201
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Neurons undergo pathogenic metabolic reprogramming in models of familial ALS. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101468. [PMID: 35248787 PMCID: PMC8958550 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Our work is the first to perform a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of intermediary metabolism in neurons in the setting of fALS causing gene products. Because the cardinal feature of ALS is death of motor neurons, these new studies are directly relevant to the pathogenesis of ALS. Our functional interrogations begin to unpack how metabolic re-wiring is induced by fALS genes and it will be very interesting, in the future, to gain insight in amino acid fueling of the TCA cycle. We suspect pleiotropic effects of amino acid fueling, and this may lead to very targeted therapeutic interventions.
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202
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Pavlova NN, Zhu J, Thompson CB. The hallmarks of cancer metabolism: Still emerging. Cell Metab 2022; 34:355-377. [PMID: 35123658 PMCID: PMC8891094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of cancer cells is geared toward biomass production and proliferation. Since the metabolic resources within the local tissue are finite, this can lead to nutrient depletion and accumulation of metabolic waste. To maintain growth in these conditions, cancer cells employ a variety of metabolic adaptations, the nature of which is collectively determined by the physiology of their cell of origin, the identity of transforming lesions, and the tissue in which cancer cells reside. Furthermore, select metabolites not only serve as substrates for energy and biomass generation, but can also regulate gene and protein expression and influence the behavior of non-transformed cells in the tumor vicinity. As they grow and metastasize, tumors can also affect and be affected by the nutrient distribution within the body. In this hallmark update, recent advances are incorporated into a conceptual framework that may help guide further research efforts in exploring cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya N Pavlova
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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203
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黄 培, 贾 小, 赵 蕾, 周 学, 徐 欣. [Research Updates: Relationship between Gingival Epithelial Intercellular Junctions and Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2022; 53:214-219. [PMID: 35332720 PMCID: PMC10409357 DOI: 10.12182/20220360201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gingival epithelial barrier is the first line of defense of periodontal tissues against the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The destruction of gingival epithelial barrier is closely related to the development of periodontal disease. Studies have shown that periodontal pathogenic bacteria and their inflammatory microenvironment can inhibit the expression of gingival epithelial junctional proteins via molecular mechanisms such as the downregulation of the expression of grainyhead-like protein family and the upregulation of the methylation level of gene promoter of epithelial connexin, and thus cause damage to the gingival epithelial barrier and the development of periodontitis. We herein reviewed the effects of bacteria and inflammatory factors induced by bacterial infection on gingival epithelial intercellular junctions and related mechanisms, and summarized the research progress on the relationship between gingival epithelial intercellular junctions and periodontal pathogenic bacteria in recent years. Most recent studies were focused on i n vitro cytological experiments and animal models of infections caused by a single kind of bacterium. We have suggested that building gingival epithelial organoid model and combining multi-omics approaches with high resolution three-dimensional electron microscopy are expected to help pinpoint the key microorganisms and their most important virulence factors that trigger periodontal microecologcal imbalance and cause functional damage to the gingival epithelial barrier, to reveal the key molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance and destruction of gingival epithelial barrier function, and to provide new perspectives on the pathogenesis and the clinical prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 培勍 黄
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 小玥 贾
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 蕾 赵
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 学东 周
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 欣 徐
- 口腔疾病研究国家重点实验室 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 四川大学华西口腔医院 牙体牙髓病科 (成都 610041)State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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204
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Pessoa J, Teixeira J. Cytoskeleton alterations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2022; 128:155115. [PMID: 34974078 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.155115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its extremely high prevalence and severity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) is a serious health and economic concern worldwide. Developing effective methods of diagnosis and therapy demands a deeper understanding of its molecular basis. One of the strategies in such an endeavor is the analysis of alterations in the morphology of liver cells. Such alterations, widely reported in NAFLD patients and disease models, are related to the cytoskeleton. Therefore, the fate of the cytoskeleton components is useful to uncover the molecular basis of NAFLD, to further design innovative approaches for its diagnosis and therapy. MAIN FINDINGS Several cytoskeleton proteins are up-regulated in liver cells of NAFLD patients. Under pathological conditions, keratin 18 is released from hepatocytes and its detection in the blood emerges as a non-invasive diagnosis tool. α-Smooth muscle actin is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells and its down-regulation has been widely tested as a potential NALFD therapeutic approach. Other cytoskeleton proteins, such as vimentin, are also up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD progression involves alterations in expression levels of proteins that build the liver cytoskeleton or associate with it. These findings provide a timely opportunity of developing novel approaches for NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pessoa
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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205
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Falleroni F, Bocchero U, Mortal S, Li Y, Ye Z, Cojoc D, Torre V. Mechanotransduction in hippocampal neurons operates under localized low picoNewton forces. iScience 2022; 25:103807. [PMID: 35198872 PMCID: PMC8851107 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence suggesting that mechanical properties of CNS neurons may play an important regulatory role in cellular processes. Here, we employ an oscillatory optical tweezers (OOT) to exert a local indentation with forces in the range of 5–50 pN. We found that single local indentation above a threshold of 13 ± 1 pN evokes a transient intracellular calcium change, whereas repeated mechanical stimulations induce a more sustained and variable calcium response. Importantly, neurons were able to differentiate the magnitude of mechanical stimuli. Chemical perturbation and whole-cell patch clamp recordings suggest that mechanically evoked response requires the influx of extracellular calcium through transmembrane ion channels. Moreover, we observed a mechanically evoked activation of the CAMKII and small G protein RhoA. These results all together suggest that mechanical signaling among developed neurons fully operates in neuronal networks under physiological conditions. Hippocampal neurons are mechanically adapted to forces in the picoNewton range Localized compressive mechanical stimuli in the range of 13–50 pN lead to Ca2+ influx The evoked Ca2+ neuronal response is differentiated by the magnitude of the force The subsequent mechanotransduction pathway involves the activation of CAMKII and RhoA
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Falleroni
- Technische Universitat Munchen Fakultat fur Physik (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany.,Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ulisse Bocchero
- National Eye Institute (NEI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Mortal
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yunzhen Li
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Zhongjie Ye
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dan Cojoc
- Institute of Materials (IOM-CNR), Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincent Torre
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy.,Institute of Materials (IOM-CNR), Area Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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206
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Bileck A, Bortel P, Kriz M, Janker L, Kiss E, Gerner C, Del Favero G. Inward Outward Signaling in Ovarian Cancer: Morpho-Phospho-Proteomic Profiling Upon Application of Hypoxia and Shear Stress Characterizes the Adaptive Plasticity of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 11:746411. [PMID: 35251951 PMCID: PMC8896345 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With the onset of resistance, ovarian cancer cells display almost unpredictable adaptive potential. This may derive from the tumor genetic ancestry and can be additionally tailored by post translational protein modifications (PTMs). In this study, we took advantage of high-end (phospho)-proteome analysis combined with multiparametric morphometric profiling in high-grade serous (OVCAR-3) and non-serous (SKOV-3) ovarian carcinoma cells. For functional experiments, we applied two different protocols, representing typical conditions of the abdominal cavity and of the growing tumor tissue: on the one side hypoxia (oxygen 1%) which develops within the tumor mass or is experienced during migration/extravasation in non-vascularized areas. On the other hand, fluid shear stress (250 rpm, 2.8 dyn/cm2) which affects tumor surface in the peritoneum or metastases in the bloodstream. After 3 hours incubation, treatment groups were clearly distinguishable by PCA analysis. Whereas basal proteome profiles of OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3 cells appeared almost unchanged, phosphoproteome analysis revealed multiple regulatory events. These affected primarily cellular structure and proliferative potential and consolidated in the proteome signature after 24h treatment. Upon oxygen reduction, metabolism switched toward glycolysis (e.g. upregulation hexokinase-2; HK2) and cell size increased, in concerted regulation of pathways related to Rho-GTPases and/or cytoskeletal elements, resembling a vasculogenic mimicry response. Shear stress regulated proteins governing cell cycle and structure, as well as the lipid metabolism machinery including the delta(14)-sterol reductase, kinesin-like proteins (KIF-22/20A) and the actin-related protein 2/3 complex. Independent microscopy-based validation experiments confirmed cell-type specific morphometric responses. In conclusion, we established a robust workflow enabling the description of the adaptive potential of ovarian cancer cells to physical and chemical stressors typical for the abdominal cavity and supporting the identification of novel molecular mechanisms sustaining tumor plasticity and pharmacologic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Bortel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Kriz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Del Favero, ; Christopher Gerner,
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Giorgia Del Favero, ; Christopher Gerner,
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207
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Gill JG, Leef SN, Ramesh V, Martin-Sandoval MS, Rao AD, West L, Muh S, Gu W, Zhao Z, Hosler GA, Vandergriff TW, Durham AB, Mathews TP, Aurora AB. A short isoform of spermatogenic enzyme GAPDHS functions as a metabolic switch and limits metastasis in melanoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1251-1266. [PMID: 35149585 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the leading cause of cancer deaths, metastasis remains a poorly understood process. To identify novel regulators of metastasis in melanoma, we performed a large-scale RNA-sequencing screen of 48 samples from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) subcutaneous melanomas and their associated metastases. In comparison to primary tumors, expression of glycolytic genes was frequently decreased in metastases while expression of some TCA cycle genes was increased in metastases. Consistent with these transcriptional changes, melanoma metastases underwent a metabolic switch characterized by decreased levels of glycolytic metabolites and increased abundance of TCA cycle metabolites. A short isoform of glyceraldehye-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, spermatogenic (GAPDHS) lacking the N-terminal domain suppressed metastasis and regulated this metabolic switch. GAPDHS was downregulated in metastatic nodules from PDX models as well as in human patients. Overexpression of GAPDHS was sufficient to block melanoma metastasis, while its inhibition promoted metastasis, decreased glycolysis, and increased levels of certain TCA cycle metabolites and their derivatives including citrate, fumarate, malate, and aspartate. Isotope tracing studies indicated that GADPHS mediates this shift through changes in pyruvate carboxylase activity and aspartate synthesis, both metabolic pathways critical for cancer survival and metastasis. Together these data identify a short isoform of GAPDHS that limits melanoma metastasis and regulates central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Gill
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, Texas
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Samantha N Leef
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vijayashree Ramesh
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Misty S Martin-Sandoval
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Aparna D Rao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lindsey West
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sarah Muh
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wen Gu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhiyu Zhao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gregory A Hosler
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, Texas
- ProPath Dermatopathology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Travis W Vandergriff
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alison B Durham
- University of Michigan, Department of Dermatology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Arin B Aurora
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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208
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van Riet S, van Schadewijk A, Khedoe PPSJ, Limpens RWAL, Bárcena M, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS, van der Does AM. Organoid-based Expansion of Patient-Derived Primary Alveolar Type-2 Cells for Establishment of Alveolus Epithelial Lung-Chip Cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L526-L538. [PMID: 35137633 PMCID: PMC8957343 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00153.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of effective treatment strategies for lung tissue destruction as seen in emphysema would greatly benefit from representative human in vitro models of the alveolar compartment. Studying how cellular cross-talk and/or (altered) biomechanical cues affect alveolar epithelial function could provide new insight for tissue repair strategies. Preclinical models of the alveolus ideally combine human primary patient-derived lung cells with advanced cell culture applications such as breathing-related stretch, to reliably represent the alveolar microenvironment. To test the feasibility of such a model, we isolated primary alveolar type-2 cells (AEC2) from patient-derived lung tissues including those from patients with severe emphysema, using magnetic bead-based selection of cells expressing the AEC2 marker HTII-280. We obtained pure alveolar feeder-free organoid cultures using a minimally modified commercial medium. This was confirmed by known AEC2 markers as well as by detection of lamellar bodies using electron microscopy. Following (organoid-based) expansion, cells were seeded on both cell culture inserts and the Chip-S1® Organ-Chip that has a flexible PDMS membrane enabling the application of dynamic stretch. AEC2 cultured for 7 days on inserts or the chip maintained expression of HTII-280, pro-surfactant protein C (SP-C), SP-A and SP-B and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) also in the presence of stretch. AEC2 cultured on the chip showed lower expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related vimentin expression compared to static cultures on inserts. The combination of a straightforward culture method of patient-derived AEC2 and their application in microfluidic chip cultures, supports successful development of more representative human preclinical models of the (diseased) alveolar compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander van Riet
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - P Padmini S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald W A L Limpens
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Bárcena
- Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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209
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Torrino S, Bertero T. Metabo-reciprocity in cell mechanics: feeling the demands/feeding the demand. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:624-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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210
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Xu J, Xu X, Li X, He S, Li D, Ji B. Cellular mechanics of wound formation in single cell layer under cyclic stretching. Biophys J 2022; 121:288-299. [PMID: 34902328 PMCID: PMC8790211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds can be produced when cells and tissues are subjected to excessive forces, for instance, under pathological conditions or nonphysiological loading. However, the cellular behaviors in the wound formation process are not clear. Here we tested the behaviors of wound formation in the epithelial layer with an in-suit uniaxial stretching device. We found that the wound often nucleates at the position where the cells are dividing. The polarization direction of cells near the wound is preferentially along the wound edge, whereas the cells far from the wound are preferentially perpendicular to the stretching direction. The larger the wound area is, the higher is the aspect ratio of the cells around the wound. Increasing the cell density will strengthen the cell layer. The higher the cell density is, the smaller is the area of the wounds, and the weaker is the effect of stretching on the polarization of the cells. Furthermore, we built a coarse-grained cell model that can explicitly consider the elasticity and viscoelasticity of cells, cell-cell interaction, and cell active stress, by which we simulated the wound formation process and quantitatively analyzed the force and stress fields in the cell layer, particularly around the wound. These analyses reveal the cellular mechanisms of wound formation behaviors in the cell layer under stretching and shed useful light on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China,Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie He
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dechang Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Corresponding author
| | - Baohua Ji
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China,Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Corresponding author
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211
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Marques-Magalhães Â, Cruz T, Costa ÂM, Estêvão D, Rios E, Canão PA, Velho S, Carneiro F, Oliveira MJ, Cardoso AP. Decellularized Colorectal Cancer Matrices as Bioactive Scaffolds for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020359. [PMID: 35053521 PMCID: PMC8773780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a physical structure providing support to tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules that modulates the behavior of both cancer cells and associated stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the last few years, several efforts have been made to develop new models that accurately mimic the interconnections within the TME and specifically the biomechanical and biomolecular complexity of the tumor ECM. Particularly in colorectal cancer, the ECM is highly remodeled and disorganized and constitutes a key component that affects cancer hallmarks, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, several scaffolds produced from natural and/or synthetic polymers and ceramics have been used in 3D biomimetic strategies for colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, decellularized ECM from colorectal tumors is a unique model that offers the maintenance of native ECM architecture and molecular composition. This review will focus on innovative and advanced 3D-based models of decellularized ECM as high-throughput strategies in colorectal cancer research that potentially fill some of the gaps between in vitro 2D and in vivo models. Our aim is to highlight the need for strategies that accurately mimic the TME for precision medicine and for studying the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Marques-Magalhães
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cruz
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Estêvão
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Amoroso Canão
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-607-4900
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212
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Pothapragada SP, Gupta P, Mukherjee S, Das T. Matrix mechanics regulates epithelial defence against cancer by tuning dynamic localization of filamin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:218. [PMID: 35017535 PMCID: PMC8752856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelia, normal cells recognize and extrude out newly emerged transformed cells by competition. This process is the most fundamental epithelial defence against cancer, whose occasional failure promotes oncogenesis. However, little is known about what factors determine the success or failure of this defence. Here we report that mechanical stiffening of extracellular matrix attenuates the epithelial defence against HRasV12-transformed cells. Using photoconversion labelling, protein tracking, and loss-of-function mutations, we attribute this attenuation to stiffening-induced perinuclear sequestration of a cytoskeletal protein, filamin. On soft matrix mimicking healthy epithelium, filamin exists as a dynamically single population, which moves to the normal cell-transformed cell interface to initiate the extrusion of transformed cells. However, on stiff matrix mimicking fibrotic epithelium, filamin redistributes into two dynamically distinct populations, including a new perinuclear pool that cannot move to the cell-cell interface. A matrix stiffness-dependent differential between filamin-Cdc42 and filamin-perinuclear cytoskeleton interaction controls this distinctive filamin localization and hence, determines the success or failure of epithelial defence on soft versus stiff matrix. Together, our study reveals how pathological matrix stiffening leads to a failed epithelial defence at the initial stage of oncogenesis. Epithelial cells have the ability to competitively remove potentially cancerous cells from the tissue. Here the authors discover that pathological stiffening of extracellular matrix leads to the loss of this basic epithelial defence against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa P Pothapragada
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Praver Gupta
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India
| | - Soumi Mukherjee
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India.,Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tamal Das
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad (TIFR-H), Hyderabad, 500 046, India.
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213
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Illescas M, Peñas A, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by the Actin Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:795838. [PMID: 34993202 PMCID: PMC8725978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of actin cytoskeleton on mitochondrial function is a growing research field, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Specific actin-binding proteins (ABPs), such as Gelsolin, have also been shown to participate in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders through yet to be defined mechanisms. In this mini-review, we will summarize the experimental evidence supporting the fundamental roles of actin cytoskeleton and ABPs on mitochondrial trafficking, dynamics, biogenesis, metabolism and apoptosis, with a particular focus on Gelsolin involvement in mitochondrial disorders. The functional interplay between the actin cytoskeleton, ABPs and mitochondrial membranes for the regulation of cellular homeostasis thus emerges as a new exciting field for future research and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Illescas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Peñas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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214
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Abstract
Cells generate and sense mechanical forces that trigger biochemical signals to elicit cellular responses that control cell fate changes. Mechanical forces also physically distort neighboring cells and the surrounding connective tissue, which propagate mechanochemical signals over long distances to guide tissue patterning, organogenesis, and adult tissue homeostasis. As the largest and stiffest organelle, the nucleus is particularly sensitive to mechanical force and deformation. Nuclear responses to mechanical force include adaptations in chromatin architecture and transcriptional activity that trigger changes in cell state. These force-driven changes also influence the mechanical properties of chromatin and nuclei themselves to prevent aberrant alterations in nuclear shape and help maintain genome integrity. This review will discuss principles of nuclear mechanotransduction and chromatin mechanics and their role in DNA damage and cell fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
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215
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Lin J, Xia L, Oyang L, Liang J, Tan S, Wu N, Yi P, Pan Q, Rao S, Han Y, Tang Y, Su M, Luo X, Yang Y, Chen X, Yang L, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The POU2F1-ALDOA axis promotes the proliferation and chemoresistance of colon cancer cells by enhancing glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway activity. Oncogene 2022; 41:1024-1039. [PMID: 34997215 PMCID: PMC8837540 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming enhances its malignant behaviors and drug resistance, which is regulated by POU domain transcription factors. This study explored the effect of POU domain class 2 transcription factor 1 (POU2F1) on metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer. The POU2F1 expression was analyzed in GEO dataset, TCGA cohorts and human colon cancer tissues by bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry. The effects of altered POU2F1 expression on proliferation, glucose metabolism and oxaliplatin sensitivity of colon cancer cells were tested. The impacts of POU2F1 on aldolase A (ALDOA) expression and malignant behaviors of colon cancer cells were examined. We found that up-regulated POU2F1 expression was associated with worse prognosis and oxaliplatin resistance in colon cancer. POU2F1 enhanced the proliferation, aerobic glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, but reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in colon cancer cells, dependent on up-regulating ALDOA expression. Mechanistically, POU2F1 directly bound to the ALDOA promoter to enhance the ALDOA promoter activity in colon cancer cells. Moreover, activation of the POU2F1-ALDOA axis decreased the sensitivity to oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells. These data indicate that the POU2F1-ALDOA axis promotes the progression and oxaliplatin resistance by enhancing metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer. Our findings suggest that the POU2F1-ALDOA axis may be new therapeutic targets to overcome oxaliplatin resistance in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinguan Lin
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Linda Oyang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Shiming Tan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Nayiyuan Wu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Pin Yi
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan China
| | - Qing Pan
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China ,grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 Hunan China
| | - Shan Rao
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yaqian Han
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Min Su
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Xia Luo
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Lixia Yang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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216
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Li J, Shao J, Zeng Z, He Y, Tang C, Park SH, Lee JH, Liu R. Mechanosensitive turnover of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetases regulates nucleotide metabolism. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:206-217. [PMID: 34465890 PMCID: PMC8738752 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells coordinate their behaviors with the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Tumor cells frequently harbor an enhanced nucleotide synthesis, presumably to meet the increased demands for rapid proliferation. Nevertheless, how ECM rigidity regulates nucleotide metabolism remains elusive. Here we show that shift from stiff to soft matrix blunts glycolysis-derived nucleotide synthesis in tumor cells. Soft ECM results in TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)-dependent K29 ubiquitination and degradation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)1/2. Recruitment of TRAF2 to PRPS1/2 requires phosphorylation of PRPS1 S285 or PRPS2 T285, which is mediated by low stiffness-activated large tumor suppressor (LATS)1/2 kinases. Further, non-phosphoryable or non-ubiquitinatable PRPS1/2 mutations maintain PRPS1/2 expression and nucleotide synthesis at low stiffness, and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that PRPS1/2 stability and nucleotide metabolism is ECM rigidity-sensitive, and thereby highlight a regulatory cascade underlying mechanics-guided tumor metabolism reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- grid.464276.50000 0001 0381 3718The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China ,grid.413856.d0000 0004 1799 3643School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jichun Shao
- grid.464276.50000 0001 0381 3718The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- grid.464276.50000 0001 0381 3718The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumin He
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Tang
- grid.413856.d0000 0004 1799 3643School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Hwan Park
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea ,grid.255166.30000 0001 2218 7142Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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217
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Sun R, Kim AH. The multifaceted mechanisms of malignant glioblastoma progression and clinical implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:871-898. [PMID: 35920986 PMCID: PMC9758111 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the application of high throughput sequencing technologies at single-cell resolution, studies of the tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive and invasive of all cancers, have revealed immense cellular and tissue heterogeneity. A unique extracellular scaffold system adapts to and supports progressive infiltration and migration of tumor cells, which is characterized by altered composition, effector delivery, and mechanical properties. The spatiotemporal interactions between malignant and immune cells generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment, contributing to the failure of effective anti-tumor immune attack. Among the heterogeneous tumor cell subpopulations of glioblastoma, glioma stem cells (GSCs), which exhibit tumorigenic properties and strong invasive capacity, are critical for tumor growth and are believed to contribute to therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Here we discuss the role of extracellular matrix and immune cell populations, major components of the tumor ecosystem in glioblastoma, as well as signaling pathways that regulate GSC maintenance and invasion. We also highlight emerging advances in therapeutic targeting of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Albert H. Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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218
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den bossche VV, Zaryouh H, Vara-Messler M, Vignau J, Machiels JP, Wouters A, Schmitz S, Corbet C. Microenvironment-driven intratumoral heterogeneity in head and neck cancers: clinical challenges and opportunities for precision medicine. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 60:100806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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219
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Chung H, Oh S, Shin HW, Lee Y, Lee H, Seok SH. Matrix Stiffening Enhances DNCB-Induced IL-6 Secretion in Keratinocytes Through Activation of ERK and PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Immunol 2021; 12:759992. [PMID: 34858412 PMCID: PMC8631934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.759992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness, a critical physical property of the cellular environment, is implicated in epidermal homeostasis. In particular, matrix stiffening during the pathological progression of skin diseases appears to contribute to cellular responses of keratinocytes. However, it has not yet elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying matrix-stiffness-mediated signaling in coordination with chemical stimuli during inflammation and its effect on proinflammatory cytokine production. In this study, we demonstrated that keratinocytes adapt to matrix stiffening by increasing cell–matrix adhesion via actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Specifically, mechanosensing and signal transduction are coupled with chemical stimuli to regulate cytokine production, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production is elevated in keratinocytes on stiffer substrates in response to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. We demonstrated that β1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression were enhanced with increasing stiffness and activation of ERK and the PI3K/Akt pathway was involved in stiffening-mediated IL-6 production. Collectively, our results reveal the critical role of matrix stiffening in modulating the proinflammatory response of keratinocytes, with important clinical implications for skin diseases accompanied by pathological matrix stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Chung
- Macrophages Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Global Technology Center, Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd., Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunam Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyungsuk Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Macrophages Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Endemic Disease, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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220
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Zhu X, Jiang L, Long M, Wei X, Hou Y, Du Y. Metabolic Reprogramming and Renal Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:746920. [PMID: 34859009 PMCID: PMC8630632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.746920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several causes of chronic kidney disease, but all of these patients have renal fibrosis. Although many studies have examined the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, there are still no effective treatments. A healthy and balanced metabolism is necessary for normal cell growth, proliferation, and function, but metabolic abnormalities can lead to pathological changes. Normal energy metabolism is particularly important for maintaining the structure and function of the kidneys because they consume large amounts of energy. We describe the metabolic reprogramming that occurs during renal fibrosis, which includes changes in fatty acid metabolism and glucose metabolism, and the relationship of these changes with renal fibrosis. We also describe the potential role of novel drugs that disrupt this metabolic reprogramming and the development of fibrosis, and current and future challenges in the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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221
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Blaszczak W, Swietach P. What do cellular responses to acidity tell us about cancer? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1159-1176. [PMID: 34850320 PMCID: PMC8825410 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The notion that invasive cancer is a product of somatic evolution is a well-established theory that can be modelled mathematically and demonstrated empirically from therapeutic responses. Somatic evolution is by no means deterministic, and ample opportunities exist to steer its trajectory towards cancer cell extinction. One such strategy is to alter the chemical microenvironment shared between host and cancer cells in a way that no longer favours the latter. Ever since the first description of the Warburg effect, acidosis has been recognised as a key chemical signature of the tumour microenvironment. Recent findings have suggested that responses to acidosis, arising through a process of selection and adaptation, give cancer cells a competitive advantage over the host. A surge of research efforts has attempted to understand the basis of this advantage and seek ways of exploiting it therapeutically. Here, we review key findings and place these in the context of a mathematical framework. Looking ahead, we highlight areas relating to cellular adaptation, selection, and heterogeneity that merit more research efforts in order to close in on the goal of exploiting tumour acidity in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Blaszczak
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, England.
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222
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Wei WS, Wang N, Deng MH, Dong P, Liu JY, Xiang Z, Li XD, Li ZY, Liu ZH, Peng YL, Li Z, Jiang LJ, Yao K, Ye YL, Lu WH, Zhang ZL, Zhou FJ, Liu ZW, Xie D, Yu CP. LRPPRC regulates redox homeostasis via the circANKHD1/FOXM1 axis to enhance bladder urothelial carcinoma tumorigenesis. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102201. [PMID: 34864630 PMCID: PMC8645923 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are continuously generated mainly by mitochondria, have been proved to play an important role in the stress signaling of cancer cells. Moreover, pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been suggested to take part in mitochondrial metabolism. However, the mechanisms integrating the actions of these distinct networks in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) pathogenesis are elusive. In this study, we found that leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing (LRPPRC) was frequently upregulated in UCB and that it was an independent prognostic factor in UCB. We further revealed that LRPPRC promoted UCB tumorigenesis by regulating the intracellular ROS homeostasis. Mechanistically, LRPPRC modulates ROS balance and protects UCB cells from oxidative stress via mt-mRNA metabolism and the circANKHD1/FOXM1 axis. In addition, the SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein (SLIRP) directly interacted with LRPPRC to protect it from ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Notably, we showed that LRPPRC modulated the tumorigenesis of UCB cells in a circANKHD1-FOXM1-dependent manner. In conclusion, LRPPRC exerts critical roles in regulating UCB redox homeostasis and tumorigenesis, and is a prognostic factor for UCB; suggesting that LRPPRC may serve as an exploitable therapeutic target in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Su Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Third Hospital, No. 106, 2nd Zhongshan Road, Changsha, PR China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Lu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yun-Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fang-Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Chun-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Wang H, Yu T, Mao L. Placental-Cadherin, a biomarker for local immune status and poor prognosis among patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:3597-3609. [PMID: 34825969 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic and clinicopathological value of placental-Cadherin (CDH3) in multiple cancers is controversial. The diagnostic significance and functional mechanism of CDH3 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to clarify the potential of CDH3 as biomarker for TSCC. METHODS Here, meta-analysis, bioinformatics, along wet-lab techniques were employed to evaluate the diagnostic, as well as the prognostic value of CDH3 in diverse types of cancers, especially TSCC. Meta-analysis was used to determine the influence of CDH3 on prognostic and clinicopathological features in numerous cancers. Molecular biology function was used to investigate the role of CDH3 in TSCC cells. The relationship of CDH3 with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in TSCC was assessed using CIBERSORT. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was done based on TCGA. Besides, the hub genes and associated cascades were uncovered based on gene co-expression with CDH3. RESULTS CDH3 upregulation correlated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival in various cancers. CDH3 was validated as an independent risk factor for HNSC and was linked to the onset of tumors, tumor stage, and infiltration depth. CDH3 silencing inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of the CAL-27 cell line. CDH3 expression level correlated with infiltration by macrophages, T cells, T cell regulatory cells (Tregs), and plasma cells in TSCC. GSEA revealed that CDH3 influences multiple cancer-associated cascades. Besides, CBX3, CCHCR1, along NFYC were identified as the core hub genes for CDH3. CONCLUSION We identified CDH3 as a pan-cancer gene with potential prognostic and diagnostic significance in various cancers, particularly in TSCC, where it is tumorigenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Harbin Medical University Dental Hospital, 141 Iman Street, Nangang District, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianliang Yu
- Harbin Medical University Dental Hospital, 141 Iman Street, Nangang District, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Mao
- Harbin Medical University Dental Hospital, 141 Iman Street, Nangang District, 150081, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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224
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Zheng X, Li Z, Li W, Zhu M, Zhang L, Zhu Z, Yang H. Biomechanical properties of erythrocytes circulating in artificial hearts measured by dielectrophoretic method. J Biomech 2021; 129:110822. [PMID: 34736085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood damage is recognized as one of the major problems caused by non-physiological shear force induced by artificial hearts. At present, the generally accepted manifestation of mechanical blood damage is the amount of free hemoglobin released into the blood. However, there is little research on the changes of blood cell state after circulating in artificial hearts at the single-cell level. It is well known that the mechanical properties of cells are of enormous relevance in the regulation of cellular physiological and pathological processes. In this regard, it is highly needed to study the mechanical properties of blood cells affected by non-physiological shear force. In this paper, a dielectrophoresis-based method of measuring the mechanical properties of erythrocytes circulating in artificial hearts was proposed, which was quantified with some crucial parameters such as strain, elongation index (EI), and Young's modulus. Experimental results indicated that with the increase of the working time of artificial hearts, the deformability of erythrocytes decreased, the stiffness substantially increased, and the mechanical stability decreased, particularly at long exposure times. The proposed method provides a deep insight into the mechanism of subhemolytic damage at the single-cell level and has a great potential to serve as a new tool for in vitro evaluation of potential blood damage in artificial hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China
| | - Wanting Li
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China
| | - Liudi Zhang
- Artificial Organ Technology Lab, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China.
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225
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Liu W, Xiong S, Zhang Y, Du J, Dong C, Yu Z, Ma X. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Important Transcription Factors and Biological Processes in Skin Regeneration Mediated by Mechanical Stretch. Front Genet 2021; 12:757350. [PMID: 34659370 PMCID: PMC8511326 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.757350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mechanical stretch is utilized to promote skin regeneration during tissue expansion for reconstructive surgery. Although mechanical stretch induces characteristic morphological changes in the skin, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involved in mechanically induced skin regeneration are not well elucidated. Methods: A male rat scalp expansion model was established and the important biological processes related to mechanical stretch-induced skin regeneration were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Analysis was also conducted by constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, identifying key modules and hub genes, determining transcription factor (TF)-mRNA regulatory relationships, and confirming the expression pattern of the TFs and hub genes. Results: We identified nine robust hub genes (CXCL1, NEB, ACTN3, MYOZ1, ACTA1, TNNT3, PYGM, AMPD1, and CKM) that may serve as key molecules in skin growth. These genes were determined to be involved in several important biological processes, including keratinocyte differentiation, cytoskeleton reorganization, chemokine signaling pathway, glycogen metabolism, and voltage-gated ion channel activity. The potentially significant pathways, including the glucagon signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, were distinguished. In addition, we identified six TFs (LEF1, TCF7, HMGA1, TFAP2C, FOSL1, and ELF5) and constructed regulatory TF–mRNA interaction networks. Conclusion: This study generated a comprehensive overview of the gene networks underlying mechanically induced skin regeneration. The functions of these key genes and the pathways in which they participate may reveal new aspects of skin regeneration under mechanical strain. Furthermore, the identified TF regulators can be used as potential candidates for clinical therapeutics for skin pretreatment before reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoheng Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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226
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Meng YM, Jiang X, Zhao X, Meng Q, Wu S, Chen Y, Kong X, Qiu X, Su L, Huang C, Wang M, Liu C, Wong PP. Hexokinase 2-driven glycolysis in pericytes activates their contractility leading to tumor blood vessel abnormalities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6011. [PMID: 34650057 PMCID: PMC8517026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective pericyte-endothelial cell interaction in tumors leads to a chaotic, poorly organized and dysfunctional vasculature. However, the underlying mechanism behind this is poorly studied. Herein, we develop a method that combines magnetic beads and flow cytometry cell sorting to isolate pericytes from tumors and normal adjacent tissues from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pericytes from tumors show defective blood vessel supporting functions when comparing to those obtained from normal tissues. Mechanistically, combined proteomics and metabolic flux analysis reveals elevated hexokinase 2(HK2)-driven glycolysis in tumor pericytes, which up-regulates their ROCK2-MLC2 mediated contractility leading to impaired blood vessel supporting function. Clinically, high percentage of HK2 positive pericytes in blood vessels correlates with poor patient overall survival in NSCLC and HCC. Administration of a HK2 inhibitor induces pericyte-MLC2 driven tumor vasculature remodeling leading to enhanced drug delivery and efficacy against tumor growth. Overall, these data suggest that glycolysis in tumor pericytes regulates their blood vessel supporting role. Pericyte-endothelial cells interaction defines tumor vasculature and has implications in tumorigenesis development and therapy efficacy. Here, the authors show that hexokinase 2- driven glycolysis activates ROCK1-MLC2 mediated contractility in pericytes leading to tumor blood vessel abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sangqing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangping Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China. .,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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227
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Matrix stiffness drives stromal autophagy and promotes formation of a protumorigenic niche. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105367118. [PMID: 34588305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105367118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased stiffness of solid tissues has long been recognized as a diagnostic feature of several pathologies, most notably malignant diseases. In fact, it is now well established that elevated tissue rigidity enhances disease progression and aggressiveness and is associated with a poor prognosis in patients as documented, for instance, for lung fibrosis or the highly desmoplastic cancer of the pancreas. The underlying mechanisms of the interplay between physical properties and cellular behavior are, however, not very well understood. Here, we have found that switching culture conditions from soft to stiff substrates is sufficient to evoke (macro) autophagy in various fibroblast types. Mechanistically, this is brought about by stiffness-sensing through an Integrin αV-focal adhesion kinase module resulting in sequestration and posttranslational stabilization of the metabolic master regulator AMPKα at focal adhesions, leading to the subsequent induction of autophagy. Importantly, stiffness-induced autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts and stellate cells critically supports growth of adjacent cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This process is Integrin αV dependent, opening possibilities for targeting tumor-stroma crosstalk. Our data thus reveal that the mere change in mechanical tissue properties is sufficient to metabolically reprogram stromal cell populations, generating a tumor-supportive metabolic niche.
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228
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Lou L, Lopez KO, Nautiyal P, Agarwal A. Integrated Perspective of Scaffold Designing and Multiscale Mechanics in Cardiac Bioengineering. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Lou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International University Miami FL 33174 USA
| | - Kazue Orikasa Lopez
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Florida International University Miami FL 33174 USA
| | - Pranjal Nautiyal
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Plasma Forming Laboratory Advanced Materials Engineering Research Institute (AMERI) Mechanical and Materials Engineering College of Engineering and Computing Florida International University Miami FL 33174 USA
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229
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Zhao J, Yao K, Yu H, Zhang L, Xu Y, Chen L, Sun Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Qian Y, Ji S, Pan H, Zhang M, Chen J, Correia C, Weiskittel T, Lin DW, Zhao Y, Chandrasekaran S, Fu X, Zhang D, Fan HY, Xie W, Li H, Hu Z, Zhang J. Metabolic remodelling during early mouse embryo development. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1372-1384. [PMID: 34650276 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During early mammalian embryogenesis, changes in cell growth and proliferation depend on strict genetic and metabolic instructions. However, our understanding of metabolic reprogramming and its influence on epigenetic regulation in early embryo development remains elusive. Here we show a comprehensive metabolomics profiling of key stages in mouse early development and the two-cell and blastocyst embryos, and we reconstructed the metabolic landscape through the transition from totipotency to pluripotency. Our integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis shows that while two-cell embryos favour methionine, polyamine and glutathione metabolism and stay in a more reductive state, blastocyst embryos have higher metabolites related to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle, and present a more oxidative state. Moreover, we identify a reciprocal relationship between α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and the competitive inhibitor of α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG), where two-cell embryos inherited from oocytes and one-cell zygotes display higher L-2-HG, whereas blastocysts show higher α-KG. Lastly, increasing 2-HG availability impedes erasure of global histone methylation markers after fertilization. Together, our data demonstrate dynamic and interconnected metabolic, transcriptional and epigenetic network remodelling during early mouse embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Qian
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Ji
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongru Pan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cristina Correia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Taylor Weiskittel
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Da-Wei Lin
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xudong Fu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Li
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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230
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Li J, Fang Y, Wu D. Mechanical forces and metabolic changes cooperate to drive cellular memory and endothelial phenotypes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:199-253. [PMID: 34696886 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the innermost layer of arterial, venous, and lymphatic vascular tree and accordingly are subject to hemodynamic, stretch, and stiffness mechanical forces. Normally quiescent, endothelial cells have a hemodynamic set point and become "activated" in response to disturbed hemodynamics, which may signal impending nutrient or gas depletion. Endothelial cells in the majority of tissue beds are normally inactivated and maintain vessel barrier functions, are anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, and anti-thrombotic. However, under aberrant mechanical forces, endothelial signaling transforms in response, resulting cellular changes that herald pathological diseases. Endothelial cell metabolism is now recognized as the primary intermediate pathway that undergirds cellular transformation. In this review, we discuss the various mechanical forces endothelial cells sense in the large vessels, microvasculature, and lymphatics, and how changes in environmental mechanical forces result in changes in metabolism, which ultimately influence cell physiology, cellular memory, and ultimately disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yun Fang
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David Wu
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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231
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An In Vitro Model System to Test Mechano-Microbiological Interactions Between Bacteria and Host Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34542856 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1661-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to present an innovative technique to visualize changes of the F-actin cytoskeleton in response to locally applied force. We developed an in vitro system that combines micromanipulation of force by magnetic tweezers with simultaneous live cell fluorescence microscopy. We applied pulling forces to magnetic beads coated with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV pili in the same order of magnitude than the forces generated by live bacteria. We saw quick and robust F-actin accumulation in individual cells at the sites where pulling forces were applied. Using the magnetic tweezers, we were able to mimic the local response of the F-actin cytoskeleton to bacteria-generated forces. In this chapter, we describe our magnetic tweezers system and show how to control it in order to study cellular responses to force.
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232
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Crosas-Molist E, Samain R, Kohlhammer L, Orgaz J, George S, Maiques O, Barcelo J, Sanz-Moreno V. RhoGTPase Signalling in Cancer Progression and Dissemination. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:455-510. [PMID: 34541899 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are a family of small G proteins that regulate a wide array of cellular processes related to their key roles controlling the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, cancer is a multi-step disease caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, from the initial stages of cancer development when cells in normal tissues undergo transformation, to the acquisition of invasive and metastatic traits, responsible for a large number of cancer related deaths. In this review, we discuss the role of Rho GTPase signalling in cancer in every step of disease progression. Rho GTPases contribute to tumour initiation and progression, by regulating proliferation and apoptosis, but also metabolism, senescence and cell stemness. Rho GTPases play a major role in cell migration, and in the metastatic process. They are also involved in interactions with the tumour microenvironment and regulate inflammation, contributing to cancer progression. After years of intensive research, we highlight the importance of relevant models in the Rho GTPase field, and we reflect on the therapeutic opportunities arising for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Crosas-Molist
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Remi Samain
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie Kohlhammer
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Orgaz
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-UAM, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samantha George
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaume Barcelo
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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233
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Shah VV, Duncan AD, Jiang S, Stratton SA, Allton KL, Yam C, Jain A, Krause PM, Lu Y, Cai S, Tu Y, Zhou X, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Carroll CL, Kang Z, Liu B, Shen J, Gagea M, Manu SM, Huo L, Gilcrease M, Powell RT, Guo L, Stephan C, Davies PJ, Parker-Thornburg J, Lozano G, Behringer RR, Piwnica-Worms H, Chang JT, Moulder SL, Barton MC. Mammary-specific expression of Trim24 establishes a mouse model of human metaplastic breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5389. [PMID: 34508101 PMCID: PMC8433435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional overexpression of histone reader Tripartite motif containing protein 24 (TRIM24) in mouse mammary epithelia (Trim24COE) drives spontaneous development of mammary carcinosarcoma tumors, lacking ER, PR and HER2. Human carcinosarcomas or metaplastic breast cancers (MpBC) are a rare, chemorefractory subclass of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Comparison of Trim24COE metaplastic carcinosarcoma morphology, TRIM24 protein levels and a derived Trim24COE gene signature reveals strong correlation with human MpBC tumors and MpBC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Global and single-cell tumor profiling reveal Met as a direct oncogenic target of TRIM24, leading to aberrant PI3K/mTOR activation. Here, we find that pharmacological inhibition of these pathways in primary Trim24COE tumor cells and TRIM24-PROTAC treatment of MpBC TNBC PDX tumorspheres decreased cellular viability, suggesting potential in therapeutically targeting TRIM24 and its regulated pathways in TRIM24-expressing TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrutant V Shah
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aundrietta D Duncan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Salarius Pharmaceuticals, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiming Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Thoracic Head and Neck Medicine Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sabrina A Stratton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kendra L Allton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The Neurodegeneration Consortium, Therapeutics Discovery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav Jain
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick M Krause
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shirong Cai
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yizheng Tu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher L Carroll
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhijun Kang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sebastian M Manu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Gilcrease
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reid T Powell
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifford Stephan
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Parker-Thornburg
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Piwnica-Worms
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Chang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stacy L Moulder
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research, Center Knight Cancer Institute Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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234
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Amoedo ND, Sarlak S, Obre E, Esteves P, Bégueret H, Kieffer Y, Rousseau B, Dupis A, Izotte J, Bellance N, Dard L, Redonnet-Vernhet I, Punzi G, Rodrigues MF, Dumon E, Mafhouf W, Guyonnet-Dupérat V, Gales L, Palama T, Bellvert F, Dugot-Senan N, Claverol S, Baste JM, Lacombe D, Rezvani HR, Pierri CL, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Thumerel M, Rossignol R. Targeting the mitochondrial trifunctional protein restrains tumor growth in oxidative lung carcinomas. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:133081. [PMID: 33393495 DOI: 10.1172/jci133081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancer, but a large variability in tumor bioenergetics exists between patients. Using high-resolution respirometry on fresh biopsies of human lung adenocarcinoma, we identified 2 subgroups reflected in the histologically normal, paired, cancer-adjacent tissue: high (OX+) mitochondrial respiration and low (OX-) mitochondrial respiration. The OX+ tumors poorly incorporated [18F]fluorodeoxy-glucose and showed increased expression of the mitochondrial trifunctional fatty acid oxidation enzyme (MTP; HADHA) compared with the paired adjacent tissue. Genetic inhibition of MTP altered OX+ tumor growth in vivo. Trimetazidine, an approved drug inhibitor of MTP used in cardiology, also reduced tumor growth and induced disruption of the physical interaction between the MTP and respiratory chain complex I, leading to a cellular redox and energy crisis. MTP expression in tumors was assessed using histology scoring methods and varied in negative correlation with [18F]fluorodeoxy-glucose incorporation. These findings provide proof-of-concept data for preclinical, precision, bioenergetic medicine in oxidative lung carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivea Dias Amoedo
- CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Saharnaz Sarlak
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emilie Obre
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hugues Bégueret
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Pathology Department, Haut-Lévèque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Curie Institute - INSERM U830, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Rousseau
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Transgenic Animal Facility A2, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Dupis
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Transgenic Animal Facility A2, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadège Bellance
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laetitia Dard
- CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Redonnet-Vernhet
- CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Biochemistry Department, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Punzi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari,Bari, Italy
| | | | - Elodie Dumon
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Mafhouf
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1035, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Lara Gales
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)/CNRS 5504 - UMR INSA/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 792, Toulouse, France
| | - Tony Palama
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)/CNRS 5504 - UMR INSA/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 792, Toulouse, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)/CNRS 5504 - UMR INSA/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 792, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Stéphane Claverol
- Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.,Functional Genomics Center (CGFB), Proteomics Facility, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Marc Baste
- Thoracic Surgery, Haut-Lévèque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Lacombe
- INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Ciro Leonardo Pierri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari,Bari, Italy
| | | | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Thoracic Surgery, Haut-Lévèque Hospital, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rodrigue Rossignol
- CELLOMET, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM U1211, Bordeaux, France.,Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
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235
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Peng Y, Yang H, Li S. The role of glycometabolic plasticity in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 226:153595. [PMID: 34481210 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glycometabolism represented by the Warburg effect is well recognized as a hallmark of cancer that can be driven by oncogenes (e.g., c-Myc, K-ras, and BRAF) and contribute to cellular malignant transformation. The Warburg effect reveals the different glycometabolic patterns of cancer cells, but this unique glycometabolic pattern has the characteristic of plasticity rather than changeless which can vary with different internal or external stimuli during evolution. Glycometabolic plasticity enables cancer cells to modulate glycometabolism to support progression, metastasis, treatment resistance and recurrence. In this review, we report the characteristics of glycometabolic plasticity during different stages of cancer evolution, providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of glycometabolic plasticity in cancer. In addition, we discussed the challenges and future research directions of glycometabolism research in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Peng
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pituitary Adenomas of Chongqing, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pituitary Adenomas of Chongqing, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Song Li
- Multidisciplinary Center for Pituitary Adenomas of Chongqing, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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236
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Liu X, Zhu K, Duan X, Wang P, Han Y, Peng W, Huang J. Extracellular matrix stiffness modulates host-bacteria interactions and antibiotic therapy of bacterial internalization. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121098. [PMID: 34478931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria evolve multiple strategies to hijack host cells for intracellular survival and persistent infections. Previous studies have revealed the intricate interactions between bacteria and host cells at genetic, biochemical and even single molecular levels. Mechanical interactions and mechanotransduction exert a crucial impact on the behaviors and functions of pathogenic bacteria and host cells, owing to the ubiquitous mechanical microenvironments like extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether and how ECM stiffness modulates bacterial infections and the sequential outcome of antibacterial therapy. Here we show that bacteria tend to adhere to and invade epithelial cells located on the regions with relatively high traction forces. ECM stiffness regulates spatial distributions of bacteria during the invasion through arrangements of F-actin cytoskeletons in host cells. Depolymerization of cytoskeletons in the host cells induced by bacterial infection decreases intracellular accumulation of antibiotics, thus preventing the eradication of invaded bacterial pathogens. These findings not only reveal the key regulatory role of ECM stiffness, but suggest that the coordination of cytoskeletons may provide alternative approaches to improve antibiotic therapy against multidrug resistant bacteria in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaocen Duan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pudi Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, and Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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237
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Shen Y, Wu H, Lu PJ, Wang D, Shayegan M, Li H, Shi W, Wang Z, Cai LH, Xia J, Zhang M, Ding R, Herrmann H, Goldman R, MacKintosh FC, Moncho-Jordá A, Weitz DA. Effects of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments on the Structure and Dynamics of In Vitro Multicomponent Interpenetrating Cytoskeletal Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:108101. [PMID: 34533352 PMCID: PMC10725302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.108101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the rheological properties of interpenetrating networks reconstituted from the main cytoskeletal components: filamentous actin, microtubules, and vimentin intermediate filaments. The elastic modulus is determined largely by actin, with little contribution from either microtubules or vimentin. However, vimentin dramatically impacts the relaxation, with even small amounts significantly increasing the relaxation time of the interpenetrating network. This highly unusual decoupling between dissipation and elasticity may reflect weak attractive interactions between vimentin and actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Shen
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Huayin Wu
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Peter J Lu
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dianzhuo Wang
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Marjan Shayegan
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weichao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zizhao Wang
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Li-Heng Cai
- Materials Science and Engineering & Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruihua Ding
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana and Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Division of Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Robert Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Fred C MacKintosh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Arturo Moncho-Jordá
- Department of Applied Physics & Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - David A Weitz
- Department of Physics & John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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238
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Liu Q, Sheng Z, Cheng C, Zheng H, Lanuti M, Liu R, Wang P, Shen Y, Xie Z. Anesthetic Propofol Promotes Tumor Metastasis in Lungs via GABA A R-Dependent TRIM21 Modulation of Src Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102079. [PMID: 34263559 PMCID: PMC8456212 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a key step in tumor metastasis, occurs during surgical tumor resection, often performed under general anesthesia. Propofol is the commonly used anesthetic, but its effects on CTCs and tumor metastasis remain largely unknown. Propofol effects are investigated in an experimental metastasis model by injecting tumor cells and, subsequently, low- or standard-dose propofol to nude mice through tail vein. Propofol- or vehicle-treated tumor cells are also injected to the mice. An in vitro tumor cell-vascular endothelial cell adhesion assay, immunofluorescence, and other methods are employed to assess how propofol affects tumor cell adhesion and extension. Propofol induces more lung tumor metastasis in mice than control. Mechanistically, propofol enhances tumor cell adhesion and extension through GABAA R to downregulate TRIM21 expression, leading to upregulation of Src, a protein associated with cell adhesion. These results demonstrate that propofol may promote tumor metastasis through GABAA R-TRIM21-Src mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Liu
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Sheng
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021P. R. China
| | - Michael Lanuti
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Anesthesia and Brain Research InstituteShanghai Tenth People's HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200072P. R. China
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA
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239
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Miyamoto T, Uosaki H, Mizunoe Y, Han SI, Goto S, Yamanaka D, Masuda M, Yoneyama Y, Nakamura H, Hattori N, Takeuchi Y, Ohno H, Sekiya M, Matsuzaka T, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI, Yahagi N, Ito K, Shimano H. Rapid manipulation of mitochondrial morphology in a living cell with iCMM. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100052. [PMID: 35475143 PMCID: PMC9017203 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered synthetic biomolecular devices that integrate elaborate information processing and precisely regulate living cell behavior have potential in various applications. Although devices that directly regulate key biomolecules constituting inherent biological systems exist, no devices have been developed to control intracellular membrane architecture, contributing to the spatiotemporal functions of these biomolecules. This study developed a synthetic biomolecular device, termed inducible counter mitochondrial morphology (iCMM), to manipulate mitochondrial morphology, an emerging informative property for understanding physiopathological cellular behaviors, on a minute timescale by using a chemically inducible dimerization system. Using iCMM, we determined cellular changes by altering mitochondrial morphology in an unprecedented manner. This approach serves as a platform for developing more sophisticated synthetic biomolecular devices to regulate biological systems by extending manipulation targets from conventional biomolecules to mitochondria. Furthermore, iCMM might serve as a tool for uncovering the biological significance of mitochondrial morphology in various physiopathological cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hideki Uosaki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuhei Mizunoe
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Song-Iee Han
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoi Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0206, Japan
| | - Masato Masuda
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yoneyama
- Institute of Research, Division of Advanced Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, MD 21205, USA
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Departments of Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0206, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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240
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Lekka M, Gnanachandran K, Kubiak A, Zieliński T, Zemła J. Traction force microscopy - Measuring the forces exerted by cells. Micron 2021; 150:103138. [PMID: 34416532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells generate mechanical forces (traction forces, TFs) while interacting with the extracellular matrix or neighbouring cells. Forces are generated by both cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and transmitted within the cell-ECM or cell-cell contacts involving focal adhesions or adherens junctions. Within more than two decades, substantial progress has been achieved in techniques that measure TFs. One of the techniques is traction force microscopy (TFM). This review discusses the TFM and its advances in measuring TFs exerted by cells (single cells and multicellular systems) at cell-ECM and cell-cell junctional intracellular interfaces. The answers to how cells sense, adapt and respond to mechanical forces unravel their role in controlling and regulating cell behaviour in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland.
| | | | - Andrzej Kubiak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zieliński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342, Cracow, Poland
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241
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Abstract
Cancer is a multi-step process where normal cells become transformed, grow, and may disseminate to establish new lesions within the body. In recent years, the physical properties of individual cells and the tissue microenvironment have been shown to be potent determinants of cancer progression. Biophysical tools have long been used to examine cell and tissue mechanics, morphology, and migration. However, exciting developments have linked these physical traits to gene expression changes that drive metastatic seeding, organ selectivity, and tumor growth. Here, we present some vignettes to address recent studies to show progress in harnessing biophysical tools and concepts to gain insights into metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Young So
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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242
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Amara N, Cooper MP, Voronkova MA, Webb BA, Lynch EM, Kollman JM, Ma T, Yu K, Lai Z, Sangaraju D, Kayagaki N, Newton K, Bogyo M, Staben ST, Dixit VM. Selective activation of PFKL suppresses the phagocytic oxidative burst. Cell 2021; 184:4480-4494.e15. [PMID: 34320407 PMCID: PMC8802628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In neutrophils, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generated via the pentose phosphate pathway fuels NADPH oxidase NOX2 to produce reactive oxygen species for killing invading pathogens. However, excessive NOX2 activity can exacerbate inflammation, as in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we use two unbiased chemical proteomic strategies to show that small-molecule LDC7559, or a more potent designed analog NA-11, inhibits the NOX2-dependent oxidative burst in neutrophils by activating the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 liver type (PFKL) and dampening flux through the pentose phosphate pathway. Accordingly, neutrophils treated with NA-11 had reduced NOX2-dependent outputs, including neutrophil cell death (NETosis) and tissue damage. A high-resolution structure of PFKL confirmed binding of NA-11 to the AMP/ADP allosteric activation site and explained why NA-11 failed to agonize phosphofructokinase-1 platelet type (PFKP) or muscle type (PFKM). Thus, NA-11 represents a tool for selective activation of PFKL, the main phosphofructokinase-1 isoform expressed in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Amara
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Madison P Cooper
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Maria A Voronkova
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bradley A Webb
- Biochemistry Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Eric M Lynch
- Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Justin M Kollman
- Biochemistry Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Taylur Ma
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kebing Yu
- Microchemistry, Proteomics, and Lipidomics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zijuan Lai
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dewakar Sangaraju
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kim Newton
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Pathology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven T Staben
- Discovery Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vishva M Dixit
- Physiological Chemistry Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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243
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Yan F, Zhang X, Tan R, Li M, Xiao Z, Wang H, Zhang Z, Ma Z, Liu Z. Autophagic flux in cancer cells at the invasive front in the tumor-stroma border. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:20229-20245. [PMID: 34483138 PMCID: PMC8436923 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells at the invasive front directly interact with stromal tissue that provides a microenvironment with mechanical, nutrient, and oxygen supply characteristics distinct from those of intratumoral tissues. It has long been known that cancer cells at the invasive front and cancer cells inside the tumor body exhibit highly differentiated functions and behaviors. However, it is unknown whether cancer cells at different locations exhibit a variety of autophagic flux, an important catabolic process to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to environmental changes. Here, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that invading cancer cells at the invasive front, which show mesenchymal transcriptomic traits, exhibit higher autophagic flux than cancer cells inside the tumor body in human primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. This autophagic feature was further confirmed by a live cell autophagic flux monitoring system combined with a 3D organotypic invasion coculture system. Additionally, the increased autophagic flux endows cancer cells with invasive behavior and positively correlates with the advanced tumor stages and the reduced survival period of lung cancer patients. These findings expand the understanding of autophagic dynamics during cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongying Tan
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingchen Li
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengtuan Xiao
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyi Ma
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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244
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Destouni A, Tsolis KC, Economou A, Papathanasiou I, Balis C, Mourmoura E, Tsezou A. Chondrocyte protein co-synthesis network analysis links ECM mechanosensing to metabolic adaptation in osteoarthritis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:623-635. [PMID: 34348542 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1962299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common structural OA disorders globally. Incomplete understanding of the fundamental biological aspects of osteoarthritis underlies the current lack of effective treatment or disease modifying drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We implemented a systems approach by making use of the statistical network concepts in Weighted Gene Co-expression Analysis to reconstruct the organization of the core proteome network in chondrocytes obtained from OA patients and healthy individuals. Protein modules reflect groups of tightly co-ordinated changes in protein abundance across healthy and OA chondrocytes. RESULTS The unbiased systems analysis identified extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanosensing and glycolysis as two modules that are most highly correlated with ΟΑ. The ECM module was enriched in the OA genetic risk factors tenascin-C (TNC) and collagen 11A1 (COL11A1), as well as in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a biomarker associated with cartilage integrity. Mapping proteins that are unique to OA or healthy chondrocytes onto the core interactome, which connects microenvironment sensing and regulation of glycolysis, identified differences in metabolic and anti-inflammatory adaptation. CONCLUSION The interconnection between cartilage ECM remodeling and metabolism is indicative of the dynamic chondrocyte states and their significance in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Destouni
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos C Tsolis
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anastassios Economou
- KULeuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Papathanasiou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Charalampos Balis
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Evanthia Mourmoura
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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245
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Tan M, Zhao L, Zhai Y, Sun Y, Gong Y, Feng X, Du J, Fan Y. Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Regulates DNA Methylation by PKCα-Dependent Nuclear Transport of DNMT3L. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100821. [PMID: 34174172 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness has profound effects on the regulation of cell functions. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification governing gene expression. However, the effects of ECM stiffness on DNA methylation remain elusive. Here, it is reported that DNA methylation is sensitive to ECM stiffness, with a global hypermethylation under stiff ECM condition in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryonic fibroblasts compared with soft ECM. Stiff ECM enhances DNA methylation of both promoters and gene bodies, especially the 5' promoter regions of pluripotent genes. The enhanced DNA methylation is functionally required for the loss of pluripotent gene expression in mESCs grown on stiff ECM. Further experiments reveal that the nuclear transport of DNA methyltransferase 3-like (DNMT3L) is promoted by stiff ECM in a protein kinase C α (PKCα)-dependent manner and DNMT3L can be binding to Nanog promoter regions during cell-ECM interactions. These findings unveil DNA methylation as a novel target for the mechanical sensing mechanism of ECM stiffness, which provides a conserved mechanism for gene expression regulation during cell-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yun‐Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Min Tan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yan‐Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xi‐Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yu‐Bo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100083 China
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246
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Stancil IT, Michalski JE, Davis-Hall D, Chu HW, Park JA, Magin CM, Yang IV, Smith BJ, Dobrinskikh E, Schwartz DA. Pulmonary fibrosis distal airway epithelia are dynamically and structurally dysfunctional. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4566. [PMID: 34315881 PMCID: PMC8316442 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium serves as the interface between the host and external environment. In many chronic lung diseases, the airway is the site of substantial remodeling after injury. While, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has traditionally been considered a disease of the alveolus and lung matrix, the dominant environmental (cigarette smoking) and genetic (gain of function MUC5B promoter variant) risk factor primarily affect the distal airway epithelium. Moreover, airway-specific pathogenic features of IPF include bronchiolization of the distal airspace with abnormal airway cell-types and honeycomb cystic terminal airway-like structures with concurrent loss of terminal bronchioles in regions of minimal fibrosis. However, the pathogenic role of the airway epithelium in IPF is unknown. Combining biophysical, genetic, and signaling analyses of primary airway epithelial cells, we demonstrate that healthy and IPF airway epithelia are biophysically distinct, identifying pathologic activation of the ERBB-YAP axis as a specific and modifiable driver of prolongation of the unjammed-to-jammed transition in IPF epithelia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this biophysical state and signaling axis correlates with epithelial-driven activation of the underlying mesenchyme. Our data illustrate the active mechanisms regulating airway epithelial-driven fibrosis and identify targets to modulate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T Stancil
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Michalski
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Duncan Davis-Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsea M Magin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bradford J Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver | Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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247
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Lin S, Li Y, Wang D, Huang C, Marino D, Bollt O, Wu C, Taylor MD, Li W, DeNicola GM, Hao J, Singh PK, Yang S. Fascin promotes lung cancer growth and metastasis by enhancing glycolysis and PFKFB3 expression. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:230-242. [PMID: 34303764 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fascin is a pro-metastatic actin-bundling protein that is upregulated in all metastatic carcinomas. Fascin promotes cancer cell migration and invasion by facilitating membrane protrusions, such as filopodia and invadopodia. Aerobic glycolysis is a key feature of cancer metabolism and provides critical intermediate metabolites for tumor growth. Here, we report that fascin increases glycolysis in lung cancer to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Fascin promotes glycolytic flux by increasing the expression and activities of phosphofructose-kinases 1 and 2 (PFK1 and 2). Fascin mediates glycolytic functions via activation of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) through its canonical actin-bundling activity by promoting the binding of YAP1 to a TEAD1/4 binding motif located 30 bp upstream of the PFKFB3 transcription start site to activate its transcription. Examination of the TCGA database suggests that the fascin-YAP1-PFKFB3 axis is likely conserved across different types of cancers. Importantly, pharmacological inhibitors of fascin suppressed YAP1-PFKFB3 signaling and glycolysis in cancer cell lines, organoid cultures, and xenograft metastasis models. Taken together, our data reveal that the glycolytic function of fascin is essential for the promotion of lung cancer growth and metabolism, and suggest that pharmacological inhibitors of fascin may be used to reprogram cancer metabolism in lung and potentially other cancers with fascin upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yunzhan Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chongbiao Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - David Marino
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Oana Bollt
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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248
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Torrino S, Grasset EM, Audebert S, Belhadj I, Lacoux C, Haynes M, Pisano S, Abélanet S, Brau F, Chan SY, Mari B, Oldham WM, Ewald AJ, Bertero T. Mechano-induced cell metabolism promotes microtubule glutamylation to force metastasis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1342-1357.e10. [PMID: 34102109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical signals from the tumor microenvironment modulate cell mechanics and influence cell metabolism to promote cancer aggressiveness. Cells withstand external forces by adjusting the stiffness of their cytoskeleton. Microtubules (MTs) act as compression-bearing elements. Yet how cancer cells regulate MT dynamic in response to the locally constrained environment has remained unclear. Using breast cancer as a model of a disease in which mechanical signaling promotes disease progression, we show that matrix stiffening rewires glutamine metabolism to promote MT glutamylation and force MT stabilization, thereby promoting cell invasion. Pharmacologic inhibition of glutamine metabolism decreased MT glutamylation and affected their mechanical stabilization. Similarly, decreased MT glutamylation by overexpressing tubulin mutants lacking glutamylation site(s) decreased MT stability, thereby hampering cancer aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results decipher part of the enigmatic tubulin code that coordinates the fine-tunable properties of MT and link cell metabolism to MT dynamics and cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloise M Grasset
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephane Audebert
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Ilyes Belhadj
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Meagan Haynes
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Nice, France
| | | | - Frederic Brau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Mari
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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249
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Zanotelli MR, Zhang J, Reinhart-King CA. Mechanoresponsive metabolism in cancer cell migration and metastasis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1307-1321. [PMID: 33915111 PMCID: PMC9015673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Altered tissue mechanics and metabolism are defining characteristics of cancer that impact not only proliferation but also migration. While migrating through a mechanically and spatially heterogeneous microenvironment, changes in metabolism allow cells to dynamically tune energy generation and bioenergetics in response to fluctuating energy needs. Physical cues from the extracellular matrix influence mechanosignaling pathways, cell mechanics, and cytoskeletal architecture to alter presentation and function of metabolic enzymes. In cancer, altered mechanosensing and metabolic reprogramming supports metabolic plasticity and high energy production while cells migrate and metastasize. Here, we discuss the role of mechanoresponsive metabolism in regulating cell migration and supporting metastasis as well as the potential of therapeutically targeting cancer metabolism to block motility and potentially metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Zanotelli
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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250
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Tharp KM, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Timblin GA, Ford B, Garzon-Coral C, Schneider C, Muncie JM, Stashko C, Daniele JR, Moore AS, Frankino PA, Homentcovschi S, Manoli SS, Shao H, Richards AL, Chen KH, Hoeve JT, Ku GM, Hellerstein M, Nomura DK, Saijo K, Gestwicki J, Dunn AR, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL, Dillin A, Weaver VM. Adhesion-mediated mechanosignaling forces mitohormesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1322-1341.e13. [PMID: 34019840 PMCID: PMC8266765 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria control eukaryotic cell fate by producing the energy needed to support life and the signals required to execute programed cell death. The biochemical milieu is known to affect mitochondrial function and contribute to the dysfunctional mitochondrial phenotypes implicated in cancer and the morbidities of aging. However, the physical characteristics of the extracellular matrix are also altered in cancerous and aging tissues. Here, we demonstrate that cells sense the physical properties of the extracellular matrix and activate a mitochondrial stress response that adaptively tunes mitochondrial function via solute carrier family 9 member A1-dependent ion exchange and heat shock factor 1-dependent transcription. Overall, our data indicate that adhesion-mediated mechanosignaling may play an unappreciated role in the altered mitochondrial functions observed in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Greg A Timblin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Garzon-Coral
- Chemical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine Schneider
- Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathon M Muncie
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Connor Stashko
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joseph R Daniele
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, South Campus Research, Houston, CA 77054, USA
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Phillip A Frankino
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Stefan Homentcovschi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Sagar S Manoli
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gregory M Ku
- Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marc Hellerstein
- Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novartis, Berkeley Center for Proteomics and Chemistry Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karou Saijo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), J. David Gladstone Institutes, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94597, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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