201
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Hang N, Shi T, Liu Y, Ye W, Taier G, Sun Y, Wang K, Zhang W. Overexpression of Os-microRNA408 enhances drought tolerance in perennial ryegrass. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:733-747. [PMID: 33215699 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As a conserved microRNA (miRNA) family in plants, miR408 is known to be involved in different abiotic stress responses, including drought. Interestingly, some studies indicated a species- and/or cultivar-specific drought-responsive characteristic of miR408 in plant drought stress. Moreover, the functions of miR408 in perennial grass species are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of miR408 in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) by withholding water for 10 days for both wild type and transgenic plants with heterologous expression of rice (Oryza sativa L.) miR408 gene, Os-miR408. The results showed that transgenic perennial ryegrass plants displayed morphological changes under normal growth conditions, such as curl leaves and sunken stomata, which could be related to decreased leaf water loss. Moreover, transgenic perennial ryegrass exhibited improved drought tolerance, as demonstrated by maintaining higher leaf relative water content (RWC), lower electrolyte leakage (EL), and less lipid peroxidation compared to WT plants under drought stress. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed higher antioxidative capacity under drought. These results showed that the improved drought tolerance in Os-miR408 transgenic plants could be due to leaf morphological changes favoring the maintenance of water status and to increased antioxidative capacity protecting against the reactive oxygen species damages under stress. These findings implied that miR408 could serve as a potential target for genetic manipulations to engineer perennial grass plants for improved water stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianran Shi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhehaote, China
| | - Geli Taier
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kehua Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R&D Center for Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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202
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Cortés AJ, López-Hernández F. Harnessing Crop Wild Diversity for Climate Change Adaptation. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:783. [PMID: 34065368 PMCID: PMC8161384 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming and drought are reducing global crop production with a potential to substantially worsen global malnutrition. As with the green revolution in the last century, plant genetics may offer concrete opportunities to increase yield and crop adaptability. However, the rate at which the threat is happening requires powering new strategies in order to meet the global food demand. In this review, we highlight major recent 'big data' developments from both empirical and theoretical genomics that may speed up the identification, conservation, and breeding of exotic and elite crop varieties with the potential to feed humans. We first emphasize the major bottlenecks to capture and utilize novel sources of variation in abiotic stress (i.e., heat and drought) tolerance. We argue that adaptation of crop wild relatives to dry environments could be informative on how plant phenotypes may react to a drier climate because natural selection has already tested more options than humans ever will. Because isolated pockets of cryptic diversity may still persist in remote semi-arid regions, we encourage new habitat-based population-guided collections for genebanks. We continue discussing how to systematically study abiotic stress tolerance in these crop collections of wild and landraces using geo-referencing and extensive environmental data. By uncovering the genes that underlie the tolerance adaptive trait, natural variation has the potential to be introgressed into elite cultivars. However, unlocking adaptive genetic variation hidden in related wild species and early landraces remains a major challenge for complex traits that, as abiotic stress tolerance, are polygenic (i.e., regulated by many low-effect genes). Therefore, we finish prospecting modern analytical approaches that will serve to overcome this issue. Concretely, genomic prediction, machine learning, and multi-trait gene editing, all offer innovative alternatives to speed up more accurate pre- and breeding efforts toward the increase in crop adaptability and yield, while matching future global food demands in the face of increased heat and drought. In order for these 'big data' approaches to succeed, we advocate for a trans-disciplinary approach with open-source data and long-term funding. The recent developments and perspectives discussed throughout this review ultimately aim to contribute to increased crop adaptability and yield in the face of heat waves and drought events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J. Cortés
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Km 7 Vía Rionegro, Las Palmas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia;
- Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Felipe López-Hernández
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA, C.I. La Selva, Km 7 Vía Rionegro, Las Palmas, Rionegro 054048, Colombia;
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203
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Wang Z, Zhu J, Yuan W, Wang Y, Hu P, Jiao C, Xia H, Wang D, Cai Q, Li J, Wang C, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Ou Z, Xu Z, Shi J, Chen J. Genome-wide characterization of bZIP transcription factors and their expression patterns in response to drought and salinity stress in Jatropha curcas. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 181:1207-1223. [PMID: 33971233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family is one of the largest families of transcription factors (TFs) in plants and is responsible for various functions, including regulating development and responses to abiotic/biotic stresses. However, the roles of bZIPs in the regulation of responses to drought stress and salinity stress remain poorly understood in Jatropha curcas L., a biodiesel crop. In the present study, 50 JcbZIP genes were identified and classified into ten groups. Cis-element analysis indicated that JcbZIP genes are associated with abiotic stress. Gene expression patterns and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that four JcbZIP genes (JcbZIPs 34, 36, 49 and 50) are key resistance-related genes under both drought and salinity stress conditions. On the basis of the results of cis-element and phylogenetic analyses, JcbZIP49 and JcbZIP50 are likely involved in responses to drought and salinity stress; moreover, JcbZIP34 and JcbZIP36 might also play important roles in seed development and response to abiotic stress. These findings advance our understanding of the comprehensive characteristics of JcbZIP genes and provide new insights for functional validation in the further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peipei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chunyan Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haimeng Xia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington 999020, UK
| | - Dandan Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qianwen Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yansong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zulan Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhongdong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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204
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Sami F, Siddiqui H, Alam P, Hayat S. Glucose-induced response on photosynthetic efficiency, ROS homeostasis, and antioxidative defense system in maintaining carbohydrate and ion metabolism in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under salt-mediated oxidative stress. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:601-620. [PMID: 33392740 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, glucose (Glc) acts as a crucial signaling molecule in mediating metabolism, growth, stress tolerance mechanism, etc. However, little is known about Glc supplementation in salinity tolerance. This experiment was designed to study the ameliorative effect of Glc in mustard under salt stress. The seeds were soaked in three concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, or 100 mM) for 8 h and then treated with four concentrations of Glc (0, 2, 4, or 8%) as foliar spray for 5 days at 25-day stage. The plants were harvested at three growth stages (30, 45, and 60) for examining morpho-physiological and proteomic studies. Glc application as foliar spray increases growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidative enzyme activities in NaCl-treated plants. Glc applied in plants also showed reduction in superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Amongst all doses of Glc, spray of 4% Glc proved best in alleviating the harmful effects of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareen Sami
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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205
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Kumari A, Bhatla SC. Regulation of salt-stressed sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seedling's water status by the coordinated action of Na +/K + accumulation, nitric oxide, and aquaporin expression. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:573-587. [PMID: 33487215 DOI: 10.1071/fp20334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Among abiotic stresses, salt stress is a major threat to crop production all over the world. Present work demonstrates the profuse accumulation of Na+ in 2-day-old, dark-grown sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings roots in response to salt stress (NaCl). The pattern of K+ accumulation in response to salt stress is similar to that of Na+ but on relatively lower scale. Application of nitric oxide (NO) donor (DETA) scales down Na+ accumulation in salt-stressed seedlings. The impact of NO donor on K+ accumulation is, however, different in control and salt-stressed seedling roots. In control seedlings, it enhances K+ accumulation, whereas, it gets reduced in salt-stressed seedlings. Specialised channels called 'aquaporins' (AQPs) play a major role maintaining the water status and transport across plant parts under salt-stress. Thus, accumulation of plasma-membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and tonoplast-intrinsic proteins (TIPs), localised on plasma-membrane and vacuolar-membrane, respectively was undertaken in 2-day-old, dark-grown seedling roots. Salt stress increased the abundance of these isoforms, whereas, NO application resulted in decreased accumulation of PIP2 and TIP1. PIP1 and TIP2 isoforms remained undetectable. Present work thus, puts forward a correlation between AQP expression and ions (Na+ and K+) homeostasis in response to salt stress and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-11007, India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-11007, India; and Corresponding author.
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206
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Zeinalabedini M, Khoshkholgh Sima NA, Ghaffari MR, Ebadi A, Farsi M. Application of DNA barcodes and spatial analysis in conservation genetics and modeling of Iranian Salicornia genetic resources. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241162. [PMID: 33891613 PMCID: PMC8064562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iran is one of the origins of some Salicornia species. Nevertheless, comprehensive research has not been conducted on genetic potential, distribution, selection of populations, and the economic utilization of Salicornia in Iran. In the current study, Salicornia was collected based on the previous data available for 26 different geographical locations of provinces in Iran. We examined Salicornia plants’ universality DNA barcodes, including rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, and ITS, and their species identification abilities and identified six species groups. Subsequently, accurate modeling of distributed areas was provided with MAXENT and highlighted the valuable information on the diversity of specific geographical regions, conservation status of existing species, prioritization of conservation areas, and selection of Agro-Ecological areas. Together, this type of integrative study will provide useful information for managing and utilizing Salicornia genetic resources in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrshad Zeinalabedini
- Department of Systems and Synthetic biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
- * E-mail: (MZ); (NAKS)
| | - Nayer Azam Khoshkholgh Sima
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
- * E-mail: (MZ); (NAKS)
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaffari
- Department of Systems and Synthetic biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Ebadi
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Farsi
- Department of Systems and Synthetic biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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207
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Saini A, Rohila JS, Govindan G, Li YF, Sunkar R. Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083997. [PMID: 33924430 PMCID: PMC8068833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The superoxide dismutases (SODs) play vital roles in controlling cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated both under optimal as well as stress conditions in plants. The rice genome harbors seven SOD genes (CSD1, CSD2, CSD3, CSD4, FSD1, FSD2, and MSD) that encode seven constitutive transcripts. Of these, five (CSD2, CSD3, CSD4, FSD1, and MSD) utilizes an alternative splicing (AS) strategy and generate seven additional splice variants (SVs) or mRNA variants, i.e., three for CSD3, and one each for CSD2, CSD4, FSD1, and MSD. The exon-intron organization of these SVs revealed variations in the number and length of exons and/or untranslated regions (UTRs). We determined the expression patterns of SVs along with their constitutive forms of SODs in rice seedlings exposed to salt, osmotic, cold, heavy metal (Cu+2) stresses, as well as copper-deprivation. The results revealed that all seven SVs were transcriptionally active in both roots and shoots. When compared to their corresponding constitutive transcripts, the profiles of five SVs were almost similar, while two specific SVs (CSD3-SV4 and MSD-SV2) differed significantly, and the differences were also apparent between shoots and roots suggesting that the specific SVs are likely to play important roles in a tissue-specific and stress-specific manner. Overall, the present study has provided a comprehensive analysis of the SVs of SODs and their responses to stress conditions in shoots and roots of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Saini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.S.); (G.G.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Molecular Biology Division, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | - Jai S. Rohila
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA;
| | - Ganesan Govindan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.S.); (G.G.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yong-Fang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.S.); (G.G.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (A.S.); (G.G.); (Y.-F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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208
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Allelic Diversity at Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Relationship to Ecological Drought Indices for Cultivated Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, and Its Wild Relatives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040556. [PMID: 33921270 PMCID: PMC8070098 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in regions where drought stress is already an issue. Grain legumes are generally drought susceptible. However, tepary bean and its wild relatives within Phaseolus acutifolius or P. parvifolius are from arid areas between Mexico and the United States. Therefore, we hypothesize that these bean accessions have diversity signals indicative of adaptation to drought at key candidate genes such as: Asr2, Dreb2B, and ERECTA. By sequencing alleles of these genes and comparing to estimates of drought tolerance indices from climate data for the collection site of geo-referenced, tepary bean accessions, we determined the genotype x environmental association (GEA) of each gene. Diversity analysis found that cultivated and wild P. acutifolius were intermingled with var. tenuifolius and P. parvifolius, signifying that allele diversity was ample in the wild and cultivated clade over a broad sense (sensu lato) evaluation. Genes Dreb2B and ERECTA harbored signatures of directional selection, represented by six SNPs correlated with the environmental drought indices. This suggests that wild tepary bean is a reservoir of novel alleles at genes for drought tolerance, as expected for a species that originated in arid environments. Our study corroborated that candidate gene approach was effective for marker validation across a broad genetic base of wild tepary accessions.
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209
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Um T, Park T, Shim JS, Kim YS, Lee GS, Choi IY, Kim JK, Seo JS, Park SC. Application of Upstream Open Reading Frames (uORFs) Editing for the Development of Stress-Tolerant Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073743. [PMID: 33916772 PMCID: PMC8038395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global population growth and climate change are posing increasing challenges to the production of a stable crop supply using current agricultural practices. The generation of genetically modified (GM) crops has contributed to improving crop stress tolerance and productivity; however, many regulations are still in place that limit their commercialization. Recently, alternative biotechnology-based strategies, such as gene-edited (GE) crops, have been in the spotlight. Gene-editing technology, based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) platform, has emerged as a revolutionary tool for targeted gene mutation, and has received attention as a game changer in the global biotechnology market. Here, we briefly introduce the concept of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) editing, which allows for control of the translation of downstream ORFs, and outline the potential for enhancing target gene expression by mutating uORFs. We discuss the current status of developing stress-tolerant crops, and discuss uORF targets associated with salt stress-responsive genes in rice that have already been verified by transgenic research. Finally, we overview the strategy for developing GE crops using uORF editing via the CRISPR-Cas9 system. A case is therefore made that the mutation of uORFs represents an efficient method for developing GE crops and an expansion of the scope of application of genome editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Um
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.U.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Taehyeon Park
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (T.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Youn Shic Kim
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (T.U.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Department of Agricultural and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (T.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea; (T.P.); (J.-K.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.S.); (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-33-339-5826 (J.S.S.); +82-63-238-4584 (S.C.P.)
| | - Soo Chul Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.S.S.); (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-33-339-5826 (J.S.S.); +82-63-238-4584 (S.C.P.)
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210
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Jayakumar A, Nair IC, Radhakrishnan EK. Environmental Adaptations of an Extremely Plant Beneficial Bacillus subtilis Dcl1 Identified Through the Genomic and Metabolomic Analysis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:687-702. [PMID: 33078238 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes ubiquitously colonize the internal tissues of plants and promote the plant growth through diverse mechanisms. The current study describes the mechanistic basis of plant-specific adaptations present in an extremely beneficial endophytic bacterium. Here, the endophytic Bacillus subtilis Dcl1 isolated from the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa was found to have the drought tolerance, IAA and ACC deaminase production and phosphate solubilization properties. The whole genome sequencing and annotation further showed the genome of B. subtilis Dcl1 to have the size of 4,321,654 bp. This also showed the presence of genes for IAA, H2S, acetoin, butanediol, flagella and siderophore production along with phosphate solubilization and biofilm formation for the B. subtilis Dcl1. In addition, the genes responsible for the synthesis of surfactin, iturin, fengycin, bacillibactin, bacillaene, bacilysin, chitinase, chitosanase, protease and glycoside hydrolase could also be annotated from the genome of B. subtilis Dcl1. Identification of genes for the glycine betaine, glutamate and trehalose further indicated the drought stress tolerance features of B. subtilis Dcl1. The presence of the genetic basis to produce the catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, glutathione and glycolate oxidase also indicated the plant oxidative stress protective effect of B. subtilis Dcl1. Identification of these properties and the demonstration of its plant probiotic effect in Vigna unguiculata confirmed the applicability of B. subtilis Dcl1 as a biofertilizer, biocontrol and bioremediator agent to enhance the agricultural productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Jayakumar
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India
| | - Indu C Nair
- Department of Biotechnology, SAS SNDP Yogam College, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, Kerala, 686 560, India.
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211
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Rajput VD, Harish, Singh RK, Verma KK, Sharma L, Quiroz-Figueroa FR, Meena M, Gour VS, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Antioxidant Defence Mechanism in Plants with Special Reference to Abiotic Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:267. [PMID: 33810535 PMCID: PMC8066271 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The stationary life of plants has led to the evolution of a complex gridded antioxidant defence system constituting numerous enzymatic components, playing a crucial role in overcoming various stress conditions. Mainly, these plant enzymes are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferases (GST), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which work as part of the antioxidant defence system. These enzymes together form a complex set of mechanisms to minimise, buffer, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiently. The present review is aimed at articulating the current understanding of each of these enzymatic components, with special attention on the role of each enzyme in response to the various environmental, especially abiotic stresses, their molecular characterisation, and reaction mechanisms. The role of the enzymatic defence system for plant health and development, their significance, and cross-talk mechanisms are discussed in detail. Additionally, the application of antioxidant enzymes in developing stress-tolerant transgenic plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Rupesh Kumar Singh
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Lav Sharma
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Roberto Quiroz-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fitomejoramiento Molecular, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Sinaloa (CIIDIR-IPN Unidad Sinaloa), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes no. 250, Col. San Joachín, C.P., 81101 Guasave, Mexico;
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India;
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, NH 11C, Kant Kalwar, Jaipur 303002, India;
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (T.M.); (S.S.); (S.M.)
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212
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CaDHN3, a Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Dehydrin Gene Enhances the Tolerance against Salt and Drought Stresses by Reducing ROS Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063205. [PMID: 33809823 PMCID: PMC8004091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrins (DHNs) play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance in a large number of plants, but very little is known about the function of DHNs in pepper plants. Here, we isolated a Y1SK2-type DHN gene “CaDHN3” from pepper. To authenticate the function of CaDHN3 in salt and drought stresses, it was overexpressed in Arabidopsis and silenced in pepper through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Sub-cellular localization showed that CaDHN3 was located in the nucleus and cell membrane. It was found that CaDHN3-overexpressed (OE) in Arabidopsis plants showed salt and drought tolerance phenotypic characteristics, i.e., increased the initial rooting length and germination rate, enhanced chlorophyll content, lowered the relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than the wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, a substantial increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes; including the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and higher O2•− contents in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Silencing of CaDHN3 in pepper decreased the salt- and drought-stress tolerance, through a higher REL and MDA content, and there was more accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the CaDHN3-silenced pepper plants than the control plants. Based on the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening and Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) results, we found that CaDHN3 interacts with CaHIRD11 protein in the plasma membrane. Correspondingly, the expressions of four osmotic-related genes were significantly up-regulated in the CaDHN3-overexpressed lines. In brief, our results manifested that CaDHN3 may play an important role in regulating the relative osmotic stress responses in plants through the ROS signaling pathway. The results of this study will provide a basis for further analyses of the function of DHN genes in pepper.
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213
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Quantitative Dissection of Salt Tolerance for Sustainable Wheat Production in Sodic Agro-Ecosystems through Farmers’ Participatory Approach: An Indian Experience. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To explore the comparative effects of field sodicity (soil pH) and irrigation water residual alkalinity (RSCiw) on physiological and biochemical attributes of salt tolerance, and crop performance of two wheat varieties (KRL 210, HD 2967), a total of 308 on-farm trials were carried out in sodicity affected Ghaghar Basin of Haryana, India. Salt tolerant variety KRL 210 maintained relatively higher leaf relative water content (RWC; 1.9%), photosynthetic rate (Pn; 5.1%), stomatal conductance (gS; 6.6%), and transpiration (E; 4.1%) with lower membrane injury (MII; −8.5%), and better control on accumulation of free proline (P; −18.4%), Na+/K+ in shoot (NaK_S; −23.1%) and root (NaK_R; −18.7%) portion compared to traditional HD 2967. Altered physiological response suppressed important yield-related traits revealing repressive effects of sodicity stress on wheat yields; albeit to a lesser extent in KRL 210 with each gradual increase in soil pH (0.77–1.10 t ha−1) and RSCiw (0.29–0.33 t ha−1). HD 2967 significantly outyielded KRL 210 only at soil pH ≤ 8.2 and RSCiw ≤ 2.5 me L−1. By comparisons, substantial improvements in salt tolerance potential of KRL 210 with increasing sodicity stress compensated in attaining significantly higher yields as and when soil pH becomes >8.7 and RSCiw > 4 me L−1. Designing such variety-oriented threshold limits of sodicity tolerance in wheat will help address the challenge to enhance crop resilience, closing the yield gaps and improve rural livelihood under the existing or predicted levels of salt stress.
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214
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Bellaloui N, Turley RB, Stetina SR. Cottonseed Protein, Oil, and Minerals in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Lines Differing in Curly Leaf Morphology. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030525. [PMID: 33799866 PMCID: PMC7998471 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cottonseed is an important source of protein, oil, and minerals for human health and livestock feed. Therefore, understanding the physiological and genetic traits influencing the nutrient content is critical. To our knowledge, there is no information available on the effects of leaf shape—curly leaf (CRL)—on cottonseed protein, oil, and minerals. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the effect of the curly leaf trait on cottonseed protein, oil, and minerals in cotton lines differing in leaf shape. Our hypothesis was that since leaf shape is known to be associated with nutrient uptake, assimilation, and photosynthesis process, leaf shape can influence seed protein, oil, and minerals. A two-year field experiment using two curly leaf lines (Uzbek CRL and DP 5690 CRL) and one normal leaf (DP 5690 wild type) line was conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Stoneville, MS, USA. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that both Uzbek CRL and DP 5690 wild type lines had higher seed oil, and nutrients N, P, K, and Mg than DP 5690 CRL. Calcium was higher in DP 5690 CRL for two years and protein was only higher than the parents in 2015. Consistent significant positive and negative correlations between some nutrients were observed, which may be due to environmental conditions, especially heat. This indicates that curly leaf trait may partially regulate the accumulation of these nutrients in seeds. The results demonstrated that leaf shape trait—curly leaf—can affect cottonseed nutritional qualities. This research is important to breeders for cotton selection for high seed oil or protein, and to other researchers to further understand the genetic impact of leaf shapes on seed nutritional quality. It is also important for scientists to use leaf shape as a tool for physiological, biochemical, and morphological research related to leaf development.
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215
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Mishra N, Tripathi MK, Tiwari S, Tripathi N, Sapre S, Ahuja A, Tiwari S. Cell Suspension Culture and In Vitro Screening for Drought Tolerance in Soybean Using Poly-Ethylene Glycol. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030517. [PMID: 33801940 PMCID: PMC8000259 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) is used in India mostly as a substantial fund of protein and oil, which makes the crop significantly important. Somaclonal variation has been researched as a base of additional variability for drought in soybean. In the present experiment calli/cell clumps/embryoids rose from immature and mature embryonic axis and cotyledons explants were exposed to different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). A discontinuous method proved to be superior as it permitted the calli/embryoids/cell clumps to regain their regeneration competence. A total of 64 (12.21%) plantlets of genotype JS335 and 78 (13.13%) of genotype JS93-05 were regenerated after four consequent subcultures on the selection medium with an effective lethal concentration of 20% PEG6000, and proliferated calli/embryoids/cell clumps were further subcultured on Murashige and Skoog regeneration medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 each of α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzyladenine (BA) and Kinetin (Kn), 20.0 gL-1 sucrose and 7.5 gL-1 agar. Putative drought-tolerant plantlets were acquired from genotype JS93-05 (38) in more numbers compared to genotype JS335 (26). Random decamer primers confirmed the presence of variability between mother plants and regenerated plants from both the genotypes. Since these plantlets recovered from tolerant calli/embryoids/cell clumps selected from the medium supplemented with PEG6000, the possibility exists that these plants may prove to be tolerant against drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishi Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India; (N.M.); (S.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India; (N.M.); (S.T.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9977034543
| | - Sushma Tiwari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India; (N.M.); (S.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Niraj Tripathi
- Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India;
| | - Swapnil Sapre
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India; (S.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ashok Ahuja
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India; (N.M.); (S.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Sharad Tiwari
- Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India; (S.S.); (S.T.)
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216
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Li Z, Tang M, Cheng B, Han L. Transcriptional regulation and stress-defensive key genes induced by γ-aminobutyric acid in association with tolerance to water stress in creeping bentgrass. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1858247. [PMID: 33470151 PMCID: PMC7889126 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1858247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts as an important regulator involved in the mediation of cell signal transduction and stress tolerance in plants. However, the function of GABA in transcriptional regulation is not fully understood in plants under water stress. The creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) was pretreated with or without GABA (0.5 mM) for 24 hours before being exposed to 5 days of water stress. Physiological analysis showed that GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher endogenous GABA content, leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, and lower osmotic potential than untreated plants under water stress. The GABA application also significantly alleviated stress-induced increases in superoxide anion (O2.-) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and electrolyte leakage through enhancing total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and peroxidase (POD) activity in response to water stress. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that the GABA-induced changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary metabolism helped to maintain better osmotic adjustment, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis when creeping bentgrass suffers from water stress. The GABA triggered Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) signaling and improved transcript levels of DREB1/2 and WRKY1/24/41 that could be associated with the upregulation of stress-related functional genes such as POD, DHNs, and HSP70 largely contributing to improved tolerance to water stress in relation to the antioxidant, prevention of cell dehydration, and protein protection in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyan Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liebao Han
- Institute of Turfgrass Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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217
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Xin Chi Y, Yang L, Jiang Zhao C, Muhammad I, Bo Zhou X, De Zhu H. Effects of soaking seeds in exogenous vitamins on active oxygen metabolism and seedling growth under low-temperature stress. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3254-3261. [PMID: 34121863 PMCID: PMC8176085 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of the exogenous application of vitamin B2 (VB2), B12 (VB12), biotin (VH), and nicotinic acid (VPP) on oxygen production in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings at 5 °C for day 1, 3, 5 and 7. The seeds were soaked in VB2, VB12, VH, and VPP solutions for 24 h at the concentration of 100 mg/L, and control was soaked in distilled water. A total of 50 seeds were used for each treatment in germination boxes was repeated three times. The germination box was placed in a hypothermic incubator for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in the dark at 5 °C, then moved to a plant growth room and kept for seven days. Compared with the VH and VPP treatments, the VB2 and VB12 treatments had higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, proline, and soluble sugars. The VB2 and VB12 treatments also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) than other treatments. The VB2 and VB12 treatments reduced the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 -), superoxide anion (O2 -), and the damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cells, increased the stability of the cell membrane and the content of cell osmoregulation substances. Moreover, VB2 and VB12 had higher seedling growth, germination rate, and index. Treatments VB2 and VB12 could promote maize seed germination and growth under low-temperature stress. Exogenous vitamins in crop production can be a valuable tool for protecting plants against low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin Chi
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chang Jiang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
- Corresponding author at: College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (C. Jiang Zhao); Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (X. Bo Zhou).
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Corresponding author at: College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China (C. Jiang Zhao); Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China (X. Bo Zhou).
| | - Hong De Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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218
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Transcriptional analysis of Rhazya stricta in response to jasmonic acid. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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219
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Bányai J, Maccaferri M, Láng L, Mayer M, Tóth V, Cséplő M, Pál M, Mészáros K, Vida G. Abiotic Stress Response of Near-Isogenic Spring Durum Wheat Lines under Different Sowing Densities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2053. [PMID: 33669605 PMCID: PMC7923076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed study was made of changes in the plant development, morphology, physiology and yield biology of near-isogenic lines of spring durum wheat sown in the field with different plant densities in two consecutive years (2013-2014). An analysis was made of the drought tolerance of isogenic lines selected for yield QTLs (QYld.idw-2B and QYld.idw-3B), and the presence of QTL effects was examined in spring sowings. Comparisons were made of the traits of the isogenic pairs QYld.idw-3B++ and QYld.idw-3B-- both within and between the pairs. Changes in the polyamine content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content of the flag leaf and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the plot were monitored in response to drought stress, and the relationship between these components and the yield was analyzed. In the case of moderate stress, differences between the NIL++ and NIL-- pairs appeared in the early dough stage, indicating that the QYld.idw-3B++ QTL region was able to maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period, resulting in greater grain number and grain weight at the end of the growing period. The chlorophyll content of the flag leaf in phenophases Z77 and Z83 was significantly correlated with the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. The grain yield was greatly influenced by the treatment, while the genotype had a significant effect on the thousand-kernel weight and on the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. When the lines were compared in the non-irrigated treatment, significantly more grains and significantly higher grain weight were observed in the main spike in NIL++ lines, confirming the theory that the higher yields of the QYld.idw-3B++ lines when sown in spring and exposed to drought stress could be attributed to the positive effect of the "Kofa" QTL on chromosome 3B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bányai
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Marco Maccaferri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - László Láng
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Marianna Mayer
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Viola Tóth
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Mónika Cséplő
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Magda Pál
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Klára Mészáros
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
| | - Gyula Vida
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Agricultural Institute, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary; (L.L.); (M.M.); (V.T.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (K.M.); (G.V.)
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220
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Abbasi-Vineh MA, Sabet MS, Karimzadeh G. Identification and Functional Analysis of Two Purple Acid Phosphatases AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 Involved in Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:618716. [PMID: 33679819 PMCID: PMC7928345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to salinity is a complex genetic trait including numerous physiological processes, such as metabolic pathways and gene networks; thereby, identification of genes indirectly affecting, as well as those directly influencing, is of utmost importance. In this study, we identified and elucidated the functional characterization of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 genes, as two novel purple acid phosphatases associated with high-salt tolerance in NaCl-stressed conditions. Here, the overexpression of both genes enhanced the expression level of AtSOS1, AtSOS2, AtSOS3, AtHKT1, AtVPV1, and AtNHX1 genes, involving in the K+/Na+ homeostasis pathway. The improved expression of the genes led to facilitating intracellular Na+ homeostasis and decreasing the ion-specific damages occurred in overexpressed genotypes (OEs). An increase in potassium content and K+/Na+ ratio was observed in OE17 and OE26 genotypes as well; however, lower content of sodium accumulated in these plants at 150 mM NaCl. The overexpression of these two genes resulted in the upregulation of the activity of the catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Consequently, the overexpressed plants showed the lower levels of hydrogen peroxide where the lowest amount of lipid peroxidation occurred in these lines. Besides the oxidation resistance, the boost of the osmotic regulation through the increased proline and glycine-betaine coupled with a higher content of pigments and carbohydrates resulted in significantly enhancing biomass production and yield in the OEs under 150 mM NaCl. High-salt stress was also responsible for a sharp induction on the expression of both PAP17 and PAP26 genes. Our results support the hypothesis that these two phosphatases are involved in plant responses to salt stress by APase activity and/or non-APase activity thereof. The overexpression of PAP17 and PAP26 could result in increasing the intracellular APase activity in both OEs, which exhibited significant increases in the total phosphate and free Pi content compared to the wild-type plants. Opposite results witnessed in mutant genotypes (Mu17, Mu26, and DM), associating with the loss of AtPAP17 and AtPAP26 functions, clearly confirmed the role of these two genes in salt tolerance. Hence, these genes can be used as candidate genes in molecular breeding approaches to improve the salinity tolerance of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Abbasi-Vineh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Sabet
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Karimzadeh
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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221
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Polishchuk OV. Stress-Related Changes in the Expression and Activity of Plant Carbonic Anhydrases. PLANTA 2021; 253:58. [PMID: 33532871 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The data on stress-related changes in the expression and activity of plant carbonic anhydrases (CAs) suggest that they are generally upregulated at moderate stress severity. This indicates probable involvement of CAs in adaptation to drought, high salinity, heat, high light, Ci deficit, and excess bicarbonate. The changes in CA levels under cold stress are less studied and generally represented by the downregulation of CAs excepting βCA2. Excess Cd2+ and deficit of Zn2+ specifically reduce CA activity and reduce its synthesis. Probable roles of βCAs in stress adaptation include stomatal closure, ROS scavenging and partial compensation for decreased mesophyll CO2 conductance. βCAs play contrasting roles in pathogen responses, interacting with phytohormone signaling networks. Their role can be either negative or positive, probably depending on the host-pathogen system, pathogen initial titer, and levels of ·NO and ROS. It is still not clear why CAs are suppressed under severe stress levels. It should be noted, that the role of βCAs in the facilitation of CO2 diffusion and their involvement in redox signaling or ROS detoxication are potentially antagonistic, as they are inactivated by oxidation or nitrosylation. Interestingly, some chloroplastic βCAs may be relocated to the cytoplasm under stress conditions, but the physiological meaning of this effect remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Polishchuk
- Membranology and Phytochemistry Department, M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of NAS of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str, Kyiv, 01004, Ukraine.
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222
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Meyer P, Förster N, Huyskens‐Keil S, Ulrichs C, Geilfus C. Phenolic compound abundance in Pak choi leaves is controlled by salinity and dependent on pH of the leaf apoplast. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:36-44. [PMID: 37283845 PMCID: PMC10168030 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Onset of salinity induces the pH of the leaf apoplast of Pak choi transiently to increase over a period of 2 to 3 hr. This pH event causes protein abundances in leaves to increase. Among them are enzymes that are key for the phenylpropanoid pathway. To answer the questions whether this short-term salt stress also influences contents of the underlying phenylpropanoids and for clarifying as to whether the apoplastic pH transient plays a role for such a putative effect, Pak choi plants were treated with 37.5 mM CaCl2 against a non-stressed control. A third experimental group, where the leaf apoplast of plants treated with 37.5 mM CaCl2, was clamped in the acidic range by means of infiltration of 5 mM citric acid/sodium citrate (pH 3.6), enabled validation of pH-dependent effects. Microscopy-based live cell imaging was used to quantify leaf apoplastic pH in planta. Phenolics were quantified shortly after the formation of the leaf apoplastic pH transient by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Results showed that different phenolic compounds were modulated at 150 and 200 min after the onset of chloride salinity. A pH-independent reduction in phenolic acid abundance as well as an accumulation of phenolic acid:malate conjugates was quantified after 200 min of salt stress. However, at 150 min after the onset of salt stress, flavonoids were significantly reduced by salinity in a pH-dependent manner. These results provided a strong indication that the pH of the apoplast is a relevant component for the short-term metabolic response to chloride salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Meyer
- Faculty of Life SciencesDivision of Controlled Environment HorticultureHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Nadja Förster
- Faculty of Life SciencesDivision Urban Plant EcophysiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Susanne Huyskens‐Keil
- Faculty of Life SciencesDivision Urban Plant EcophysiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christian Ulrichs
- Faculty of Life SciencesDivision Urban Plant EcophysiologyHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Christoph‐Martin Geilfus
- Faculty of Life SciencesDivision of Controlled Environment HorticultureHumboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
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Keller I, Rodrigues CM, Neuhaus HE, Pommerrenig B. Improved resource allocation and stabilization of yield under abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153336. [PMID: 33360492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sugars are the main building blocks for carbohydrate storage, but also serve as signaling molecules and protective compounds during abiotic stress responses. Accordingly, sugar transport proteins fulfill multiple roles as they mediate long distance sugar allocation, but also shape the subcellular and tissue-specific carbohydrate profiles by balancing the levels of these molecules in various compartments. Accordingly, transporter activity represents a target by classical or directed breeding approaches, to either, directly increase phloem loading or to increase sink strength in crop species. The relative subcellular distribution of sugars is critical for molecular signaling affecting yield-relevant processes like photosynthesis, onset of flowering and stress responses, while controlled long-distance sugar transport directly impacts development and productivity of plants. However, long-distance transport is prone to become unbalanced upon adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, we highlight the influence of stress stimuli on sucrose transport in the phloem and include the role of stress induced cellular carbohydrate sinks, like raffinose or fructans, which possess important roles to build up tolerance against challenging environmental conditions. In addition, we report on recent breeding approaches that resulted in altered source and sink capacities, leading to increased phloem sucrose shuttling in crops. Finally, we present strategies integrating the need of cellular stress-protection into the general picture of long-distance transport under abiotic stress, and point to possible approaches improving plant performance and resource allocation under adverse environmental conditions, leading to stabilized or even increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Keller
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Zheng X, Li Y, Xi X, Ma C, Sun Z, Yang X, Li X, Tian Y, Wang C. Exogenous Strigolactones alleviate KCl stress by regulating photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in Malus hupehensis Rehd. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:113-122. [PMID: 33359960 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, the application of large amounts of potash fertilizer in apple orchards leads to worsening KCl stress. Strigolactone (SL), as a novel phytohormone, reportedly participates in plant tolerance to NaCl and drought stresses. However, the underlying mechanism and the effects of exogenous SL on the KCl stress of apple seedlings remain unclear. METHODS We sprayed different concentrations of exogenous SL on Malus hupehensis Rehd. under KCl stress and measured the physiological indexes like, photosynthetic parameter, content of ROS, osmolytes and mineral element. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and SL-signaling genes were also detected and analyzed. RESULTS Application of exogenous SL protected the chlorophyll and maintained the photosynthetic rate of apple seedlings under KCl stress. Exogenous SL strengthened the enzyme activities of peroxidase and catalase, thereby eliminating reactive oxygen species production induced by KCl stress, promoting the accumulation of proline, and maintaining osmotic balance. Exogenous SL expelled K+ outside of the cytoplasm and compartmentalized K+ into the vacuole, increased the contents of Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+ in the cytoplasm to maintain the ion homeostasis under KCl stress. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous SL can regulate photosynthesis, ROS migration and ion transport in apple seedlings to alleviate KCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yuqi Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiangli Xi
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China; College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xueqing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao 266109, China.
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225
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Fernández Nevyl S, Battaglia ME. Developmental plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana under combined cold and water deficit stresses during flowering stage. PLANTA 2021; 253:50. [PMID: 33506329 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Morpho-physiological changes were observed in Arabidopsis plants acclimated to long-term combined cold and water deficit stresses. Limiting growth and differences in bolting, flowering, and silique development were evidenced. In nature, plants are exposed to multiple and simultaneous abiotic stresses that influence their growth, development, and reproduction. In the last years, the study of combined stresses has aroused the interest to know the physiological and molecular responses, because these new stress conditions are probed to be different from the sum of the individual stress. We are interested in the study of the acclimation of plants growing under the combination of cold and water deficit stresses prevalent in cold-arid or semi-arid climates worldwide. We hypothesized that the reproduction of the acclimated plants will be compromised and affected. Arabidopsis plants were submitted to long-term combined stress from the beginning to the reproductive stage, when floral bud was visible, until the silique development. Our results demonstrate severe morpho-anatomical changes after acclimation to combined stress. Inflorescence stem morphology was altered having a delayed bolting and a limited growth. Flowering and silique formation were delayed, and a higher size in the corolla and the petals was observed. Flower and silique number were severely diminished as a result of combined stress, unlike acclimated plants to individual cold stress. These traits were recovered after deacclimation to optimal conditions and plants achieved similar silique production as control plants. The long-term stress results suggest that there is not a single dominant stress, but there is an alternating dominance depending on the structure or the plant stage development evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Fernández Nevyl
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación Para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (FCEyN, UNMdP), Funes 3250, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marina E Battaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología (INBIOTEC-CONICET), Fundación Para Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (FIBA), Vieytes 3103, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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226
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Zhang J, Ren T, Yang J, Xu L, Li M, Zhang Y, Han X, He N. Leaf Multi-Element Network Reveals the Change of Species Dominance Under Nitrogen Deposition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:580340. [PMID: 33552115 PMCID: PMC7862345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.580340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Elements are important functional traits reflecting plant response to climate change. Multiple elements work jointly in plant physiology. Although a large number of studies have focused on the variation and allocation of multiple elements in plants, it remains unclear how these elements co-vary to adapt to environmental change. We proposed a novel concept of the multi-element network including the mutual effects between element concentrations to more effectively explore the alterations in response to long-term nitrogen (N) deposition. Leaf multi-element networks were constructed with 18 elements (i.e., six macronutrients, six micronutrients, and six trace elements) in this study. Multi-element networks were species-specific, being effectively discriminated irrespective of N deposition level. Different sensitive elements and interactions to N addition were found in different species, mainly concentrating on N, Ca, Mg, Mn, Li, Sr, Ba, and their related stoichiometry. Interestingly, high plasticity of multi-element network increased or maintained relative aboveground biomass (species dominance) in community under simulated N deposition, which developed the multi-element network hypothesis. In summary, multi-element networks provide a novel approach for exploring the adaptation strategies of plants and to better predict the change of species dominance under altering nutrient availability or environmental stress associated with future global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University and Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China
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227
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Hussain MS, Naeem MS, Tanvir MA, Nawaz MF, Abd-Elrahman A. Eco-physiological evaluation of multipurpose tree species to ameliorate saline soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:969-981. [PMID: 33455421 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1871321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a widespread soil and underground water contaminant threatening food security and economic stability. Phytoremediation is an efficient and environmental-friendly solution to mitigate salinity impacts. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of five multipurpose trees: Vachellia nilotica, Concorpus erectus, Syzygium cumini, Tamarix aphylla and Eucalyptus cammaldulensis under four salinity treatments: Control, 10, 20 and 30 dS m-1. Salinity negatively impacted all the tested species. However, E. cammaldulensis and T. aphylla exhibited the lowest reduction (28%) and (35%) in plant height respectively along with a minimal reduction in leaf gas exchange while V. nilotica, S. cumini and C. erectus showed severe dieback. Similarly, the antioxidant enzymes increased significantly in E. cammaldulensis and T. aphylla as Superoxide Dismutase (87% and 79%), Catalase (66% and 67%) and Peroxidase (89% and 81%), respectively. Furthermore, both of these species maintained optimum Na/K ratio reducing the highest levels of soil ECe and SAR, suggesting the best phytoremediation potential. The present study identifies that E. cammaldulensis and T. aphylla showed effective tolerance mechanisms and the highest salt sequestration; therefore, may be used for phyto-amelioration of salinity impacted lands. Novelty statement Although previous studies evaluated the tolerance potential of many tree species, comparative and physiochemical evaluation of multipurpose tree species has been remained unexplored. In this scenario, eco-physiological characterization of multipurpose tree species may inform tree species for phytoremediation of saline soils according to the level of salinity. Optimizing tree species selection also improves the success of wood for energy and revenue generation while restoring degraded soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safdar Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faculty Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faculty Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Faculty Agriculture, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amr Abd-Elrahman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation Institute of Food and Agriculture, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Plant City, FL, USA
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228
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Hamooh BT, Sattar FA, Wellman G, Mousa MAA. Metabolomic and Biochemical Analysis of Two Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Exposed to In Vitro Osmotic and Salt Stresses. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010098. [PMID: 33418964 PMCID: PMC7825055 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many crop production areas are threatened by drought and salinity. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is susceptible to these challenging environmental conditions. In this study, an in vitro approach was employed to compare the tolerance of potato cultivars ‘BARI-401’ (red skin) and ‘Spunta’ (yellow skin). To simulate ionic and osmotic stress, MS media was supplemented with lithium chloride (LiCl 20 mM) and mannitol (150 mM). GC-MS and spectrophotometry techniques were used to determine metabolite accumulation. Other biochemical properties, such as total phenols concentration (TPC), total flavonoids concentration (TFC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH free radical scavenging capacity), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities, were also measured. The two cultivars respond differently to ionic and osmotic stress treatments, with Spunta accumulating more defensive metabolites in response, indicating a higher level of tolerance. While further investigation of the physiological and biochemical responses of these varieties to drought and salinity is required, the approach taken in this paper provides useful information prior to open field evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahget Talat Hamooh
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farooq Abdul Sattar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or (F.A.S.); (M.A.A.M.)
| | - Gordon Wellman
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Vegetables, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (F.A.S.); (M.A.A.M.)
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229
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Shryock DF, Washburn LK, DeFalco LA, Esque TC. Harnessing landscape genomics to identify future climate resilient genotypes in a desert annual. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:698-717. [PMID: 33007116 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Local adaptation features critically in shaping species responses to changing environments, complicating efforts to revegetate degraded areas. Rapid climate change poses an additional challenge that could reduce fitness of even locally sourced seeds in restoration. Predictive restoration strategies that apply seeds with favourable adaptations to future climate may promote long-term resilience. Landscape genomics is increasingly used to assess spatial patterns in local adaption and may represent a cost-efficient approach for identifying future-adapted genotypes. To demonstrate such an approach, we genotyped 760 plants from 64 Mojave Desert populations of the desert annual Plantago ovata. Genome scans on 5,960 SNPs identified 184 potentially adaptive loci related to climate and satellite vegetation metrics. Causal modelling indicated that variation in potentially adaptive loci was not confounded by isolation by distance or isolation by habitat resistance. A generalized dissimilarity model (GDM) attributed spatial turnover in potentially adaptive loci to temperature, precipitation and NDVI amplitude, a measure of vegetation green-up potential. By integrating a species distribution model (SDM), we find evidence that summer maximum temperature may both constrain the range of P. ovata and drive adaptive divergence in populations exposed to higher temperatures. Within the species' current range, warm-adapted genotypes are predicted to experience a fivefold expansion in climate niche by midcentury and could harbour key adaptations to cope with future climate. We recommend eight seed transfer zones and project each zone into its relative position in future climate. Prioritizing seed collection efforts on genotypes with expanding future habitat represents a promising strategy for restoration practitioners to address rapidly changing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Shryock
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Henderson, NV, USA
| | | | - Lesley A DeFalco
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Henderson, NV, USA
| | - Todd C Esque
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Henderson, NV, USA
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230
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Hassan MJ, Geng W, Zeng W, Raza MA, Khan I, Iqbal MZ, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Li Z. Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Priming Ameliorates Seed Germination via Involvement in Hormonal Changes, Osmotic Adjustment, and Dehydrins Accumulation in White Clover Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709187. [PMID: 34394164 PMCID: PMC8358406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious outcome of climate change reducing the productivity of forage species under arid and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel plant growth regulator, has proven to be involved in the amelioration of critical physiological functions in many agricultural crops under various abiotic stresses, but the role of the DA-6 in improving seed germination has never been investigated under drought stress. The present study was carried out to elucidate the impact of the DA-6 priming on seeds germination of white clover under drought stress. Results showed that seed priming with the DA-6 significantly mitigated the drought-induced reduction in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight after 7 days of seed germination. The DA-6 significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin content with marked reduction in abscisic acid content in seedlings under drought stress. In addition, the DA-6 significantly accelerated starch catabolism by enhancing the activities of hydrolases contributing toward enhanced soluble sugars, proline content and ameliorated the antioxidant defense system to enhance the ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 application significantly increased dehydrins accumulation and upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding dehydrins (SK2, Y2SK, or DHNb) during seeds germination under water deficient condition. These findings suggested that the DA-6 mediated seeds germination and drought tolerance associated with changes in endogenous phytohormones resulting in increased starch degradation, osmotic adjustment, antioxidants activity, and dehydrins accumulation during seed germination under water deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan Geng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihang Zeng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqun Zhu
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqun Zhu,
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Zhou Li,
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231
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Xu K, Chen S, Li T, Yu S, Zhao H, Liu H, Luo L. Overexpression of OsHMGB707, a High Mobility Group Protein, Enhances Rice Drought Tolerance by Promoting Stress-Related Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:711271. [PMID: 34421959 PMCID: PMC8375505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.711271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress adversely affects crop growth and productivity worldwide. In response, plants have evolved several strategies in which numerous genes are induced to counter stress. High mobility group (HMG) proteins are the second most abundant family of chromosomal proteins. They play a crucial role in gene transcriptional regulation by modulating the chromatin/DNA structure. In this study, we isolated a novel HMG gene, OsHMGB707, one of the candidate genes localized in the quantitative trait loci (QTL) interval of rice drought tolerance, and examined its function on rice stress tolerance. The expression of OsHMGB707 was up-regulated by dehydration and high salt treatment. Its overexpression significantly enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic rice plants, whereas its knockdown through RNA interference (RNAi) did not affect the drought tolerance of the transgenic rice plants. Notably, OsHMGB707-GFP is localized in the cell nucleus, and OsHMGB707 is protein-bound to the synthetic four-way junction DNA. Several genes were up-regulated in OsHMGB707-overexpression (OE) rice lines compared to the wild-type rice varieties. Some of the genes encode stress-related proteins (e.g., DREB transcription factors, heat shock protein 20, and heat shock protein DnaJ). In summary, OsHMGB707 encodes a stress-responsive high mobility group protein and regulates rice drought tolerance by promoting the expression of stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoujun Chen
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianfei Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunwu Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Liu,
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Lijun Luo,
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232
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Li N, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Cao B, Xu K. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Contrasting Chinese Cabbage ( Brassica rapa L.) Genotypes Reveals That Ion Homeostasis Is a Crucial Biological Pathway Involved in the Rapid Adaptive Response to Salt Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683891. [PMID: 34194457 PMCID: PMC8236865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salt is the most important limiting factor in plant yield and quality. Different Chinese cabbage cultivars appeared different salt tolerances, but there are few studies attempting to elucidate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. In this study, 100 mmol L-1 NaCl was found to be the most suitable treatment concentration according to a sprouting bag test of 39 Chinese cabbage cultivars, and through comprehensive comparison and analysis, the relative values of fresh weight and electrolyte leakage in leaves proved to be convenient indicators for the identification of salt tolerance in Chinese cabbage. We analyzed the physiological responses of Qinghua45 (salt-tolerant) and Biyuchunhua (salt-sensitive) in terms of the growth indexes, ion homeostasis and Photosynthesis, the results indicated that Qinghua45 could ensure osmotic regulation, ion homeostasis and photosynthesis under salt stress. Next, we compared the transcriptome dynamics of the two cultivars. Overall, 2,859 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the number of DEGs in Qinghua45 was significantly less than that in Biyuchunhua. VDAC promoted the release of Ca2+, which indirectly promoted the transport of Na+ to vacuoles through the SOS2 pathway. Cation/H (+) antiporter 17 and V-H + -ATPase improve the exchange of Na+ and H+ and maintain Na+ in the vacuoles, thereby reducing the injury affected by salt stress. Increases in galactinol synthase and soluble protein synthesis helped relieve osmotic stress caused by salt, together, they regulated the Na+ content and chlorophyll biosynthesis of the plant and enabled the plant to adapt to salt stress over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, China
| | - Zhihuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, China
- Bili Cao,
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai’an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Xu,
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Miranzadeh M, Nikbakht R, Arokh M, Ebrahimi B, Rabbani D, Atoof F. Investigating changes in groundwater level in Kashan plain. INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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234
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Ketehouli T, Zhou YG, Dai SY, Carther KFI, Sun DQ, Li Y, Nguyen QVH, Xu H, Wang FW, Liu WC, Li XW, Li HY. A soybean calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase, GmPKS4, regulates plant responses to salt and alkali stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 256:153331. [PMID: 33310529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are key elements of plant abiotic stress signaling pathways. CIPKs are SOS2 (Salt Overly Sensitive 2)-like proteins (protein kinase S [PKS] proteins) which all contain a putative FISL motif. It seems that the FISL motif is found only in the SOS2 subfamily of protein kinases. In this study, the full-length cDNA of a soybean CIPK gene (GmPKS4) was isolated and was revealed to have an important role in abiotic stress responses. A qRT-PCR analysis indicated that GmPKS4 expression is upregulated under saline conditions or when exposed to alkali, salt-alkali, drought, or abscisic acid (ABA). A subcellular localization assay revealed the presence of GmPKS4 in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Further studies on the GmPKS4 promoter suggested it affects soybean resistance to various stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean hairy roots overexpressing GmPKS4 had increased proline content as well as high antioxidant enzyme activities but decreased malondialdehyde levels following salt and salt-alkali stress treatments. Additionally, GmPKS4 overexpression activated reactive oxygen species scavenging systems, thereby minimizing damages due to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Moreover, upregulated stress-related gene expression levels were detected in lines overexpressing GmPKS4 under stress conditions. In conclusion, GmPKS4 improves soybean tolerance to salt and salt-alkali stresses. The overexpression of GmPKS4 enhances the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, osmolyte synthesis, and the transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toi Ketehouli
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Yong-Gang Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China(2); College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Si-Yu Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Kue Foka Idrice Carther
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Da-Qian Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Yang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Quoc Viet Hoang Nguyen
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Hu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Fa-Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Wei-Can Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
| | - Hai-Yan Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China(2); College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China(3).
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235
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Munawar W, Hameed A, Khan MKR. Differential Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Cotton Genotypes Under Various Salinity Stress Levels During Early Growth Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:622309. [PMID: 33777064 PMCID: PMC7990906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.622309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a primary agriculture product important for fiber use in textiles and the second major oil seed crop. Cotton is considered as moderately tolerant to salt stress with salinity threshold of 7.7 dS/m at seedling stage. Salinity causes reduction in the growth of seedlings and cotton production that limits fiber quality and cotton yield. In this study, initially, 22 cotton genotypes were screened for relative salt tolerance using germination test in Petri plates (growth chamber). Selected 11 genotypes were further tested in pot experiment (sand) with 0, 15, and 20 dS/m NaCl treatments under glass house conditions. At four-leaves stage, different morphological and physiological traits were measured for all genotypes while biochemical analysis was performed on selected seven highly tolerant and sensitive genotypes. NaCl treatment significantly reduced plant biomass in two genotypes IR-NIBGE-13 and BS-2018, while NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and GH-HADI had least difference in fresh weight between the control and NaCl-treated plants. Photosynthetic rate was maintained in all the genotypes with the exception of SITARA-16. In two sensitive genotypes (IR-NIBGE-13 and 6071/16), Na+ ion accumulated more in leaves as compared to K+ ion under stress conditions, and an increase in Na+/K+ ratio was also observed. The lesser accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in stressed plants of NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and FH-152 indicated that these genotypes had adaption capacity for salinity stress in comparison with sensitive genotypes, i.e., IR-NIBGE-13 and 6071/16. The observed salt tolerance was corelated with plant biomass maintenance (morphological), photosynthetic rate, and ionic homeostasis (K+/Na+ ratio, physiological) and biochemical stress marker regulations. After a series of experiments, it was concluded that NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and FH-152 could be utilized in breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance in cotton and can expand cotton cultivation in saline area.
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236
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Ye H, Qiao L, Guo H, Guo L, Ren F, Bai J, Wang Y. Genome-Wide Identification of Wheat WRKY Gene Family Reveals That TaWRKY75-A Is Referred to Drought and Salt Resistances. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663118. [PMID: 34149760 PMCID: PMC8212938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that WRKY transcription factors play essential roles in plants' response to diverse stress responses, especially to drought and salt stresses. However, a full comprehensive analysis of this family in wheat is still missing. Here we used in silico analysis and identified 124 WRKY genes, including 294 homeologous copies from a high-quality reference genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum). We also found that the TaWRKY gene family did not undergo gene duplication rather than gene loss during the evolutionary process. The TaWRKY family members displayed different expression profiles under several abiotic stresses, indicating their unique functions in the mediation of particular responses. Furthermore, TaWRKY75-A was highly induced after polyethylene glycol and salt treatments. The ectopic expression of TaWRKY75-A in Arabidopsis enhanced drought and salt tolerance. A comparative transcriptome analysis demonstrated that TaWRKY75-A integrated jasmonic acid biosynthetic pathway and other potential metabolic pathways to increase drought and salt resistances in transgenic Arabidopsis. Our study provides valuable insights into the WRKY family in wheat and will generate a useful genetic resource for improving wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Linyi Qiao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fei Ren
- School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jianfang Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianfang Bai,
| | - Yukun Wang
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jianfang Bai,
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237
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KILINÇOĞLU N, CEVHERİ Cİ, CEVHERİ C, NAHYA HY. The Effect of Exogenous Proline Application on Cotton Plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Drought Stress on Some Physiological Parameters. COMMAGENE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.31594/commagene.783027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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238
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A Review of Remote Sensing Challenges for Food Security with Respect to Salinity and Drought Threats. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drought and salinity stress are considered to be the two main factors limiting crop productivity. With climate change, these stresses are projected to increase, further exacerbating the risks to global food security. Consequently, to tackle this problem, better agricultural management is required on the basis of improved drought and salinity stress monitoring capabilities. Remote sensing makes it possible to monitor crop health at various spatiotemporal scales and extents. However, remote sensing has not yet been used to monitor both drought and salinity stresses simultaneously. The aim of this paper is to review the current ability of remote sensing to detect the impact of these stresses on vegetation indices (VIs) and crop trait responses. We found that VIs are insufficiently accurate (0.02 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.80) to characterize the crop health under drought and salinity stress. In contrast, we found that plant functional traits have a high potential to monitor the impacts of such stresses on crop health, as they are more in line with the vegetation processes. However, we also found that further investigations are needed to achieve this potential. Specifically, we found that the spectral signals concerning drought and salinity stress were inconsistent for the various crop traits. This inconsistency was present (a) between studies utilizing similar crops and (b) between investigations studying different crops. Moreover, the response signals for joint drought and salinity stress overlapped spectrally, thereby significantly limiting the application of remote sensing to monitor these separately. Therefore, to consistently monitor crop responses to drought and salinity, we need to resolve the current indeterminacy of the relationships between crop traits and spectrum and evaluate multiple traits simultaneously. Using radiative transfer models (RTMs) and multi-sensor frameworks allow monitoring multiple crop traits and may constitute a way forward toward evaluating drought and salinity impacts.
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239
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Li J, Islam F, Huang Q, Wang J, Zhou W, Xu L, Yang C. Genome-wide characterization of WRKY gene family in Helianthus annuus L. and their expression profiles under biotic and abiotic stresses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241965. [PMID: 33270651 PMCID: PMC7714227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in various physiological processes and stress responses in flowering plants. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important vegetable oil supplies in the world. However, the information about WRKY genes in sunflower is limited. In this study, ninety HaWRKY genes were identified and renamed according to their locations on chromosomes. Further phylogenetic analyses classified them into four main groups including a species-specific WKKY group. Besides, HaWRKY genes within the same group or subgroup generally showed similar exon-intron structures and motif compositions. The gene duplication analysis showed that five pairs of HaWRKY genes (HaWRKY8/9, HaWRKY53/54, HaWRKY65/66, HaWRKY66/67 and HaWRKY71/72) are tandem duplicated and four HaWRKY gene pairs (HaWRKY15/82, HaWRKY25/65, HaWRKY28/55 and HaWRKY50/53) are also identified as segmental duplication events, indicating that these duplication genes were contribute to the diversity and expansion of HaWRKY gene families. The dN/dS ratio of these duplicated gene pairs were also calculated to understand the evolutionary constraints. In addition, synteny analyses of sunflower WRKY genes provided deep insight to the evolution of HaWRKY genes. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analyses of HaWRKY genes displayed distinct expression patterns in different plant tissues, as well as under various abiotic and biotic stresses, which provide a foundation for further functional analyses of these genes. Those functional genes related to stress tolerance and quality improvement could be applied in marker assisted breeding of the crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Lab of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (CY)
| | - Chong Yang
- Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (CY)
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240
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Jia T, Zhang K, Li F, Huang Y, Fan M, Huang T. The AtMYB2 inhibits the formation of axillary meristem in Arabidopsis by repressing RAX1 gene under environmental stresses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1755-1765. [PMID: 32970176 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AtMYB2 protein represses the formation of axillary meristems in response to environmental stresses so that plants can undergo a shorter vegetative development stage under environmental stresses. Shoot branching is an important event determined by endogenous factors during the development of plants. The formation of axillary meristem is also significantly repressed by environmental stresses and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. The REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEMS (RAX) genes encode the R2R3 MYB transcription factors that have been shown to regulate the formation of axillary meristems in Arabidopsis. The AtMYB2 is also a member of R2R3 MYB gene family whose expression is usually induced by the environmental stresses. In this study, our results showed that AtMYB2 protein plays a pivotal negative regulatory role in the formation of axillary meristem. AtMYB2 is mainly expressed in the leaf axils as that of RAX1. The environmental stresses can increase the expression of AtMYB2 protein which further inhibits the expression of RAX1 gene by binding to its promoter. Therefore, AtMYB2 protein represses the formation of axillary meristems in response to environmental stresses so that plants can undergo a shorter vegetative development stage under environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yifeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Manman Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
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241
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Wang D, Wang L, Su W, Ren Y, You C, Zhang C, Que Y, Su Y. A class III WRKY transcription factor in sugarcane was involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20964. [PMID: 33262418 PMCID: PMC7708483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play significant roles in plant stress responses. In this study, a class III WRKY gene ScWRKY5, was successfully isolated from sugarcane variety ROC22. The ScWRKY5 was a nucleus protein with transcriptional activation activity. The ScWRKY5 gene was constitutively expressed in all the sugarcane tissues, with the highest expression level in the stem epidermis and the lowest in the root. After inoculation with Sporisorium scitamineum for 1 d, the expression level of ScWRKY5 was significantly increased in two smut-resistant varieties (YZ01-1413 and LC05-136), while it was decreased in three smut-susceptible varieties (ROC22, YZ03-103, and FN40). Besides, the expression level of ScWRKY5 was increased by the plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), as well as the abiotic factors polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl). Transient overexpression of the ScWRKY5 gene enhanced the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to the tobacco bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, however the transiently overexpressed N. benthamiana was more sensitive to the tobacco fungal pathogen Fusarium solani var. coeruleum. These results provide a reference for further research on the resistance function of sugarcane WRKY genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Weihua Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Yongjuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chuihuai You
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Yachun Su
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China.
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242
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Marqués-Gálvez JE, Navarro-Ródenas A, Peguero-Pina JJ, Arenas F, Guarnizo AL, Gil-Pelegrín E, Morte A. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 modifies responses to water-stress and flowering of Mediterranean desert truffle mycorrhizal shrubs. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:537-549. [PMID: 32869857 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicted increases in atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) coupled with increased temperatures and drought are expected to strongly influence the development of most of the plant species in the world, especially in areas with high risk of desertification like the Mediterranean basin. Helianthemum almeriense is an ecologically important Mediterranean shrub with an added interest because it serves as the host for the Terfezia claveryi mycorrhizal fungus, which is a desert truffle with increasingly commercial interest. Although both plant and fungi are known to be well adapted to dry conditions, it is still uncertain how the increase in atmospheric CO2 will influence them. In this article we have addressed the physiological responses of H. almeriense × T. claveryi mycorrhizal plants to increases in atmospheric CO2 coupled with drought and high vapor pressure deficit. This work reports one of the few estimations of mesophyll conductance in a drought deciduous Mediterranean shrub and evaluates its role in photosynthesis limitation. High atmospheric CO2 concentrations help desert truffle mycorrhizal plants to cope with the adverse effects of progressive drought during Mediterranean springs by improving carbon net assimilation, intrinsic water use efficiency and dispersal of the species through increased flowering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Marqués-Gálvez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Navarro-Ródenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Luigi Guarnizo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asunción Morte
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Botánica), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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243
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Responses to Salt Stress in Portulaca: Insight into Its Tolerance Mechanisms. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121660. [PMID: 33260911 PMCID: PMC7760961 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and its detrimental effects on agricultural production, freshwater availability and biodiversity accentuated the need for more stress-tolerant varieties of crops. This requires unraveling the underlying pathways that convey tolerance to abiotic stress in wild relatives of food crops, industrial crops and ornamentals, whose tolerance was not eroded by crop cycles. In this work we try to demonstrate the feasibility of such strategy applying and investigating the effects of saline stress in different species and cultivars of Portulaca. We attempted to unravel the main mechanisms of stress tolerance in this genus and to identify genotypes with higher tolerance, a procedure that could be used as an early detection method for other ornamental and minor crops. To investigate these mechanisms, six-week-old seedlings were subjected to saline stress for 5 weeks with increasing salt concentrations (up to 400 mM NaCl). Several growth parameters and biochemical stress markers were determined in treated and control plants, such as photosynthetic pigments, monovalent ions (Na+, K+ and Cl−), different osmolytes (proline and soluble sugars), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde—a by-product of membrane lipid peroxidation—MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids). The applied salt stress inhibited plant growth, degraded photosynthetic pigments, increased concentrations of specific osmolytes in both leaves and roots, but did not induce significant oxidative stress, as demonstrated by only small fluctuations in MDA levels. All Portulaca genotypes analyzed were found to be Na+ and Cl− includers, accumulating high amounts of these ions under saline stress conditions, but P. grandiflora proved to be more salt tolerant, showing only a small reduction under growth stress, an increased flower production and the lowest reduction in K+/Na+ rate in its leaves.
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244
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Haller E, Iven T, Feussner I, Stahl M, Fröhlich K, Löffelhardt B, Gust AA, Nürnberger T. ABA-Dependent Salt Stress Tolerance Attenuates Botrytis Immunity in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:594827. [PMID: 33312187 PMCID: PMC7704454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved adaptive measures to cope with abiotic and biotic challenges simultaneously. Combinatorial stress responses require environmental signal integration and response prioritization to balance stress adaptation and growth. We have investigated the impact of salt, an important environmental factor in arid regions, on the Arabidopsis innate immune response. Activation of a classical salt stress response resulted in increased susceptibility to infection with hemibiotrophic Pseudomonas syringae or necrotrophic Alternaria brassicicola, and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. Surprisingly, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI)-associated responses were largely unaffected upon salt pre-treatment. However, we further observed a strong increase in phytohormone levels. Particularly, abscisic acid (ABA) levels were already elevated before pathogen infection, and application of exogenous ABA substituted for salt-watering in increasing Arabidopsis susceptibility toward B. cinerea infection. We propose a regulatory role of ABA in attenuating Botrytis immunity in this plant under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Haller
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Iven
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Albrecht von Haller Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Albrecht von Haller Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Stahl
- Analytics Unit, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Fröhlich
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Löffelhardt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea A. Gust
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ye Q, Yu J, Zhang Z, Hou L, Liu X. VvBAP1, a Grape C2 Domain Protein, Plays a Positive Regulatory Role Under Heat Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:544374. [PMID: 33240290 PMCID: PMC7680865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.544374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is considered one of the critical factors directly influencing grapevine during the three primary growth and development stages: sprout, flowering, and fruit-coloring, which is strongly correlated to the yield and quality of the grape. The grapevine is frequently exposed to high-temperature conditions that are detrimental to growth. However, the mechanisms of the heat stress response and adaptation in grapevine are not adequately studied. The Arabidopsis copine gene AtBON1 encodes a highly conserved protein containing two C2 domains at the amino terminus, participation in cell death regulation and defense responses. Previously, we showed that a BON1 association protein from the grapevine, VvBAP1, plays a positive role in cold tolerance. Similarly, the involvement of VvBAP1 in the resistance to heat stress was also found in the present study. The results indicated VvBAP1 was significantly induced by high temperature, and the elevated expression of VvBAP1 was significantly higher in the resistant cultivars than the sensitive cultivars under heat stress. Seed germination and phenotypic analysis results indicated that overexpression of VvBAP1 improved Arabidopsis thermoresistance. Compared with the wild type, the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate in VvBAP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants were markedly increased under heat stress. At high temperatures, overexpression of VvBAP1 also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity as well as their corresponding gene transcription levels, to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Besides, the transcriptional activities of HSP70, HSP101, HSFA2, and HSFB1 in VvBAP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants were significantly up-regulated compare to the wild type. In summary, we propose that VvBAP1 may play a potential important role in enhanced grapevine thermoresistance, primarily through the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and promoted heat stress response genes expression.
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246
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Zamin M, Fahad S, Khattak AM, Adnan M, Wahid F, Raza A, Wang D, Saud S, Noor M, Bakhat HF, Mubeen M, Hammad HM, Soliman MH, Elkelish AA, Riaz M, Nasim W. Developing the first halophytic turfgrasses for the urban landscape from native Arabian desert grass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39702-39716. [PMID: 31440967 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is occurring and is influencing biological systems through augmented temperatures, more inconstant precipitation, and rising CO2 in the atmosphere. For sustainable landscaping, it was essential to assess the diversity of native/wild grasses and their suitability for turf and to combat the salinity problem in the region. For this purpose, a native halophytic grass, Aeluropus lagopoides, was investigated by conducting mowing tests on its ecotypes during the year 2014-2016 under desert climatic conditions. The research was carried out in two phases, i.e. Phase-I was for collection and establishment of ecotypes from various parts of UAE, while in Phase-II, mowing tests were conducted. During mowing tests, 50 ecotypes of A. lagopoides were given various mowing treatments (i.e. they were cut back at 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-cm heights) in field conditions. Significant differences were found among various ecotypes for different agronomic parameters such as ground cover, canopy stiffness, leaf number, clippings fresh and dry weights and internode length. Overall, the grass exhibited better performance at mowing heights of 3 and 4 cm, which are the standard mowing heights for turfgrasses. Ecotypes FA5, RA3, RUDA2, RUDA7 and RUADA1 of A. lagopoides showed the best performance against mowing shock and became the candidates for the turfgrass varieties from the native Arabian flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zamin
- Department of Arid land Agriculture, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Mateen Khattak
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raza
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Noor
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Mona H Soliman
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, El-Bahr, Yanbu, 46429, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Amr A Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
- CIHEAM-Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (IAMM), 3191 route de Mende, Montpellier, France.
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, National Research Flagship, Towoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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247
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Yasmeen T, Ahmad A, Arif MS, Mubin M, Rehman K, Shahzad SM, Iqbal S, Rizwan M, Ali S, Alyemeni MN, Wijaya L. Biofilm forming rhizobacteria enhance growth and salt tolerance in sunflower plants by stimulating antioxidant enzymes activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 156:242-256. [PMID: 32979797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the major environmental stresses that impose global socio-economic impacts, as well as hindering crop productivity. Halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) having potential to cope with salinity stress can be employed to counter this issue in eco-friendly way. In the present investigation, halotolerant PGPR strains, AP6 and PB5, were isolated from saline soil and characterized for their biochemical, molecular and physiological traits. Sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene and comparative analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of AP6 with Bacillus licheniformis and PB5 with Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. The study was carried out in pots with different levels of induced soil salinity viz. 0, 5, 10 and 15 dSm-1 to evaluate the potential of bacterial inoculants in counteracting salinity stress in sunflower at different plant growth stages (30, 45 and 60 days after sowing). Both the bacterial inoculants were capable of producing indole acetic acid and biofilm, solubilizing inorganic rock phosphate, and also expressed ACC deaminase activity. The PGPR inoculated plants showed significantly higher fresh and dry biomass, plant height, root length and yield plant-1. Ameliorative significance of applied bacterial inoculants was also evidenced by mitigating oxidative stress through upregulation of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzymes. Increase in photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange activities and nutrient uptake are crucial salt stress adaptations, which were enhanced with the inoculation of salt tolerant biofilm producing PGPR in sunflower plants. Although increase in salinity stress levels has gradually decreased the plant's output compared to non-salinized plants, the plants inoculated with PGPR confronted salinity stress in much better way than uninoculated plants. Owing to the wide action spectrum of these bacterial inoculants, it was concluded that these biofilm PGPR could serve as effective bioinoculants and salinity stress alleviator for sunflower (oil seed crop) by increasing crop productivity in marginalized agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadija Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sher Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Centre for Mountain Futures CMF, East and Central Asia Regional Office, World Agroforestry Centre ICRAF, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, CN 650201, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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248
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Mi J, Gregorich EG, Xu S, McLaughlin NB, Liu J. Effect of bentonite as a soil amendment on field water-holding capacity, and millet photosynthesis and grain quality. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18282. [PMID: 33106573 PMCID: PMC7589466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in a semi-arid region in northern China to evaluate the effects of bentonite soil amendment on field water-holding capacity, plant available water, and crop photosynthesis and grain quality parameters for millet [Setaria italic (L.) Beauv.] production over a 5-year period. Treatments included six rates of bentonite amendments (0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 Mg ha−1) applied only once in 2011. The application of bentonite significantly (P < 0.05) increased field water-holding capacity and plant available water in the 0–40 cm layer. Bentonite also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the emergence rate, above-ground dry matter accumulation (AGDM), net photosynthesis rate (Pr), transpiration rate (Tr), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD) and leaf water use efficiency (WUE). It also increased grain quality parameters including grain protein, fat and fiber content. Averaged over all the years, the optimum rate of bentonite was 24 Mg ha−1 for all plant growth and photosynthesis parameters except for grain quality where 18 Mg ha−1 bentonite had the greatest effect. This study suggests that bentonite application in semi-arid regions would have beneficial effects on crop growth and soil water-holding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhen Mi
- National Outstanding Agriculture Research Talents and Innovation Team, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.,Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Edward G Gregorich
- Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan, China
| | - Neil B McLaughlin
- Central Experimental Farm, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jinghui Liu
- National Outstanding Agriculture Research Talents and Innovation Team, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.
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249
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Tan XY, Misran A, Daim LDJ, Lau BYC. Optimization of protein extraction for proteomic analyses of fresh and frozen "Musang King" durian pulps. Food Chem 2020; 343:128471. [PMID: 33143964 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Four different methods were evaluated to extract proteins from "Musang King" durian pulps and subsequently proteins with different abundance between fresh and long term frozen storage were identified using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer analyses. The acetone-phenol method was found to produce good protein yields and gave the highest gel resolution and reproducibility. Differential protein analyses of the durian pulp revealed that 15 proteins were down-regulated and three other proteins were up-regulated after a year of frozen storage. Isoflavone reductase-like protein, S-adenosyl methionine synthase, and cysteine synthase isoform were up-regulated during frozen storage. The down-regulation of proteins in frozen durian pulps indicated that frozen storage has affected proteins in many ways, especially in their functions related to carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, cellular components, and transport processes. This study will enable future detailed investigations of proteins associated with quality attributes of durians to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yi Tan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Misran
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Leona Daniela Jeffery Daim
- Agronomic Selection, Sime Darby Plantation Technology Centre Sdn. Bhd., UPM-MTDC Technology Centre III, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Lebuh Silikon, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Benjamin Yii Chung Lau
- Advanced Biotechnology and Breeding Centre, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Feng X, Liu W, Cao F, Wang Y, Zhang G, Chen ZH, Wu F. Overexpression of HvAKT1 improves drought tolerance in barley by regulating root ion homeostasis and ROS and NO signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6587-6600. [PMID: 32766860 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is the major cationic inorganic nutrient utilized for osmotic regulation, cell growth, and enzyme activation in plants. Inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 (AKT1) is the primary channel for root K+ uptake in plants, but the function of HvAKT1 in barley plants under drought stress has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological, electrophysiological, and biochemical assays to explore molecular mechanisms of HvAKT1 in response to drought in barley. The expression of HvAKT1 was significantly up-regulated by drought stress in the roots of XZ5-a drought-tolerant wild barley genotype. We isolated and functionally characterized the plasma membrane-localized HvAKT1 using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvAKT1 in barley. Evolutionary bioinformatics indicated that the K+ selective filter in AKT1 originated from streptophyte algae and is evolutionarily conserved in land plants. Silencing of HvAKT1 resulted in significantly decreased biomass and suppressed K+ uptake in root epidermal cells under drought treatment. Disruption of HvAKT1 decreased root H+ efflux, H+-ATPase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots under drought stress. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of HvAKT1 improves K+ uptake and increases drought resistance in barley. Our results highlight the importance of HvAKT1 for root K+ uptake and its pleiotropic effects on root H+-ATPase, and H2O2 and NO in response to drought stress, providing new insights into the genetic basis of drought tolerance and K+ nutrition in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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