201
|
Mu W, Luo J, Rieger S, Trautwein U, Roberts BW. The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depression when Controlling for Neuroticism. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research has examined the interplay of depression and self-esteem in an effort to determine whether depression causes self-esteem (scar model), or vice versa (vulnerability model). In the current longitudinal study (N = 2,318), we tested whether neuroticism served as a confounding variable that accounted for the association of depression and self-esteem, using both cross-lag models and latent growth models. We found neuroticism accounted for the majority of covariance between depression and self-esteem, to the degree that the scar and vulnerability models appear to be inadequate explanations for the relation between depression and self-esteem. Alternatively, neuroticism appears to be a viable cause of both depression and self-esteem and could explain prior work linking the two constructs over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Mu
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, US
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, US
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US
| | - Sven Rieger
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, DE
| | - Ulrich Trautwein
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, DE
| | - Brent W. Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, US
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, DE
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Van Zalk N, Smith R. Internalizing Profiles of Homeless Adults: Investigating Links Between Perceived Ostracism and Need-Threat. Front Psychol 2019; 10:350. [PMID: 30842750 PMCID: PMC6391344 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Social ostracism among the homeless is a prevailing problem, yet few studies have focused on whether internalizing psychopathology moderates the links between feeling ostracized and perceiving threats to fundamental human needs. This study used a person-oriented approach to identify commonly occurring profiles of internalizing psychopathology characterized by symptoms of social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression (Low, Medium, and High Internalizers) among homeless participants residing in London, United Kingdom (N = 114; age range = 18–74; Mage = 46; 25% women). Data on perceived ostracism (feeling ignored and daily discrimination) and need-threat (belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and feelings of control) was also collected. Controlling for the effects of age, living arrangement, gender, and time being homeless, feeling ignored was a significant predictor of need-threat, whereas daily discrimination was not. One significant interaction on the links between daily discrimination and need-threat emerged between Low and Medium Internalizers. For Medium Internalizers, high levels of daily discrimination were associated with high levels of need-threat. The effect was similar for High Internalizers and the opposite for Low Internalizers, though it was not significant within those groups. Taken together, these results indicate that differences in patterns of internalizing psychopathology should be taken into account when attempting to make homeless individuals feel more included in their surroundings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nejra Van Zalk
- Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Department of Psychology, Social Work and Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Suzuki T, South SC, Samuel DB, Wright AGC, Yalch MM, Hopwood CJ, Thomas KM. Measurement invariance of the DSM-5 Section III pathological personality trait model across sex. Personal Disord 2019; 10:114-122. [PMID: 29952589 PMCID: PMC6310673 DOI: 10.1037/per0000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The dimensional pathological personality trait model proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Section III Criterion B, has shown promising results for its validity and utility in conceptualizing personality pathology. However, as its structural equivalence across sex is yet to be tested, the validity for the model across males and females remains uncertain. In the present article, we examined sex measurement invariance of the DSM-5 trait model in a large undergraduate sample using the Personality Inventory for DSM-5. A series of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses suggested that, although the exact facet-domain relationships as specified in the DSM-5 were not observed, the facets generally organize into a model with five latent factors similar to those listed in the DSM-5 Section III Criterion B. Further, these five factors were fully measurement invariant across sex at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. Examination of the latent trait mean levels suggests that females tend to have higher scores on latent Negative Affectivity, whereas males tend to have higher scores on latent Antagonism, Detachment, Psychoticism, and Disinhibition. These results indicate that the DSM-5 Section III pathological personality trait model is fully structurally equivalent across sex, a property that is lacking in the traditional categorical model in Section II. This further validates the use of the dimensional DSM-5 trait model for personality disorder assessment and conceptualization in both research and clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
204
|
The dimensionality and latent structure of mental health difficulties and wellbeing in early adolescence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213018. [PMID: 30807608 PMCID: PMC6391027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research with adults and older adolescents suggests a general factor may underlie both mental health difficulties and wellbeing. However, the classical bifactor model commonly used to demonstrate this general trait has recently been criticised when a unidimensional structure is not supported. Furthermore, research is lacking in this area with children and early adolescents. We present confirmatory factor analysis models to explore the structure of psychopathology and wellbeing in early adolescents, using secondary data from a large U.K. sample (N = 1982). A simple correlated factors structure fitted the data well and revealed that wellbeing was just as related to internalising as this was to externalising symptoms. The classical bifactor solution also fitted the data well but was rejected as the general factor explained only 55% of the total common variance. S-1 models were therefore used to explore general covariance in a more robust way, and revealed that a general internalising distress factor could play an important role in all item responses. Gender and income differences in mental health were also explored through invariance testing and correlations. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering mental health difficulties and wellbeing items together, and suggestions are made for how their correspondence could be controlled for.
Collapse
|
205
|
Sarwer DB, Allison KC, Wadden TA, Ashare R, Spitzer JC, McCuen-Wurst C, LaGrotte C, Williams NN, Edwards M, Tewksbury C, Wu J. Psychopathology, disordered eating, and impulsivity as predictors of outcomes of bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:650-655. [PMID: 30858009 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes of bariatric surgery, while frequently impressive, are not universal and vary between patients and across surgical procedures. Between 20% and 30% of patients experience suboptimal weight loss or significant weight regain within the first few postoperative years. The reasons for this are not fully understood, but likely involve both physiologic processes, behavioral factors, and psychological characteristics. Evidence suggests that preoperative psychosocial status and functioning can contribute to suboptimal weight losses and/or postoperative psychosocial distress. Much of this work has focused on the presence of recognized psychiatric diagnoses and with particular emphasis on mood disorders as well as binge eating disorder. Several studies have suggested that the presence of preoperative psychopathology is associated with suboptimal weight losses, postoperative complications, and less positive psychosocial outcomes. Contemporary psychological theory suggests that it may be shared features across diagnoses, rather than a discrete diagnosis, that better characterizes psychopathology. Mood and substance use disorders as well as binge eating disorder, share common features of impulsivity, although clinicians and researchers often use complementary, yet different terms, such as emotional dysregulation or disinhibition (i.e., loss of control over eating, as applied to food intake), to describe the phenomenon. Impulse control is a central factor in eating behavior and extreme obesity. It also may contribute to the experience of suboptimal outcomes after bariatric surgery, including smaller than expected weight loss and psychosocial distress. This paper reviews the literature in these areas of research and articulates a direction for future studies of these complex relationships among persons with extreme obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David B Sarwer
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kelly C Allison
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline C Spitzer
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney McCuen-Wurst
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caitlin LaGrotte
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Noel N Williams
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen Tewksbury
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingwei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Eisenbarth H, Godinez D, du Pont A, Corley RP, Stallings MC, Rhee SH. The influence of stressful life events, psychopathy, and their interaction on internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:438-446. [PMID: 30611961 PMCID: PMC6428049 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to stressful life events increases risk for both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, but less is known about moderators of the association between stressful life events and psychopathology. The present study examined the influence of stressful life events, psychopathy, and their interaction on internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in 3877 individuals from the community. We hypothesized that (1) exposure to stressful life events would be a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology, (2) primary and secondary psychopathy would be differentially associated with internalizing psychopathology, and (3) primary psychopathy would moderate the association between stressful life events and internalizing psychopathology. Confirming existing findings, our results were consistent with the first and second hypotheses. In contrast to our third hypothesis, primary psychopathy was not associated with stressful life events in childhood, inconsistently associated with stressful life events in adolescence, and did not moderate the association between stressful life events and internalizing psychopathology. Furthermore, stressful life events across development were associated with secondary psychopathy and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. We also found similar associations between stressful life events, psychopathy, and psychopathology in females and males. Future studies investigating the impact of stressful life events on psychopathology should include psychopathic traits and stress-reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig Eisenbarth
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington 6011, New Zealand.
| | - Detre Godinez
- Department of Human Services, Office of Behavioral Health, Colorado
| | - Alta du Pont
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Soo Hyun Rhee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Abnormal emotional reactivity in depression: Contrasting theoretical models using neurophysiological data. Biol Psychol 2019; 141:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
208
|
Berghuis H, Ingenhoven TJM, Heijden PTVD, Rossi GMP, Schotte CKW. Assessment of Pathological Traits in DSM-5 Personality Disorders By the DAPP-BQ: How Do These Traits Relate to the Six Personality Disorder Types of the Alternative Model? J Pers Disord 2019; 33:49-70. [PMID: 29120278 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2017_31_329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The six personality disorder (PD) types in DSM-5 section III are intended to resemble their DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PD counterparts, but are now described by the level of personality functioning (criterion A) and an assigned trait profile (criterion B). However, concerns have been raised about the validity of these PD types. The present study examined the continuity between the DSM-IV/DSM-5 section II PDs and the corresponding trait profiles of the six DSM-5 section III PDs in a sample of 350 Dutch psychiatric patients. Facets of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) were presumed as representations (proxies) of the DSM-5 section III traits. Correlational patterns between the DAPP-BQ and the six PDs were consistent with previous research between DAPP-BQ and DSM-IV PDs. Moreover, DAPP-BQ proxies were able to predict the six selected PDs. However, the assigned trait profile for each PD didn't fully match the corresponding PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Berghuis
- Centre for Psychotherapy, Pro Persona, Lunteren, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul T van der Heijden
- Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands and Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris K W Schotte
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Foster KT, Hicks BM, Zucker RA. Positive and negative effects of internalizing on alcohol use problems from childhood to young adulthood: The mediating and suppressing role of externalizing. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 127:394-403. [PMID: 29745704 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding hypothesis is that some alcohol use problems (AUP) develop and are maintained through the "self-medication" of internalizing (INT; depression and anxiety) problems. However, their high rate of co-occurrence with one another and with externalizing (EXT; antisocial behavior and impulse control) problems obscures any causal association because EXT may account for the INT-AUP link. Using a large community sample, we estimated prospective effects of INT and EXT on AUP via latent cross-lagged mediation panel spanning 14 years from childhood (ages 9-11) to young adulthood (ages 21-23). After adjusting for the cross-lagged, concurrent, and stability effects across factors, INT decreased AUP risk through its direct and indirect effects and increased AUP risk through shared variance with EXT. Between childhood and young adulthood, unique aspects of INT reduced risk for AUP while aspects of INT shared with EXT increased risk for AUP. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
|
210
|
de Beurs E, Vissers E, Schoevers R, Carlier IVE, van Hemert AM, Meesters Y. Comparative responsiveness of generic versus disorder-specific instruments for depression: An assessment in three longitudinal datasets. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:93-102. [PMID: 30188602 PMCID: PMC6586043 DOI: 10.1002/da.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) may enhance individual treatment and is also advocated as a means to compare the outcome of different treatment programs or providers. There is debate on the optimal instruments to be used for these separate tasks. METHODS Three sets with longitudinal data from ROM were analyzed with correlational analysis and repeated measures ANOVAs, allowing for a head-to-head comparison of measures regarding their sensitivity to detect change. The responsiveness of three disorder-specific instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, and the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire, was compared to three generic instruments, the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45), and the Brief Symptom Inventory, respectively. RESULTS In two of the three datasets, disorder-specific measures were more responsive compared to the total score on generic instruments. Subscale scores for depression embedded within generic instruments are second best and almost match disorder-specific scales in responsiveness. No evidence of a desynchronous response on outcome measures was found. LIMITATIONS The present study compares measures head-to-had, and responsiveness is not assessed against an external criterion, such as clinical recovery. DISCUSSION Disorder-specific measures yield the most precise assessment for individual treatment and are recommended for clinical use. Generic measures may allow for comparisons across diagnostic groups and their embedded subscales approach the responsiveness of disorder-specific measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin de Beurs
- Faculty of Clinical PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ellen Vissers
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Robert Schoevers
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ybe Meesters
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Ignatyev Y, Baggio S, Mundt AP. The Underlying Structure of Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Prison Populations. Psychopathology 2019; 52:2-9. [PMID: 30654380 DOI: 10.1159/000495844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of mental disorders have been reported for prison populations. Understanding patterns of comorbidity may be essential for the development of adequate treatment interventions. The present study aimed to assess the underlying structure of comorbidity between mental health and substance use disorders in prison populations. METHODS Current mental disorders were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview in a cross-sectional observational study of 427 individuals consecutively committed to prison facilities in Santiago, Chile. Five alternative structural models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Latent class analysis of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders was carried out. RESULTS CFA indicated the best fit for a bifactor model with a general psychopathology P factor and specific internalizing and externalizing factors. Borderline personality disorder loaded highest on the P factor (0.85). The latent comorbidity structure showed a four-class solution representing one class without relevant comorbidities (48% prevalence) and three classes representing the following comorbidities: (1) externalizing disorders including substance use and antisocial personality disorder (31%), (2) internalizing disorders including anxiety disorders (10%), and (3) all types of disorders co-occurring (11%). Major depression and borderline personality disorder were present across all three latent classes of comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Prison mental health services need to serve a highly comorbid population. Specific approaches may be useful for an externalizing and an internalizing spectrum of disorders. An important group of individuals with all types of mental disorders co-occurring may need new approaches in treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Ignatyev
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Immanuel Klinik, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Baggio
- Division of Prison Health, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrian P Mundt
- Medical Faculty, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile, .,Medical School, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt, Chile,
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA. Brain space and time in mental disorders: Paradigm shift in biological psychiatry. Int J Psychiatry Med 2019; 54:53-63. [PMID: 30073888 DOI: 10.1177/0091217418791438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary psychiatry faces serious challenges because it has failed to incorporate accumulated knowledge from basic neuroscience, neurophilosophy, and brain-mind relation studies. As a consequence, it has limited explanatory power, and effective treatment options are hard to come by. A new conceptual framework for understanding mental health based on underlying neurobiological spatial-temporal mechanisms of mental disorders (already gained by the experimental studies) is beginning to emerge.
Collapse
|
213
|
Cauda F, Nani A, Manuello J, Liloia D, Tatu K, Vercelli U, Duca S, Fox PT, Costa T. The alteration landscape of the cerebral cortex. Neuroimage 2019; 184:359-371. [PMID: 30237032 PMCID: PMC7384593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence is challenging the assumption that brain disorders are diagnostically clear-cut categories. Transdiagnostic studies show that a set of cerebral areas is frequently altered in a variety of psychiatric as well as neurological syndromes. In order to provide a map of the altered areas in the pathological brain we devised a metric, called alteration entropy (A-entropy), capable of denoting the "structural alteration variety" of an altered region. Using the whole voxel-based morphometry database of BrainMap, we were able to differentiate the brain areas exhibiting a high degree of overlap between different neuropathologies (or high value of A-entropy) from those exhibiting a low degree of overlap (or low value of A-entropy). The former, which are parts of large-scale brain networks with attentional, emotional, salience, and premotor functions, are thought to be more vulnerable to a great range of brain diseases; while the latter, which include the sensorimotor, visual, inferior temporal, and supramarginal regions, are thought to be more informative about the specific impact of brain diseases. Since low A-entropy areas appear to be altered by a smaller number of brain disorders, they are more informative than the areas characterized by high values of A-entropy. It is also noteworthy that even the areas showing low values of A-entropy are substantially altered by a variety of brain disorders. In fact, no cerebral area appears to be only altered by a specific disorder. Our study shows that the overlap of areas with high A-entropy provides support for a transdiagnostic approach to brain disorders but, at the same time, suggests that fruitful differences can be traced among brain diseases, as some areas can exhibit an alteration profile more specific to certain disorders than to others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cauda
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Andrea Nani
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jordi Manuello
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Donato Liloia
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karina Tatu
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Vercelli
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Duca
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, USA
| | - Tommaso Costa
- GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; FOCUS Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
|
215
|
Berke DS, Reidy D, Zeichner A. Masculinity, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: A critical review and integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 66:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
216
|
Ballespí S, Vives J, Debbané M, Sharp C, Barrantes-Vidal N. Beyond diagnosis: Mentalization and mental health from a transdiagnostic point of view in adolescents from non-clinical population. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:755-763. [PMID: 30551321 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing volume of evidence suggests that mentalization (MZ) can be an important factor in the transition from mental health to mental illness and vice versa. However, most studies are focused on the role of MZ in specific disorders. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between MZ and mental health as a trans-diagnostic process. A sample of 172 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old (M = 14.6, SD = 1.7; 56.4% of girls) was assessed on measures of MZ, psychopathology and psychological functioning from a multimethod and multi-informant perspective. Contrary to predictions, MZ was not associated with general psychopathology and comorbidity, even when explored from a broad, trans-diagnostic perspective. However, we observed a robust association linking MZ to functioning and well-being across many dimensions, involving social, role and several psychological indicators of adjustment and mental health. These results suggest that MZ may contribute to mental health beyond symptoms, not so much associated with psychopathology, but rather resilience and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Ballespí
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jaume Vives
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martin Debbané
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental NeuroImaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Mental Health. Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Carver CS, Johnson SL. Impulsive reactivity to emotion and vulnerability to psychopathology. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018; 73:1067-1078. [PMID: 30525782 PMCID: PMC6309622 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Impulsiveness has been studied as an aspect of personality and psychopathology for generations. There are longstanding disagreements about how to define it and whether it should be viewed as one construct or several. This article begins by briefly reviewing some earlier and some more recent work on impulsiveness. Several approaches have recently converged to focus on a distinction between impulsive reactions to emotion and impulsive properties that are not initiated by emotion. From this review, we turn to psychopathology. It is well known that impulsiveness is related to externalizing psychopathology, but some have concluded that a similar relation does not exist for internalizing psychopathology. A recent literature is described that challenges the latter conclusion, linking impulsive reactivity to emotion to both externalizing and internalizing aspects of psychopathology. Discussion then turns to emotion-related impulsiveness and other constructs to which it is conceptually and empirically related, reexamining whether other conceptual targets should be added to the discussion. The article closes with a consideration of how important it is to continue to remain open to new conceptual perspectives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
218
|
Hamlat EJ, Snyder HR, Young JF, Hankin BL. Pubertal Timing as a Transdiagnostic Risk for Psychopathology in Youth. Clin Psychol Sci 2018; 7:411-429. [PMID: 31179165 DOI: 10.1177/2167702618810518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that early pubertal timing may operate as a transdiagnostic risk factor (i.e., shared across syndromes of psychopathology) for both genders. The current study examined associations between pubertal timing and dimensional psychopathology, structured across different levels of three organizational models: 1) DSM-based syndrome model, 2) traditional model of internalizing and externalizing factors, and 3) bifactor (p-factor) model, which includes a general psychopathology factor as well as internalizing- and externalizing- specific factors. For study analyses, 567 youth-parent pairs completed psychopathology measures when youth (55.5% female) were 13.58 (SD = 2.37, range = 9-17). Findings across all models revealed that early pubertal timing served as a transdiagnostic risk factor and also displayed some syndrome specific associations. Gender did not moderate any relationships between pubertal timing and psychopathology. Study findings reinforce the importance of examining risk across different levels of psychopathology conceptualization and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jami F Young
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
219
|
Re-evaluation of the Latent Structure of Common Childhood Disorders: Is There a General Psychopathology Factor (P-Factor)? Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
220
|
|
221
|
Abstract
One concern that has been expressed with the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) presented in DSM-5 is that the description of characteristic impairments in personality function uses concepts requiring considerable experience and clinical inference to apply. To examine this question, the individual indicators included in the AMPD's Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) that describes these core impairments were abstracted as individual items, and then rated on a target acquaintance by 194 undergraduate college students with minimal training in personality disorder and no training in the AMPD. Results indicated that the LPFS indicators were highly internally consistent as rated in this sample, and that the degree of discrimination between groups corresponded very well with the putative level of severity represented for each indicator in the LPFS. These findings support the contention that using the LPFS might not require any particular clinical experience or training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Morey
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Prosser A, Friston KJ, Bakker N, Parr T. A Bayesian Account of Psychopathy: A Model of Lacks Remorse and Self-Aggrandizing. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2018; 2:92-140. [PMID: 30381799 PMCID: PMC6184370 DOI: 10.1162/cpsy_a_00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article proposes a formal model that integrates cognitive and psychodynamic psychotherapeutic models of psychopathy to show how two major psychopathic traits called lacks remorse and self-aggrandizing can be understood as a form of abnormal Bayesian inference about the self. This model draws on the predictive coding (i.e., active inference) framework, a neurobiologically plausible explanatory framework for message passing in the brain that is formalized in terms of hierarchical Bayesian inference. In summary, this model proposes that these two cardinal psychopathic traits reflect entrenched maladaptive Bayesian inferences about the self, which defend against the experience of deep-seated, self-related negative emotions, specifically shame and worthlessness. Support for the model in extant research on the neurobiology of psychopathy and quantitative simulations are provided. Finally, we offer a preliminary overview of a novel treatment for psychopathy that rests on our Bayesian formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Prosser
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Karl J. Friston
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
223
|
Olino TM, Bufferd SJ, Dougherty LR, Dyson MW, Carlson GA, Klein DN. The Development of Latent Dimensions of Psychopathology across Early Childhood: Stability of Dimensions and Moderators of Change. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:1373-1383. [PMID: 29359267 PMCID: PMC6056348 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has described the structure of psychopathology as including one general and multiple specific factors, and this structure has been found in samples across development. However, little work has examined whether this structure is consistent across time, particularly in young children, within the same sample. Further, few studies have examined factors that influence the magnitude of the stability of latent dimensions of psychopathology. In the present study, we examine these issues in a community sample of 545 children assessed at ages 3 and 6. In addition, we explored child temperament, parental history of psychopathology, and parenting behaviors as potential moderators of the longitudinal stability of latent dimensions of psychopathology. We found that the same bifactor model structure identified at age 3 provided an adequate fit to the data at age 6. Further, our model revealed significant homotypic stability of the general, internalizing, and externalizing specific factors. We also found evidence of differentiation of psychopathology over time with the general factor at age 3 predicting the externalizing factor at age 6. However, we failed to identify moderators of the longitudinal associations between psychopathology latent factors. Overall, our results bolster support for the bifactor structure of psychopathology, particularly in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Sara J Bufferd
- California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA
| | | | - Margaret W Dyson
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
224
|
de Jonge P, Wardenaar KJ, Lim CCW, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Andrade LH, Bunting B, Chatterji S, Ciutan M, Gureje O, Karam EG, Lee S, Medina-Mora ME, Moskalewicz J, Navarro-Mateu F, Pennell BE, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Torres Y, Kessler RC, Scott K. The cross-national structure of mental disorders: results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2073-2084. [PMID: 29254513 PMCID: PMC6008201 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The patterns of comorbidity among mental disorders have led researchers to model the underlying structure of psychopathology. While studies have suggested a structure including internalizing and externalizing disorders, less is known with regard to the cross-national stability of this model. Moreover, little data are available on the placement of eating disorders, bipolar disorder and psychotic experiences (PEs) in this structure. METHODS We evaluated the structure of mental disorders with data from the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, including 15 lifetime mental disorders and six PEs. Respondents (n = 5478-15 499) were included from 10 high-, middle- and lower middle-income countries across the world aged 18 years or older. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to evaluate and compare the fit of different factor structures to the lifetime disorder data. Measurement invariance was evaluated with multigroup CFA (MG-CFA). RESULTS A second-order model with internalizing and externalizing factors and fear and distress subfactors best described the structure of common mental disorders. MG-CFA showed that this model was stable across countries. Of the uncommon disorders, bipolar disorder and eating disorder were best grouped with the internalizing factor, and PEs with a separate factor. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that cross-national patterns of lifetime common mental-disorder comorbidity can be explained with a second-order underlying structure that is stable across countries and can be extended to also cover less common mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology,Department of Psychology,Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands
| | - Klaas J Wardenaar
- Department of Psychiatry,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation,University Medical Center Groningen,Groningen,Netherlands
| | - Carmen C W Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine,University of Otago,Dunedin, Otago,New Zealand
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities,UC Davis Health System,Sacramento, California,USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit,IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute,Barcelona,Spain
| | - Laura Helena Andrade
- Núcleo de Epidemiologia Psiquiátrica - LIM 23,Instituto de Psiquiatria Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade,de São Paulo,Brazil
| | | | - Somnath Chatterji
- Department of Information,Evidence and Research, World Health Organization,Geneva,Switzerland
| | - Marius Ciutan
- National School of Public Health,Management and Development,Bucharest,Romania
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry,University College Hospital,Ibadan,Nigeria
| | - Elie G Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology,St George Hospital University Medical Center, Balamand University,Faculty of Medicine,Beirut,Lebanon
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry,Chinese University of Hong Kong,Tai Po,Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud; IMIB-Arrixaca; CIBERESP-Murcia,Murcia,Spain
| | - Beth-Ellen Pennell
- Survey Research Center,Institute for Social Research,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, Michigan,USA
| | | | - José Posada-Villa
- Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Faculty of Social Sciences,Bogota,Colombia
| | - Yolanda Torres
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University,Medellin,Colombia
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Boston, Massachusetts,USA
| | - Kate Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine,University of Otago,Dunedin, Otago,New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Abstract
In both child and adult psychiatry, empirical evidence has now accrued to suggest that a single dimension is able to measure a person's liability to mental disorder, comorbidity among disorders, persistence of disorders over time, and severity of symptoms. This single dimension of general psychopathology has been termed "p," because it conceptually parallels a dimension already familiar to behavioral scientists and clinicians: the "g" factor of general intelligence. As the g dimension reflects low to high mental ability, the p dimension represents low to high psychopathology severity, with thought disorder at the extreme. The dimension of p unites all disorders. It influences present/absent status on hundreds of psychiatric symptoms, which modern nosological systems typically aggregate into dozens of distinct diagnoses, which in turn aggregate into three overarching domains, namely, the externalizing, internalizing, and psychotic experience domains, which finally aggregate into one dimension of psychopathology from low to high: p. Studies show that the higher a person scores on p, the worse that person fares on measures of family history of psychiatric illness, brain function, childhood developmental history, and adult life impairment. A dimension of p may help account for ubiquitous nonspecificity in psychiatry: multiple disorders share the same risk factors and biomarkers and often respond to the same therapies. Here, the authors summarize the history of the unidimensional idea, review modern research into p, demystify statistical models, articulate some implications of p for prevention and clinical practice, and outline a transdiagnostic research agenda. [AJP AT 175: Remembering Our Past As We Envision Our Future October 1910: A Study of Association in Insanity Grace Helen Kent and A.J. Rosanoff: "No sharp distinction can be drawn between mental health and mental disease; a large collection of material shows a gradual and not an abrupt transition from the normal state to pathological states."(Am J Psychiatry 1910; 67(2):317-390 )].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avshalom Caspi
- From the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and the Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, N.C.; and the Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- From the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and the Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, N.C.; and the Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Kotov R, Ruggero CJ, Krueger RF, Watson D, Zimmerman M. The perils of hierarchical exclusion rules: A further word of caution. Depress Anxiety 2018; 35:903-904. [PMID: 30178498 DOI: 10.1002/da.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Camilo J Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Mark Zimmerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Gard AM, Waller R, Swartz JR, Shaw DS, Forbes EE, Hyde LW. Amygdala functional connectivity during socioemotional processing prospectively predicts increases in internalizing symptoms in a sample of low-income, urban, young men. Neuroimage 2018; 178:562-573. [PMID: 29860084 PMCID: PMC6046277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex is critical for socioemotional processing, particularly during face processing. Though processing others' emotions is important for a myriad of complex social behaviors, more research is needed to understand how different types of emotional facial expressions differentially elicit connectivity of the amygdala with widespread neural regions. Moreover, though prior studies have reported cross-sectional associations between altered amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity and internalizing symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety), few studies have examined whether amygdala functional connectivity is prospectively related to changes in these symptoms, with little work focusing on low-income men living in stressful contexts. The current study used psycho-physiological interaction analyses at the within-subjects level to examine how amygdala connectivity differed while participants viewed fearful, angry, and neutral faces. We used structural equation modeling at the between-subjects level, using extracted parameter estimates, to test whether amygdala connectivity during face processing predicted increases in internalizing psychopathology over time, controlling for earlier symptoms. An urban sample of 167 young men from low-income families was employed. Results indicated that negative connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal regions was modulated by emotional face type. Neuronal activity in the cingulate and frontal cortices was connected to amygdala reactivity during fearful and neutral, but not angry, face processing. Moreover, weaker left amygdala-left middle frontal gyrus negative connectivity when viewing fearful faces and stronger right amygdala-left inferior frontal gyrus negative connectivity when viewing neutral faces at age 20 both predicted increases in internalizing behaviors from age 20 to age 22. Our findings show that amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity can predict the persistence of internalizing symptoms among high-risk participants over time but suggest that these patterns may differ depending on the emotional stimuli examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna M Gard
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Johnna R Swartz
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development & Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Calamia M, Markon KE, Sutterer MJ, Tranel D. Examining neural correlates of psychopathology using a lesion-based approach. Neuropsychologia 2018; 117:408-417. [PMID: 29940193 PMCID: PMC7043090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies of individuals with focal brain damage have long been used to expand understanding of the neural basis of psychopathology. However, most previous studies were conducted using small sample sizes and relatively coarse methods for measuring psychopathology or mapping brain-behavior relationships. Here, we examined the factor structure and neural correlates of psychopathology in 232 individuals with focal brain damage, using their responses to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Factor analysis and voxel-based lesion symptom mapping were used to examine the structure and neural correlates of psychopathology in this sample. Consistent with existing MMPI-2-RF literature, separate internalizing, externalizing, and psychotic symptom dimensions were found. In addition, a somatic dimension likely reflecting neurological symptoms was identified. Damage to the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, was associated with scales related to both internalizing problems and psychoticism. Damage to the medial temporal lobe and orbitofrontal cortex was associated with both a general distrust of others and beliefs that one is being personally targeted by others. These findings provide evidence for the critical role of dysfunction in specific frontal and temporal regions in the development of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Calamia
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Kristian E Markon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Matthew J Sutterer
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Conway CC, Raposa EB, Hammen C, Brennan PA. Transdiagnostic pathways from early social stress to psychopathology: a 20-year prospective study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:855-862. [PMID: 29315560 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse family environments confer susceptibility to virtually all psychiatric problems. This study evaluated two possible models to explain this diversity of associations. Stressful family circumstances during childhood could either activate general, transdiagnostic liabilities to mental disorder or promote numerous disorder-specific liabilities. METHODS We recruited a high-risk sample of 815 mother-offspring pairs and assessed social stressors in the family context prospectively from the perinatal period through offspring age 5. We factor analyzed offspring mental disorder diagnoses at age 20 to parse transdiagnostic and disorder-specific dimensions of psychopathology. RESULTS Structural analyses revealed nearly equivalent prospective effects of early family stress on overarching Internalizing (β = .30) and Externalizing (β = .29) dimensions. In contrast, there was no evidence of disorder-specific effects. CONCLUSIONS Social stressors early in life activate transdiagnostic, and not disorder-specific, liabilities to psychopathology. A focus on higher-order dimensions of psychopathology could accelerate etiological research and intervention efforts for stress-linked mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Conway
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Raposa
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
The Startle-Evoked Potential: Negative Affect and Severity of Pathology in Anxiety/Mood Disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:626-634. [PMID: 30047478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative encourages a search for dimensional biological measures of psychopathology unconstrained by current diagnostic categories. Consistent with this aim, the presented research studies a large sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients, assessing differences in principal diagnoses and comorbidity patterns, clinicians' ratings, and questionnaire measures of negative affect and life dysfunction as they relate to a potential brain marker of pathology: the amplitude of the event-related potential (ERP) elicited by a startle-evoking stimulus. METHODS Patients seeking evaluation or treatment for anxiety and mood disorders (N = 208) participated in two tasks at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL): 1) imagining emotional and neutral events and 2) viewing emotional and neutral pictures while acoustic startle probes were presented and the ERP was recorded. For a comparison patient group (N = 120), startle probes were administered and ERPs recorded at the University of Greifswald (Greifswald, Germany) while performing the same imagery task. RESULTS Reduced positive amplitude of a centroparietal startle-evoked ERP (156-352 ms after onset) significantly predicted higher questionnaire scores of anxiety/depression, reports of increased life dysfunction, greater comorbidity, and clinician ratings of heightened severity and poorer prognosis. The effect was general across principal diagnoses, found for both the Florida and German samples, and consistent in pattern despite differences in the tasks administered. CONCLUSIONS The startle-evoked ERP reliably predicts severity and breadth of psychopathology, independent of task context. It is a potential significant contributor to a needed array of biological measures that might improve classification of anxiety and mood disorders.
Collapse
|
231
|
Van Patten R, Weinstock J, McGrath AB. Health Outcomes in Individuals with Problem and Pathological Gambling: An Analysis of the 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Survey System (BRFSS). J Gambl Stud 2018; 34:297-306. [PMID: 28864873 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-017-9712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Problem and pathological gambling refers to subclinical and clinical levels of maladaptive gambling, respectively, and is associated with specific sociodemographic characteristics as well as a number of poor health outcomes. We examined such demographic, physical health, mental health, and health-related behaviors in a sample of 7045 low-risk gamblers and 244 problem/pathological gamblers. Participants completed the 2014 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey. Using the National Opinion Research Center's Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Disorders-CLiP, participants were categorized as either "problem/pathological gamblers" or "low-risk gamblers." Problem/pathological gamblers were younger, more likely to be male, of ethnic minority status, unmarried, and of lower education than low-risk gamblers. No physical health variables differentiated the groups but problem/pathological gamblers reported experiencing significantly more adverse childhood experiences and engaging in significantly more tobacco and alcohol use compared to low-risk gamblers. Moreover, gender moderated relationships between gambling group and several of the alcohol use variables such that male problem/pathological gamblers exhibited greater alcohol use behavior than male low-risk gamblers but no such relationship was present in females. Overall, this study expands the current knowledgebase on disordered gambling and highlights the need to assess disordered gambling in public health samples. Clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
232
|
Who Benefits from Community Mental Health Care? Using Latent Profile Analysis to Identify Differential Treatment Outcomes for Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2320-2336. [PMID: 29974319 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment effectiveness has been shown to vary across subgroups of youth based on characteristics such as comorbidity, problem severity, gender, and age. The current study aims to explore if subgroups of youth, identified by applying latent profile analysis to parent-reported symptoms, age, and gender, are better served by specific usual care services. Archival data from a community mental health center were utilized, including parent-reports of symptoms for 953 youth (44.4% female; ages 4-18) across multiple time-points, and services received. Latent profile analysis identified five subgroups including Low Risk, High Risk, Internalizing, Externalizing, and Delinquent/Depressed. The relationship between the intensity level of services and symptoms varied across subgroups. Specifically, high intensity services were related to a greater reduction in symptoms for the Internalizing, Externalizing, and High Risk subgroups. Implications for future developmental research and clinical applications are discussed.
Collapse
|
233
|
Hannigan LJ, Pingault JB, Krapohl E, McAdams TA, Rijsdijk FV, Eley TC. Genetics of co-developing conduct and emotional problems during childhood and adolescence. Nat Hum Behav 2018; 2:514-521. [PMID: 31097806 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Common genetic influences offer a partial explanation for comorbidity between different psychiatric disorders1-3. However, the genetics underlying co-development-the cross-domain co-occurrence of patterns of change over time-of psychiatric symptoms during childhood and adolescence has not been well explored. Here, we show genetic influence on joint symptom trajectories of parent-reported conduct and emotional problems (overall N = 15,082) across development (4-16 years) using both twin- and genome-wide polygenic score analyses (genotyped N = 2,610). Specifically, we found seven joint symptom trajectories, including two characterized by jointly stable and jointly increasing symptoms of conduct and emotional problems, respectively (7.3% of the sample, collectively). Twin modelling analyses revealed substantial genetic influence on trajectories (heritability estimates range of 0.41-0.78). Furthermore, individuals' risk of being classified in the most symptomatic trajectory classes was significantly predicted by polygenic scores for years-of-education-associated alleles and depressive symptoms-associated alleles. Complementary analyses of child self-reported symptoms across late childhood and early adolescence yielded broadly similar results. Taken together, our results indicate that genetic factors are involved in the co-development of conduct and emotional problems across childhood and adolescence, and that individuals with co-developing symptoms across multiple domains may represent a clinical subgroup characterized by increased levels of genetic risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Hannigan
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Krapohl
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tom A McAdams
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frühling V Rijsdijk
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Ganesh S, Kandasamy A, Sahayaraj US, Benegal V. Behavioral activation and behavioral inhibition sensitivities in patients with substance use disorders: A study from India. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60:346-350. [PMID: 30405263 PMCID: PMC6201657 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_323_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Addictive disorders are an epiphenomenon of underlying vulnerabilities. Research over the past decades into these vulnerabilities has distinguished internalizing and externalizing spectra as two distinct personality factors underlying substance use disorders (SUDs). In this study, we explore the behavioral activation and inhibition factors in patients with SUD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 240 patients with SUD were recruited for the study. Behavioral inhibition system-behavioral activation/approach system (BIS-BAS) scale was used to assess the three domains of the behavioral activation, namely drive, fun seeking and reward responsiveness, and the behavioral inhibition as a single domain. BIS and BAS subscale total scores, inter-domain correlation, factor structure, and difference in the early-onset and late-onset SUD subgroup scores were calculated. RESULTS The drive, fun seeking, and reward responsiveness showed a moderate degree of correlation among each other ranging from 0.30 to 0.36. The behavioral inhibition subscale had a modest correlation r = 0.26 with the reward responsiveness subdomain of behavioral activation. The factor structure remained valid at two- and four-factor solutions apart from few items with inconsistent loading. The early-onset n = 209 (87.1%) and late-onset n = 31 (12.9%) SUD subgroup analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of drive and fun-seeking subscales with P < 0.05. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Behavioral activation and inhibition remain two valid personality factors in patients with SUDs. Patients with early onset of SUD have a significantly higher behavioral activation scores in the drive, and fun-seeking subfactors suggesting a higher externalizing tendency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Ganesh
- SNRGY, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arun Kandasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ubahara S Sahayaraj
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Kiff CJ, Ernestus S, Gonzalez A, Kendall PC, Albano AM, Compton SN, Birmaher B, Ginsburg GS, Rynn M, Walkup JT, McCracken J, Piacentini J. The Interplay of Familial and Individual Risk in Predicting Clinical Improvements in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2018; 47:S542-S554. [PMID: 29877727 PMCID: PMC6289867 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2018.1460848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioecological models of developmental psychopathology underscore the role of familial experiences of adversity and children's individual-level characteristics in heightening risk for pediatric anxiety through direct, combined, and interactive effects. To date, much of the existing research dedicated to pediatric anxiety disorders has largely been examined in bioecological models of diathesis-stress using community samples. This study extends our understanding of children's differential responsiveness to familial adversity by examining the diathesis-stress interaction of cumulative risk and children's individual-level vulnerabilities (negative affectivity and coping efficacy) within a clinic-referred treatment study for pediatric anxiety disorders. A cumulative risk index assessing exposure to familial adversity (e.g., socioeconomic status [SES], parent psychiatric illness) and self-reported measures of children's negative affectivity and coping efficacy were each measured at the intake of a randomized controlled clinical trial for the treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders (N = 488; 7-17 years of age). Trajectories of interviewer-rated anxiety symptoms were assessed across 12 weeks of treatment at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. Consistent with models of temperamental risk for mental health problems, negative affectivity predicted higher anxiety symptoms at intake. A significant diathesis-stress interaction between cumulative risk and coping efficacy emerged, as high risk and perceptions of lower coping efficacy attenuated declines in anxiety across 12 weeks. These patterns did not differ across treatment conditions. The results indicate that for youth experiencing high levels of stress, additional treatment efforts targeting familial stressors and coping efficacy may be important in maximizing treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Kiff
- a UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California Los Angeles
| | - Stephanie Ernestus
- a UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California Los Angeles
| | - Araceli Gonzalez
- b Department of Psychology , California State University , Long Beach
| | | | | | - Scott N Compton
- e Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services , Duke University Medical Center
| | - Boris Birmaher
- f Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinics , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
| | | | - Moira Rynn
- d Department of Psychiatry , Duke University
| | - John T Walkup
- h Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - James McCracken
- a UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California Los Angeles
| | - John Piacentini
- a UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior , University of California Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Tarescavage AM, Cappo BM, Ben-Porath YS. Assessment of Sex Offenders With the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality /Inventory-2-Restructured Form. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2018; 30:413-437. [PMID: 27582132 DOI: 10.1177/1079063216667921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the association between scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) with static and dynamic risk assessment instruments, including the STATIC-99 and Level of Service Inventory-Revised (LSI-R). The sample included 304 male adults who were convicted of sexual offenses against children and were referred to a sex offender treatment program. On average, the sample had a Low-Moderate risk of re-offending according to the STATIC-99 and LSI-R. The results indicated that MMPI-2-RF scale scores in this setting are characterized by relatively high levels of under-reporting and externalizing psychopathology compared with the normative sample. We also found that scale scores in this sample produced reliability estimates that were similar to the normative sample. Finally, external correlations between the MMPI-2-RF scales and the risk assessment instruments indicated that the test was associated in expected ways with constructs measured by these instruments. Correlations were most robust among scales in the externalizing/behavioral dysfunction domain of the MMPI-2-RF. Overall, the results of the study support and guide use of the test in this population.
Collapse
|
237
|
Pettersson E, Lahey BB, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P. Criterion Validity and Utility of the General Factor of Psychopathology in Childhood: Predictive Associations With Independently Measured Severe Adverse Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:372-383. [PMID: 29859553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether a parent-rated general factor of psychopathology in childhood would predict independently measured, severe adverse mental health outcomes in adolescence. METHOD We used the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, which targets all twin children in Sweden. Parents rated their children (N = 16,806) on 43 symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct problems, and anxiety/emotionality when the twins turned 9 or 12 years of age. Adverse mental health outcomes in adolescence were retrieved from national registers, and included psychiatric diagnoses, prescription of anxiolytic or antidepressant medication, court convictions of crimes, and failure to achieve eligibility for high school. RESULTS Parent-rated inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct problems, and anxiety/emotionality in childhood predicted all adverse mental health outcomes in adolescence (mean odds ratio = 1.76; range = 1.41-2.18; all p < .05). However, several of these associations were nonsignificant in a multiple regression framework, suggesting the influence of common variance. A general factor of psychopathology uniquely predicted all outcomes (mean odds ratio = 1.58; range = 1.34-1.84; all p < .05), whereas the specific factors predicted only a subset of the outcomes. CONCLUSION Mental health problems in childhood are associated with a host of adverse outcomes in adolescence, and, to a considerable extent, these associations are driven by a general factor of psychopathology. The general factor may therefore be important to clinical prognosis, which informs clinical decision making for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; School of Medical Sciences for Örebro University in Örebro, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
238
|
Murray AL, Booth T, Eisner M, Obsuth I, Ribeaud D. Quantifying the Strength of General Factors in Psychopathology: A Comparison of CFA with Maximum Likelihood Estimation, BSEM, and ESEM/EFA Bifactor Approaches. J Pers Assess 2018; 101:631-643. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1468338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aja Louise Murray
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Booth
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingrid Obsuth
- Violence Research Centre, Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
239
|
Cheng J, Liang Y, Fu L, Liu Z. Posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms in children after the Wenchuan earthquake. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2018; 9:1472992. [PMID: 29805782 PMCID: PMC5965039 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1472992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies have reported the comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in children. However, the underlying relationship between PTSD and depression remains unclear. Objective: This study examines the relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms in children who survived the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Methods: In total, 301 children were assessed at four months and then followed up at 29, 40 and 52 months after the disaster. The ages of the children ranged from 9.6-14.6 years old, and the sample included 157 males and 144 females. The children were assessed by using the University of California at Los Angeles PTSD reaction index for DSM-IV for PTSD symptoms and the Children's Depression Inventory for depressive symptoms. Results: Comorbid PTSD and depressive symptoms were prevalent in 4.0, 3.3, 3.7 and 5.1% of the participants at times 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The cross-lagged analysis indicated that PTSD symptoms at time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at time 2; depressive symptoms at time 1 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 2; depressive symptoms at time 2 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 3; and depressive symptoms at time 3 predicted PTSD symptoms at time 4. The findings also showed that being female, poor parental relationships and trauma exposure were risk factors for PTSD or depressive symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that the causal relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms changes over time; the effects of PTSD symptoms tend to decrease, while those of depressive symptoms tend to increase. Two stages of the relationship between PTSD and depressive symptoms were observed, namely, that PTSD and depressive symptoms first influenced each other and then that depressive symptoms predicted PTSD. The results of our study also suggest that females with poor parental relationships and a high degree of trauma exposure are more likely to require intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - YiMing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZhengKui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Vujanovic AA, Farris SG, Bartlett BA, Lyons RC, Haller M, Colvonen PJ, Norman SB. Anxiety sensitivity in the association between posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 62:37-55. [PMID: 29778929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are complex psychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur. No evidence-based, "gold standard" treatments for PTSD/SUD comorbidity are currently available. Thus, it is imperative to better understand cognitive-affective mechanisms, targetable via cognitive-behavioral intervention (i.e., malleable), that may be related to both disorders in order to improve the theory and treatment of PTSD/SUD. Anxiety sensitivity is a malleable cognitive-affective factor with relevance to both PTSD and SUD. This systematic review focused on the published literature on anxiety sensitivity and trauma/PTSD and substance use/SUD from 1966 - May 1, 2018, and includes a total of 35 manuscripts. The state of the literature, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anka A Vujanovic
- University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Samantha G Farris
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA; The Miriam Hospital, Centers for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, Providence, RI, USA; Butler Hospital, Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research Unit, Providence, RI, USA; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Psychology, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Robert C Lyons
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Moira Haller
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Colvonen
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sonya B Norman
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA; National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Widiger TA, Bach B, Chmielewski M, Clark LA, DeYoung C, Hopwood CJ, Kotov R, Krueger RF, Miller JD, Morey LC, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Patrick CJ, Pincus AL, Samuel DB, Sellbom M, South SC, Tackett JL, Watson D, Waugh MH, Wright AGC, Zimmermann J, Bagby RM, Cicero DC, Conway CC, De Clercq B, Docherty AR, Eaton NR, Forbush KT, Haltigan JD, Ivanova MY, Latzman RD, Lynam DR, Markon KE, Reininghaus U, Thomas KM. Criterion A of the AMPD in HiTOP. J Pers Assess 2018; 101:345-355. [PMID: 29746190 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1465431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The categorical model of personality disorder classification in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed. [DSM-5]; American Psychiatric Association, 2013 ) is highly and fundamentally problematic. Proposed for DSM-5 and provided within Section III (for Emerging Measures and Models) was the Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) classification, consisting of Criterion A (self-interpersonal deficits) and Criterion B (maladaptive personality traits). A proposed alternative to the DSM-5 more generally is an empirically based dimensional organization of psychopathology identified as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP; Kotov et al., 2017 ). HiTOP currently includes, at the highest level, a general factor of psychopathology. Further down are the five domains of detachment, antagonistic externalizing, disinhibited externalizing, thought disorder, and internalizing (along with a provisional sixth somatoform dimension) that align with Criterion B. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential inclusion and placement of the self-interpersonal deficits of the DSM-5 Section III Criterion A within HiTOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Bach
- b Psychiatric Research Unit, Slagelse Psychiatric Hospital , Slagelse , Denmark
| | | | | | - Colin DeYoung
- e Department of Psychology , University of Minnesota
| | | | - Roman Kotov
- g Department of Psychiatry , Stony Brook University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron L Pincus
- l Department of Psychology , Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Martin Sellbom
- n Department of Psychology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Susan C South
- m Department of Psychological Sciences , Purdue University
| | | | - David Watson
- d Department of Psychology , University of Notre Dame
| | - Mark H Waugh
- p Department of Psychology , University of Tennessee
| | | | | | - R Michael Bagby
- s Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - David C Cicero
- t Department of Psychology , University of Hawaii at Manoa
| | | | - Barbara De Clercq
- v Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | | | | | | | - J D Haltigan
- z Department of Psychiatry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | | | | | - Donald R Lynam
- m Department of Psychological Sciences , Purdue University
| | | | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- ad Department of Psychiatry and Psychology , Masstricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands , and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College , London
| | | |
Collapse
|
242
|
Van Voorhees EE, Wagner HR, Beckham JC, Bradford DW, Neal LC, Penk WE, Elbogen EB. Effects of social support and resilient coping on violent behavior in military veterans. Psychol Serv 2018; 15:181-190. [PMID: 29723020 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Violence toward others has been identified as a serious postdeployment adjustment problem in a subset of Iraq- and Afghanistan-era veterans. In the current study, we examined the intricate links between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), commonly cited psychosocial risk and protective factors, and violent behavior using a national randomly selected longitudinal sample of Iraq- and Afghanistan-era United States veterans. A total of 1,090 veterans from the 50 United States and all United States military branches completed 2 waves of self-report survey-data collection 1 year apart (retention rate = 79%). History of severe violent behavior at Wave 1 was the most substantial predictor of subsequent violence. In bivariate analyses, high correlations were observed among risk and protective factors, and between risk and protective factors and severe violence at both time points. In multivariate analyses, baseline violence (OR = 12.43, p < .001), baseline alcohol misuse (OR = 1.06, p < .05), increases in PTSD symptoms between Waves 1 and 2 (OR = 1.01, p < .05), and decreases in social support between Waves 1 and 2 (OR = .83, p < .05) were associated with increased risk for violence at Wave 2. Our findings suggest that rather than focusing specifically on PTSD symptoms, alcohol use, resilience, or social support in isolation, it may be more useful to consider how these risk and protective factors work in combination to convey how military personnel and veterans are managing the transition from wartime military service to civilian life, and at what point it might be most effective to intervene. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Van Voorhees
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - H Ryan Wagner
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Jean C Beckham
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Daniel W Bradford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine
| | - Lydia C Neal
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Walter E Penk
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M College of Medicine
| | - Eric B Elbogen
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Xu X, Mishra GD, Jones M. Mapping the global research landscape and knowledge gaps on multimorbidity: a bibliometric study. J Glob Health 2018; 7:010414. [PMID: 28685036 PMCID: PMC5475311 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.07.010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To summarize global research trends and activities on multimorbidity; then to assess the knowledge gaps and to identify implications for knowledge exchange between high income countries (HICs) and low– and middle– income countries (LMICs). Methods A comprehensive search was conducted to identify research publications on multimorbidity in the Web of ScienceTM, as well as diabetes, depression, hypertension, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The time frame for the search was from 1900 to June, 2016. Information (such as publication date, subject category, author, country of origin, title, abstract, and keywords) were extracted and the full texts were obtained for the co–citation analysis. Data were linked with the life expectancy at birth (years) and Gross National Income (GNI). Co–citation and hierarchal clustering analysis was used to map the trends and research networks with CiteSpace II (JAVA freeware, copyright Chaomei Chen, http://cluster.cis.drexel.edu/~cchen/citespace/). Findings We identified 2864 relevant publications as at June 2016, with the first paper on this topic indexed in 1974 from Germany, but 80% were published after 2010. Further analysis yielded two knowledge gaps: (1) compared with single conditions (diabetes, hypertension, depression, and COPD), there is a mismatch between the high prevalence of multimorbidity and its research outputs (ratio of articles on multimorbidity vs other four single conditions is 1:13–150); (2) although a total of 76 countries have contributed to this research area, only 5% of research originated from LMICs where 73% of non–communicable disease (NCD) related deaths had occurred. Additional analysis showed the median year of first publication occurred 15 years later in the LMICs compared with HICs (2010 vs 1995); and longer life expectancy was associated with exponentially higher publication outputs (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.95) at the global level. The life expectancy at the median year (1994) of first publication was 66.1, with the gap between LMICs and HICs 7.9 (68.4 vs 76.3). Conclusions This study confirms substantial knowledge gaps in the research agenda on multimorbidity, with input urgently needed to move us forward worldwide, especially for and in LMICs. There is the possibility that LMICs can learn from and collaborate with HICs in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xu
- Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark Jones
- Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Research, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Hengartner MP. Developmental course of child personality traits and their associations with externalizing psychopathology: Results from a longitudinal multi-informant study in a representative cohort. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
245
|
Garofalo C, Velotti P, Crocamo C, Carrà G. Single and Multiple Clinical Syndromes in Incarcerated Offenders: Associations With Dissociative Experiences and Emotionality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:1300-1316. [PMID: 27913716 PMCID: PMC5858637 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16682325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the prevalence and correlates of clinical syndromes in a large group ( N = 438) of incarcerated violent offenders, looking at differences between inmates with one and those with more than one clinical syndromes. More than a half of the sample (57%) reported clinically relevant symptoms for at least one clinical syndrome ( n = 252), and the majority of them (38%) reported more syndromes in comorbidity ( n = 169). Increased severity of clinical conditions (none, one, more than one syndrome) corresponded with significantly greater levels of personality disorder traits, psychological symptoms, dissociation, and negative emotionality, with large effect sizes. After controlling for co-occurrence of personality disorder traits and other symptoms, the presence of more than one comorbid syndrome significantly predicted unique variance in dissociation (positively) and positive emotionality (negatively). The presence of one clinical syndrome significantly and positively predicted negative emotionality. Findings support the possibility that the complexity, and not just the presence, of psychopathology could identify different groups of inmates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Carrà
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- University College London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Romer AL, Knodt AR, Houts R, Brigidi BD, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Hariri AR. Structural alterations within cerebellar circuitry are associated with general liability for common mental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1084-1090. [PMID: 28397842 PMCID: PMC5636639 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating mental-health research encourages a shift in focus toward transdiagnostic dimensional features that are shared across categorical disorders. In support of this shift, recent studies have identified a general liability factor for psychopathology-sometimes called the 'p factor'- that underlies shared risk for a wide range of mental disorders. Identifying neural correlates of this general liability would substantiate its importance in characterizing the shared origins of mental disorders and help us begin to understand the mechanisms through which the 'p factor' contributes to risk. Here we believe we first replicate the 'p factor' using cross-sectional data from a volunteer sample of 1246 university students, and then using high-resolution multimodal structural neuroimaging, we demonstrate that individuals with higher 'p factor' scores show reduced structural integrity of white matter pathways, as indexed by lower fractional anisotropy values, uniquely within the pons. Whole-brain analyses further revealed that higher 'p factor' scores are associated with reduced gray matter volume in the occipital lobe and left cerebellar lobule VIIb, which is functionally connected with prefrontal regions supporting cognitive control. Consistent with the preponderance of cerebellar afferents within the pons, we observed a significant positive correlation between the white matter integrity of the pons and cerebellar gray matter volume associated with higher 'p factor' scores. The results of our analyses provide initial evidence that structural alterations in corticocerebellar circuitry supporting core functions related to the basic integration, coordination and monitoring of information may contribute to a general liability for common mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L. Romer
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Bartholomew D. Brigidi
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, England
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Research Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, England
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA,Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Brodbeck J, Fassbinder E, Schweiger U, Fehr A, Späth C, Klein JP. Differential associations between patterns of child maltreatment and comorbidity in adult depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2018; 230:34-41. [PMID: 29407536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Types of maltreatment often co-occur and it is unclear how maltreatment patterns impact on comorbidity in depressed patients. METHODS We analysed associations of maltreatment patterns with a broad range of comorbidities assessed with diagnostic interviews in 311 treatment-seeking depressed outpatients. RESULTS Latent class analyses identified a "no maltreatment class" (39%), a "mild to moderate abuse and neglect class" (34%), a "severe abuse and neglect class" (14%) and a "severe neglect class" (13%). We found a dose-response association for the first three classes with comorbid disorders, a general psychopathology factor and an interpersonal insecurity factor. Patients in the "severe abuse and neglect" class had increased odds ratios (OR) of suffering from an anxiety disorder (OR 3.58), PTSD (OR 7.09), Borderline personality disorder (OR 7.97) and suicidality (OR 10.04) compared to those without child maltreatment. Patients in the "severe neglect" class did not have a higher risk for comorbidity than those in the "no maltreatment" class. LIMITATIONS Class sizes in the "severe abuse and neglect" and the "severe neglect" classes were small and findings should be replicated with other clinical and population samples. CONCLUSIONS A higher severity rather than the constellation of types of child abuse and neglect was associated with more comorbid disorders. An exception were patients reporting solely severe emotional and physical neglect who had a similar risk for comorbidity as patients without a history of child maltreatment. This may be associated with distinct learning experiences and may inform treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Brodbeck
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Fassbinder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schweiger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Antje Fehr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Späth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
248
|
Kamens SR, Cosgrove L, Peters SM, Jones N, Flanagan E, Longden E, Schulz S, Robbins BD, Olsen S, Miller R, Lichtenberg P. Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022167818763862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic nomenclatures have been central to mental health research and practice since the turn of the 20th century. In recent years, an increasing number of mental health professionals have proposed that a paradigm shift in diagnosis is inevitable. The Standards and Guidelines for the Development of Diagnostic Nomenclatures and Alternatives in Mental Health Research and Practice are intended to serve as a reference for the development of scientifically sound and ethically principled diagnostic nomenclatures and descriptive alternatives. The Standards and Guidelines are divided into four sections that address the purposes; development; type, content, and structure; and scientific grounding of nomenclatures and alternative systems. They are intended to represent best practice in the classification and description of emotional distress for multidisciplinary mental health professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Kamens
- Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
- Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Nev Jones
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Eleanor Longden
- Greater Manchester West Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Steven Olsen
- Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
249
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders often have onset early in life, contribute substantially to the global disease burden, and may interfere with young people's ability to complete age-relevant tasks in important developmental periods. However, knowledge about prevalence and course of mental disorders in young adulthood is sparse. The aim of the current study was to estimate prevalence and stability of mental disorders from the twenties to the thirties/forties. METHODS DSM-IV mental disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in two waves (1999-2004 and 2010-2011) in 1623 young adult Norwegian twins (63.2% women, aged 19-29 years in wave 1). RESULTS In wave 1, the 12-month prevalence of any mental disorder among people in the twenties was 19.8% (men) and 32.4% (women), anxiety disorders: 9.6% (men) and 26.7% (women), anxiety disorders excluding specific phobias: 2.5% (men) and 6.9% (women), major depressive disorder (MDD): 4.4% (men) and 7.2% (women), and alcohol use disorder (AUD): 8.7% (men) and 4.4% (women). The prevalence of any mental disorder decreased from the twenties to the thirties/forties. This was due to a decrease in AUD and specific phobias. Anxiety disorders in the twenties predicted anxiety disorders and MDD ten years later, even when controlling for the association between these disorders in the twenties. MDD in the twenties predicted MDD ten years later. At both ages, two-week and 12-month prevalence estimates differed markedly for MDD - indicating an episodic course. CONCLUSIONS Common mental disorders are highly prevalent among young adults in the twenties, and somewhat less prevalent in the thirties/forties. Those who suffer from one mental disorder in the twenties are at considerably increased risk for suffering from a disorder ten years later as well. This may have significant implications for young people's ability to attain education, establish a family, and participate in occupational life.
Collapse
|
250
|
Combs JL, Riley EN, Peterson SJ, Jordan CE, Smith GT. Pre-Assault Personality Predicts the Nature of Adverse Outcomes Among Sexual Assault Victims. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:258-268. [PMID: 29553355 PMCID: PMC6019766 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to sexual assault results in ongoing harms for women. After an assault, some women engage in higher levels of externalizing behaviors, such as problem drinking, and others experience higher levels of internalizing dysfunction, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression. We sought to understand the role of premorbid factors on the different post-assault experiences of women. METHOD We studied 1,929 women prospectively during a period of high risk for sexual assault (the first year of college): women were assessed in July before arriving at college and in April near the end of the school year. RESULTS A premorbid personality disposition to act impulsively when distressed (negative urgency) interacted positively with sexual assault experience to predict subsequent increases in drinking behavior; a premorbid personality disposition toward internalizing dysfunction positively interacted with sexual assault experience to predict increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Women with different personalities tend to experience different forms of post-assault consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Combs
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth N. Riley
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Correspondence may be sent to Elizabeth N. Riley or Gregory T. Smith at the Department of Psychology, 105 Kastle Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, or via email at: or . At the time the research was conducted, Jessica L. Combs was with the Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sarah J. Peterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Carol E. Jordan
- Office for Policy Studies on Violence Against Women, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Gregory T. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,Correspondence may be sent to Elizabeth N. Riley or Gregory T. Smith at the Department of Psychology, 105 Kastle Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, or via email at: or . At the time the research was conducted, Jessica L. Combs was with the Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|