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Mustafa AM, Maggi F, Papa F, Kaya E, Dikmen M, Öztürk Y. Isofuranodiene: A neuritogenic compound isolated from wild celery (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae). Food Chem 2015; 192:782-7. [PMID: 26304411 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the search for neuroactive compounds that mimic the nerve growth factor (NGF) activity for the protection against neurodegenerative diseases, the potential medicinal values of foods and plants attracts intense interest. Isofuranodiene is the major constituent of the essential oil of wild celery (Smyrnium olusatrum L., Apiaceae). The cytotoxic effects of isofuranodiene towards rat neuronal PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells were determined by MTT assay, while the cell differentiation was evaluated with xCELLigence real time cell analysis system (RTCA DP), and the neuritogenic activity was assessed by neurite outgrowth image analysis. Isofuranodiene at concentrations of 25 and 12.5 μM alone, or in combination with 50 nM NGF, showed a marked stimulation of neuritogenesis, but it was more effective at 12.5 μM with or without NGF. The present study reports the first evidence of the neuritogenic effects of isofuranodiene, which appears to be a promising neurotrophic and neuroprotective agent deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Papa
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Elif Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Miris Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Öztürk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
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202
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Spoto B, Zoccali C. Does asymmetric dimethylarginine play a role in depression in chronic kidney disease patients? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1599-601. [PMID: 26188339 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Spoto
- Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria Unit of CNR-IFC (National Research Council of Italy and Institute of Clinical Physiology), Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Clinical Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria Unit of CNR-IFC (National Research Council of Italy and Institute of Clinical Physiology), Reggio Calabria, Italy
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203
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Shioda N, Sawai M, Ishizuka Y, Shirao T, Fukunaga K. Nuclear Translocation of Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IIδ3 Promoted by Protein Phosphatase-1 Enhances Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Dopaminergic Neurons. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21663-75. [PMID: 26163515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.664920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported previously that dopamine D2 receptor stimulation activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) δ3, a CaMKII nuclear isoform, increasing BDNF gene expression. However, the mechanisms underlying that activity remained unclear. Here we report that CaMKIIδ3 is dephosphorylated at Ser(332) by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), promoting CaMKIIδ3 nuclear translocation. Neuro-2a cells transfected with CaMKIIδ3 showed cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, but the staining was predominantly nuclear when CaMKIIδ3 was coexpressed with PP1. Indeed, PP1 and CaMKIIδ3 coexpression significantly increased nuclear CaMKII activity and enhanced BDNF expression. In support of this idea, chronic administration of the dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist aripiprazole increased PP1 activity and promoted nuclear CaMKIIδ3 translocation and BDNF expression in the rat brain substantia nigra. Moreover, aripiprazole treatment enhanced neurite extension and inhibited cell death in cultured dopaminergic neurons, effects blocked by PP1γ knockdown. Taken together, nuclear translocation of CaMKIIδ3 following dephosphorylation at Ser(332) by PP1 likely accounts for BDNF expression and subsequent neurite extension and survival of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Shioda
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan and
| | - Masahiro Sawai
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan and
| | - Yuta Ishizuka
- the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan and
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204
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Antunes MS, Ruff JR, de Oliveira Espinosa D, Piegas MB, de Brito MLO, Rocha KA, de Gomes MG, Goes ATR, Souza LC, Donato F, Boeira SP, Jesse CR. Neuropeptide Y administration reverses tricyclic antidepressant treatment-resistant depression induced by ACTH in mice. Horm Behav 2015; 73:56-63. [PMID: 26122290 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and a primary cause of disability. To better treat patients suffering this illness, elucidation of the underlying psychopathological and neurobiological mechanisms is urgently needed. Based on the above-mentioned evidence, we sought to investigate the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) treatment in tricyclic antidepressant treatment-resistant depression induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration. Mice were treated with NPY (5.84, 11.7 or 23.4mmol/μl) intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) for one or five days. The levels of serum corticosterone, tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in the hippocampus were analyzed. The behavioral parameters (depressive-like and locomotor activity) were also verified. This study demonstrated that ACTH administration increased serum corticosterone levels, KYN, 5-HIAA levels, IDO activity (hippocampus), immobility in the forced swimming test (FST) and the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSFT). In addition, ACTH administration decreased the BDNF and NGF levels in the hippocampus of mice. NPY treatment was effective in preventing these hormonal, neurochemical and behavioral alterations. It is suggested that the main target of NPY is the modulation of corticosterone and neuronal plasticity protein levels, which may be closely linked with pharmacological action in a model of tricyclic antidepressant treatment-resistant depression. Thus, this study demonstrated a protective effect of NPY on the alterations induced by ACTH administration in mice, indicating that it could be useful as a therapy for the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Antunes
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Jossana Rodrigues Ruff
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Dieniffer de Oliveira Espinosa
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Manuela Bastos Piegas
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Maicon Lenon Otenio de Brito
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Kellen Athaíde Rocha
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - André Tiago Rossito Goes
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cattelan Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Franciele Donato
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano R Jesse
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas, LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, CEP 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
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205
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Guo C, Zhang YX, Wang T, Zhong ML, Yang ZH, Hao LJ, Chai R, Zhang S. Intranasal deferoxamine attenuates synapse loss via up-regulating the P38/HIF-1α pathway on the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:104. [PMID: 26082716 PMCID: PMC4451419 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely recognized neuroprotective effect of iron chelators is contributed by their ability to prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via the Fenton reaction, which sequesters redox-active Fe. An additional neuroprotective mechanism of iron-chelating compounds is to regulate the transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). In the present study, we observed that intranasal administration of deferoxamine decreased beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and rescued synapse loss in the brain of Aβ precursor protein and presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice. We found that deferoxamine (DFO) up-regulated HIF-1α mRNA expression and its protein level, and further induced the proteins that are encoded from HIF-1-adaptive genes, including transferrin receptor (TFR), divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The effects of DFO on the induction and stabilization of HIF-1α were further confirmed in vitro. This was accompanied by a decrease of Fe in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Western blotting studies revealed that DFO differentially enhanced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/P38 kinase in vitro and in vivo. The results suggest that the DFO may up-regulate several HIF-1-dependent neuroprotective-adaptive genes in AD via activating P38/HIF-1α pathway, which may serve as important therapeutic targets to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Guo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei United University Tangshan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
| | - Man-Li Zhong
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Juan Hao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Chai
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University Shenyang, China
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206
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Kwon HJ, Ha M, Jin HJ, Hyun JK, Shim SH, Paik KC, Park WS, Lim MH. Association between BDNF gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:366-71. [PMID: 25950609 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by behavioral problems such as attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain. AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the genotype and alleles for the BDNF gene in Korean children with ADHD. METHODS The sample consisted of 180 ADHD children and 159 control children. We diagnosed ADHD according to the DSM-IV. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with Conners' Parent Rating Scales and Dupaul Parent ADHD Rating Scales. Blood samples were taken from the 339 subjects, DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes, and polymerase chain reaction was performed for BDNF rs6265, rs11030101, rs10835210, rs7103873, and rs2030324 polymorphisms. Alleles and genotype frequencies were compared using the Chi-square test. We compared the allele and genotype frequencies of the BDNF gene polymorphism in the ADHD and control groups. RESULTS This study showed that there was a significant correlation among the allele frequencies of the rs11030101 and rs10835210 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (odds ratio=0.61, 95% confidence interval=0.39-0.96, p=0.034), but the final conclusions are not definite. Follow-up studies with larger patient or pure subgroups are expected. These results suggest that the BDNF allelic structure may impact ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jang Kwon
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,2 Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Han Jun Jin
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,3 Department of Nanobiotics, College of Natural Science, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- 4 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea .,5 Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Se Hoon Shim
- 6 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Ki Chung Paik
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,7 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- 8 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- 1 Environmental Health Center, Dankook Medical Hospital , Cheonan, South Korea .,9 Department of Psychology, College of Public Welfare, Dankook University , Cheonan, South Korea
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207
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Pelisch N, Dan T, Ichimura A, Sekiguchi H, Vaughan DE, van Ypersele de Strihou C, Miyata T. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Antagonist TM5484 Attenuates Demyelination and Axonal Degeneration in a Mice Model of Multiple Sclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124510. [PMID: 25915660 PMCID: PMC4411110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammatory demyelination and deposition of fibrinogen in the central nervous system (CNS). Elevated levels of a critical inhibitor of the mammalian fibrinolitic system, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) have been demonstrated in human and animal models of MS. In experimental studies that resemble neuroinflammatory disease, PAI-1 deficient mice display preserved neurological structure and function compared to wild type mice, suggesting a link between the fibrinolytic pathway and MS. We previously identified a series of PAI-1 inhibitors on the basis of the 3-dimensional structure of PAI-1 and on virtual screening. These compounds have been reported to provide a number of in vitro and in vivo benefits but none was tested in CNS disease models because of their limited capacity to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The existing candidates were therefore optimized to obtain CNS-penetrant compounds. We performed an in vitro screening using a model of BBB and were able to identify a novel, low molecular PAI-1 inhibitor, TM5484, with the highest penetration ratio among all other candidates. Next, we tested the effects on inflammation and demyelination in an experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mice model. Results were compared to either fingolimod or 6α-methylprednisolone. Oral administration of TM5484 from the onset of signs, ameliorates paralysis, attenuated demyelination, and axonal degeneration in the spinal cord of mice. Furthermore, it modulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which plays a protective role in neurons against various pathological insults, and choline acetyltransferase, a marker of neuronal density. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential benefits of a novel PAI-1 inhibitor, TM5484, in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pelisch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Dan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ichimura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sekiguchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Douglas E. Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Toshio Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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208
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Cherry-Allen KM, Gidday JM, Lee JM, Hershey T, Lang CE. Remote limb ischemic conditioning enhances motor learning in healthy humans. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:3708-19. [PMID: 25867743 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01028.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief bouts of sublethal ischemia have been shown to protect exposed tissue (ischemic conditioning) and tissues at remote sites (remote ischemic conditioning) against subsequent ischemic challenges. Given that the mechanisms of this protective phenomenon are multifactorial and epigenetic, we postulated that remote limb ischemic conditioning (RLIC) might enhance mechanisms responsible for neural plasticity, and thereby facilitate learning. Specifically, we hypothesized that conditioning of the nervous system with RLIC, achieved through brief repetitive limb ischemia prior to training, would facilitate the neurophysiological processes of learning, thus making training more effective and more long-lasting. Eighteen healthy adults participated in this study; nine were randomly allocated to RLIC and nine to sham conditioning. All subjects underwent seven consecutive weekday sessions and 2-wk and 4-wk follow-up sessions. We found that RLIC resulted in significantly greater motor learning and longer retention of motor performance gains in healthy adults. Changes in motor performance do not appear to be due to a generalized increase in muscle activation or muscle strength and were not associated with changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration. Of note, RLIC did not enhance cognitive learning on a hippocampus-dependent task. While future research is needed to establish optimal conditioning and training parameters, this inexpensive, clinically feasible paradigm might ultimately be implemented to enhance motor learning in individuals undergoing neuromuscular rehabilitation for brain injury and other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra M Cherry-Allen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeff M Gidday
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Catherine E Lang
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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209
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhu C, Ma X, Ma L, Zhou L, Huang Q, Cen L, Pi R, Chen X. Minocycline enhances hippocampal memory, neuroplasticity and synapse-associated proteins in aged C57 BL/6 mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 121:20-9. [PMID: 25838119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that minocycline can attenuate cognitive deficits in animal models of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia through inhibiting microglia associated anti-inflammatory actions. However the pathway that minocycline targets to enhance cognitive performance is not fully defined. Here we examined the effects of minocycline on learning and memory in aged (22-month-old) C57 BL/6 mice. We treated one group of mice with minocycline (30 mg/kg/day), and another group of mice with donepezil (2 mg/kg/day) as a positive control. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effects of minocycline on learning and memory deficits. We also used high-frequency stimulation-induced long-term potentiation and Golgi-Cox staining to assess the effect of minocycline on synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis. The effects of minocycline on synapse-associated signaling proteins were determined by western blot. We found that minocycline ameliorates cognitive deficits, enhances neuroplasticity, activates brain-derived neurotrophic factor- extracellular signal-regulated kinases signaling and increases expression of Arc, EGR1 and PSD-95 in the CA1 and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampus in aged mice. The effects of minocycline in aged mice were similar to those of donepezil. Our results suggest that minocycline could improve learning and memory through enhancing synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis, modulating the expression of synapse-associated signaling proteins, which provide a rationale for exploring the viability of using minocycline treatment in cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Cansheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Linli Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Qiling Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Lei Cen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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210
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Brun P, Gobbo S, Caputi V, Spagnol L, Schirato G, Pasqualin M, Levorato E, Palù G, Giron MC, Castagliuolo I. Toll like receptor-2 regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine intestinal smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 68:24-35. [PMID: 25823690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota-innate immunity axis is emerging as a key player to guarantee the structural and functional integrity of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota, derangement in signaling of innate immune receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and modifications in the neurochemical coding of the ENS have been associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Indeed, TLR2 activation by microbial products controls the ENS structure and regulates intestinal neuromuscular function. However, the cellular populations and the molecular mechanisms shaping the plasticity of enteric neurons in response to gut microbes are largely unexplored. In this study, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), enteric glial cells (EGCs) and macrophages/dendritic cells (MΦ/DCs) were isolated and cultured from the ileal longitudinal muscle layer of wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor-2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice. Quantification of mRNA levels of neurotrophins at baseline and following stimulation with TLR ligands was performed by RT-PCR. To determine the role of neurotrophins in supporting the neuronal phenotype, we performed co-culture experiments of enteric neurons with the conditioned media of cells isolated from the longitudinal muscle layer of WT or TLR2(-/-) mice. The neuronal phenotype was investigated evaluating the expression of βIII-tubulin, HuC/D, and nNOS by immunocytochemistry. As detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, SMCs expressed mRNA coding TLR1-9. Among the tested cell populations, un-stimulated SMCs were the most prominent sources of neurotrophins. Stimulation with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 and TLR9 ligands further increased Gdnf, Ngf, Bdnf and Lif mRNA levels in SMCs. Enteric neurons isolated from TLR2(-/-) mice exhibited smaller ganglia, fewer HuC/D(+ve) and nNOS(+ve) neurons and shorter βIII-tubulin axonal networks as compared to neurons cultured from WT mice. The co-culture with the conditioned media from WT-SMCs but not with those from WT-EGCs or WT-MΦ/DCs corrected the altered neuronal phenotype of TLR2(-/-) mice. Supplementation of TLR2(-/-) neuronal cultures with GDNF recapitulated the WT-SMC co-culture effect whereas the knockdown of GDNF expression in WT-SMCs using shRNA interference abolished the effect on TLR2(-/-) neurons. These data revealed that by exploiting the repertoire of TLRs to decode gut-microbial signals, intestinal SMCs elaborate a cocktail of neurotrophic factors that in turn supports neuronal phenotype. In this view, the SMCs represent an attractive target for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Serena Gobbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Spagnol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Schirato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Pasqualin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elia Levorato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ignazio Castagliuolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
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211
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Circuit formation and function in the olfactory bulb of mice with reduced spontaneous afferent activity. J Neurosci 2015; 35:146-60. [PMID: 25568110 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0613-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type of neuronal activity required for circuit development is a matter of significant debate. We addressed this issue by analyzing the topographic organization of the olfactory bulb in transgenic mice engineered to have very little afferent spontaneous activity due to the overexpression of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir2.1 in the olfactory sensory neurons (Kir2.1 mice). In these conditions, the topography of the olfactory bulb was unrefined. Odor-evoked responses were readily recorded in glomeruli with reduced spontaneous afferent activity, although the functional maps were coarser than in controls and contributed to altered olfactory discrimination behavior. In addition, overexpression of Kir2.1 in adults induced a regression of the already refined connectivity to an immature (i.e., coarser) status. Our data suggest that spontaneous activity plays a critical role not only in the development but also in the maintenance of the topography of the olfactory bulb and in sensory information processing.
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212
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Rousseaud A, Delépine C, Nectoux J, Billuart P, Bienvenu T. Differential Expression and Regulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) mRNA Isoforms in Brain Cells from Mecp2(308/y) Mouse Model. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:758-767. [PMID: 25634725 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), which encodes a transcriptional modulator of many genes including BDNF. BDNF comprises nine distinct promoter regions, each triggering the expression of a specific transcript. The role of this diversity of transcripts remains unknown. MeCP2 being highly expressed in neurons, RTT was initially considered as a neuronal disease. However, recent studies have shown that MeCP2 was also expressed in astrocytes. Though several studies explored Bdnf IV expression in Mecp2-deficient mice, the differential expression of Bdnf isoforms in Mecp2-deficient neurons and astrocytes was never studied. By using TaqMan technology and a mouse model expressing a truncated Mecp2 (Mecp2(308/y)), we firstly showed in neurons that Bdnf transcripts containing exon I, IIb, IIc, IV, and VI are prominently expressed, whereas in astrocytes, Bdnf transcript containing exon VI is preferentially expressed, suggesting a specific regulation of Bdnf expression at the cellular level. Secondly, we confirmed the repressive role of Mecp2 only on the expression of Bdnf VI in neurons. Our data suggested that the truncated Mecp2 protein maintains its function on Bdnf expression regulation in neurons and in astrocytes. Interestingly, we observed that Bdnf transcripts (I and IXA), regulated by neural activity induced by bicuculline in Mecp2(308/y) neurons, were not affected by histone deacetylase inhibition. In contrast, Bdnf transcripts (IIb, IIc, and VI), regulated by histone deacetylation, were not affected by bicuculline treatment in wild-type and Mecp2(308/y) neurons. All these results reflect the complexity of regulation of Bdnf gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Rousseaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Génétique, Physiopathologie et Approches Pharmacologiques des Maladies Neurodéveloppementales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Delépine
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Génétique, Physiopathologie et Approches Pharmacologiques des Maladies Neurodéveloppementales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Nectoux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Génétique, Physiopathologie et Approches Pharmacologiques des Maladies Neurodéveloppementales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Billuart
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Génétique, Physiopathologie et Approches Pharmacologiques des Maladies Neurodéveloppementales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Bienvenu
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Génétique, Physiopathologie et Approches Pharmacologiques des Maladies Neurodéveloppementales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, GHU Cochin-Broca-Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
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213
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Varendi K, Mätlik K, Andressoo JO. From microRNA target validation to therapy: lessons learned from studies on BDNF. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1779-94. [PMID: 25601223 PMCID: PMC4412727 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, the identification of microRNA (miR) targets has become common laboratory practice, and various strategies are now used to detect interactions between miRs and their mRNA targets. However, the current lack of a standardized identification process often leads to incomplete and/or conflicting results. Here, we review the problems most commonly encountered when verifying miR–mRNA interactions, and we propose a workflow for future studies. To illustrate the challenges faced when validating a miR target, we discuss studies in which the regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by miRs was investigated, and we highlight several controversies that emerged from these studies. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic use of miR inhibitors, and we discuss several questions that should be addressed before proceeding to preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kärt Varendi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
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214
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BDNF-dependent plasticity induced by peripheral inflammation in the primary sensory and the cingulate cortex triggers cold allodynia and reveals a major role for endogenous BDNF as a tuner of the affective aspect of pain. J Neurosci 2015; 34:14739-51. [PMID: 25355226 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0860-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful experiences are multilayered, composed of sensory, affective, cognitive and behavioral facets. Whereas it is well accepted that the development of chronic pain is due to maladaptive neuronal changes, the underlying molecular mechanisms, their relationship to the different pain modalities, and indeed the localization of these changes are still unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an activity-dependent neuromodulator in the adult brain, which enhances neuronal excitability. In the spinal cord, BDNF underlies the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we hypothesized that BDNF could be a trigger of some of these plastic changes. Our results demonstrate that BDNF is upregulated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the primary sensory cortex (S1) in rats with inflammatory pain. Injections of recombinant BDNF (into the ACC) or a viral vector synthesizing BDNF (into the ACC or S1) triggered both neuronal hyperexcitability, as shown by elevated long-term potentiation, and sustained pain hypersensitivity. Finally, pharmacological blockade of BDNF-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the ACC, through local injection of cyclotraxin-B (a novel, highly potent, and selective TrkB antagonist) prevented neuronal hyperexcitability, the emergence of cold hypersensitivity, and passive avoidance behavior. These findings show that BDNF-dependent neuronal plasticity in the ACC, a structure known to be involved in the affective-emotional aspect of pain, is a key mechanism in the development and maintenance of the emotional aspect of chronic pain.
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215
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O'Leary O, Nolan Y. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 as a therapeutic target for cognitive dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Drugs 2015; 29:1-15. [PMID: 25380674 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is involved in a broad range of cellular processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. It is now also increasingly acknowledged as having a role to play in cognitive-related processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and neural cell survival. Cognitive impairment represents a major debilitating feature of many neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, mood disorders, schizophrenia and fragile X syndrome, as well as being a result of traumatic brain injury or cranial irradiation. Accordingly, GSK-3 has been identified as an important therapeutic target for cognitive impairment, and recent preclinical studies have yielded important evidence demonstrating that GSK-3 inhibitors may be useful therapeutic interventions for restoring cognitive function in some of these brain disorders. The current review summarises the role of GSK-3 as a regulator of cognitive-dependent functions, examines current preclinical and clinical evidence of the potential of GSK-3 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric disorders, and offers some insight into the current obstacles that are impeding the clinical use of selective GSK-3 inhibitors in the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Room 4.10, Cork, Ireland
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216
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Zhang XY, Chen DC, Tan YL, Luo X, Zuo L, Lv MH, Shah NN, Zunta-Soares GB, Soares JC. Smoking and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in male schizophrenia: a case-control study. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 60:49-55. [PMID: 25455509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Some recent studies show an association between a functional polymorphism of BDNF gene (Val66Met) and the susceptibility to nicotine dependence and we hypothesized that this polymorphism was associated with smoking in both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The BDNF Val66Met gene polymorphism was genotyped in 690 chronic male schizophrenia patients (smoker/nonsmoker = 522/169) and 628 male controls (smoker/nonsmoker = 322/306) using a case-control design. Nicotine dependence (ND) was assessed by the cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), and the Fagerstrom Test for ND (FTND). Patients also were rated on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results showed no significant differences in BDNF Val66Met genotype and allele distributions between the patients and healthy controls or between smokers and nonsmokers in either patients or healthy controls alone. In patient groups, however, the smokers with the Met allele had significantly higher HSI scores (Met/Met: 2.8 ± 1.7 vs. Met/Val: 2.2 ± 1.7 vs. Val/Val: 2.0 ± 1.6, p < 0.01) and a trend toward a significantly higher FTND score (p = 0.09) than those with the Val/Val genotype. In addition, the smokers showed significantly lower PANSS negative symptom and total scores, longer duration of illness and more hospitalizations (all p < 0.05). In the control group, the smokers with the Met allele started smoking significantly earlier than those with the Val/Val genotype (both p < 0.05). These results suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may affect a smoker's response to nicotine in both schizophrenia and healthy controls from a Chinese Han population, but with differential effects in different aspects of smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Da-Chun Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Long Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meng-Han Lv
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nurun N Shah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harris County Psychiatric Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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217
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Lipsky RH, Lin M. Genetic predictors of outcome following traumatic brain injury. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 127:23-41. [PMID: 25702208 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52892-6.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has acute and chronic outcomes for those who survive. Over time, the chronic process of injury impacts multiple organ systems that may lead to disease. We discuss possible mechanisms and methodological issues in the context of candidate gene association studies using TBI patient populations. Because study population sizes have been generally limited, we discussed results on genes that have been the focus of independent studies. We also present a justification for testing more speculative candidate genes in recovery from TBI, such as those involved in circadian rhythm, to outline the importance of prioritizing functional variants in genes that may modulate recovery or provide neuroprotection from TBI. Finally, we provide a perspective on how future research will integrate population level genetic findings with the biological basis of disease in order to create a resource of predictive outcome measures for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lipsky
- Department of Neurosciences, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA.
| | - Mingkuan Lin
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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218
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Reimers JM, Loweth JA, Wolf ME. BDNF contributes to both rapid and homeostatic alterations in AMPA receptor surface expression in nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1159-69. [PMID: 24712995 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in plasticity at glutamate synapses and in the effects of repeated cocaine exposure. We recently showed that intracranial injection of BDNF into the rat nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key region for cocaine addiction, rapidly increases α-amino-3-hyroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) surface expression. To further characterize BDNF's role in both rapid AMPAR trafficking and slower, homeostatic changes in AMPAR surface expression, we investigated the effects of acute (30 min) and long-term (24 h) treatment with BDNF on AMPAR distribution in NAc medium spiny neurons from postnatal rats co-cultured with mouse prefrontal cortex neurons to restore excitatory inputs. Immunocytochemical studies showed that acute BDNF treatment increased cell surface GluA1 and GluA2 levels, as well as their co-localization, on NAc neurons. This effect of BDNF, confirmed using a protein crosslinking assay, was dependent on ERK but not AKT signaling. In contrast, long-term BDNF treatment decreased AMPAR surface expression on NAc neurons. Based on this latter result, we tested the hypothesis that BDNF plays a role in AMPAR 'scaling down' in response to a prolonged increase in neuronal activity produced by bicuculline (24 h). Supporting this hypothesis, decreasing BDNF signaling with the extracellular BDNF scavenger TrkB-Fc prevented the scaling down of GluA1 and GluA2 surface levels in NAc neurons normally produced by bicuculline. In conclusion, BDNF exerts bidirectional effects on NAc AMPAR surface expression, depending on duration of exposure. Furthermore, BDNF's involvement in synaptic scaling in the NAc differs from its previously described role in the visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Reimers
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064-3095, USA
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219
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Beitnere U, Dzirkale Z, Isajevs S, Rumaks J, Svirskis S, Klusa V. Carnitine congener mildronate protects against stress- and haloperidol-induced impairment in memory and brain protein expression in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 745:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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220
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Smith PA. BDNF: No gain without pain? Neuroscience 2014; 283:107-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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221
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Yin JB, Wu HH, Dong YL, Zhang T, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wei YY, Lu YC, Wu SX, Wang W, Li YQ. Neurochemical properties of BDNF-containing neurons projecting to rostral ventromedial medulla in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:137. [PMID: 25477786 PMCID: PMC4238372 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) modulates nociception via a descending pathway that relays in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and terminates in the spinal cord. Previous behavioral pharmacology and electrophysiological evidence suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in descending pain modulation, likely through the PAG-RVM pathway. However, detailed information is still lacking on the distribution of BDNF, activation of BDNF-containing neurons projecting to RVM in the condition of pain, and neurochemical properties of these neurons within the PAG. Through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunofluorescent staining, the homogenous distributions of BDNF mRNA and protein were observed in the four subregions of PAG. Both neurons and astrocytes expressed BDNF, but not microglia. By combining retrograde tracing methods and formalin pain model, there were more BDNF-containing neurons projecting to RVM being activated in the ventrolateral subregion of PAG (vlPAG) than other subregions of PAG. The neurochemical properties of BDNF-containing projection neurons in the vlPAG were investigated. BDNF-containing projection neurons expressed the autoreceptor TrkB in addition to serotonin (5-HT), neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and parvalbumin (PV) but not tyrosine decarboxylase (TH). It is speculated that BDNF released from projection neurons in the vlPAG might participate in the descending pain modulation through enhancing the presynaptic release of other neuroactive substances (NSs) in the RVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bin Yin
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Huang-Hui Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuzhou General Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lin Dong
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wei
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy and K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Preclinical School of Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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222
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Papathanassoglou EDE, Miltiadous P, Karanikola MN. May BDNF Be Implicated in the Exercise-Mediated Regulation of Inflammation? Critical Review and Synthesis of Evidence. Biol Res Nurs 2014; 17:521-39. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800414555411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise attenuates inflammation and enhances levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Exercise also enhances parasympathetic tone, although its role in activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is unclear. The physiological pathways of exercise’s effect on inflammation are obscure. Aims: To critically review the evidence on the role of BDNF in the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and its potential involvement in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Methods: Critical literature review of studies published in MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Results: BDNF is critically involved in the bidirectional signaling between immune and neurosensory cells and in the regulation of parasympathetic system responses. BDNF is also intricately involved in the inflammatory response: inflammation induces BDNF production, and, in turn, BDNF exerts pro- and/or anti-inflammatory effects. Although exercise modulates BDNF and its receptors in lymphocytes, data on BDNF’s immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory effects in relation to exercise are scarce. Moreover, BDNF increases cholinergic activity and is modulated by parasympathetic system activation. However, its involvement in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has not been investigated. Conclusion: Converging lines of evidence implicate BDNF in exercise-mediated regulation of inflammation; however, data are insufficient to draw concrete conclusions. We suggest that there is a need to investigate BDNF as a potential modulator/mediator of the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise and of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway during exercise. Such research would have implications for a wide range of inflammatory diseases and for planning targeted exercise protocols.
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223
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Yazir Y, Utkan T, Gacar N, Aricioglu F. Resveratrol exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects to prevent memory deficits in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Physiol Behav 2014; 138:297-304. [PMID: 25455865 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have recently focused on the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of resveratrol. In prior studies, we described its beneficial effects on scopolamine-induced learning deficits in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol on emotional and spatial cognitive functions, neurotropic factor expression, and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), which is known to induce cognitive deficits. Resveratrol (5 or 20mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 35 days. Rats in the CUMS group and in the 5mg/kg resveratrol+CUMS group performed poorly in tasks designed to assess emotional and spatial learning and memory. The 20mg/kg resveratrol+CUMS group showed improved performance compared to the CUMS group. In addition, the CUMS procedure induced lower expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and c-Fos in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 and in the amygdala of stressed rats. These effects were reversed by chronic administration of resveratrol (20mg/kg). In addition, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta were increased by CUMS, but were restored to normal by resveratrol. These results indicate that resveratrol significantly attenuates the deficits in emotional learning and spatial memory seen in chronically stressed rats. These effects may be related to resveratrol-mediated changes in neurotrophin factor expression in hippocampus and in levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusufhan Yazir
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tijen Utkan
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli, Turkey; Kocaeli University Experimental Medical Research and Application Centre, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Nejat Gacar
- Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Marmara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
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224
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Roy S, Sharma HP, Nag TC, Velpandian T, Upadhyay AD, Mathur R, Jain S. BDNF mediated activity dependent maturation of visual Wulst following prenatal repetitive auditory stimulation at a critical developmental period in domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus). Brain Res Bull 2014; 109:99-108. [PMID: 25305344 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The developing visual circuitry attains its mature adult pattern through the process of activity-dependent refinement in which photic stimulation plays the major role. However, auditory stimulation can also facilitate the developing visual Wulst synaptic plasticity and postnatal perceptual behavior, though the underlying mechanism is unclear. We exposed the fertilized eggs of white Leghorn chickens during incubation to either species-specific calls or no sound for varying time periods depending on the functional development of the auditory and/or visual systems. The visual evoked potential (VEP) from the Wulst was recorded at embryonic days (E) 19, 20 and posthatch days (PH) 1-3, to assess functional maturation. A significant attenuation in latencies and higher amplitudes at PH1-3 in the stimulated groups that received exposure during visual system maturation, suggest beneficial effect of auditory inputs only during critical periods. Concomitant with this, there was a significant increase in the expression of BDNF and levels of neurotransmitters GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine and serotonin from E18 only in both hemispheres of the visual Wulst. A significant inter-hemispheric difference in expression was also found in all groups. These results suggest the role of BDNF in activity driven structural and functional maturation of the visual system following prenatal repetitive auditory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Roy
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Hanuman Prasad Sharma
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashish Datt Upadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rashmi Mathur
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Suman Jain
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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225
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Medini P. Experience-dependent plasticity of visual cortical microcircuits. Neuroscience 2014; 278:367-84. [PMID: 25171791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent decade testified a tremendous increase in our knowledge on how cell-type-specific microcircuits process sensory information in the neocortex and on how such circuitry reacts to manipulations of the sensory environment. Experience-dependent plasticity has now been investigated with techniques endowed with cell resolution during both postnatal development and in adult animals. This review recapitulates the main recent findings in the field using mainly the primary visual cortex as a model system to highlight the more important questions and physiological principles (such as the role of non-competitive mechanisms, the role of inhibition in excitatory cell plasticity, the functional importance of spine and axonal plasticity on a microscale level). I will also discuss on which scientific problems the debate and controversies are more pronounced. New technologies that allow to perturbate cell-type-specific subcircuits will certainly shine new light in the years to come at least on some of the still open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Medini
- Institutionen för Molekylärbiologi, and Institutionen för Integrativ Medicinsk Biologi (IMB), Fysiologi Avdelning, Umeå Universitet, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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226
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Developmental and degenerative modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcript variants in the mouse hippocampus. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:68-73. [PMID: 25124374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is regarded as an important factor for neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal network organization in brain circuits. However, little is known about the regulation of BDNF transcript variants in the hippocampus during postnatal development and following chemically induced neurotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the expression of individual BDNF transcript variants in the mouse hippocampus on postnatal day (PD) 3, 7, 14, 21, and 56, as well as in the adult hippocampus 1, 2, 4, and 8 days after trimethyltin (TMT) treatment. During postnatal development, the expression levels of common BDNF-coding transcripts and BDNF transcript variants increased gradually in the hippocampus, but the temporal patterns of each exon transcript showed significant differences. In the TMT-treated hippocampus, the levels of common BDNF-coding transcripts and exon I, IIC, III, VII, VIII, and IXA transcripts were significantly increased 1 day post-treatment. These observations suggest that the differential regulation of BDNF exon transcripts may be associated with neuronal and synaptic maturation during postnatal development, and neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity in chemically induced neurodegeneration.
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227
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Barton B, Treister A, Humphrey M, Abedi G, Cramer SC, Brewer AA. Paradoxical visuomotor adaptation to reversed visual input is predicted by BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. J Vis 2014; 14:14.9.4. [PMID: 25104829 DOI: 10.1167/14.9.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain, influencing neural development, plasticity, and repair (Chen et al., 2004; Thoenen, 1995). The BDNF gene contains a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) called Val(66)Met. The Met allele interferes with intracellular BDNF-trafficking, decreases activity-dependent BDNF secretion, and consequently is often associated with a shift from plasticity to stability in neural circuits (Egan et al., 2003). We investigated the behavioral consequences of the presence of the Met allele by comparing how 40 heterozygous subjects with the Val/Met genotype and 35 homozygous subjects with the Val/Val genotype performed on visuomotor tasks (reaching and navigation) under two conditions: normal vision and completely left-right reversed vision. As expected, subjects did not differ in their short-term ability to learn the tasks with normal vision (p = 0.58). Intuitively, it would be expected that homozygous Val/Val subjects with a propensity for greater BDNF-induced activity-dependent plasticity would learn new tasks more quickly than heterozygous Val/Met subjects with decreased BDNF secretion (Gilbert, Li, & Piech, 2009). However, we found the opposite here. When short-term mechanisms of visuomotor adaptation were engaged to compensate for the misalignment of visual and somatomotor information created by the left-right reversal of vision, heterozygous Val/Met subjects learned significantly more quickly than their homozygous Val/Val counterparts (p = 0.027). Our results demonstrate the paradoxical finding that the presence of the Met allele, which is thought to promote cortical stability, here improves immediate visuomotor adaptation to left-right-reversed visual input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Barton
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Treister
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Melanie Humphrey
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Garen Abedi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven C Cramer
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa A Brewer
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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228
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Shu Q, Qin R, Chen Y, Hu G, Li M. Asenapine sensitization from adolescence to adulthood and its potential molecular basis. Behav Brain Res 2014; 273:166-76. [PMID: 25093543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asenapine is a new antipsychotic drug that induces a long-lasting behavioral sensitization in adult rats. The present study investigated the developmental impacts of adolescent asenapine treatment on drug sensitivity and on 3 proteins implicated in the action of antipsychotic drugs (i.e. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dopamine D2 receptor, and ΔFosB) in adulthood. Male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal days, P 43-48) were first treated with asenapine (0.05, 0.10 or 0.20mg/kg, sc) and tested in the conditioned avoidance or PCP (2.0mg/kg, sc)-induced hyperlocomotion tasks for 5 days. After they became adults (∼P 76), asenapine sensitization was assessed in a single avoidance or PCP-induced hyperlocomotion challenge test with all rats being injected with asenapine (0.10mg/kg, sc). Rats were then sacrificed 1 day later and BDNF, D2 and ΔFosB in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus were examined using Western blotting. In adolescence, repeated asenapine treatment produced a persistent and dose-dependent inhibition of avoidance response, spontaneous motor activity and PCP-induced hyperlocomotion. In the asenapine challenge test, adult rats treated with asenapine (0.10 and 0.20mg/kg) in adolescence made significantly fewer avoidance responses and showed a stronger inhibition of spontaneous motor activity than those previously treated with saline. However, no group difference in the levels of BDNF, D2 and ΔFosB expression was found. These findings suggest that although adolescent asenapine treatment for a short period of time induces a robust behavioral sensitization that persists into adulthood, such a long-term effect is not likely to be mediated by BDNF, D2 and ΔFosB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Rongyin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA; Department of Neurology, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingzhu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.
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229
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Mele T, Jurič DM. Metrifonate, like acetylcholine, up-regulates neurotrophic activity of cultured rat astrocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:618-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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230
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O'Leary OF, O'Brien FE, O'Connor RM, Cryan JF. Drugs, genes and the blues: Pharmacogenetics of the antidepressant response from mouse to man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 123:55-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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231
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Branchi I, Cirulli F. Early experiences: Building up the tools to face the challenges of adult life. Dev Psychobiol 2014; 56:1661-74. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Rome Italy
- Institute of Anatomy; University of Zurich; 190 Winterthurestrasse 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299 00161 Rome Italy
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232
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Corominas-Roso M, Roncero C, Eiroa-Orosa FJ, Ribasés M, Barral C, Daigre C, Martínez-Luna N, Sánchez-Mora C, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Casas M. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and cocaine-induced transient psychotic symptoms. Neuropsychobiology 2014; 68:146-55. [PMID: 24051573 DOI: 10.1159/000353259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine-induced psychosis (CIP) is among the most serious adverse effects of cocaine. Reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels have been reported in schizophrenia and psychosis; however, studies assessing the involvement of BDNF in CIP are lacking. METHODS A total of 22 cocaine-dependent patients (aged 33.65 ± 6.85) who had never experienced psychotic symptoms under the influence of cocaine (non-CIP) and 18 patients (aged 34.18 ± 8.54) with a history of CIP completed a 2-week detoxification program in an inpatient facility. Two serum samples were collected from each patient at baseline and at the end of the protocol. Demographic, consumption and clinical data were recorded for all patients. A paired group of healthy controls was also included. RESULTS At the beginning of the detoxification treatment, serum BDNF levels were similar in both the non-CIP and the CIP groups. During early abstinence, the non-CIP group exhibited a significant increase in serum BDNF levels (p = 0.030), whereas the CIP group exhibited a decrease. Improvements in depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI, p = 0.003) and withdrawal symptoms (Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment, CSSA, p = 0.013) show a significant positive correlation with serum BDNF levels in the non-CIP group, whereas no correlation between the same variables was found in the CIP group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that BDNF plays a role in the transient psychotic symptoms associated with cocaine consumption. In the non-CIP group, the increase in serum BDNF appears to be driven by the effects of chronic cocaine consumption and withdrawal. In contrast, patients with CIP share some of the neurotrophic deficiencies that characterize schizophrenia and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Corominas-Roso
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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233
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Dhobale M. Neurotrophins: Role in adverse pregnancy outcome. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 37:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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234
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Nazeer A, Mansour M, Gross KA. ADHD and adolescent athletes. Front Public Health 2014; 2:46. [PMID: 24987666 PMCID: PMC4060024 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the child and adolescent population. It is characterized by impairment in attention/concentration, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, all of which can impact performance of athletes. ADHD treatment within the athletic population is a unique challenge. The research in this field has been relatively limited. The National Collegiate Athletic Association and International Olympic Committee both regulate the use of psychostimulants for treatment of ADHD due to their performance-enhancing effects. In this article, authors have discussed the screening methods, pharmacological treatment, side effects, and behavioral approaches for the treatment of ADHD in adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Nazeer
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI , USA
| | - Miriam Mansour
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI , USA
| | - Kathleen A Gross
- Clinical Research, Department of Psychiatry, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine , Kalamazoo, MI , USA
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235
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Seil FJ. The changeable nervous system: studies on neuroplasticity in cerebellar cultures. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 45:212-32. [PMID: 24933693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Circuit reorganization after injury was studied in a cerebellar culture model. When cerebellar cultures derived from newborn mice were exposed at explantation to a preparation of cytosine arabinoside that destroyed granule cells and oligodendrocytes and compromised astrocytes, Purkinje cells surviving in greater than usual numbers were unensheathed by astrocytic processes and received twice the control number of inhibitory axosomatic synapses. Purkinje cell axon collaterals sprouted and many of their terminals formed heterotypical synapses with other Purkinje cell dendritic spines. The resulting circuit reorganization preserved inhibition in the cerebellar cortex. Following this reorganization, replacement of the missing granule cells and glia was followed by a restitution of the normal circuitry. Most of these developmental and reconstructive changes were not dependent on neuronal activity, the major exception being inhibitory synaptogenesis. The full complement of inhibitory synapses did not develop in the absence of neuronal activity, which could be mitigated by application of exogenous TrkB receptor ligands. Inhibitory synaptogenesis could also be promoted by activity-induced release of endogenous TrkB receptor ligands or by antibody activation of the TrkB receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Seil
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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236
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Dimatelis JJ, Russell VA, Stein DJ, Daniels WM. Methamphetamine reversed maternal separation-induced decrease in nerve growth factor in the ventral hippocampus. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:433-9. [PMID: 24407463 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been suggested to predispose individuals to drug abuse. The early life stress of maternal separation (MS) is known to alter the response to drugs of abuse later in life. Exposure to either stress or methamphetamine has been shown to alter neurotrophic factors in the brain. Changes in neurotrophin levels may contribute to the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drug use- and stress-induced behaviours. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the individual effects of MS and methamphetamine administration during adolescence and the combined effects of both stressors on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus (HC) in adulthood. Methamphetamine administration (1 mg/kg, daily from postnatal day (PND) 33 to 36 and from PND 39 to 42), MS and the combination of the two stressors resulted in decreased BDNF levels in both the dorsal and ventral HC. MS decreased NGF levels in the ventral HC which was restored by methamphetamine administration in adolescence. In the dorsal HC, NGF remained unaltered by either stressor alone or in combination. We propose that the restoration of NGF levels in the ventral HC may reflect a possible compensatory mechanism in response to methamphetamine exposure in adolescence following the early life stress of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Dimatelis
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa, 7925,
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237
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Su H, Tao J, Xie Y, Han B, Lu Y, Wei Y, Sun H, Wang Y, Wu W, Zou S, Liang H, Zoghbi AW, Tang W, He J. Increased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels during opiate withdrawal. Neurosci Lett 2014; 571:61-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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238
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Zhou J, Cao X, Mar AC, Ding YQ, Wang X, Li Q, Li L. Activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors improve stress adaptation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:2067-75. [PMID: 24258351 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) receptors modulate the stress response and have been implicated in the etiology and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. A reduction in postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor function in limbic areas has consistently been observed following exposure to chronic stress. OBJECTIVES To investigate the hypothesis that increased activation of 5-HT1A receptors in rats having reduced 5-HT function may improve stress adaptation and the behavioral sequelae commonly associated with chronic stress. METHODS One hundred forty-four Sprague-Dawley rats received injections of para-chlorophenylalanine to partially deplete 5-HT then were given daily systemic pretreatment with the 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2- (di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), the antagonist, WAY 100635, or vehicle prior to either restraint stress (6 h/day for 10 daily sessions) or control conditions. Anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors were then assessed using the open field and sucrose preference tests. Protein level of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors was detected by immunohistochemistry and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined by in situ hybridization. RESULTS 8-OH-DPAT pretreatment prior to stress exposure attenuated later stress-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and increased GR and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus relative to vehicle- and WAY 100635-pretreated, stressed animals. CONCLUSION The stress-related impairments associated with 5-HT deficiency can be improved by 8-OH-DPAT pretreatment prior to stress exposure and are associated with an augmentation of GR-like immunoreactivity and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus. It suggested that selective activation of 5-HT1A receptors may be a potential treatment strategy for stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Zhou
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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239
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Sun W, Ban JB, Zhang N, Zu YK, Sun WX. Perinatal exposure to Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-Phthalate leads to cognitive dysfunction and phospho-tau level increase in aged rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:596-603. [PMID: 22610992 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-Phthalate (DEHP) can affect glucose and insulin homeostasis in periphery and lead to insulin resistance, especially exposure of DEHP during critical developmental period. Given the potential relationship between insulin resistance and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly life, we investigated the relationship between perinatal DEHP exposure and AD pathogenesis. Our results suggested that perinatal exposure to DEHP can affect the expression of insulin and insulin-Akt- GSK-3β signal pathway in hippocampus. Furthermore, impaired cognitive ability and increased level of phospho-Tau was observed in DEHP-exposed rat offspring (1.25 ± 0.11 vs. 0.47 ± 0.07, P < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to DEHP may be a potential risk factor for AD pathogenesis associated with insulin resistance and insulin metabolism disorder in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital Attached to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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240
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Spatial learning in the Morris water maze in mice genetically different in the predisposition to catalepsy: the effect of intraventricular treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 122:266-72. [PMID: 24780503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary catalepsy in mice is accompanied with volume reduction of some brain structures and high vulnerability to inflammatory agents. Here an association between hereditary catalepsy and spatial learning deficit in the Morris water maze (MWM) in adult mouse males of catalepsy-resistant AKR, catalepsy-prone CBA and AKR.CBA-D13Mit76 (D13) strains was studied. Recombinant D13 strain was created by means of the transfer of the CBA-derived allele of the major gene of catalepsy to the AKR genome. D13 mice showed a low MWM performance in the acquisition test and high expression of the gene coding proinflammatory interleukin-6 (Il-6) in the hippocampus and cortex compared with mice of the parental AKR and CBA strains. An acute ivc administration of 300 ng of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) normalized the performance in the MWM, but did not decrease the high Il-6 gene expression in the brain of D13 mice. These results indicated a possible association between the hereditary catalepsy, MWM performance, BDNF and level of Il-6 mRNA in the brain, although the relation between these characteristics seems to be more complex. D13 recombinant mice with deficit of spatial learning is a promising model for study of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of learning disorders as well as for screening potential cognitive enhancers.
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241
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Pinheiro KAT, Pinheiro RT, Coelho FMDC, da Silva RA, Quevedo LÁ, Schwanz CC, Wiener CD, Manfro GG, Giovenardi M, Lucion AB, de Souza DO, Portela LV, Oses JP. Serum NGF, BDNF and IL-6 levels in postpartum mothers as predictors of infant development: the influence of affective disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94581. [PMID: 24733087 PMCID: PMC3986106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early adverse experiences are associated with increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders, although little is known about the neurobiological mediators involved. The mechanisms by which early environmental influences may mediate vulnerability in the development of offspring await further investigation. The present study correlated the NGF, BDNF, IL-6 and cortisol levels of mothers with postpartum affective disorders (PPAD) with infant development. METHODS A longitudinal study was performed with 152 pregnant women and their infants. Between 60 and 120 days after delivery, women were interviewed and provided biological samples for biochemical analysis, and the infants were examined for neurobiological-motor development. RESULTS Overall, the mothers' history of affective disorders, PPAD and anxiety disorder were associated with infant motor development. Using an adjusted linear regression analysis, PPAD (p = 0.049), maternal anxiety disorder (p = 0.043), NGF level (p = 0.034) and infant cortisol level (p = 0.013) were associated with infant motor development. Using a factorial analysis of primary components, two components were retained. The psychological factor was characterized by a positive loading of a history of affective disorder, PPAD and anxiety disorder. For the biological factor, infant cortisol adhered negatively with infant motor development, but NGF was positively associated. The psychological factor had a negative association, but the biological factor had a positive association with infant motor development. CONCLUSIONS There are few studies that have focused on the relationship of biomarkers and infant neurodevelopment. Our study points that psychological and biological factors are associated with infant motor development, however the causal relationship between these factors is still to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Tavares Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Azevedo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ávila Quevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina Carvalhal Schwanz
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina David Wiener
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Giovenardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences. Universidade Federal de Ciências da Sáude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aldo Bolten Lucion
- Department of Physiological Sciences. Universidade Federal de Ciências da Sáude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Valmor Portela
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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242
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Andreska T, Aufmkolk S, Sauer M, Blum R. High abundance of BDNF within glutamatergic presynapses of cultured hippocampal neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:107. [PMID: 24782711 PMCID: PMC3990111 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key factor for synaptic refinement, plasticity and learning. Although BDNF-induced signaling cascades are well known, the spatial aspects of the synaptic BDNF localization remained unclear. Recent data provide strong evidence for an exclusive presynaptic location and anterograde secretion of endogenous BDNF at synapses of the hippocampal circuit. In contrast, various studies using BDNF overexpression in cultured hippocampal neurons support the idea that postsynaptic elements and other dendritic structures are the preferential sites of BDNF localization and release. In this study we used rigorously tested anti-BDNF antibodies and achieved a dense labeling of endogenous BDNF close to synapses. Confocal microscopy showed natural BDNF close to many, but not all glutamatergic synapses, while neither GABAergic synapses nor postsynaptic structures carried a typical synaptic BDNF label. To visualize the BDNF distribution within the fine structure of synapses, we implemented super resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Two-color dSTORM images of neurites were acquired with a spatial resolution of ~20 nm. At this resolution, the synaptic scaffold proteins Bassoon and Homer exhibit hallmarks of mature synapses and form juxtaposed bars, separated by a synaptic cleft. BDNF imaging signals form granule-like clusters with a mean size of ~60 nm and are preferentially found within the fine structure of the glutamatergic presynapse. Individual glutamatergic presynapses carried up to 90% of the synaptic BDNF immunoreactivity, and only a minor fraction of BDNF molecules was found close to the postsynaptic bars. Our data proof that hippocampal neurons are able to enrich and store high amounts of BDNF in small granules within the mature glutamatergic presynapse, at a principle site of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Andreska
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Aufmkolk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Würzburg, Germany
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243
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The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism modulates the generalization of cued fear responses to a novel context. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1187-95. [PMID: 24247044 PMCID: PMC3957113 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a crucial role in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. The human functional single-nucleotide BDNF rs6265 (Val66Met) polymorphism has been found to be associated with alteration in neural BDNF release and function correlating with altered emotional behavior. Here, we investigated for the first time the hypothesis that this polymorphism in humans modulates the context dependency of conditioned fear responses. Applying a new paradigm examining generalization of cued fear across contexts, 70 participants stratified for BDNF Val66Met polymorphism were guided through two virtual offices (context) in which briefly illuminated blue and yellow lights served as cues. In the fear context, one light (conditioned stimulus, CS+) but not the other light (CS-) was associated with an electric shock (unconditioned stimulus, US). In the safety context, both lights were presented too, but no US was delivered. During the test phase, lights were presented again both in learning contexts and in a novel generalization context without any US. All participants showed clear fear conditioning to the CS+ in the fear context as indicated by potentiation of startle responses and reports of fear. No fear reactions were found for the CS+ in the safety context. Importantly, generalization of fear responses indicated by the potentiation of startle response to the CS+ compared with the CS- in the novel context was evident only in the Met-carrying group. These are the first results to provide evidence in humans that BDNF modulates the generalization of fear responses. Such context-dependent generalization processes might predispose Met carriers for affective and anxiety disorders.
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244
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Immunohistochemical localization of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the superior olivary complex of mice after radiofrequency exposure. Neurosci Lett 2014; 564:78-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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245
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Okihara H, Ito JI, Kokai S, Ishida T, Hiranuma M, Kato C, Yabushita T, Ishida K, Ono T, Michikawa M. Liquid diet induces memory impairment accompanied by a decreased number of hippocampal neurons in mice. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1010-7. [PMID: 24687840 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that masticatory dysfunction affects the central nervous system; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, TrkB, are known to play important roles in memory and learning. In this study, we examined the effects of mastication on memory, the expression levels of BDNF and TrkB, and the number of neurons in the hippocampus of mice. Male C57 BL/6J mice (3 weeks old) were randomly divided into the control group (N = 7) fed chow pellets and the experimental group (N = 7) fed a liquid diet, which reduces mastication during eating. At 14 weeks of age, we performed a passive avoidance test and found that memory and learning ability were impaired in the experimental group compared with the control group. After the behavioral experiment, brains were harvested and analyzed morphologically and biochemically. In the hippocampus of the experimental group, the expression levels of BDNF were significantly higher, whereas those of TrkB were lower than those of the control group. In the cerebral cortex, these levels remained unchanged between the two groups. The ratio of phospho-p44/42 ERK/pan ERK, a downstream molecule of BDNF/TrkB signaling, in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group in the cortex and hippocampus. The number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. These findings suggest that reduced mastication induced by a liquid diet in early childhood may impair memory and learning ability, accompanied by neuronal loss in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Okihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Orthodontic Science, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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246
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Iulita MF, Do Carmo S, Ower AK, Fortress AM, Flores Aguilar L, Hanna M, Wisniewski T, Granholm AC, Buhusi M, Busciglio J, Cuello AC. Nerve growth factor metabolic dysfunction in Down's syndrome brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:860-72. [PMID: 24519975 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons play a key role in cognition. This neuronal system is highly dependent on NGF for its synaptic integrity and the phenotypic maintenance of its cell bodies. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons progressively degenerate in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome, and their atrophy contributes to the manifestation of dementia. Paradoxically, in Alzheimer's disease brains, the synthesis of NGF is not affected and there is abundance of the NGF precursor, proNGF. We have shown that this phenomenon is the result of a deficit in NGF's extracellular metabolism that compromises proNGF maturation and exacerbates its subsequent degradation. We hypothesized that a similar imbalance should be present in Down's syndrome. Using a combination of quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and zymography, we investigated signs of NGF metabolic dysfunction in post-mortem brains from the temporal (n = 14), frontal (n = 34) and parietal (n = 20) cortex obtained from subjects with Down's syndrome and age-matched controls (age range 31-68 years). We further examined primary cultures of human foetal Down's syndrome cortex (17-21 gestational age weeks) and brains from Ts65Dn mice (12-22 months), a widely used animal model of Down's syndrome. We report a significant increase in proNGF levels in human and mouse Down's syndrome brains, with a concomitant reduction in the levels of plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator messenger RNA as well as an increment in neuroserpin expression; enzymes that partake in proNGF maturation. Human Down's syndrome brains also exhibited elevated zymogenic activity of MMP9, the major NGF-degrading protease. Our results indicate a failure in NGF precursor maturation in Down's syndrome brains and a likely enhanced proteolytic degradation of NGF, changes which can compromise the trophic support of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. The alterations in proNGF and MMP9 were also present in cultures of Down's syndrome foetal cortex; suggesting that this trophic compromise may be amenable to rescue, before frank dementia onset. Our study thus provides a novel paradigm for cholinergic neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florencia Iulita
- 1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Sir-William-Osler Promenade, Montreal, H3G1Y6, Canada
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247
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Tchetchelnitski V, van den Eijnden M, Schmidt F, Stoker AW. Developmental co-expression and functional redundancy of tyrosine phosphatases with neurotrophin receptors in developing sensory neurons. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 34:48-59. [PMID: 24491805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) have been implicated as direct or indirect regulators of neurotrophin receptors (TRKs). It remains less clear if and how such RPTPs might regulate TRK proteins in vivo during development. Here we present a comparative expression profile of RPTP genes and Trk genes during early stages of murine, dorsal root ganglion maturation. We find little if any specific, temporal mRNA co-regulation between individual RPTP and Ntrk genes between E12.5 and E14.5. Moreover, a double fluorescent in-situ hybridization and immunofluorescence study of seven Rptp genes with Ntrks revealed widespread co-expression of RPTPs in individual neurons, but no tight correlation with Trk expression profiles. No Rptp is expressed in 100% of Ntrk1-expressing neurons, whereas at least 6 RPTPs are expressed in 100% of Ntrk2- and Ntrk3-expressing neurons. An exception is Ptpro, which showed very selective expression. Short hairpin RNA suppression of Ptprf, Ptprs or Ptpro in primary, E13.5 DRG neurons did not alter TRK signalling. We therefore propose that TRK signalling may not be simply dependent on rate-limiting regulation by individual RPTP subtypes during sensory neuron development. Instead, TRK signalling has the potential to be buffered by concurrent inputs from several RPTPs in individual neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/embryology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Mice
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR
- Sensory Receptor Cells/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Tchetchelnitski
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fanny Schmidt
- MERCK SERONO SA.-Geneva, 9 Chemin des Mines, CH-1202 Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Andrew W Stoker
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
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248
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Li X, Guo F, Zhang Q, Huo T, Liu L, Wei H, Xiong L, Wang Q. Electroacupuncture decreases cognitive impairment and promotes neurogenesis in the APP/PS1 transgenic mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:37. [PMID: 24447795 PMCID: PMC3907495 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether repeated electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation would improve cognitive function and the pathological features of AD in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) double transgenic mice. METHODS Cognitive function of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice was assessed using the Morris water maze test before and after EA treatment. Levels of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) deposits in the hippocampus and cortex were evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also examined by immunofluorescence and western blot. The neurogenesis was labeled by the DNA marker bromodeoxyuridine. RESULTS EA stimulation significantly ameliorated the learning and memory deficits of AD mice by shortening escape latency and increasing the time spent in the target zone during the probe test. Additionally, decreased Aβ deposits and increased BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus and cortex of EA-treated AD mice were detected. The same change was detected in wild-type mice after EA treatment compared with wild-type mice without EA treatment. CONCLUSIONS Repeated EA stimulation may improve cognitive function, attenuate Aβ deposits, up-regulate the expression of BDNF and promote neurogenesis in the APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. This suggests that EA may be a promising treatment for AD.
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249
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Ten Doesschate F, van Eijndhoven P, Tendolkar I, van Wingen GA, van Waarde JA. Pre-treatment amygdala volume predicts electroconvulsive therapy response. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:169. [PMID: 25505429 PMCID: PMC4244657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for patients with severe depression. Knowledge on factors predicting therapeutic response may help to identify patients who will benefit most from the intervention. Based on the neuroplasticity hypothesis, volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus are possible candidates for predicting treatment outcome. Therefore, this prospective cohort study examines the predictive value of amygdala and hippocampal volumes for the effectiveness of ECT. METHODS Prior to ECT, 53 severely unipolar depressed patients [mean age 57 ± 14 years; 40% (n = 21) male] received structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T. Normalized amygdala and hippocampal volumes were calculated based on automatic segmentation by FreeSurfer (FS). Regression analyses were used to test if the normalized volumes could predict the response to a course of ECT based on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores. RESULTS A larger amygdala volume independently and significantly predicted a lower post-ECT MADRS score (β = -0.347, P = 0.013). The left amygdala volume had greater predictive value for treatment outcome relative to the right amygdala volume. Hippocampal volume had no independent predictive value. CONCLUSION A larger pre-treatment amygdala volume predicted more effective ECT, independent of other known predictors. Almost all patients continued their medication during the study, which might have influenced the course of treatment in ways that were not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Faculty of Medicine, LVR Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands ; Brain Imaging Center, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
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250
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Vinberg M, Miskowiak K, Kessing LV. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels as a possible predictor of psychopathology in healthy twins at high and low risk for affective disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 39:179-183. [PMID: 24112874 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a potential biomarker of affective disorder. However, longitudinal studies evaluating a potential predictive role of BDNF on subsequent psychopathology are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate whether BDNF alone or in interaction with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism predict onset of affective disorder in healthy individuals at heritable risk for affective disorder. In a high-risk study, we assessed whole blood levels of BDNF in 234 healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twins with or without a co-twin history of affective disorder (high and low risk twins, respectively). Participants were followed up longitudinally with questionnaires at 6-month intervals for mean seven years and then reassessed with a personal interview to obtain information about whether they had developed psychiatric illness. At follow-up 36 participants (15.4%) had developed psychiatric disorder. Cox regression analysis revealed that BDNF levels at baseline were not associated with onset of illness in this explorative study. Further, two-way interactions between BDNF levels and the Val66Met polymorphism or between familial risk and the Val66Met polymorphism did not predict illness onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Vinberg
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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