201
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Li M, Shah M, Binder M, Lasho T, Carr R, Mangaonkar A, Gangat N, Coltro G, Tefferi A, Dao L, Peters M, Chiu A, Patnaik MM. Cutaneous blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm arising in the context of TET2 and ZRSR2 mutated clonal cytopenias of unknown significance, secondary to somatic copy number losses involving CDK2NA/2NB and MTAP. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:E31-E34. [PMID: 31705546 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Li
- Department of Internal MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Mithun Shah
- Department of Internal MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Moritz Binder
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Terra Lasho
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Ryan Carr
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Abhishek Mangaonkar
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Naseema Gangat
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Giacomo Coltro
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Linda Dao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Margot Peters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - April Chiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
| | - Mrinal M. Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineMayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
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202
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Jariyal H, Weinberg F, Achreja A, Nagarath D, Srivastava A. Synthetic lethality: a step forward for personalized medicine in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:305-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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203
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MTAP-deficiency could predict better treatment response in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients initially treated with pemetrexed-platinum chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Sci Rep 2020; 10:843. [PMID: 31965001 PMCID: PMC6972892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the predictive value of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) on treatment response and survival in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. MTAP expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Treatment response and survival were compared according to MTAP expression level. The results indicated MTAP-low expression was observed in 61.2% (101/165) of all patients. The objective response rate and disease control rate improved in the MTAP-low group (64.4% vs 46.9%, p = 0.035; 92.1% vs. 79.7%, p = 0.03; respectively). The median progression-free survival and survival time in the MTAP-low group were significantly lower than that in the MTAP-high group (8.1 vs. 13.1 months, p = 0.002; 22 vs. 32 months, p = 0.044). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that brain metastasis (HR 1.55, p = 0.046), thoracic radiation (HR 0.52, p = 0.026), and MTAP-low expression (HR 1.36, p = 0.038) were independent factors on survival. It is concluded that MTAP-low expression could predict improved treatment response but worsened survival in advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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204
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Pharmacological polyamine catabolism upregulation with methionine salvage pathway inhibition as an effective prostate cancer therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 31911608 PMCID: PMC6946658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatic luminal epithelial cells secrete high levels of acetylated polyamines into the prostatic lumen, sensitizing them to perturbations of connected metabolic pathways. Enhanced flux is driven by spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) activity, which acetylates polyamines leading to their secretion and drives biosynthetic demand. The methionine salvage pathway recycles one-carbon units lost to polyamine biosynthesis to the methionine cycle to overcome stress. Prostate cancer (CaP) relies on methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), the rate-limiting enzyme, to relieve strain. Here, we show that inhibition of MTAP alongside SSAT upregulation is synergistic in androgen sensitive and castration recurrent CaP models in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment increases apoptosis in radical prostatectomy ex vivo explant samples. This unique high metabolic flux through polyamine biosynthesis and connected one carbon metabolism in CaP creates a metabolic dependency. Enhancing this flux while simultaneously targeting this dependency in prostate cancer results in an effective therapeutic approach potentially translatable to the clinic. Prostate cancer cells depend on MTAP, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the methionine salvage pathway, to cope with increased polyamine biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that inducing upregulation of polyamine biosynthesis and targeting MTAP synergize to increase apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
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205
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Joly JH, Delfarah A, Phung PS, Parrish S, Graham NA. A synthetic lethal drug combination mimics glucose deprivation–induced cancer cell death in the presence of glucose. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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206
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Urso L, Cavallari I, Sharova E, Ciccarese F, Pasello G, Ciminale V. Metabolic rewiring and redox alterations in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:52-61. [PMID: 31819191 PMCID: PMC6964675 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy of mesothelial cells with increasing incidence, and in many cases, dismal prognosis due to its aggressiveness and lack of effective therapies. Environmental and occupational exposure to asbestos is considered the main aetiological factor for MPM. Inhaled asbestos fibres accumulate in the lungs and induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the presence of iron associated with the fibrous silicates and to the activation of macrophages and inflammation. Chronic inflammation and a ROS-enriched microenvironment can foster the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells. In addition, MPM cells have a highly glycolytic metabolic profile and are positive in 18F-FDG PET analysis. Loss-of-function mutations of BRCA-associated protein 1 (BAP1) are a major contributor to the metabolic rewiring of MPM cells. A subset of MPM tumours show loss of the methyladenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) locus, resulting in profound alterations in polyamine metabolism, ATP and methionine salvage pathways, as well as changes in epigenetic control of gene expression. This review provides an overview of the perturbations in metabolism and ROS homoeostasis of MPM cells and the role of these alterations in malignant transformation and tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy.
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207
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Joly JH, Delfarah A, Phung PS, Parrish S, Graham NA. A synthetic lethal drug combination mimics glucose deprivation-induced cancer cell death in the presence of glucose. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1350-1365. [PMID: 31914417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells can increase their dependence on metabolic substrates such as glucose. As such, the vulnerability of cancer cells to glucose deprivation creates an attractive opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Because it is not possible to starve tumors of glucose in vivo, here we sought to identify the mechanisms in glucose deprivation-induced cancer cell death and then designed inhibitor combinations to mimic glucose deprivation-induced cell death. Using metabolomic profiling, we found that cells undergoing glucose deprivation-induced cell death exhibited dramatic accumulation of intracellular l-cysteine and its oxidized dimer, l-cystine, and depletion of the antioxidant GSH. Building on this observation, we show that glucose deprivation-induced cell death is driven not by the lack of glucose, but rather by l-cystine import. Following glucose deprivation, the import of l-cystine and its subsequent reduction to l-cysteine depleted both NADPH and GSH pools, thereby allowing toxic accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Consistent with this model, we found that the glutamate/cystine antiporter (xCT) is required for increased sensitivity to glucose deprivation. We searched for glycolytic enzymes whose expression is essential for the survival of cancer cells with high xCT expression and identified glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1). Testing a drug combination that co-targeted GLUT1 and GSH synthesis, we found that this combination induces synthetic lethal cell death in high xCT-expressing cell lines susceptible to glucose deprivation. These results indicate that co-targeting GLUT1 and GSH synthesis may offer a potential therapeutic approach for targeting tumors dependent on glucose for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Joly
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Alireza Delfarah
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Philip S Phung
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Sydney Parrish
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, .,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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208
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Driehuis E, van Hoeck A, Moore K, Kolders S, Francies HE, Gulersonmez MC, Stigter ECA, Burgering B, Geurts V, Gracanin A, Bounova G, Morsink FH, Vries R, Boj S, van Es J, Offerhaus GJA, Kranenburg O, Garnett MJ, Wessels L, Cuppen E, Brosens LAA, Clevers H. Pancreatic cancer organoids recapitulate disease and allow personalized drug screening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26580-26590. [PMID: 31818951 PMCID: PMC6936689 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911273116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the derivation of 30 patient-derived organoid lines (PDOs) from tumors arising in the pancreas and distal bile duct. PDOs recapitulate tumor histology and contain genetic alterations typical of pancreatic cancer. In vitro testing of a panel of 76 therapeutic agents revealed sensitivities currently not exploited in the clinic, and underscores the importance of personalized approaches for effective cancer treatment. The PRMT5 inhibitor EZP015556, shown to target MTAP (a gene commonly lost in pancreatic cancer)-negative tumors, was validated as such, but also appeared to constitute an effective therapy for a subset of MTAP-positive tumors. Taken together, the work presented here provides a platform to identify novel therapeutics to target pancreatic tumor cells using PDOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Driehuis
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne van Hoeck
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kat Moore
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Kolders
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Can Gulersonmez
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin C. A. Stigter
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Burgering
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Geurts
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Gracanin
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Gergana Bounova
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert H. Morsink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Vries
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van Es
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Johan A. Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Utrecht Platform for Organoid Technology, Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Personalized Cancer Treatment,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A. A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center, Utrecht 3584 CS, The Netherlands
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209
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Ferreira de Freitas R, Ivanochko D, Schapira M. Methyltransferase Inhibitors: Competing with, or Exploiting the Bound Cofactor. Molecules 2019; 24:E4492. [PMID: 31817960 PMCID: PMC6943651 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) are enzymes involved in epigenetic mechanisms, DNA repair, and other cellular machineries critical to cellular identity and function, and are an important target class in chemical biology and drug discovery. Central to the enzymatic reaction is the transfer of a methyl group from the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a substrate protein. Here we review how the essentiality of SAM for catalysis is exploited by chemical inhibitors. Occupying the cofactor binding pocket to compete with SAM can be hindered by the hydrophilic nature of this site, but structural studies of compounds now in the clinic revealed that inhibitors could either occupy juxtaposed pockets to overlap minimally, but sufficiently with the bound cofactor, or induce large conformational remodeling leading to a more druggable binding site. Rather than competing with the cofactor, other inhibitors compete with the substrate and rely on bound SAM, either to allosterically stabilize the substrate binding site, or for direct SAM-inhibitor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ferreira de Freitas
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Rua Arcturus 3, São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Danton Ivanochko
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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210
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Gao G, Zhang L, Villarreal OD, He W, Su D, Bedford E, Moh P, Shen J, Shi X, Bedford MT, Xu H. PRMT1 loss sensitizes cells to PRMT5 inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:5038-5048. [PMID: 30916320 PMCID: PMC6547413 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PRMT5 is an arginine methyltransferase that accounts for the vast majority of the symmetric methylation in cells. PRMT5 exerts its function when complexed with MEP50/WDR77. This activity is often elevated in cancer cells and correlates with poor prognosis, making PRMT5 a therapeutic target. To investigate the PRMT5 signaling pathway and to identify genes whose loss-of-function sensitizes cancer cells to PRMT5 inhibition, we performed a CRISPR/Cas9 genetic screen in the presence of a PRMT5 inhibitor. We identified known components of the PRMT5 writer/reader pathway including PRMT5 itself, MEP50/WDR77, PPP4C, SMNDC1 and SRSF3. Interestingly, loss of PRMT1, the major asymmetric arginine methyltransferase, also sensitizes cells to PRMT5 inhibition. We investigated the interplay between PRMT5 and PRMT1, and found that combinatorial inhibitor treatment of small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer cell models have a synergistic effect. Furthermore, MTAP-deleted cells, which harbor an attenuated PRMT5–MEP50 signaling pathway, are generally more sensitive to PRMT1 inhibition. Together, these findings demonstrate that there is a degree of redundancy between the PRMT5 and PRMT1 pathways, even though these two enzymes deposit different types of arginine methylation marks. Targeting this redundancy provides a vulnerability for tumors carrying a co-deletion of MTAP and the adjacent CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Gao
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Oscar D Villarreal
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ella Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Phoebe Moh
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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211
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PRMT5 Regulates DNA Repair by Controlling the Alternative Splicing of Histone-Modifying Enzymes. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2643-2657. [PMID: 30184499 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is overexpressed in many cancer types and is a promising therapeutic target for several of them, including leukemia and lymphoma. However, we and others have reported that PRMT5 is essential for normal physiology. This dependence may become dose limiting in a therapeutic setting, warranting the search for combinatorial approaches. Here, we report that PRMT5 depletion or inhibition impairs homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair, leading to DNA-damage accumulation, p53 activation, cell-cycle arrest, and cell death. PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates histone and non-histone substrates, including several components of the RNA splicing machinery. We find that PRMT5 depletion or inhibition induces aberrant splicing of the multifunctional histone-modifying and DNA-repair factor TIP60/KAT5, which selectively affects its lysine acetyltransferase activity and leads to impaired HR. As HR deficiency sensitizes cells to PARP inhibitors, we demonstrate here that PRMT5 and PARP inhibitors have synergistic effects on acute myeloid leukemia cells.
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212
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Boudreau MW, Peh J, Hergenrother PJ. Procaspase-3 Overexpression in Cancer: A Paradoxical Observation with Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2335-2348. [PMID: 31260254 PMCID: PMC6858495 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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213
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Synthetic lethality as an engine for cancer drug target discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 19:23-38. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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214
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Strobl CD, Schaffer S, Haug T, Völkl S, Peter K, Singer K, Böttcher M, Mougiakakos D, Mackensen A, Aigner M. Selective PRMT5 Inhibitors Suppress Human CD8+ T Cells by Upregulation of p53 and Impairment of the AKT Pathway Similar to the Tumor Metabolite MTA. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 19:409-419. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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215
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Sanderson SM, Gao X, Dai Z, Locasale JW. Methionine metabolism in health and cancer: a nexus of diet and precision medicine. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:625-637. [PMID: 31515518 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methionine uptake and metabolism is involved in a host of cellular functions including methylation reactions, redox maintenance, polyamine synthesis and coupling to folate metabolism, thus coordinating nucleotide and redox status. Each of these functions has been shown in many contexts to be relevant for cancer pathogenesis. Intriguingly, the levels of methionine obtained from the diet can have a large effect on cellular methionine metabolism. This establishes a link between nutrition and tumour cell metabolism that may allow for tumour-specific metabolic vulnerabilities that can be influenced by diet. Recently, a number of studies have begun to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the interaction between nutrition, methionine metabolism and effects on health and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Sanderson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ziwei Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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216
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Jarrold J, Davies CC. PRMTs and Arginine Methylation: Cancer's Best-Kept Secret? Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:993-1009. [PMID: 31230909 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is vital for increasing proteome diversity and maintaining cellular homeostasis. If the writing, reading, and removal of modifications are not controlled, cancer can develop. Arginine methylation is an understudied modification that is increasingly associated with cancer progression. Consequently protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), the writers of arginine methylation, have rapidly gained interest as novel drug targets. However, for clinical success a deep mechanistic understanding of the biology of PRMTs is required. In this review we focus on advances made regarding the role of PRMTs in stem cell biology, epigenetics, splicing, immune surveillance and the DNA damage response, and highlight the rapid rise of specific inhibitors that are now in clinical trials for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Jarrold
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Clare C Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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217
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PRMT5 methylome profiling uncovers a direct link to splicing regulation in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:999-1012. [PMID: 31611688 PMCID: PMC6858565 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has emerged as a promising cancer drug target, and three PRMT5 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for multiple malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of PRMT5 in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using an enzymatic dead version of PRMT5 and a PRMT5-specific inhibitor, we demonstrated the requirement of the catalytic activity of PRMT5 for the survival of AML cells. We then identified PRMT5 substrates using multiplexed quantitative proteomics and investigated their role in the survival of AML cells. We found that the function of the splicing regulator SRSF1 relies on its methylation by PRMT5 and that loss of PRMT5 leads to changes in alternative splicing of multiple essential genes. This explains the requirement of PRMT5 for leukemia cell survival. We show that PRMT5 regulates binding of SRSF1 to mRNAs and proteins and provide potential biomarkers for the treatment response to PRMT5 inhibitors.
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218
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Ben-David U, Amon A. Context is everything: aneuploidy in cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 21:44-62. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-019-0171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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219
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Tsang CM, Lui VWY, Bruce JP, Pugh TJ, Lo KW. Translational genomics of nasopharyngeal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:84-100. [PMID: 31521748 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), also named the Cantonese cancer, is a unique cancer with strong etiological association with infection of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). With particularly high prevalence in Southeast Asia, the involvement of EBV and genetic aberrations contributive to NPC tumorigenesis have remained unclear for decades. Recently, genomic analysis of NPC has defined it as a genetically homogeneous cancer, driven largely by NF-κB signaling caused by either somatic aberrations of NF-κB negative regulators or by overexpression of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), an EBV viral oncoprotein. This represents a landmark finding of the NPC genome. Exome and RNA sequencing data from new EBV-positive NPC models also highlight the importance of PI3K pathway aberrations in NPC. We also realize for the first time that NPC mutational burden, mutational signatures, MAPK/PI3K aberrations, and MHC Class I gene aberrations, are prognostic for patient outcome. Together, these multiple genomic discoveries begin to shape the focus of NPC therapy development. Given the challenge of NF-κB targeting in human cancers, more innovative drug discovery approaches should be explored to target the unique atypical NF-κB activation feature of NPC. Our next decade of NPC research should focus on further identification of the -omic landscapes of recurrent and metastatic NPC, development of gene-based precision medicines, as well as large-scale drug screening with the newly developed and well-characterized EBV-positive NPC models. Focused preclinical and clinical investigations on these major directions may identify new and effective targeting strategies to further improve survival of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Vivian Wai Yan Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jeffrey P Bruce
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Trevor J Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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220
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AbuHammad S, Cullinane C, Martin C, Bacolas Z, Ward T, Chen H, Slater A, Ardley K, Kirby L, Chan KT, Brajanovski N, Smith LK, Rao AD, Lelliott EJ, Kleinschmidt M, Vergara IA, Papenfuss AT, Lau P, Ghosh P, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Sanij E, Poortinga G, Pearson RB, Falk H, Curtis DJ, Stupple P, Devlin M, Street I, Davies MA, McArthur GA, Sheppard KE. Regulation of PRMT5-MDM4 axis is critical in the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17990-18000. [PMID: 31439820 PMCID: PMC6731642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901323116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are an established treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and are currently in clinical development in melanoma, a tumor that exhibits high rates of CDK4 activation. We analyzed melanoma cells with acquired resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and demonstrate that the activity of PRMT5, a protein arginine methyltransferase and indirect target of CDK4, is essential for CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. By indirectly suppressing PRMT5 activity, palbociclib alters the pre-mRNA splicing of MDM4, a negative regulator of p53, leading to decreased MDM4 protein expression and subsequent p53 activation. In turn, p53 induces p21, leading to inhibition of CDK2, the main kinase substituting for CDK4/6 and a key driver of resistance to palbociclib. Loss of the ability of palbociclib to regulate the PRMT5-MDM4 axis leads to resistance. Importantly, combining palbociclib with the PRMT5 inhibitor GSK3326595 enhances the efficacy of palbociclib in treating naive and resistant models and also delays the emergence of resistance. Our studies have uncovered a mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors in regulating the MDM4 oncogene and the tumor suppressor, p53. Furthermore, we have established that palbociclib inhibition of the PRMT5-MDM4 axis is essential for robust melanoma cell sensitivity and provide preclinical evidence that coinhibition of CDK4/6 and PRMT5 is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy. Overall, our data provide a strong rationale for further investigation of novel combinations of CDK4/6 and PRMT5 inhibitors, not only in melanoma but other tumor types, including breast, pancreatic, and esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha AbuHammad
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Claire Martin
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Zoe Bacolas
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Teresa Ward
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Alison Slater
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kerry Ardley
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Laura Kirby
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Keefe T Chan
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lorey K Smith
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Aparna D Rao
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Emily J Lelliott
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Ismael A Vergara
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Research Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Research Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Peter Lau
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prerana Ghosh
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hendrik Falk
- Research Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Department of Clinical Hematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Division of Blood Cancer Research, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul Stupple
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark Devlin
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ian Street
- Research Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen E Sheppard
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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221
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Zhu F, Rui L. PRMT5 in gene regulation and hematologic malignancies. Genes Dis 2019; 6:247-257. [PMID: 32042864 PMCID: PMC6997592 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification that governs important cellular processes and impacts development, cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Arginine methylation is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which are classified as type I and type II enzymes responsible for the formation of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, respectively. PRMT5 is the main type II enzyme that catalyzes symmetric dimethylarginine of histone proteins to induce gene silencing by generating repressive histone marks, including H2AR3me2s, H3R8me2s, and H4R3me2s. PRMT5 can also methylate nonhistone proteins such as the transcription factors p53, E2F1 and p65. Modifications of these proteins by PRMT5 are involved in diverse cellular processes, including transcription, translation, DNA repair, RNA processing, and metabolism. A growing literature demonstrates that PRMT5 expression is upregulated in hematologic malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma, where PRMT5 regulates gene expression to promote cancer cell proliferation. Targeting PRMT5 by specific inhibitors has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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222
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Zhou W, Wahl DR. Metabolic Abnormalities in Glioblastoma and Metabolic Strategies to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091231. [PMID: 31450721 PMCID: PMC6770393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor and is nearly universally fatal. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have had limited success in GBM, leaving surgery, alkylating chemotherapy and ionizing radiation as the standards of care. Like most cancers, GBMs rewire metabolism to fuel survival, proliferation, and invasion. Emerging evidence suggests that this metabolic reprogramming also mediates resistance to the standard-of-care therapies used to treat GBM. In this review, we discuss the noteworthy metabolic features of GBM, the key pathways that reshape tumor metabolism, and how inhibiting abnormal metabolism may be able to overcome the inherent resistance of GBM to radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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223
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Fong JY, Pignata L, Goy PA, Kawabata KC, Lee SCW, Koh CM, Musiani D, Massignani E, Kotini AG, Penson A, Wun CM, Shen Y, Schwarz M, Low DH, Rialdi A, Ki M, Wollmann H, Mzoughi S, Gay F, Thompson C, Hart T, Barbash O, Luciani GM, Szewczyk MM, Wouters BJ, Delwel R, Papapetrou EP, Barsyte-Lovejoy D, Arrowsmith CH, Minden MD, Jin J, Melnick A, Bonaldi T, Abdel-Wahab O, Guccione E. Therapeutic Targeting of RNA Splicing Catalysis through Inhibition of Protein Arginine Methylation. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:194-209.e9. [PMID: 31408619 PMCID: PMC7194031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mutations in genes encoding RNA splicing factors (SFs) commonly occur in leukemias, as well as in a variety of solid tumors, and confer dependence on wild-type splicing. These observations have led to clinical efforts to directly inhibit the spliceosome in patients with refractory leukemias. Here, we identify that inhibiting symmetric or asymmetric dimethylation of arginine, mediated by PRMT5 and type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), respectively, reduces splicing fidelity and results in preferential killing of SF-mutant leukemias over wild-type counterparts. These data identify genetic subsets of cancer most likely to respond to PRMT inhibition, synergistic effects of combined PRMT5 and type I PRMT inhibition, and a mechanistic basis for the therapeutic efficacy of PRMT inhibition in cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Catalysis
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Ethylenediamines/pharmacokinetics
- Ethylenediamines/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/genetics
- Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Pyrroles/pharmacokinetics
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- RNA Splicing/drug effects
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- THP-1 Cells
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi Fong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Luca Pignata
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Pierre-Alexis Goy
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Stanley Chun-Wei Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cheryl M Koh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Daniele Musiani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Massignani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Andriana G Kotini
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alex Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cheng Mun Wun
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Yudao Shen
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan Schwarz
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Hp Low
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Alexander Rialdi
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michelle Ki
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Heike Wollmann
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Slim Mzoughi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Florence Gay
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | - Timothy Hart
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Genna M Luciani
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Magdalena M Szewczyk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bas J Wouters
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tiziana Bonaldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Ernesto Guccione
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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224
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Tewary SK, Zheng YG, Ho MC. Protein arginine methyltransferases: insights into the enzyme structure and mechanism at the atomic level. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2917-2932. [PMID: 31123777 PMCID: PMC6741777 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methyl transfer to the arginine residues of protein substrates and are classified into three major types based on the final form of the methylated arginine. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between PRMT expression level and the prognosis of cancer patients. Currently, crystal structures of eight PRMT members have been determined. Kinetic and structural studies have shown that all PRMTs share similar, but unique catalytic and substrate recognition mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural similarities and differences of different PRMT members, focusing on their overall structure, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding pocket, substrate arginine recognition and catalytic mechanisms. Since PRMTs are valuable targets for drug discovery, we also rationally classify the known PRMT inhibitors into five classes and discuss their mechanisms of action at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y George Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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225
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The regulation, functions and clinical relevance of arginine methylation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:642-657. [PMID: 31350521 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is involved in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes, including transcription, RNA processing, signal transduction cascades, the DNA damage response and liquid-liquid phase separation. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of experimental tools and the identification of clinically relevant PRMT inhibitors. In this review, we discuss the regulation of PRMTs, their various cellular roles and the clinical relevance of PRMT inhibitors for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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226
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Lin H, Wang M, Zhang YW, Tong S, Leal RA, Shetty R, Vaddi K, Luengo JI. Discovery of Potent and Selective Covalent Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1033-1038. [PMID: 31312404 PMCID: PMC6627734 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is known to symmetrically dimethylate numerous cytosolic and nuclear proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent findings have revealed its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. PRMT5 possesses a cysteine (C449) in the active site, unique to PRMT5. Therefore, covalent PRMT5 inhibition is an attractive chemical approach. Herein, we report an exciting discovery of a series of novel hemiaminals that under physiological conditions can be converted to aldehydes and react with C449 to form covalent adducts, which presumably undergo an unprecedented elimination to form the thiol-vinyl ethers, as indicated by electron density in the co-crystal structure of the PRMT5/MEP50 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yang W. Zhang
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Shuilong Tong
- VIVA Biotech Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Raul A. Leal
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Rupa Shetty
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Juan I. Luengo
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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227
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Tang Y, El-Chemaly S, Taveira-Dasilva A, Goldberg HJ, Bagwe S, Rosas IO, Moss J, Priolo C, Henske EP. Alterations in Polyamine Metabolism in Patients With Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 2-Deficient Cells. Chest 2019; 156:1137-1148. [PMID: 31299246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a destructive lung disease that affects primarily women, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2, leading to hyperactivation of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Rapamycin (sirolimus) treatment suppresses mTORC1 but also induces autophagy, which promotes the survival of TSC2-deficient cells. Based on the hypothesis that simultaneous inhibition of mTORC1 and autophagy would limit the availability of critical nutrients and inhibit LAM cells, we conducted a phase 1 clinical trial of sirolimus and hydroxychloroquine for LAM. Here, we report the analyses of plasma metabolomic profiles from the clinical trial. METHODS We analyzed the plasma metabolome in samples obtained before, during, and after 6 months of treatment with sirolimus and hydroxychloroquine, using univariate statistical models and machine learning approaches. Metabolites and metabolic pathways were validated in TSC2-deficient cells derived from patients with LAM. Single-cell RNA-Seq was employed to assess metabolic enzymes in an early-passage culture from an LAM lung. RESULTS Metabolomic profiling revealed changes in polyamine metabolism during treatment, with 5'-methylthioadenosine and arginine among the most highly upregulated metabolites. Similar findings were observed in TSC2-deficient cells derived from patients with LAM. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of primary LAM cultured cells revealed that mTORC1 inhibition upregulated key enzymes in the polyamine metabolism pathway, including adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that polyamine metabolic pathways are targeted by the combination of rapamycin and hydroxychloroquine, leading to upregulation of 5'-methylthioadenosine and arginine in the plasma of patients with LAM and in TSC2-deficient cells derived from a patient with LAM upon treatment with this drug combination. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT01687179; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Partners Human Research Committee, protocol No. 2012P000669.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angelo Taveira-Dasilva
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hilary J Goldberg
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shefali Bagwe
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carmen Priolo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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228
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Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Fedoriw and colleagues characterize a potent reversible inhibitor of type I PRMTs, GSK3368715, with anti-proliferative effects on numerous cancer types. Using a combination of GSK3368715 with PRMT5 inhibitors, the authors show that a threshold of overall arginine methylation reduction needs to be achieved for synergistic anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivine Srour
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sofiane Y Mersaoui
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Departments of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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229
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Fedoriw A, Rajapurkar SR, O'Brien S, Gerhart SV, Mitchell LH, Adams ND, Rioux N, Lingaraj T, Ribich SA, Pappalardi MB, Shah N, Laraio J, Liu Y, Butticello M, Carpenter CL, Creasy C, Korenchuk S, McCabe MT, McHugh CF, Nagarajan R, Wagner C, Zappacosta F, Annan R, Concha NO, Thomas RA, Hart TK, Smith JJ, Copeland RA, Moyer MP, Campbell J, Stickland K, Mills J, Jacques-O'Hagan S, Allain C, Johnston D, Raimondi A, Porter Scott M, Waters N, Swinger K, Boriack-Sjodin A, Riera T, Shapiro G, Chesworth R, Prinjha RK, Kruger RG, Barbash O, Mohammad HP. Anti-tumor Activity of the Type I PRMT Inhibitor, GSK3368715, Synergizes with PRMT5 Inhibition through MTAP Loss. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:100-114.e25. [PMID: 31257072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze asymmetric dimethylation of arginines on proteins. Type I PRMTs and their substrates have been implicated in human cancers, suggesting inhibition of type I PRMTs may offer a therapeutic approach for oncology. The current report describes GSK3368715 (EPZ019997), a potent, reversible type I PRMT inhibitor with anti-tumor effects in human cancer models. Inhibition of PRMT5, the predominant type II PRMT, produces synergistic cancer cell growth inhibition when combined with GSK3368715. Interestingly, deletion of the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase gene (MTAP) results in accumulation of the metabolite 2-methylthioadenosine, an endogenous inhibitor of PRMT5, and correlates with sensitivity to GSK3368715 in cell lines. These data provide rationale to explore MTAP status as a biomarker strategy for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fedoriw
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Shane O'Brien
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Sarah V Gerhart
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Nicholas D Adams
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Niyant Shah
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jenny Laraio
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Chris L Carpenter
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Caretha Creasy
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Susan Korenchuk
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Michael T McCabe
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Charles F McHugh
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Raman Nagarajan
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Craig Wagner
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Roland Annan
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Nestor O Concha
- Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Roberta A Thomas
- Nonclinical Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Timothy K Hart
- Nonclinical Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Riera
- Epizyme, Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan G Kruger
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Helai P Mohammad
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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230
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Hansen LJ, Sun R, Yang R, Singh SX, Chen LH, Pirozzi CJ, Moure CJ, Hemphill C, Carpenter AB, Healy P, Ruger RC, Chen CPJ, Greer PK, Zhao F, Spasojevic I, Grenier C, Huang Z, Murphy SK, McLendon RE, Friedman HS, Friedman AH, Herndon JE, Sampson JH, Keir ST, Bigner DD, Yan H, He Y. MTAP Loss Promotes Stemness in Glioblastoma and Confers Unique Susceptibility to Purine Starvation. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3383-3394. [PMID: 31040154 PMCID: PMC6810595 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous deletion of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in glioblastoma (GBM), but its pathologic consequences remain unclear. In this study, we report that loss of MTAP results in profound epigenetic reprogramming characterized by hypomethylation of PROM1/CD133-associated stem cell regulatory pathways. MTAP deficiency promotes glioma stem-like cell (GSC) formation with increased expression of PROM1/CD133 and enhanced tumorigenicity of GBM cells and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. As a combined consequence of purine production deficiency in MTAP-null GBM and the critical dependence of GSCs on purines, the enriched subset of CD133+ cells in MTAP-null GBM can be effectively depleted by inhibition of de novo purine synthesis. These findings suggest that MTAP loss promotes the pathogenesis of GBM by shaping the epigenetic landscape and stemness of GBM cells while simultaneously providing a unique opportunity for GBM therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: This study links the frequently mutated metabolic enzyme MTAP to dysregulated epigenetics and cancer cell stemness and establishes MTAP status as a factor for consideration in characterizing GBM and developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon J Hansen
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ran Sun
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Yang
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Simranjit X Singh
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lee H Chen
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher J Pirozzi
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Casey J Moure
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carlee Hemphill
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Austin B Carpenter
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Patrick Healy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ryan C Ruger
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chin-Pu J Chen
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paula K Greer
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Fangping Zhao
- Genetron Health Technologies, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carole Grenier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Roger E McLendon
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Henry S Friedman
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allan H Friedman
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James E Herndon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - John H Sampson
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephen T Keir
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Darell D Bigner
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hai Yan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yiping He
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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231
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Sanderson SM, Mikhael PG, Ramesh V, Dai Z, Locasale JW. Nutrient availability shapes methionine metabolism in p16/ MTAP-deleted cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7769. [PMID: 31249865 PMCID: PMC6594760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Codeletions of gene loci containing tumor suppressors and neighboring metabolic enzymes present an attractive synthetic dependency in cancers. However, the impact that these genetic events have on metabolic processes, which are also dependent on nutrient availability and other environmental factors, is unknown. As a proof of concept, we considered panels of cancer cells with homozygous codeletions in CDKN2a and MTAP, genes respectively encoding the commonly-deleted tumor suppressor p16 and an enzyme involved in methionine metabolism. A comparative metabolomics analysis revealed that while a metabolic signature of MTAP deletion is apparent, it is not preserved upon restriction of nutrients related to methionine metabolism. Furthermore, re-expression of MTAP exerts heterogeneous consequences on metabolism across isogenic cell pairs. Together, this study demonstrates that numerous factors, particularly nutrition, can overwhelm the effects of metabolic gene deletions on metabolism. These findings may also have relevance to drug development efforts aiming to target methionine metabolism.
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232
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Sullivan MR, Vander Heiden MG. Determinants of nutrient limitation in cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:193-207. [PMID: 31162937 PMCID: PMC6715536 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1611733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation requires that cells accumulate sufficient biomass to grow and divide. Cancer cells within tumors must acquire a variety of nutrients, and tumor growth slows or stops if necessary metabolites are not obtained in sufficient quantities. Importantly, the metabolic demands of cancer cells can be different from those of untransformed cells, and nutrient accessibility in tumors is different than in many normal tissues. Thus, cancer cell survival and proliferation may be limited by different metabolic factors than those that are necessary to maintain noncancerous cells. Understanding the variables that dictate which nutrients are critical to sustain tumor growth may identify vulnerabilities that could be used to treat cancer. This review examines the various cell-autonomous, local, and systemic factors that determine which nutrients are limiting for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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233
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Harijan RK, Hoff O, Ducati RG, Firestone RS, Hirsch BM, Evans GB, Schramm VL, Tyler PC. Selective Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori Methylthioadenosine Nucleosidase and Human Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3286-3296. [PMID: 30860833 PMCID: PMC6635953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial 5'-methylthioadenosine/ S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) hydrolyzes adenine from its substrates to form S-methyl-5-thioribose and S-ribosyl-l-homocysteine. MTANs are involved in quorum sensing, menaquinone synthesis, and 5'-methylthioadenosine recycling to S-adenosylmethionine. Helicobacter pylori uses MTAN in its unusual menaquinone pathway, making H. pylori MTAN a target for antibiotic development. Human 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), a reported anticancer target, catalyzes phosphorolysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine to salvage S-adenosylmethionine. Transition-state analogues designed for HpMTAN and MTAP show significant overlap in specificity. Fifteen unique transition-state analogues are described here and are used to explore inhibitor specificity. Several analogues of HpMTAN bind in the picomolar range while inhibiting human MTAP with orders of magnitude weaker affinity. Structural analysis of HpMTAN shows inhibitors extending through a hydrophobic channel to the protein surface. The more enclosed catalytic sites of human MTAP require the inhibitors to adopt a folded structure, displacing the phosphate nucleophile from the catalytic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K. Harijan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, New York 10461, New York, United States
| | - Oskar Hoff
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of
Wellington, Wellington 5040, New Zealand
| | - Rodrigo G. Ducati
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, New York 10461, New York, United States
| | - Ross S. Firestone
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, New York 10461, New York, United States
| | - Brett M. Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, New York 10461, New York, United States
| | - Gary B. Evans
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of
Wellington, Wellington 5040, New Zealand
| | - Vern L. Schramm
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, New York 10461, New York, United States
| | - Peter C. Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of
Wellington, Wellington 5040, New Zealand
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234
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Jeon YJ, Kim S, Kim JH, Youn UJ, Suh SS. The Comprehensive Roles of ATRANORIN, A Secondary Metabolite from the Antarctic Lichen Stereocaulon caespitosum, in HCC Tumorigenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071414. [PMID: 30974882 PMCID: PMC6480312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly genetic diseases, but surprisingly chemotherapeutic approaches against HCC are only limited to a few targets. In particular, considering the difficulty of a chemotherapeutic drug development in terms of cost and time enforces searching for surrogates to minimize effort and maximize efficiency in anti-cancer therapy. In spite of the report that approximately one thousand lichen-derived metabolites have been isolated, the knowledge about their functions and consequences in cancer development is relatively limited. Moreover, one of the major second metabolites from lichens, Atranorin has never been studied in HCC. Regarding this, we comprehensively analyze the effect of Atranorin by employing representative HCC cell lines and experimental approaches. Cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis using the compound consistently show the inhibitory effects of Atranorin. Moreover, cell death determination using Annexin-V and (Propidium Iodide) PI staining suggests that it induces cell death through necrosis. Lastly, the metastatic potential of HCC cell lines is significantly inhibited by the drug. Taken these together, we claim a novel functional finding that Atranorin comprehensively suppresses HCC tumorigenesis and metastatic potential, which could provide an important basis for anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Jeon
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea.
- Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea.
| | - Sung-Suk Suh
- Department of Bioscience, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Korea.
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235
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Vinet M, Suresh S, Maire V, Monchecourt C, Némati F, Lesage L, Pierre F, Ye M, Lescure A, Brisson A, Meseure D, Nicolas A, Rigaill G, Marangoni E, Del Nery E, Roman-Roman S, Dubois T. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5: A novel therapeutic target for triple-negative breast cancers. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2414-2428. [PMID: 30957988 PMCID: PMC6537044 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
TNBC is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with high relapse rates, and for which no targeted therapy yet exists. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), an enzyme which catalyzes the methylation of arginines on histone and non‐histone proteins, has recently emerged as a putative target for cancer therapy. Potent and specific PRMT5 inhibitors have been developed, but the therapeutic efficacy of PRMT5 targeting in TNBC has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we examine the expression of PRMT5 in a human breast cancer cohort obtained from the Institut Curie, and evaluate the therapeutic potential of pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 in TNBC. We find that PRMT5 mRNA and protein are expressed at comparable levels in TNBC, luminal breast tumors, and healthy mammary tissues. However, immunohistochemistry analyses reveal that PRMT5 is differentially localized in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes and to normal breast tissues. PRMT5 is heterogeneously expressed in TNBC and high PRMT5 expression correlates with poor prognosis within this breast cancer subtype. Using the small‐molecule inhibitor EPZ015666, we show that PRMT5 inhibition impairs cell proliferation in a subset of TNBC cell lines. PRMT5 inhibition triggers apoptosis, regulates cell cycle progression and decreases mammosphere formation. Furthermore, EPZ015666 administration to a patient‐derived xenograft model of TNBC significantly deters tumor progression. Finally, we reveal potentiation between EGFR and PRMT5 targeting, suggestive of a beneficial combination therapy. Our findings highlight a distinctive subcellular localization of PRMT5 in TNBC, and uphold PRMT5 targeting, alone or in combination, as a relevant treatment strategy for a subset of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Vinet
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Samyuktha Suresh
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Maire
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Clarisse Monchecourt
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fariba Némati
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Preclinical Investigation Laboratory, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Lesage
- Platform of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Pierre
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Mengliang Ye
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Auriane Lescure
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Brisson
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Didier Meseure
- Platform of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Platform of Investigative Pathology, Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Guillem Rigaill
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213, UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne, Paris-Cité, Orsay, France.,Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, UMR CNRS 8071, ENSIIE, USC INRA, Evry, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Preclinical Investigation Laboratory, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Breast Cancer Biology Group, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Qin Y, Hu Q, Xu J, Ji S, Dai W, Liu W, Xu W, Sun Q, Zhang Z, Ni Q, Zhang B, Yu X, Xu X. PRMT5 enhances tumorigenicity and glycolysis in pancreatic cancer via the FBW7/cMyc axis. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:30. [PMID: 30922330 PMCID: PMC6440122 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epigenetic factor protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has been reported to play vital roles in a wide range of cellular processes, such as gene transcription, genomic organization, differentiation and cell cycle control. However, its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the roles of PRMT5 in pancreatic cancer prognosis and progression and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and analysis of a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were performed to study the expression of PRMT5 at the mRNA and protein levels in pancreatic cancer. Cell proliferation assays, including cell viability, colony formation ability and subcutaneous mouse model assays, were utilized to confirm the role of PRMT5 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. A Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, a glucose uptake kit, a lactate level measurement kit and the measurement of 18F-FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) uptake by PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) imaging were used to verify the role of PRMT5 in aerobic glycolysis, which sustains cell proliferation. The regulatory effect of PRMT5 on cMyc, a master regulator of oncogenesis and aerobic glycolysis, was explored by quantitative PCR and protein stability measurements. RESULTS PRMT5 expression was significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. Clinically, elevated expression of PRMT5 was positively correlated with worse overall survival in pancreatic cancer patients. Silencing PRMT5 expression inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PRMT5 regulated aerobic glycolysis in vitro in cell lines, in vivo in pancreatic cancer patients and in a xenograft mouse model used to measure 18F-FDG uptake. We found that mechanistically, PRMT5 posttranslationally regulated cMyc stability via F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7), an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cMyc degradation. Moreover, PRMT5 epigenetically regulated the expression of FBW7 in pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that PRMT5 epigenetically silenced the expression of the tumor suppressor FBW7, leading to increased cMyc levels and the subsequent enhancement of the proliferation of and aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. The PRMT5/FBW7/cMyc axis could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiangsheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shunrong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiqing Sun
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiaowu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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237
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Lin H, Luengo JI. Nucleoside protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1264-1269. [PMID: 30956011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is known to symmetrically dimethylate numerous cytosolic and nuclear proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent findings have revealed its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. PRMT5 selective inhibitors, GSK3326595, a substrate competitive inhibitor, and JNJ64619178, a SAM (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) mimetic/competitive inhibitor, have entered clinic trials for multiple cancer types. This review focuses on the recent developments in SAM mimetic nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors, their SAR and structural insight based on published co-crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Juan I Luengo
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
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238
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O'Loughlin TA, Gilbert LA. Functional Genomics for Cancer Research: Applications In Vivo and In Vitro. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics holds great promise for the dissection of cancer biology. The elucidation of genetic cooperation and molecular details that govern oncogenesis, metastasis, and response to therapy is made possible by robust technologies for perturbing gene function coupled to quantitative analysis of cancer phenotypes resulting from genetic or epigenetic perturbations. Multiplexed genetic perturbations enable the dissection of cooperative genetic lesions as well as the identification of synthetic lethal gene pairs that hold particular promise for constructing innovative cancer therapies. Lastly, functional genomics strategies enable the highly multiplexed in vivo analysis of genes that govern tumorigenesis as well as of the complex multicellular biology of a tumor, such as immune response and metastasis phenotypes. In this review, we discuss both historical and emerging functional genomics approaches and their impact on the cancer research landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. O'Loughlin
- Department of Urology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Luke A. Gilbert
- Department of Urology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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239
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Cuevas-Diaz Duran R, Wang CY, Zheng H, Deneen B, Wu JQ. Brain Region-Specific Gene Signatures Revealed by Distinct Astrocyte Subpopulations Unveil Links to Glioma and Neurodegenerative Diseases. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0288-18.2019. [PMID: 30957015 PMCID: PMC6449165 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0288-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective treatments for glioma or for neurodegenerative diseases because of, in part, our limited understanding of the pathophysiology and cellular heterogeneity of these diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes play an active role in the pathogenesis of these diseases by contributing to a diverse range of pathophysiological states. In a previous study, five molecularly distinct astrocyte subpopulations from three different brain regions were identified. To further delineate the underlying diversity of these populations, we obtained mouse brain region-specific gene signatures for both protein-coding and long non-coding RNA and found that these astrocyte subpopulations are endowed with unique molecular signatures across diverse brain regions. Additional gene set and single-sample enrichment analyses revealed that gene signatures of different subpopulations are differentially correlated with glioma tumors that harbor distinct genomic alterations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that links transcriptional profiles of astrocyte subpopulations with glioma genomic mutations. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that subpopulations of astrocytes in select brain regions are associated with specific neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, the present study provides a new perspective for understanding the pathophysiology of glioma and neurodegenerative diseases and highlights the potential contributions of diverse astrocyte populations to normal, malignant, and degenerative brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cuevas-Diaz Duran
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey NL 64710, Mexico
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging
- Medical Scientist Training Program
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy
- Department of Neuroscience
- Neurological Research Institute at Texas’ Children’s Hospital
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jia Qian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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240
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Dual regulation of Arabidopsis AGO2 by arginine methylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:844. [PMID: 30783097 PMCID: PMC6381116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Argonaute (AGO) proteins are core components of RNA interference (RNAi) but the mechanisms of their regulation, especially at the post-translational level, remain unclear. Among the ten AGOs in Arabidopsis, only AGO2 is induced by bacterial infection and is known to positively regulate immunity. Here we show that the N-terminal domain of AGO2 is enriched with arginine-glycine RG/GR repeats, which are methylated by protein arginine methyltransferase5 (PRMT5). Arginine methylation has dual functions in AGO2 regulation. Methylated arginine residues can promote AGO2 protein degradation and are also bound by Tudor-domain proteins (TSNs), which can degrade AGO2-associated small RNAs (sRNAs). PRMT5 is down-regulated during infection and the prmt5 mutant is more resistant to bacteria. We speculate that reduced PRMT5 expression during infection may lead to reduced arginine methylation of AGO2, resulting in accumulation of both AGO2 and, via reduced interaction with TSNs, accumulation of AGO2-associated sRNAs, to promote plant immunity. These results reveal that both the arginine methylation writer (PRMT5) and readers (TSNs) can regulate AGO2-mediated RNAi.
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241
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Albrecht LV, Bui MH, De Robertis EM. Canonical Wnt is inhibited by targeting one-carbon metabolism through methotrexate or methionine deprivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2987-2995. [PMID: 30679275 PMCID: PMC6386671 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820161116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient-sensing metabolite S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) controls one-carbon metabolism by donating methyl groups to biochemical building blocks, DNA, RNA, and protein. Our recent work uncovered a requirement for cytoplasmic arginine methylation during Wnt signaling through the activity of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), which transfers one-carbon groups from SAM to many protein substrates. Here, we report that treatments that decrease levels of the universal methyl donor SAM were potent inhibitors of Wnt signaling and of Wnt-induced digestion of extracellular proteins in endolysosomes. Thus, arginine methylation provides the canonical Wnt pathway with metabolic sensing properties through SAM. The rapid accumulation of Wnt-induced endolysosomes within 30 minutes was inhibited by the depletion of methionine, an essential amino acid that serves as the direct substrate for SAM production. We also found that methionine is required for GSK3 sequestration into multivesicular bodies through microautophagy, an essential step in Wnt signaling activity. Methionine starvation greatly reduced Wnt-induced endolysosomal degradation of extracellular serum proteins. Similar results were observed by addition of nicotinamide (vitamin B3), which serves as a methyl group sink. Methotrexate, a pillar in the treatment of cancer since 1948, decreases SAM levels. We show here that methotrexate blocked Wnt-induced endocytic lysosomal activity and reduced canonical Wnt signaling. Importantly, the addition of SAM during methionine depletion or methotrexate treatment was sufficient to rescue endolysosomal function and Wnt signaling. Inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway by decreasing one-carbon metabolism provides a platform for designing interventions in Wnt-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Albrecht
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
| | - Maggie H Bui
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
| | - Edward M De Robertis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662;
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1662
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242
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Jones RA, Moorehead RA. Integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data identifies potential oncogenic drivers that promote mammary tumor recurrence. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:381-391. [PMID: 30597648 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence represents a significant clinical challenge in the treatment and management of breast cancer. To investigate whether copy number aberrations (CNAs) facilitate the re-emergence of tumor growth from residual disease, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization on primary and recurrent mammary tumors from an inducible mouse model of type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor driven breast cancer. This genome-wide analysis revealed primary and recurrent tumors harbored distinct CNAs with relapsed tumors containing an increased number of gene-level gains and losses. Remarkably, high-level CNAs detected in primary tumors were largely devoid of annotated cancer genes while the vast majority of recurrent tumors harbored at least one CNA containing a known oncogene or tumor suppressor. Specifically, 38% of recurrent tumors carried gains at 6qA2 and 9qA2 which encode the Met and Yap1 oncogenes, respectively. The most frequent CNA, occurring in 63% of recurrent tumors, was a focal deletion at 4qC5 involving the Cdkn2a/b tumor suppressor genes. Integrative analysis revealed positive correlations between gene copy number and mRNA expression suggesting Met, Yap1, and Cdkn2a/b may serve as potential drivers that promote tumor recurrence. Accordingly, cross-species analysis revealed gene-level murine CNAs were present in a subset of human breast cancers with high MET and YAP1 mRNA predictive of decreased relapse-free survival in basal-like breast cancers. Together, these findings indicate that tumor recurrence is facilitated by the acquisition of CNAs with oncogenic potential and provide a framework to dissect the molecular mechanisms that mediate tumor escape from dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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243
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Targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in MTAP-deficient renal cell carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:2. [PMID: 30701095 PMCID: PMC6345872 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has emerged as a metabolic disease characterized by dysregulated expression of metabolic enzymes. Patients with metastatic RCC have an unusually poor prognosis and near-universal resistance to all current therapies. To improve RCC treatment and the survival rate of patients with RCC, there is an urgent need to reveal the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming regulates aberrant signaling and oncogenic progression. Through an integrated analysis of RCC metabolic pathways, we showed that methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) and its substrate methylthioadenosine (MTA) are dysregulated in aggressive RCC. A decrease in MTAP expression was observed in RCC tissues and correlated with higher tumor grade and shorter overall survival. Genetic manipulation of MTAP demonstrated that MTAP expression inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and migration of RCC cells. Interestingly, we found a decrease in the protein methylation level with a concomitant increase in tyrosine phosphorylation after MTAP knockout. A phospho-kinase array screen identified the type 1 insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) as the candidate with the highest upregulation in tyrosine phosphorylation in response to MTAP loss. We further demonstrated that IGF1R phosphorylation acts upstream of Src and STAT3 signaling in MTAP-knockout RCC cells. IGF1R suppression by a selective inhibitor of IGF1R, linsitinib, impaired the cell migration and invasion capability of MTAP-deleted cells. Surprisingly, an increase in linsitinib-mediated cytotoxicity occurred in RCC cells with MTAP deficiency. Our data suggest that IGF1R signaling is a driver pathway that contributes to the aggressive nature of MTAP-deleted RCC. A receptor that is triggered by an enzyme deficiency in kidney cancer could act as an anticancer drug target. Ching-Hsien Chen of the University of California Davis and colleagues in the USA and Taiwan found that renal cell carcinomas are deficient in the enzyme methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). This deficiency, which correlates with higher tumour grade and shorter overall survival, leads to the activation of type 1 insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R). This in turn activates signaling pathways that support cancer cell survival, growth, and invasiveness. The team found that a selective IGF1R inhibitor, called linsitinib, suppressed colony-forming ability and reduced cell motility in renal carcinoma cells. The findings suggest that IGF1R signaling drives pathways that contribute to the aggressive nature of renal carcinoma cells lacking MTAP.
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244
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Mahoney CE, Pirman D, Chubukov V, Sleger T, Hayes S, Fan ZP, Allen EL, Chen Y, Huang L, Liu M, Zhang Y, McDonald G, Narayanaswamy R, Choe S, Chen Y, Gross S, Cianchetta G, Padyana AK, Murray S, Liu W, Marks KM, Murtie J, Dorsch M, Jin S, Nagaraja N, Biller SA, Roddy T, Popovici-Muller J, Smolen GA. A chemical biology screen identifies a vulnerability of neuroendocrine cancer cells to SQLE inhibition. Nat Commun 2019; 10:96. [PMID: 30626880 PMCID: PMC6327044 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant metabolism of cancer cells is well appreciated, but the identification of cancer subsets with specific metabolic vulnerabilities remains challenging. We conducted a chemical biology screen and identified a subset of neuroendocrine tumors displaying a striking pattern of sensitivity to inhibition of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway enzyme squalene epoxidase (SQLE). Using a variety of orthogonal approaches, we demonstrate that sensitivity to SQLE inhibition results not from cholesterol biosynthesis pathway inhibition, but rather surprisingly from the specific and toxic accumulation of the SQLE substrate, squalene. These findings highlight SQLE as a potential therapeutic target in a subset of neuroendocrine tumors, particularly small cell lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Pirman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Victor Chubukov
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Taryn Sleger
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sebastian Hayes
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zi Peng Fan
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric L Allen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Huang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Meina Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjia Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co. Ltd., 998 Halei Road, Pudong, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Sung Choe
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Gross
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Anil K Padyana
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stuart Murray
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kevin M Marks
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Murtie
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marion Dorsch
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shengfang Jin
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Scott A Biller
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Roddy
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Janeta Popovici-Muller
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Decibel Therapeutics, 1325 Boylston Street, Suite 500, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gromoslaw A Smolen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Celsius Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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245
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Yin J, Ren W, Chen S, Li Y, Han H, Gao J, Liu G, Wu X, Li T, Woo Kim S, Yin Y. Metabolic Regulation of Methionine Restriction in Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700951. [PMID: 29603632 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the effects of dietary methionine restriction have been investigated in the physiology of aging and diseases related to oxidative stress, the relationship between methionine restriction (MR) and the development of metabolic disorders has not been explored extensively. This review summarizes studies of the possible involvement of dietary methionine restriction in improving insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and inflammation, with an emphasis on the fibroblast growth factor 21 and protein phosphatase 2A signals and autophagy in diabetes. Diets deficient in methionine may be a useful nutritional strategy in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product, Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Hui Han
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, PR, China
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246
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Frazão L, do Carmo Martins M, Nunes VM, Pimentel J, Faria C, Miguéns J, Sagarribay A, Matos M, Salgado D, Nunes S, Mafra M, Roque L. BRAF V600E mutation and 9p21: CDKN2A/B and MTAP co-deletions - Markers in the clinical stratification of pediatric gliomas. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1259. [PMID: 30558563 PMCID: PMC6296141 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic alterations in pediatric primary brain tumors can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers and are the basis for the development of new target therapies that, ideally, would be associated with lower mortality and morbidity. This study evaluates the incidence and interplay of the presence of BRAF V600E mutation and chromosomal 9p21 deletions in a series of 100 pediatric gliomas, aiming to determine the role of these alterations in recurrence and malignant transformation, and to verify if they could be used in the clinical set for stratifying patients for tailored therapies and surveillance. METHODS Sanger sequencing was used for the assessment of BRAF mutations at exon 15 and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with BAC: RP11-14192 for the detection of 9p21 alterations. Expression levels of the CDKN2A and MTAP by real-time PCR were evaluated in cases with 9p21 deletions. Statistical analysis of genetic and clinical data was performed using Graph Pad Prism 5 and SPSS Statistics 24 software. RESULTS In our cohort it was observed that 7 /78 (8,9%) of the low-grade tumors recurred and 2 (2,6%) showed malignant transformation. BRAF V600E mutations were detected in 15 cases. No statistically significant correlations were found between the presence of BRAF V600E mutation and patient's morphologic or clinical features. Deletions at 9p21 abrogating the CDKN2A/B and MTAP loci were rare in grade I gliomas (12.2%, p = 0.0178) but frequent in grade IV gliomas (62.5%, p = 0.0087). Moreover it was found that deletions at these loci were correlated with a shorter overall survival (p = 0.011) and a shorter progression-free survival (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that in these tumors BRAF V600E mutated and that CDKN2A/B MTAP co-deletions may be used for stratifying patients for a stricter surveillance. The Investigating and defining if glial tumors with CDKN2A/B and MTAP homozygous loss may be vulnerable to new forms of therapy, namely those affecting the methionine salvage pathway, was proven to be of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Frazão
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) – IPOFG Cytogenetic Laboratory, Portuguese Cancer Institute, R. Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Martins
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) – IPOFG Cytogenetic Laboratory, Portuguese Cancer Institute, R. Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vasco Moura Nunes
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) – IPOFG Cytogenetic Laboratory, Portuguese Cancer Institute, R. Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Pimentel
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria (CHLN; EPE), Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medicine Faculty of the Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudia Faria
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon (CHLN; EPE) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medicine Faculty of the Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Miguéns
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon (CHLN; EPE) Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medicine Faculty of the Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amets Sagarribay
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, (CHLC; EPE), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Matos
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Dona Estefânia, (CHLC; EPE), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Duarte Salgado
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Unit, IPOFG, Portuguese Cancer Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Nunes
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Unit, IPOFG, Portuguese Cancer Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Mafra
- Department of Pathology, IPOFG, Portuguese Cancer Institute, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Roque
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM) – IPOFG Cytogenetic Laboratory, Portuguese Cancer Institute, R. Professor Lima Basto, 1099-023 Lisbon, Portugal
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247
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Liu H, Golji J, Brodeur LK, Chung FS, Chen JT, deBeaumont RS, Bullock CP, Jones MD, Kerr G, Li L, Rakiec DP, Schlabach MR, Sovath S, Growney JD, Pagliarini RA, Ruddy DA, MacIsaac KD, Korn JM, McDonald ER. Tumor-derived IFN triggers chronic pathway agonism and sensitivity to ADAR loss. Nat Med 2018; 25:95-102. [PMID: 30559422 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that play a critical role in limiting infectious and malignant diseases 1-4 . Emerging data suggest that the strength and duration of IFN signaling can differentially impact cancer therapies, including immune checkpoint blockade 5-7 . Here, we characterize the output of IFN signaling, specifically IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) signatures, in primary tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas. While immune infiltration correlates with the ISG signature in some primary tumors, the existence of ISG signature-positive tumors without evident infiltration of IFN-producing immune cells suggests that cancer cells per se can be a source of IFN production. Consistent with this hypothesis, analysis of patient-derived tumor xenografts propagated in immune-deficient mice shows evidence of ISG-positive tumors that correlates with expression of human type I and III IFNs derived from the cancer cells. Mechanistic studies using cell line models from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia that harbor ISG signatures demonstrate that this is a by-product of a STING-dependent pathway resulting in chronic tumor-derived IFN production. This imposes a transcriptional state on the tumor, poising it to respond to the aberrant accumulation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) due to increased sensor levels (MDA5, RIG-I and PKR). By interrogating our functional short-hairpin RNA screen dataset across 398 cancer cell lines, we show that this ISG transcriptional state creates a novel genetic vulnerability. ISG signature-positive cancer cells are sensitive to the loss of ADAR, a dsRNA-editing enzyme that is also an ISG. A genome-wide CRISPR genetic suppressor screen reveals that the entire type I IFN pathway and the dsRNA-activated kinase, PKR, are required for the lethality induced by ADAR depletion. Therefore, tumor-derived IFN resulting in chronic signaling creates a cellular state primed to respond to dsRNA accumulation, rendering ISG-positive tumors susceptible to ADAR loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Liu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Javad Golji
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lauren K Brodeur
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franklin S Chung
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julie T Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rosalie S deBeaumont
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline P Bullock
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael D Jones
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Grainne Kerr
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Li Li
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Rakiec
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Schlabach
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sosathya Sovath
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Growney
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raymond A Pagliarini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David A Ruddy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenzie D MacIsaac
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M Korn
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Robert McDonald
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Oncology Disease Area, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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248
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The Rio1 protein kinases/ATPases: conserved regulators of growth, division, and genomic stability. Curr Genet 2018; 65:457-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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249
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Shailesh H, Zakaria ZZ, Baiocchi R, Sif S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) dysregulation in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36705-36718. [PMID: 30613353 PMCID: PMC6291173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are known for their ability to catalyze methylation of specific arginine residues in a wide variety of cellular proteins, which are involved in a plethora of processes including signal transduction, transcription, and more recently DNA recombination. All members of the PRMT family can be grouped into three main classes depending on the type of methylation they catalyze. Type I PRMTs induce monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation, while type II PRMTs catalyze monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation of specific arginine residues. In contrast, type III PRMTs carry out only monomethylation of arginine residues. In this review, we will focus on PRMT5, a type II PRMT essential for viability and normal development, which has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types, owing it to the crucial role it plays in controlling key growth regulatory pathways. Furthermore, the role of PRMT5 in regulating expression and stability of key transcription factors that control normal stem cell function as well as cancer stem cell renewal will be discussed. We will review recent work that shows that through its ability to methylate various cellular proteins, PRMT5 functions as a master epigenetic regulator essential for growth and development, and we will highlight studies that have examined its dysregulation and the effects of its inhibition on cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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250
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Abstract
Transition state theory teaches that chemically stable mimics of enzymatic transition states will bind tightly to their cognate enzymes. Kinetic isotope effects combined with computational quantum chemistry provides enzymatic transition state information with sufficient fidelity to design transition state analogues. Examples are selected from various stages of drug development to demonstrate the application of transition state theory, inhibitor design, physicochemical characterization of transition state analogues, and their progress in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vern L. Schramm
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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