in the pups. MiR-210-LNA administration via i.c.v. 4h after the HI insult significantly decreased brain miR-210 levels, increased GR protein abundance, reduced HI-induced neuronal death and brain infarct size, and improved long-term neurological function recovery. Of importance, the intranasal delivery of miR-210-LNA 4h after the HI insult produced similar effects in decreasing HI-induced neonatal brain injury and improving neurological function later in life. Altogether, the present study provides evidence of a novel mechanism of miR-210 in a neonatal HI brain injury model, and suggests a potential therapeutic approach of miR-210 inhibition in the treatment of neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Nikita M Bajwa
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Fuxia Xiong
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Harding
- Department of Neonatology, Loma Linda University Children's Hospital, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Richard Hartman
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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239
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Liu XS, Chopp M, Pan WL, Wang XL, Fan BY, Zhang Y, Kassis H, Zhang RL, Zhang XM, Zhang ZG. MicroRNA-146a Promotes Oligodendrogenesis in Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:227-237. [PMID: 26738853 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stroke induces new myelinating oligodendrocytes that are involved in ischemic brain repair. Molecular mechanisms that regulate oligodendrogenesis have not been fully investigated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. MiR-146a has been reported to regulate immune response, but the role of miR-146a in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) remains unknown. Adult Wistar rats were subjected to the right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). In situ hybridization analysis with LNA probes against miR-146a revealed that stroke considerably increased miR-146a density in the corpus callosum and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle of the ischemic hemisphere. In vitro, overexpression of miR-146a in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) significantly increased their differentiation into O4+ OPCs. Overexpression of miR-146a in primary OPCs increased their expression of myelin proteins, whereas attenuation of endogenous miR-146a suppressed generation of myelin proteins. MiR-146a also inversely regulated its target gene-IRAK1 expression in OPCs. Attenuation of IRAK1 in OPCs substantially increased myelin proteins and decreased OPC apoptosis. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-146a may mediate stroke-induced oligodendrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Wan Long Pan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.,Medical Imaging Institute of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China, 637100
| | - Xin Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Bao Yan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Haifa Kassis
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Rui Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Xiao Ming Zhang
- Medical Imaging Institute of North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China, 637100
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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240
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Linares AJ, Lin CH, Damianov A, Adams KL, Novitch BG, Black DL. The splicing regulator PTBP1 controls the activity of the transcription factor Pbx1 during neuronal differentiation. eLife 2015; 4:e09268. [PMID: 26705333 PMCID: PMC4755740 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding proteins PTBP1 and PTBP2 control programs of alternative splicing during neuronal development. PTBP2 was found to maintain embryonic splicing patterns of many synaptic and cytoskeletal proteins during differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) into early neurons. However, the role of the earlier PTBP1 program in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and NPCs was not clear. We show that PTBP1 controls a program of neuronal gene expression that includes the transcription factor Pbx1. We identify exons specifically regulated by PTBP1 and not PTBP2 as mouse ESCs differentiate into NPCs. We find that PTBP1 represses Pbx1 exon 7 and the expression of the neuronal Pbx1a isoform in ESCs. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete regulatory elements for exon 7, we induce Pbx1a expression in ESCs, finding that this activates transcription of neuronal genes. Thus, PTBP1 controls the activity of Pbx1 to suppress its neuronal transcriptional program prior to induction of NPC development. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09268.001 The neurons that transmit information around the nervous system develop in several stages. Embryonic stem cells specialize to form neuronal progenitor cells, which then develop into neurons. These cell types have different characteristics, in part because they make different proteins or different versions of the same proteins. To make a protein, the DNA sequence of a gene is used to build a molecule of ribonucleic acid (RNA) that acts as a template for the protein. However, not all of this sequence codes for the protein. The non-coding regions must be removed from the RNA, and the remaining “exons” joined together to form the final “mRNA” template. Not all of the exons are necessarily included in the final mRNA molecule. By joining together different combinations of exons, several different versions of a protein can be produced from a single gene. This process is known as alternative splicing. One way that alternative splicing is controlled is through proteins that bind to RNA and determine which exons are included or excluded from the final mRNA molecule. PTBP1 is an RNA-binding protein that controls alternative splicing in embryonic stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells. Embryonic stem cells have the ability to develop into all the cells of the body. In contrast, neuronal progenitor cells are restricted in their development and only give rise to specialized cells of the nervous system. The role of PTBP1 in these properties was not clear. Linares et al. have now used a range of techniques to study the RNA molecules produced in these two cell types and how these RNAs change when PTBP1 is removed. This identified many RNAs whose splicing is regulated by PTBP1, including mRNAs of the gene that produces a protein called Pbx1, which is an important regulator of neuronal development. Further investigation revealed that PTBP1 prevents a particular exon being included in the mRNA template for Pbx1. This creates an embryonic stem cell form of Pbx1 that does not affect neuronal genes. Removal of PTBP1 allows splicing of the Pbx1 exon and produces a version of Pbx1 that is found in neuronal progenitor cells and which turns on neuronal genes. Thus, through its action on Pbx1, one role of PTBP1 is to enable stem cells to maintain their non-neuronal properties and prevent their premature development into neuronal progenitor cells. The gene for Pbx1 is only one of many genes controlled by PTBP1 at the level of splicing. One challenge for the future will be to understand how these genes work together in a common program that determines the properties of stem cells. Another question regards how the different Pbx1 proteins in stem cells and in neuronal progenitors can exert different effects in the cells where they are made. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09268.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Linares
- Molecular Biology Institute Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Andrey Damianov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Katrina L Adams
- Molecular Biology Institute Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
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241
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Wiberg R, Jonsson S, Novikova LN, Kingham PJ. Investigation of the Expression of Myogenic Transcription Factors, microRNAs and Muscle-Specific E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in the Medial Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles following Peripheral Nerve Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142699. [PMID: 26691660 PMCID: PMC4686181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite surgical innovation, the sensory and motor outcome after a peripheral nerve injury remains incomplete. One contributing factor to the poor outcome is prolonged denervation of the target organ, leading to apoptosis of both mature myofibres and satellite cells with subsequent replacement of the muscle tissue with fibrotic scar and adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the expression of myogenic transcription factors, muscle specific microRNAs and muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases at several time points following denervation in two different muscles, the gastrocnemius (containing predominantly fast type fibres) and soleus (slow type) muscles, since these molecules may influence the degree of atrophy following denervation. Both muscles exhibited significant atrophy (compared with the contra-lateral sides) at 7 days following either a nerve transection or crush injury. In the crush model, the soleus muscle showed significantly increased muscle weights at days 14 and 28 which was not the case for the gastrocnemius muscle which continued to atrophy. There was a significantly more pronounced up-regulation of MyoD expression in the denervated soleus muscle compared with the gastrocnemius muscle. Conversely, myogenin was more markedly elevated in the gastrocnemius versus soleus muscles. The muscles also showed significantly contrasting transcriptional regulation of the microRNAs miR-1 and miR-206. MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 showed the highest levels of expression in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle. This study provides further insights regarding the intracellular regulatory molecules that generate and maintain distinct patterns of gene expression in different fibre types following peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Samuel Jonsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Liudmila N. Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J. Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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242
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Kim B, Kim MK, Kim SW, Kim KM, Kim HS, An HJ, Kim JO, Choi TK, Kim NK, Lee SH. Association of human microRNAs miR-22 and miR-491 polymorphisms with panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in a Korean population. J Affect Disord 2015; 188:118-26. [PMID: 26361067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNA) in psychiatric disorders has been recently recognized. Several miRNA polymorphisms have been found to be associated with panic disorder (PD) in European populations. However, the association of miRNA polymorphisms on PD has not been reported in Asian populations. We evaluated the effect of miR-22 and miR-491 polymorphisms on susceptibility to PD in a Korean population. METHODS Genotyping for four polymorphic variants of the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) regions of miR-22 (rs8076112 and rs6502892) and miR-491 (rs4977831 and rs2039391) was performed using blood samples of 341 Korean patients with PD and 229 healthy control subjects. To evaluate PD phenotypes, the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) and Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised (ASI-R) were administered. RESULTS Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be associated with PD: rs8076112 miR-22 and rs4977831 and miR-491 rs2039391. The rs8076112C/rs6502892C haplotypes of miR-22 and rs4977831G/rs2039391G and rs4977831A/rs2039391A haplotypes of miR-491 were significantly overrepresented in patients with PD than in healthy control subjects. In combination analysis, miR-22 rs8076112AC/rs6502892CC and rs8076112CC/rs6502892CC and miR-491 rs4977831AG/rs2039391AA were more frequent in patients with PD. Among the phenotype assessments, ASI-R scores were significantly associated with miR-22 rs6502892 in the subgroup with the agoraphobic phenotype. LIMITATIONS The results should be considered preliminary due to the relatively small sample size and the selection of only four SNPs. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to show possible associations of miR-22 and miR-491 with genetic susceptibility to PD in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong An
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung O Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Kiu Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, Republic of Korea.
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243
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MicroRNA miR124 is required for the expression of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10045. [PMID: 26620774 PMCID: PMC4686673 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a compensatory response to alterations in neuronal activity. Chronic deprivation of neuronal activity results in an increase in synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and postsynaptic currents. The biogenesis of GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) plays a crucial role in the homeostatic response; however, the mechanisms leading to CP-AMPAR formation remain unclear. Here we show that the microRNA, miR124, is required for the generation of CP-AMPARs and homeostatic plasticity. miR124 suppresses GluA2 expression via targeting its 3′-UTR, leading to the formation of CP-AMPARs. Blockade of miR124 function abolishes the homeostatic response, whereas miR124 overexpression leads to earlier induction of homeostatic plasticity. miR124 transcription is controlled by an inhibitory transcription factor EVI1, acting by association with the deacetylase HDAC1. Our data support a cellular cascade in which inactivity relieves EVI1/HDAC-mediated inhibition of miR124 gene transcription, resulting in enhanced miR124 expression, formation of CP-AMPARs and subsequent induction of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors are known to play a role in homeostatic plasticity. Here, the authors show that spiking activity blockade disinhibits mir124 transcription, which in turn suppresses GluA2 mRNA translation, thereby contributing to synaptic upscaling in hippocampal cells.
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244
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Heyer MP, Kenny PJ. Corticostriatal microRNAs in addiction. Brain Res 2015; 1628:2-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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245
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Hou W, Li H, Jiang W, Zhang C, McNutt MA, Li G. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Impacts MicroRNA-16 Mediated Post-Transcriptional Regulation of mu Opioid Receptor in CEM ×174 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:84-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Michael A McNutt
- Department of Pathology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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246
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Saghazadeh A, Rezaei N. MicroRNA machinery in Parkinson's disease: a platform for neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 22:427-453. [PMID: 26574782 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that recognize their protein-coding target genes and whereby subjugate them after transcription. Despite the infancy of this field of science, the role of miRNAs in neurodegeneration is well-acknowledged. This review was conducted to indicate that Parkinson's disease (PD) is not excluded from this rule. To this end, we evaluated the existing literature and arranged PD-associated miRNAs according to their mechanism of action, particularly apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. According to this arrangement, a majority of PD-associated miRNAs were indicated to influence autophagic/apoptotic pathways. We also categorized PD-associated miRNAs according to that they could exert detrimental or beneficial or both into three sets, activator, inhibitor, and double-edged, correspondingly. Considering this criterion, a majority of PD-associated miRNAs were included in the activator category. In addition, evidences from genetic association studies investigating genetic variants of or related to miRNAs in PD patients are presented. Finally, possible applications of the miRNA machinery in PD, including mechanistic networks, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potentials, are discussed. But there may be additional miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of PD which have hitherto remained unknown and thus further studies are needed to explore the issue and to extend this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amene Saghazadeh
- a Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- a Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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247
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Weinberg RB, Mufson EJ, Counts SE. Evidence for a neuroprotective microRNA pathway in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:430. [PMID: 26594146 PMCID: PMC4633499 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate mRNA stability have been linked to amyloid production, tau phosphorylation, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether cerebral miRNA networks are dysregulated during the earliest stages of AD remains underexplored. We performed miRNA expression analysis using frontal cortex tissue harvested from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, a putative prodromal AD stage), or mild AD. Analysis revealed that the miRNA clusters miR-212/132 and miR-23a/23b were down-regulated in the frontal cortex of aMCI subjects. Both miR-212/132 and miR23a/b are predicted to destabilize the message for sirtuin 1 (sirt1); hence, down-regulation of either miR-212/132 or miR-23a/b in frontal cortex should promote sirt1 mRNA expression in this region. qPCR studies revealed that frontal cortex levels of sirt1 were increased in aMCI. Given the ability of frontal cortex to respond to the onset of dementia by neuronal reorganization, these data suggest that miRNA-mediated up-regulation of the sirt1 pathway represents a compensatory response to the onset of the disease. By contrast, qPCR analysis of inferior temporal cortex, an area affected early in the progression of AD, showed no changes in miR-212/132, miR-23a/b, or sirt1 transcripts in the same aMCI subjects. In vitro mechanistic studies showed that coordinated down-regulation of miR-212 and miR-23a increased sirt1 protein expression and provided neuroprotection from β-amyloid toxicity in human neuronal cells. Taken together, these data suggest a novel miRNA-mediated neuroprotective pathway activated during the progression of AD that may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Weinberg
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Scott E. Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State UniversityGrand Rapids, MI, USA
- Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's HospitalGrand Rapids, MI, USA
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Srivastava A, Dixit AB, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Sarat Chandra P. Role of inflammation and its miRNA based regulation in epilepsy: Implications for therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 452:1-9. [PMID: 26506013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to develop innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract epilepsy, a common disabling neurological disorder. Despite the recent advent of additional antiepileptic drugs and respective surgery, the treatment of epilepsy remains a major challenge. The available therapies are largely based on symptoms, and these approaches do not affect the underlying disease processes and are also associated frequently with severe side effects. This is mainly because of the lack of well-defined targets in epilepsy. The discovery that inflammatory mediators significantly contribute to the onset and recurrence of seizures in experimental seizure models, as well as the presence of inflammatory molecules in human epileptogenic tissue, highlights the possibility of targeting specific inflammation related pathways to control seizures that are otherwise resistant to the available AEDs. Emerging studies suggest that miRNAs have a significant role in regulating inflammatory pathways shown to be involved in epilepsy. These miRNAs can possibly be used as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of epilepsy as well as serve as diagnostic biomarkers of epileptogenesis. This review highlights the immunological features underlying the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures and the possible miRNA mediated approaches for drug resistant epilepsies that modulate the immune-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpna Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Center of Excellence for Epilepsy, A joint NBRC-AIIMS collaboration, NBRC, Manesar, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Center of Excellence for Epilepsy, A joint NBRC-AIIMS collaboration, NBRC, Manesar, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sarat Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Pan Y, Liu R, Terpstra E, Wang Y, Qiao F, Wang J, Tong Y, Pan B. Dysregulation and Diagnostic Potential of microRNA in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 49:1-12. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-150451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqian Pan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ruizhu Liu
- China-Japan Union Hospital Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Erin Terpstra
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Fangfang Qiao
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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250
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Yu B, Zhou S, Yi S, Gu X. The regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in nerve injury and regeneration. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 134:122-39. [PMID: 26432164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have attracted much attention since their regulatory roles in diverse cell processes were recognized. Emerging studies demonstrate that many ncRNAs are differentially expressed after injury to the nervous system, significantly affecting nerve regeneration. In this review, we compile the miRNAs and lncRNAs that have been reported to be dysregulated following a variety of central and peripheral nerve injuries, including acquired brain injury, spinal cord injury, and peripheral nerve injury. We also list investigations on how these miRNAs and lncRNAs exert the regulatory actions in neurodegenerative and neuroregenerative processes through different mechanisms involving their interaction with target coding genes. We believe that comprehension of the expression profiles and the possible functions of ncRNAs during the processes of nerve injury and regeneration will help understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for post-nerve-injury changes, and may contribute to the potential use of ncRNAs as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, JS 226001, China.
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