201
|
Islam MM, Ye W, Akter F, Rhaman MS, Matsushima D, Munemasa S, Okuma E, Nakamura Y, Biswas MS, Mano J, Murata Y. Reactive Carbonyl Species Mediate Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1788-1797. [PMID: 32810268 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key signal event for methyl jasmonate (MeJA)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. We recently showed that reactive carbonyl species (RCS) stimulates stomatal closure as an intermediate downstream of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the ABA signaling pathway in guard cells of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we examined whether RCS functions as an intermediate downstream of H2O2 production in MeJA signaling in guard cells using transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing A. thaliana 2-alkenal reductase (n-alkanal + NAD(P)+ ⇌ 2-alkenal + NAD(P)H + H+) (AER-OE tobacco) and Arabidopsis plants. The stomatal closure induced by MeJA was impaired in the AER-OE tobacco and was inhibited by RCS scavengers, carnosine and pyridoxamine, in the wild-type (WT) tobacco plants and Arabidopsis plants. Application of MeJA significantly induced the accumulation of RCS, including acrolein and 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal, in the WT tobacco but not in the AER-OE plants. Application of MeJA induced H2O2 production in the WT tobacco and the AER-OE plants and the H2O2 production was not inhibited by the RCS scavengers. These results suggest that RCS functions as an intermediate downstream of ROS production in MeJA signaling and in ABA signaling in guard cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Moshiul Islam
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Wenxiu Ye
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Daiki Matsushima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Eiji Okuma
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Md Sanaullah Biswas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-cho Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8550 Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Mano
- United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Koyama-cho Minami 4-101, Tottori, 680-8550 Japan
- Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Zhu L, Zhao X, Xu Y, Wang Q, Wang H, Wu D, Jiang L. Effect of germination potential on storage lipids and transcriptome changes in premature developing seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2839-2852. [PMID: 32617616 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We provided a gene pool of moderate size for selecting or manipulating the candidate genes that favour the acquisition of seed dormancy, shedding light on the elevation of seed oil content in oilseed rape by blocking lipid degradation in developing seeds. In oilseed rape, the association between the germination potential of premature seeds and the final level of seed lipids, and the underlying mechanism, is elusive. Here, we investigated phenotypic differences in the germination percentage of premature seeds in a collection of oilseed rape cultivars. We compared the dynamic lipid accumulation between the deep-, moderate- and non-dormant genotypes and compared the transcriptomes of the seeds at 40 days after pollination between multiple pairs of deep- and non-dormant genotypes. We identified a wide range of differences in germination percentage of premature seeds and the association between the germination potential and the change of fatty acid content at late stage of seed maturation. The comparisons of transcriptomes between deep- and non-dormant seeds revealed the genetic basis for the dormant difference, e.g. the different expression levels of the genes involved in gibberellic and abscisic acid biosynthesis and/or signalling, fatty acid metabolic pathways, and the structure of seed cell wall. We provided a gene pool of moderate size for selecting or manipulating the candidate genes that favour the acquisition of seed dormancy, shedding light on the elevation of seed oil content in oilseed rape by blocking lipid degradation in developing seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinze Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haoyi Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Yu-Hang-Tang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Cheng C, Che Q, Su S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog genes in six Rosaceae species and an analysis of their effects on adventitious rooting in apple. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239705. [PMID: 32976536 PMCID: PMC7518606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is essential for plant propagation, development, and response to various stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for adventitious root formation. However, information on Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH), a key enzyme that catalyzes the production ROS, remains limited in woody plants. Here, a total of 44 RBOH genes were identified from six Rosaceae species (Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus dulcis 'Texas’, Rubus occidentalis, Fragaria vesca and Rosa chinensis), including ten from M. domestica. Their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs and gene structures were analyzed. Exogenous treatment with the RBOH protein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) completely inhibited adventitious root formation, whereas exogenous H2O2 treatment enhanced adventitious root formation. In addition, we found that ROS accumulated during adventitious root primordium inducing process. The expression levels of MdRBOH-H, MdRBOH-J, MdRBOH-A, MdRBOH-E1 and MdRBOH-K increased more than two-fold at days 3 or 9 after auxin treatment. In addition, cis-acting element analysis revealed that the MdRBOH-E1 promoter contained an auxin-responsive element and the MdRBOH-K promoter contained a meristem expression element. Based on the combined results from exogenous DPI and H2O2 treatment, spatiotemporal expression profiling, and cis-element analysis, MdRBOH-E1 and MdRBOH-K appear to be candidates for the control of adventitious rooting in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Che
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghui Su
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laixi Elite Cultivars Propagation Farm, Laixi, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozhao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Pang Q, Zhang T, Zhang A, Lin C, Kong W, Chen S. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics revealed molecular networks of stomatal immune responses. PLANTA 2020; 252:66. [PMID: 32979085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic protein and phosphoprotein profiles uncovered the overall regulation of stomata movement against pathogen invasion and phosphorylation states of proteins involved in ABA, SA, calcium and ROS signaling, which may modulate the stomatal immune response. Stomatal openings represent a major route of pathogen entry into the plant, and plants have evolved mechanisms to regulate stomatal aperture as innate immune response against bacterial invasion. However, the mechanisms underlying stomatal immunity are not fully understood. Taking advantage of high-throughput liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we performed label-free proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of enriched guard cells in response to a bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. In total, 495 proteins and 1229 phosphoproteins were identified as differentially regulated. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways, including abscisic acid and salicylic acid hormone signaling, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling. We also showed that dynamic changes of phosphoprotein WRKY transcription factors may play a crucial role in regulating stomata movement in plant immunity. The identified proteins/phosphoproteins and the pathways form interactive molecular networks to regulate stomatal immunity. This study has provided new insights into the multifaceted mechanisms of stomatal immunity. The differential proteins and phosphoproteins are potential targets for engineering or breeding of crops for enhanced pathogen defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Pang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuwei Lin
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Abstract
Drought is a severe environmental constraint, which significantly affects plant growth, productivity, and quality. Plants have developed specific mechanisms that perceive the stress signals and respond to external environmental changes via different mitigation strategies. Abscisic acid (ABA), being one of the phytohormones, serves as an important signaling mediator for plants’ adaptive response to a variety of environmental stresses. ABA triggers many physiological processes, including bud dormancy, seed germination, stomatal closure, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. The site of its biosynthesis and action must be clarified to understand the signaling network of ABA. Various studies have documented multiple sites for ABA biosynthesis, their transporter proteins in the plasma membrane, and several components of ABA-dependent signaling pathways, suggesting that the ABA response to external stresses is a complex networking mechanism. Knowing about stress signals and responses will increase our ability to enhance crop stress tolerance through the use of various advanced techniques. This review will elaborate on the ABA biosynthesis, transportation, and signaling pathways at the molecular level in response to drought stress, which will add a new insight for future studies.
Collapse
|
206
|
Niu F, Cui X, Zhao P, Sun M, Yang B, Deyholos MK, Li Y, Zhao X, Jiang YQ. WRKY42 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence through modulating SA and ROS synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:171-184. [PMID: 32634860 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence represents the final stage of leaf growth and development, and its onset and progression are strictly regulated; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study we found that WRKY42 was highly induced during leaf senescence. Loss-of-function wrky42 mutants showed delayed leaf senescence whereas the overexpression of WRKY42 accelerated senescence. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2721 differentially expressed genes between wild-type and WRKY42-overexpressing plants, including genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis as well as several senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Moreover, WRKY42 activated the transcription of isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1), respiratory burst oxidase homolog F (RbohF) and a few SAG genes. Consistently, the expression of these genes was reduced in wrky42 mutants but was markedly increased in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing WRKY42. Both in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that WRKY42 directly bound to the promoters of ICS1 and RbohF, as well as a few SAGs, to activate their expression. Genetic analysis further showed that mutations of ICS1 and RbohF suppressed the early senescence phenotype evoked by WRKY42 overexpression. Thus, we have identified WRKY42 as a novel transcription factor positively regulating leaf senescence by directly activating the transcription of ICS1, RbohF and SAGs, without any seed yield penalty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
AbdElgawad H, Avramova V, Baggerman G, Van Raemdonck G, Valkenborg D, Van Ostade X, Guisez Y, Prinsen E, Asard H, Van den Ende W, Beemster GTS. Starch biosynthesis contributes to the maintenance of photosynthesis and leaf growth under drought stress in maize. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2254-2271. [PMID: 32488892 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the growth response to drought, we performed a proteomics study in the leaf growth zone of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings and functionally characterized the role of starch biosynthesis in the regulation of growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, using the shrunken-2 mutant (sh2), defective in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Drought altered the abundance of 284 proteins overrepresented for photosynthesis, amino acid, sugar and starch metabolism, and redox-regulation. Changes in protein levels correlated with enzyme activities (increased ATP synthase, cysteine synthase, starch synthase, RuBisCo, peroxiredoxin, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin and decreased triosephosphate isomerase, ferredoxin, cellulose synthase activities, respectively) and metabolite concentrations (increased ATP, cysteine, glycine, serine, starch, proline and decreased cellulose levels). The sh2 mutant showed a reduced increase of starch levels under drought conditions, leading to soluble sugar starvation at the end of the night and correlating with an inhibition of leaf growth rates. Increased RuBisCo activity and pigment concentrations observed in WT, in response to drought, were lacking in the mutant, which suffered more oxidative damage and recovered more slowly after re-watering. These results demonstrate that starch biosynthesis contributes to maintaining leaf growth under drought stress and facilitates enhanced carbon acquisition upon recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamada AbdElgawad
- Research group for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Viktoriya Avramova
- Research group for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Applied Bio & molecular Systems, VITO, Mol, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Van Raemdonck
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- Applied Bio & molecular Systems, VITO, Mol, Belgium
- Center for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xaveer Van Ostade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yves Guisez
- Research group for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Research group for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Research group for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Research group for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
208
|
Wang Y, Cui X, Yang B, Xu S, Wei X, Zhao P, Niu F, Sun M, Wang C, Cheng H, Jiang YQ. WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence and the defense response by modulating the transcription of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev.189647. [PMID: 32680933 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) are two factors regulating leaf senescence and defense against pathogens. However, how a single gene integrates both ROS and SA pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates ROS and SA accumulation, and thus leaf senescence and resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae WRKY55 is predominantly expressed in senescent leaves and encodes a transcriptional activator localized to nuclei. Both inducible and constitutive overexpression of WRKY55 accelerates leaf senescence, whereas mutants delay it. Transcriptomic sequencing identified 1448 differentially expressed genes, of which 1157 genes are upregulated by WRKY55 expression. Accordingly, the ROS and SA contents in WRKY55-overexpressing plants are higher than those in control plants, whereas the opposite occurs in mutants. Moreover, WRKY55 positively regulates defense against P. syringae Finally, we show that WRKY55 activates the expression of RbohD, ICS1, PBS3 and SAG13 by binding directly to the W-box-containing fragments. Taken together, our work has identified a new WRKY transcription factor that integrates both ROS and SA pathways to regulate leaf senescence and pathogen resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Maheshwari P, Assmann SM, Albert R. A Guard Cell Abscisic Acid (ABA) Network Model That Captures the Stomatal Resting State. Front Physiol 2020; 11:927. [PMID: 32903539 PMCID: PMC7438572 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores play a central role in the control of carbon assimilation and plant water status. The guard cell pair that borders each pore integrates information from environmental and endogenous signals and accordingly swells or deflates, thereby increasing or decreasing the stomatal aperture. Prior research shows that there is a complex cellular network underlying this process. We have previously constructed a signal transduction network and a Boolean dynamic model describing stomatal closure in response to signals including the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), calcium or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we improve the Boolean network model such that it captures the biologically expected response of the guard cell in the absence or following the removal of a closure-inducing signal such as ABA or external Ca2+. The expectation from the biological system is reversibility, i.e., the stomata should reopen after the closing signal is removed. We find that the model's reversibility is obstructed by the previously assumed persistent activity of four nodes. By introducing time-dependent Boolean functions for these nodes, the model recapitulates stomatal reopening following the removal of a signal. The previous version of the model predicts ∼20% closure in the absence of any signal due to uncertainty regarding the initial conditions of multiple network nodes. We systematically test and adjust these initial conditions to find the minimally restrictive combinations that appropriately result in open stomata in the absence of a closure signal. We support these results by an analysis of the successive stabilization of feedback motifs in the network, illuminating the system's dynamic progression toward the open or closed stomata state. This analysis particularly highlights the role of cytosolic calcium oscillations in causing and maintaining stomatal closure. Overall, we illustrate the strength of the Boolean network modeling framework to efficiently capture cellular phenotypes as emergent outcomes of intracellular biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Maheshwari
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Reka Albert
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Hawamda AIM, Zahoor A, Abbas A, Ali MA, Bohlmann H. The Arabidopsis RboHB Encoded by At1g09090 Is Important for Resistance against Nematodes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155556. [PMID: 32756498 PMCID: PMC7432757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are a byproduct of aerobic metabolic processes but are also produced by plants in defense against pathogens. In addition, they can function as signaling molecules that control various aspects of plant life, ranging from developmental processes to responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli. In plants, reactive oxygen species can be produced by respiratory burst oxidase homologues. Arabidopsis contains 10 genes for respiratory burst oxidase homologues that are involved in different aspects of plant life. Plant pathogenic cyst nematodes such as Heterodera schachtii induce a syncytium in the roots of host plants that becomes a feeding site which supplies nutrients throughout the life of the nematode. In line with this function, the transcriptome of the syncytium shows drastic changes. One of the genes that is most strongly downregulated in syncytia codes for respiratory burst oxidase homologue B. This gene is root-specific and we confirm here the downregulation in nematode feeding sites with a promoter::GUS (β-glucuronidase) line. Overexpression of this gene resulted in enhanced resistance against nematodes but also against leaf-infecting pathogens. Thus, respiratory burst oxidase homologue B has a role in resistance. The function of this gene is in contrast to respiratory burst oxidase homologues D and F, which have been found to be needed for full susceptibility of Arabidopsis to H. schachtii. However, our bioinformatic analysis did not find differences between these proteins that could account for the opposed function in the interaction with nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalmenem I. M. Hawamda
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Adil Zahoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Korea;
| | - Amjad Abbas
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Liu YC, Ma W, Niu JF, Li B, Zhou W, Liu S, Yan YP, Ma J, Wang ZZ. Systematic analysis of SmWD40s, and responding of SmWD40-170 to drought stress by regulation of ABA- and H 2O 2-induced stomal movement in Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 153:131-140. [PMID: 32502715 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
WD40 proteins play crucial roles in response to abiotic stress. By screening the genome sequences of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, 225 SmWD40 genes were identified and divided into 9 subfamilies (I-IX). Physiological, biochemical, gene structure, conserved protein motif and GO annotation analyses were performed on SmWD40 family members. The SmWD40-170 was found in 110 SmWD40 genes that contain drought response elements, SmWD40-170 was one of these genes whose response in terms of expression under drought was significant. The expression of SmWD40-170 was also up-regulated by ABA and H2O2. Through observed the stomatal phenotype of SmWD40-170 transgenic lines, the stomatal closure was abolished under dehydration, ABA and H2O2 treatment in SmWD40-170 knockdown lines. Abscisic acid (ABA), as the key phytohormone, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels under drought stress. The ABA-ROS interaction mediated the generation of H2O2 and the activation of anion channel in guard cells. The osmolality alteration of guard cells further accelerated the stomatal closure. As a second messenger, nitric oxide (NO) regulated ABA signaling, the NO stimulated protein kinase activity inhibited the K+ influx which result in stomatal closure. These NO-relevant events were essential for ABA-induced stomatal closure. The reduction of NO production was also observed in the guard cells of SmWD40-170 knockdown lines. The abolished of stomatal closure attributed to the SmWD40-170 deficiency induced the reduction of NO content. In general, the SmWD40-170 is a critical drought response gene in SmWD40 gene family and regulates ABA- and H2O2-induced stomatal movement by affecting the synthesis of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Wen Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Jun-Feng Niu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Ji Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Waadt R, Köster P, Andrés Z, Waadt C, Bradamante G, Lampou K, Kudla J, Schumacher K. Dual-Reporting Transcriptionally Linked Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicators Resolve the Spatiotemporal Coordination of Cytosolic Abscisic Acid and Second Messenger Dynamics in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2582-2601. [PMID: 32471862 PMCID: PMC7401017 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering signal transduction processes is crucial for understanding how plants sense and respond to environmental changes. Various chemical compounds function as central messengers within deeply intertwined signaling networks. How such compounds act in concert remains to be elucidated. We have developed dual-reporting transcriptionally linked genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (2-in-1-GEFIs) for multiparametric in vivo analyses of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), Ca2+, protons (H+), chloride (anions), the glutathione redox potential, and H2O2 Simultaneous analyses of two signaling compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots revealed that ABA treatment and uptake did not trigger rapid cytosolic Ca2+ or H+ dynamics. Glutamate, ATP, Arabidopsis PLANT ELICITOR PEPTIDE, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) treatments induced rapid spatiotemporally overlapping cytosolic Ca2+, H+, and anion dynamics, but except for GSSG, only weakly affected the cytosolic redox state. Overall, 2-in-1-GEFIs enable complementary, high-resolution in vivo analyses of signaling compound dynamics and facilitate an advanced understanding of the spatiotemporal coordination of signal transduction processes in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Waadt
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Köster
- Molekulare Genetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Bradamante
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Lampou
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Molekulare Genetik und Zellbiologie der Pflanzen, Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Entwicklungsbiologie der Pflanzen, Centre for Organismal Studies, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Chakraborty S, Mishra AK. Mitigation of zinc toxicity through differential strategies in two species of the cyanobacterium Anabaena isolated from zinc polluted paddy field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114375. [PMID: 32220689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of zinc tolerance in two heterocytous cyanobacteria i.e. Anabaena doliolum and Anabaena oryzae, treated with their respective LC50 concentrations of zinc (3 and 4.5 mg L-1) for eight days. The feedbacks were examined in terms of growth, metabolism, zinc exclusion, zinc accumulation, oxidative stress, antioxidants and metallothionein contents. Although the growth and metabolic activities were reduced in both the cyanobacterium, maximum adversity was noticed in A. doliolum. The higher order of abnormalities in A. doliolum was attributed to excessive accumulation of zinc and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the comparatively higher growth and metabolic activities of A. oryzae were ascribed to the lower accumulation of zinc as a result of released polysaccharides mediated zinc exclusion, synthesis of zinc chelating metallothioneins and subsequent less production of ROS. The oxidative stress and macromolecular damages were prominent in both the cyanobacterium but the condition was much harsher in A. doliolum which may be explained by its comparatively low antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, APX and GR) and smaller amount of ascorbate-glutathione-tocopherol contents than that of A. oryzae. However, sustenance of 50% growth by A. doliolum under zinc stress despite severe cellular damages was attributed to the enhanced synthesis of phenolics, flavonoids, and proline. Thus, differential zinc tolerance in A. doliolum and A. oryzae is possibly the outcome of their distinct mitigation strategies. Although the two test organisms followed pseudo second order kinetics model during zinc biosorption yet they exhibited differential zinc biosorption capacity. The cyanobacterium A. oryzae was found to be more efficient in removing zinc as compared to A. doliolum and this efficiency makes A. oryzae a promising candidate for the phycoremediation of zinc polluted environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun K Mishra
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Nazir F, Fariduddin Q, Khan TA. Hydrogen peroxide as a signalling molecule in plants and its crosstalk with other plant growth regulators under heavy metal stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126486. [PMID: 32234629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a significant regulatory component interrelated with signal transduction in plants. The positive role of H2O2 in plants subjected to myriad of abiotic factors has led us to comprehend that it is not only a free radical, generated as a product of oxidative stress, but also helpful in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in crop plants. Studies over the last two centuries has indicated that H2O2 is a key molecule which regulate photosynthesis, stomatal movement, pollen growth, fruit and flower development and leaf senescence. Exogenously-sourced H2O2 at nanomolar levels functions as a signalling molecule, facilitates seed germination, chlorophyll content, stomatal opening, and delays senescence, while at elevated levels, it triggers oxidative burst to organic molecules, which could lead to cell death. Furthermore, H2O2 is also known to interplay synergistically or antagonistically with other plant growth regulators such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, nitric oxide and Ca2+ (as signalling molecules), and brassinosteroids (steroidal PGRs) under myriad of environmental stresses and thus, mediate plant growth and development and reactions to abiotic factors. The purpose of this review is to specify accessible knowledge on the role and dynamic mechanisms of H2O2 in mediating growth responses and plant resilience to HM stresses, and its crosstalk with other significant PGRs in controlling various processes. More recently, signal transduction by mitogen activated protein kinases and other transcription factors which attenuate HM stresses in plants have also been dissected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Nadarajah KK. ROS Homeostasis in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5208. [PMID: 32717820 PMCID: PMC7432042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change-induced abiotic stress results in crop yield and production losses. These stresses result in changes at the physiological and molecular level that affect the development and growth of the plant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is formed at high levels due to abiotic stress within different organelles, leading to cellular damage. Plants have evolved mechanisms to control the production and scavenging of ROS through enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative processes. However, ROS has a dual function in abiotic stresses where, at high levels, they are toxic to cells while the same molecule can function as a signal transducer that activates a local and systemic plant defense response against stress. The effects, perception, signaling, and activation of ROS and their antioxidative responses are elaborated in this review. This review aims to provide a purview of processes involved in ROS homeostasis in plants and to identify genes that are triggered in response to abiotic-induced oxidative stress. This review articulates the importance of these genes and pathways in understanding the mechanism of resistance in plants and the importance of this information in breeding and genetically developing crops for resistance against abiotic stress in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani K Nadarajah
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM BANGI, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Hu CH, Zeng QD, Tai L, Li BB, Zhang PP, Nie XM, Wang PQ, Liu WT, Li WQ, Kang ZS, Han DJ, Chen KM. Interaction between TaNOX7 and TaCDPK13 Contributes to Plant Fertility and Drought Tolerance by Regulating ROS Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7333-7347. [PMID: 32551586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is critical for both physiological processes and stress responses of plants. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are the key producers of ROS in plants. However, their functions in ROS homeostasis and plant growth regulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) are little investigated. Here, we cloned and characterized a NOX isoform TaNOX7 in wheat. Overexpression of TaNOX7 in rice led to enhanced root length, ROS production, drought tolerance as well as bigger panicles and higher yield but shorter growth period duration. Further results indicate that TaCDPK13, a member of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), can directly interact with TaNOX7 and enhance ROS production in plants. These results demonstrate that TaNOX7 plays crucial roles in wheat development, fertility, and drought tolerance via interaction with TaCDPK13, which may act as an upstream regulator of TaNOX7 to regulate ROS production in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Cui X, Zhao P, Liang W, Cheng Q, Mu B, Niu F, Yan J, Liu C, Xie H, Kav NNV, Deyholos MK, Jiang YQ, Yang B. A Rapeseed WRKY Transcription Factor Phosphorylated by CPK Modulates Cell Death and Leaf Senescence by Regulating the Expression of ROS and SA-Synthesis-Related Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7348-7359. [PMID: 32530625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two well-defined inducers of leaf senescence. Here, we identified a novel WRKY transcription factor gene WSR1 (WRKY regulating SA and ROS 1) in Brassica napus (rapeseed) in promoting SA and ROS production, which eventually led to leaf senescence thereafter. Its expression increased in senescing leaves. Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CPK) 5 and -6 interacted with and phosphorylated BnaWSR1. Overexpression of phosphomimic BnaWSR1 (BnaWSR1ca) in rapeseed protoplasts elicited ROS production and cell death while its ectopic expression in Arabidopsis enhanced SA and ROS levels and, hence, accelerated leaf senescence. Furthermore, BnaWSR1ca activated the expression of Isochorismate Synthase 1 (ICS1), Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue (Rboh) D, and Senescence-Associated Gene 14 (SAG14). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays demonstrated that BnaWSR1ca directly bound to promoter regions of ICS1, RbohD, and SAG14. These data have identified a CPK-WSR1 module that integrates SA and ROS to control cell death and leaf senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wanwan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bangbang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Agrobiotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Bauer S, Mekonnen DW, Geist B, Lange B, Ghirardo A, Zhang W, Schäffner AR. The isoleucic acid triad: distinct impacts on plant defense, root growth, and formation of reactive oxygen species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4258-4270. [PMID: 32227083 PMCID: PMC7448199 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Isoleucic acid (ILA), a branched-chain amino acid-related 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid, occurs ubiquitously in plants. It enhances pathogen resistance and inhibits root growth of Arabidopsis. The salicylic acid (SA) glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is able to conjugate ILA. Here, we investigate the role of ILA in planta in Arabidopsis and reveal a triad of distinct responses to this small molecule. ILA synergistically co-operates with SA to activate SA-responsive gene expression and resistance in a UGT76B1-dependent manner in agreement with the observed competitive ILA-dependent repression of SA glucosylation by UGT76B1. However, ILA also shows an SA-independent stress response. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining and pharmacological experiments indicate that ILA induces superoxide formation of the wild type and of an SA-deficient (NahG sid2) line. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of ILA on root growth is independent of both SA and superoxide induction. These effects of ILA are specific and distinct from its isomeric compound leucic acid and from the amino acid isoleucine. Leucic acid and isoleucine do not induce expression of defense marker genes or superoxide production, whereas both compounds inhibit root growth. All three responses to ILA are also observed in Brassica napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Bauer
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dereje W Mekonnen
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Geist
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Birgit Lange
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Environmental Simulation Unit, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
Zhang L, Li D, Yao Y, Zhang S. H 2O 2, Ca 2+, and K + in subsidiary cells of maize leaves are involved in regulatory signaling of stomatal movement. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:243-251. [PMID: 32449683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The stomata of maize (Zea mays) contain a pair of guard cells and a pair of subsidiary cells. To determine whether H2O2, Ca2+, and K+ in subsidiary cells were involved in stomatal movement, we treated four-week-old maize (Zhengdan 958) leaves with H2O2, diphenylene iodonium (DPI), CaCl2, and LaCl3. Changes in content and distribution of H2O2, Ca2+, and K+ during stomatal movement were observed. When exogenous H2O2 was applied, Ca2+ increased and K+ decreased in guard cells, while both ions increased in subsidiary cells, leading to stomatal closure. After DPI treatment, Ca2+ decreased and K+ increased in guard cells, but both Ca2+ and K+ decreased in subsidiary cells, resulting in open stomata. Exogenous CaCl2 increased H2O2 and reduced K+ in guard cells, while significantly increasing them in subsidiary cells and causing stomatal closure. After LaCl3 treatment, H2O2 decreased and K+ increased in guard cells, whereas both decreased in subsidiary cells and stomata became open. Results indicate that H2O2 and Ca2+ correlate positively with each other and with K+ in subsidiary cells during stomatal movement. Both H2O2 and Ca2+ in subsidiary cells promote an inflow of K+, indirectly regulating stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yaqin Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
220
|
Yu SG, Kim JH, Cho NH, Oh TR, Kim WT. Arabidopsis RING E3 ubiquitin ligase JUL1 participates in ABA-mediated microtubule depolymerization, stomatal closure, and tolerance response to drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:824-842. [PMID: 32314432 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a critical post-translational protein modification that has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including abiotic stress responses, in plants. In the present study, we identified and characterized a T-DNA insertion mutant in the At5g10650 locus. Compared to wild-type Arabidopsis plants, at5g10650 progeny were hyposensitive to ABA at the germination stage. At5g10650 possessed a single C-terminal C3HC4-type Really Interesting New Gene (RING) motif, which was essential for ABA-mediated germination and E3 ligase activity in vitro. At5g10650 was closely associated with microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins in Arabidopsis and tobacco leaf cells. Localization of At5g10650 to the nucleus was frequently observed. Unexpectedly, At5g10650 was identified as JAV1-ASSOCIATED UBIQUITIN LIGASE1 (JUL1), which was recently reported to participate in the jasmonate signaling pathway. The jul1 knockout plants exhibited impaired ABA-promoted stomatal closure. In addition, stomatal closure could not be induced by hydrogen peroxide and calcium in jul1 plants. jul1 guard cells accumulated wild-type levels of H2 O2 after ABA treatment. These findings indicated that JUL1 acts downstream of H2 O2 and calcium in the ABA-mediated stomatal closure pathway. Typical radial arrays of microtubules were maintained in jul1 guard cells after exposure to ABA, H2 O2 , and calcium, which in turn resulted in ABA-hyposensitive stomatal movements. Finally, jul1 plants were markedly more susceptible to drought stress than wild-type plants. Overall, our results suggest that the Arabidopsis RING E3 ligase JUL1 plays a critical role in ABA-mediated microtubule disorganization, stomatal closure, and tolerance to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Gwan Yu
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Na Hyun Cho
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Tae Rin Oh
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology and Division of Life Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Zhao C, Jiang W, Zayed O, Liu X, Tang K, Nie W, Li Y, Xie S, Li Y, Long T, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu JK. The LRXs-RALFs-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by modulating multiple plant hormones. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa149. [PMID: 34691553 PMCID: PMC8288382 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway, where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5, the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23 and receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth, cell wall integrity and salt stress responses are still unknown. Here, we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases, suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Together, our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Omar Zayed
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Nie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tiandan Long
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linlin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
OsJAZ13 Negatively Regulates Jasmonate Signaling and Activates Hypersensitive Cell Death Response in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124379. [PMID: 32575555 PMCID: PMC7352843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins belong to the subgroup of TIFY family and act as key regulators of jasmonate (JA) responses in plants. To date, only a few JAZ proteins have been characterized in rice. Here, we report the identification and function of rice OsJAZ13 gene. The gene encodes three different splice variants: OsJAZ13a, OsJAZ13b, and OsJAZ13c. The expression of OsJAZ13 was mainly activated in vegetative tissues and transiently responded to JA and ethylene. Subcellular localization analysis indicated OsJAZ13a is a nuclear protein. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed OsJAZ13a directly interacts with OsMYC2, and also with OsCOI1, in a COR-dependent manner. Furthermore, OsJAZ13a recruited a general co-repressor OsTPL via an adaptor protein OsNINJA. Remarkably, overexpression of OsJAZ13a resulted in the attenuation of root by methyl JA. Furthermore, OsJAZ13a-overexpressing plants developed lesion mimics in the sheath after approximately 30–45 days of growth. Tillers with necrosis died a few days later. Gene-expression analysis suggested the role of OsJAZ13 in modulating the expression of JA/ethylene response-related genes to regulate growth and activate hypersensitive cell death. Taken together, these observations describe a novel regulatory mechanism in rice and provide the basis for elucidating the function of OsJAZ13 in signal transduction and cell death in plants.
Collapse
|
223
|
Xu P, Chen H, Cai W. Transcription factor CDF4 promotes leaf senescence and floral organ abscission by regulating abscisic acid and reactive oxygen species pathways in Arabidopsis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48967. [PMID: 32484317 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex developmental process that is tightly controlled by multiple layers of regulation. Abscisic acid (ABA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two well-known factors that promote leaf senescence. We show here that the transcription factor CDF4 positively regulates leaf senescence. Constitutive and inducible overexpression of CDF4 accelerates leaf senescence, while knockdown of CDF4 delays it. CDF4 increases endogenous ABA levels by upregulating the transcription of the ABA biosynthesis genes 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2, 3 (NCED2, 3) and suppresses H2 O2 scavenging by repressing expression of the catalase2 (CAT2) gene. NCED2, 3 knockout and CAT2 overexpression partially rescue premature leaf senescence caused by CDF4 overexpression. We also show that CDF4 promotes floral organ abscission by activating the polygalacturonase PGAZAT gene. Based on these results, we propose that the levels of CDF4, ABA, and ROS undergo a gradual increase driven by their interlinking positive feedback loops during the leaf senescence and floral organ abscission processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Wang X, Che MZ, Khalil HB, McCallum BD, Bakkeren G, Rampitsch C, Saville BJ. The role of reactive oxygen species in the virulence of wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2956-2967. [PMID: 32390310 PMCID: PMC7496513 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role during host–pathogen interactions and are often an indication of induced host defence responses. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that Puccinia triticina (Pt) generates ROS, including superoxide, H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals, during wheat infection. Through pharmacological inhibition, we found that ROS are critical for both Pt urediniospore germination and pathogenic development on wheat. A comparative RNA‐Seq analysis of different stages of Pt infection process revealed 291 putative Pt genes associated with the oxidation–reduction process. Thirty‐seven of these genes encode known proteins. The expressions of five Pt genes, including PtNoxA, PtNoxB, PtNoxR, PtCat and PtSod, were subsequently verified using RT‐qPCR analysis. The results show that the expressions of PtNoxA, PtNoxB, PtNoxR, PtCat and PtSod are up‐regulated during urediniospore germination. In comparison, the expressions of PtNoxA, PtNoxB, PtNoxR and PtCat are down‐regulated during wheat infection from 12 to 120 h after inoculation (HAI), whereas the expression of PtSod is up‐regulated with a peak of expression at 120 HAI. We conclude that ROS are critical for the full virulence of Pt and a coordinate down‐regulation of PtNox genes may be important for successful infection in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiben Wang
- Morden Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Mingzhe Z Che
- Morden Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada.,Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, People's Republic of China
| | - Hala B Khalil
- Summerland Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 68 Hadayek Shoubra, Postal code, Cairo, 11241, Egypt
| | - Brent D McCallum
- Morden Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Guus Bakkeren
- Summerland Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Christof Rampitsch
- Morden Research & Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 101 Route 100, Morden, Manitoba, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Barry J Saville
- Forensic Science Program Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
He J, Zhang RX, Kim DS, Sun P, Liu H, Liu Z, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. ROS of Distinct Sources and Salicylic Acid Separate Elevated CO 2-Mediated Stomatal Movements in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:542. [PMID: 32457781 PMCID: PMC7225777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Elevated CO2 (eCO2) often reduces leaf stomatal aperture and density thus impacts plant physiology and productivity. We have previously demonstrated that the Arabidopsis BIG protein distinguishes between the processes of eCO2-induced stomatal closure and eCO2-inhibited stomatal opening. However, the mechanistic basis of this action is not fully understood. Here we show that eCO2-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in big mutants was compromised in stomatal closure induction but not in stomatal opening inhibition. Pharmacological and genetic studies show that ROS generated by both NADPH oxidases and cell wall peroxidases contribute to eCO2-induced stomatal closure, whereas inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening by eCO2 may rely on the ROS derived from NADPH oxidases but not from cell wall peroxidases. As with JA and ABA, SA is required for eCO2-induced ROS generation and stomatal closure. In contrast, none of these three signals has a significant role in eCO2-inhibited stomatal opening, unveiling the distinct roles of plant hormonal signaling pathways in the induction of stomatal closure and the inhibition of stomatal opening by eCO2. In conclusion, this study adds SA to a list of plant hormones that together with ROS from distinct sources distinguish two branches of eCO2-mediated stomatal movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alistair M. Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Chen S, Jia H, Wang X, Shi C, Wang X, Ma P, Wang J, Ren M, Li J. Hydrogen Sulfide Positively Regulates Abscisic Acid Signaling through Persulfidation of SnRK2.6 in Guard Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:732-744. [PMID: 31958520 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays pivotal roles in triggering stomatal closure and facilitating adaptation of plants to drought stress. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a small signaling gas molecule, is involved in ABA-dependent stomatal closure. However, how H2S regulates ABA signaling remains largely unclear. Here, we show that ABA induces the production of H2S catalyzed by L-CYSTEINE DESULFHYDRASE1 (DES1) in guard cells, and H2S in turn positively regulates ABA signaling through persulfidation of Open Stomata 1 (OST1)/SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2.6 (SnRK2.6). Two cysteine (Cys) sites, Cys131 and Cys137, which are exposed on the surface of SnRK2.6 and close to the activation loop, were identified to be persulfidated, which promotes the activity of SnRK2.6 and its interaction with ABA response element-binding factor 2 (ABF2), a transcription factor acting downstream of ABA signaling. When Cys131, Cys137, or both residues in SnRK2.6 were substituted with serine (S), H2S-induced SnRK2.6 activity and SnRK2.6-ABF2 interaction were partially (SnRK2.6C131S and SnRK2.6C137S) or completely (SnRK2.6C131SC137S) compromised. Introduction of SnRK2.6C131S, SnRK2.6C137S, or SnRK2.6C131SC137S into the ost1-3 mutant could not rescue the mutant phenotype: less sensitivity to ABA- and H2S-induced stomatal closure and Ca2+ influx as well as increased water loss and decreased drought tolerance. Taken together, our study reveals a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism of ABA signaling whereby H2S persulfidates SnRK2.6 to promote ABA signaling and ABA-induced stomatal closure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Honglei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Cong Shi
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Peiyun Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meijuan Ren
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jisheng Li
- Biomass Energy Center for Arid and Semi-arid Lands, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Zhang XP, Ma CX, Sun LR, Hao FS. Roles and mechanisms of Ca 2+ in regulating primary root growth of plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1748283. [PMID: 32264747 PMCID: PMC7238873 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1748283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) as a universal signal molecule plays pivotal roles in plant growth and development. It regulates root morphogenesis mainly through mediating phytohormone and stress signalings or affecting these signalings. In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding the roles of Ca2+ in primary root development. Here, we summarize recent advances in the functions and mechanisms of Ca2+ in modulating primary root growth in plants under normal and stressful conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Cai Xia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li Rong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fu Shun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Jakubowicz M, Nowak W, Gałgański Ł, Babula-Skowrońska D, Kubiak P. Expression profiling of the genes encoding ABA route components and the ACC oxidase isozymes in the senescing leaves of Populus tremula. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153143. [PMID: 32126452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) triggers and regulates, while ethylene modulates autumn leaf senescence. The expression profiles of genes encoding ABA route components and the ACC oxidase isozymes were investigated in Populus tremula during the early and moderate stages of autumn leaf senescence. The targets of interest were Ptre-HAB1-like genes (Ptre-HAB1, Ptre-HAB3a and Ptre-HAB3b), the subclass 3 of Ptre-SnRK2s genes (Ptre-SnRK2.6a, Ptre-SnRK2.6b and Ptre-SnRK2.6b) and Ptre-RbohD1, Ptre-RbohF1, and Ptre-RbohF2 genes encoding the poplar components, which are counterparts of the ABA route key regulators or the counterparts of its secondary messengers, such as Homology to ABA-insensitive 1 (HAB1), Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) or Respiratory burst oxidase D and Respiratory burst oxidase F (RbohD and RbohF, respectively) in Arabidopsis, and Ptre-ACO3, Ptre-ACO5, and Ptre-ACO6 genes encoding ACC oxidase isozymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. The fold change in their expression levels enabled to distinguish the distinct expression patterns for the following pairs of genes: Ptre-HAB3a and Ptre-SnRK2.6a, Ptre-HAB3b and Ptre-SnRK2.2, and Ptre-HAB1 and Ptre-SnRK2.6b, where each pair involves the genes encoding the negative and positive regulators of ABA route, respectively. Among the investigated genes, the fold change of expression was the highest for Ptre-ACO3, Ptre-ACO6, and Ptre-SnRK2.6b genes during both the studied stages, and additionally for Ptre-HAB1 and Ptre-RbohD1 genes during the moderate stage. In contrast, the Ptre-RbohF1 and Ptre-RbohF2 genes exhibited only the transient upregulation at the early stage of senescence. In an in vitro study, the ability of protein kinases Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b to phosphorylate the N-terminal regions of Ptre-RbohD1 and Ptre-RbohF2 was studied; the activity of Ptre-SnRK2.6b against the studied Ptre-Rbohs was noticeably lower than that exhibited by Ptre-SnRK2.6a. It seems that despite the high similarity of their polypeptides, Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b may play different biological roles; nonetheless, it requires in vivo confirmation. Surprisingly, the highest protein kinase activity against the Ptre-Rbohs was detected in the heterologous reaction with AT-SnRK2.6/OST1 which suggests that the discussed interactions are evolutionary conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jakubowicz
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Babula-Skowrońska
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Liu L, Huang L, Lin X, Sun C. Hydrogen peroxide alleviates salinity-induced damage through enhancing proline accumulation in wheat seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:567-575. [PMID: 32025801 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase-mediated H2O2 maintains proline concentration under NaCl stress through regulating its biosynthesis and degradation, conferring salt tolerance to wheat plants. Considerable attention has been paid to the specific role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plant stress responses. Here, using microscopic, pharmacological and biochemical approaches, we explored H2O2 production and its roles in redox control under salt stress in wheat roots. Exogenous H2O2 pretreatment decreased salt-induced lipid peroxidation, while increased proline content in wheat roots. Salt stress led to a transient increase in NADPH oxidase activity accompanied by accumulation of H2O2 and proline in roots. The elevated proline accumulation in the presence of NaCl was significantly suppressed by diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, and dimethylthiourea, a scavenger of H2O2. The rate-limiting enzyme involved in proline biosynthesis, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), was induced by NaCl, whereas the house-keeping enzyme in proline degradation, proline dehydrogenase (ProDH), was inhibited. After 6 h, the activity of P5CS increased by 1.5-fold, whereas ProDH decreased by 13.9%. The levels of these enzymes, however, were restored by NADPH oxidase inhibitor or H2O2 scavenger. After treatment with H2O2, the effects of diphenyleneiodonium and or dimethylthiourea on proline content and activities of P5CS and ProDH were reversed. These results suggested that NADPH oxidase-mediated H2O2 alleviates oxidative damage induced by salt stress through regulating proline biosynthesis and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Wang HQ, Sun LP, Wang LX, Fang XW, Li ZQ, Zhang FF, Hu X, Qi C, He JM. Ethylene mediates salicylic-acid-induced stomatal closure by controlling reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110464. [PMID: 32234220 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene induce stomatal closure and positively regulate stomatal immunity, but their interactions in guard cell signaling are unclear. Here, we observed that SA induced the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes; the production of ethylene, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO); and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, SA-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by an ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor and mutations in ethylene biosynthetic genes, ethylene-signaling genes [RESPONSE TO ANTAGONIST 1 (RAN1), ETHYLENE RESPONSE 1 (ETR1), ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2), EIN3 and ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2)], NADPH oxidase genes [ATRBOHD and ATRBOHF], and nitrate reductase genes (NIA1 and NIA2). Furthermore, SA-triggered ROS production in guard cells was impaired in ran1, etr1, AtrbohD and AtrbohF, but not in ein2, ein3 or arr2. SA-triggered NO production was impaired in all ethylene-signaling mutants tested and in nia1 and nia2. The stomata of mutants for CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1) showed constitutive ROS and NO production and closure. These results indicate that ethylene mediates SA-induced stomatal closure by activating ATRBOHD/F-mediated ROS synthesis in an RAN1-, ETR1- and CTR1-dependent manner. This in turn induces NIA1/2-mediated NO production and subsequent stomatal closure via the ETR1, EIN2, EIN3 and ARR2-dependent pathway(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Li-Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun-Min He
- School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Rhaman MS, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Murata Y. The Myrosinases TGG1 and TGG2 Function Redundantly in Reactive Carbonyl Species Signaling in Arabidopsis Guard Cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:967-977. [PMID: 32145024 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase, enzyme nomenclature, EC 3.2.1.147, TGG) is a highly abundant protein in Arabidopsis guard cells, of which TGG1 and TGG2 function redundantly in abscisic acid (ABA)- and methyl jasmonate-induced stomatal closure. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, which function downstream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the ABA signalling pathway in guard cells. Among the RCS, acrolein is the most highly reactive, which is significantly produced in ABA-treated guard cells. To clarify the ABA signal pathway downstream of ROS production, we investigated the responses of tgg mutants (tgg1-3, tgg2-1 and tgg1-3 tgg2-1) to acrolein. Acrolein induced stomatal closure and triggered cytosolic alkalization in wild type (WT), tgg1-3 single mutants and in tgg2-1 single mutants, but not in tgg1-3 tgg2-1 double mutants. Exogenous Ca2+ induced stomatal closure and cytosolic alkalization not only in WT but also in all of the mutants. Acrolein- and Ca2+-induced stomatal closures were inhibited by an intracellular acidifying agent, butyrate, a Ca2+ chelator, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and a Ca2+ channel blocker, LaCl3. Acrolein induced cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation in guard cells of WT plants but not in the tgg1-3 tgg2-1 double mutants. Exogenous Ca2+ elicited [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cells of WT and tgg1-3 tgg2-1. Our results suggest that TGG1 and TGG2 function redundantly, not between ROS production and RCS production, but downstream of RCS production in the ABA signal pathway in Arabidopsis guard cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saidur Rhaman
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Okayama, 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Abstract
Rising CO2 concentrations and their effects on plant productivity present challenging issues. Effects on the photosynthesis/photorespiration balance and changes in primary metabolism are known, caused by the competitive interaction of CO2 and O2 at the active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. However, impacts on stress resistance are less clear. Reactive oxygen species are key players in biotic and abiotic stress responses, but there is no consensus on whether elevated CO2 constitutes a stress. Although high CO2 increases yield in C3 plants, it can also increase cellular oxidation and activate phytohormone defense pathways. Reduction-oxidation processes play key roles in acclimation to high CO2, with specific enzymes acting in compartment-specific signaling. Traditionally, acclimation to high CO2 has been considered in terms of altered carbon gain, but emerging evidence suggests that CO2 is a signal as well as a substrate. Some CO2 effects on defense are likely mediated independently of primary metabolism. Nonetheless, primary photosynthetic metabolism is highly integrated with defense and stress signaling pathways, meaning that plants will be able to acclimate to the changing environment over the coming decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
| | - Graham Noctor
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France;
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| |
Collapse
|
233
|
Cheuk A, Ouellet F, Houde M. The barley stripe mosaic virus expression system reveals the wheat C2H2 zinc finger protein TaZFP1B as a key regulator of drought tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:144. [PMID: 32264833 PMCID: PMC7140352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting wheat production globally. Improving drought tolerance is important for agriculture sustainability. Although various morphological, physiological and biochemical responses associated with drought tolerance have been documented, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory genes that are needed to improve drought tolerance in crops require further investigation. We have used a novel 4-component version (for overexpression) and a 3-component version (for underexpression) of a barley stripe mosaic virus-based (BSMV) system for functional characterization of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein TaZFP1B in wheat. These expression systems avoid the need to produce transgenic plant lines and greatly speed up functional gene characterization. RESULTS We show that overexpression of TaZFP1B stimulates plant growth and up-regulates different oxidative stress-responsive genes under well-watered conditions. Plants that overexpress TaZFP1B are more drought tolerant at critical periods of the plant's life cycle. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that plants overexpressing TaZFP1B reprogram their transcriptome, resulting in physiological and physical modifications that help wheat to grow and survive under drought stress. In contrast, plants transformed to underexpress TaZFP1B are significantly less tolerant to drought and growth is negatively affected. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that the two versions of the BSMV system can be used for fast and efficient functional characterization of genes in crops. The extent of transcriptome reprogramming in plants that overexpress TaZFP1B indicates that the encoded transcription factor is a key regulator of drought tolerance in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cheuk
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Francois Ouellet
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mario Houde
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Cai C, He S, An Y, Wang L. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid improves strawberry tolerance to osmotic stress and its possible mechanisms. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:948-962. [PMID: 31621913 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated strawberry, one of the major fruit crops worldwide, is an evergreen plant with shallow root system, and thus sensitive to environmental changes, including drought stress. To investigate the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a new environment-friendly plant growth regulator, on strawberry drought tolerance and its possible mechanisms, we treated strawberry (Fragaria × annanasa Duch. cv. 'Benihoppe') with 15% polyethylene glycol 6000 to simulate osmotic stress with or without 10 mg l-1 ALA. We found that ALA significantly alleviated PEG-inhibited plant growth and improved water absorption and xylem sap flux, indicating ALA mitigates the adverse effect of osmotic stress on strawberry plants. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence analysis showed that ALA mitigated PEG-induced decreases of Pn , Gs , Tr , Pn /Ci , photosystem I and II reaction center activities, electron transport activity, and photosynthetic performance indexes. Equally important, ALA promoted PEG-increased antioxidant enzyme activities and repressed PEG-increased malondialdehyde and superoxide anion in both leaves and roots. Specially, ALA repressed H2 O2 increase in leaves, but stimulated it in roots. Furthermore, ALA repressed abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling gene expressions in leaves, but promoted those in roots. In addition, ALA blocked PEG-downregulated expressions of plasmalemma and tonoplast aquaporin genes PIP and TIP in both leaves and roots. Taken together, ALA effectively enhances strawberry drought tolerance and the mechanism is related to the improvement of water absorption and conductivity. The tissue-specific responses of ABA biosynthesis, ABA signaling, and H2 O2 accumulation to ALA in leaves and roots play key roles in ALA-improved strawberry tolerance to osmotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Cai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shasha He
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Shen J, Zhang J, Zhou M, Zhou H, Cui B, Gotor C, Romero LC, Fu L, Yang J, Foyer CH, Pan Q, Shen W, Xie Y. Persulfidation-based Modification of Cysteine Desulfhydrase and the NADPH Oxidase RBOHD Controls Guard Cell Abscisic Acid Signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1000-1017. [PMID: 32024687 PMCID: PMC7145499 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule that regulates diverse cellular signaling pathways through persulfidation, which involves the post-translational modification of specific Cys residues to form persulfides. However, the mechanisms that underlie this important redox-based modification remain poorly understood in higher plants. We have, therefore, analyzed how protein persulfidation acts as a specific and reversible signaling mechanism during the abscisic acid (ABA) response in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here we show that ABA stimulates the persulfidation of l-CYSTEINE DESULFHYDRASE1, an important endogenous H2S enzyme, at Cys44 and Cys205 in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, sustainable H2S accumulation drives persulfidation of the NADPH oxidase RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG PROTEIN D (RBOHD) at Cys825 and Cys890, enhancing its ability to produce reactive oxygen species. Physiologically, s-persulfidation-induced RBOHD activity is relevant to ABA-induced stomatal closure. Together, these processes form a negative feedback loop that fine-tunes guard cell redox homeostasis and ABA signaling. These findings not only expand our current knowledge of H2S function in the context of guard cell ABA signaling, but also demonstrate the presence of a rapid signal integration mechanism involving specific and reversible redox-based post-translational modifications that occur in response to changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingjian Zhou
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Beimi Cui
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences/Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences/Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Christine Helen Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Qiaona Pan
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Li D, Wei J, Peng Z, Ma W, Yang Q, Song Z, Sun W, Yang W, Yuan L, Xu X, Chang W, Rengel Z, Shen J, Reiter RJ, Cui X, Yu D, Chen Q. Daily rhythms of phytomelatonin signaling modulate diurnal stomatal closure via regulating reactive oxygen species dynamics in Arabidopsis. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12640. [PMID: 32064655 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-studied neurohormone oscillating in a 24-h cycle in vertebrates. Phytomelatonin is widespread in plant kingdom, but it remains elusive whether this newly characterized putative hormone underlies the regulation by daily rhythms. Here, we report phytomelatonin signaling, as reflected by changes in endogenous concentrations of phytomelatonin and expression of genes associated with biosynthesis of phytomelatonin (AtSNAT1, AtCOMT1, and AtASMT) and its receptor (AtPMTR1), shows 24-h oscillations in Arabidopsis. The variation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging and expression of ROS-related genes significantly decrease in pmtr1 and snat and increase in PMTR1-OE seedlings, indicating the rhythmicity in phytomelatonin signaling is required for maintenance of ROS dynamics. Additionally, the ROS signaling feedback influences the expression of AtSNAT1, AtCOMT1, AtASMT, and AtPMTR1, suggesting the phytomelatonin and ROS signaling are coordinately interrelated. The pmtr1 mutant plants lose diurnal stomatal closure, with stomata remaining open during daytime as well as nighttime and mutants showing more water loss and drought sensitivity when compared with the wild-type Col-0 plants. Taken together, our results suggest that PMTR1-regulated ROS signaling peaks in the afternoon and may transmit the darkness signals to trigger stomatal closure, which might be essential for high water-use efficiency and drought tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongping Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenna Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dashi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Plant Cells under Attack: Unconventional Endomembrane Trafficking during Plant Defense. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030389. [PMID: 32245198 PMCID: PMC7154882 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since plants lack specialized immune cells, each cell has to defend itself independently against a plethora of different pathogens. Therefore, successful plant defense strongly relies on precise and efficient regulation of intracellular processes in every single cell. Smooth trafficking within the plant endomembrane is a prerequisite for a diverse set of immune responses. Pathogen recognition, signaling into the nucleus, cell wall enforcement, secretion of antimicrobial proteins and compounds, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species, all heavily depend on vesicle transport. In contrast, pathogens have developed a variety of different means to manipulate vesicle trafficking to prevent detection or to inhibit specific plant responses. Intriguingly, the plant endomembrane system exhibits remarkable plasticity upon pathogen attack. Unconventional trafficking pathways such as the formation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bodies or fusion of the vacuole with the plasma membrane are initiated and enforced as the counteraction. Here, we review the recent findings on unconventional and defense-induced trafficking pathways as the plant´s measures in response to pathogen attack. In addition, we describe the endomembrane system manipulations by different pathogens, with a focus on tethering and fusion events during vesicle trafficking.
Collapse
|
238
|
Jannat R, Senba T, Muroyama D, Uraji M, Hossain MA, Islam MM, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Mori IC, Murata Y. Interaction of intracellular hydrogen peroxide accumulation with nitric oxide production in abscisic acid signaling in guard cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1418-1426. [PMID: 32200704 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1743168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO•) concomitantly play essential roles in guard cell signaling. Studies using catalase mutants have revealed that the inducible and constitutive elevations of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have different roles: only the inducible H2O2 production transduces the abscisic acid (ABA) signal leading stomatal closure. However, the involvement of inducible or constitutive NO• productions, if exists, in this process remains unknown. We studied H2O2 and NO• mobilization in guard cells of catalase mutants. Constitutive H2O2 level was higher in the mutants than that in wild type, but constitutive NO• level was not different among lines. Induced NO• and H2O2 levels elicited by ABA showed a high correlation with each other in all lines. Furthermore, NO• levels increased by exogenous H2O2 also showed a high correlation with stomatal aperture size. Our results demonstrate that ABA-induced intracellular H2O2 accumulation triggers NO• production leading stomatal closure. ABBREVIATIONS ABA: abscisic acid; CAT: catalase; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DAF-2DA: 4,5-diaminofluorescein-2 diacetate; H2DCF-DA: 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; MeJA: methyljasmonate; NOS: nitric oxide synthetase; NR: nitrate reductase; POX: peroxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SNAP: S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine; SNP: sodium nitroprusside; NOX: NADP(H) oxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayhanur Jannat
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Takanori Senba
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Daichi Muroyama
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Misugi Uraji
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| | - Izumi C Mori
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University , Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Abstract
Plants balance their competing requirements for growth and stress tolerance via a sophisticated regulatory circuitry that controls responses to the external environments. We have identified a plant-specific gene, COST1 (constitutively stressed 1), that is required for normal plant growth but negatively regulates drought resistance by influencing the autophagy pathway. An Arabidopsis thaliana cost1 mutant has decreased growth and increased drought tolerance, together with constitutive autophagy and increased expression of drought-response genes, while overexpression of COST1 confers drought hypersensitivity and reduced autophagy. The COST1 protein is degraded upon plant dehydration, and this degradation is reduced upon treatment with inhibitors of the 26S proteasome or autophagy pathways. The drought resistance of a cost1 mutant is dependent on an active autophagy pathway, but independent of other known drought signaling pathways, indicating that COST1 acts through regulation of autophagy. In addition, COST1 colocalizes to autophagosomes with the autophagosome marker ATG8e and the autophagy adaptor NBR1, and affects the level of ATG8e protein through physical interaction with ATG8e, indicating a pivotal role in direct regulation of autophagy. We propose a model in which COST1 represses autophagy under optimal conditions, thus allowing plant growth. Under drought, COST1 is degraded, enabling activation of autophagy and suppression of growth to enhance drought tolerance. Our research places COST1 as an important regulator controlling the balance between growth and stress responses via the direct regulation of autophagy.
Collapse
|
240
|
Medeiros DB, Barros JAS, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Eating Away at ROS to Regulate Stomatal Opening. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:220-223. [PMID: 31932167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) function in guard cell signaling has been demonstrated, the control of ROS homeostasis remains elusive. Recent findings point to multiple mechanisms controlling ROS levels in guard cells. These mechanisms require secondary metabolism and autophagy, providing the guard cells with a degree of plasticity during stomatal movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Jessica A S Barros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Yu S, Kakar KU, Yang Z, Nawaz Z, Lin S, Guo Y, Ren XL, Baloch AA, Han D. Systematic study of the stress-responsive Rboh gene family in Nicotiana tabacum: Genome-wide identification, evolution and role in disease resistance. Genomics 2020; 112:1404-1418. [PMID: 31430516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene family encodes the key enzymatic subunits of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production pathways, and play crucial role in plant signaling, development and stress responses. In present work, twenty genes were identified in Nicotiana tabacum Rboh family (NtabRboh) and classified into four phylogenetic groups (I-IV). Fourteen NtabRboh genes were positioned on ten chromosomes (i.e., Ch1, 2, 4, 7-11, 14 and 21), and six scaffolds. Synteny and evolutionary analysis showed that most of the NtabRboh genes have evolved from the genomes of the ancestor species (N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris), which afterwards expanded through duplication events. The promoter regions of the NtabRboh genes contained numerous cis-acting regulatory elements for hormones, plant growth, and different biotic and abiotic factors. The NtabRbohF gene transcript comprised target sites for wounding and stress responsive microRNAs: nta-miR166a-d, g and h. The transcript abundance of NtabRboh genes in different tissues reflected their important for plant growth and organ development in tobacco. RT-qPCR-assays demonstrated that the expression of NtabRboh genes are regulated by viral and bacterial pathogens, drought, cold and cadmium stress. The expression levels NtabRbohA, B and C were significantly up-regulated in "black shank and tobacco mosaic virus-inoculated susceptible and transgenic tobacco cultivars, showing that these genes play important roles in disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizhou Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kaleem Ullah Kakar
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
| | - Zhixiao Yang
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Zarqa Nawaz
- Department of Botany, University of Central Punjab, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Shifeng Lin
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xue-Liang Ren
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Akram Ali Baloch
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of Information Technology and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan.
| | - Dejun Han
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
An Y, Xiong L, Hu S, Wang L. PP2A and microtubules function in 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated H 2 O 2 signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:709-724. [PMID: 31381165 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a plant growth regulator with great application potential in agriculture and horticulture, induces stomatal opening and inhibits stomatal closure by decreasing guard cell H2 O2 . However, the mechanisms behind ALA-decreased H2 O2 in guard cells are not fully understood. Here, using type 2A protein phosphatase (PP2A) inhibitors, microtubule-stabilizing/disrupting drugs and green fluorescent protein-tagged α-tubulin 6 transgenic Arabidopsis (GFP-TUA6), we find that PP2A and cortical microtubules (MTs) are involved in ALA-regulated stomatal movement. Then, we analyze stomatal responses of Arabidopsis overexpressing C2 catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-C2) and pp2a-c2 mutant to ALA and abscisic acid (ABA) under both light and dark conditions, and show that PP2A-C2 participates in ALA-induced stomatal movement. Furthermore, using pharmacological methods and confocal studies, we reveal that PP2A and MTs function upstream and downstream, respectively, of H2 O2 in guard cell signaling. Finally, we demonstrate the role of H2 O2 -mediated microtubule arrangement in ALA inhibiting ABA-induced stomatal closure. Our findings indicate that MTs regulated by PP2A-mediated H2 O2 decreasing play an important role in ALA guard cell signaling, revealing new insights into stomatal movement regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lijun Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shu Hu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Arruebarrena Di Palma A, Di Fino LM, Salvatore SR, D'Ambrosio JM, García-Mata C, Schopfer FJ, Laxalt AM. Nitro-oleic acid triggers ROS production via NADPH oxidase activation in plants: A pharmacological approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153128. [PMID: 32065921 PMCID: PMC7153499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are important signaling molecules in mammals. NO2-FAs are formed by the addition reaction of nitric oxide- and nitrite-derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acid double bonds. The study of NO2-FAs in plant systems constitutes an interesting and emerging area. The presence of NO2-FA has been reported in olives, peas, rice and Arabidopsis. To gain a better understanding of the role of NO2-FA on plant physiology, we analyzed the effects of exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). In tomato cell suspensions we found that NO2-OA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner via activation of NADPH oxidases, a mechanism that requires calcium entry from the extracellular compartment and protein kinase activation. In tomato and Arabidopsis leaves, NO2-OA treatments induced two waves of ROS production, resembling plant defense responses. Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase mutants showed that NADPH isoform D (RBOHD) was required for NO2-OA-induced ROS production. In addition, on Arabidopsis isolated epidermis, NO2-OA induced stomatal closure via RBOHD and F. Altogether, these results indicate that NO2-OA triggers NADPH oxidase activation revealing a new signaling role in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arruebarrena Di Palma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Luciano M Di Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Martín D'Ambrosio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Zhu M, Geng S, Chakravorty D, Guan Q, Chen S, Assmann SM. Metabolomics of red-light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana: Coupling with abscisic acid and jasmonic acid metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:1331-1348. [PMID: 31677315 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stimuli-triggered stomatal movement is a key physiological process that regulates CO2 uptake and water loss in plants. Stomata are defined by pairs of guard cells that perceive and transduce external signals, leading to cellular volume changes and consequent stomatal aperture change. Within the visible light spectrum, red light induces stomatal opening in intact leaves. However, there has been debate regarding the extent to which red-light-induced stomatal opening arises from direct guard cell sensing of red light versus indirect responses as a result of red light influences on mesophyll photosynthesis. Here we identify conditions that result in red-light-stimulated stomatal opening in isolated epidermal peels and enlargement of protoplasts, firmly establishing a direct guard cell response to red light. We then employ metabolomics workflows utilizing gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for metabolite profiling and identification of Arabidopsis guard cell metabolic signatures in response to red light in the absence of the mesophyll. We quantified 223 metabolites in Arabidopsis guard cells, with 104 found to be red light responsive. These red-light-modulated metabolites participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, carbon balance, phytohormone biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. We next analyzed selected Arabidopsis mutants, and discovered that stomatal opening response to red light is correlated with a decrease in guard cell abscisic acid content and an increase in jasmonic acid content. The red-light-modulated guard cell metabolome reported here provides fundamental information concerning autonomous red light signaling pathways in guard cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sisi Geng
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - David Chakravorty
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sixue Chen
- The Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Sarah M Assmann
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Lohani N, Jain D, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Engineering Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Canola, Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:3. [PMID: 32161602 PMCID: PMC7052498 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of climate change like global warming, drought, flooding, and other extreme events are posing severe challenges to global crop production. Contribution of Brassica napus towards the oilseed industry makes it an essential component of international trade and agroeconomics. Consequences from increasing occurrences of multiple abiotic stresses on this crop are leading to agroeconomic losses making it vital to endow B. napus crop with an ability to survive and maintain yield when faced with simultaneous exposure to multiple abiotic stresses. For an improved understanding of the stress sensing machinery, there is a need for analyzing regulatory pathways of multiple stress-responsive genes and other regulatory elements such as non-coding RNAs. However, our understanding of these pathways and their interactions in B. napus is far from complete. This review outlines the current knowledge of stress-responsive genes and their role in imparting multiple stress tolerance in B. napus. Analysis of network cross-talk through omics data mining is now making it possible to unravel the underlying complexity required for stress sensing and signaling in plants. Novel biotechnological approaches such as transgene-free genome editing and utilization of nanoparticles as gene delivery tools are also discussed. These can contribute to providing solutions for developing climate change resilient B. napus varieties with reduced regulatory limitations. The potential ability of synthetic biology to engineer and modify networks through fine-tuning of stress regulatory elements for plant responses to stress adaption is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Laterals take it better - Emerging and young lateral roots survive lethal salinity longer than the primary root in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3291. [PMID: 32094490 PMCID: PMC7040039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant responses to salinity have been extensively studied over the last decades. Despite the vast accumulated knowledge, the ways Arabidopsis lateral roots (LR) cope with lethal salinity has not been fully resolved. Here we compared the primary root (PR) and the LR responses during events leading to lethal salinity (NaCl 200 mM) in Arabidopsis. We found that the PR and young LR responded differently to lethal salinity: While the PR died, emerging and young LR’s remained strikingly viable. Moreover, “age acquired salt tolerance” (AAST) was observed in the PR. During the 2 days after germination (DAG) the PR was highly sensitive, but at 8 DAG there was a significant increase in the PR cell survival. Nevertheless, the young LR exhibited an opposite pattern and completely lost its salinity tolerance, as it elongated beyond 400 µm. Examination of several cell death signatures investigated in the young LR showed no signs of an active programmed cell death (PCD) during lethal salinity. However, Autophagic PCD (A-PCD) but not apoptosis-like PCD (AL-PCD) was found to be activated in the PR during the high salinity conditions. We further found that salinity induced NADPH oxidase activated ROS, which were more highly distributed in the young LR compared to the PR, is required for the improved viability of the LR during lethal salinity conditions. Our data demonstrated a position-dependent resistance of Arabidopsis young LR to high salinity. This response can lead to identification of novel salt stress coping mechanisms needed by agriculture during the soil salinization challenge.
Collapse
|
247
|
Wu F, Chi Y, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Xie L, Huang F, Wan D, Ni J, Yuan F, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Ye R, Byeon B, Wang W, Zhang S, Sima M, Chen S, Zhu M, Pei J, Johnson DM, Zhu S, Cao X, Pei C, Zai Z, Liu Y, Liu T, Swift GB, Zhang W, Yu M, Hu Z, Siedow JN, Chen X, Pei ZM. Hydrogen peroxide sensor HPCA1 is an LRR receptor kinase in Arabidopsis. Nature 2020; 578:577-581. [PMID: 32076270 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major reactive oxygen species in unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is produced extracellularly in response to external stresses and internal cues1-4. H2O2 enters cells through aquaporin membrane proteins and covalently modifies cytoplasmic proteins to regulate signalling and cellular processes. However, whether sensors for H2O2 also exist on the cell surface remains unknown. In plant cells, H2O2 triggers an influx of Ca2+ ions, which is thought to be involved in H2O2 sensing and signalling. Here, by using forward genetic screens based on Ca2+ imaging, we isolated hydrogen-peroxide-induced Ca2+ increases (hpca) mutants in Arabidopsis, and identified HPCA1 as a leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinase belonging to a previously uncharacterized subfamily that features two extra pairs of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain. HPCA1 is localized to the plasma membrane and is activated by H2O2 via covalent modification of extracellular cysteine residues, which leads to autophosphorylation of HPCA1. HPCA1 mediates H2O2-induced activation of Ca2+ channels in guard cells and is required for stomatal closure. Our findings help to identify how the perception of extracellular H2O2 is integrated with responses to various external stresses and internal cues in plants, and have implications for the design of crops with enhanced fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feihua Wu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Feifei Huang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Wan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ni
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rui Ye
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Matthew Sima
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suping Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghua Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Pei
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zijing Zai
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gary B Swift
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhen-Ming Pei
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. .,Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Rui Z, Huali X, Min S, Yang B, Mina N, Yuanyuan Z, Haitao L, Prusky D, Xiaoyan C. Mechanism of Ca 2+-mediated NOX modulated in ROS metabolism induced by T-2 toxin in potato tuber. Food Chem 2020; 317:126416. [PMID: 32087519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin at low concentrations can induce ROS accumulation and modulate host resistance in plants. NOX plays crucial roles in ROS production and is regulated by Ca2+via direct binding to EF-hand motifs. In this study, the effect of EGTA (Ca2+ chelating agent) on the expression and enzymatic activity of NOX, as well as the activities and corresponding gene expressions involved in ROS metabolism and cell membrane integrity, were investigated in treated slices. Results indicated that EGTA treatment significantly affected gene expression and activity of NOX, and reduced ROS accumulation and cell membrane integrity and the enzymatic activities and gene expression involved in ROS metabolism when exposed to treatment. The addition of exogenous Ca2+ restored the initial relative transcript abundance, ROS accumulation and their activities. Results suggest that Ca2+ affected by EGTA plays a crucial role in NOX activity regulation, ultimately affecting ROS metabolism in slices induced by T-2 toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Rui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xue Huali
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Si Min
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Bi Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Nan Mina
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zong Yuanyuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Long Haitao
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Dov Prusky
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Cheng Xiaoyan
- College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Hu CH, Wang PQ, Zhang PP, Nie XM, Li BB, Tai L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Chen KM. NADPH Oxidases: The Vital Performers and Center Hubs during Plant Growth and Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E437. [PMID: 32069961 PMCID: PMC7072856 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has addressed ROS signaling in plant development regulation and stress responses as well as on the enzyme's structure, evolution, function, regulation and associated mechanisms, manifesting the role of NOXs/RBOHs as the vital performers and center hubs during plant growth and signaling. This review focuses on recent advances of NOXs/RBOHs on cell growth, hormone interaction, calcium signaling, abiotic stress responses, and immunity. Several primary particles, including Ca2+, CDPKs, BIK1, ROPs/RACs, CERK, FER, ANX, SnRK and SIK1-mediated regulatory mechanisms, are fully summarized to illustrate the signaling behavior of NOXs/RBOHs and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalks. Diverse expression and activation regulation models endow NOXs/RBOHs powerful and versatile functions in plants to maintain innate immune homeostasis and development integrity. NOXs/RBOHs and their related regulatory items are the ideal targets for crop improvement in both yield and quality during agricultural practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China
| | - Peng-Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
An Arabidopsis Mutant Over-Expressing Subtilase SBT4.13 Uncovers the Role of Oxidative Stress in the Inhibition of Growth by Intracellular Acidification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031173. [PMID: 32050714 PMCID: PMC7037345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular acid stress inhibits plant growth by unknown mechanisms and it occurs in acidic soils and as consequence of other stresses. In order to identify mechanisms of acid toxicity, we screened activation-tagging lines of Arabidopsis thaliana for tolerance to intracellular acidification induced by organic acids. A dominant mutant, sbt4.13-1D, was isolated twice and shown to over-express subtilase SBT4.13, a protease secreted into endoplasmic reticulum. Activity measurements and immuno-detection indicate that the mutant contains less plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) than wild type, explaining the small size, electrical depolarization and decreased cytosolic pH of the mutant but not organic acid tolerance. Addition of acetic acid to wild-type plantlets induces production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) measured by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Acid-induced ROS production is greatly decreased in sbt4.13-1D and atrboh-D,F mutants. The latter is deficient in two major NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and is tolerant to organic acids. These results suggest that intracellular acidification activates NOXs and the resulting oxidative stress is important for inhibition of growth. The inhibition of acid-activated NOXs in the sbt4.13-1D mutant compensates inhibition of PMA to increase acid tolerance.
Collapse
|