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The Role of Metformin in Controlling Oxidative Stress in Muscle of Diabetic Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6978625. [PMID: 27579154 PMCID: PMC4989083 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6978625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metformin can act in muscle, inhibiting the complex I of the electron transport chain and decreasing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our hypothesis is that the inhibition of complex I can minimize damage oxidative in muscles of hypoinsulinemic rats. The present study investigated the effects of insulin and/or metformin treatment on oxidative stress levels in the gastrocnemius muscle of diabetic rats. Rats were rendered diabetic (D) with an injection of streptozotocin and were submitted to treatment with insulin (D+I), metformin (D+M), or insulin plus metformin (D+I+M) for 7 days. The body weight, glycemic control, and insulin resistance were evaluated. Then, oxidative stress levels, glutathione antioxidant defense system, and antioxidant status were analyzed in the gastrocnemius muscle of hypoinsulinemic rats. The body weight decreased in D+M compared to ND rats. D+I and D+I+M rats decreased the glycemia and D+I+M rats increased the insulin sensitivity compared to D rats. D+I+M reduced the oxidative stress levels and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscle when compared to D+I rats. In conclusion, our results reveal that dual therapy with metformin and insulin promotes more benefits to oxidative stress control in muscle of hypoinsulinemic rats than insulinotherapy alone.
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Wang L, Yi D, Hou Y, Ding B, Li K, Li B, Zhu H, Liu Y, Wu G. Dietary Supplementation with α-Ketoglutarate Activates mTOR Signaling and Enhances Energy Status in Skeletal Muscle of Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Piglets. J Nutr 2016; 146:1514-20. [PMID: 27385764 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.236000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle undergoes rapid loss in response to inflammation. α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) has been reported to enhance muscle growth in piglets, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES This study tested the hypothesis that dietary AKG supplementation activates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and improves skeletal muscle energy metabolism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. METHODS Forty-eight male piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were weaned at 21 d of age to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. After a 3-d period of adaptation, piglets with a mean weight of 7.21 kg were randomly assigned to control, LPS (intraperitoneal administration of 80 μg LPS/kg body weight on days 10, 12, 14, and 16), or LPS plus 1% dietary AKG (LPS+AKG) groups. On day 16, blood samples were collected from 8 piglets/group 3 h after LPS administration. On day 17, piglets were killed to obtain gastrocnemius muscle from 8 piglets/group for biochemical analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, LPS administration increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of globulin (by 14%) and tumor necrosis factor α (by 59%) and the intramuscular ratio of AMP to ATP (by 93%) and abundance of phosphorylated acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) β protein (by 64%). Compared with the control group, LPS administration reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain (by 15%); plasma concentrations of glutamine (by 20%), glucose (by 23%), insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and epidermal growth factor; intramuscular concentrations of glutamine (by 27%), ATP (by 12%), ADP (by 22%), and total adenine nucleotides; and intramuscular ratios of phosphorylated mTOR to total mTOR (by 38%) and of phosphorylated 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) to total p70S6K (by 39%). These adverse effects of LPS were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by AKG supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Dietary AKG supplementation activated mTOR signaling, inhibited ACC-β, and improved energy status in skeletal muscle of LPS-challenged piglets. These results provide a biochemical basis for the use of AKG to enhance piglet growth under inflammatory or practical postweaning conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Dan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Binying Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Kang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Baocheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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203
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Xu C, Li E, Xu Z, Wang S, Chen K, Wang X, Li T, Qin JG, Chen L. Molecular characterization and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase in response to low-salinity stress in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 198:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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204
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Bolnick A, Abdulhasan M, Kilburn B, Xie Y, Howard M, Andresen P, Shamir AM, Dai J, Puscheck EE, Rappolee DA. Commonly used fertility drugs, a diet supplement, and stress force AMPK-dependent block of stemness and development in cultured mammalian embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1027-39. [PMID: 27230877 PMCID: PMC4974229 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study is to test whether metformin, aspirin, or diet supplement (DS) BioResponse-3,3'-Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) can induce AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent potency loss in cultured embryos and whether metformin (Met) + Aspirin (Asa) or BR-DIM causes an AMPK-dependent decrease in embryonic development. METHODS The methods used were as follows: culture post-thaw mouse zygotes to the two-cell embryo stage and test effects after 1-h AMPK agonists' (e.g., Met, Asa, BR-DIM, control hyperosmotic stress) exposure on AMPK-dependent loss of Oct4 and/or Rex1 nuclear potency factors, confirm AMPK dependence by reversing potency loss in two-cell-stage embryos with AMPK inhibitor compound C (CC), test whether Met + Asa (i.e., co-added) or DS BR-DIM decreases development of two-cell to blastocyst stage in an AMPK-dependent (CC-sensitive) manner, and evaluate the level of Rex1 and Oct4 nuclear fluorescence in two-cell-stage embryos and rate of two-cell-stage embryo development to blastocysts. RESULT(S) Met, Asa, BR-DIM, or hyperosmotic sorbitol stress induces rapid ~50-85 % Rex1 and/or Oct4 protein loss in two-cell embryos. This loss is ~60-90 % reversible by co-culture with AMPK inhibitor CC. Embryo development from two-cell to blastocyst stage is decreased in culture with either Met + Asa or BR-DIM, and this is either >90 or ~60 % reversible with CC, respectively. CONCLUSION These experimental designs here showed that Met-, Asa-, BR-DIM-, or sorbitol stress-induced rapid potency loss in two-cell embryos is AMPK dependent as suggested by inhibition of Rex1 and/or Oct4 protein loss with an AMPK inhibitor. The DS BR-DIM or fertility drugs (e.g., Met + Asa) that are used to enhance maternal metabolism to support fertility can also chronically slow embryo growth and block development in an AMPK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Bolnick
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Mohammed Abdulhasan
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Brian Kilburn
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yufen Xie
- Fertility and Surgical Associates of California, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91361, USA
| | - Mindie Howard
- EmbryoTech Laboratories, 140 Hale Street, Haverhill, MA, 01830, USA
| | - Paul Andresen
- Ob/Gyn, IVF Clinic, University Physician Group, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 26400 W 12 Mile Road, Suite 140, Southfield, MI, 48034, USA
| | - Alexandra M Shamir
- University of Utah, 201 Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jing Dai
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Puscheck
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Daniel A Rappolee
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Program for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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205
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Lan AP, Xiong XJ, Chen J, Wang X, Chai ZF, Hu Y. AMPK Inhibition Enhances the Neurotoxicity of Cu(II) in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:499-509. [PMID: 27435481 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of copper in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders has been documented but remains poorly understood. This study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism underlying copper-induced neurotoxicity. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of Cu(II) (25-800 μM). The relative levels of AMPKα, phosphorylated (p)-AMPKα were examined by western blotting. The results showed that copper reduced cell viability and enhanced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a common ROS scavenger, decreased copper-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the levels of p-AMPKα in SH-SY5Y cells were increased by a relatively low concentration of copper and decreased by a relatively high concentration of copper at 24 h. Moreover, inhibition of AMPK with compound C or RNA interference aggravated concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of Cu(II). Taken together, these results indicated that AMPK activity might be important for the neurotoxicity of Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian-Jia Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
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206
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HDAC Inhibition Modulates Cardiac PPARs and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:5938740. [PMID: 27446205 PMCID: PMC4944062 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5938740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) regulate cardiac glucose and lipid homeostasis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has anti-inflammatory effects which may play a key role in modulating PPARs and fatty acid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HDAC inhibitor, MPT0E014, can modulate myocardial PPARs, inflammation, and fatty acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus (DM) cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, and western blotting were used to evaluate the electrophysiological activity, cardiac structure, fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and PPAR isoform expressions in the control and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced DM rats with or without MPT0E014. Compared to control, DM and MPT0E014-treated DM rats had elevated blood glucose levels and lower body weights. However, MPT0E014-treated DM and control rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and shorter QT interval than DM rats. The control and MPT0E014-treated DM rats had greater cardiac PPAR-α and PPAR-δ protein expressions, but less cardiac PPAR-γ than DM rats. Moreover, control and MPT0E014-treated DM rats had lower concentrations of 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase 2α, PPAR-γ coactivator 1α, phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase, cluster of differentiation 36, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), DGAT2, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 protein than DM rats. HDAC inhibition significantly attenuated DM cardiomyopathy through modulation of cardiac PPARS, fatty acid metabolism, and proinflammatory cytokines.
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207
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Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Stimulation of Energy Metabolism by Acetic Acid in L6 Myotube Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158055. [PMID: 27348124 PMCID: PMC4922563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that orally administered acetic acid decreased lipogenesis in the liver and suppressed lipid accumulation in adipose tissue of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, which exhibit hyperglycemic obesity with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Administered acetic acid led to increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in both liver and skeletal muscle cells, and increased transcripts of myoglobin and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) genes in skeletal muscle of the rats. It was suggested that acetic acid improved the lipid metabolism in skeletal muscles. In this study, we examined the activation of AMPK and the stimulation of GLUT4 and myoglobin expression by acetic acid in skeletal muscle cells to clarify the physiological function of acetic acid in skeletal muscle cells. Acetic acid added to culture medium was taken up rapidly by L6 cells, and AMPK was phosphorylated upon treatment with acetic acid. We observed increased gene and protein expression of GLUT4 and myoglobin. Uptake of glucose and fatty acids by L6 cells were increased, while triglyceride accumulation was lower in treated cells compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, treated cells also showed increased gene and protein expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A), which is a well-known transcription factor involved in the expression of myoglobin and GLUT4 genes. These results indicate that acetic acid enhances glucose uptake and fatty acid metabolism through the activation of AMPK, and increases expression of GLUT4 and myoglobin.
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208
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Bae YA, Cheon HG. Activating transcription factor-3 induction is involved in the anti-inflammatory action of berberine in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:415-24. [PMID: 27382358 PMCID: PMC4930910 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Rhizoma coptidis, and elicits anti-inflammatory effects through diverse mechanisms. Based on previous reports that activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) acts as a negative regulator of LPS signaling, the authors investigated the possible involvement of ATF-3 in the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine. It was found berberine concentration-dependently induced the expressions of ATF-3 at the mRNA and protein levels and concomitantly suppressed the LPS-induced productions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). In addition, ATF-3 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of berberine on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production, and prevented the berberine-induced suppression of MAPK phosphorylation, but had little effect on AMPK phosphorylation. On the other hand, the effects of berberine, that is, ATF-3 induction, proinflammatory cytokine inhibition, and MAPK inactivation, were prevented by AMPK knockdown, suggesting ATF-3 induction occurs downstream of AMPK activation. The in vivo administration of berberine to mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia increased ATF-3 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in spleen and lung tissues, and concomitantly reduced the plasma and tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest berberine has an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages and that this effect is attributable, at least in part, to pathways involving AMPK activation and ATF-3 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-An Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
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209
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Meserve EEK, Nucci MR. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: Pathobiology, Pathologic Manifestations, and Suggestions for Recommending Genetic Testing in Pathology Reports. Surg Pathol Clin 2016; 9:243-268. [PMID: 27241107 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), in most cases, is attributed to mutation in STK11/LKB1 and is clinically characterized by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation, and predisposition to certain neoplasms. There are currently no recommended gynecologic screening or clinical surveillance guidelines beyond those recommended for the general population; however, cervical cytology samples must be examined with a high level of suspicion for cervical adenocarcinoma. It is considered prudent to note the established association with PJS and recommend referral for genetic counseling. Complete surgical excision after a diagnosis of atypical lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E K Meserve
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marisa R Nucci
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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210
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Knockdown of AMPKα2 Promotes Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation via mTOR/Skp2/p27(Kip1) Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060844. [PMID: 27258250 PMCID: PMC4926378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppresses proliferation of a variety of tumor cells as well as nonmalignant cells. In this study, we used post-transcriptional gene silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to specifically examine the effect of AMPK on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and to further elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that knockdown of AMPKα2 promoted primary cultured PASMCs proliferation; this was accompanied with the elevation of phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) protein level and reduction of p27(Kip1). Importantly, prior silencing of mTOR with siRNA abolished AMPKα2 knockdown-induced Skp2 upregulation, p27(Kip1) reduction as well as PASMCs proliferation. Furthermore, pre-depletion of Skp2 by siRNA also eliminated p27(Kip1) downregulation and PASMCs proliferation caused by AMPKα2 knockdown. Taken together, our study indicates that AMPKα2 isoform plays an important role in regulation of PASMCs proliferation by modulating mTOR/Skp2/p27(Kip1) axis, and suggests that activation of AMPKα2 might have potential value in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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211
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Nguyen TMD, Froment P, Combarnous Y, Blesbois É. [AMPK, regulator of sperm energy and functions]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:491-6. [PMID: 27225922 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163205016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is a key protein kinase in the metabolism of the cell that regulates many metabolic pathways. The involvement of cell metabolism in sperm ability to fertilize is well established, but only a few studies have focused on the role of AMPK in the control of male fertility. This article summarizes the known role of AMPK in this area. AMPK is involved in the regulation of sperm quality by its action on the proliferation of Sertoli cells. AMPK also directly controls the quality of sperm by its involvement in the regulation of motility and acrosome reaction. It is also involved in the management of lipid peroxidation and gametes antioxidant enzymes. Thus, AMPK appears as a key signaling protein for sperm and male fertility control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mong Diep Nguyen
- INRA, UMR85 CNRS, UMR7247, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France - Université de Tours François Rabelais, F-37000 Tours, France - Quy Nhon university, VietNam
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRA, UMR85 CNRS, UMR7247, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France - Université de Tours François Rabelais, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Yves Combarnous
- INRA, UMR85 CNRS, UMR7247, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France - Université de Tours François Rabelais, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Élisabeth Blesbois
- INRA, UMR85 CNRS, UMR7247, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France - Université de Tours François Rabelais, F-37000 Tours, France
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212
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Jung J, Ha TK, Lee J, Lho Y, Nam M, Lee D, le Roux CW, Ryu DH, Ha E, Hwang GS. Changes in one-carbon metabolism after duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E624-E632. [PMID: 26786776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00260.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery alleviates obesity and ameliorates glucose tolerance. Using metabolomic and proteomic profiles, we evaluated metabolic changes in serum and liver tissue after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery in rats fed a normal chow diet. We found that the levels of vitamin B12 in the sera of DJB rates were decreased. In the liver of DJB rats, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase levels were decreased, whereas serine, cystathionine, cysteine, glutathione, cystathionine β-synthase, glutathione S-transferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase levels were increased. These results suggested that DJB surgery enhanced trans-sulfuration and its consecutive reactions such as detoxification and the scavenging activities of reactive oxygen species. In addition, DJB rats showed higher levels of purine metabolites such as ATP, ADP, AMP, and inosine monophosphate. Decreased guanine deaminase, as well as lower levels of hypoxanthine, indicated that DJB surgery limited the purine degradation process. In particular, the AMP/ATP ratio and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase increased after DJB surgery, which led to enhanced energy production and increased catabolic pathway activity, such as fatty acid oxidation and glucose transport. This study shows that bariatric surgery altered trans-sulfuration and purine metabolism in the liver. Characterization of these mechanisms increases our understanding of the benefits of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoun Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmee Lho
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohae Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carel W le Roux
- Diabetes Complications Research Center, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland; and
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Seoul Western Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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213
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Arkwright RT, Deshmukh R, Adapa N, Stevens R, Zonder E, Zhang Z, Farshi P, Ahmed RSI, El-Banna HA, Chan TH, Dou QP. Lessons from Nature: Sources and Strategies for Developing AMPK Activators for Cancer Chemotherapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2016; 15:657-71. [PMID: 25511514 DOI: 10.2174/1871520615666141216145417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase or AMPK is a highly-conserved master-regulator of numerous cellular processes, including: Maintaining cellular-energy homeostasis, modulation of cytoskeletaldynamics, directing cell growth-rates and influencing cell-death pathways. AMPK has recently emerged as a promising molecular target in cancer therapy. In fact, AMPK deficiencies have been shown to enhance cell growth and proliferation, which is consistent with enhancement of tumorigenesis by AMPK-loss. Conversely, activation of AMPK is associated with tumor growth suppression via inhibition of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex-1 (mTORC1) or the mTOR signal pathway. The scientific communities' recognition that AMPK-activating compounds possess an anti-neoplastic effect has contributed to a rush of discoveries and developments in AMPK-activating compounds as potential anticancer-drugs. One such example is the class of compounds known as Biguanides, which include Metformin and Phenformin. The current review will showcase natural compounds and their derivatives that activate the AMPK-complex and signaling pathway. In addition, the biology and history of AMPK-signaling and AMPK-activating compounds will be overviewed, their anticancer-roles and mechanisms-of-actions will be discussed, and potential strategies for the development of novel, selective AMPK-activators with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Q Ping Dou
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540.1 HWCRC, 4100 John R Road, Detroit, MI 48201- 2013.
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Yung MMH, Ngan HYS, Chan DW. Targeting AMPK signaling in combating ovarian cancers: opportunities and challenges. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:301-17. [PMID: 26764240 PMCID: PMC4886241 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and strategic application of effective anticancer therapies have turned out to be one of the most critical approaches of managing human cancers. Nevertheless, drug resistance is the major obstacle for clinical management of these diseases especially ovarian cancer. In the past years, substantial studies have been carried out with the aim of exploring alternative therapeutic approaches to enhance efficacy of current chemotherapeutic regimes and reduce the side effects caused in order to produce significant advantages in overall survival and to improve patients' quality of life. Targeting cancer cell metabolism by the application of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activating agents is believed to be one of the most plausible attempts. AMPK activators such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside, A23187, metformin, and bitter melon extract not only prevent cancer progression and metastasis but can also be applied as a supplement to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in human cancers such as ovarian cancer. However, because of the undesirable outcomes along with the frequent toxic side effects of most pharmaceutical AMPK activators that have been utilized in clinical trials, attentions of current studies have been aimed at the identification of replaceable reagents from nutraceuticals or traditional medicines. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of many nutraceuticals in anticancer still remain obscure. Therefore, better understanding of the functional characterization and regulatory mechanism of natural AMPK activators would help pharmaceutical development in opening an area to intervene ovarian cancer and other human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingo M H Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David W Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Choi JW, Kim M, Song H, Lee CS, Oh WK, Mook-Jung I, Chung SS, Park KS. DMC (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone) improves glucose tolerance as a potent AMPK activator. Metabolism 2016; 65:533-42. [PMID: 26975545 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect and regulatory mechanism of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus on metabolic parameters in myotubes, adipocytes and an obese mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myotubes and adipocytes were incubated with or without DMC. Glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activation and adipocytes differentiation were investigated. To examine in vivo effect of DMC, 30mg/kg/day DMC was administered by oral gavage for 2weeks in high fat fed C57BL/6 male mice and intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. In order to examine whether DMC directly activates AMPK, we performed cell free AMPK assay and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analysis. RESULT DMC increases glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in myotubes. Also, DMC inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, DMC stimulates phosphorylation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) alpha subunit (T172) by directly binding to AMPK, which results in the activation of AMPK. Furthermore, DMC binds AMPK with a higher affinity than AMP. When AMPK was knocked down, the stimulatory effect of DMC on FAO and its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis were abolished. These results suggest that the effects of DMC were primarily mediated by AMPK activation. In addition, treating mice fed a high fat diet with DMC improved glucose tolerance and significantly increased FAO of the muscles. CONCLUSION DMC, as a novel AMPK activator, shows anti-diabetic effects in cell culture systems, such as myotubes and adipocytes, and in a diet-induced obese mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- Nanomol Inc. and Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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216
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Smith S, Boitz J, Chidambaram ES, Chatterjee A, Ait-Tihyaty M, Ullman B, Jardim A. The cystathionine-β-synthase domains on the guanosine 5''-monophosphate reductase and inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase enzymes from Leishmania regulate enzymatic activity in response to guanylate and adenylate nucleotide levels. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:824-40. [PMID: 26853689 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Leishmania guanosine 5'-monophosphate reductase (GMPR) and inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) are purine metabolic enzymes that function maintaining the cellular adenylate and guanylate nucleotide. Interestingly, both enzymes contain a cystathionine-β-synthase domain (CBS). To investigate this metabolic regulation, the Leishmania GMPR was cloned and shown to be sufficient to complement the guaC (GMPR), but not the guaB (IMPDH), mutation in Escherichia coli. Kinetic studies confirmed that the Leishmania GMPR catalyzed a strict NADPH-dependent reductive deamination of GMP to produce IMP. Addition of GTP or high levels of GMP induced a marked increase in activity without altering the Km values for the substrates. In contrast, the binding of ATP decreased the GMPR activity and increased the GMP Km value 10-fold. These kinetic changes were correlated with changes in the GMPR quaternary structure, induced by the binding of GMP, GTP, or ATP to the GMPR CBS domain. The capacity of these CBS domains to mediate the catalytic activity of the IMPDH and GMPR provides a regulatory mechanism for balancing the intracellular adenylate and guanylate pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Smith
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Jan Boitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ehzilan Subramanian Chidambaram
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Maria Ait-Tihyaty
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Buddy Ullman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Anderson KJ, Vermillion KL, Jagtap P, Johnson JE, Griffin TJ, Andrews MT. Proteogenomic Analysis of a Hibernating Mammal Indicates Contribution of Skeletal Muscle Physiology to the Hibernation Phenotype. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1253-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Anderson
- Department
of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Katie L. Vermillion
- Department
of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Pratik Jagtap
- Center
for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner
Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, Unites States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Streey South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James E. Johnson
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, 512 Walter Library, 117 Pleasant Street South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy J. Griffin
- Center
for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner
Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, Unites States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Streey South East, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew T. Andrews
- Department
of Biology, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1035 Kirby Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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Roberts JL, He B, Erickson A, Moreau R. Improvement of mTORC1-driven overproduction of apoB-containing triacylglyceride-rich lipoproteins by short-chain fatty acids, 4-phenylbutyric acid and (R)-α-lipoic acid, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:166-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Schröder T, Kucharczyk D, Bär F, Pagel R, Derer S, Jendrek ST, Sünderhauf A, Brethack AK, Hirose M, Möller S, Künstner A, Bischof J, Weyers I, Heeren J, Koczan D, Schmid SM, Divanovic S, Giles DA, Adamski J, Fellermann K, Lehnert H, Köhl J, Ibrahim S, Sina C. Mitochondrial gene polymorphisms alter hepatic cellular energy metabolism and aggravate diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Metab 2016; 5:283-295. [PMID: 27069868 PMCID: PMC4812012 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease and is associated with an enhanced risk for liver and cardiovascular diseases and mortality. NAFLD can progress from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms predisposing to this progression remain undefined. Notably, hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a common finding in patients with NASH. Due to a lack of appropriate experimental animal models, it has not been evaluated whether this mitochondrial dysfunction plays a causative role for the development of NASH. Methods To determine the effect of a well-defined mitochondrial dysfunction on liver physiology at baseline and during dietary challenge, C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice were employed. This conplastic inbred strain has been previously reported to exhibit decreased mitochondrial respiration likely linked to a non-synonymous gene variation (nt7778 G/T) of the mitochondrial ATP synthase protein 8 (mt-ATP8). Results At baseline conditions, C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice displayed hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by decreased ATP production and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, genes affecting lipid metabolism were differentially expressed, hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels were changed in these animals, and various acyl-carnitines were altered, pointing towards an impaired mitochondrial carnitine shuttle. However, over a period of twelve months, no spontaneous hepatic steatosis or inflammation was observed. On the other hand, upon dietary challenge with either a methionine and choline deficient diet or a western-style diet, C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice developed aggravated steatohepatitis as characterized by lipid accumulation, ballooning of hepatocytes and infiltration of immune cells. Conclusions We observed distinct metabolic alterations in mice with a mitochondrial polymorphism associated hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. However, a second hit, such as dietary stress, was required to cause hepatic steatosis and inflammation. This study suggests a causative role of hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of experimental NASH. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice (mt-ATP8, nt7778 G/T) display hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice display alterations in hepatic energy metabolism. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice show no spontaneous hepatic steatosis or inflammation. C57BL/6J-mtFVB/N mice are susceptible to diet induced NASH. Study demonstrates causative role of mitochondrial dysfunction for NASH development.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, AMP-activated proteinkinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- ATP8, ATP synthase protein 8
- Arg, arginine
- Asp, aspartic acid
- B6-mtB6, C57BL/6
- B6-mtFVB, C57BL/6-mtFVB/N
- C0, free dl-carnitine
- C16, hexadecanoyl-l-carntine
- C18, octadecanoyl-l-carnitine
- CD, control diet
- CD3, cluster of differentiation receptor 3
- CPT I, carnitine-palmitoyltransferase I
- CYP51A1, cytochrome P450, family 51, subfamily A, polypeptide 1
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gr1, granulocyte differentiation antigen 1
- H&E, hematoxylin–eosin staining
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- Hsd17b7, 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7
- IDI1, isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1
- IL, interleukin
- IPA, ingenuity pathway analysis
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- Lipid metabolism
- Ly6G, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G
- MCDD, methionine and choline deficient diet
- MSMO1, methylsterol monooxygenase 1
- Met, methionine
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Mitochondrial gene polymorphism
- NAFL, non-alcoholic liver steatosis
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAS, NAFLD activity score
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- ND3, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation system
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- SOD2, superoxide dismutase 2
- STRING, Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins
- Steatohepatitis
- TNFα
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Tyr, tyrosine
- WD, western-style diet
- mt, mitochondrial
- pAMPK, phosphorylated AMP-activated proteinkinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Schröder
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - David Kucharczyk
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Bär
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - René Pagel
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefanie Derer
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Torben Jendrek
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Annika Sünderhauf
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Brethack
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Künstner
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Guest Group Evolutionary Genomics, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Julia Bischof
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Imke Weyers
- University of Lübeck, Institute of Anatomy, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Heeren
- University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- University of Rostock, Institute of Immunology, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Senad Divanovic
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Division of Immunobiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Daniel Aaron Giles
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Division of Immunobiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Center, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 4, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Fellermann
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- University of Lübeck, Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati, Division of Immunobiology, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- University of Lübeck, The Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- University of Lübeck, Department of Medicine I, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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RAMESHRAD MARYAM, SORAYA HAMID, MALEKI-DIZAJI NASRIN, VAEZ HALEH, GARJANI ALIREZA. A-769662, a direct AMPK activator, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute heart and lung inflammation in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2843-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Ress C, Kaser S. Mechanisms of intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1664-1673. [PMID: 26819531 PMCID: PMC4721997 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis defined as lipid accumulation in hepatocytes is very frequently found in adults and obese adolescents in the Western World. Etiologically, obesity and associated insulin resistance or excess alcohol intake are the most frequent causes of hepatic steatosis. However, steatosis also often occurs with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and is also found in rare but potentially life-threatening liver diseases of pregnancy. Clinical significance and outcome of hepatic triglyceride accumulation are highly dependent on etiology and histological pattern of steatosis. This review summarizes current concepts of pathophysiology of common causes of hepatic steatosis, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic HCV infections, drug-induced forms of hepatic steatosis, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Regarding the pathophysiology of NAFLD, this work focuses on the close correlation between insulin resistance and hepatic triglyceride accumulation, highlighting the potential harmful effects of systemic insulin resistance on hepatic metabolism of fatty acids on the one side and the role of lipid intermediates on insulin signalling on the other side. Current studies on lipid droplet morphogenesis have identified novel candidate proteins and enzymes in NAFLD.
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Dragowska WH, Ginj M, Kozlowski P, Yung A, Ruth TJ, Adam MJ, Sossi V, Bally MB, Yapp DTT. Overexpression of HER-2 in MDA-MB-435/LCC6 Tumours is Associated with Higher Metabolic Activity and Lower Energy Stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18537. [PMID: 26727049 PMCID: PMC4698760 DOI: 10.1038/srep18537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpresssion of HER-2 in the MDA-MB-435/LCC6 (LCC6HER-2) tumour model is associated with significantly increased hypoxia and reduced necrosis compared to isogenic control tumours (LCC6Vector); this difference was not related to tumour size or changes in vascular architecture. To further evaluate factors responsible for HER-2-associated changes in the tumour microenvironment, small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) were used to measure tumour tissue perfusion and metabolism, respectively. The imaging data was further corroborated by analysis of molecular markers pertaining to energy homeostasis, and measurements of hypoxia and glucose consumption. The results showed a strong trend towards higher perfusion rates (~58% greater, p = 0.14), and significantly higher glucose uptake in LCC6HER-2 (~2-fold greater; p = 0.025), relative to control tumours. The expression of proteins related to energy stress (P-AMPK, P-ACC) and glucose transporters (GLUT1) were lower in LCC6HER-2 tumours (~2- and ~4-fold, respectively). The in vitro analysis showed that LCC6HER-2 cells become more hypoxic in 1% oxygen and utilise significantly more glucose in normoxia compared to LCC6Vectorcells (p < 0.005). Amalgamation of all the data points suggests a novel metabolic adaptation driven by HER-2 overexpression where higher oxygen and glucose metabolic rates produce rich energy supply but also a more hypoxic tumour mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslawa H Dragowska
- The Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Mihaela Ginj
- The Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ont Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- The High Field MRI Centre at UBC, University of British Columbia, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Andrew Yung
- The High Field MRI Centre at UBC, University of British Columbia, 2221 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Thomas J Ruth
- The TRI-University Meson Facility (TRIUMF), 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2A3
| | - Michael J Adam
- The TRI-University Meson Facility (TRIUMF), 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2A3
| | - Vesna Sossi
- The Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Marcel B Bally
- The Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3.,The Faculty of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Donald T T Yapp
- The Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1L3.,The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3
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Li X, Guo Y, Yan W, Snyder MP, Li X. Metformin Improves Diabetic Bone Health by Re-Balancing Catabolism and Nitrogen Disposal. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0146152. [PMID: 26716870 PMCID: PMC4696809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metformin, a leading drug used to treat diabetic patients, is reported to benefit bone homeostasis under hyperglycemia in animal models. However, both the molecular targets and the biological pathways affected by metformin in bone are not well identified or characterized. The objective of this study is to investigate the bioengergeric pathways affected by metformin in bone marrow cells of mice. Materials and Methods Metabolite levels were examined in bone marrow samples extracted from metformin or PBS -treated healthy (Wild type) and hyperglycemic (diabetic) mice using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. We applied an untargeted high performance LC-MS approach which combined multimode chromatography (ion exchange, reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction (HILIC)) and Orbitrap-based ultra-high accuracy mass spectrometry to achieve a wide coverage. A multivariate clustering was applied to reveal the global trends and major metabolite players. Results A total of 346 unique metabolites were identified, and they are grouped into distinctive clusters that reflected general and diabetes-specific responses to metformin. As evidenced by changes in the TCA and urea cycles, increased catabolism and nitrogen waste that are commonly associated with diabetes were rebalanced upon treatment with metformin. In particular, we found glutamate and succinate whose levels were drastically elevated in diabetic animals were brought back to normal levels by metformin. These two metabolites were further validated as the major targets of metformin in bone marrow stromal cells. Conclusion Overall using limited sample size, our study revealed the metabolic pathways modulated by metformin in bones which have broad implication in our understanding of bone remodeling under hyperglycemia and in finding therapeutic interventions in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5120, United States of America
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Yan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nyack College, New York, NY 10013, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5120, United States of America
| | - Xin Li
- Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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224
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Training Status as a Marker of the Relationship between Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure in Older Adult Women. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:8262383. [PMID: 26697141 PMCID: PMC4678091 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8262383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of functional fitness and oxidative capacity on the nitric oxide concentration associated with hemodynamic control in older adult women. The sample consisted of 134 women (65.73 ± 6.14 years old). All subjects underwent a physical examination to assess body mass index, waist-hip ratio, body fat measurement by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and blood pressure (BP). Training status (TS) was evaluated by indirect determination of maximal oxygen uptake by a treadmill test using Balke protocol modified for older adults. Functional fitness was also evaluated through a “Functional Fitness Battery Test” to determine the general fitness functional index (GFFI). All participants were separated according to the functional fitness (TS1, very weak and weak; TS2, regular; TS3, good and very good). Plasma blood samples were used to evaluate prooxidant and antioxidant activity and nitrite and nitrate concentrations. The general results of this study showed that good levels of TS were related to lower levels of lipoperoxidation and protein damage, higher levels of antioxidant, and higher concentration of nitrite and nitrate. This combination may be responsible for the lower levels of BP in subjects with better TS.
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225
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Yang S, Long L, Li D, Zhang J, Jin S, Wang F, Chen J. β-Guanidinopropionic acid extends the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster via an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent increase in autophagy. Aging Cell 2015; 14:1024-33. [PMID: 26120775 PMCID: PMC4693457 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) controls autophagy through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Unc‐51 like kinase 1 (ULK1/Atg1) signaling, which augments the quality of cellular housekeeping, and that β‐guanidinopropionic acid (β‐GPA), a creatine analog, leads to a chronic activation of AMPK. However, the relationship between β‐GPA and aging remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesized that feeding β‐GPA to adult Drosophila produces the lifespan extension via activation of AMPK‐dependent autophagy. It was found that dietary administration of β‐GPA at a concentration higher than 900 mm induced a significant extension of the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster in repeated experiments. Furthermore, we found that Atg8 protein, the homolog of microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3) and a biomarker of autophagy in Drosophila, was significantly upregulated by β‐GPA treatment, indicating that autophagic activity plays a role in the effect of β‐GPA. On the other hand, when the expression of Atg5 protein, an essential protein for autophagy, was reduced by RNA interference (RNAi), the effect of β‐GPA on lifespan extension was abolished. Moreover, we found that AMPK was also involved in this process. β‐GPA treatment significantly elevated the expression of phospho‐T172‐AMPK levels, while inhibition of AMPK by either AMPK‐RNAi or compound C significantly attenuated the expression of autophagy‐related proteins and lifespan extension in Drosophila. Taken together, our results suggest that β‐GPA can induce an extension of the lifespan of Drosophila via AMPK‐Atg1‐autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Li‐Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST) Ministry of Education of China Wuhan 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST) Wuhan 430030 China
- The Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases The Institute of Brain Research Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Shan Jin
- College of Life Science Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST) Ministry of Education of China Wuhan 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST) Wuhan 430030 China
- The Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases The Institute of Brain Research Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian‐Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST) Ministry of Education of China Wuhan 430030 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation (HUST) Wuhan 430030 China
- The Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases The Institute of Brain Research Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
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226
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Alenazi FSH, Ibrahim BA, Al-Hamami H, Shakiya M, Briski KP. Role of estradiol in intrinsic hindbrain AMPK regulation of hypothalamic AMPK, metabolic neuropeptide, and norepinephrine activity and food intake in the female rat. Neuroscience 2015; 314:35-46. [PMID: 26628404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study addressed the hypothesis that dorsomedial hindbrain adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) imposes inherent estradiol-dependent control of hypothalamic AMPK, neuropeptide, and norepinephrine (NE) activity and feeding in the female rat. Estradiol (E)- or oil (O)-implanted ovariectomized rats were injected with the AMPK inhibitor compound c (Cc) or vehicle into the caudal fourth ventricle (CV4) prior to micropunch-dissection of individual hypothalamic metabolic loci or assessment of food intake. Cc decreased hindbrain dorsal vagal complex phosphoAMPK (pAMPK) in both E and O; tissue ATP levels were reduced by this treatment in O only. In E/Cc, pAMPK expression was diminished in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and ventromedial (VMH) and paraventricular (PVH) nuclei; only PVH pAMPK was suppressed by this treatment in O/Cc. Cc decreased PVH corticotropin-releasing hormone and arcuate (ARH) proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y in O, but suppressed only POMC in E. O/Cc exhibited both augmented (PVH, VMH) and decreased (LHA, ARH) hypothalamic NE content, whereas Cc treatment of E elevated preoptic and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus NE. Cc completely or incompletely repressed feeding in E versus O, respectively. Results implicate dorsomedial hindbrain AMPK in physiological stimulus-induced feeding in females. Excepting POMC, hypothalamic neuropeptide responses to this sensor may be contingent on estrogen. Estradiol likely designates hypothalamic targets of altered NE signaling due to hindbrain AMPK activation. Divergent changes in NE content of hypothalamic loci in O/Cc uniquely demonstrate sensor-induced bimodal catecholamine signaling to those sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S H Alenazi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - B A Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - H Al-Hamami
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - M Shakiya
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States
| | - K P Briski
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
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Slámová K, Papoušek F, Janovská P, Kopecký J, Kolář F. Adverse effects of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha2-subunit deletion and high-fat diet on heart function and ischemic tolerance in aged female mice. Physiol Res 2015; 65:33-42. [PMID: 26596312 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a role in metabolic regulation under stress conditions, and inadequate AMPK signaling may be also involved in aging process. The aim was to find out whether AMPK alpha2-subunit deletion affects heart function and ischemic tolerance of adult and aged mice. AMPK alpha2(-/-) (KO) and wild type (WT) female mice were compared at the age of 6 and 18 months. KO mice exhibited subtle myocardial AMPK alpha2-subunit protein level, but no difference in AMPK alpha1-subunit was detected between the strains. Both alpha1- and alpha2-subunits of AMPK and their phosphorylation decreased with advanced age. Left ventricular fractional shortening was lower in KO than in WT mice of both age groups and this difference was maintained after high-fat feeding. Infarct size induced by global ischemia/reperfusion of isolated hearts was similar in both strains at 6 months of age. Aged WT but not KO mice exhibited improved ischemic tolerance compared with the younger group. High-fat feeding for 6 months during aging abolished the infarct size-reduction in WT without affecting KO animals; nevertheless, the extent of injury remained larger in KO mice. The results demonstrate that adverse effects of AMPK alpha2-subunit deletion and high-fat feeding on heart function and myocardial ischemic tolerance in aged female mice are not additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Slámová
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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228
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Hernández-Díaz A, Arana-Martínez JC, Carbó R, Espinosa-Cervantes R, Sánchez-Muñoz F. [Omentin: Role in insulin resistance, inflammation and cardiovascular protection]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2015; 86:233-43. [PMID: 26778502 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The omentin is an adipokine, which role is due to the capacity of regulate metabolic (insulin sensitivity) and anti-inflammatory activities, thus conferring vascular protection during obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. By this, it is important to know the mechanisms by which omentin confers cardiovascular protection, with the purpose of establish omentin a possible therapeutic target or molecule on this scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díaz
- Maestría en Farmacología, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., México; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
| | - Julio C Arana-Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
| | - Román Espinosa-Cervantes
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, México, D.F., México
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México.
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229
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Impact of different temperatures on survival and energy metabolism in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 192:28-37. [PMID: 26603556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature influences the life history and metabolic parameters of insects. Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri is a tropical and subtropical pest. ACP invaded new regions around the world and threatened the citrus industry as a vector for Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. ACP is widely distributed and can survive high (up to 45 °C) and low temperatures (as low as -6 °C). The precise mechanism of temperature tolerance in ACP is poorly understood. We investigated adult survival, cellular energy balance, gene expression, and nucleotide and sugar-nucleotide changes under the effect of different temperature regimes (0 °C to 45 °C with 5 °C intervals). The optimum temperatures for survival were 20 and 25 °C. Low temperatures of 0 °C and 5 °C caused 50% mortality after 2 and 4 days respectively, while one day at high temperature (40 °C and 45 °C) caused more than 95% mortality. The lowest quantity of ATP (3.69 ± 1.6 ng/insect) and the maximum ATPase enzyme activities (57.43 ± 7.6 μU/insect) were observed at 25 °C. Correlation between ATP quantities and ATPase activity was negative. Gene expression of hsp 70, V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A and ATP synthase α subunit matched these results. Twenty-four nucleotides and sugar-nucleotides were quantified using HPLC in ACP adults maintained at low, high, and optimum temperatures. The nucleotide profiles were different among treatments. The ratios between AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP were significantly decreased and positively correlated to adults survival, whereas the adenylate energy charge was increased in response to low and high temperatures. Exploring energy metabolic regulation in relation with adult survival might help in understanding the physiological basis of how ACP tolerates newly invaded regions.
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230
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Kim M, Lim SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Nho CW. Gomisin J Inhibits Oleic Acid-Induced Hepatic Lipogenesis by Activation of the AMPK-Dependent Pathway and Inhibition of the Hepatokine Fetuin-A in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9729-9739. [PMID: 26455261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of gomisin J from Schisandra chinensis on the oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Gomisin J attenuated lipid accumulation in OA-induced HepG2 cells. It also suppressed the expression of lipogenic enzymes and inflammatory mediators and increased the expression of lipolytic enzymes in OA-induced HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the use of specific inhibitors and fetuin-A siRNA and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) siRNA transfected cells demonstrated that gomisin J regulated lipogenesis and lipolysis via inhibition of fetuin-A and activation of an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway in HepG2 cells. Our results showed that gomisin J suppressed lipid accumulation by regulating the expression of lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes and inflammatory molecules through activation of AMPK, LKB1, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and inhibition of fetuin-A in HepG2 cells. This suggested that gomisin J has potential benefits in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon 210-340, Korea
| | - Sue Ji Lim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon 210-340, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-702, Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Lee
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon 210-340, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon 210-340, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute , Gangwon 210-340, Korea
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231
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Asparagine attenuates intestinal injury, improves energy status and inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:553-65. [PMID: 26277838 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestine requires a high amount of energy to maintain its health and function; thus, energy deficits in intestinal mucosa may lead to intestinal damage. Asparagine (Asn) is a precursor for many other amino acids such as aspartate, glutamine and glutamate, which can be used to supply energy to enterocytes. In the present study, we hypothesise that dietary supplementation of Asn could alleviate bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury via improvement of intestinal energy status. A total of twenty-four weaned piglets were assigned to one of four treatments: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS+0 % Asn; (3) LPS+0·5 % Asn; (4) LPS+1·0 % Asn. On day 19, piglets were injected with LPS or saline. At 24 h post-injection, piglets were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. Asn supplementation improved intestinal morphology, indicated by higher villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth. Asn supplementation also increased the ratios of RNA:DNA and protein:DNA as well as disaccharidase activities in intestinal mucosa. In addition, Asn supplementation attenuated bacterial LPS-induced intestinal energy deficits, indicated by increased ATP and adenylate energy charge levels, and decreased AMP:ATP ratio. Moreover, Asn administration increased the activities of key enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, including citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Finally, Asn administration decreased the mRNA abundance of intestinal AMP-activated protein kinase-α1 (AMPKα1), AMPKα2, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), and reduced intestinal AMPKα phosphorylation. Collectively, these results indicate that Asn supplementation alleviates bacterial LPS-induced intestinal injury by modulating the AMPK signalling pathway and improving energy status.
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232
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Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by Adenine Alleviates TNF-Alpha-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142283. [PMID: 26544976 PMCID: PMC4636334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling system plays a key role in cellular stress by repressing the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) system. Previous studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory role of AMPK involves activation by adenine, but the mechanism that allows adenine to produce these effects has not yet been elucidated. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adenine was observed to induce the phosphorylation of AMPK in both a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as its downstream target acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC). Adenine also attenuated NF-κB targeting of gene expression in a dose-dependent manner and decreased monocyte adhesion to HUVECs following tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) treatment. The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK α1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-κB activation in response to TNF-α, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK. Following the knockdown of adenosyl phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) in HUVECs, adenine supplementation failed to induce the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Similarly, the expression of a shRNA against APRT nullified the anti-inflammatory effects of adenine in HUVECs. These results suggested that the role of adenine as an AMPK activator is related to catabolism by APRT, which increases the cellular AMP levels to activate AMPK.
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233
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Villanueva Paz M, Cotán D, Garrido-Maraver J, Cordero MD, Oropesa-Ávila M, de La Mata M, Delgado Pavón A, de Lavera I, Alcocer-Gómez E, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Targeting autophagy and mitophagy for mitochondrial diseases treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 20:487-500. [PMID: 26523761 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial diseases are a group of rare genetic diseases with complex and heterogeneous origins which manifest a great variety of phenotypes. Disruption of the oxidative phosphorylation system is the main cause of pathogenicity in mitochondrial diseases since it causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP depletion. AREAS COVERED Current evidences support the main protective role of autophagy and mitophagy in mitochondrial diseases and other diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. EXPERT OPINION The use of autophagy and/or mitophagy inducers may allow a novel strategy for improving mitochondrial function for both mitochondrial diseases and other diseases with altered mitochondrial metabolism. However, a deeper investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is needed in order to safely modulate these processes. In the coming years, we will also see an increase in awareness of mitochondrial dynamics modulation that will allow the therapeutic use of new drugs for improving mitochondrial function in a great variety of mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Villanueva Paz
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - David Cotán
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Juan Garrido-Maraver
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- b Facultad de Odontología , Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla 41009 , Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Mario de La Mata
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - Elizabet Alcocer-Gómez
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
| | - José A Sánchez-Alcázar
- a Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Sevilla 41013 , Spain
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Winters B, Plymate S, Zeliadt SB, Holt S, Zhang X, Hu E, Lin DW, Morrissey C, Wooldridge B, Gore JL, Porter MP, Wright JL. Metformin effects on biochemical recurrence and metabolic signaling in the prostate. Prostate 2015. [PMID: 26201966 PMCID: PMC4578998 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin has received considerable attention as a potential anti-cancer agent. Animal and in-vitro prostate cancer (PCa) models have demonstrated decreased tumor growth with metformin, however the precise mechanisms are unknown. We examine the effects of metformin on PCa biochemical recurrence (BCR) in a large clinical database followed by evaluating metabolic signaling changes in a cohort of men undergoing prostate needle biopsy (PNB). METHODS Men treated for localized PCa were identified in a comprehensive clinical database between 2001 and 2010. Cox regression was performed to determine association with BCR relative to metformin use. We next identified a separate case-control cohort of men undergoing prostate needle biopsy (PNB) stratified by metformin use. Differences in mean IHC scores were compared with linear regression for phosphorylated IR, IGF-IR, AKT, and AMPK. RESULTS One thousand seven hundred and thirty four men were evaluated for BCR with mean follow up of 41 months (range 1-121 months). "Ever" metformin use was not associated with BCR (HR 1.12, 0.77-1.65), however men reporting both pre/post-treatment metformin use had a 45% reduction in BCR (HR = 0.55 (0.31-0.96)). For the tissue-based study, 48 metformin users and 42 controls underwent PNB. Significantly greater staining in phosphorylated nuclear (p-IR, p-AKT) and cytoplasmic (p-IR, p-IGF-1R) insulin signaling proteins were seen in patients with PCa detected compared to those with negative PNB (P-values all <0.006). When stratified by metformin use, IGF-1R remained significantly elevated (P = 0.01) in men with PCa detected whereas p-AMPK (P = 0.05) was elevated only in those without PCa. CONCLUSION Metformin use is associated with reduced BCR after treatment of localized PCa when considering pre-diagnostic and cumulative dosing. In men with cancer detected on PNB, insulin signaling markers were significantly elevated compared to negative PNB patients. The finding of IGF-1R elevation in positive PNBs versus p-AMPK elevation in negative PNBs suggests altered metabolic pathway activation precipitated by metformin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Winters
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Health Services Research & Development and GRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Steven B Zeliadt
- Health Services Research & Development and GRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah Holt
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Elaine Hu
- Health Services Research & Development and GRECC, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Bryan Wooldridge
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - John L Gore
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Michael P Porter
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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235
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Provinciali N, Lazzeroni M, Cazzaniga M, Gorlero F, Dunn BK, DeCensi A. Metformin: risk-benefit profile with a focus on cancer. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1573-85. [PMID: 26359221 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1084289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological evidence suggests an increased incidence of cancer in obese, prediabetic, and diabetic patients and a reduced risk of cancer incidence and mortality in diabetic patients on metformin compared with other antidiabetic drugs. In vitro studies support the efficacy of metformin in cancer therapy and prevention. Although metformin seems to be promising as a cancer chemopreventive or therapeutic drug, the principal consideration is whether metformin will be effective in cancer clinical trials for nondiabetic subjects or only in diabetics or subjects with insulin resistance. Safety of metformin is even more important in treating nondiabetic patients. AREAS COVERED The present review focuses on epidemiological data and clinical trials testing the efficacy of metformin on cancer, the safety in nondiabetic patients and the future development of this promising drug. EXPERT OPINION Meta-analyses of epidemiological in which metformin treatment has been used for diabetic patients show a positive trend for benefit; nevertheless, clinical data outcomes are preliminary and the results of ongoing trials are awaited. The different types of cancer, heterogeneity of populations and presence of comorbidity make it difficult to determine the benefits of metformin in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Lazzeroni
- b 2 European Institute of Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics , Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cazzaniga
- b 2 European Institute of Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics , Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Gorlero
- c 3 E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Genoa, Italy.,d 4 University of Genoa , Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara K Dunn
- e 5 National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Division of Cancer Prevention , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- a 1 E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Division of Medical Oncology , Genoa, Italy .,b 2 European Institute of Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics , Milan, Italy.,f 6 Queen Mary University of London, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine , London, United Kingdom
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236
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KIM JIHAE, LEE JUNGOK, KIM NAMI, LEE HYEJEONG, LEE YONGWOO, KIM HYUNGIP, KIM SUJIN, PARK SUNHWA, KIM HYEONSOO. Paclitaxel suppresses the viability of breast tumor MCF7 cells through the regulation of EF1α and FOXO3a by AMPK signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1874-80. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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237
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Tabrizi AD, Melli MS, Foroughi M, Ghojazadeh M, Bidadi S. Antiproliferative effect of metformin on the endometrium--a clinical trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10067-70. [PMID: 25556427 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unopposed estrogen has a central role in development of endometrial benign, premalignant and malignant lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-estrogenic effect of metformin on endometrial histology in comparison with progesterone. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 43 patients who were referred to our center for abnormal uterine bleeding and had a histologic diagnosis were disordered proliferative endometrium or simple endometrial hyperplasia were included and randomly distributed in two groups treated with metformin (500mg Bid) or megestrol (40mg daily), respectively, for three months. After this period the patients were evaluated by another endometrial biopsy to assess the impact of the two drugs in restoring normal endometrial histology. RESULTS Our findings revealed that metformin could induce endometrial atrophy in 21 out of 22 patients (95.5%) while this positive response was achieved in only 13 out of 21 patients (61.9%) in the megstrol group. In addition two low grade endometrial carcinomas in the metformin group responded very well. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that metformin could be used as an effective antiestrogenic agent in control of abnormal endometrial proliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dastranj Tabrizi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail ???
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238
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Heckman-Stoddard BM, Gandini S, Puntoni M, Dunn BK, DeCensi A, Szabo E. Repurposing old drugs to chemoprevention: the case of metformin. Semin Oncol 2015; 43:123-133. [PMID: 26970131 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have documented an association between the anti-diabetic agent metformin and reduced cancer incidence and mortality. However, this effect has not been consistently demonstrated in animal models or more recent epidemiological studies. The purpose of this paper is to examine metformin's chemopreventive potential by reviewing relevant mechanisms of action, preclinical evidence of efficacy, updated epidemiologic evidence after correction for potential biases and confounders, and recently completed and ongoing clinical trials. Although repurposing drugs with well described mechanisms of action and safety profiles is an appealing strategy for cancer prevention, there is no substitute for well executed late phase clinical trials to define efficacy and populations that are most likely to benefit from an intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Puntoni
- Office of the Scientific Director, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara K Dunn
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Medical Oncology, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy; Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Szabo
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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239
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Effect of miR-34a in regulating steatosis by targeting PPARα expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13729. [PMID: 26330104 PMCID: PMC4557122 DOI: 10.1038/srep13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is thought to be involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between altered expression of miR-34a and the pathophysiological features of NAFLD remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which miR-34a influences NAFLD through the PPARα-related pathway. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting and other assays kit were used to investigate the expression and function of miR-34a in an NAFLD model. Cultured cells transfected with miR-34a inhibitor and C57BL/6 mice injected with the miR-34a inhibitor through vein tail were conducted for the effects of miR-34a on its target. MiR-34a levels were significantly upregulated in steatosis-induced hepatocytes and in liver tissues of high-fat diet-fed mice. The upregulation of miR-34a resulted in the downregulation of hepatic PPARα and SIRT1 that are the direct targets of miR-34a. Silencing miR-34a led to an initially increased expression of PPARα, SIRT1 and PPARα’s downstream genes. Activation of the central metabolic sensor AMPK was also increased. The miR-34a inhibitor suppressed lipid accumulation and improved the degree of steatosis. Taken together, our data indicated that decreased expression of miR-34a potentially contributes to altered lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Downregulation of miR-34a may be a therapeutic strategy against NAFLD by regulating its target PPARα and SIRT1.
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240
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Huang Z, Han Z, Ye B, Dai Z, Shan P, Lu Z, Dai K, Wang C, Huang W. Berberine alleviates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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241
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Syed Hussein SS, Kamarudin MNA, Abdul Kadir H. (+)-Catechin Attenuates NF-κB Activation Through Regulation of Akt, MAPK, and AMPK Signaling Pathways in LPS-Induced BV-2 Microglial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:927-52. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(+)-catechin is a flavanol that possesses various health and medicinal values, which include neuroprotection, anti-oxidation, antitumor and antihepatitis activities. This study investigated the modulatory effects of (+)-catechin on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells. (+)-catechin attenuated LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inhibited microglial NO and ROS production. Additionally, (+)-catechin suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, while augmenting IL-4. (+)-catechin attenuated LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation via the inhibition of IκB-α phosphorylation. Moreover, (+)-catechin blocked the activation of Akt and its inhibition was shown to play a crucial role in LPS-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells. (+)-catechin also attenuated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and p-38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 (UO126) and p38 MAPK (SB202190) subsequently down-regulated the expression of the proinflammatory mediators iNOS and COX-2. Further mechanistic study revealed that (+)-catechin acted through the amelioration of the LPS-induced suppression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. Taken together, our data indicate that (+)-catechin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in BV-2 cells by suppressing the production of proinflammatory mediators and mitigation of NF-κB through Akt, ERK, p38 MAPK, and AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Salwa Syed Hussein
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habsah Abdul Kadir
- Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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242
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Mulchandani N, Yang WL, Khan MM, Zhang F, Marambaud P, Nicastro J, Coppa GF, Wang P. Stimulation of Brain AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Attenuates Inflammation and Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis. Mol Med 2015; 21:637-44. [PMID: 26252187 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are enormous public health problems with astronomical financial repercussions on health systems worldwide. The central nervous system (CNS) is closely intertwined in the septic process but the underlying mechanism is still obscure. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous energy sensor enzyme and plays a key role in regulation of energy homeostasis and cell survival. In this study, we hypothesized that activation of AMPK in the brain would attenuate inflammatory responses in sepsis, particularly in the lungs. Adult C57BL/6 male mice were treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 20 ng), an AMPK activator, or vehicle (normal saline) by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) at 30 min post-ICV. The septic mice treated with AICAR exhibited elevated phosphorylation of AMPKα in the brain along with reduced serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), compared with the vehicle. Similarly, the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 as well as myeloperoxidase activity in the lungs of AICAR-treated mice were significantly reduced. Moreover, histological findings in the lungs showed improvement of morphologic features and reduction of apoptosis with AICAR treatment. We further found that the beneficial effects of AICAR on septic mice were diminished in AMPKα2 deficient mice, showing that AMPK mediates these effects. In conclusion, our findings reveal a new functional role of activating AMPK in the CNS to attenuate inflammatory responses and acute lung injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mulchandani
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Weng-Lang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Nicastro
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Gene F Coppa
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, United States of America.,Center for Translational Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
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243
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Santha S, Viswakarma N, Das S, Rana A, Rana B. Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-Troglitazone-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells Involve AMP-activated Protein Kinase. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26198640 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men with limited treatment options for the hormone-resistant forms. Development of novel therapeutic options is critically needed to target advanced forms. Here we demonstrate that combinatorial treatment with the thiazolidinedione troglitazone (TZD) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce significant apoptosis in various PCa cells independent of androgen receptor status. Because TZD is known to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), we determined whether AMPK is a molecular target mediating this apoptotic cascade by utilizing PCa cell lines stably overexpressing AMPKα1 dominant negative (C4-2-DN) or empty vector (C4-2-EV). Our results indicated a significantly higher degree of apoptosis with TRAIL-TZD combination in C4-2-EV cells compared with C4-2-DN cells. Similarly, results from a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed a larger reduction of viability of C4-2-EV cells compared with C4-2-DN cells when treated with TRAIL-TZD, thus suggesting that C4-2-DN cells were more apoptosis-resistant. Additionally, siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous AMPKα1 expression showed a reduction of TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis, further confirming the participation of AMPK in mediating this apoptosis. Apoptosis induction by this combinatorial treatment was also associated with a cleavage of β-catenin that was inhibited in both C4-2-DN cells and those cells in which AMPKα1 was knocked down. In addition, time course studies showed an increase in pACC(S79) (AMPK target) levels coinciding with the time of apoptosis. These studies indicate the involvement of AMPK in TRAIL-TZD-mediated apoptosis and β-catenin cleavage and suggest the possibility of utilizing AMPK as a therapeutic target in apoptosis-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreevidya Santha
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition and
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and
| | - Subhasis Das
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and
| | - Ajay Rana
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153 and the Hines VA Medical Center, Hines, Illinois 60141
| | - Basabi Rana
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Nutrition and the Hines VA Medical Center, Hines, Illinois 60141
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244
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Ali F, Ismail A, Esa NM, Pei C. Cocoa polyphenols treatment ameliorates visceral obesity by reduction lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation genes in obese rats through interfering with AMPK pathway. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chong Pei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
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245
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Yamashita H. Biological Function of Acetic Acid–Improvement in Obesity and Glucose Tolerance by Acetic Acid in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56 Suppl 1:S171-5. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1045966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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246
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Ibrahim BA, Briski KP. Deferred feeding and body weight responses to short-term interruption of fuel acquisition: impact of estradiol. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:611-21. [PMID: 25230326 PMCID: PMC6755678 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1387792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Short-term abstinence from food intake, planned or unplanned, is unavoidable in modern life, but negatively correlated with appetite control and obesity. This study investigated the role of estradiol in feeding and body weight (BW) reactions to short-span cessation of feeding. During acute 1-6-h re-feeding, 12-h food-deprived (FD), estradiol benzoate (EB)-implanted ovariectomized rats ate less food and gained less weight than FD animals implanted with oil (O). Full fed (FF)- and FD-EB consumed equal amounts of food over 24 h, but weight gain was greater in the latter; 24-h food intake and BW gain in FD-O exceeded FD-EB. Caudal fourth ventricular administration of the AMPK activator AICAR increased dorsal vagal complex AMPK activity in FD-EB and FD-O, but elicited dissimilar adjustments in hypothalamic metabolic neuropeptide transmitter expression, while respectively enhancing or reducing acute re-feeding in these animals and reversing FD-O weight gain. Drug-treated FD-EB and FD-O exhibited respective feeding and weight gain increases between 6-24 h. AICAR enhanced 24-h consumption in FD-EB vs. FF-EB, but cumulative intake and BW gain were greater in AICAR-treated FD-O vs. FD-EB. Results show that estradiol limits acute re-feeding after short-term feeding suspension, but augments acute re-feeding when energy depletion coincides with suspended feeding. This compound metabolic stress exerts steroid-dependent effects during later resumption of circadian-induced feeding, for example, increased consumption vs. weight gain in the presence vs. absence of estradiol. These studies provide novel evidence that estrogen mitigates acute and post-acute adverse effects of disrupted fuel acquisition on energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, USA
| | - K P Briski
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, USA
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247
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Na MK, Jeong YT, Li X, Jin F, Hwang SL, Kim GJ, Yang JH, Chang YC, Kim DS, Kim CH, Chang HW. Protective effect of butanol extracts of skin of Anguilla japonica against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced insulin resistance via the AMPK pathway in L6 myotubes. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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248
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Wang C, Ma J, Zhang N, Yang Q, Jin Y, Wang Y. The acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme: a target for cancer therapy? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:667-76. [PMID: 25979092 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1038246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a rate-limiting enzyme, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is essential for fatty acid synthesis. Traditionally, the ACC has been a target of metabolic syndrome and obesity. Recent research has demonstrated that malignant tumors have a high energy flow, thus having a great ability to synthesize fatty acids. ACCs are occasionally found to be overexpressed in cancer cells, and using chemical or RNA interference to inhibit ACC can lead to cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This suggests that ACC and relative fatty acids may be critical for the survival of cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the role of ACC in tumor development. We also discuss the signaling pathways possibly affected by ACC, which may give insight into future research for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of OB&GYN, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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249
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Kai Y, Kawano Y, Yamamoto H, Narahara H. A possible role for AMP-activated protein kinase activated by metformin and AICAR in human granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:27. [PMID: 25889494 PMCID: PMC4397678 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are generally insulin- resistant and are consequently often treated with metformin. We investigated the effect of metformin and AICAR on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. METHODS We evaluated the effects of 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxyamide-1- beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) and metformin on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha- stimulated chemokine production in human granulosa cells. The phosphorylations of AMPK, I-kappaB, 4E-BP-1, p70S6K were analyzed by western immunoblotting. RESULTS AICAR and metformin markedly reduced the IL-8 and GROalpha production induced by TNF-alpha. AICAR and metformin also reduced the TNF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of I-kappaB. The phosphorylations of I-kappaB, 4EBP-1, p70S6K were inhibited via an AMPK-dependent signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that metformin promotes granulosa cell function by reducing a TNF-alpha- and chemokine-mediated inflammatory reaction through an AMPK-dependent pathway. These finding may have implications for metformin's actions during the treatment of PCOS with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufuko Kai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Hanae Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Narahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.
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Alenazi FSH, Ibrahim BA, Briski KP. Re-purposing of histological tissue sections for corroborative western blot analysis of hypothalamic metabolic neuropeptide expression following delineation of transactivated structures by Fos immuno-mapping. Neuropeptides 2015; 50:29-33. [PMID: 25796089 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fos immunocytochemistry is a valuable anatomical mapping tool for distinguishing cells within complex tissues that undergo genomic activation, but it is seldom paired with corroborative molecular analytical techniques. Due to preparatory requirements that include protein cross-linking for specimen sectioning, histological tissue sections are regarded as unsuitable for those methods. Our studies show that pharmacological activation of the hindbrain energy sensor AMPK by AICAR elicits estradiol (E)-dependent patterns of Fos immunolabeling of hypothalamic metabolic loci. Here, Western blotting was applied to hypothalamic tissue removed from histological sections of E- versus oil (O)-implanted ovariectomized (OVX) female rat brain to measure levels of metabolic transmitters associated with Fos-positive structures. In both E and O rats, AICAR treatment elicited alterations in pro-opiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y, SF-1, and orexin-A neuropeptide expression that coincided with patterns of Fos labeling of structures containing neurons that synthesize these neurotransmitters, e.g. arcuate and ventromedial nuclei and lateral hypothalamic area. O, but not E animals also exhibited parallel augmentation of tissue corticotropin-releasing hormone neuropeptide levels and paraventricular nucleus Fos staining. Data demonstrate the utility of immunoblot analysis as a follow-through technique to capitalize on Fos mapping of transactivation sites in the brain. Findings that induction of Fos immunoreactivity coincides with adjustments in hypothalamic metabolic neuropeptide expression affirms that this functional indicator reflects changes in neurotransmission in pathways governing metabolic outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahaad S H Alenazi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Baher A Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Karen P Briski
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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