201
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Chen X, Lin Y, Dang K, Puschner B. Quantification of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Commercial Cows' Milk from California by Gas Chromatography-Triple Quadruple Mass Spectrometry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170129. [PMID: 28085917 PMCID: PMC5234792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined 12 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 19 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners in eight different brands of commercial whole milk (WM) and fat free milk (FFM) produced and distributed in California. Congeners were extracted using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method, purified by gel permeation chromatography, and quantified using gas chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry. PBDEs and PCBs were detected in all FFM and WM samples. The most prevalent PBDE congeners in WM were BDE-47 (geometric mean: 18.0 pg/mL, 0.51 ng/g lipid), BDE-99 (geometric mean: 9.9 pg/mL, 0.28 ng/g lipid), and BDE-49 (geometric mean: 6.0 pg/mL, 0.17 ng/g lipid). The dominant PCB congeners in WM were PCB-101(geometric mean: 23.6 pg/mL, 0.67 ng/g lipid), PCB-118 (geometric mean: 25.2 pg/mL, 0.72 ng/g lipid), and PCB-138 (geometric mean: 25.3 pg/mL, 0.72 ng/g lipid). The sum of all 19 PCB congeners in FFM and WM were several orders of magnitude below the U.S. FDA tolerance. The sum of PBDEs in milk samples suggest close proximity to industrial emissions, and confirm previous findings of elevated PBDE levels in California compared to other regions in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine Dang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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202
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Choi YJ, Ha KH, Kim DJ. Exposure to bisphenol A is directly associated with inflammation in healthy Korean adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:284-290. [PMID: 27714659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It was recently discovered that bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates are cardiovascular disruptors. Inflammation is central to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study evaluated whether BPA and different phthalate metabolites are associated with the inflammation marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in healthy Korean adults. This research is part of an ongoing, population-based study of Korean adults (30-64 years of age) conducted at the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC). The study enrolled 200 healthy volunteers (96 men, 104 women). Plasma hs-CRP was measured as an inflammation marker. BPA and five phthalate metabolites in urine were analyzed by using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. BPA and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) differed significantly between the low-hs-CRP (<2 mg/L) and high-hs-CRP (≥2 mg/L) groups. BPA and MBzP were related to hs-CRP in an inverted L-shaped manner. High BPA levels (≥75th percentile) had significant odd ratios (ORs) for high hs-CRP even after adjusting for confounding factors related to obesity and insulin resistance, such as visceral fat volume, body mass index (BMI), adiponectin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (OR = 2.85; 95 % CI, 1.16-6.97). However, there was no significant association for MBzP ≥75th percentile. BPA was significantly related to high hs-CRP, even after adjusting for factors related to obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, BPA could have a direct relationship with systemic inflammation regardless of obesity or insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Ha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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203
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Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:1720-1739. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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204
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P. Ivleva
- Institut für Wasserchemie und Chemische Balneologie, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität München; Deutschland
| | - Alexandra C. Wiesheu
- Institut für Wasserchemie und Chemische Balneologie, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität München; Deutschland
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Institut für Wasserchemie und Chemische Balneologie, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie; Technische Universität München; Deutschland
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205
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Mansur A, Israel A, Combelles CMH, Adir M, Racowsky C, Hauser R, Baccarelli AA, Machtinger R. Bisphenol-A exposure and gene expression in human luteinized membrana granulosa cells in vitro. Hum Reprod 2016; 32:409-417. [PMID: 27979917 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does bisphenol-A (BPA) affect gene expression in human membrana granulosa cells (MGC)? SUMMARY ANSWER In vitro, short exposure to supra-physiological concentrations of BPA alters human MGC gene expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Exposure to BPA may interfere with reproductive endocrine signaling. In vitro studies, mostly in animal models, have shown an inverse correlation between exposure to BPA and follicular growth, meiosis, and steroid hormone production in granulosa cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary cultures of MGC obtained from 24 patients undergoing IVF (for PGD, male factor infertility or unexplained infertility) were exposed to various concentrations of BPA (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 or 20 µg/ml) for 48 h. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital. Microarray analysis was used to identify genes exhibiting expression changes following BPA exposure. Genes significantly altered were identified based on changes greater than 2-fold relative to the control group (not treated by BPA) and a Student's t-test P-value <0.05. Statistical significance was adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Alterations in the expression of genes that are involved in the enriched functional annotations altered by BPA at the concentration of 20 µg/ml were confirmed by real-time PCR. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A distinct pattern of gene expression was observed in primary cultures of MGC exposed to the highest BPA concentration compared with untreated cells. We identified 652 genes that exhibited at least 2-fold differences in expression after BPA exposure (all P < 0.05 versus untreated). These genes were significantly enriched for annotations related to cell cycle progression, segregation of chromosomes, steroid metabolism, apoptosis, lipid synthesis, oocyte maturation and chromosomal alignment. No significant changes in gene expression were found at the lower doses of BPA most relevant to human exposure. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Human exposure to BPA in vivo occurs over long periods of time. In this in vitro model, cells were exposed to the chemical for 48 h only. Thus, the effects of BPA on the human follicle might be underestimated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS As BPA exposure is ubiquitous, understanding the effects of the chemical on the ovary, specifically in women of reproductive age, has public health significance. The clinical evidence to date points to an association between BPA exposure and impaired IVF outcome, although not all studies have shown negative effects. Our study adds valuable mechanistic information showing that exposure to BPA alters granulosa cell gene expression at high and supra-physiological doses. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grant number 1936/12 from the ISF. The authors have nothing to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Mansur
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer 52561, Israel
| | - Ariel Israel
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer 52561, Israel.,Department of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Michal Adir
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer 52561, Israel
| | - Catherine Racowsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronit Machtinger
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer 52561, Israel
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206
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Wójcik-Fudalewska D, Normant-Saremba M, Anastácio P. Occurrence of plastic debris in the stomach of the invasive crab Eriocheir sinensis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:306-311. [PMID: 27717574 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab is known as a pest causing damage to fishing gears and fish. On the other hand, this highly invasive species is considered a delicacy by Asian migrants and therefore commercially fished and sold in many countries. The ingestion of plastic by the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis from the Baltic coastal waters (Poland) and the Tagus Estuary (Portugal) was studied based on stomach content analysis. As many as 13% of the 302 analysed males and females (38.07-89.07mm carapace width) from both regions, contained microplastic in the form of strands and balls. Most of them were transparent. Ingested plastic particles were identified as fragments of fishing gears. Contamination with plastic may have a negative impact on this species as well as on higher trophic levels feeding on crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wójcik-Fudalewska
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Monika Normant-Saremba
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Pedro Anastácio
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Landscape, Environment and Planning, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
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207
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Wiewel BV, Lamoree M. Geotextile composition, application and ecotoxicology-A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:640-655. [PMID: 27283344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Geosynthetics is the umbrella term for thin, flexible material sheets applied in civil and environmental engineering, of which geotextiles form the largest group. Most geotextiles consist of a polymer from the polyolefin, polyester or polyamide family, and additives to improve their stability. The polymer may degrade into microplastic particles over time and under various conditions and can cause adverse effects, as species may ingest these particles or encounter adverse effects due to the interference of the particles with e.g. their photosynthesis system in the case of algae. Leaching of additives may occur from the intact material, as they are often not covalently bound to the polymer backbone, but is greatly enhanced when micro-sized plastic particles have been formed. A total of 42 polymer additives were identified, of which 26 had ecotoxicity information available in terms of a REACH persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation (PBT) assessment. Of these, 15 were classified as (very) persistent and 2 as toxic. A survey to assess potential toxicity of the remaining 16 substances revealed that no ecotoxicity studies had been performed on 13 of these compounds. For 3 compounds, other toxicity data was found, as well as of several chemical groups known to be used as additives in geotextiles. The current knowledge is thus lacking in two domains: on the one hand, ecotoxicity data is scarce as many substances have not yet been the subject of ecotoxicological studies. On the other hand, in situ toxic effects might be missed by the current approach of single compound toxicity testing. Moreover, environmental occurrence data of the additives are extremely scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vé Wiewel
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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208
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Mertens B, Van Hoeck E, Blaude MN, Simon C, Onghena M, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Demaegdt H, Vandermeiren K, Covaci A, Scippo ML, Elskens M, Van Loco J. Evaluation of the potential health risks of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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209
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Jenardhanan P, Panneerselvam M, Mathur PP. Effect of environmental contaminants on spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:126-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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210
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Li HX, Orihuela B, Zhu M, Rittschof D. Recyclable plastics as substrata for settlement and growth of bryozoans Bugula neritina and barnacles Amphibalanus amphitrite. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:973-980. [PMID: 27569057 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are common and pervasive anthropogenic debris in marine environments. Floating plastics provide opportunities to alter the abundance, distribution and invasion potential of sessile organisms that colonize them. We selected plastics from seven recycle categories and quantified settlement of (i) bryozoans Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758) in the lab and in the field, and of (ii) barnacles Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) in the field. In the laboratory we cultured barnacles on the plastics for 8 weeks and quantified growth, mortality, and breaking strength of the side plates. In the field all recyclable plastics were settlement substrata for bryozoans and barnacles. Settlement depended on the type of plastic. Fewer barnacles settled on plastic surfaces compared to glass. In the lab and in the field, bryozoan settlement was higher on plastics than on glass. In static laboratory rearing, barnacles growing on plastics were initially significantly smaller than on glass. This suggested juvenile barnacles were adversely impacted by materials leaching from the plastics. Barnacle mortality was not significantly different between plastic and glass surfaces, but breaking strength of side plates of barnacles on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polycarbonate (PC) were significantly lower than breakage strength on glass. Plastics impact marine ecosystems directly by providing new surfaces for colonization with fouling organisms and by contaminants shown previously to leach out of plastics and impact biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Beatriz Orihuela
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Mei Zhu
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
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211
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Li WC, Tse HF, Fok L. Plastic waste in the marine environment: A review of sources, occurrence and effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:333-349. [PMID: 27232963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 654] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This review article summarises the sources, occurrence, fate and effects of plastic waste in the marine environment. Due to its resistance to degradation, most plastic debris will persist in the environment for centuries and may be transported far from its source, including great distances out to sea. Land- and ocean-based sources are the major sources of plastic entering the environment, with domestic, industrial and fishing activities being the most important contributors. Ocean gyres are particular hotspots of plastic waste accumulation. Both macroplastics and microplastics pose a risk to organisms in the natural environment, for example, through ingestion or entanglement in the plastic. Many studies have investigated the potential uptake of hydrophobic contaminants, which can then bioaccumulate in the food chain, from plastic waste by organisms. To address the issue of plastic pollution in the marine environment, governments should first play an active role in addressing the issue of plastic waste by introducing legislation to control the sources of plastic debris and the use of plastic additives. In addition, plastics industries should take responsibility for the end-of-life of their products by introducing plastic recycling or upgrading programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong.
| | - H F Tse
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong
| | - L Fok
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Hong Kong
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212
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Zhang T, Shen W, De Felici M, Zhang XF. Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: Adverse effects on folliculogenesis that cannot be neglected. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:579-588. [PMID: 27530864 DOI: 10.1002/em.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Primordial follicle formation and the subsequent transition of follicles through primary and secondary stages constitute crucial events of oogenesis. In particular, in mammals, defects in the processes that precede and accompany the formation of the primordial follicle pool can affect the size of this population significantly, while alterations in follicle activation, growth and maturation can result in premature depletion of the follicle reserve or cause follicle arrest at immature stages. Over the last decade, in vitro and in vivo approaches have been used to provide evidence that exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP), the most widely used plasticizer, has a deleterious effect on various stages of folliculogenesis in rodents. There is growing concern, supported by epidemiological and experimental data, that DEHP may have similar effects in women. This article reviews the evidence, with particular reference to our own findings, that DEHP may actually exert a variety of adverse effects on mammalian folliculogenesis from early to final stages of oogenesis, including altered development of the primordial germ cells, impaired fetal oocyte survival and meiotic progression, reduced oocyte nest breakdown, acceleration of primordial follicle activation, altered follicle steroidogenesis and increased follicle atresia. These effects can cause serious complications for reproductive and nonreproductive women's health. In addition, emerging data indicate that phthalates, including DEHP, may cause subtle epigenetic changes in germ cells that can be transmitted to subsequent generations, with potential negative effects on human health. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:589-604, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Rome, 00133, Italy.
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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213
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Nonylphenol induces liver toxicity and oxidative stress in rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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214
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Mariana M, Feiteiro J, Verde I, Cairrao E. The effects of phthalates in the cardiovascular and reproductive systems: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:758-776. [PMID: 27424259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Every year millions of tons of plastic are produced around the world and humans are increasingly exposed to them. This constant exposure to plastics has raised some concerns against human health, particularly when it comes to phthalates. These compounds have endocrine-disrupting properties, as they have the ability to bind molecular targets in the body and interfere with hormonal function and quantity. The main use of phthalates is to give flexibility to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers. Phthalates are found in a variety of industrial and consumer products, and as they are not covalently bound to the plastic, phthalates contaminate the environment from which human exposure occurs. Studies in human and animal populations suggest a correlation between phthalate exposure and adverse health outcomes, particularly at the reproductive and cardiovascular systems, however there is much less information about the phthalate toxicity of the later. Thus, the main purpose of this review is to present the studies relating the effects already stated of phthalates on the cardiovascular and reproductive systems, and also present the link between these two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Joana Feiteiro
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ignacio Verde
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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215
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Ruiz-Orejón LF, Sardá R, Ramis-Pujol J. Floating plastic debris in the Central and Western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:136-44. [PMID: 27540696 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In two sea voyages throughout the Mediterranean (2011 and 2013) that repeated the historical travels of Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria (1847-1915), 71 samples of floating plastic debris were obtained with a Manta trawl. Floating plastic was observed in all the sampled sites, with an average weight concentration of 579.3 g dw km(-2) (maximum value of 9298.2 g dw km(-2)) and an average particle concentration of 147,500 items km(-2) (the maximum concentration was 1,164,403 items km(-2)). The plastic size distribution showed microplastics (<5 mm) in all the samples. The most abundant particles had a surface area of approximately 1 mm(2) (the mesh size was 333 μm). The general estimate obtained was a total value of 1455 tons dw of floating plastic in the entire Mediterranean region, with various potential spatial accumulation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Ruiz-Orejón
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Carretera d'Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes-Girona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Sardá
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Carretera d'Accés a la Cala St. Francesc, 14, 17300 Blanes-Girona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramis-Pujol
- ESADE Business School, Edifici 1. Universitat Ramon Llull, Av. Pedralbes, 60-62, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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216
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Kazemi S, Bahramifar N, Moghadamnia AA, Jorsarae SGA. Detection of Bisphenol A and Nonylphenol in Rat's Blood Serum, Tissue and Impact on Reproductive System. Electron Physician 2016; 8:2772-2780. [PMID: 27757188 PMCID: PMC5053459 DOI: 10.19082/2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bisphenol A (BPA) and Nonylphenol (NP) have estrogen-like activity, and some of their adverse biological effects have been demonstrated. This study was designed to determine the association of plasma and tissue concentrations of BPA and NP and changes in the parameters of the reproductive system in rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were administered three doses of BPA and NP (5, 25, and 125 μg/kg) by gavage for 35 consecutive days in 2014–2015, and a 2-ml blood sample was taken from each treated rat. Concentrations of BPA and NP in the blood were determined using the HPLC-fluorescence detection method. The sperm are produced in the epididymis and vas deferens, and they swim up in Ham’s F10 solution, and, then, various parameters were evaluated using an invert microscope, and they included the count, motility, and morphology of the sperm. Results The weight of the testes and prostate in the rats receiving BPA and NP treatment showed significant decreases compared to the control group. Similarly, NP created higher concentration than BPA in the serum (e.g., 5.48 ± 0.65 vs. 1.36 ± 0.25, at 125 μg/kg). Compared to the control group, dose-dependent significant decreases in count and motility in the sperm were observed following the administration of BPA (25 and 125 μg/kg) and NP (all three doses). Morphologic aspects of the rats’ sperm were changed in various doses of BPA and NP Conclusions According to our findings, BPA and NP induced dose-dependent toxic effects on various parameters, i.e., sperm toxicity, weight of the testes, and weight of the prostate gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nader Bahramifar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Gholam Ali Jorsarae
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Bellas J, Martínez-Armental J, Martínez-Cámara A, Besada V, Martínez-Gómez C. Ingestion of microplastics by demersal fish from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:55-60. [PMID: 27289284 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has received increased attention over the last few years. This study documents microplastic ingestion in three commercially relevant demersal fish species from the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, the European hake Merluccius merluccius and the red mullet Mullus barbatus. Overall 212 fish were examined, 72 dogfish, 12 hakes and 128 red mullets. The percentage of fish with microplastics was 17.5% (15.3% dogfish, 18.8% red mullets and 16.7% hakes), averaging 1.56±0.5 items per fish, and the size of the microplastics ranged from 0.38 to 3.1mm. These fish species are used currently as biomonitors for marine pollution monitoring within the Spanish Marine Pollution Monitoring Programme (SMP), and may be as well suitable candidates for monitoring spatial and temporal trends of ingested litter. The data presented here represent a baseline for the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive descriptor 10 in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Martínez-Armental
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ariana Martínez-Cámara
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO,Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
| | - Victoria Besada
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO,Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain
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218
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Chen Y, Cui X, Wu P, Jiang Z, Jiao L, Hu Q, Eremin SA, Zhao S. Development of a Homologous Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Diisobutyl Phthalate in Romaine Lettuce. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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219
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Yaghjyan L, Ghita GL, Dumont-Driscoll M, Yost RA, Chang SH. Maternal exposure to di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and adverse delivery outcomes: A systematic review. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:76-86. [PMID: 27412369 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery, short gestational age, and abnormal birth weight, remain a public health concern. The evidence on the association of the most common phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) with adverse pregnancy outcomes remains equivocal. This systematic review summarizes published studies that investigated the association of DEHP with preterm delivery, gestational age, and birthweight. A comprehensive literature search found 15 relevant studies, most of which evaluated more than one outcome (four studies for preterm delivery, nine studies for gestational age, and ten studies for birthweight). Studies varied greatly with respect to study design, exposure assessment, analytical methods, and direction of the associations. We identified important methodological concerns which could have resulted in selection bias and exposure misclassification and contributed to null findings and biased associations. Given limitations of the previous studies discussed in this review, more thorough investigation of these associations is warranted to advance our scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Yaghjyan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Gabriela L Ghita
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Marilyn Dumont-Driscoll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, 1699 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Richard A Yost
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 125 Buckman Dr., Gainesville FL 32611, USA.
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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220
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Liu L, Fokkink R, Koelmans AA. Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to polystyrene nanoplastic. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1650-5. [PMID: 26588181 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic has become an emerging contaminant of global concern. Bulk plastic can degrade to form smaller particles down to the nanoscale (<100 nm), which are referred to as nanoplastics. Because of their high surface area, nanoplastic may bind hydrophobic chemicals very effectively, increasing their hazard when such nanoplastics are taken up by biota. The present study reports distribution coefficients for sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to 70 nm polystyrene in freshwater, and PAH adsorption isotherms spanning environmentally realistic aqueous concentrations of 10(-5) μg/L to 1 μg/L. Nanopolystyrene aggregate state was assessed using dynamic light scattering. The adsorption isotherms were nonlinear, and the distribution coefficients at the lower ends of the isotherms were very high, with values up to 10(9) L/kg. The high and nonlinear sorption was explained from π-π interactions between the planar PAHs and the surface of the aromatic polymer polystyrene and was higher than for micrometer-sized polystyrene. Reduction of nanopolystyrene aggregate sizes had no significant effect on sorption, which suggests that the PAHs could reach the sorption sites on the pristine nanoparticles regardless of the aggregation state. Pre-extraction of the nanopolystyrene with C18 polydimethylsiloxane decreased sorption of PAHs, which could be explained by removal of the most hydrophobic fraction of the nanopolystyrene. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1650-1655. © 2015 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Liu
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Fokkink
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen UR, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
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221
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Tai X, Chen Y. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations positively associated with glycated hemoglobin and other indicators of diabetes in Canadian men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:172-178. [PMID: 26890259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), may pose a risk to human health, including diabetes. However, epidemiological studies from the U.S., China and South Korea showed inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between BPA and indicators of diabetes in the general Canadian population. METHODS The analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 2 (2009-2011). We included 1915 participants with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement and 2405 participants with serum glucose (SG) measurement aged 3-79 years, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to model HbA1c and log-transformed SG levels associated with quartiles of urinary BPA concentrations controlling for potential confounders. Further, in adults (age≥18 years), logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between BPA and physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM). Bootstrap weights were applied to all the analyses to account for the complex survey design. RESULTS The geometric mean of urinary BPA was 1.21 (±0.05)µg/L. Overall, a positive association was observed between urinary BPA quartiles and HbA1c levels in men after controlling for potential confounders (P<0.05), but not in women and children. Similar patterns were found for the associations of BPA with log-transformed SG levels and doctor-diagnosed DM. CONCLUSIONS Higher urinary BPA levels were associated with adverse glucose homeostasis in Canadian men, independent of major covariates. Prospective studies with longitudinal design are needed to further investigate the causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Tai
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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222
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Zhang S, Ma J, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Cao J, Huang L, Li W, Xu P, Cao X. Promotion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate through matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 overexpression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9742-9749. [PMID: 26850096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an estrogenic chemical that is widely used in polyvinyl products. We aimed to determine the mechanisms behind the effects of DEHP on ERα-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion and matrix metalloproteinases-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) up-regulation in this study. Transwell assay indicated that DEHP exposure (>50 μg/ml) significantly enhanced the invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting revealed that MMP-2/-9 is overexpressed in mRNA and protein levels after DEHP treatment. Gelatin zymography consistently demonstrated that DEHP exposure also enhances the activity of MMP-2/-9. Immunofluorescence assay showed that DEHP could accelerate NF-kappaB (NF-κB) subunits-p65 translocation into the nucleus, which is confirmed by western blotting assay, suggesting that the ratio of nuclear/cytosolic level of p65 was significantly increased. Furthermore, the invasion and MMP-2/-9 overexpression of MDA-MB-231 cells after DEHP-treated were reversed by the NF-κB chemical inhibitor JSH-23 via drug inhibition assay. This study suggested that DEHP could promote ERα-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion through activating NF-κB and MMP-2/-9 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- Department of Reproductive Health, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lei Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Induction Effect of Bisphenol A on Gene Expression Involving Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Rat. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6298515. [PMID: 27143994 PMCID: PMC4842055 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6298515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an abundantly used xenoestrogenic chemical which may cause various disorders in body. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effects of various doses of BPA on hepatic oxidative stress-related gene expression in rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were used in this study. Three doses of the BPA (5, 25, and 125 μg/kg) in corn oil were administered as gavage during 35 consecutive days. After the experiment, the rats were expired and the livers were removed and stored at −80°C freezer for RNA extraction. Findings. The Real Time PCR showed increased expression of HO-1 in the rats receiving BPA doses compared to the control group. This effect was dose-dependent and higher at doses of 25 and 125 μg/kg than 5 μg/kg of body weight (p < 0.05). It was also demonstrated that various doses BPA can increase GADD45B gene expression compared to control group. That expression was significantly dominant in the lowest dose (5 μg/kg) of the BPA (p < 0.05). The final body weights (168.0 ± 10.0 gr) in the treatment group [BPA (125 μg/kg)] showed a significant decrease compared to control group (191.60 ± 6.50 gr). Conclusion. These findings demonstrate that BPA generated ROS and increased the antioxidant gene expression that causes hepatotoxicity.
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224
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Phuong NN, Zalouk-Vergnoux A, Poirier L, Kamari A, Châtel A, Mouneyrac C, Lagarde F. Is there any consistency between the microplastics found in the field and those used in laboratory experiments? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 211:111-23. [PMID: 26745396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence and persistency of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments are of particular concern since they represent an increasing threat to marine organisms and ecosystems. Great differences of concentrations and/or quantities in field samples have been observed depending on geographical location around the world. The main types reported have been polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. The presence of MPs in marine wildlife has been shown in many studies focusing on ingestion and accumulation in different tissues, whereas studies of the biological effects of MPs in the field are scarce. If the nature and abundance/concentrations of MPs have not been systematically determined in field samples, this is due to the fact that the identification of MPs from environmental samples requires mastery and execution of several steps and techniques. For this reason and due to differences in sampling techniques and sample preparation, it remains difficult to compare the published studies. Most laboratory experiments have been performed with MP concentrations of a higher order of magnitude than those found in the field. Consequently, the ingestion and associated effects observed in exposed organisms have corresponded to great contaminant stress, which does not mimic the natural environment. Medium contaminations are produced with only one type of polymer of a precise sizes and homogenous shape whereas the MPs present in the field are known to be a mix of many types, sizes and shapes of plastic. Moreover, MPs originating in marine environments can be colonized by organisms and constitute the sorption support for many organic compounds present in environment that are not easily reproducible in laboratory. Determination of the mechanical and chemical effects of MPs on organisms is still a challenging area of research. Among the potential chemical effects it is necessary to differentiate those related to polymer properties from those due to the sorption/desorption of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ngoc Phuong
- Laboratoire de Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Aurore Zalouk-Vergnoux
- Laboratoire de Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France.
| | - Laurence Poirier
- Laboratoire de Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Abderrahmane Kamari
- Laboratoire de Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire de Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Laboratoire de Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, Nantes F-44322, France; Université Catholique de l'Ouest, Angers F-49000, France
| | - Fabienne Lagarde
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM, UMR CNRS 6283), Université du Maine, Avenu Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans F-72085, France
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225
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Studies on the interactions of bisphenols with anionic phospholipids of decomposer membranes in model systems. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:756-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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226
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Perinatal exposure to benzyl butyl phthalate induces alterations in neuronal development/maturation protein expression, estrogen responses, and fear conditioning in rodents. Behav Pharmacol 2016; 27:77-82. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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227
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Schuyler QA, Wilcox C, Townsend KA, Wedemeyer-Strombel KR, Balazs G, van Sebille E, Hardesty BD. Risk analysis reveals global hotspots for marine debris ingestion by sea turtles. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:567-76. [PMID: 26365568 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastic marine debris pollution is rapidly becoming one of the critical environmental concerns facing wildlife in the 21st century. Here we present a risk analysis for plastic ingestion by sea turtles on a global scale. We combined global marine plastic distributions based on ocean drifter data with sea turtle habitat maps to predict exposure levels to plastic pollution. Empirical data from necropsies of deceased animals were then utilised to assess the consequence of exposure to plastics. We modelled the risk (probability of debris ingestion) by incorporating exposure to debris and consequence of exposure, and included life history stage, species of sea turtle and date of stranding observation as possible additional explanatory factors. Life history stage is the best predictor of debris ingestion, but the best-fit model also incorporates encounter rates within a limited distance from stranding location, marine debris predictions specific to the date of the stranding study and turtle species. There is no difference in ingestion rates between stranded turtles vs. those caught as bycatch from fishing activity, suggesting that stranded animals are not a biased representation of debris ingestion rates in the background population. Oceanic life-stage sea turtles are at the highest risk of debris ingestion, and olive ridley turtles are the most at-risk species. The regions of highest risk to global sea turtle populations are off of the east coasts of the USA, Australia and South Africa; the east Indian Ocean, and Southeast Asia. Model results can be used to predict the number of sea turtles globally at risk of debris ingestion. Based on currently available data, initial calculations indicate that up to 52% of sea turtles may have ingested debris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamar A Schuyler
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - Chris Wilcox
- Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, Tas., 7000, Australia
| | - Kathy A Townsend
- Moreton Bay Research Station, The University of Queensland, North Stradbroke Island, Qld, 4183, Australia
| | | | - George Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI, 96818, USA
| | - Erik van Sebille
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Grantham Institute & Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Britta Denise Hardesty
- Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart, Tas., 7000, Australia
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228
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Mertens B, Simon C, Van Bossuyt M, Onghena M, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Demaegdt H, Van Hoeck E, Van Loco J, Vandermeiren K, Covaci A, Scippo ML, Elskens M, Verschaeve L. Investigation of the genotoxicity of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles to identify chemicals of high concern. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:126-37. [PMID: 26802677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the worldwide concern that bisphenol A might act as an endocrine disruptor, alternative materials for polycarbonate (PC) have been introduced on the European market. However, PC-replacement products might also release substances of which the toxicological profile--including their genotoxic effects--has not yet been characterized. Because a thorough characterization of the genotoxic profile of all these substances is impossible in the short term, a strategy was developed in order to prioritize those substances for which additional data are urgently needed. The strategy consisted of a decision tree using hazard information related to genotoxicity. The relevant information was obtained from the database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), in silico prediction tools (ToxTree and Derek Nexus(TM)) and the in vitro Vitotox(®) test for detecting DNA damage. By applying the decision tree, substances could be classified into different groups, each characterized by a different probability to induce genotoxic effects. Although none of the investigated substances could be unequivocally identified as genotoxic, the presence of genotoxic effects could neither be excluded for any of them. Consequently, all substances require more data to investigate the genotoxic potential. However, the type and the urge for these data differs among the substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mertens
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Coraline Simon
- Department of Food Science, University of Liège, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium
| | - Melissa Van Bossuyt
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Onghena
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Demaegdt
- CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Els Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vandermeiren
- CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Department of Food Science, University of Liège, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
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229
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Moreira FT, Prantoni AL, Martini B, de Abreu MA, Stoiev SB, Turra A. Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of plastic pellets on sandy beaches: Methodological considerations for estimating the input of microplastics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:114-121. [PMID: 26677755 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics such as pellets have been reported for many years on sandy beaches around the globe. Nevertheless, high variability is observed in their estimates and distribution patterns across the beach environment are still to be unravelled. Here, we investigate the small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of pellets in the intertidal zone of a sandy beach and evaluate factors that can increase the variability in data sets. The abundance of pellets was estimated during twelve consecutive tidal cycles, identifying the position of the high tide between cycles and sampling drift-lines across the intertidal zone. We demonstrate that beach dynamic processes such as the overlap of strandlines and artefacts of the methods can increase the small-scale variability. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the methodological considerations needed to understand the distribution of pellets in the beach environment, with special implications for studies focused on patterns of input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Martini
- Núcleo de Pesquisa de Ciências (NUPESC), Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Michelle Alves de Abreu
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 83255-000, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Biato Stoiev
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 83255-000, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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230
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Suhrhoff TJ, Scholz-Böttcher BM. Qualitative impact of salinity, UV radiation and turbulence on leaching of organic plastic additives from four common plastics - A lab experiment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 102:84-94. [PMID: 26696590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Four common consumer plastic samples (polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinylchloride) were studied to investigate the impact of physical parameters such as turbulence, salinity and UV irradiance on leaching behavior of selected plastic components. Polymers were exposed to two different salinities (i.e. 0 and 35 g/kg), UV radiation and turbulence. Additives (e.g. bisphenol A, phthalates, citrates, and Irgafos® 168 phosphate) and oligomers were detected in initial plastics and aqueous extracts. Identification and quantification was performed by GC-FID/MS. Bisphenol A and citrate based additives are leached easier compared to phthalates. The print highly contributed to the chemical burden of the analyzed polyethylene bag. The study underlines a positive relationship between turbulence and magnitude of leaching. Salinity had a minor impact that differs for each analyte. Global annual release of additives from assessed plastics into marine environments is estimated to be between 35 and 917 tons, of which most are derived from plasticized polyvinylchloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jesper Suhrhoff
- Jacobs University Bremen, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Campus Ring 1, D-28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Barbara M Scholz-Böttcher
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, PO Box 2503, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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231
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Bateman ME, Strong AL, McLachlan JA, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:171. [PMID: 28119665 PMCID: PMC5220052 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are prevalent in the environment, and epidemiologic studies have suggested that human exposure is linked to chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In vitro experiments have further demonstrated that EDCs promote changes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), leading to increases in adipogenic differentiation, decreases in osteogenic differentiation, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases in oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes. Studies have also shown alteration in trophic factor production, differentiation ability, and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs, which have significant implications to the current studies exploring MSCs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications and the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Thus, the consideration of the effects of EDCs on MSCs is vital when determining potential therapeutic uses of MSCs, as increased exposure to EDCs may cause MSCs to be less effective therapeutically. This review focuses on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation effects of EDCs as these are most relevant to the therapeutic uses of MSCs in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and inflammatory conditions. This review will highlight the effects of EDCs, including organophosphates, plasticizers, industrial surfactants, coolants, and lubricants, on MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E. Bateman
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amy L. Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John A. McLachlan
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E. Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- *Correspondence: Bruce A. Bunnell,
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232
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Koike E, Yanagisawa R, Takano H. Brominated flame retardants, hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A, affect proinflammatory protein expression in human bronchial epithelial cells via disruption of intracellular signaling. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 32:212-9. [PMID: 26718265 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) are widely used as brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in consumer products. Because humans can be exposed to BFRs mainly through air or dust, the effects of the BFRs on the respiratory system and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. HBCD exposure significantly increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and the production of interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). TBBPA exposure significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6, but not IL-8. HBCD and TBBPA stimulated epidermal growth factor (EGF) production and EGF receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation. Inhibitors of EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase and the subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase effectively blocked the increase in the expression of proinflammatory proteins. The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (p50, p65) and activator protein 1 (c-Jun) was also observed following HBCD exposure. Furthermore, the modulation for nuclear receptors was investigated. TBBPA but not HBCD showed ligand activity for thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and TR antagonist significantly suppressed the TBBPA-induced increase of the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6. In conclusion, HBCD and TBBPA can disrupt the expression of proinflammatory proteins in bronchial epithelial cells, possibly via the modulation of EGFR-related pathways and/or nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Koike
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Rie Yanagisawa
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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233
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Benjamin S, Pradeep S, Josh MS, Kumar S, Masai E. A monograph on the remediation of hazardous phthalates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 298:58-72. [PMID: 26004054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates or phthalic acid esters are a group of xenobiotic and hazardous compounds blended in plastics to enhance their plasticity and versatility. Enormous quantities of phthalates are produced globally for the production of plastic goods, whose disposal and leaching out into the surroundings cause serious concerns to the environment, biota and human health. Though in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, pre-clinical animal and clinical human studies showed endocrine disruption, hepatotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic properties, usage of phthalates continues due to their cuteness, attractive chemical properties, low production cost and lack of suitable alternatives. Studies revealed that microbes isolated from phthalate-contaminated environmental niches efficiently bioremediate various phthalates. Based upon this background, this review addresses the enumeration of major phthalates used in industry, routes of environmental contamination, evidences for health hazards, routes for in situ and ex situ microbial degradation, bacterial pathways involved in the degradation, major enzymes involved in the degradation process, half-lives of phthalates in environments, etc. Briefly, this handy module would enable the readers, environmentalists and policy makers to understand the impact of phthalates on the environment and the biota, coupled with the concerted microbial efforts to alleviate the burden of ever increasing load posed by phthalates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Selvanesan Pradeep
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - Moolakkariyil Sarath Josh
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR-NEERI Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2137, Japan
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234
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Threat of plastic pollution to seabirds is global, pervasive, and increasing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11899-904. [PMID: 26324886 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution in the ocean is a global concern; concentrations reach 580,000 pieces per km(2) and production is increasing exponentially. Although a large number of empirical studies provide emerging evidence of impacts to wildlife, there has been little systematic assessment of risk. We performed a spatial risk analysis using predicted debris distributions and ranges for 186 seabird species to model debris exposure. We adjusted the model using published data on plastic ingestion by seabirds. Eighty of 135 (59%) species with studies reported in the literature between 1962 and 2012 had ingested plastic, and, within those studies, on average 29% of individuals had plastic in their gut. Standardizing the data for time and species, we estimate the ingestion rate would reach 90% of individuals if these studies were conducted today. Using these results from the literature, we tuned our risk model and were able to capture 71% of the variation in plastic ingestion based on a model including exposure, time, study method, and body size. We used this tuned model to predict risk across seabird species at the global scale. The highest area of expected impact occurs at the Southern Ocean boundary in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, which contrasts with previous work identifying this area as having low anthropogenic pressures and concentrations of marine debris. We predict that plastics ingestion is increasing in seabirds, that it will reach 99% of all species by 2050, and that effective waste management can reduce this threat.
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235
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Bouwmeester H, Hollman PCH, Peters RJB. Potential Health Impact of Environmentally Released Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Food Production Chain: Experiences from Nanotoxicology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:8932-47. [PMID: 26130306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of plastic debris have been observed in the oceans. Much of the recent concern has focused on microplastics in the marine environment. Recent studies of the size distribution of the plastic debris suggested that continued fragmenting of microplastics into nanosized particles may occur. In this review we assess the current literature on the occurrence of environmentally released micro- and nanoplastics in the human food production chain and their potential health impact. The currently used analytical techniques introduce a great bias in the knowledge, since they are only able to detect plastic particles well above the nanorange. We discuss the potential use of the very sensitive analytical techniques that have been developed for the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles. We recognize three possible toxic effects of plastic particles: first due to the plastic particles themselves, second to the release of persistent organic pollutant adsorbed to the plastics, and third to the leaching of additives of the plastics. The limited data on microplastics in foods do not predict adverse effect of these pollutants or additives. Potential toxic effects of microplastic particles will be confined to the gut. The potential human toxicity of nanoplastics is poorly studied. Based on our experiences in nanotoxicology we prioritized future research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Bouwmeester
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 230, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C H Hollman
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 230, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- RIKILT Wageningen University and Research Center, P.O. Box 230, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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236
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Mathieu-Denoncourt J, Wallace SJ, de Solla SR, Langlois VS. Plasticizer endocrine disruption: Highlighting developmental and reproductive effects in mammals and non-mammalian aquatic species. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 219:74-88. [PMID: 25448254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to their versatility, robustness, and low production costs, plastics are used in a wide variety of applications. Plasticizers are mixed with polymers to increase flexibility of plastics. However, plasticizers are not covalently bound to plastics, and thus leach from products into the environment. Several studies have reported that two common plasticizers, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, induce adverse health effects in vertebrates; however few studies have addressed their toxicity to non-mammalian species. The aim of this review is to compare the effects of plasticizers in animals, with a focus on aquatic species. In summary, we identified three main chains of events that occur in animals exposed to BPA and phthalates. Firstly, plasticizers affect development by altering both the thyroid hormone and growth hormone axes. Secondly, these chemicals interfere with reproduction by decreasing cholesterol transport through the mitochondrial membrane, leading to reduced steroidogenesis. Lastly, exposure to plasticizers leads to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the increase of fatty acid oxidation, and the reduction in the ability to cope with the augmented oxidative stress leading to reproductive organ malformations, reproductive defects, and decreased fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Mathieu-Denoncourt
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wallace
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
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237
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Organic Compounds Detected in Deciduous Teeth: A Replication Study from Children with Autism in Two Samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 2015:862414. [PMID: 26290670 PMCID: PMC4531189 DOI: 10.1155/2015/862414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological samples are an important part of investigating toxic exposures and disease outcomes. However, blood, urine, saliva, or hair can only reflect relatively recent exposures. Alternatively, deciduous teeth have served as a biomarker of early developmental exposure to heavy metals, but little has been done to assess organic toxic exposures such as pesticides, plastics, or medications. The purpose of our study was to determine if organic chemicals previously detected in a sample of typically developing children could be detected in teeth from a sample of children with autism. Eighty-three deciduous teeth from children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were chosen from our tooth repository. Organic compounds were assessed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography methods. Consistent with a prior report from Camann et al., (2013), we have demonstrated that specific semivolatile organic chemicals relevant to autism etiology can be detected in deciduous teeth. This report provides evidence that teeth can be useful biomarkers of early life exposure for use in epidemiologic case-control studies seeking to identify differential unbiased exposures during development between those with and without specific disorders such as autism.
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238
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Zhang L, Liu J, Liu H, Wan G, Zhang S. The occurrence and ecological risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in urban aquatic environments of China. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:967-84. [PMID: 25847103 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely used in the manufacturing of plastics, and the demand for PAEs has grown rapidly, especially in China. This trend will lead to much more environmental PAE contamination. PAEs are listed as priority substances in the European Union and are therefore subject to ecological risk assessments. This paper reviews the literature concerning the pollution status of PAEs and their ecological risk to aquatic environments. Risk quotients (RQs) based on the predicted no effect concentration and PAE concentrations in aquatic environments demonstrated significant (10 ≤ RQ < 100) or expected (RQ ≥ 100) potential adverse effects for algae, Daphnia, and fish in aquatic environments near PAE-based industrial and urban areas. Thus, the ecological risk of PAEs in Chinese aquatic environments should be considered, especially in areas where commercial plastics are produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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239
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Mannelli C, Szóstek AZ, Lukasik K, Carotenuto C, Ietta F, Romagnoli R, Ferretti C, Paulesu L, Wołczynski S, Skarzynski DJ. Bisphenol A modulates receptivity and secretory function of human decidual cells: an in vitro study. Reproduction 2015; 150:115-25. [PMID: 26021997 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human endometrium is a fertility-determining tissue and a target of steroid hormones' action. Endocrine disruptors (EDs) can exert adverse effects on the physiological function of the decidua at the maternal-fetal interface. We examined the potential effects of an ED, bisphenol A (BPA), on endometrial maturation/decidualization, receptivity, and secretion of decidual factors (biomarkers). In vitro decidualized, endometrial stromal cells from six hysterectomy specimens were treated with 1 pM-1 μM of BPA, for 24 h and assessed for cell viability and proliferation. Three non-toxic concentrations of BPA (1 μM, 1 nM, and 1 pM) were selected to study its influence on secretion of cell decidualization biomarkers (IGF-binding protein and decidual prolactin (dPRL)), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion, and hormone receptors' expression (estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ); progesterone receptors (PRA and PRB); and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)/LH receptor (LH-R)). The results showed a decrease in cell viability (P<0.001) in response to BPA at the level of 1 mM. At the non-toxic concentrations used, BPA perturbed the expression of ERα, ERβ, PRA, PRB, and hCG/LH-R (P<0.05). Furthermore, 1 μM of BPA reduced the mRNA transcription of dPRL (P<0.05). Secretion of MIF was stimulated by all BPA treatments, the lowest concentration (1 pM) being the most effective (P<0.001). The multi-targeted disruption of BPA on decidual cells, at concentrations commonly detected in the human population, raises great concern about the possible consequences of exposure to BPA on the function of decidua and thus its potential deleterious effect on pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mannelli
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Z Szóstek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Claudiopietro Carotenuto
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Cristina Ferretti
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Slawomir Wołczynski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jan Skarzynski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchPolish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Life SciencesUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, Siena 53100, ItalyObstetrics and Gynecology DivisionLocal Health Authority 7, Campostaggia Hospital, Siena, ItalyDepartment of Reproduction and Gynecological EndocrinologyMedical University, Bialystok, Poland
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240
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Eerkes-Medrano D, Thompson RC, Aldridge DC. Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 75:63-82. [PMID: 25746963 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1244] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastic contamination is an increasing environmental problem in marine systems where it has spread globally to even the most remote habitats. Plastic pieces in smaller size scales, microplastics (particles <5 mm), have reached high densities (e.g., 100,000 items per m(3)) in waters and sediments, and are interacting with organisms and the environment in a variety of ways. Early investigations of freshwater systems suggest microplastic presence and interactions are equally as far reaching as are being observed in marine systems. Microplastics are being detected in freshwaters of Europe, North America, and Asia, and the first organismal studies are finding that freshwater fauna across a range of feeding guilds ingest microplastics. Drawing from the marine literature and these initial freshwater studies, we review the issue of microplastics in freshwater systems to summarise current understanding, identify knowledge gaps and suggest future research priorities. Evidence suggests that freshwater systems may share similarities to marine systems in the types of forces that transport microplastics (e.g. surface currents); the prevalence of microplastics (e.g. numerically abundant and ubiquitous); the approaches used for detection, identification and quantification (e.g. density separation, filtration, sieving and infrared spectroscopy); and the potential impacts (e.g. physical damage to organisms that ingest them, chemical transfer of toxicants). Differences between freshwater and marine systems include the closer proximity to point sources in freshwaters, the typically smaller sizes of freshwater systems, and spatial and temporal differences in the mixing/transport of particles by physical forces. These differences between marine and freshwater systems may lead to differences in the type of microplastics present. For example, rivers may show a predictable pattern in microplastic characteristics (size, shape, relative abundance) based on waste sources (e.g. household vs. industrial) adjacent to the river, and distance downstream from a point source. Given that the study of microplastics in freshwaters has only arisen in the last few years, we are still limited in our understanding of 1) their presence and distribution in the environment; 2) their transport pathways and factors that affect distributions; 3) methods for their accurate detection and quantification; 4) the extent and relevance of their impacts on aquatic life. We also do not know how microplastics might transfer from freshwater to terrestrial ecosystems, and we do not know if and how they may affect human health. This is concerning because human populations have a high dependency on freshwaters for drinking water and for food resources. Increasing the level of understanding in these areas is essential if we are to develop appropriate policy and management tools to address this emerging issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Eerkes-Medrano
- Aquatic Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard C Thompson
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre (MBERC), School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - David C Aldridge
- Aquatic Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
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241
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Bowman RE, Luine V, Diaz Weinstein S, Khandaker H, DeWolf S, Frankfurt M. Bisphenol-A exposure during adolescence leads to enduring alterations in cognition and dendritic spine density in adult male and female rats. Horm Behav 2015; 69:89-97. [PMID: 25554518 PMCID: PMC6116732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that adolescent exposure of rats to bisphenol-A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disrupter, increases anxiety, impairs spatial memory, and decreases dendritic spine density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (CA1) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) when measured in adolescents in both sexes. The present study examined whether the behavioral and morphological alterations following BPA exposure during adolescent development are maintained into adulthood. Male and female, adolescent rats received BPA, 40μg/kg/bodyweight, or control treatments for one week. In adulthood, subjects were tested for anxiety and locomotor activity, spatial memory, non-spatial visual memory, and sucrose preference. Additionally, stress-induced serum corticosterone levels and dendritic spine density in the mPFC and CA1 were measured. BPA-treated males, but not females, had decreased arm visits on the elevated plus maze, but there was no effect on anxiety. Non-spatial memory, object recognition, was also decreased in BPA treated males, but not in females. BPA exposure did not alter spatial memory, object placement, but decreased exploration during the tasks in both sexes. No significant group differences in sucrose preference or serum corticosterone levels in response to a stress challenge were found. However, BPA exposure, regardless of sex, significantly decreased spine density of both apical and basal dendrites on pyramidal cells in CA1 but had no effect in the mPFC. Current data are discussed in relation to BPA dependent changes, which were present during adolescence and did, or did not, endure into adulthood. Overall, adolescent BPA exposure, below the current reference safe daily limit set by the U.S.E.P.A., leads to alterations in some behaviors and neuronal morphology that endure into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bowman
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA.
| | - Victoria Luine
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Hameda Khandaker
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah DeWolf
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA
| | - Maya Frankfurt
- Department of Science Education, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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242
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Bittner GD, Denison MS, Yang CZ, Stoner MA, He G. Chemicals having estrogenic activity can be released from some bisphenol A-free, hard and clear, thermoplastic resins. Environ Health 2014; 13:103. [PMID: 25477047 PMCID: PMC4298073 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals that have estrogenic activity (EA) can potentially cause adverse health effects in mammals including humans, sometimes at low doses in fetal through juvenile stages with effects detected in adults. Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastic resins made from bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical that has EA, are now often avoided in products used by babies. Other BPA-free thermoplastic resins, some hypothesized or advertised to be EA-free, are replacing PC resins used to make reusable hard and clear thermoplastic products such as baby bottles. METHODS We used two very sensitive and accurate in vitro assays (MCF-7 and BG1Luc human cell lines) to quantify the EA of chemicals leached into ethanol or water/saline extracts of fourteen unstressed or stressed (autoclaving, microwaving, UV radiation) thermoplastic resins. Estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent agonist responses were confirmed by their inhibition with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780. RESULTS Our data showed that some (4/14) unstressed and stressed BPA-free thermoplastic resins leached chemicals having significant levels of EA, including one polystyrene (PS), and three Tritan™ resins, the latter reportedly EA-free. Exposure to UV radiation in natural sunlight resulted in an increased release of EA from Tritan™ resins. Triphenyl-phosphate (TPP), an additive used to manufacture some thermoplastic resins such as Tritan™, exhibited EA in both MCF-7 and BG1Luc assays. Ten unstressed or stressed glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or copolymer (COC) thermoplastic resins did not release chemicals with detectable EA under any test condition. CONCLUSIONS This hazard survey study assessed the release of chemicals exhibiting EA as detected by two sensitive, widely used and accepted, human cell line in vitro assays. Four PC replacement resins (Tritan™ and PS) released chemicals having EA. However, ten other PC-replacement resins did not leach chemicals having EA (EA-free-resins). These results indicate that PC-replacement plastic products could be made from EA-free resins (if appropriate EA-free additives are chosen) that maintain advantages of re-usable plastic items (price, weight, shatter resistance) without releasing chemicals having EA that potentially produce adverse health effects on current or future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Bittner
- />CertiChem, Inc, 11212 Metric Blvd, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78758 USA
- />Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78758 USA
| | - Michael S Denison
- />Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Chun Z Yang
- />CertiChem, Inc, 11212 Metric Blvd, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78758 USA
| | - Matthew A Stoner
- />CertiChem, Inc, 11212 Metric Blvd, Suite 500, Austin, TX 78758 USA
| | - Guochun He
- />Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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243
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Osimitz TG, Welsh WJ, Ai N, Toole C. Polyester monomers lack ability to bind and activate both androgenic and estrogenic receptors as determined by in vitro and in silico methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:128-38. [PMID: 25455886 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents results from the screening of seven monomers used by Eastman Chemical to make various polymers. Ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, isophthalic acid, monosodium-5-sulfoisophthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and dimethylcyclohexanedicarboxylate were screened for potential androgenicity or estrogenicity. The following studies were conducted: QSAR for binding to the AR and ER, in vitro Androgen Receptor Binding Assay, in vitro Estrogen Receptor Binding Assays (alpha and beta isoforms), in vitro Androgen Receptor Transactivation Assay in human cells, and in vitro Estrogen Receptor Transactivation Assay in human cells. None of the QSAR models predicted that any of the monomers possessed appreciable binding affinity for either AR or ER. Binding assays showed no evidence of interaction with either the AR or the alpha or beta ER receptors. Similarly, the AR and ER transactivation assays were negative. Moreover, six of the seven monomers have been subjected to 13-week and developmental toxicity studies in rats with no androgen- or estrogen-related effects being noted. Given the negative results of the in vitro screening assays (except PMG which demonstrated cytotoxicity) as well as available repeated dose and developmental and reproductive studies, the data suggest that none of the monomers tested exhibit androgenic or estrogenic hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Osimitz
- Science Strategies, LLC, 1001 East Market Street, Suite 202, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA.
| | - William J Welsh
- Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 661 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ni Ai
- Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 661 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colleen Toole
- CeeTox, Inc., 4717 Campus Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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244
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Vegter AC, Barletta M, Beck C, Borrero J, Burton H, Campbell ML, Costa MF, Eriksen M, Eriksson C, Estrades A, Gilardi KVK, Hardesty BD, Ivar do Sul JA, Lavers JL, Lazar B, Lebreton L, Nichols WJ, Ribic CA, Ryan PG, Schuyler QA, Smith SDA, Takada H, Townsend KA, Wabnitz CCC, Wilcox C, Young LC, Hamann M. Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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245
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Verlis KM, Campbell ML, Wilson SP. Marine debris is selected as nesting material by the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) within the Swain Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 87:180-190. [PMID: 25131418 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many seabirds are impacted by marine debris through its presence in foraging and nesting areas. To determine the extent of this problem, marine debris use in nest material of the brown booby (Sula leucogaster) in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, was investigated. Nine cays were examined using beach and nest surveys. On average, four marine debris items were found per nest (n=96) with 58.3% of surveyed nests containing marine debris. The source of marine debris in nests and transects were primarily oceanic. Hard plastic items dominated both nest (56.8%) and surveyed beaches (72.8%), however only two item types were significantly correlated between these surveys. Nest surveys indicated higher levels of black and green items compared to beach transects. This selectivity for colours and items suggest these nests are not good indicators of environmental loads. This is the first study to examine S. leucogaster nests for marine debris in this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Verlis
- Central Queensland University, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 1319, Gladstone, QLD 4680, Australia.
| | - M L Campbell
- Central Queensland University, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 1319, Gladstone, QLD 4680, Australia; School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - S P Wilson
- Central Queensland University, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 1319, Gladstone, QLD 4680, Australia.
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246
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Su PH, Chen JY, Lin CY, Chen HY, Liao PC, Ying TH, Wang SL. Sex steroid hormone levels and reproductive development of eight-year-old children following in utero and environmental exposure to phthalates. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102788. [PMID: 25207995 PMCID: PMC4160173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero exposure to phthalates may adversely affect reproductive development in children due to the anti-androgenic properties of the pthalates. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the effects of in utero and environmental phthalate exposure on the reproductive development of eight-year-old children. We recruited 180 children in central Taiwan during November 2001 and followed them until August 2009 when all children became eight years old. Birth outcomes were collected. Bone age, hormone concentrations, and reproductive developmental stages were determined. Phthalate metabolite levels, including mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate [MEHP], mono-n-butyl phthalate [MnBP], and mono-benzyl phthalate [MBzP], were assessed. No significant gender differences were found in in utero phthalate exposure. Maternal urinary levels of phthalate metabolites did not correlate significantly with birth outcomes, physical characteristics, and reproductive hormones of the eight-year-old children. Regarding the urinary phthalate metabolite levels of the eight-year-old children, MEHP correlated significantly with serum progesterone levels. MEHP levels in girls correlated significantly with serum progesterone levels. MnBP correlated significantly with serum FSH in all children. In girls, MnBP correlated with serum FSH, and MBzP correlated with serum progesterone and FSH levels. Urinary phthalate metabolite levels did not correlate with female developmental stages or the development of female reproductive organs. Phthalate metabolites did not correlate with the physical characteristics and reproductive hormones in boys. Therefore, environmental exposure to phthalates, as determined by urinary phthalate metabolite levels of eight-year-old children, may affect reproductive hormone levels in children, indicating that further studies on the environmental health effects of phthalates are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pen-Hua Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yuh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yen Chen
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Chi Liao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- The Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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247
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Trabert B, Falk RT, Figueroa JD, Graubard BI, Garcia-Closas M, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Fox SD, Brinton LA. Urinary bisphenol A-glucuronide and postmenopausal breast cancer in Poland. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:1587-93. [PMID: 25189422 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concerns regarding a possible link between bisphenol A (BPA) and breast cancer have been mounting, but studies in human populations are lacking. We evaluated the association between the major urinary BPA metabolite [BPA-glucuronide (BPA-G)] and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in a large population-based case-control study conducted in two cities in Poland (2000-2003); we further explored the association of BPA-G levels with known postmenopausal breast cancer risk factors in our control population. METHODS We analyzed creatinine-adjusted urinary BPA-G levels among 575 postmenopausal cases matched on age and study site to 575 controls without breast cancer using a recently developed assay. Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals were used to estimate the association between urinary BPA-G level and breast cancer using conditional logistic regression. Among controls, geometric mean BPA-G levels were compared across categories of breast cancer risk factors using linear regression models. RESULTS There was no indication that increased BPA-G was associated with postmenopausal breast cancer (p-trend = 0.59). Among controls, mean BPA-G was higher among women reporting extended use of menopausal hormones, a prior screening mammogram, and residence in Warsaw. Other comparisons across strata of postmenopausal breast cancer risk factors were not related to differences in BPA-G. CONCLUSIONS Urinary BPA-G, measured at the time of diagnosis, is not linked to postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 7E-228, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9774, USA,
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248
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Stoner MA, Yang CZ, Bittner GD. A robotic BG1Luc reporter assay to detect estrogen receptor agonists. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:916-25. [PMID: 24747293 PMCID: PMC4088324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals with estrogenic activity (EA) have been associated with various adverse health effects. US agencies (ICCVAM/NICEATM) tasked to assess in vitro transcription activation assays to detect estrogenic receptor (ER) agonists for EA have recently validated a BG1Luc assay in manual format, but prefer robotic formats. We have developed a robotic BG1Luc EA assay to detect EA that demonstrated 100% concordance with ICCVAM meta-analyses and ICCVAM BG1Luc results in manual format for 27 ICCVAM test substances, i.e. no false negatives or false positives. This robotic assay also consistently assessed other, more problematic ICCVAM test substances such as clomiphene citrate, L-thyroxin, and tamoxifen. Agonist responses using this robotic BG1Luc assay were consistently inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780, confirming that agonist responses were due to binding to ERs rather than to a non-specific agonist response. This robotic assay also detected EA in complex mixtures of substances such as extracts of personal care products, plastic resins or plastic consumer products. This robotic BG1Luc assay had at least as high accuracy and greater sensitivity and repeatability when compared to its manual version or to the other ICCVAM/OECD validated assays for EA (manual BG1Luc and CERI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George D Bittner
- CertiChem, Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Neuroscience Department, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
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249
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Wiberg B, Lind PM, Lind L. Serum levels of monobenzylphthalate (MBzP) is related to carotid atherosclerosis in the elderly. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 133:348-352. [PMID: 25036990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Background exposure to environmental contaminants has recently emerged as a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease in general and to atheroclerosis in particular. This cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate if serum concentrations of the phthalate metabolite monobenzylphthalate (MBzP) are related to atheroclerosis in the carotid arteries. METHODS In the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (1003 subjects all aged 70) the prevalence of overt plaques and echogenicity (gray-scale median, GSM) of carotid artery plaques were recorded by ultrasound in both of the carotid arteries. The intima-media thickness (IMT) and echogenicity (IM-GSM) of the intima-media complex were also measured. The phthalate metabolite MBzP was analyzed in serum by a liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometer. RESULTS The circulating level of the phthalate MBzP was related to intima-media thickness (IMT) when adjusting for gender, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, serum triglycerides, blood glucose and smoking (p=0.034). High levels of MBzP were also strongly associated with an echogenic IM-GSM and plaque GSM (p=0.0001 for both outcomes after adjustment) but not to plaque prevalence (p=0.42). CONCLUSION The phthalate metabolite MBzP was strongly related to the echogenicity of intima-media and plaques and also to IMT, independently of traditional CV risk factors. This suggests a role for the phthalate MBzP in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Wiberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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250
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Bowman RE, Luine V, Khandaker H, Villafane JJ, Frankfurt M. Adolescent bisphenol-A exposure decreases dendritic spine density: role of sex and age. Synapse 2014; 68:498-507. [PMID: 24975924 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), a common environmental endocrine disruptor, modulates estrogenic, androgenic, and antiandrogenic effects throughout the lifespan. We recently showed that low dose BPA exposure during adolescence increases anxiety and impairs spatial memory independent of sex. In this study, six week old Sprague Dawley rats (n=24 males, n=24 females) received daily subcutaneous injections (40 µg/kg bodyweight) of BPA or vehicle for one week. Serum corticosterone levels in response to a 1 h restraint stress and spine density were examined at age 7 (cohort 1) and 11 (cohort 2) weeks. Adolescent BPA exposure did not alter stress dependent corticosterone responses but decreased spine density on apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal CA1 region (CA1). Sex differences in spine density were observed on basal dendrites of the mPFC and CA1 with females having greater spine density than males. This sex difference was further augmented by both age and treatment, with results indicating that BPA-dependent decreases in spine density were more pronounced in males than females on mPFC basal dendrites. Importantly, the robust neuronal alterations were observed in animals exposed to BPA levels below the current U.S.E.P.A. recommended safe daily limit. These results are the first demonstrating that BPA given during adolescence leads to enduring effects on neural morphology at adulthood. Given that humans are routinely exposed to low levels of BPA through a variety of sources, the decreased spine density reported in both male and female rats after BPA exposure warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bowman
- Department of Psychology, Sacred Heart University, Fairfield, Connecticut, 06825
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