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Kasputis T, Clough D, Noto F, Rychel K, Dye B, Shea LD. Microporous Polymer Scaffolds for the Transplantation of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Pancreatic Progenitors to a Clinically Translatable Site for the Treatment of Type I Diabetes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1770-1778. [PMID: 30345348 PMCID: PMC6191190 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I diabetes mellitus, which affects an estimated 1.5 million Americans, is caused by autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells that results in the need for life-long insulin therapy. Allogeneic islet transplantation for the treatment of type I diabetes is a therapy in which donor islets are infused intrahepatically, which has led to the transient reversal of diabetes. However, therapeutic limitations of allogeneic transplantation, which include a shortage of donor islets, long-term immunosuppression, and high risk of tissue rejection, have led to the investigation of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells as an unlimited source of functional beta-cells. Herein, we investigate the use of microporous scaffolds for their ability to promote the engraftment of stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors and their maturation toward mono-hormonal insulin producing β-cells at a clinically translatable, extrahepatic site. Initial studies demonstrated that microporous scaffolds supported cell engraftment, and their maturation to become insulin positive; however, the number of insulin positive cells and the levels of C-peptide secretion were substantially lower than what was observed with progenitor cell transplantation into the kidney capsule. The scaffolds were subsequently modified to provide a sustained release of exendin-4, which has previously been employed to promote maturation of pancreatic progenitors in vitro and has been employed to promote engraftment of transplanted islets in the peritoneal fat. Transplantation of stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors on scaffolds releasing exendin-4 led to significantly increased C-peptide production compared to scaffolds without exendin-4, with C-peptide and blood glucose levels comparable to the kidney capsule transplantation cohort. Image analysis of insulin and glucagon producing cells indicated that monohormonal insulin producing cells were significantly greater compared to glucagon producing and polyhormonal cells in scaffolds releasing exendin-4, whereas a significantly decreased percentage of insulin-producing cells were present among hormone producing cells in scaffolds without exendin-4. Collectively, a microporous scaffold, capable of localized and sustained delivery of exendin-4, enhanced the maturation and function of pluripotent stem cell derived pancreatic progenitors that were transplanted to a clinically translatable site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadas Kasputis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Daniel Clough
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Fallon Noto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Kevin Rychel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Briana Dye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
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202
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Haller C, Chaskar P, Piccand J, Cominetti O, Macron C, Dayon L, Kraus MRC. Insights into Islet Differentiation and Maturation through Proteomic Characterization of a Human iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Endocrine Model. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1600173. [PMID: 29578310 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Great progresses have been made for generating in vitro pluripotent stem cell pancreatic β-like cells. However, the maturation stage of the cells still requires in vivo maturation to recreate the environmental niche. A deeper understanding of the factors promoting maturation of the cells is of great interest for clinical applications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Label-free mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis is performed on samples from a longitudinal study of differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells toward glucose responsive insulin producing cells. RESULTS Proteome patterns correlate with specific transcription factor gene expression levels during in vitro differentiation, showing the relevance of the technology for identification of pancreatic-specific markers. The analysis of proteomes of the implanted cells in a longitudinal study shows that the neovascularization process linked to the extracellular matrix environment is time-dependent and conditions the proper maturation of the cells in β-like cells secreting insulin in response to glucose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Proteomic profiling is valuable to qualify and better understand in vivo maturation of progenitor cells toward β-cells. This is critical for future clinical trials where in vivo maturation still needs to be improved for robustness and effectiveness of cell therapy. Novel biomarkers for predicting the efficiency of maturation represents noninvasive monitoring tools for following efficiency of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Haller
- Stem Cells, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Prasad Chaskar
- Stem Cells, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Piccand
- Stem Cells, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Macron
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Proteomics, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine R-C Kraus
- Stem Cells, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
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203
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Gupta SK, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Ringgaard AK, Jaiswal H, Song L, Hastoy B, Ingvorsen C, Taheri-Ghahfarokhi A, Magnusson B, Maresca M, Jensen RR, Beer NL, Fels JJ, Grunnet LG, Thomas MK, Gloyn AL, Hicks R, McCarthy MI, Hansson M, Honoré C. NKX6.1 induced pluripotent stem cell reporter lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:220-231. [PMID: 29734117 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported significant advances in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to clinically relevant cell types such as the insulin producing beta-like cells and motor neurons. However, many of the current differentiation protocols lead to heterogeneous cell cultures containing cell types other than the targeted cell fate. Genetically modified human pluripotent stem cells reporting the expression of specific genes are of great value for differentiation protocol optimization and for the purification of relevant cell populations from heterogeneous cell cultures. Here we present the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with a GFP reporter inserted in the endogenous NKX6.1 locus. Characterization of the reporter lines demonstrated faithful GFP labelling of NKX6.1 expression during pancreas and motor neuron differentiation. Cell sorting and gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing revealed that NKX6.1-positive cells from pancreatic differentiations closely resemble human beta cells. Furthermore, functional characterization of the isolated cells demonstrated that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is mainly confined to the NKX6.1-positive cells. We expect that the NKX6.1-GFP iPSC lines and the results presented here will contribute to the further refinement of differentiation protocols and characterization of hPSC-derived beta cells and motor neurons for disease modelling and cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Gupta
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Anna K Ringgaard
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Himjyot Jaiswal
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luyan Song
- Lilly Research Laboratories, 46285 Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | | | | | - Björn Magnusson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikke R Jensen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Nicola L Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Johannes J Fels
- Research Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lars G Grunnet
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Stem Cell Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Christian Honoré
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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204
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Dunn KK, Palecek SP. Engineering Scalable Manufacturing of High-Quality Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Cardiac Tissue Repair. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:110. [PMID: 29740580 PMCID: PMC5928319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the differentiation and production of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have stimulated development of strategies to use these cells in human cardiac regenerative therapies. A prerequisite for clinical trials and translational implementation of hPSC-derived CMs is the ability to manufacture safe and potent cells on the scale needed to replace cells lost during heart disease. Current differentiation protocols generate fetal-like CMs that exhibit proarrhythmogenic potential. Sufficient maturation of these hPSC-derived CMs has yet to be achieved to allow these cells to be used as a regenerative medicine therapy. Insights into the native cardiac environment during heart development may enable engineering of strategies that guide hPSC-derived CMs to mature. Specifically, considerations must be made in regard to developing methods to incorporate the native intercellular interactions and biomechanical cues into hPSC-derived CM production that are conducive to scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin K Dunn
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sean P Palecek
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Madison, WI, United States
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205
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Iwata H, Arima Y, Tsutsui Y. Design of Bioartificial Pancreases From the Standpoint of Oxygen Supply. Artif Organs 2018; 42:E168-E185. [PMID: 29611212 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A bioartificial pancreas (BAP), in which islets of Langerhans (islets) are enclosed in a semipermeable membrane, has been developed to realize islet transplantation without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Although recent progress in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) and embryonic stem (ES) cells has attracted attention owing to the potential applications of these cells as insulin-releasing cells, concerns about the safety of implantation of these cells remain. The use of the BAP has the advantage of easy removal if insulin-releasing cells derived from iPS/ES cells undesirably proliferate and form tumors in the BAP. Oxygen supply is a crucial issue for cell survival in BAPs as insufficient oxygen supply causes central necrosis of cell aggregates. In this study, we derived several simple equations considering oxygen supply in BAPs in order to provide insights into the rational design of three different types of BAPs (spherical microcapsules, cylindrical capsules, and planar capsules). The equations give (i) the thickness of a capsule membrane leading to no central necrosis of encapsulated cell aggregates as a function of the original size of the cell aggregate; (ii) the oxygen concentration profiles in BAPs; (iii) the effects of encapsulation of a cell aggregate on insulin release; (iv) the amount of encapsulated cells required to normalize blood glucose levels of a patient; and (v) the total volumes and sizes of BAPs. As an example, we used the equations in order to design three different types of BAPs for subcutaneous implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Iwata
- Compass to Healthy Life Research Complex Program, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arima
- Institute for Life and Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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206
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Saber N, Bruin JE, O'Dwyer S, Schuster H, Rezania A, Kieffer TJ. Sex Differences in Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived β Cells in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1827-1841. [PMID: 29420708 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are now in clinical trials for insulin replacement in patients with type 1 diabetes. Animal studies indicate that pancreatic progenitor cells can mature into a mixed population of endocrine cells, including glucose-responsive β cells several months after implantion. However, it remains unclear how conditions in the recipient may influence the maturation and ultimately the function of these hESC-derived cells. Here, we investigated the effects of (1) pregnancy on the maturation of human stage 4 (S4) pancreatic progenitor cells and (2) the impact of host sex on both S4 cells and more mature stage 7 (S7) pancreatic endocrine cells implanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient SCID-beige mice. Pregnancy led to increased proliferation of endogenous pancreatic β cells, but did not appear to affect proliferation or maturation of S4 cells at midgestation. Interestingly, S4 and S7 cells both acquired glucose-stimulated C-peptide secretion in females before males. Moreover, S4 cells lowered fasting blood glucose levels in females sooner than in males, whereas the responses with S7 cells were similar. These data indicate that the host sex may impact the maturation of hESC-derived cells in vivo and that this effect can be minimized by more advanced differentiation of the cells before implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Saber
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Bruin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shannon O'Dwyer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hellen Schuster
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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207
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Establishment of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic β-like cells in the mouse pancreas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:3924-3929. [PMID: 29599125 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702059115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of β cells located in pancreatic islets. However, tractable in vivo models of human pancreatic β cells have been limited. Here, we generated xenogeneic human pancreatic β-like cells in the mouse pancreas by orthotopic transplantation of stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cells into the pancreas of neonatal mice. The engrafted β-like cells expressed β cell transcription factors and markers associated with functional maturity. Engrafted human cells recruited mouse endothelial cells, suggesting functional integration. Human insulin was detected in the blood circulation of transplanted mice for months after transplantation and increased upon glucose stimulation. In addition to β-like cells, human cells expressing markers for other endocrine pancreas cell types, acinar cells, and pancreatic ductal cells were identified in the pancreata of transplanted mice, indicating that this approach allows studying other human pancreatic cell types in the mouse pancreas. Our results demonstrate that orthotopic transplantation of human SC-β cells into neonatal mice is an experimental platform that allows the generation of mice with human pancreatic β-like cells in the endogenous niche.
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208
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Current advanced therapy cell-based medicinal products for type-1-diabetes treatment. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:107-120. [PMID: 29597032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the XXI century diabetes mellitus has become one of the main threats to human health with higher incidence in regions such as Europe and North America. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs as a consequence of the immune-mediated destruction of insulin producing β-cells located in the endocrine part of the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans. The administration of exogenous insulin through daily injections is the most prominent treatment for T1DM but its administration is frequently associated to failure in glucose metabolism control, finally leading to hyperglycemia episodes. Other approaches have been developed in the past decades, such as whole pancreas and islet allotransplantation, but they are restricted to patients who exhibit frequent episodes of hypoglycemia or renal failure because the lack of donors and islet survival. Moreover, patients transplanted with either whole pancreas or islets require of immune suppression to avoid the rejection of the transplant. Currently, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP), such as implantable devices, have been developed in order to reduce immune rejection response while increasing cell survival. To overcome these issues, ATMPs must promote vascularization, guaranteeing the nutritional contribution, while providing O2 until vasculature can surround the device. Moreover, it should help in the immune-protection to avoid acute and chronic rejection. The transplanted cells or islets should be embedded within biomaterials with tunable properties like injectability, stiffness and porosity mimicking natural ECM structural characteristics. And finally, an infinitive cell source that solves the donor scarcity should be found such as insulin producing cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Several companies have registered their ATMPs and future studies envision new prototypes. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and etiology of diabetes, comparing the clinical trials in the last decades in order to define the main characteristics for future ATMPs.
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209
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Wang P, Goodwill PW, Pandit P, Gaudet J, Ross A, Wang J, Yu E, Hensley DW, Doyle TC, Contag CH, Conolly S, Moore A. Magnetic particle imaging of islet transplantation in the liver and under the kidney capsule in mouse models. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:114-122. [PMID: 29675353 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Islet transplantation (Tx) represents the most promising therapy to restore normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients to date. As significant islet loss has been observed after the procedure, there is an urgent need for developing strategies for monitoring transplanted islet grafts. In this report we describe for the first time the application of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for monitoring transplanted islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule in experimental animals. Methods Pancreatic islets isolated from Papio hamadryas were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) and used for either islet phantoms or Tx in the liver or under the kidney capsule of NOD scid mice. MPI was used to image and quantify islet phantoms and islet transplanted experimental animals post-mortem at 1 and 14 days after Tx. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm the presence of labeled islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule 1 day after Tx. Results MPI of labeled islet phantoms confirmed linear correlation between the number of islets and the MPI signal (R2=0.988). Post-mortem MPI performed on day 1 after Tx showed high signal contrast in the liver and under the kidney capsule. Quantitation of the signal supports islet loss over time, which is normally observed 2 weeks after Tx. No MPI signal was observed in control animals. In vivo MRI confirmed the presence of labeled islets/islet clusters in liver parenchyma and under the kidney capsule one day after Tx. Conclusions Here we demonstrate that MPI can be used for quantitative detection of labeled pancreatic islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule of experimental animals. We believe that MPI, a modality with no depth attenuation and zero background tissue signal could be a suitable method for imaging transplanted islet grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patrick W Goodwill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Magnetic Insight, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alana Ross
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W Hensley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Timothy C Doyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Steven Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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210
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Cito M, Pellegrini S, Piemonti L, Sordi V. The potential and challenges of alternative sources of β cells for the cure of type 1 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R114-R125. [PMID: 29555660 PMCID: PMC5861368 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The experience in the field of islet transplantation shows that it is possible to replace β cells in a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but this cell therapy is limited by the scarcity of organ donors and by the danger associated to the immunosuppressive drugs. Stem cell therapy is becoming a concrete opportunity to treat various diseases. In particular, for a disease like T1D, caused by the loss of a single specific cell type that does not need to be transplanted back in its originating site to perform its function, a stem cell-based cell replacement therapy seems to be the ideal cure. New and infinite sources of β cells are strongly required. In this review, we make an overview of the most promising and advanced β cell production strategies. Particular hope is placed in pluripotent stem cells (PSC), both embryonic (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The first phase 1/2 clinical trials with ESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are ongoing in the United States and Canada, but a successful strategy for the use of PSC in patients with diabetes has still to overcome several important hurdles. Another promising strategy of generation of new β cells is the transdifferentiation of adult cells, both intra-pancreatic, such as alpha, exocrine and ductal cells or extra-pancreatic, in particular liver cells. Finally, new advances in gene editing technologies have given impetus to research on the production of human organs in chimeric animals and on in situ reprogramming of adult cells through in vivo target gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Cito
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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211
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Robert T, De Mesmaeker I, Stangé GM, Suenens KG, Ling Z, Kroon EJ, Pipeleers DG. Functional Beta Cell Mass from Device-Encapsulated hESC-Derived Pancreatic Endoderm Achieving Metabolic Control. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:739-750. [PMID: 29503087 PMCID: PMC5918665 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human stem cells represent a potential source for implants that replace the depleted functional beta cell mass (FBM) in diabetes patients. Human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm (hES-PE) can generate implants with glucose-responsive beta cells capable of reducing hyperglycemia in mice. This study with device-encapsulated hES-PE (4 × 106 cells/mouse) determines the biologic characteristics at which implants establish metabolic control during a 50-week follow-up. A metabolically adequate FBM was achieved by (1) formation of a sufficient beta cell number (>0.3 × 106/mouse) at >50% endocrine purity and (2) their maturation to a functional state comparable with human pancreatic beta cells, as judged by their secretory responses during perifusion, their content in typical secretory vesicles, and their nuclear NKX6.1-PDX1-MAFA co-expression. Assessment of FBM in implants and its correlation with in vivo metabolic markers will guide clinical translation of stem cell-derived grafts in diabetes. Human stem cell-derived pancreatic precursors generate functional beta cell mass Cellular markers identify metabolically adequate human stem cell-generated implants Significance of determining beta cell number and maturation in implants Functional implants differ in endocrine composition from endocrine pancreas
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Robert
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB and University Hospital Brussels-UZB, Brussels 1090, Belgium; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ines De Mesmaeker
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB and University Hospital Brussels-UZB, Brussels 1090, Belgium; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert M Stangé
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB and University Hospital Brussels-UZB, Brussels 1090, Belgium; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Krista G Suenens
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB and University Hospital Brussels-UZB, Brussels 1090, Belgium; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhidong Ling
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB and University Hospital Brussels-UZB, Brussels 1090, Belgium; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evert J Kroon
- ViaCyte, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel G Pipeleers
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University-VUB and University Hospital Brussels-UZB, Brussels 1090, Belgium; BetaCellTherapy Consortium (supported by EU and JDRF), Brussels, Belgium.
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Kondo Y, Toyoda T, Inagaki N, Osafune K. iPSC technology-based regenerative therapy for diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:234-243. [PMID: 28609558 PMCID: PMC5835458 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), into pancreatic endocrine lineages has been vigorously examined by reproducing the in vivo developmental processes of the pancreas. Recent advances in this research field have enabled the generation from hESCs/iPSCs of functionally mature β-like cells in vitro that show glucose-responsive insulin secretion ability. The therapeutic potentials of hESC/iPSC-derived pancreatic cells have been evaluated using diabetic animal models, and transplantation methods including immunoprotective devices that prevent immune responses from hosts to the implanted pancreatic cells have been investigated towards the development of regenerative therapies against diabetes. These efforts led to the start of a clinical trial that involves the implantation of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors into type 1 diabetes patients. In addition, patient-derived iPSCs have been generated from diabetes-related disorders towards the creation of novel in vitro disease models and drug discovery, although few reports so far have analyzed the disease mechanisms. Considering recent advances in differentiation methods that generate pancreatic endocrine lineages, we will see the development of novel cell therapies and therapeutic drugs against diabetes based on iPSC technology-based research in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Orive G, Emerich D, Khademhosseini A, Matsumoto S, Hernández RM, Pedraz JL, Desai T, Calafiore R, de Vos P. Engineering a Clinically Translatable Bioartificial Pancreas to Treat Type I Diabetes. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:445-456. [PMID: 29455936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulating, or immunoisolating, insulin-secreting cells within implantable, semipermeable membranes is an emerging treatment for type 1 diabetes. This approach can eliminate the need for immunosuppressive drug treatments to prevent transplant rejection and overcome the shortage of donor tissues by utilizing cells derived from allogeneic or xenogeneic sources. Encapsulation device designs are being optimized alongside the development of clinically viable, replenishable, insulin-producing stem cells, for the first time creating the possibility of widespread therapeutic use of this technology. Here, we highlight the status of the most advanced and widely explored implementations of cell encapsulation with an eye toward translating the potential of this technological approach to medical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; BTI Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain; Joint first authors and contributed equally to the paper.
| | - Dwaine Emerich
- NsGene,225 Chapman Street, Providence, RI, USA; Joint first authors and contributed equally to the paper
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. http://twitter.com/@khademh
| | - Shinichi Matsumoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, 115 Kuguhara, Tateiwa, Muya-cho, Naruto, Tokushima 772-8601, Japan
| | - R M Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J L Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Tejal Desai
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Byers Hall Room 203C, MC 2520, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Riccardo Calafiore
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular, Endocrine and Metabolic Clinical Physiology, Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, Perugia, Italy; Joint first authors and contributed equally to the paper
| | - Paul de Vos
- University of Groningen, Pathology and Medical Biology Section, Immunoendocrinology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The etiology of diabetes is mainly attributed to insulin deficiency due to the lack of β cells (type 1), or to insulin resistance that eventually results in β cell dysfunction (type 2). Therefore, an ultimate cure for diabetes requires the ability to replace the lost insulin-secreting β cells. Strategies for regenerating β cells are under extensive investigation. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors first summarize the mechanisms underlying embryonic β cell development and spontaneous adult β cell regeneration, which forms the basis for developing β cell regeneration strategies. Then the rationale and progress of each β cell regeneration strategy is reviewed. Current β cell regeneration strategies can be classified into two main categories: in vitro β cell regeneration using pluripotent stem cells and in vivo reprogramming of non-β cells into β cells. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. EXPERT OPINION Regenerating β cells has shown its potential as a cure for the treatment of insulin-deficient diabetes. Much progress has been made, and β cell regeneration therapy is getting closer to a clinical reality. Nevertheless, more hurdles need to be overcome before any of the strategies suggested can be fully translated from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Dong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Hongju Wu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
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215
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Wang X, Sterr M, Burtscher I, Chen S, Hieronimus A, Machicao F, Staiger H, Häring HU, Lederer G, Meitinger T, Cernilogar FM, Schotta G, Irmler M, Beckers J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Ray M, Wright CVE, Bakhti M, Lickert H. Genome-wide analysis of PDX1 target genes in human pancreatic progenitors. Mol Metab 2018; 9:57-68. [PMID: 29396371 PMCID: PMC5870105 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene coding for the homeobox transcription factor (TF) PDX1 leads to pancreatic agenesis, whereas heterozygous mutations can cause Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young 4 (MODY4). Although the function of Pdx1 is well studied in pre-clinical models during insulin-producing β-cell development and homeostasis, it remains elusive how this TF controls human pancreas development by regulating a downstream transcriptional program. Also, comparative studies of PDX1 binding patterns in pancreatic progenitors and adult β-cells have not been conducted so far. Furthermore, many studies reported the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and T2DM, and it has been shown that islet enhancers are enriched in T2DM-associated SNPs. Whether regions, harboring T2DM-associated SNPs are PDX1 bound and active at the pancreatic progenitor stage has not been reported so far. Methods In this study, we have generated a novel induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line that efficiently differentiates into human pancreatic progenitors (PPs). Furthermore, PDX1 and H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to identify PDX1 transcriptional targets and active enhancer and promoter regions. To address potential differences in the function of PDX1 during development and adulthood, we compared PDX1 binding profiles from PPs and adult islets. Moreover, combining ChIP-seq and GWAS meta-analysis data we identified T2DM-associated SNPs in PDX1 binding sites and active chromatin regions. Results ChIP-seq for PDX1 revealed a total of 8088 PDX1-bound regions that map to 5664 genes in iPSC-derived PPs. The PDX1 target regions include important pancreatic TFs, such as PDX1 itself, RFX6, HNF1B, and MEIS1, which were activated during the differentiation process as revealed by the active chromatin mark H3K27ac and mRNA expression profiling, suggesting that auto-regulatory feedback regulation maintains PDX1 expression and initiates a pancreatic TF program. Remarkably, we identified several PDX1 target genes that have not been reported in the literature in human so far, including RFX3, required for ciliogenesis and endocrine differentiation in mouse, and the ligand of the Notch receptor DLL1, which is important for endocrine induction and tip-trunk patterning. The comparison of PDX1 profiles from PPs and adult human islets identified sets of stage-specific target genes, associated with early pancreas development and adult β-cell function, respectively. Furthermore, we found an enrichment of T2DM-associated SNPs in active chromatin regions from iPSC-derived PPs. Two of these SNPs fall into PDX1 occupied sites that are located in the intronic regions of TCF7L2 and HNF1B. Both of these genes are key transcriptional regulators of endocrine induction and mutations in cis-regulatory regions predispose to diabetes. Conclusions Our data provide stage-specific target genes of PDX1 during in vitro differentiation of stem cells into pancreatic progenitors that could be useful to identify pathways and molecular targets that predispose for diabetes. In addition, we show that T2DM-associated SNPs are enriched in active chromatin regions at the pancreatic progenitor stage, suggesting that the susceptibility to T2DM might originate from imperfect execution of a β-cell developmental program. PDX1 ChIP-seq analysis revealed 5664 target genes in human pancreatic progenitors, including unreported target genes. Comparison of PDX1 profiles from PPs and adult human islets identified stage-specific PDX1 target gene sets. T2DM-associated SNPs are enriched in active chromatin regions from iPSC-derived PPs. Three SNPs fall into PDX1 occupied sites, located in intronic regions of the developmental regulatory TFs TCF7L2 and HNF1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Wang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 11, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of ß-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 11, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of ß-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 11, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shen Chen
- iPS and Cancer Research Unit, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Anja Hieronimus
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fausto Machicao
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Disease, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Lederer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Filippo M Cernilogar
- Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gunnar Schotta
- Biomedical Center and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Ray
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christopher V E Wright
- Vanderbilt University Program in Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 11, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 11, 85748, Garching, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of ß-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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216
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Memon B, Karam M, Al-Khawaga S, Abdelalim EM. Enhanced differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic progenitors co-expressing PDX1 and NKX6.1. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:15. [PMID: 29361979 PMCID: PMC5781269 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic progenitors (PPs) co-expressing the two transcription factors (TFs) PDX1 and NKX6.1 are recognized as the indispensable precursors of functional pancreatic β cells. Here, we aimed to establish an efficient protocol for maximizing generation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Methods In order to enhance the PDX1+/NKX6.1+ population, we manipulated in vitro culture conditions during differentiation by dissociating densely formed endodermal cells and re-plating them at different densities. These dissociated cells were subjected to an augmented duration of retinoid and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)10 signaling to induce higher PDX1 and NKX6.1 expression. Results Our optimized protocol dramatically increased the expression of NKX6.1, leading to an increase in the proportion of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ progenitors (~90%) in monolayer, higher than the previously published protocols, as well as upregulated key TFs controlling pancreatic development. The improved efficiency of pancreatic differentiation was complemented by an inhibited hepatic specification and an increased proliferation of NKX6.1+ cells. Interestingly, we were able to enrich a novel PDX1–/NKX6.1+ population by manipulating the re-plating density; these oriented themselves in three-dimensional clusters. Further differentiation validated the ability of our PDX1+/NKX6.1+ progenitors to generate NGN3+ endocrine progenitors. Conclusions We provide a novel technique that facilitates appropriate cellular rearrangement in monolayer culture to yield a high proportion of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs with an elevated self-replicating capacity, thereby aiding scalable production of functional β cells from hPSCs in vitro. Our innovative method also enriches a novel NKX6.1+/PDX1– population, with characteristics of proposed endocrine precursors, allowing further studies on deciphering routes to β-cell development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0759-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Karam
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al-Khawaga
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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217
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Loo LSW, Lau HH, Jasmen JB, Lim CS, Teo AKK. An arduous journey from human pluripotent stem cells to functional pancreatic β cells. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:3-13. [PMID: 28474496 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are caused by a destruction and decrease in the number of functional insulin-producing β cells, respectively; therefore, the generation of functional β cells from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, collectively known as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), for potential cell replacement therapy and disease modelling is an intensely investigated area. Recent scientific breakthroughs enabled derivation of large quantities of human pancreatic β-like cells in vitro, although with varied glucose-stimulated insulin secretion kinetics. In the present review, we comprehensively summarize, compare and critically analyze the intricacies of these developing technologies, including differentiation platforms, robustness of protocols, and methodologies used to characterize hPSC-derived β-like cells. We also discuss experimental issues that need to be resolved before these β-like cells can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanita Binte Jasmen
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Petersen MB, Gonçalves CA, Kim YH, Grapin-Botton A. Recapitulating and Deciphering Human Pancreas Development From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Dish. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 129:143-190. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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219
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Kwon H, Kim M, Seo Y, Moon YS, Lee HJ, Lee K, Lee H. Emergence of synthetic mRNA: In vitro synthesis of mRNA and its applications in regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 2017; 156:172-193. [PMID: 29197748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of gene therapy has evolved over the past two decades after the first introduction of nucleic acid drugs, such as plasmid DNA (pDNA). With the development of in vitro transcription (IVT) methods, synthetic mRNA has become an emerging class of gene therapy. IVT mRNA has several advantages over conventional pDNA for the expression of target proteins. mRNA does not require nuclear localization to mediate protein translation. The intracellular process for protein expression is much simpler and there is no potential risk of insertion mutagenesis. Having these advantages, the level of protein expression is far enhanced as comparable to that of viral expression systems. This makes IVT mRNA a powerful alternative gene expression system for various applications in regenerative medicine. In this review, we highlight the synthesis and preparation of IVT mRNA and its therapeutic applications. The article includes the design and preparation of IVT mRNA, chemical modification of IVT mRNA, and therapeutic applications of IVT mRNA in cellular reprogramming, stem cell engineering, and protein replacement therapy. Finally, future perspectives and challenges of IVT mRNA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyokyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunmi Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Seul Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyukjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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220
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Ribeiro D, Andersson EM, Heath N, Persson-Kry A, Collins R, Hicks R, Dekker N, Forslöw A. Human pancreatic islet-derived extracellular vesicles modulate insulin expression in 3D-differentiating iPSC clusters. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187665. [PMID: 29117231 PMCID: PMC5678888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate crosstalk between hormones and metabolites within pancreatic tissue. However, the possible effect of pancreatic EVs on stem cell differentiation into pancreatic lineages remains unknown. Herein, human islet-derived EVs (h-Islet-EVs) were isolated, characterized and subsequently added to human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clusters during pancreatic differentiation. The h-islet-EVs had a mean size of 117±7 nm and showed positive expression of CD63 and CD81 EV markers as measured by ELISA. The presence of key pancreatic transcription factor mRNA, such as NGN3, MAFA and PDX1, and pancreatic hormone proteins such as C-peptide and glucagon, were confirmed in h-Islet-EVs. iPSC clusters were differentiated in suspension and at the end stages of the differentiation protocol, the mRNA expression of the main pancreatic transcription factors and pancreatic hormones was increased. H-Islet-EVs were supplemented to the iPSC clusters in the later stages of differentiation. It was observed that h-Islet-EVs were able to up-regulate the intracellular levels of C-peptide in iPSC clusters in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of h-Islet-EVs on the differentiation of iPSC clusters cultured in 3D-collagen hydrogels was also assessed. Although increased mRNA expression for pancreatic markers was observed when culturing the iPSC clusters in 3D-collagen hydrogels, delivery of EVs did not affect the insulin or C-peptide intracellular content. Our results provide new information on the role of h-Islet-EVs in the regulation of insulin expression in differentiating iPSC clusters, and are highly relevant for pancreatic tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ribeiro
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Bioengineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva-Marie Andersson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nikki Heath
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Persson-Kry
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard Collins
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Hicks
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Forslöw
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kieffer TJ, Woltjen K, Osafune K, Yabe D, Inagaki N. Beta-cell replacement strategies for diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 9:457-463. [PMID: 28984038 PMCID: PMC5934267 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose as a result of insufficient production of insulin from loss or dysfunction of pancreatic islet β-cells. Here, we review several approaches to replacing β-cells that were recently discussed at a symposium held in Kyoto, Japan. Transplant of donor human islets can effectively treat diabetes and eliminate the need for insulin injections, supporting research aimed at identifying abundant supplies of cells. Studies showing the feasibility of producing mouse islets in rats support the concept of generating pigs with human pancreas that can serve as donors of human islets, although scientific and ethical challenges remain. Alternatively, in vitro differentiation of both human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is being actively pursued as an islet cell source, and embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are now in clinical trials in North America in patients with diabetes. Macro-encapsulation devices are being used to contain and protect the cells from immune attack, and alternate strategies of immune-isolation are being pursued, such as islets contained within long microfibers. Recent advancements in genetic engineering tools offer exciting opportunities to broaden therapeutic strategies and to probe the genetic involvement in β-cell failure that contributes to diabetes. Personalized medicine might eventually become a possibility with genetically edited patient-induced pluripotent stem cells, and the development of simplified robust differentiation protocols that ideally become standardized and automated. Additional efforts to develop a safe and effective β-cell replacement strategy to treat diabetes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular & Physiological SciencesLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Department of Cellular & Physiological SciencesLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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222
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Millette K, Georgia S. Gene Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Tools for Advancing Diabetes Disease Modeling and Beta-Cell Development. Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17:116. [PMID: 28980194 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-017-0947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the multiple approaches to gene editing and address the potential use of genetically modified human pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells (SC-β) as a tool to study human beta-cell development and model their function in diabetes. We will explore how new variations of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing may accelerate our understanding of beta-cell developmental biology, elucidate novel mechanisms that establish and regulate beta-cell function, and assist in pioneering new therapeutic modalities for treating diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Improvements in CRISPR/Cas9 target specificity and homology-directed recombination continue to advance its use in engineering stem cells to model and potentially treat disease. We will review how CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is informing our understanding of beta-cell development and expanding the therapeutic possibilities for treating diabetes and other diseases. Here we focus on the emerging use of gene editing technology, specifically CRISPR/Cas9, as a means of manipulating human gene expression to gain novel insights into the roles of key factors in beta-cell development and function. Taken together, the combined use of SC-β cells and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing will shed new light on human beta-cell development and function and accelerate our progress towards developing new therapies for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Millette
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Senta Georgia
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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223
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Espes D, Lau J, Carlsson PO. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Towards the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 177:R159-R168. [PMID: 28487297 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-producing cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have for long been a promising, but elusive treatment far from clinical translation into type 1 diabetes therapy. However, the field is now on the verge of moving such insulin-producing cells into clinical trials. Although stem cell therapies provide great opportunities, there are also potential risks such as teratoma formation associated with the treatment. Many considerations are needed on how to proceed with clinical translation, including whether to use hESCs or iPSCs, and whether encapsulation of tissue will be needed. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of stem cell therapy outcomes in animal models of type 1 diabetes and a proposed road map towards the clinical setting with special focus on the potential risks and hurdles which needs to be considered. From a clinical point of view, transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from stem cells must be performed without immune suppression in order to be an attractive treatment option. Although costly and highly labour intensive, patient-derived iPSCs would be the only solution, if not clinically successful encapsulation or tolerance induction protocols are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Espes
- Departments of Medical Cell Biology
- Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joey Lau
- Departments of Medical Cell Biology
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Departments of Medical Cell Biology
- Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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224
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Abstract
The pancreas is a complex organ with exocrine and endocrine components. Many pathologies impair exocrine function, including chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin, patients develop diabetes mellitus. Pathology in either the endocrine or exocrine pancreas results in devastating economic and personal consequences. The current standard therapy for treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is daily exogenous insulin injections, but cell sources of insulin provide superior glycaemic regulation and research is now focused on the goal of regenerating or replacing β cells. Stem-cell-based models might be useful to study exocrine pancreatic disorders, and mesenchymal stem cells or secreted factors might delay disease progression. Although the standards that bioengineered cells must meet before being considered as a viable therapy are not yet established, any potential therapy must be acceptably safe and functionally superior to current therapies. Here, we describe progress and challenges in cell-based methods to restore pancreatic function, with a focus on optimizing the site for cell delivery and decreasing requirements for immunosuppression through encapsulation. We also discuss the tools and strategies being used to generate exocrine pancreas and insulin-producing β-cell surrogates in situ and highlight obstacles to clinical application.
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225
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Levine S, Grabel L. The contribution of human/non-human animal chimeras to stem cell research. Stem Cell Res 2017; 24:128-134. [PMID: 28941410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric animals are made up of cells from two separate zygotes. Human/non-human animal chimeras have been used for a number of research purposes, including human disease modeling. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) research has relied upon the chimera approach to examine the developmental potential of stem cells, to determine the efficacy of cell replacement therapies, and to establish a means of producing human organs. Based on ethical issues, this work has faced pushback from various sources including funding agencies. We discuss here the essential role these studies have played, from gaining a better understanding of human biology to providing a stepping stone to human disease treatments. We also consider the major ethical issues, as well as the current status of support for this work in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Levine
- Department of Biology and College of the Environment, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, United States.
| | - Laura Grabel
- Department of Biology and College of the Environment, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, United States.
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226
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Macgregor M, Williams R, Downes J, Bachhuka A, Vasilev K. The Role of Controlled Surface Topography and Chemistry on Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Attachment, Growth and Self-Renewal. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1081. [PMID: 28906470 PMCID: PMC5615735 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The success of stem cell therapies relies heavily on our ability to control their fate in vitro during expansion to ensure an appropriate supply. The biophysical properties of the cell culture environment have been recognised as a potent stimuli influencing cellular behaviour. In this work we used advanced plasma-based techniques to generate model culture substrates with controlled nanotopographical features of 16 nm, 38 nm and 68 nm in magnitude, and three differently tailored surface chemical functionalities. The effect of these two surface properties on the adhesion, spreading, and self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) were assessed. The results demonstrated that physical and chemical cues influenced the behaviour of these stem cells in in vitro culture in different ways. The size of the nanotopographical features impacted on the cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation, while the chemistry influenced the cell self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Macgregor
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Rachel Williams
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Joni Downes
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Akash Bachhuka
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- School of Engineering, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
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227
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Petersen MBK, Azad A, Ingvorsen C, Hess K, Hansson M, Grapin-Botton A, Honoré C. Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis of a Human ESC Model of Pancreatic Endocrine Development Reveals Different Paths to β-Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1246-1261. [PMID: 28919263 PMCID: PMC5639261 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of insulin-producing β cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro represents a promising strategy for a cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. To explore the cellular heterogeneity and temporal progression of endocrine progenitors and their progeny, we performed single-cell qPCR on more than 500 cells across several stages of in vitro differentiation of hESCs and compared them with human islets. We reveal distinct subpopulations along the endocrine differentiation path and an early lineage bifurcation toward either polyhormonal cells or β-like cells. We uncover several similarities and differences with mouse development and reveal that cells can take multiple paths to the same differentiation state, a principle that could be relevant to other systems. Notably, activation of the key β-cell transcription factor NKX6.1 can be initiated before or after endocrine commitment. The single-cell temporal resolution we provide can be used to improve the production of functional β cells. Single-cell qPCR identifies subpopulations on hESC to endocrine differentiation paths All hESC-derived endocrine cells transcribe multiple hormones in vitro A subpopulation of hESC-derived INS+ cells transcriptionally resembles adult β cells NKX6.1 onset before or after endocrine commitment leads to β-cell differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Borup Kjær Petersen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark; DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ajuna Azad
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Histology and Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Katja Hess
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mattias Hansson
- Global Research External Affairs, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Christian Honoré
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark.
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228
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Scavuzzo MA, Yang D, Borowiak M. Organotypic pancreatoids with native mesenchyme develop Insulin producing endocrine cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10810. [PMID: 28883507 PMCID: PMC5589819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of lost beta cells in patients with diabetes has the potential to alleviate them of their disease, yet current protocols to make beta cells are inadequate for therapy. In vitro screens can reveal the signals necessary for endocrine maturation to improve beta cell production, however the complexities of in vivo development that lead to beta cell formation are lost in two-dimensional systems. Here, we create three-dimensional organotypic pancreatic cultures, named pancreatoids, composed of embryonic day 10.5 murine epithelial progenitors and native mesenchyme. These progenitors assemble in scaffold-free, floating conditions and, with the inclusion of native mesenchyme, develop into pancreatoids expressing markers of different pancreatic lineages including endocrine-like cells. Treatment of pancreatoids with (-)-Indolactam-V or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, two protein kinase C activators, leads to altered morphology which otherwise would be overlooked in two-dimensional systems. Protein kinase C activation also led to fewer Insulin+ cells, decreased Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA levels, and increased Pdx1 and Hes1 mRNA levels with a high number of DBA+ cells. Thus, organotypic pancreatoids provide a useful tool for developmental studies, and can further be used for disease modeling, small molecules and genetic screens, or applied to human pluripotent stem cell differentiation for beta-like cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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229
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Glycoprotein 2 is a specific cell surface marker of human pancreatic progenitors. Nat Commun 2017; 8:331. [PMID: 28835709 PMCID: PMC5569081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors (PPs) give rise to endocrine cells both in vitro and in vivo. This cell population can be successfully differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and hold the potential to generate an unlimited supply of β cells for diabetes treatment. However, the efficiency of PP generation in vitro is highly variable, negatively impacting reproducibility and validation of in vitro and in vivo studies, and consequently, translation to the clinic. Here, we report the use of a proteomics approach to phenotypically characterize hPSC-derived PPs and distinguish these cells from non-PP populations during differentiation. Our analysis identifies the pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein 2 (GP2) as a PP-specific cell surface marker. Remarkably, GP2 is co-expressed with NKX6-1 and PTF1A in human developing pancreata, indicating that it marks the multipotent pancreatic progenitors in vivo. Finally, we show that isolated hPSC-derived GP2+ cells generate β-like cells (C-PEPTIDE+/NKX6-1+) more efficiently compared to GP2− and unsorted populations, underlining the potential therapeutic applications of GP2. Pancreatic progenitors (PPs) can be derived from human pluripotent stem cells in vitro but efficiency of differentiation varies, making it hard to sort for insulin-producing cells. Here, the authors use a proteomic approach to identify the secretory granule membrane glycoprotein 2 as a marker for PDX1+/NKX6-1+ PPs.
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230
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Kimura A, Toyoda T, Nishi Y, Nasu M, Ohta A, Osafune K. Small molecule AT7867 proliferates PDX1-expressing pancreatic progenitor cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 24:61-68. [PMID: 28843156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While pancreatic islet transplantation achieves insulin independence in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, its widespread application is limited by donor tissue scarcity. Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) give rise to all cell types in the pancreas during development. PPCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells have been shown to differentiate into functional β cells both in vitro and in vivo, and to reverse hyperglycemia, at least in mice. Therefore, PPCs have great potential to serve as an alternative cell source for cell therapy, and the identification of compounds that facilitate PPC proliferation could provide stable and large-scale pancreatic cell preparation systems in clinical settings. Here, we developed and performed cell-based screens to identify small molecules that induce the proliferation of hiPSC-derived PDX1-expressing PPCs. The screening identified AT7867, which promoted PPC proliferation approximately five-fold within six days through the maintenance of a high Ki67+ cell ratio. The induced proliferation by AT7867 does not result in DNA damage, as revealed by pHH2AX staining, and is observed specifically in PPCs but not other cell types. The established platform utilizing small molecules for PPC proliferation may contribute to the development of cell therapy for T1D using a regenerative medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azuma Kimura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Nasu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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231
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Galivo F, Benedetti E, Wang Y, Pelz C, Schug J, Kaestner KH, Grompe M. Reprogramming human gallbladder cells into insulin-producing β-like cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181812. [PMID: 28813430 PMCID: PMC5558938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gallbladder and cystic duct (GBCs) are parts of the extrahepatic biliary tree and share a common developmental origin with the ventral pancreas. Here, we report on the very first genetic reprogramming of patient-derived human GBCs to β-like cells for potential autologous cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. We developed a robust method for large-scale expansion of human GBCs ex vivo. GBCs were reprogrammed into insulin-producing pancreatic β-like cells by a combined adenoviral-mediated expression of hallmark pancreatic endocrine transcription factors PDX1, MAFA, NEUROG3, and PAX6 and differentiation culture in vitro. The reprogrammed GBCs (rGBCs) strongly induced the production of insulin and pancreatic endocrine genes and these responded to glucose stimulation in vitro. rGBCs also expressed an islet-specific surface marker, which was used to enrich for the most highly reprogrammed cells. More importantly, global mRNA and microRNA expression profiles and protein immunostaining indicated that rGBCs adopted an overall β-like state and these rGBCs engrafted in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, comparative global expression analyses identified putative regulators of human biliary to β cell fate conversion. In summary, we have developed, for the first time, a reliable and robust genetic reprogramming and culture expansion of primary human GBCs—derived from multiple unrelated donors—into pancreatic β-like cells ex vivo, thus showing that human gallbladder is a potentially rich source of reprogrammable cells for autologous cell therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feorillo Galivo
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FG); (MG)
| | - Eric Benedetti
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine and Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FG); (MG)
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232
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Kondo Y, Toyoda T, Ito R, Funato M, Hosokawa Y, Matsui S, Sudo T, Nakamura M, Okada C, Zhuang X, Watanabe A, Ohta A, Inagaki N, Osafune K. Identification of a small molecule that facilitates the differentiation of human iPSCs/ESCs and mouse embryonic pancreatic explants into pancreatic endocrine cells. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1454-1466. [PMID: 28534195 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta-like cells generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) or human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer an appealing donor tissue source. However, differentiation protocols that mainly use growth factors are costly. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish efficient differentiation protocols to change hiPSCs/hESCs to insulin (INS)+ cells using novel small-molecule inducers. METHODS We screened small molecules that increased the induction rate of INS+ cells from hESC-derived pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)+ pancreatic progenitor cells. The differentiation protocol to generate INS+ cells from hiPSCs/hESCs was optimised using hit compounds, and INS+ cells induced with the compounds were characterised for their in vitro and in vivo functions. The inducing activity of the hit compounds was also examined using mouse embryonic pancreatic tissues in an explant culture system. Finally, RNA sequencing analyses were performed on the INS+ cells to elucidate the mechanisms of action by which the hit compounds induced pancreatic endocrine differentiation. RESULTS One hit compound, sodium cromoglicate (SCG), was identified out of approximately 1250 small molecules screened. When SCG was combined with a previously described protocol, the induction rate of INS+ cells increased from a mean ± SD of 5.9 ± 1.5% (n = 3) to 16.5 ± 2.1% (n = 3). SCG induced neurogenin 3-positive cells at a mean ± SD of 32.6 ± 4.6% (n = 3) compared with 14.2 ± 3.6% (n = 3) for control treatment without SCG, resulting in an increased generation of endocrine cells including insulin-producing cells. Similar induction by SCG was confirmed using mouse embryonic pancreatic explants. We also confirmed that the mechanisms of action by which SCG induced pancreatic endocrine differentiation included the inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein 4 signalling. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SCG improves the generation of pancreatic endocrine cells from multiple hiPSC/hESC lines and mouse embryonic pancreatic explants by facilitating the differentiation of endocrine precursors. This discovery will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of pancreatic endocrine development and facilitate cost-effective generation of INS+ cells from hiPSCs/hESCs. DATA AVAILABILITY The RNA sequencing data generated during the current study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo ) with series accession number GSE89973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michinori Funato
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Hosokawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsui
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sudo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd, 5-4-36, Tsukaguchi-honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Xiaotong Zhuang
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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233
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Harb G, Poh YC, Pagliuca F. Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Producing β Cells to Treat Diabetes. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-017-0161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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234
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Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols based on mimicking developmental pathways are getting close to generating fully fledged pancreatic endocrine cells, including insulin-producing beta cells. However, challenges remain in identifying pathways to trigger the attainment of robust glucose responsiveness that occurs postnatally in beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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235
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Probing the missing mature β-cell proteomic landscape in differentiating patient iPSC-derived cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4780. [PMID: 28684784 PMCID: PMC5500592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04979-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MODY1 is a maturity-onset monogenic diabetes, caused by heterozygous mutations of the HNF4A gene. To date the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to disease onset remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that insulin-positive cells can be generated in vitro from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from patients carrying a non-sense HNF4A mutation, proving for the first time, that a human HNF4A mutation is neither blocking the expression of the insulin genes nor the development of insulin-producing cells in vitro. However, regardless of the mutation or diabetes status, these insulin-producing cells are immature, a common downfall off most current β-cell differentiation protocols. To further address the immature state of the cells, in vitro differentiated cells and adult human islets were compared by global proteomic analysis. We report the predicted upstream regulators and signalling pathways characterizing the proteome landscape of each entity. Subsequently, we focused on the molecular components absent or misregulated in the in vitro differentiated cells, to probe the components involved in the deficient in vitro maturation towards fully functional β-cells. This analysis identified the modulation of key developmental signalling pathways representing potential targets for improving the efficiency of the current differentiation protocols.
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236
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Jacobson EF, Tzanakakis ES. Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to functional pancreatic cells for diabetes therapies: Innovations, challenges and future directions. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28680477 PMCID: PMC5494890 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the expansion and directed pancreatogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have intensified efforts to generate functional pancreatic islet cells, especially insulin-secreting β-cells, for cell therapies against diabetes. However, the consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin-releasing cells remains challenging. In this article, we first present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which frequently serves as a basis for engineering differentiation regimens. Next, past and current efforts are critically discussed for the conversion of hPSCs along pancreatic cell lineages, including endocrine β-cells and α-cells, as well as exocrine cells with emphasis placed on the later stages of commitment. Finally, major challenges and future directions are examined, such as the identification of factors for in vivo maturation, large-scale culture and post processing systems, cell loss during differentiation, culture economics, efficiency, and efficacy and exosomes and miRNAs in pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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237
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Sordi V, Pellegrini S, Krampera M, Marchetti P, Pessina A, Ciardelli G, Fadini G, Pintus C, Pantè G, Piemonti L. Stem cells to restore insulin production and cure diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:583-600. [PMID: 28545927 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advancement of knowledge in the field of regenerative medicine is increasing the therapeutic expectations of patients and clinicians on cell therapy approaches. Within these, stem cell therapies are often evoked as a possible therapeutic option for diabetes, already ongoing or possible in the near future. AIM The purpose of this document is to make a point of the situation on existing knowledge and therapies with stem cells to treat patients with diabetes by focusing on some of the aspects that most frequently raise curiosity and discussion in clinical practice and in the interaction with the patient. In fact, at present there are no clinically approved treatments based on the use of stem cells for the treatment of diabetes, but several therapeutic approaches have already been evaluated or are being evaluated in clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS It is possible to identify three large potential application fields: 1) the reconstruction of the β cell mass; 2) the immunomodulation in type 1 diabetes (T1D); 3) the treatment of complications. In this study we will limit the discussion to approaches that have the potential for clinical translation, deliberately omitting aspects of basic biology and preclinical data. Also, we intentionally omit the treatment of the complications that will be the subject of a future document. Finally, an overview of the Italian situation regarding the storage of cord blood cells for the therapy of diabetes will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Pessina
- CRC-StaMeTec (Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cell Therapy), Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Ciardelli
- DIMEAS - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G Fadini
- Medicine Department (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - C Pintus
- Italian National Transplant Center (CNT), Italy
| | - G Pantè
- Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), Italy
| | - L Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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238
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Al-Khawaga S, Memon B, Butler AE, Taheri S, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. Pathways governing development of stem cell-derived pancreatic β cells: lessons from embryogenesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Khawaga
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Bushra Memon
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.A
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Abdul B. Abou-Samra
- Department of Medicine; Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO BOX 24144; Doha Qatar
- Department of Medicine; Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute; Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Education City; Doha Qatar
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239
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Sackett SD, Rodriguez A, Odorico JS. The Nexus of Stem Cell-Derived Beta-Cells and Genome Engineering. Rev Diabet Stud 2017. [PMID: 28632820 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2017.14.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, type 1 and type 2 (T1D and T2D), are diseases of epidemic proportions, which are complicated and defined by genetics, epigenetics, environment, and lifestyle choices. Current therapies consist of whole pancreas or islet transplantation. However, these approaches require life-time immunosuppression, and are compounded by the paucity of available donors. Pluripotent stem cells have advanced research in the fields of stem cell biology, drug development, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine, and importantly allows for the interrogation of therapeutic interventions. Recent developments in beta-cell differentiation and genomic modifications are now propelling investigations into the mechanisms behind beta-cell failure and autoimmunity, and offer new strategies for reducing the propensity for immunogenicity. This review discusses the derivation of endocrine lineage cells from human pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of diabetes, and how the editing or manipulation of their genomes can transcend many of the remaining challenges of stem cell technologies, leading to superior transplantation and diabetes drug discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D Sackett
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Jon S Odorico
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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240
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Pepper AR, Pawlick R, Bruni A, Wink J, Rafiei Y, O'Gorman D, Yan-Do R, Gala-Lopez B, Kin T, MacDonald PE, Shapiro AMJ. Transplantation of Human Pancreatic Endoderm Cells Reverses Diabetes Post Transplantation in a Prevascularized Subcutaneous Site. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1689-1700. [PMID: 28591651 PMCID: PMC5470173 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-cell replacement therapy is an effective means to restore glucose homeostasis in select humans with autoimmune diabetes. The scarcity of "healthy" human donor pancreata restricts the broader application of this effective curative therapy. "β-Like" cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC), with the capacity to secrete insulin in a glucose-regulated manner, have been developed in vitro, with limitless capacity for expansion. Here we report long-term diabetes correction in mice transplanted with hESC-derived pancreatic endoderm cells (PECs) in a prevascularized subcutaneous site. This advancement mitigates chronic foreign-body response, utilizes a device- and growth factor-free approach, facilitates in vivo differentiation of PECs into glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells, and reliably restores glycemic control. Basal and stimulated human C-peptide secretion was detected throughout the study, which was abolished upon graft removal. Recipient mice demonstrated physiological clearance of glucose in response to metabolic challenge and safely retrieved grafts contained viable glucose regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pepper
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440 Walter C Mackenzie Health Centre 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T5G 2B7, Canada
| | - Rena Pawlick
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Antonio Bruni
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440 Walter C Mackenzie Health Centre 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T5G 2B7, Canada
| | - John Wink
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Yasmin Rafiei
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Doug O'Gorman
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Richard Yan-Do
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, 9-70 Medical Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Boris Gala-Lopez
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440 Walter C Mackenzie Health Centre 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T5G 2B7, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, 9-70 Medical Science Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, 112 Street & 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 8440 Walter C Mackenzie Health Centre 112 Street, Edmonton, AB T5G 2B7, Canada.
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241
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is defined by an autoimmune destruction of insulin producing β-cells located in the endocrine part of the pancreas, the islets of Langerhans. As exogenous insulin administration fails at preventing severe complications associated with this disease, cell replacement therapies are being considered as a means to treat T1D. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the challenges associated with current strategies and discuss the potential of stem cell therapy for the treatment of T1D. RECENT FINDINGS The most prominent therapy offered to T1D patients is exogenous insulin administration which, despite formulations improvement, remains a suboptimal treatment, due to the frequency of injections and the issues associated with precise dosing. As immunotherapy approaches have remained unsuccessful, the only cure for T1D is transplantation of donor-derived pancreas or islets. However, donor scarcity, graft loss, and immune response to the foreign tissue are issues challenging this approach and limiting the number of patients who can benefit from such treatments. In this review, we discuss the causes of T1D and the shortcomings of the current treatments. Furthermore, we summarize the cutting edge research that aims to tackle the current challenges in reaching a quality-controlled product with long-term effects, with a focus on regenerative medicine approaches using human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Nostro
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Toronto, Canada.
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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242
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas. Although islet transplantation has proved to be successful for some patients with type 1 diabetes, its widespread use is limited by islet donor shortage and the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression. An encapsulation strategy that can prevent the rejection of xenogeneic islets or of stem cell-derived allogeneic islets can potentially eliminate both of these barriers. Although encapsulation technology has met several challenges, the convergence of expertise in materials, nanotechnology, stem cell biology and immunology is allowing us to get closer to the goal of encapsulated islet cell therapy for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Desai
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Byers Hall Rm 203C, MC 2520, 1700 4th Street, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1119 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2099, USA
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243
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Ma X, Zhu S. Chemical strategies for pancreatic β cell differentiation, reprogramming, and regeneration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:289-301. [PMID: 28338772 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of unlimited functional pancreatic β cells is critical for the study of pancreatic biology and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Recent advances have suggested several promising directions, including directed differentiation of pancreatic β cells from pluripotent stem cells, reprogramming of pancreatic β cells from other types of somatic cells, and stimulated proliferation and enhanced functions of existing pancreatic β cells. Small molecules are useful in generating unlimited numbers of functional pancreatic cells in vitro and could be further developed as drugs to stimulate endogenous pancreatic regeneration. Here, we provide an updated summary of recent major achievements in pancreatic β cell differentiation, reprogramming, proliferation, and function. These studies will eventually lead to significant advances in the field of pancreatic biology and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Saiyong Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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244
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Manzar GS, Kim EM, Zavazava N. Demethylation of induced pluripotent stem cells from type 1 diabetic patients enhances differentiation into functional pancreatic β cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14066-14079. [PMID: 28360105 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be managed by transplanting either the whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets. However, cadaveric pancreas is scarcely available for clinical use, limiting this approach. As such, there is a great need to identify alternative sources of clinically usable pancreatic tissues. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from patients with T1D to generate glucose-responsive, insulin-producing cells (IPCs) via 3D culture. Initially, T1D iPS cells were resistant to differentiation, but transient demethylation treatment significantly enhanced IPC yield. The cells responded to high-glucose stimulation by secreting insulin in vitro The shape, size, and number of their granules, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, were identical to those found in cadaveric β cells. When the IPCs were transplanted into immunodeficient mice that had developed streptozotocin-induced diabetes, they promoted a dramatic decrease in hyperglycemia, causing the mice to become normoglycemic within 28 days. None of the mice died or developed teratomas. Because the cells are derived from "self," immunosuppression is not required, providing a much safer and reliable treatment option for T1D patients. Moreover, these cells can be used for drug screening, thereby accelerating drug discovery. In conclusion, our approach eliminates the need for cadaveric pancreatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar S Manzar
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa,; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, and Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa,; Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicholas Zavazava
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa,.
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245
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McGaugh EC, Nostro MC. Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28362406 DOI: 10.3791/55265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate to multiple lineages, making them an attractive source for the generation of pancreatic progenitor cells that can be used for the study of and future treatment of diabetes. This article outlines a four-stage differentiation protocol designed to generate pancreatic progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This protocol can be applied to a number of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. The approach taken to generate pancreatic progenitor cells is to differentiate hESCs to accurately model key stages of pancreatic development. This begins with the induction of the definitive endoderm, which is achieved by culturing the cells in the presence of Activin A, basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and CHIR990210. Further differentiation and patterning with Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) and Dorsomorphin generates cells resembling the posterior foregut. The addition of Retinoic Acid, NOGGIN, SANT-1 and FGF10 differentiates posterior foregut cells into cells characteristic of pancreatic endoderm. Finally, the combination of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Nicotinamide and NOGGIN leads to the efficient generation of PDX1+/NKX6-1+ cells. Flow cytometry is performed to confirm the expression of specific markers at key stages of pancreatic development. The PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors at the end of stage 4 are capable of generating mature β cells upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice and can be further differentiated to generate insulin-producing cells in vitro. Thus, the efficient generation of PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors, as demonstrated in this protocol, is of great importance as it provides a platform to study human pancreatic development in vitro and provides a source of cells with the potential of differentiating to β cells that could eventually be used for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C McGaugh
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network; McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network; McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto;
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246
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Jiang FX, Li K, Archer M, Mehta M, Jamieson E, Charles A, Dickinson JE, Matsumoto M, Morahan G. Differentiation of Islet Progenitors Regulated by Nicotinamide into Transcriptome-Verified β Cells That Ameliorate Diabetes. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1341-1354. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- Islet Cell Development Program, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | - Kevin Li
- Islet Cell Development Program, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | | | - Munish Mehta
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | - Emma Jamieson
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
| | - Adrian Charles
- School of Women's and Infants' Health; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Australia
| | - Jan E. Dickinson
- School of Women's and Infants' Health; The University of Western Australia; Nedlands Australia
| | | | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, and Centre for Medical Research
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247
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Tiyaboonchai A, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Ying L, Maguire JA, Sim X, Jobaliya C, Gagne AL, Kishore S, Stanescu DE, Hughes N, De Leon DD, French DL, Gadue P. GATA6 Plays an Important Role in the Induction of Human Definitive Endoderm, Development of the Pancreas, and Functionality of Pancreatic β Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:589-604. [PMID: 28196690 PMCID: PMC5355564 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells were created from a pancreas agenesis patient with a mutation in GATA6. Using genome-editing technology, additional stem cell lines with mutations in both GATA6 alleles were generated and demonstrated a severe block in definitive endoderm induction, which could be rescued by re-expression of several different GATA family members. Using the endodermal progenitor stem cell culture system to bypass the developmental block at the endoderm stage, cell lines with mutations in one or both GATA6 alleles could be differentiated into β-like cells but with reduced efficiency. Use of suboptimal doses of retinoic acid during pancreas specification revealed a more severe phenotype, more closely mimicking the patient’s disease. GATA6 mutant β-like cells fail to secrete insulin upon glucose stimulation and demonstrate defective insulin processing. These data show that GATA6 plays a critical role in endoderm and pancreas specification and β-like cell functionality in humans. GATA6 is required for definitive endoderm specification in human ES/iPS cells Bypassing the endoderm defect allows GATA6 mutants to generate β-like cells Suboptimal retinoic acid signaling blocks pancreas specification in GATA6 mutants GATA6 is critical for human β cell function in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Tiyaboonchai
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lei Ying
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jean Ann Maguire
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiuli Sim
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chintan Jobaliya
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alyssa L Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Siddharth Kishore
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana E Stanescu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nkecha Hughes
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diva D De Leon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, CTRB 5012, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Higuchi A, Suresh Kumar S, Ling QD, Alarfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Murugan K, Hsu ST, Benelli G, Umezawa A. Polymeric design of cell culture materials that guide the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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249
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Larsen HL, Grapin-Botton A. The molecular and morphogenetic basis of pancreas organogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 66:51-68. [PMID: 28089869 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pancreas is an essential endoderm-derived organ that ensures nutrient metabolism via its endocrine and exocrine functions. Here we review the essential processes governing the embryonic and early postnatal development of the pancreas discussing both the mechanisms and molecules controlling progenitor specification, expansion and differentiation. We elaborate on how these processes are orchestrated in space and coordinated with morphogenesis. We draw mainly from experiments conducted in the mouse model but also from investigations in other model organisms, complementing a recent comprehensive review of human pancreas development (Jennings et al., 2015) [1]. The understanding of pancreas development in model organisms provides a framework to interpret how human mutations lead to neonatal diabetes and may contribute to other forms of diabetes and to guide the production of desired pancreatic cell types from pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte List Larsen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3 B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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250
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Garreta E, Marco A, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Montserrat N. Genome editing in human pluripotent stem cells: a systematic approach unrevealing pancreas development and disease. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 3:76. [PMID: 28066778 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Marco
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain;; Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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