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Drott MT, Fessler LM, Milgroom MG. Population Subdivision and the Frequency of Aflatoxigenic Isolates in Aspergillus flavus in the United States. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:878-886. [PMID: 30480472 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-18-0263-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of food contaminated with aflatoxin, from crops infected by Aspergillus flavus, is associated with acute toxicosis, cancer, and stunted growth. Although such contamination is more common in the lower latitudes of the United States, it is unclear whether this pattern is associated with differences in the relative frequencies of aflatoxigenic individuals of A. flavus. To determine whether the frequency of the aflatoxin-producing ability of A. flavus increases as latitude decreases, we sampled 281 isolates from field soils in two north-south transects in the United States and tested them for aflatoxin production. We also genotyped 161 isolates using 10 microsatellite markers to assess population structure. Although the population density of A. flavus was highest at lower latitudes, there was no difference in the frequency of aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolates in relation to latitude. We found that the U.S. population of A. flavus is subdivided into two genetically differentiated subpopulations that are not associated with the chemotype or geographic origin of the isolates. The two populations differ markedly in allelic and genotypic diversity. The less diverse population is more abundant and may represent a clonal lineage derived from the more diverse population. Overall, increased aflatoxin contamination in lower latitudes may be explained partially by differences in the population density of A. flavus, not genetic population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton T Drott
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Lauren M Fessler
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Michael G Milgroom
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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202
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Lukwago FB, Mukisa IM, Atukwase A, Kaaya AN, Tumwebaze S. Mycotoxins contamination in foods consumed in Uganda: A 12-year review (2006–18). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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203
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Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality around the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary cancer of the liver, accounting for the majority of liver cancers. The risk factors associated with HCC include chronic infections with HBV and HCV, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Additionally, male patients have higher risk for than females, and the risk increases with older age. Mortality rates for HCC parallel its increasing incidence rates. In this context, incidence rate for HCC shows geographic variations in different parts of the world and is heavily affected by regional differences in risk factor for liver disease. The highest incidence rates for HCC are observed in Asia and Africa, while Europe and North America have lower rates. In fact, HBV is still regarded as the leading cause of HCC globally, while HCV is the most common cause of HCC in the USA. Recently, it has been suggested that HCC cases related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is on the rise, while the proportion of HCC attributed to alcoholic liver disease remains stable.
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204
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Systematic review of clinician awareness of mycotoxin impact in neural tube defects and best practices for pediatric neurosurgeons: implications for public health and policy. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:637-644. [PMID: 30552445 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-4023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In lower-income populations, high rates of neural tube defects (NTDs) are a concern. Nutritional folate deficiencies and mycotoxins in contaminated food supplies increase risk of NTDs. As physicians in public health and involved in the care of children with NTDs, pediatric neurosurgeons have an interest in the treatment and prevention of NTDs. We aimed to evaluate the literature to assess the awareness and the existence of best practices/educational materials on this issue to better guide management. METHODS A systematic review using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database was conducted to find articles related to mycotoxins in foods causing neural tube defects. Additional citation searches of key publications and personal collections were used. Two reviewers evaluated the resulting studies for subject area analysis. Best practice recommendations were drawn from articles selected for full-text review. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were identified. Most articles were found in "nutritional sciences" (18), "teratology" (14), and "toxicology" (13). No articles were found in neurosurgery. Thirty-two additional articles were identified through other sources to screen best practice recommendations. Of the 105 articles, 34 journal articles were included in best practice recommendation guidelines. Key recommendations included education of proper food storage, hygienic agricultural practices, decontamination techniques, diet diversification, folate supplementation, risk assessment, and food safety policy and public health initiatives. CONCLUSION There is an absence of neurosurgical literature-related mycotoxins and NTDs. We suggest a set of best practices/educational materials on this topic and advocate pediatric neurosurgery engagement in public health initiatives targeted towards populations most affected by mycotoxins.
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205
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Martinez-Miranda MM, Rosero-Moreano M, Taborda-Ocampo G. Occurrence, dietary exposure and risk assessment of aflatoxins in arepa, bread and rice. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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206
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Wangia RN, Githanga DP, Xue KS, Tang L, Anzala OA, Wang JS. Validation of urinary sphingolipid metabolites as biomarker of effect for fumonisins exposure in Kenyan children. Biomarkers 2019; 24:379-388. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1587510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nabwire Wangia
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Kathy Siyu Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Omu Aggrey Anzala
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- KAVI Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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207
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Ghadiri S, Spalenza V, Dellafiora L, Badino P, Barbarossa A, Dall'Asta C, Nebbia C, Girolami F. Modulation of aflatoxin B1 cytotoxicity and aflatoxin M1 synthesis by natural antioxidants in a bovine mammary epithelial cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:174-183. [PMID: 30849473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin (AF) B1, a widespread food and feed contaminant, is bioactivated by drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) to cytotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites like AFB1-epoxide and AFM1, a dairy milk contaminant. A number of natural antioxidants have been reported to afford a certain degree of protection against AFB1 (cyto)toxicity. As the mammary gland potentially participates in the generation of AFB1 metabolites, we evaluated the role of selected natural antioxidants (i.e. curcumin, quercetin and resveratrol) in the modulation of AFB1 toxicity and metabolism using a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (BME-UV1). Quercetin and, to a lesser extent, resveratrol and curcumin from Curcuma longa (all at 5 μM) significantly counteracted the AFB1-mediated impairment of cell viability (concentration range: 96-750 nM). Moreover, quercetin was able to significantly reduce the synthesis of AFM1. The quantitative PCR analysis on genes encoding for DME (phase I and II) and antioxidant enzymes showed that AFB1 caused an overall downregulation of the detoxifying systems, and mainly of GSTA1, which mediates the GSH conjugation of the AFB1-epoxide. The negative modulation of GSTA1 was efficiently reversed in the presence of quercetin, which significantly increased GSH levels as well. It is suggested that quercetin exerts its beneficial effects by depressing the bio-transformation of AFB1 and counterbalancing its pro-oxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ghadiri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Veronica Spalenza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Badino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Flavia Girolami
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, Italy.
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208
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Zachetti VGL, Cendoya E, Nichea MJ, Chulze SN, Ramirez ML. Preliminary Study on the Use of Chitosan as an Eco-Friendly Alternative to Control Fusarium Growth and Mycotoxin Production on Maize and Wheat. Pathogens 2019; 8:E29. [PMID: 30841490 PMCID: PMC6470945 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to determine the combined effects of chitosan and water activity (aW) on growth and mycotoxin production in situ on the two most important Fusarium species (F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides) present on maize, and on F. graminearum, the main pathogen causing Fusarium head blight on wheat. Results showed that low-molecular-weight chitosan with more than 70% deacetylation at the lowest dose used (0.5 mg/g) was able to reduce deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin (FBs) production on irradiated maize and wheat grains. Growth rates of F. graminearum also decreased at the lowest chitosan dose used (0.5 mg/g), while F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum growth rates were reduced at 0.98 aW at the highest chitosan dose used (2 mg/g). Since mycotoxins are unavoidable contaminants in food and feed chains, their presence needs to be reduced in order to minimize their effects on human and animal health and to diminish the annual market loss through rejected maize and wheat; in this scenario, pre- and post-harvest use of chitosan could be an important alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G L Zachetti
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 Km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina.
| | - Eugenia Cendoya
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 Km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina.
| | - María J Nichea
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 Km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina.
| | - Sofía N Chulze
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 Km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina.
| | - María L Ramirez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fco-Qcas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Ruta 36 Km 601, (5800) Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina.
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Wielogorska E, Mooney M, Eskola M, Ezekiel CN, Stranska M, Krska R, Elliott C. Occurrence and Human-Health Impacts of Mycotoxins in Somalia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:2052-2060. [PMID: 30694057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various molds that contaminate many staple foods and cause a broad range of detrimental health effects in animals and humans through chronic exposure or acute toxicity. As such, the worldwide contamination of food and feed with mycotoxins is a significant problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, mycotoxin occurrence in staple foods consumed in Somalia was determined. A total of 140 samples (42 maize, 40 sorghum, and 58 wheat) were collected from a number of markets in Mogadishu, Somalia, and analyzed by a UPLC-MS/MS multimycotoxin method that could detect 77 toxins. All of the maize samples tested contained eight or more mycotoxins, with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) levels reaching up to 908 and 17 322 μg/kg, respectively, greatly exceeding the European Union limits and guidance values. The average probable daily intake of fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) was 16.70 μg per kilogram of body weight (kg bw) per day, representing 835% of the recommended provisional maximum tolerable daily intake value of 2 μg/(kg bw)/day. A risk characterization revealed a mean national margin of exposure of 0.62 for AFB1 with an associated risk of developing primary liver cancer estimated at 75 cancers per year per 100 000 people for white-maize consumption alone. The results clearly indicate that aflatoxin and fumonisin exposure is a major public-health concern and that risk-management actions require prioritization in Somalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wielogorska
- School of Pharmacy , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , Northern Ireland BT9 7BL , United Kingdom
- Institute for Global Food Security, Advanced ASSET Centre, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , Northern Ireland BT9 5BN , United Kingdom
| | - Mark Mooney
- Institute for Global Food Security, Advanced ASSET Centre, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , Northern Ireland BT9 5BN , United Kingdom
| | - Mari Eskola
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Straße 20 , 3430 Tulln , Austria
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology , Babcock University , Ilishan Remo , Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Milena Stranska
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition , University of Chemistry and Technology , 166 28 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute for Global Food Security, Advanced ASSET Centre, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , Northern Ireland BT9 5BN , United Kingdom
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) , Konrad Lorenz Straße 20 , 3430 Tulln , Austria
| | - Chris Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, Advanced ASSET Centre, School of Biological Sciences , Queen's University Belfast , Belfast , Northern Ireland BT9 5BN , United Kingdom
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211
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Drott MT, Debenport T, Higgins SA, Buckley DH, Milgroom MG. Fitness Cost of Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus flavus When Competing with Soil Microbes Could Maintain Balancing Selection. mBio 2019; 10:e02782-18. [PMID: 30782658 PMCID: PMC6381279 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02782-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective forces that maintain the polymorphism for aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic individuals of Aspergillus flavus are largely unknown. As soils are widely considered the natural habitat of A. flavus, we hypothesized that aflatoxin production would confer a fitness advantage in the soil environment. To test this hypothesis, we used A. flavus DNA quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR) as a proxy for fitness of aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic field isolates grown in soil microcosms. Contrary to predictions, aflatoxigenic isolates had significantly lower fitness than did nonaflatoxigenic isolates in natural soils across three temperatures (25, 37, and 42°C). The addition of aflatoxin to soils (500 ng/g) had no effect on the growth of A. flavus Amplicon sequencing showed that neither the aflatoxin-producing ability of the fungus nor the addition of aflatoxin had a significant effect on the composition of fungal or bacterial communities in soil. We argue that the fitness disadvantage of aflatoxigenic isolates is most likely explained by the metabolic cost of producing aflatoxin. Coupled with a previous report of a selective advantage of aflatoxin production in the presence of some insects, our findings give an ecological explanation for balancing selection resulting in persistent polymorphisms in aflatoxin production.IMPORTANCE Aflatoxin, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, is an extremely potent hepatotoxin that causes acute toxicosis and cancer, and it incurs hundreds of millions of dollars annually in agricultural losses. Despite the importance of this toxin to humans, it has remained unclear what the fungus gains by producing aflatoxin. In fact, not all strains of A. flavus produce aflatoxin. Previous work has shown an advantage to producing aflatoxin in the presence of some insects. Our current work demonstrates the first evidence of a disadvantage to A. flavus in producing aflatoxin when competing with soil microbes. Together, these opposing evolutionary forces could explain the persistence of both aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic strains through evolutionary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton T Drott
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Tracy Debenport
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Higgins
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Daniel H Buckley
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Milgroom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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212
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Xie J, Fang X, Dai X, Shao B, Li J, Jiang Y, Yao K, Wang S, Xia X, Jiang H. Antibody-functionalized reduced graphene oxide films for highly selective capture and purification of aflatoxins. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:193. [PMID: 30778686 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenylbutyric acid and streptavidin were coupled to films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and then conjugated to a biotinylated broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody against aflatoxins (AFs). It is shown that such films can efficiently and selectively capture AFs inculding AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, AFM1 and AFM2. The rGO films were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and raman spectroscopy. The selectivity and purification performance of the antibody-loaded rGO films were investigated. They were applied to the purification of extremely small samples (100 μL) of AFs-spiked rabbit serum after enzymatic hydrolysis. The AFs were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for the six AFs investigated ranged from 50 to 170 pg·mL-1. The average recoveries of AFs in spiked rabbit serum samples ranged from 55% to 75%, with relative standard deviations of less than 9.4%. Graphical abstract Design of a multifunctional sandwich film that consists of a reduced graphene oxide film base, a pyrenylbutyric acid middle layer and a broad-specificity anti-AF monoclonal antibody surface layer. It was successfully applied to the determination of aflatoxins in only 100 μL of rabbit serum samples with satisfactory selectivity and acceptable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xie
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - You Jiang
- Mass Spectrometry Engineering Technology Research Center, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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213
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Wang G, Xi Y, Lian C, Sun Z, Zheng S. Simultaneous detoxification of polar aflatoxin B 1 and weak polar zearalenone from simulated gastrointestinal tract by zwitterionic montmorillonites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:227-237. [PMID: 30368060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current research focuses on the development of novel mycotoxins adsorbents using zwitterionic surfactants modified montmorillonites (ZMts) for simultaneous removal of highly health-hazardous polar aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and low polar zearalenone (ZER). Two types of ZMts including dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12) and lauramidopropyl betaine (LAB-35) modified montmorillonites (BS-12/Mts and LAB-35/Mts) were fabricated, and the structural, interfacial and textural features of which were explored by different techniques. It is indicated that ZMts have different structural configurations based on the surfactant type and loadings, convert from hydrophilic to hydrophobic property, with a mesoporous network inherited from Mt. The resultant adsorbents show significant improvements on the detoxification efficiency of both AFB1 and ZER. pH has little effect on the adsorption of ZMts, suggesting no desorption happens. The adsorption mechanisms of raw Mt, BS-12/Mts and LAB-35/Mts to AFB1 and ZER were proposed based on the characterizations and adsorption isotherms. This study demonstrates that ZMts possess simultaneous detoxification functions to mycotoxins with different polarities, and provides new insights into development of versatile mycotoxins adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Yunfei Xi
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Chi Lian
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiming Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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Morales L, Zila CT, Moreta Mejía DE, Montoya Arbelaez M, Balint-Kurti PJ, Holland JB, Nelson RJ. Diverse Components of Resistance to Fusarium verticillioides Infection and Fumonisin Contamination in Four Maize Recombinant Inbred Families. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E86. [PMID: 30717228 PMCID: PMC6410224 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium verticillioides can infect maize ears, causing Fusarium ear rot (FER) and contaminating the grain with fumonisins (FUM), which are harmful to humans and animals. Breeding for resistance to FER and FUM and post-harvest sorting of grain are two strategies for reducing FUM in the food system. Kernel and cob tissues have been previously associated with differential FER and FUM. Four recombinant inbred line families from the maize nested associated mapping population were grown and inoculated with F. verticillioides across four environments, and we evaluated the kernels for external and internal infection severity as well as FUM contamination. We also employed publicly available phenotypes on innate ear morphology to explore genetic relationships between ear architecture and resistance to FER and FUM. The four families revealed wide variation in external symptomatology at the phenotypic level. Kernel bulk density under inoculation was an accurate indicator of FUM levels. Genotypes with lower kernel density-under both inoculated and uninoculated conditions-and larger cobs were more susceptible to infection and FUM contamination. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) intervals could be classified as putatively resistance-specific and putatively shared for ear and resistance traits. Both types of QTL mapped in this study had substantial overlap with previously reported loci for resistance to FER and FUM. Ear morphology may be a component of resistance to F. verticillioides infection and FUM accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Charles T Zila
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
| | | | | | - Peter J Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture⁻Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - James B Holland
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
- Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture⁻Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Nelson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Ren Y, Jin J, Zheng M, Yang Q, Xing F. Ethanol Inhibits Aflatoxin B 1 Biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus by Up-Regulating Oxidative Stress-Related Genes. Front Microbiol 2019. [PMID: 32010073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02946/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most carcinogenic, toxic, and economically costly mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is primarily biosynthesized by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin biosynthesis is related to oxidative stress and functions as a second line of defense from excessive reactive oxygen species. Here, we find that ethanol can inhibit fungal growth and AFB1 production by A. flavus in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the ethanol's molecular mechanism of action on AFB1 biosynthesis was revealed using a comparative transcriptomic analysis. RNA-Seq data indicated that all the genes except for aflC in the aflatoxin gene cluster were down-regulated by 3.5% ethanol. The drastic repression of aflatoxin structural genes including the complete inhibition of aflK and aflLa may be correlated with the down-regulation of the transcription regulator genes aflR and aflS in the cluster. This may be due to the repression of several global regulator genes and the subsequent overexpression of some oxidative stress-related genes. The suppression of several key aflatoxin genes including aflR, aflD, aflM, and aflP may also be associated with the decreased expression of the global regulator gene veA. In particular, ethanol exposure caused the decreased expression of stress response transcription factor srrA and the overexpression of bZIP transcription factor ap-1, C2H2 transcription factors msnA and mtfA, together with the enhanced levels of anti-oxidant enzymatic genes including Cat, Cat1, Cat2, CatA, and Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase gene sod1. Taken together, these RNA-Seq data strongly suggest that ethanol inhibits AFB1 biosynthesis by A. flavus via enhancing fungal oxidative stress response. In conclusion, this study served to reveal the anti-aflatoxigenic mechanisms of ethanol in A. flavus and to provide solid evidence for its use in controlling AFB1 contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mumin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuguo Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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216
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Chen Y, Kong Q, Liang Y. Three newly identified peptides from Bacillus megaterium strongly inhibit the growth and aflatoxin B1 production of Aspergillus flavus. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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217
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Post-Harvest Contamination with Mycotoxins in the Context of the Geographic and Agroclimatic Conditions in Romania. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120533. [PMID: 30551567 PMCID: PMC6316900 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess post-harvest contamination with mycotoxins in the context of the geographic and agroclimatic conditions in Romania in 2012–2015, a period that was characterized by extreme meteorological events and the effects of climate change. The samples were randomly sampled from five agricultural regions of Romania and analyzed for mycotoxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An SPSS analysis was done to explore correlations between mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol—DON, aflatoxins—AF, ochratoxin A—OTA, zearalenone—ZEA), product types (raw cereal, processed cereal, cereal-based food), geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, agricultural region), and agroclimatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture reserve, aridity index, soil type). In the southeast part of the Southern Plain and Dobrogea (Baragan Plain, located at 44–45° N, 26–27° E), contamination with AF and OTA was higher in raw and processed cereals (maize in silo, silo corn germs) in the dry years (2012 and 2013), and contamination with DON was high in processed cereals (wheat flour type 450) in the rainy year (2014). DON and OTA contamination were significantly correlated with cumulative precipitation in all years, while AF and ZEA contamination were non-significantly correlated with climatic factors and aridity indices. The distribution of mycotoxins by product type and the non-robust correlations between post-harvest mycotoxins and agrometeorological factors could be explained by the use of quality management systems that control cereal at warehouse receptions, performant processing technologies, and the quality of storage spaces of agri-food companies. The Baragan Plain is Romania’s most sensitive area to the predicted climate change in southeast Europe, which may be associated with its increased cereal contamination with AF and OTA.
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218
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Morales L, Marino TP, Wenndt AJ, Fouts JQ, Holland JB, Nelson RJ. Dissecting Symptomatology and Fumonisin Contamination Produced by Fusarium verticillioides in Maize Ears. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:1475-1485. [PMID: 29989846 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-18-0167-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium verticillioides can infect maize ears, contaminating the grain with mycotoxins, including fumonisins. This global public health threat can be managed by breeding maize varieties that are resistant to colonization by F. verticillioides and by sorting grain after harvest to reduce fumonisin levels in food systems. Here, we employed two F. verticillioides inoculation techniques representing distinct infection pathways to dissect ear symptomatology and morphological resistance mechanisms in a diverse panel of maize inbred lines. The "point" method involved penetrating the ear with a spore-coated toothpick and the "inundative" method introduced a liquid spore suspension under the husk of the ear. We evaluated quantitative and qualitative indicators of external and internal symptom severity as low-cost proxies for fumonisin contamination, and found that kernel bulk density was predictive of fumonisin levels (78 to 84% sensitivity; 97 to 99% specificity). Inundative inoculation resulted in greater disease severity and fumonisin contamination than point inoculation. We also found that the two inoculation methods implicated different ear tissues in defense, with cob morphology being a more important component of resistance under point inoculation. Across both inoculation methods, traits related to cob size were positively associated with disease severity and fumonisin content. Our work demonstrates that (i) the use of diverse modes of inoculation is necessary for combining complementary mechanisms of genetic resistance, (ii) kernel bulk density can be used effectively as a proxy for fumonisin levels, and (iii) trade-offs may exist between yield potential and resistance to fumonisin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Morales
- First, third, fourth, and sixth authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; second and fifth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and fifth author: Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC
| | - Thiago P Marino
- First, third, fourth, and sixth authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; second and fifth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and fifth author: Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC
| | - Anthony J Wenndt
- First, third, fourth, and sixth authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; second and fifth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and fifth author: Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC
| | - Julia Q Fouts
- First, third, fourth, and sixth authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; second and fifth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and fifth author: Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC
| | - James B Holland
- First, third, fourth, and sixth authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; second and fifth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and fifth author: Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC
| | - Rebecca J Nelson
- First, third, fourth, and sixth authors: School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; second and fifth authors: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh; and fifth author: Plant Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC
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219
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Shirani K, Zanjani BR, Mahmoudi M, Jafarian AH, Hassani FV, Giesy JP, Karimi G. Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin M 1 : as a potent suppressor of innate and acquired immune systems in a subacute study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:5884-5892. [PMID: 30014474 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, to date, there have been several in vitro and in vivo studies of immunomodulatory effects of aflatoxin M1 (AFB1 ), little is known about the effect of AFM1 on various aspects of innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, AFM1 was administered intraperitoneally, at doses of 25 and 50 μg kg-1 , body mass for 28 days and various immunological parameters were measured. RESULTS Several parameters related to immune function were suppressed: organ mass, cellularity of spleen, proliferation response to lipopolysaccaride and phytohemagglutinin-A, hemagglutination titer, delayed type of hypersensitivity response, spleen cell subtypes, serum hemolytic activity, serum immunoglobulin G level and cytokine production. AFM1 did not cause changes in body mass, hematological parameters or the concentration of immunoglobulin M in blood serum. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data suggested that AFM1 suppressed innate and acquired immunity. Therefore, with respect to consumer safety, it is extremely important to further control the level of AFM1 in milk, and this should be considered as a precedence for risk management actions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Shirani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bamdad R Zanjani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir H Jafarian
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh V Hassani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Zoology, Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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220
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Kagera I, Kahenya P, Mutua F, Anyango G, Kyallo F, Grace D, Lindahl J. Status of aflatoxin contamination in cow milk produced in smallholder dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Nairobi County: a case study of Kasarani sub county, Kenya. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2018; 9:1547095. [PMID: 30598736 PMCID: PMC6263096 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1547095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Milk consumption in Kenya supersedes other countries in East Africa. However, milk contamination with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is common, but the magnitude of this exposure and the health risks are poorly understood and need to be monitored routinely. This study aimed at assessing the awareness, knowledge and practices of urban and peri-urban farmers about aflatoxins and determining the levels of aflatoxin contamination in on-farm milk in a selected area within Nairobi County. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess aflatoxin contamination levels of milk in Kasarani sub-county. A total of 84 milk samples were collected from small-holder dairy farms and analyzed for AFM1 using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results and Discussion: Ninety nine percent of the samples (83/84) analysed were contaminated with AFM1. The mean aflatoxin level was 84 ng/kg with 64% of the samples exceeding the EU legal limit of 50 ng/kg. Whereas 80% of the farmers were aware of aflatoxin, there was no correlation between farmers' knowledge and gender with AFM1 prevalence. Conclusion: This study concludes that AFM1 is a frequent contaminant in milk and there is need to enhance farmers awareness on mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Kagera
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Kahenya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Florence Mutua
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Public Health, Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gladys Anyango
- Department of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Florence Kyallo
- Department of Human Nutrition Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Delia Grace
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Johanna Lindahl
- Department of Animal and Human Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya.,Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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221
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Huang P, Liu Q, Wang J, Ma Z, Lu J, Kong W. Development of an economic ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for trace analysis of multiclass mycotoxins in Polygonum multiflorum. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:491-500. [PMID: 30462887 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, economic, and highly effective determination of multiple mycotoxins in complex matrices has given huge challenges for the analytical method. In this study, an economic analytical strategy based on sensitive and rapid ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry technique was developed for the determination of seven mycotoxins of different chemical classes (aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , and G2 , ochratoxin A, T-2 toxin, and HT-2 toxin) in Polygonum multiflorum. Target mycotoxins were completely extracted using a modified quick, easy, cheap effective, rugged, and safe method without additional clean-up steps. The types of extraction solvents and adsorbents for the extraction procedure were optimized to achieve high recoveries and reduce coextractives in the final extracts. Due to significant matrix effects for all analytes (≤68.9% and ≥110.0%), matrix-matched calibration curves were introduced for reliable quantification, exploring excellent linearity for the seven mycotoxins with coefficients of determination >0.9992. The method allowed high sensitivity with limit of detection in the range of 0.031-2.5 μg/kg and limit of quantitation in the range of 0.078-6.25 μg/kg, as well as satisfactory precision with relative standard deviations lower than 8%. Recovery rates were between 74.3 and 119.8% with relative standard deviations below 7.43%. The proposed method was successfully applied for 24 batches of P. multiflorum samples, and six samples were found to be positive with aflatoxin B1 , B2 , G1 , or ochratoxin A. The method with significant advantages, including minimum analytical time, low time and solvent consumption, and high sensitivity, would be a preferred candidate for economic analysis of multiclass mycotoxins in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinxuan Huang
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiutao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Pharmacy College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Kong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
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222
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Watson S, Moore SE, Darboe MK, Chen G, Tu YK, Huang YT, Eriksen KG, Bernstein RM, Prentice AM, Wild CP, Xu Y, Routledge MN, Gong YY. Impaired growth in rural Gambian infants exposed to aflatoxin: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1247. [PMID: 30413157 PMCID: PMC6234772 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin produced by fungi that commonly contaminates cereal crops across sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with impaired child growth. We investigated the impact of aflatoxin exposure on the growth of Gambian infants from birth to two years of age, and the impact on insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-axis proteins. METHODS A subsample (N = 374) of infants from the Early Nutrition and Immune Development (ENID) trial (ISRCTN49285450) were included in this study. Aflatoxin-albumin adducts (AF-alb) were measured in blood collected from infants at 6, 12 and 18 months of age. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured in blood collected at 12 and 18 months. Anthropometric measurements taken at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age were converted to z-scores against the WHO reference. The relationship between aflatoxin exposure and growth was analysed using multi-level modelling. RESULTS Inverse relationships were observed between lnAF-alb and length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) z-scores from 6 to 18 months of age (β = - 0·04, P = 0·015; β = - 0·05, P = 0.003; β = - 0·06, P = 0·007; respectively). There was an inverse relationship between lnAF-alb at 6 months and change in WLZ between 6 and 12 months (β = - 0·01; P = 0·013). LnAF-alb at 12 months was associated with changes in LAZ and infant length between 12 and 18 months of age (β = - 0·01, P = 0·003; β = - 0·003, P = 0·02; respectively). LnAF-alb at 6 months was associated with IGFBP-3 at 12 months (r = - 0·12; P = 0·043). CONCLUSIONS This study found a small but significant effect of aflatoxin exposure on the growth of Gambian infants. This relationship is not apparently explained by aflatoxin induced changes in the IGF-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Watson
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sophie E. Moore
- Division of Women’s Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit The Gambia, Serekunda, Gambia
| | | | - Gaoyun Chen
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kamilla G. Eriksen
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrew M. Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia, Serekunda, Gambia
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Ya Xu
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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223
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Saleem A, Al‐Johani M. Mycobiota and chromatographic analyses of aflatoxin contamination of
Aspergillus
species isolated from poultry feed. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel‐Rahman Saleem
- Faculty of Science, Biology DepartmentTaibah University Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Botany DepartmentSouth Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Masad Al‐Johani
- Faculty of Science, Biology DepartmentTaibah University Saudi Arabia
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224
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Are Raw Brassica Vegetables Healthier Than Cooked Ones? A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Intervention Trial on the Health-Promoting Potential of Ethiopian Kale. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111622. [PMID: 30400138 PMCID: PMC6266411 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present human intervention trial investigated the health-promoting potential of B. carinata, with a focus on effects of thermal processing on bioactivity. Twenty-two healthy subjects consumed a B. carinata preparation from raw (allyl isothiocyanate-containing) or cooked (no allyl isothiocyanate) leaves for five days in a randomized crossover design. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), with or without metabolic activation using human S9 mix, and subsequently analyzed for DNA damage using the comet assay. Plasma was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels. Cooked B. carinata significantly reduced DNA damage induced by AFB1 as compared to baseline levels (+S9 mix: 35%, -S9 mix: 33%, p ≤ 0.01, respectively). Raw B. carinata only reduced DNA damage by S9-activated AFB1 by 21% (p = 0.08). PGE₂ plasma levels were significantly reduced in subjects after consuming raw B. carinata. No changes in plasma antioxidant capacity were detectable. A balanced diet, including raw and cooked Brassica vegetables, might be suited to fully exploit the health-promoting potential. These results also advocate the promotion of B. carinata cultivation in Eastern Africa as a measure to combat effects of unavoidable aflatoxin exposure.
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225
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The role of mycotoxins in the human exposome: Application of mycotoxin biomarkers in exposome-health studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:504-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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226
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Jiang K, Huang Q, Fan K, Wu L, Nie D, Guo W, Wu Y, Han Z. Reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticle composite-based solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of 9 mycotoxins in milk. Food Chem 2018; 264:218-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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227
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Schinus molle L. essential oil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization, antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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228
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Relationship Between Aflatoxin B1 Exposure and Etiology of Liver Disease in Saudi Arabian Patients. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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229
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Echodu R, Edema H, Malinga GM, Hendy A, Colebunders R, Moriku Kaducu J, Ovuga E, Haesaert G. Is nodding syndrome in northern Uganda linked to consumption of mycotoxin contaminated food grains? BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:678. [PMID: 30249286 PMCID: PMC6154931 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nodding syndrome (NS) is a type of epilepsy characterized by repeated head-nodding seizures that appear in previously healthy children between 3 and 18 years of age. In 2012, during a WHO International Meeting on NS in Kampala, Uganda, it was recommended that fungal contamination of foods should be investigated as a possible cause of the disease. We therefore aimed to assess whether consumption of fungal mycotoxins contributes to NS development. RESULTS We detected similar high levels of total aflatoxin and ochratoxin in mostly millet, sorghum, maize and groundnuts in both households with and without children with NS. Furthermore, there was no significant association between concentrations of total aflatoxin, ochratoxin and doxynivalenol and the presence of children with NS in households. In conclusion, our results show no supporting evidence for the association of NS with consumption of mycotoxins in contaminated foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Echodu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Hilary Edema
- Gulu University Bioscience Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Adam Hendy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | | | - Joyce Moriku Kaducu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Emilio Ovuga
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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Eze U, Routledge M, Okonofua F, Huntriss J, Gong Y. Mycotoxin exposure and adverse reproductive health outcomes in Africa: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2018. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2017.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that mycotoxin exposure can have adverse effects on reproductive health resulting to poor reproductive potential. The most studied mycotoxin in relation to poor reproductive health in humans is aflatoxin, although fumonisins, trichothecenes and zearalenone have also been reported to impair reproductive function and cause abnormal foetal development. These potent fungal toxins contaminate many food products making them a prominent agricultural, food safety and public health challenge, especially in Africa due to little or lack of mycotoxin regulation in agricultural products. Neonates can be exposed to aflatoxins in utero, as the toxins pass from mother to the foetus through the placenta. This exposure may continue during breast feeding, to the introduction of weaning foods, and then foods taken by adults. The consequences of aflatoxin exposure in mothers, foetus and children are many, including anaemia in pregnancy, low birth weight, interference with nutrient absorption, suppression of immune function, child growth retardation and abnormal liver function. In males, reports have indicated a possible relationship between aflatoxin exposure and poor sperm quality culminating in infertility. Maternal exposure to fumonisin during early pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of neural tube defects among newborns in regions where maize is the common dietary staple with the possibility of chronic fumonisin exposure. Furthermore, zearalenone has been linked to precocious puberty and premature thelarche in girls, correlating with extremely high serum oestrogen levels. This review presents an overview of the several reports linking aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone exposure to poor reproductive health outcomes in Africa, with emphasis on birth outcomes, foetal health and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- U.A. Eze
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M.N. Routledge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - F.E. Okonofua
- University of Medical Sciences, Ondo Medical Village, Laje Road, Ondo, Nigeria
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation [CERHI], University of Benin, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - J. Huntriss
- Division of Reproduction and Early Development, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Y.Y. Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Science Building, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Ln, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China P.R
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231
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Mousavi Khaneghah A, Eş I, Raeisi S, Fakhri Y. Aflatoxins in cereals: State of the art. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Department of Food ScienceUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP) Monteiro Lobato São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Susan Raeisi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of AgricultureUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Student Research CommitteeSchool of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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232
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Ahmad M, Awais M, Ali SW, Ali Khan HA, Riaz M, Sultan A, Shakeel Bashir M, Ishtiaq Chaudhry A. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in raw and processed milk and assessment of daily intake in Lahore, Multan cities of Pakistan. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2018; 12:18-23. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1509899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateen Ahmad
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shinawar Waseem Ali
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Asif Sultan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shakeel Bashir
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ishtiaq Chaudhry
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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233
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Bhat PV, Anand T, Mohan Manu T, Khanum F. Restorative effect of l-Dopa treatment against Ochratoxin A induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:252-263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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234
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Khan S, Ismail A, Gong YY, Akhtar S, Hussain M. Concentration of Aflatoxin M 1 and selected heavy metals in mother milk samples from Pakistan. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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235
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The Curious Case of Cholangiocarcinoma: Opportunities for Environmental Health Scientists to Learn about a Complex Disease. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 2018:2606973. [PMID: 30158988 PMCID: PMC6109541 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2606973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deaths from complex, noncommunicable diseases such as cancer are predicted to continue to increase worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries bearing the brunt of the burden. This problem requires a concentrated global effort to avoid devastating losses of life as well as economic losses. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a readily studied model of complex, noncommunicable disease, but it receives little attention outside of the scientific community in Southeast Asia. Here, we bring attention to the opportunity to study CCA as a model to understand the role of multiple, complex factors in cancer. These factors include allostatic load, individual genetic susceptibility, and environmental exposures such as chemicals, diet, socioeconomic factors, and psychosocial stress. The study of CCA offers a unique opportunity to make novel observations that could advance progress in prevention and intervention approaches for prevalent diseases that involve complex, multifactorial interactions.
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236
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237
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The prevalence of aflatoxin M1 in milk of Middle East region: A systematic review, meta-analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:653-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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238
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Drott MT, Lazzaro BP, Brown DL, Carbone I, Milgroom MG. Balancing selection for aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus is maintained through interference competition with, and fungivory by insects. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.2408. [PMID: 29263278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microbial secondary metabolites in the ecology of the organisms that produce them remains poorly understood. Variation in aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus is maintained by balancing selection, but the ecological function and impact on fungal fitness of this compound are unknown. We hypothesize that balancing selection for aflatoxin production in A. flavus is driven by interaction with insects. To test this, we competed naturally occurring aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic fungal isolates against Drosophila larvae on medium containing 0-1750 ppb aflatoxin, using quantitative PCR to quantify A. flavus DNA as a proxy for fungal fitness. The addition of aflatoxin across this range resulted in a 26-fold increase in fungal fitness. With no added toxin, aflatoxigenic isolates caused higher mortality of Drosophila larvae and had slightly higher fitness than non-aflatoxigenic isolates. Additionally, aflatoxin production increased an average of 1.5-fold in the presence of a single larva and nearly threefold when the fungus was mechanically damaged. We argue that the role of aflatoxin in protection from fungivory is inextricably linked to its role in interference competition. Our results, to our knowledge, provide the first clear evidence of a fitness advantage conferred to A. flavus by aflatoxin when interacting with insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton T Drott
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brian P Lazzaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Dan L Brown
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ignazio Carbone
- Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael G Milgroom
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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239
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Kuhumba G, Simonne A, Mugula J. Evaluation of aflatoxins in peanut-enriched complementary flours from selected urban markets in Tanzania. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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240
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Klingelhöfer D, Zhu Y, Braun M, Bendels MH, Brüggmann D, Groneberg DA. Aflatoxin – Publication analysis of a global health threat. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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241
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Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 and paracasei LUHS244 as functional starter cultures for the food fermentation industry: Characterisation, mycotoxin-reducing properties, optimisation of biomass growth and sustainable encapsulation by using dairy by-products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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242
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Ortiz J, Jacxsens L, Astudillo G, Ballesteros A, Donoso S, Huybregts L, De Meulenaer B. Multiple mycotoxin exposure of infants and young children via breastfeeding and complementary/weaning foods consumption in Ecuadorian highlands. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:541-548. [PMID: 29883782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The dietary exposure to mycotoxins in Ecuadorian children aged 0-23 months (320 rural and 603 urban) was evaluated based on the intake of breast milk and staple cereals used as complementary/weaning foods. A probabilistic distribution approach by first order Monte Carlo simulation was adopted to assess the locally occurring mycotoxins (aflatoxins M1 and B1 in breast milk, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol in wheat noodles and oat flakes, and HT-2 toxin in polished rice). Overall, exposure was modest but higher for rural children due to their monotonous diet. Aflatoxin exposure by breast milk intake were of health concern in both areas (Margin of Exposure and Combined Margin of Exposure Index<10,000). Mycotoxin exposure by staple cereals intake was considered tolerable across feeding stages for individual mycotoxin-cereal combination (Hazard Quotient<1) and combined exposure (Hazard Index<1). The major exposure was to HT-2 toxin by rice intake at complementary feeding (15% rural and 4% urban above TDI) and at weaning stage (26% rural and 6% urban above TDI). Since the usual Ecuadorian diet is based on the same staple cereals, risk management actions could lead to a better protection of young children and also ensure higher safety of the recommended breastfeeding practices by protecting nursing mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Ortiz
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biosciences, Food Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de Abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador.
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Astudillo
- Department of Biosciences, Food Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de Abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Adriana Ballesteros
- Department of Biosciences, Food Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de Abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Silvana Donoso
- Department of Biosciences, Food Nutrition and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Cuenca University, Av. 12 de Abril s/n Cdla. Universitaria, P.O. Box 01.01.168, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Lieven Huybregts
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Child Health and Nutrition Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bruno De Meulenaer
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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243
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Pittala S, Krelin Y, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Targeting Liver Cancer and Associated Pathologies in Mice with a Mitochondrial VDAC1-Based Peptide. Neoplasia 2018; 20:594-609. [PMID: 29747160 PMCID: PMC5994780 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal cancer worldwide. Despite progress in identifying risk factors, the incidence of HCC is increasing. Moreover, therapeutic options are limited and survival is poor. Therefore, alternative and innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently required. R-Tf-D-LP4, a cell-penetrating peptide derived from the mitochondrial multifunctional protein the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1), is identified here as a highly effective liver cancer treatment. Recently, we demonstrated that R-Tf-D-LP4 induced apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. We now demonstrate that R-Tf-D-LP4 induced apoptosis in cancer liver-derived cell lines and inhibited tumor growth in three different liver cancer mouse models. These included diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC, metabolically high-fat diet-induced HCC, and using a subcutaneous HepG2 cell xenograft model. Intravenous injection of the peptide into tumor-carrying DEN-treated mice resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth up to complete tumor elimination. TUNEL staining of liver sections demonstrated peptide-induced apoptosis. Hematoxylin/eosin and Sirius red staining of liver sections showed decreased fibrotic formation. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated reduced numbers of α-SMA-expressing cells in R-Tf-D-LP4-treated mouse livers. Additionally, macrophage presence in liver tissue was reduced in R-Tf-D-LP4-treated mice. Liver sections from DEN-treated mice showed steatohepatic pathology, reflected as fatty liver, inflammation, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis; all were eliminated upon peptide treatment. Peptide treatment also inhibited tumor development in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model induced by HFD. In HepG2 subcutaneous tumor xenografts, R-Tf-D-LP4 inhibited tumor growth. CONCLUSION These results show that the VDAC1-based peptide R-Tf-D-LP4 has multiple effects on liver cancer cells, leading to impairment of cell energy and metabolism homeostasis, induction of apoptosis, and elimination of liver cancer-associated processes, and thus represents a promising therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
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Key Words
- vdac1, voltage-dependent anion channel 1
- hk, hexokinase
- cyto c, cytochrome c
- den, diethylnitrosamine
- hcc, hepatocellular carcinoma
- hfd, high fat diet
- aif, apoptosis-inducing factor
- ldh, lactate dehydrogenase
- nash, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- tfr, transferrin receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Pittala
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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244
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Culture and food security. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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245
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Soares RRG, Santos DR, Pinto IF, Azevedo AM, Aires-Barros MR, Chu V, Conde JP. Multiplexed microfluidic fluorescence immunoassay with photodiode array signal acquisition for sub-minute and point-of-need detection of mycotoxins. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1569-1580. [PMID: 29736505 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portable, rapid, cost effective and simple analytical tools are in increasing demand to facilitate the routine monitoring of target chemical/biological compounds at the point-of-need. Such devices are highly relevant within the context of food safety, particularly concerning the screening of highly toxic and strictly regulated mycotoxins. To achieve ultrarapid detection of mycotoxins, namely aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and deoxynivalenol, at the point-of-need, a novel multiplexed bead-based microfluidic competitive immunosensor, coupled with an array of a-Si:H thin-film photodiodes for integrated fluorescence signal acquisition, is reported. Simultaneously measuring the initial binding rate for each analyte of the sample under analysis against an internal reference, this device provided limits of detection below 1 ng mL-1 for all mycotoxins in a single-step assay and within 1 minute after mixing the sample under analysis with a fluorescent conjugate. The compatibility of the device with the analysis of mycotoxins spiked in corn samples was further demonstrated after performing a sample preparation procedure based on aqueous two-phase extraction. The short times of analysis and sensitivities in the low ng mL-1 range make these devices potentially competitive with the lateral flow devices that are currently the standard for this application. Furthermore, this device architecture and concept is amenable of being expanded to other analytes in food safety, biomedical and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R G Soares
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores - Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC MN) and IN - Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Lisbon, Portugal.
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246
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Baldissera MD, Müller LKF, Souza CF, Santurio JM, Gloria EM, Machado G, Boiago MM, Paiano D, da Silva AS. Creatine kinase and ATPase activities in piglets fed a fungal mycotoxin co-contaminated diet: Consequences in the pathogenesis of subclinical intoxication. Microb Pathog 2018; 122:13-18. [PMID: 29852206 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) activity, through the creatine-kinase-phosphocreatine (CK/PCr) system, provides a temporal and spatial energy buffer to maintain cellular energetic homeostasis, being responsible to provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the proper function of ATPases enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium (Na+, K+-ATPase) and hydrogen (H+-ATPase) pumps. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of CK/PCr system in the impairment of energetic homeostasis in piglets fed with a diet co-contaminated with mycotoxins, as well as the effects on ATPases enzymes. Animals were randomly divided in two groups (eight repetitions with two animals each): CON (basal diet) and MYC (mycotoxin diet; 9300 μg/kg of aflatoxins and 8000 μg/kg of fumonisins) which were feed during 15 days. Piglets that received a diet containing 300 μg/kg of aflatoxins and 8000 μg/kg of fumonisins (MYC group) presented lower body weight on days 10 and 15 of experiment when compared to control (CON group). Serum CK activity was lower on days 5, 10 and 15 of experiment in the MYC group. The same occurred for serum Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities on days 10 and 15 when compared to CON group. Moreover, serum calcium levels were superior on day 15 of experiment in the MYC group, while serum potassium and sodium levels were lower in comparison to CON group. Based on these evidences, a diet co-contaminated by aflatoxins and fumonisins inhibits serum CK activity, impairing the energetic homeostasis. This inhibition alters the activities of ATPases (Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase), contributing to the imbalance of Na+, K+ and Ca+ ionic levels. In summary, the cascade of alterations contributes directly to disease pathogenesis of piglets intoxicated by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucieli K F Müller
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State University, Raleigh, EUA, United States
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Diovani Paiano
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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247
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Nleya N, Adetunji MC, Mwanza M. Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food Commodities in Zimbabwe. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E89. [PMID: 29751574 PMCID: PMC5983227 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural products, especially cereal grains, serve as staple foods in sub-Saharan Africa. However, climatic conditions in this region can lead to contamination of these commodities by moulds, with subsequent production of mycotoxins posing health risks to both humans and animals. There is limited documentation on the occurrence of mycotoxins in sub-Saharan African countries, leading to the exposure of their populations to a wide variety of mycotoxins through consumption of contaminated foods. This review aims at highlighting the current status of mycotoxin contamination of food products in Zimbabwe and recommended strategies of reducing this problem. Zimbabwe is one of the African countries with very little information with regards to mycotoxin contamination of its food commodities, both on the market and at household levels. Even though evidence of multitoxin occurrence in some food commodities such as maize and other staple foods exist, available published research focuses only on Aspergillus and Fusarium mycotoxins, namely aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone (ZEA). Occurrence of mycotoxins in the food chain has been mainly associated with poor agricultural practices. Analysis of mycotoxins has been done mainly using chromatographic and immunological methods. Zimbabwe has adopted European standards, but the legislation is quite flexible, with testing for mycotoxin contamination in food commodities being done voluntarily or upon request. Therefore, the country needs to tighten its legislation as well as adopt stricter standards that will improve the food safety and security of the masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nleya
- Department of Animal Health, Northwest University, Mafikeng, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box AC 939 Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
| | - Modupeade Christianah Adetunji
- Department of Animal Health, Northwest University, Mafikeng, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Seriki Sotayo, Ogun State, Abeokuta P.M.B. 2094, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Department of Animal Health, Northwest University, Mafikeng, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
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248
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Mendoza JR, Rodas A, Oliva A, Sabillón L, Colmenares A, Clarke J, Hallen-Adams HE, Campabadal C, Bianchini A. Safety and Quality Assessment of Smallholder Farmers' Maize in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. J Food Prot 2018; 81:776-784. [PMID: 29624105 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maize ( Zea mays) is a staple in many developing countries but is known to be prone to pest (insects, birds, and rodents) and fungal infestation. In Guatemala, mycotoxin contamination of cultivated products may occur owing to such factors as environmental conditions and the use of traditional agriculture operations. To assess the current maize conditions in Guatemala, a small-scale study was performed. Mold and insect counts and mycotoxin (aflatoxin and fumonisin) concentrations were determined on 25 farms in two townships (Chiantla and Todos Santos) of the Huehuetenango Department. Total fungal counts were 3.6 to 6.83 log CFU/g with no significant differences ( P > 0.05) across farms at different altitudes. Farms where maize was not produced but was purchased were at higher risk of fumonisin contamination, whereas local producers were mostly affected by aflatoxins. Aflatoxin was present in maize from 100% of farms at 1.0 to 85.3 ppb, and fumonisin was detected on 52% of farms at 0.4 to 31.0 ppm. Average mycotoxin consumption amounts were above the recommended maximum intake for aflatoxin in both produced and purchased maize and above the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for fumonisin in purchased maize. Estimated daily intake was 0.01 to 0.85 μg/kg of body weight per day for aflatoxin and 2.9 to 310.0 μg/kg of body weight per day for fumonisin. An entomological analysis revealed overall 32% prevalence of Ephestia kuehniella (flour moth), 16% prevalence of Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil), and 8% prevalence of Tribolium sp. (flour beetle) on the analyzed farms. This study highlighted poor agricultural practices used in the highlands of Guatemala. Current practices should be revised for the production of maize that is safe for consumption by the population in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rodas
- 2 Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala; and
| | - Ana Oliva
- 2 Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala; and
| | | | - Ana Colmenares
- 2 Department of Food Engineering, Universidad Del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala; and
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- 1 Department of Food Science and Technology and.,3 Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | | | - Carlos Campabadal
- 4 IGP Institute, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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249
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Logrieco AF, Miller JD, Eskola M, Krska R, Ayalew A, Bandyopadhyay R, Battilani P, Bhatnagar D, Chulze S, De Saeger S, Li P, Perrone G, Poapolathep A, Rahayu ES, Shephard GS, Stepman F, Zhang H, Leslie JF. The Mycotox Charter: Increasing Awareness of, and Concerted Action for, Minimizing Mycotoxin Exposure Worldwide. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E149. [PMID: 29617309 PMCID: PMC5923315 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are major food contaminants affecting global food security, especially in low and middle-income countries. The European Union (EU) funded project, MycoKey, focuses on “Integrated and innovative key actions for mycotoxin management in the food and feed chains” and the right to safe food through mycotoxin management strategies and regulation, which are fundamental to minimizing the unequal access to safe and sufficient food worldwide. As part of the MycoKey project, a Mycotoxin Charter (charter.mycokey.eu) was launched to share the need for global harmonization of mycotoxin legislation and policies and to minimize human and animal exposure worldwide, with particular attention to less developed countries that lack effective legislation. This document is in response to a demand that has built through previous European Framework Projects—MycoGlobe and MycoRed—in the previous decade to control and reduce mycotoxin contamination worldwide. All suppliers, participants and beneficiaries of the food supply chain, for example, farmers, consumers, stakeholders, researchers, members of civil society and government and so forth, are invited to sign this charter and to support this initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON KS5B6, Canada.
| | - Mari Eskola
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Amare Ayalew
- Partnership for Aflatoxin Control in Africa, Department of Rural Economy and Agriculture, African Union Commission, P.O. Box 3243, Roosevelt Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ranajit Bandyopadhyay
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Paola Battilani
- Department of the Science of Sustainable Vegetable Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via E. Parmense, 84-29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Deepak Bhatnagar
- Food and Feed Safety Research, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
| | - Sofia Chulze
- Departamento de Microbiología e Immunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Rutas 8 y 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Department of Bio-analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xudong Second Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Giancarlo Perrone
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA), via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Endang S Rahayu
- Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Universiti Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Gordon S Shephard
- Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - François Stepman
- Platform for African-European Partnership in ARD, CTA Brussels Office, 39 rue Montoyer, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - John F Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, 1712 Claflin Avenue, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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250
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Agbetiameh D, Ortega-Beltran A, Awuah RT, Atehnkeng J, Cotty PJ, Bandyopadhyay R. Prevalence of Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize and Groundnut in Ghana: Population Structure, Distribution, and Toxigenicity of the Causal Agents. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:764-772. [PMID: 30673407 PMCID: PMC7779968 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-17-0749-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut is perennial in Ghana with substantial health and economic burden on the population. The present study examined for the first time the prevalence of aflatoxin contamination in maize and groundnut in major producing regions across three agroecological zones (AEZs) in Ghana. Furthermore, the distribution and aflatoxin-producing potential of Aspergillus species associated with both crops were studied. Out of 509 samples (326 of maize and 183 of groundnut), 35% had detectable levels of aflatoxins. Over 15% of maize and 11% of groundnut samples exceeded the aflatoxin threshold limits set by the Ghana Standards Authority of 15 and 20 ppb, respectively. Mycoflora analyses revealed various species and morphotypes within the Aspergillus section Flavi. A total of 5,083 isolates were recovered from both crops. The L morphotype of Aspergillus flavus dominated communities with 93.3% of the population, followed by Aspergillus spp. with S morphotype (6%), A. tamarii (0.4%), and A. parasiticus (0.3%). Within the L morphotype, the proportion of toxigenic members was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of atoxigenic members across AEZs. Observed and potential aflatoxin concentrations indicate that on-field aflatoxin management strategies need to be implemented throughout Ghana. The recovered atoxigenic L morphotype fungi are genetic resources that can be employed as biocontrol agents to limit aflatoxin contamination of maize and groundnut in Ghana. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- D Agbetiameh
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320, Ibadan, Nigeria, and Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - R T Awuah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - J Atehnkeng
- IITA, Chitedze Research Station, P.O. Box 30258, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
| | - P J Cotty
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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