201
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Ca 2+ Regulation of TRP Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041256. [PMID: 29690581 PMCID: PMC5979445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling influences nearly every aspect of cellular life. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have emerged as cellular sensors for thermal, chemical and mechanical stimuli and are major contributors to Ca2+ signaling, playing an important role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. Notably, TRP ion channels are also one of the major downstream targets of Ca2+ signaling initiated either from TRP channels themselves or from various other sources, such as G-protein coupled receptors, giving rise to feedback regulation. TRP channels therefore function like integrators of Ca2+ signaling. A growing body of research has demonstrated different modes of Ca2+-dependent regulation of TRP ion channels and the underlying mechanisms. However, the precise actions of Ca2+ in the modulation of TRP ion channels remain elusive. Advances in Ca2+ regulation of TRP channels are critical to our understanding of the diversified functions of TRP channels and complex Ca2+ signaling.
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202
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Barrett JN, Rincon S, Singh J, Matthewman C, Pasos J, Barrett EF, Rajguru SM. Pulsed infrared releases Ca 2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum of cultured spiral ganglion neurons. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:509-524. [PMID: 29668377 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00740.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inner ear spiral ganglion neurons were cultured from day 4 postnatal mice and loaded with a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator (fluo-4, -5F, or -5N). Pulses of infrared radiation (IR; 1,863 nm, 200 µs, 200-250 Hz for 2-5 s, delivered via an optical fiber) produced a rapid, transient temperature increase of 6-12°C (above a baseline of 24-30°C). These IR pulse trains evoked transient increases in both nuclear and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]) of 0.20-1.4 µM, with a simultaneous reduction of [Ca2+] in regions containing endoplasmic reticulum (ER). IR-induced increases in cytosolic [Ca2+] continued in medium containing no added Ca2+ (±Ca2+ buffers) and low [Na+], indicating that the [Ca2+] increase was mediated by release from intracellular stores. Consistent with this hypothesis, the IR-induced [Ca2+] response was prolonged and eventually blocked by inhibition of ER Ca2+-ATPase with cyclopiazonic acid, and was also inhibited by a high concentration of ryanodine and by inhibitors of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release (xestospongin C and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate). The thermal sensitivity of the response suggested involvement of warmth-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The IR-induced [Ca2+] increase was inhibited by TRPV4 inhibitors (HC-067047 and GSK-2193874), and immunostaining of spiral ganglion cultures demonstrated the presence of TRPV4 and TRPM2 that colocalized with ER marker GRP78. These results suggest that the temperature sensitivity of IR-induced [Ca2+] elevations is conferred by TRP channels on ER membranes, which facilitate Ca2+ efflux into the cytosol and thereby contribute to Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release via IP3 and ryanodine receptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Infrared radiation-induced photothermal effects release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum of primary spiral ganglion neurons. This Ca2+ release is mediated by activation of transient receptor potential (TRPV4) channels and involves amplification by Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release. The neurons immunostained for warmth-sensitive channels, TRPV4 and TRPM2, which colocalize with endoplasmic reticulum. Pulsed infrared radiation provides a novel experimental tool for releasing intracellular Ca2+, studying Ca2+ regulatory mechanisms, and influencing neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Barrett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Samantha Rincon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Jayanti Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | | | - Julio Pasos
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Ellen F Barrett
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.,Neuroscience Program, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Suhrud M Rajguru
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami , Miami, Florida.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
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203
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Pluskal T, Weng JK. Natural product modulators of human sensations and mood: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1592-1637. [PMID: 28933478 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Humans perceive physical information about the surrounding environment through their senses. This physical information is registered by a collection of highly evolved and finely tuned molecular sensory receptors. A multitude of bioactive, structurally diverse ligands have evolved in nature that bind these molecular receptors. The complex, dynamic interactions between the ligands and the receptors lead to changes in our sensory perception or mood. Here, we review our current knowledge of natural products and their derived analogues that interact specifically with human G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, and nuclear hormone receptors to modulate the sensations of taste, smell, temperature, pain, and itch, as well as mood and its associated behaviour. We discuss the molecular and structural mechanisms underlying such interactions and highlight cases where subtle differences in natural product chemistry produce drastic changes in functional outcome. We also discuss cases where a single compound triggers complex sensory or behavioural changes in humans through multiple mechanistic targets. Finally, we comment on the therapeutic potential of the reviewed area of research and draw attention to recent technological developments in genomics, metabolomics, and metabolic engineering that allow us to tap the medicinal properties of natural product chemistry without taxing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Pluskal
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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204
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Tang Y, Sun Y, Xu R, Huang X, Gu S, Hong C, Liu M, Jiang H, Yang Y, Shi J. Arginine vasopressin differentially modulates
GABA
ergic synaptic transmission onto temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons in the rat preoptic area. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 47:866-886. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulatory and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
- Department of Physiology Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yan‐Ni Sun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Run Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Shuang Gu
- Department of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Cheng‐Cheng Hong
- Department of Public Health Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Mi‐Jia Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Yong‐Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermoregulatory and Inflammation of Sichuan Higher Education Institutes Chengdu Medical College Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
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205
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206
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Deletion of the Cold Thermoreceptor TRPM8 Increases Heat Loss and Food Intake Leading to Reduced Body Temperature and Obesity in Mice. J Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29530988 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3002-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coupling of energy homeostasis to thermoregulation is essential to maintain homeothermy in changing external environments. We studied the role of the cold thermoreceptor TRPM8 in this interplay in mice of both sexes. We demonstrate that TRPM8 is required for a precise thermoregulation in response to cold, in fed and fasting. Trpm8-/- mice exhibited a fall of 0.7°C in core body temperature when housed at cold temperatures, and a deep hypothermia (<30°C) during food deprivation. In both situations, TRPM8 deficiency induced an increase in tail heat loss. This, together with the presence of TRPM8-sensory fibers innervating the main tail vessels, unveils a major role of this ion channel in tail vasomotor regulation. Finally, TRPM8 deficiency had a remarkable impact on energy balance. Trpm8-/- mice raised at mild cold temperatures developed late-onset obesity and metabolic dysfunction, with daytime hyperphagia and reduction of fat oxidation as plausible causal factors. In conclusion, TRPM8 fine-tunes eating behavior and fuel utilization during thermoregulatory adjustments to mild cold. Persistent imbalances in these responses result in obesity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The thermosensitive ion channel TRPM8 is required for a precise thermoregulatory response to cold and fasting, playing an important role in tail vasoconstriction, and therefore heat conservation, as well as in the regulation of ingestive behavior and metabolic fuel selection upon cooling. Indeed, TRPM8-deficient mice, housed in a mild cold environment, displayed an increase in tail heat loss and lower core body temperature, associated with the development of late-onset obesity with glucose and lipid metabolic dysfunction. A persistent diurnal hyperphagia and reduced fat oxidation constitute plausible underlying mechanisms in the background of a deficient thermoregulatory adjustment to mild cold ambient temperatures.
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207
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Kohl J, Dulac C. Neural control of parental behaviors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 49:116-122. [PMID: 29482085 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parenting is a multicomponent social behavior that is essential for the survival of offspring in many species. Despite extensive characterization of individual brain areas involved in parental care, we do not fully understand how discrete aspects of this behavior are orchestrated at the neural circuit level. Recent progress in identifying genetically specified neuronal populations critical for parenting, and the use of genetic and viral tools for circuit-cracking now allow us to deconstruct the underlying circuitry and, thus, to elucidate how different aspects of parental care are controlled. Here we review the latest advances, outline possible organizational principles of parental circuits and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kohl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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208
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Luo X, Li M, Zhan K, Yang W, Zhang L, Wang K, Yu P, Zhang L. Selective inhibition of TRPM2 channel by two novel synthesized ADPR analogues. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:552-566. [PMID: 29034580 PMCID: PMC5813235 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel critical for monitoring internal body temperature is implicated in the pathological processes such as neurodegeneration. However, lacking selective and potent TRPM2 inhibitors impedes investigation and validation of the channel as a drug target. To discover novel and selective TRPM2 inhibitors, a series of adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose analogues were synthesized, and their activities and selectivity were evaluated. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were employed for screen and evaluation of synthesized compounds. Two compounds, 7i and 8a, were identified as TRPM2 inhibitors with IC50 of 5.7 and 5.4 μm, respectively. Both 7i and 8a inhibited TRPM2 current without affecting TRPM7, TRPM8, TRPV1 and TRPV3. These two TRPM2 inhibitors can serve as new pharmacological tools for further investigation and validation of TRPM2 channel as a drug target, and the summarized structure-activity relationship (SAR) may also provide insights into further improving existing inhibitors as potential lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meng Li
- Department of NeurobiologyNeuroscience Research InstitutePeking University Health Science CenterPeking University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kaiyu Zhan
- Department of NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lihe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - KeWei Wang
- Department of NeurobiologyNeuroscience Research InstitutePeking University Health Science CenterPeking University School of Pharmaceutical SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PharmacologySchool of PharmacyQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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209
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Cellular populations and thermosensing mechanisms of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:809-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2101-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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210
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Castillo K, Diaz-Franulic I, Canan J, Gonzalez-Nilo F, Latorre R. Thermally activated TRP channels: molecular sensors for temperature detection. Phys Biol 2018; 15:021001. [PMID: 29135465 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aa9a6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensing is one of the oldest capabilities of living organisms, and is essential for sustaining life, because failure to avoid extreme noxious temperatures can result in tissue damage or death. A subset of members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is finely tuned to detect temperatures ranging from extreme cold to noxious heat, giving rise to thermoTRP channels. Structural and functional experiments have shown that thermoTRP channels are allosteric proteins, containing different domains that sense changes in temperature, among other stimuli, triggering pore opening. Although temperature-dependence is well characterized in thermoTRP channels, the molecular nature of temperature-sensing elements remains unknown. Importantly, thermoTRP channels are involved in pain sensation, related to pathological conditions. Here, we provide an overview of thermoTRP channel activation. We also discuss the structural and functional evidence supporting the existence of an intrinsic temperature sensor in this class of channels, and we explore the basic thermodynamic principles for channel activation. Finally, we give a view of their role in painful pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile. www.cinv.cl
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211
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Jang Y, Cho PS, Yang YD, Hwang SW. Nociceptive Roles of TRPM2 Ion Channel in Pathologic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6589-6600. [PMID: 29327205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a protective mechanism that enables us to avoid potentially harmful environments. However, when pathologically persisted and aggravated under severely injured or inflamed conditions, pain often reduces the quality of life and thus is considered as a disease to eliminate. Inflammatory and/or neuropathic mechanisms may exaggerate interactions between damaged tissues and neural pathways for pain mediation. Similar mechanisms also promote the communication among cellular participants in synapses at spinal or higher levels, which may amplify nociceptive firing and subsequent signal transmission, deteriorating the pain sensation. In this pathology, important cellular players are afferent sensory neurons, peripheral immune cells, and spinal glial cells. Arising from damage of injury, overloaded interstitial and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+ are key messengers in the development and maintenance of pathologic pain. Thus, an ROS-sensitive and Ca2+-permeable ion channel that is highly expressed in the participant cells might play a critical role in the pathogenesis. Transient receptor potential melastatin subtype 2 (TRPM2) is the unique molecule that satisfies all of the requirements: the sensitivity, permeability, and its expressing cells. Notable progress in delineating the role of TRPM2 in pain has been achieved during the past decade. In the present review, we summarize the important findings in the key cellular components that are involved in pathologic pain. This overview will help to understand TRPM2-mediated pain mechanisms and speculate therapeutic strategies by utilizing this updated information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Psychiatry and Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Pyung Sun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Young Duk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Gyeonggi, 11160, South Korea.
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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212
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Abstract
Heat sensation, the ability to detect warm and noxious temperatures, is an ancient and indispensable sensory process. Noxious temperatures can have detrimental effects on the physiology and integrity of cells, and therefore, the detection of environmental hot temperatures is absolutely crucial for survival. Temperature-sensitive ion channels, which conduct ions in a highly temperature-dependent manner, have been put forward as molecular thermometers expressed at the endings of sensory neurons. In particular, several temperature-sensitive members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels have been identified, and a multitude of in vivo studies have shown that the capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1 channel plays a key role as a noxious heat sensor. However, Trpv1-deficient mice display a residual heat sensitivity suggesting the existence of additional heat sensor(s). In this chapter, we provide evidence for the role of the non-selective calcium-permeable TRPM3 ion channel as an additional heat sensor that acts independently of TRPV1, and give an update of the modulation of this channel by various molecular mechanisms. Finally, we compare antagonists of TRPM3 to specific blockers of TRPV1 as potential analgesic drugs to treat pathological pain.
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213
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Jeon S, Caterina MJ. Molecular basis of peripheral innocuous warmth sensitivity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:69-82. [PMID: 30454610 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The perception of innocuous warmth is a sensory capability that facilitates thermoregulatory, social, hedonic, and even predatory functions. It has long been recognized that innocuous warmth perception is triggered by activation of a subpopulation of specially tuned peripheral thermosensory neurons. In addition, there is growing evidence that thermotransduction by nonneuronal cells, such as skin keratinocytes, might contribute to or modulate our thermosensory experience. Yet, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying warmth transduction are only now being uncovered. Recent molecular genetics approaches have led to the identification of multiple candidate warmth-transducing molecules that appear to confer thermosensitivity upon innocuous warmth afferents and/or neighboring cell types. Most, but not all, of these candidate transducers are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family. Among the latter, evidence supporting a function in innocuous warmth sensation is strongest for TRPV1 and TRPM2 in mammals and for TRPA1 in nonmammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Jeon
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Biological Chemistry, and Neuroscience, and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael J Caterina
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Biological Chemistry, and Neuroscience, and Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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214
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Abstract
Homeotherms maintain their core body temperature within a narrow range by employing multiple redundant mechanisms to control heat production and dissipation. Preoptic area/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) neurons receive thermal signals from peripheral and deep-body thermoreceptors as well as hormonal and metabolic signals. A population of PO/AH neurons termed warm-sensitive increase their firing temperature with warming and are considered central thermoreceptors. Electrophysiologic and pharmacologic experiments have provided descriptions of their characteristics and signaling mechanisms. These studies have also allowed insights into the mechanisms by which neurochemicals important in thermoregulation exert their influence. Finally, the cellular mechanism involved in the interactions between thermoregulation and other aspects of homeostasis, such as energy metabolism and osmoregulation, have started to be unraveled.
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215
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216
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Abstract
Heat exchange processes between the body and the environment are introduced. The definition of the thermoneutral zone as the ambient temperature range within which body temperature (Tb) regulation is achieved only by nonevaporative processes is explained. Thermoreceptors, thermoregulatory effectors (both physiologic and behavioral), and neural pathways and Tb signals that connect receptors and effectors into a thermoregulation system are reviewed. A classification of thermoeffectors is proposed. A consensus concept is presented, according to which the thermoregulation system is organized as a dynamic federation of independent thermoeffector loops. While the activity of each effector is driven by a unique combination of deep (core) and superficial (shell) Tbs, the regulated variable of the system can be viewed as a spatially distributed Tb with a heavily represented core and a lightly represented shell. Core Tb is the main feedback; it is always negative. Shell Tbs (mostly of the hairy skin) represent the auxiliary feedback, which can be negative or positive, and which decreases the system's response time and load error. Signals from the glabrous (nonhairy) skin about the temperature of objects in the environment serve as feedforward signals for various behaviors. Physiologic effectors do not use feedforward signals. The system interacts with other homeostatic systems by "meshing" with their loops. Coordination between different thermoeffectors is achieved through the common controlled variable, Tb. The term balance point (not set point) is used for a regulated level of Tb. The term interthreshold zone is used for a Tb range in which no effectors are activated. Thermoregulatory states are classified, based on whether: Tb is increased (hyperthermia) or decreased (hypothermia); the interthreshold zone is narrow (homeothermic type of regulation) or wide (poikilothermic type); and the balance point is increased (fever) or decreased (anapyrexia). During fever, thermoregulation can be either homeothermic or poikilothermic; anapyrexia is always a poikilothermic state. The biologic significance of poikilothermic states is discussed. As an example of practical applications of the concept presented, thermopharmacology is reviewed. Thermopharmacology uses drugs to modulate specific temperature signals at the level of a thermoreceptor (transient receptor potential channel).
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217
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Zhang Z, Machado F, Zhao L, Heinen CA, Foppen E, Ackermans MT, Zhou J, Bisschop PH, Boelen A, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A. Administration of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Male Rats Mimics the Metabolic Cold Defense Response. Neuroendocrinology 2018; 107:267-279. [PMID: 30092582 PMCID: PMC6390456 DOI: 10.1159/000492785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold exposure increases thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) expression primarily in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The PVN is a well-known hypothalamic hub in the control of energy metabolism. TRH terminals and receptors are found on PVN neurons. We hypothesized that TRH release in the PVN plays an important role in the control of thermogenesis and energy mobilization during cold exposure. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to a cold environment (4°C) or TRH retrodialysis in the PVN for 2 h. We compared the effects of cold exposure and TRH administration in the PVN on plasma glucose, corticosterone, and thyroid hormone concentrations, body temperature, locomotor activity, as well as metabolic gene expression in the liver and brown adipose tissue. RESULTS Cold exposure increased body temperature, locomotor activity, and plasma corticosterone concentrations, but blood glucose concentrations were similar to that of room temperature control animals. TRH administration in the PVN also promptly increased body temperature, locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone concentrations. However, TRH administration in the PVN markedly increased blood glucose concentrations and endogenous glucose production (EGP) compared to saline controls. Selective hepatic sympathetic or parasympathetic denervation reduced the TRH-induced increase in glucose concentrations and EGP. Gene expression data indicated increased gluconeogenesis in liver and lipolysis in brown adipose tissue, both after cold exposure and TRH administration. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TRH administration in the rat PVN largely mimics the metabolic and behavioral changes induced by cold exposure indicating a potential link between TRH release in the PVN and cold defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederico Machado
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Li Zhao
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A Heinen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariette T Ackermans
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jiangning Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, the
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218
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Yu S, François M, Huesing C, Münzberg H. The Hypothalamic Preoptic Area and Body Weight Control. Neuroendocrinology 2018; 106:187-194. [PMID: 28772276 PMCID: PMC6118330 DOI: 10.1159/000479875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus is involved in many physiological and behavioral processes thanks to its interconnections to many brain areas and ability to respond to diverse humoral factors. One main function of the POA is to manage body temperature homeostasis, e.g. in response to ambient temperature change, which is achieved in part by controlling brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. The POA is also importantly involved in modulating food intake in response to temperature change, thus making it relevant for body weight homeostasis and obesity research. POA function in body weight control is highly unexplored, and a better understanding of POA circuits and their integration into classic hypothalamic circuits that regulate energy homeostasis is expected to provide new opportunities for the scientific basis and treatment of obesity and comorbidities.
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219
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Abstract
Body core temperature of mammals is regulated by the central nervous system, in which the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role. The POA receives peripheral and central thermosensory neural information and provides command signals to effector organs to elicit involuntary thermoregulatory responses, including shivering thermogenesis, nonshivering brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and cutaneous vasoconstriction. Cool-sensory and warm-sensory signals from cutaneous thermoreceptors, monitoring environmental temperature, are separately transmitted through the spinal-parabrachial-POA neural pathways, distinct from the spinothalamocortical pathway for perception of skin temperature. These cutaneous thermosensory inputs to the POA likely impinge on warm-sensitive POA neurons, which monitor body core (brain) temperature, to alter thermoregulatory command outflows from the POA. The cutaneous thermosensory afferents elicit rapid thermoregulatory responses to environmental thermal challenges before they impact body core temperature. Peripheral humoral signals also act on neurons in the POA to transmit afferent information of systemic infection and energy storage to induce fever and to regulate energy balance, respectively. This chapter describes the thermoregulatory afferent mechanisms that convey cutaneous thermosensory signals to the POA and that integrate the neural and humoral afferent inputs to the POA to provide descending command signals to thermoregulatory effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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220
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Abstract
Classic lesion and physiology experiments identified the hypothalamic preoptic area as a pivotal region in the regulation of temperature homeostasis. The preoptic area can sense changes in local temperature, receives information about ambient temperature, contributes to fever, and can affect thermoregulation in response to several biologic signals. Electrophysiologic studies indicate that these actions are mediated by a neuronal circuitry that comprises temperature-sensitive as well as temperature-insensitive neurons. Little is known on the molecules that may be required for central thermosensation and much of the efforts towards their identification was done for warm-sensitive neurons. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the subject as well as what the search for these molecules revealed about warm-sensitive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Conti
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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221
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Central regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and energy homeostasis dependent on food availability. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:823-837. [PMID: 29209779 PMCID: PMC5942360 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Energy homeostasis of mammals is maintained by balancing energy expenditure within the body and energy intake through feeding. Several lines of evidence indicate that brown adipose tissue (BAT), a sympathetically activated thermogenic organ, turns excess energy into heat to maintain the energy balance in rodents and humans, in addition to its thermoregulatory role for the defense of body core temperature in cold environments. Elucidating the central circuit mechanism controlling BAT thermogenesis dependent on nutritional conditions and food availability in relation to energy homeostasis is essential to understand the etiology of symptoms caused by energy imbalance, such as obesity. The central thermogenic command outflow to BAT descends through an excitatory neural pathway mediated by hypothalamic, medullary and spinal sites. This sympathoexcitatory thermogenic drive is controlled by tonic GABAergic inhibitory signaling from the thermoregulatory center in the preoptic area, whose tone is altered by body core and cutaneous thermosensory inputs. This circuit controlling BAT thermogenesis for cold defense also functions for the development of fever and psychological stress-induced hyperthermia, indicating its important role in the defense from a variety of environmental stressors. When food is unavailable, hunger-driven neural signaling from the hypothalamus activates GABAergic neurons in the medullary reticular formation, which then block the sympathoexcitatory thermogenic outflow to BAT to reduce energy expenditure and simultaneously command the masticatory motor system to promote food intake—effectively commanding responses to survive starvation. This article reviews the central mechanism controlling BAT thermogenesis in relation to the regulation of energy and thermal homeostasis dependent on food availability.
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222
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Zhang W, Hou C, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H. A strong and flexible electronic vessel for real-time monitoring of temperature, motions and flow. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17821-17828. [PMID: 29115330 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional sensors that continuously detect physical information are urgently required to fabricate wearable materials for health monitoring. This study describes the fabrication and performance of a strong and flexible vessel-like sensor. This electronic vessel consists of a self-supported braided cotton hose substrate, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/ZnO@polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) function arrays and a flexible PVDF function fibrous membrane, and it possesses high mechanical property and accurate physical sensing. The rationally designed tubular structure facilities the detection of the applied temperature and strain and the frequency, pressure, and temperature of pulsed fluids. Therefore, the flexible electronic vessel holds promising potential for applications in wearable or implantable materials for the monitoring of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
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223
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Wyatt A, Wartenberg P, Candlish M, Krasteva-Christ G, Flockerzi V, Boehm U. Genetic strategies to analyze primary TRP channel-expressing cells in mice. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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224
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Kühn F, Kühn C, Lückhoff A. Different Principles of ADP-Ribose-Mediated Activation and Opposite Roles of the NUDT9 Homology Domain in the TRPM2 Orthologs of Man and Sea Anemone. Front Physiol 2017; 8:879. [PMID: 29163217 PMCID: PMC5671594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A decisive element in the human cation channel TRPM2 is a region in its cytosolic C-terminus named NUDT9H because of its homology to the NUDT9 enzyme, a pyrophosphatase degrading ADP-ribose (ADPR). In hTRPM2, however, the NUDT9H domain has lost its enzymatic activity but serves as a binding domain for ADPR. As consequence of binding, gating of the channel is initiated. Since ADPR is produced after oxidative DNA damage, hTRPM2 mediates Ca2+ influx in response to oxidative stress which may lead to cell death. In the genome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (nv), a preferred model organism for the evolution of key bilaterian features, a TRPM2 ortholog has been identified that contains a NUDT9H domain as well. Heterologous expression of nvTRPM2 in HEK-293 cells reveals a cation channel with many close similarities to the human counterpart. Most notably, nvTRPM2 is activated by ADPR, and Ca2+ is a co-agonist. However, the intramolecular mechanisms of ADPR gating as well as the role of NUDT9H are strikingly different in the two species. Whereas already subtle changes of NUDT9H abolish ADPR gating in hTRPM2, the region can be completely removed from nvTRPM2 without loss of responses to ADPR. An alternative ADPR binding site seems to be present but has not yet been characterized. The ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase (ADPRase) function of nvNUDT9H has been preserved but can be abolished by numerous genetic manipulations. All these manipulations create channels that are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide which fails to induce channel activity in wild-type nvTRPM2. Therefore, the function of NUDT9H in nvTRPM2 is the degradation of ADPR, thereby reducing agonist concentration in the presence of oxidative stress. Thus, the two TRPM2 orthologs have evolved divergently but nevertheless gained analogous functional properties, i.e., gating by ADPR with Ca2+ as co-factor. Opposite roles are played by the respective NUDT9H domains, either binding of ADPR and mediating channel activity, or controlling the availability of ADPR at the binding site located in a different domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kühn
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kühn
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Lückhoff
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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225
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Ishiwata T, Greenwood BN. Changes in thermoregulation and monoamine release in freely moving rats during cold exposure and inhibition of the ventromedial, dorsomedial, or posterior hypothalamus. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 188:541-551. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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226
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Bombesin-like receptor 3 (Brs3) expression in glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, neurons is required for regulation of energy metabolism. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1540-1550. [PMID: 29107299 PMCID: PMC5681273 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS-3) is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor. Brs3 null mice have reduced resting metabolic rate and body temperature, increased food intake, and obesity. Here we study the role of Brs3 in different neuron types. Methods Mice able to undergo Cre recombinase-dependent inactivation or re-expression of Brs3 were generated, respectively Brs3fl/y and Brs3loxTB/y. We then studied four groups of mice with Brs3 selectively inactivated or re-expressed in cells expressing Vglut2-Cre or Vgat-Cre. Results Deletion of Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons expressing Vglut2 reproduced the global null phenotype for regulation of food intake, metabolic rate, body temperature, adiposity, and insulin resistance. These mice also no longer responded to a BRS-3 agonist, MK-5046. In contrast, deletion of Brs3 in GABAergic neurons produced no detectable phenotype. Conversely, the wild type phenotype was restored by selective re-expression of Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons, with no normalization achieved by re-expressing Brs3 in GABAergic neurons. Conclusions Brs3 expression in glutamatergic neurons is both necessary and sufficient for full Brs3 function in energy metabolism. In these experiments, no function was identified for Brs3 in GABAergic neurons. The data suggest that the anti-obesity pharmacologic actions of BRS-3 agonists occur via agonism of receptors on glutamatergic neurons. Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons regulates food intake, metabolic rate, and body weight. Brs3 in glutamatergic neurons is both necessary and sufficient for these functions. No phenotypes were identified by Brs3 loss or re-expression in GABAergic neurons. BRS-3 agonists likely act on glutamatergic neurons for their anti-obesity effects.
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227
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Shi X, Chacko S, Li F, Li D, Burrin D, Chan L, Guan X. Acute activation of GLP-1-expressing neurons promotes glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1350-1359. [PMID: 29107283 PMCID: PMC5681239 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptides are co-released from enteroendocrine L cells in the gut and preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the brainstem. PPG-derived GLP-1/2 are probably key neuroendocrine signals for the control of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. The objective of this study was to determine whether activation of PPG neurons per se modulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in vivo. METHODS We generated glucagon (Gcg) promoter-driven Cre transgenic mice and injected excitatory hM3Dq-mCherry AAV into their brainstem NTS. We characterized the metabolic impact of PPG neuron activation on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity using stable isotopic tracers coupled with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. RESULTS We showed that after ip injection of clozapine N-oxide, Gcg-Cre lean mice transduced with hM3Dq in the brainstem NTS downregulated basal endogenous glucose production and enhanced glucose tolerance following ip glucose tolerance test. Moreover, acute activation of PPG neuronsNTS enhanced whole-body insulin sensitivity as indicated by increased glucose infusion rate as well as augmented insulin-suppression of endogenous glucose production and gluconeogenesis. In contrast, insulin-stimulation of glucose disposal was not altered significantly. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that acute activation of PPG neurons in the brainstem reduces basal glucose production, enhances intraperitoneal glucose tolerance, and augments hepatic insulin sensitivity, suggesting an important physiological role of PPG neurons-mediated circuitry in promoting glycemic control and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shangdong 256603, China; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shaji Chacko
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Depei Li
- Department of Critical Care, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Douglas Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinfu Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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228
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Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with O, N-chelate stabilized diarylborinates. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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229
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Fliegert R, Bauche A, Wolf Pérez AM, Watt JM, Rozewitz MD, Winzer R, Janus M, Gu F, Rosche A, Harneit A, Flato M, Moreau C, Kirchberger T, Wolters V, Potter BVL, Guse AH. 2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-diphosphoribose is an endogenous TRPM2 superagonist. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:1036-1044. [PMID: 28671679 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a ligand-gated Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel. Whereas physiological stimuli, such as chemotactic agents, evoke controlled Ca2+ signals via TRPM2, pathophysiological stimuli such as reactive oxygen species and genotoxic stress result in prolonged TRPM2-mediated Ca2+ entry and, consequently, apoptosis. To date, adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR) has been assumed to be the main agonist for TRPM2. Here we show that 2'-deoxy-ADPR was a significantly better TRPM2 agonist, inducing 10.4-fold higher whole-cell currents at saturation. Mechanistically, this increased activity was caused by a decreased rate of inactivation and higher average open probability. Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry, we detected endogenous 2'-deoxy-ADPR in Jurkat T lymphocytes. Consistently, cytosolic nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT-2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-glycohydrolase CD38 sequentially catalyzed the synthesis of 2'-deoxy-ADPR from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 2'-deoxy-ATP in vitro. Thus, 2'-deoxy-ADPR is an endogenous TRPM2 superagonist that may act as a cell signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Fliegert
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriana-Michelle Wolf Pérez
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna M Watt
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Medicinal Chemistry &Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Monika D Rozewitz
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mareike Janus
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Feng Gu
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Rosche
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Harneit
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Flato
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christelle Moreau
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Tanja Kirchberger
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Wolters
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Medicinal Chemistry &Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Living organisms continually experience changes in ambient temperature. To detect such temperature changes for adaptive behavioral responses, we evolved the ability to sense temperature. Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, so-called thermo-TRPs, are involved in many physiologic functions in diverse organisms and constitute important temperature sensors. One of the important roles of thermo-TRPs is detecting ambient temperature in sensory neurons. Importantly, the functional expression of thermo-TRPs is observed not only in sensory neurons but also in tissues and cells that are not exposed to drastic temperature changes, indicating that thermo-TRPs are involved in many physiologic functions within the body's normal temperature range. Among such thermo-TRPs, this review focuses on one thermo-sensitive metabolic sensor in particular, TRPM2, and summarizes recent progress to clarify the regulatory mechanisms and physiologic functions of TRPM2 at body temperature under various metabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kashio
- a Department of Physiology , Aichi Medical University , Nagakute , Aichi , Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- b Division of Cell Signaling , Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences) , Okazaki , Aichi , Japan.,c Department of Physiological Sciences , SOKENDAI , Okazaki , Aichi , Japan.,d Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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Gachkar S, Oelkrug R, Martinez-Sanchez N, Rial-Pensado E, Warner A, Hoefig CS, López M, Mittag J. 3-Iodothyronamine Induces Tail Vasodilation Through Central Action in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1977-1984. [PMID: 28368510 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
3-Iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) is an endogenous thyroid hormone (TH)-derived metabolite that induces severe hypothermia in mice after systemic administration; however, the underlying mechanisms have remained enigmatic. We show here that the rapid 3-T1AM-induced loss in body temperature is a consequence of peripheral vasodilation and subsequent heat loss (e.g., over the tail surface). The condition is subsequently intensified by hypomotility and a lack of brown adipose tissue activation. Although the possible 3-T1AM targets trace amine-associated receptor 1 or α2a-adrenergic receptor were detected in tail artery and aorta respectively, myograph studies did not show any direct effect of 3-T1AM on vasodilation, suggesting that its actions are likely indirect. Intracerebroventricular application of 3-T1AM, however, replicated the phenotype of tail vasodilation and body temperature decline and led to neuronal activation in the hypothalamus, suggesting that the metabolite causes tail vasodilation through a hypothalamic signaling pathway. Consequently, the 3-T1AM response constitutes anapyrexia rather than hypothermia and closely resembles the heat-stress response mediated by hypothalamic temperature-sensitive neurons. Our results thus underline the well-known role of the hypothalamus as the body's thermostat and suggest an additional molecular link between TH signaling and the central control of body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sogol Gachkar
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Medizinische Klinik I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Medizinische Klinik I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Noelia Martinez-Sanchez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Rial-Pensado
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amy Warner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolin S Hoefig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jens Mittag
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Medizinische Klinik I, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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232
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Oxidative stress activates the TRPM2-Ca 2+ -CaMKII-ROS signaling loop to induce cell death in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:957-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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233
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Zierler S, Hampe S, Nadolni W. TRPM channels as potential therapeutic targets against pro-inflammatory diseases. Cell Calcium 2017; 67:105-115. [PMID: 28549569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects our body against foreign pathogens. However, if it overshoots or turns against itself, pro-inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or diabetes develop. Ions, the most basic signaling molecules, shape intracellular signaling cascades resulting in immune cell activation and subsequent immune responses. Mutations in ion channels required for calcium signaling result in human immunodeficiencies and highlight those ion channels as valued targets for therapies against pro-inflammatory diseases. Signaling pathways regulated by melastatin-like transient receptor potential (TRPM) cation channels also play crucial roles in calcium signaling and leukocyte physiology, affecting phagocytosis, degranulation, chemokine and cytokine expression, chemotaxis and invasion, as well as lymphocyte development and proliferation. Therefore, this review discusses their regulation, possible interactions and whether they can be exploited as targets for therapeutic approaches to pro-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Zierler
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarah Hampe
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Nadolni
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, LMU Munich, Germany
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234
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Tupone D, Cano G, Morrison SF. Thermoregulatory inversion: a novel thermoregulatory paradigm. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R779-R786. [PMID: 28330964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To maintain core body temperature in mammals, the normal central nervous system (CNS) thermoregulatory reflex networks produce an increase in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in response to skin cooling and an inhibition of the sympathetic outflow to BAT during skin rewarming. In contrast, these normal thermoregulatory reflexes appear to be inverted in hibernation/torpor; thermogenesis is inhibited during exposure to a cold environment, allowing dramatic reductions in core temperature and metabolism, and thermogenesis is activated during skin rewarming, contributing to a return of normal body temperature. Here, we describe two unrelated experimental paradigms in which rats, a nonhibernating/torpid species, exhibit a "thermoregulatory inversion," which is characterized by an inhibition of BAT thermogenesis in response to skin cooling, and a switch in the gain of the skin cooling reflex transfer function from negative to positive values. Either transection of the neuraxis immediately rostral to the dorsomedial hypothalamus in anesthetized rats or activation of A1 adenosine receptors within the CNS of free-behaving rats produces a state of thermoregulatory inversion in which skin cooling inhibits BAT thermogenesis, leading to hypothermia, and skin warming activates BAT, supporting an increase in core temperature. These results reflect the existence of a novel neural circuit that mediates inverted thermoregulatory reflexes and suggests a pharmacological mechanism through which a deeply hypothermic state can be achieved in nonhibernating/torpid mammals, possibly including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tupone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Georgina Cano
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
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Mortadza SS, Sim JA, Stacey M, Jiang LH. Signalling mechanisms mediating Zn 2+-induced TRPM2 channel activation and cell death in microglial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45032. [PMID: 28322340 PMCID: PMC5359577 DOI: 10.1038/srep45032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive Zn2+ causes brain damage via promoting ROS generation. Here we investigated the role of ROS-sensitive TRPM2 channel in H2O2/Zn2+-induced Ca2+ signalling and cell death in microglial cells. H2O2/Zn2+ induced concentration-dependent increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), which was inhibited by PJ34, a PARP inhibitor, and abolished by TRPM2 knockout (TRPM2-KO). Pathological concentrations of H2O2/Zn2+ induced substantial cell death that was inhibited by PJ34 and DPQ, PARP inhibitors, 2-APB, a TRPM2 channel inhibitor, and prevented by TRPM2-KO. Further analysis indicate that Zn2+ induced ROS production, PARP-1 stimulation, increase in the [Ca2+]c and cell death, all of which were suppressed by chelerythrine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, DPI, a NADPH-dependent oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, GKT137831, a NOX1/4 inhibitor, and Phox-I2, a NOX2 inhibitor. Furthermore, Zn2+-induced PARP-1 stimulation, increase in the [Ca2+]c and cell death were inhibited by PF431396, a Ca2+-sensitive PYK2 inhibitor, and U0126, a MEK/ERK inhibitor. Taken together, our study shows PKC/NOX-mediated ROS generation and PARP-1 activation as an important mechanism in Zn2+-induced TRPM2 channel activation and, TRPM2-mediated increase in the [Ca2+]c to trigger the PYK2/MEK/ERK signalling pathway as a positive feedback mechanism that amplifies the TRPM2 channel activation. Activation of these TRPM2-depenent signalling mechanisms ultimately drives Zn2+-induced Ca2+ overloading and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Syed Mortadza
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Joan A Sim
- School of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stacey
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury, and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, PR China
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236
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237
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Yu P, Xue X, Zhang J, Hu X, Wu Y, Jiang LH, Jin H, Luo J, Zhang L, Liu Z, Yang W. Identification of the ADPR binding pocket in the NUDT9 homology domain of TRPM2. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:219-235. [PMID: 28108595 PMCID: PMC5299621 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel occurs during the response to oxidative stress under physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes such as ischemia and diabetes. Accumulating evidence indicates that adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is the most important endogenous ligand of TRPM2. However, although it is known that ADPR binds to the NUDT9 homology (NUDT9-H) domain in the intracellular C-terminal region, the molecular mechanism underlying ADPR binding and activation of TRPM2 remains unknown. In this study, we generate a structural model of the NUDT9-H domain and identify the binding pocket for ADPR using induced docking and molecular dynamics simulation. We find a subset of 11 residues-H1346, T1347, T1349, L1379, G1389, S1391, E1409, D1431, R1433, L1484, and H1488-that are most likely to directly interact with ADPR. Results from mutagenesis and electrophysiology approaches support the predicted binding mechanism, indicating that ADPR binds tightly to the NUDT9-H domain, and suggest that the most significant interactions are the van der Waals forces with S1391 and L1484, polar solvation interaction with E1409, and electronic interactions (including π-π interactions) with H1346, T1347, Y1349, D1431, and H1488. These findings not only clarify the roles of a range of newly identified residues involved in ADPR binding in the TRPM2 channel, but also reveal the binding pocket for ADPR in the NUDT9-H domain, which should facilitate structure-based drug design for the TRPM2 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xupang Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, England, UK.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China.,Sino-UK Brain Function Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan 453003, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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238
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Abstract
The homeostatic control of body temperature is essential for survival in mammals and is known to be regulated in part by temperature-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus. However, the specific neural pathways and corresponding neural populations have not been fully elucidated. To identify these pathways, we used cFos staining to identify neurons that are activated by a thermal challenge and found induced expression in subsets of neurons within the ventral part of the lateral preoptic nucleus (vLPO) and the dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMD). Activation of GABAergic neurons in the vLPO using optogenetics reduced body temperature, along with a decrease in physical activity. Optogenetic inhibition of these neurons resulted in fever-level hyperthermia. These GABAergic neurons project from the vLPO to the DMD and optogenetic stimulation of the nerve terminals in the DMD also reduced body temperature and activity. Electrophysiological recording revealed that the vLPO GABAergic neurons suppressed neural activity in DMD neurons, and fiber photometry of calcium transients revealed that DMD neurons were activated by cold. Accordingly, activation of DMD neurons using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) or optogenetics increased body temperature with a strong increase in energy expenditure and activity. Finally, optogenetic inhibition of DMD neurons triggered hypothermia, similar to stimulation of the GABAergic neurons in the vLPO. Thus, vLPO GABAergic neurons suppressed the thermogenic effect of DMD neurons. In aggregate, our data identify vLPO→DMD neural pathways that reduce core temperature in response to a thermal challenge, and we show that outputs from the DMD can induce activity-induced thermogenesis.
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239
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Khajavi N, Mergler S, Biebermann H. 3-Iodothyronamine, a Novel Endogenous Modulator of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:198. [PMID: 28861042 PMCID: PMC5561014 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The decarboxylated and deiodinated thyroid hormone (TH) derivative, 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM), is suggested to be involved in energy metabolism and thermoregulation. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known as the main targets for 3-T1AM; however, transient receptor potential channels (TRPs) were also recently identified as new targets of 3-T1AM. This article reviews the current knowledge of a putative novel role of 3-T1AM in the modulation of TRPs. Specifically, the TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8) was identified as a target of 3-T1AM in different cell types including neoplastic cells, whereby 3-T1AM significantly increased cytosolic Ca2+ through TRPM8 activation. Similarly, the β-adrenergic receptor is involved in 3-T1AM-induced Ca2+ influx. Therefore, it has been suggested that 3-T1AM-induced Ca2+ mobilization might be due to β-adrenergic receptor/TRPM8 channel interaction, which adds to the complexity of GPCR regulation by TRPs. It has been revealed that TRPM8 activation leads to a decline in TRPV1 activity, which may be of therapeutic benefit in clinical circumstances such as treatment of TRPV1-mediated inflammatory hyperalgesia, colitis, and dry eye syndrome. This review also summarizes the inverse association between changes in TRPM8 and TRPV1 activity after 3-T1AM stimulation. This finding prompted further detailed investigations of the interplay between 3-T1AM and the GPCR/TRPM8 axis and indicated the probability of additional GPCR/TRP constellations that are modulated by this TH derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushafarin Khajavi
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Noushafarin Khajavi,
| | - Stefan Mergler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institute for Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University of Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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MORI Y, TAKAHASHI N, KUROKAWA T, KIYONAKA S. TRP channels in oxygen physiology: distinctive functional properties and roles of TRPA1 in O 2 sensing. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:464-482. [PMID: 28769017 PMCID: PMC5713176 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) proteins form cation channels characterized by a wide variety of activation triggers. Here, we overview a group of TRP channels that respond to reactive redox species to transduce physiological signals, with a focus on TRPA1 and its role in oxygen physiology. Our systematic evaluation of oxidation sensitivity using cysteine-selective reactive disulphides with different redox potentials reveals that TRPA1 has the highest sensitivity to oxidants/electrophiles among the TRP channels, which enables it to sense O2. Proline hydroxylation by O2-dependent hydroxylases also regulates the O2-sensing function by inhibiting TRPA1 in normoxia; TRPA1 is activated by hypoxia through relief from the inhibition and by hyperoxia through cysteine oxidation that overrides the inhibition. TRPA1 enhances neuronal discharges induced by hyperoxia and hypoxia in the vagus to underlie respiratory adaptation to changes in O2 availability. This importance of TRPA1 in non-carotid body O2 sensors can be extended to the universal significance of redox-sensitive TRP channels in O2 adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo MORI
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: Y. Mori, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Nobuaki TAKAHASHI
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki KUROKAWA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki KIYONAKA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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241
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Morris NB, Filingeri D, Halaki M, Jay O. Evidence of viscerally-mediated cold-defence thermoeffector responses in man. J Physiol 2016; 595:1201-1212. [PMID: 27929204 DOI: 10.1113/jp273052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Visceral thermoreceptors that modify thermoregulatory responses are widely accepted in animal but not human thermoregulation models. Recently, we have provided evidence of viscerally-mediated sweating alterations in humans during exercise brought about by warm and cool fluid ingestion. In the present study, we characterize the modification of shivering and whole-body thermal sensation during cold stress following the administration of a graded thermal stimuli delivered to the stomach via fluid ingestion at 52, 37, 22 and 7°C. Despite no differences in core and skin temperature, fluid ingestion at 52°C rapidly decreased shivering and sensations of cold compared to 37°C, whereas fluid ingestion at 22 and 7°C led to equivalent increases in these responses. Warm and cold fluid ingestion independently modifies cold defence thermoeffector responses, supporting the presence of visceral thermoreceptors in humans. However, the cold-defence thermoeffector response patterns differed from previously identified hot-defence thermoeffectors. ABSTRACT Sudomotor activity is modified by both warm and cold fluid ingestion during heat stress, independently of differences in core and skin temperatures, suggesting independent viscerally-mediated modification of thermoeffectors. The present study aimed to determine whether visceral thermoreceptors modify shivering responses to cold stress. Ten males (mean ± SD: age 27 ± 5 years; height 1.73 ± 0.06 m, weight 78.4 ± 10.7 kg) underwent whole-body cooling via a water perfusion suit at 5°C, on four occasions, to induce a steady-state shivering response, at which point two aliquots of 1.5 ml kg-1 (SML) and 3.0 ml kg-1 (LRG), separated by 20 min, of water at 7, 22, 37 or 52°C were ingested. Rectal, mean skin and mean body temperature (Tb ), electromyographic activity (EMG), metabolic rate (M) and whole-body thermal sensation on a visual analogue scale (WBTS) ranging from 0 mm (very cold) to 200 mm (very hot) were all measured throughout. Tb was not different between all fluid temperatures following SML fluid ingestion (7°C: 35.7 ± 0.5°C; 22°C: 35.6 ± 0.5°C; 37°C: 35.5 ± 0.4°C; 52°C: 35.5 ± 0.4°C; P = 0.27) or LRG fluid ingestion (7°C: 35.3 ± 0.6°C; 22°C: 35.3 ± 0.5°C; 37°C: 35.2 ± 0.5°C; 52°C: 35.3 ± 0.5°C; P = 0.99). With SML fluid ingestion, greater metabolic rates and cooler thermal sensations were observed with ingestion at 7°C (M: 179 ± 55 W, WBTS: 29 ± 21 mm) compared to 52°C (M: 164 ± 34 W, WBTS: 51 ± 28 mm; all P < 0.05). With LRG ingestion, compared to shivering and thermal sensations with ingestion at 37°C (M: 215 ± 47 W, EMG: 3.9 ± 2.5% MVC, WBTS: 33 ± 2 mm), values were different (all P < 0.05) following ingestion at 7°C (M: 269 ± 77 W, EMG: 5.5 ± 0.9% MVC, WBTS: 14 ± 12 mm), 22°C (M: 270 ± 86 W, EMG: 5.6 ± 1.0% MVC, WBTS: 18 ± 19 mm) and 52°C (M: 179 ± 34 W, EMG: 3.3 ± 2.1% MVC, WBTS: 53 ± 28 mm). In conclusion, fluid ingestion at 52°C decreased shivering and the sensation of coolness, whereas fluid ingestion at 22 and 7°C increased shivering and sensations of coolness to similar levels, independently of core and skin temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Morris
- Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Davide Filingeri
- Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Environmental Design Research, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Halaki
- Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ollie Jay
- Thermal Ergonomics Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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242
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Li K, Gong Z. Feeling Hot and Cold: Thermal Sensation in Drosophila. Neurosci Bull 2016; 33:317-322. [PMID: 27995563 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensing environmental temperature is crucial for animal life. The model animal, Drosophila melanogaster, can be investigated with a large number of genetic tools, which have greatly facilitated studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of thermal sensing. At the molecular level, a group of proteins, including Transient Receptor Potential channels and ionotropic receptors, have been characterized as potential thermal sensors in both larval and adult Drosophila. At the cellular and circuit levels, peripheral and central thermosensory neurons have been identified. More interestingly, thermal information has been found to be specifically encoded by specific central neurons. In this short review, we mainly survey the progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of thermosensation and the neuronal mechanisms of thermal information processing in the brain of Drosophila. Other recent temperature-related findings such as its impact on neurosecretion and thermotactic behavior in Drosophila are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhefeng Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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243
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Zimmer J, Weitnauer M, Boutin S, Küblbeck G, Thiele S, Walker P, Lasitschka F, Lunding L, Orinska Z, Vock C, Arnold B, Wegmann M, Dalpke A. Nuclear Localization of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 Regulates Local Immunity in the Lung. Front Immunol 2016; 7:514. [PMID: 27917175 PMCID: PMC5114302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) is a negative feedback inhibitor of cytoplasmic Janus kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling. SOCS1 also contains a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), yet, the in vivo importance of nuclear translocation is unknown. We generated transgenic mice containing mutated Socs1ΔNLS that fails to translocate in the cell nucleus (MGLtg mice). Whereas mice fully deficient for SOCS1 die within the first 3 weeks due to excessive interferon signaling and multiorgan inflammation, mice expressing only non-nuclear Socs1ΔNLS (Socs1-/-MGLtg mice) were rescued from early lethality. Canonical interferon gamma signaling was still functional in Socs1-/-MGLtg mice as shown by unaltered tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and whole genome expression analysis. However, a subset of NFκB inducible genes was dysregulated. Socs1-/-MGLtg mice spontaneously developed low-grade inflammation in the lung and had elevated Th2-type cytokines. Upon ovalbumin sensitization and challenge, airway eosinophilia was increased in Socs1-/-MGLtg mice. Decreased transepithelial electrical resistance in trachea epithelial cells from Socs1-/-MGLtg mice suggests disrupted epithelial cell barrier. The results indicate that nuclear SOCS1 is a regulator of local immunity in the lung and unravel a so far unrecognized function for SOCS1 in the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zimmer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Weitnauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Thiele
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Patrick Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Division of Asthma Mouse Model, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany
| | - Zane Orinska
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany; Division of Experimental Pneumology, Prority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany; Division of Experimental Pneumology, Prority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Bernd Arnold
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany; Division of Asthma Mouse Model, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; Airway Research Center North, Borstel, Germany
| | - Alexander Dalpke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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244
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretel B Kamm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 366 . 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 366 . 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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245
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Abstract
Two recent studies reveal a crucial role for the cation channel TRPM2 in sensing warm temperatures, both in the thermoregulatory center of the brain and in the somatosensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium
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246
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247
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Bartfai
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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