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Krawczuk D, Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Mroczko B. Clinical Application of Blood Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases-Present and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8132. [PMID: 39125699 PMCID: PMC11311320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of complex diseases characterized by a progressive loss of neurons and degeneration in different areas of the nervous system. They share similar mechanisms, such as neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial injury, resulting in neuronal loss. One of the biggest challenges in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases is their heterogeneity. Clinical symptoms are usually present in the advanced stages of the disease, thus it is essential to find optimal biomarkers that would allow early diagnosis. Due to the development of ultrasensitive methods analyzing proteins in other fluids, such as blood, huge progress has been made in the field of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. The application of protein biomarker measurement has significantly influenced not only diagnosis but also prognosis, differentiation, and the development of new therapies, as it enables the recognition of early stages of disease in individuals with preclinical stages or with mild symptoms. Additionally, the introduction of biochemical markers into routine clinical practice may improve diagnosis and allow for a stratification group of people with higher risk, as well as an extension of well-being since a treatment could be started early. In this review, we focus on blood biomarkers, which could be potentially useful in the daily medical practice of selected neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Krawczuk
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (D.K.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (D.K.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (D.K.); (A.K.-P.)
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
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Bava D, Panda S, Jain R, Mittal S, Gupta A, Khan A, Mandal S, Bajpayee A. Therapeutic plasma exchange in autoimmune neurological disorders: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical outcomes, safety, and long-term disability using the modified Rankin scale. Ther Apher Dial 2024. [PMID: 39053908 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune neurological diseases (ANDs) involve the immune system attacking the nervous system, leading to various symptoms. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is used to remove pathogenic autoantibodies, aiming to improve clinical outcomes. METHODS This ambispective observational study included 99 patients with ANDs who underwent TPE from January 2018 to June 2022 at a tertiary care center in India. Clinical outcomes were measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at admission, post-TPE, at 3-months, 6-months, and 1-year follow-up post-discharge. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.0. RESULTS The median mRS score improved significantly from 5 (IQR 4-5) before TPE to 3 (IQR 2-4) post-TPE (p < 0.001). Complications occurred in 5.95% of procedures, with allergic reactions being the most common. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9%. CONCLUSION TPE is a safe and effective treatment modality for autoimmune neurological diseases, especially in resource-constrained settings. It aids in both symptomatic relief and reducing long-term functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Bava
- Department of IHBT, NIMS Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Samhita Panda
- Department of Neurology, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Romesh Jain
- Department of Transfusion Medicine & Blood Bank, AIIMS Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Siddharth Mittal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Anubhav Gupta
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Atik Khan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Jupiter Hospital, Indore, India
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
| | - Archana Bajpayee
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, AIIMS Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
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Porcu M, Cocco L, Marrosu F, Cau R, Puig J, Suri JS, Saba L. Hippocampus and olfactory impairment in Parkinson disease: a comparative exploratory combined volumetric/functional MRI study. Neuroradiology 2024:10.1007/s00234-024-03436-6. [PMID: 39046517 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) commonly experience Olfactory Dysfunction (OD). Our exploratory study examined hippocampal volumetric and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) variations in a Healthy Control (HC) group versus a cognitively normal PD group, further categorized into PD with No/Mild Hyposmia (PD-N/MH) and PD with Severe Hyposmia (PD-SH). METHODS We calculated participants' relative Total Hippocampal Volume (rTHV) and performed Spearman's partial correlations, controlled for age and gender, to examine the correlation between rTHV and olfactory performance assessed by the Odor Stick Identification Test for the Japanese (OSIT-J) score. Mann-Whitney U tests assessed rTHV differences across groups and subgroups, rejecting the null hypothesis for p < 0.05. Furthermore, a seed-based rs-fMRI analysis compared hippocampal connectivity differences using a one-way ANCOVA covariate model with controls for age and gender. RESULTS Spearman's partial correlations indicated a moderate positive correlation between rTHV and OSIT-J in the whole study population (ρ = 0.406; p = 0.007), PD group (ρ = 0.493; p = 0.008), and PD-N/MH subgroup (ρ = 0.617; p = 0.025). Mann-Whitney U tests demonstrated lower rTHV in PD-SH subgroup compared to both HC group (p = 0.013) and PD-N/MH subgroup (p = 0.029). Seed-to-voxel rsfMRI analysis revealed reduced hippocampal connectivity in PD-SH subjects compared to HC subjects with a single cluster of voxels. CONCLUSIONS Although the design of the study do not allow to make firm conclusions, it is reasonable to speculate that the progressive involvement of the hippocampus in PD patients is associated with the progression of OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, S.S. 554, km 4.500, CAP 09042, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.
| | - Luigi Cocco
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Marrosu
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cau
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology (IDI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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204
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Singh G, Singh K, Sinha RA, Singh A, Khushi, Kumar A. Japanese encephalitis virus infection causes reactive oxygen species-mediated skeletal muscle damage. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39049535 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a clinically proven pathology associated with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection; however, underlying factors that govern skeletal muscle damage are yet to be explored. The current study aims to investigate the pathobiology of skeletal muscle damage using a mouse model of JEV infection. Our study reveals a significant increment in viral copy number in skeletal muscle post-JEV infection, which is associated with enhanced skeletal muscle cell death. Molecular and biochemical analysis confirms NOX2-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to autophagy flux inhibition and cell apoptosis. Along with this, an alteration in mitochondrial dynamics (change in fusion and fission process) and a decrease in the total number of mitochondria copies were found during JEV disease progression. The study represents the initial evidence of skeletal muscle damage caused by JEV and provides insights into potential avenues for therapeutic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Kulwant Singh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Khushi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
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Acar D, Tekin FC. The problem of unconscious and unidentified patients in emergency department admissions; a 3-year retrospective study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307540. [PMID: 39046967 PMCID: PMC11268634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Unidentified patients present a medical information dilemma for all medical departments but can be a major problem in Emergency Departments (EDs). This study aimed to determine the clinical and socio-demographic profile of 'unidentified' patients admitted to the ED with altered consciousness and to define the outcomes of these patients. All ED presentations were analyzed retrospectively for the unidentified patients brought to the hospital by ambulance with altered consciousness. We assessed demographic data, clinical presentation, discharge information, and major clinical outcomes. In this study, 1324 unidentified patients were admitted with altered consciousness to the ED. Of these, 1048 (80.1%) were foreign nationals. In this patient group, the most common diagnoses were; traffic accidents, assault or sharp object injuries, drug addicts, or syncope-epilepsy. In addition, the number of patients who left the hospital without permission or escaped and therefore could not be diagnosed was higher in the foreign nationalities group and constituted approximately one-fifth of the patients (18.9% vs. 5.4%, p:0.001). Of the unidentified patients, 903 (68.2%) were discharged after treatment. 351 (26.5%) patients left the ED unattended. 32 (2.4%) patients were hospitalized. 38 (2.9%) patients died in ED. The majority of the unidentified patients admitted to the ED with altered consciousness were immigrant males. Unidentified patients are a high-need population, most commonly presenting with substance misuse or trauma. Although most of the patients were seeking urgent treatment, more than one-fourth of the patients left the hospital without appropriate treatment and most of these patients were also immigrants. We believe that economic, linguistic, and social disadvantages played an important role in this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Acar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konya City Hospital, Karatay, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Cemal Tekin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konya City Hospital, Karatay, Konya, Türkiye
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206
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Rahman SM, Buchholz DW, Imbiakha B, Jager MC, Leach J, Osborn RM, Birmingham AO, Dewhurst S, Aguilar HC, Luebke AE. Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2-infected older mice with neurological signs. J Virol 2024; 98:e0006624. [PMID: 38814068 PMCID: PMC11265435 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00066-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv) and a 129S calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) null-line with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological signs including fever, dizziness, and nausea. We then evaluated whether a CGRP receptor antagonist, olcegepant, a "gepant" antagonist used in migraine treatment, could mitigate acute neuroinflammatory and neurological signs of SARS-COV-2 infection. First, we determined whether CGRP receptor antagonism provided protection from permanent weight loss in older (>18 m) C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv mice. We also observed acute fever, dizziness, and nausea in all older mice, regardless of treatment. In both wild-type mouse lines, CGRP antagonism reduced acute interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with virtually no IL-6 release in mice lacking αCGRP. These findings suggest that migraine inhibitors such as those blocking CGRP receptor signaling protect against acute IL-6 release and subsequent inflammatory events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may have repercussions for related pandemic or endemic coronavirus outbreaks.IMPORTANCECoronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we first infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129S) with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological symptoms including fever and nausea. Furthermore, we showed that the migraine treatment drug olcegepant could reduce long-term weight loss and IL-6 release associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest that a migraine blocker can be protective for at least some acute SARS-CoV-2 infection signs and raise the possibility that it may also impact long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat M. Rahman
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David W. Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Brian Imbiakha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mason C. Jager
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Justin Leach
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Raven M. Osborn
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ann O. Birmingham
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Anne E. Luebke
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Kattner AA. Ancient wisdom and modern innovations: Methods of administering healing. Biomed J 2024; 47:100773. [PMID: 39053731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This issue of the Biomedical Journal highlights major advancements in drug delivery, including aptamer-functionalized liposomes and nanozymes. A new biomarker combination shows promise for improved diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells are suggested to mitigate inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus, and a potential positive feedback loop driven by a prevalent mRNA modification is suggested to enhance NSCLC progression. Additional articles explore a pathological impact on autophagy leading to muscle dysfunction, the benefits of integrating an orphan drug with standard therapy for glioblastoma patients, and the influence of transcriptional super-enhancers in early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, this issue provides insights into the roles of different Blastocystis subtypes, and the use of laser light for treating infantile hemangioma.
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208
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Tian L, Zhao S, Zhang R. ITIH4 is a predictor for coronary thrombus in coronary arteriography patients. Future Cardiol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39041488 DOI: 10.1080/14796678.2024.2377924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore potential value of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain-4 (ITIH4) for coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis. Patients & methods: We recruited the patients who received coronary arteriography (CAG) examination. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect plasma ITIH4. Results: ITIH4 level was lower expression in CAD patients than that in patients of control group, and was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP). ITIH4 level is no differences between ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. However, its expression was significantly correlated with D-Dimer and thrombin time, and the logistic analysis confirmed predictive value of ITIH4 for visible thrombus in coronary. Conclusion: ITIH4 may be a useful biomarker in CAD diagnosis, and to predict visible thrombus in coronary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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209
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Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Alonso-Juarez M, Jankovic J. Functional Neurological Disorders Among Patients With Tremor. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:appineuropsych20230126. [PMID: 39034668 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional neurological disorders (FNDs) are increasingly recognized in the general population and neurology clinics, and there is evidence that patients with neurological disorders are more likely to have a FND. This study was designed to identify the clinical features of FNDs among patients with movement disorders when the two disorders coexist. METHODS The clinical histories and video recordings of 150 consecutive patients with tremors were examined: the types of tremor included essential tremor; essential tremor plus; dystonic tremor; tremor associated with dystonia; and drug-induced, myoclonic, orthostatic, task-specific, parkinsonian, Holmes, and unclassified tremor. Using criteria for "possible" and "probable" coexistent FND, clinical features that helped differentiate between functional and other neurological tremors were identified. RESULTS There were 27 (18%) patients with functional manifestations, and 17 (11% of full sample) of these patients had signs suggestive of comorbid functional tremor. Patients with comorbid functional manifestations were younger at presentation, and these patients had greater severity of tremor, particularly upper limb postural tremor. Functional manifestations were not more commonly observed among patients with any particular type of tremor, except for patients with Holmes tremor, who were more likely to have comorbid functional neurological manifestations. CONCLUSIONS About 18% of patients with diverse types of tremors also had comorbid functional neurological manifestations. Of the coexistent FNDs, functional tremor was the most common. Patients with co-occurring functional and other neurological tremors presented for evaluation at a younger age and had greater severity of arm tremor than those without comorbid functional neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Baizabal-Carvallo, Jankovic); Department of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León, México (Baizabal-Carvallo); Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico (Alonso-Juarez)
| | - Marlene Alonso-Juarez
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Baizabal-Carvallo, Jankovic); Department of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León, México (Baizabal-Carvallo); Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico (Alonso-Juarez)
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Baizabal-Carvallo, Jankovic); Department of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León, México (Baizabal-Carvallo); Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico (Alonso-Juarez)
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210
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Valades MT, Montero-Torres M, Lara-Abelenda FJ, Carabot F, Ortega MA, Álvarez-Mon M, Alvarez-Mon MA. Understanding public perceptions and discussions on diseases involving chronic pain through social media: cross-sectional infodemiology study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:569. [PMID: 39034398 PMCID: PMC11265081 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a highly prevalent medical condition that negatively impacts quality of life and is associated with considerable functional disability. Certain diseases, such as fibromyalgia, headache, paraplegia, neuropathy, and multiple sclerosis, manifest with chronic pain. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the number and type of tweets (original or retweet) related to chronic pain, as well as to analyze the emotions and compare the societal impact of the diseases under study. METHODS We investigated tweets posted between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, by Twitter users in English and Spanish, as well as the generated retweets. Additionally, emotions were extracted from these tweets and their diffusion was analyzed. Furthermore, the topics most frequently discussed by users were collected. RESULTS A total of 72,874 tweets were analyzed, including 44,467 in English and 28,407 in Spanish. Paraplegia represented 23.3% with 16,461 of the classified tweets, followed by headache and fibromyalgia with 15,337 (21.7%) and 15,179 (21.5%) tweets, respectively. Multiple sclerosis generated 14,781 tweets (21%), and the fewest tweets were related to neuropathy with 8,830 tweets (12.5%). The results showed that the primary emotions extracted were "fear" and "sadness." Additionally, the reach and impact of these tweets were investigated through the generated retweets, with those related to headaches showing the highest interest and interaction among users. CONCLUSION Our results underscore the potential of leveraging social media for a better understanding of patients suffering from chronic pain and its impact on society. Among the most frequently encountered topics are those related to treatment, symptoms, or causes of the disease. Therefore, it is relevant to inform the patient to prevent misconceptions regarding their illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Valades
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Ramon y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Montero-Torres
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Lara-Abelenda
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Telematics and Computing Systems, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Carabot
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, Center for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Network, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Ramon y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII, Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
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211
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Porrselvi AP, Gopalan R, C R S. Role of Tamil diglossia in the language preference for cognitive test administration. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024:1-6. [PMID: 39036989 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2380481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Porrselvi
- Neuropsychology, Unified Brain Health Care, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sneha C R
- Neuropsychology, Unified Brain Health Care, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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212
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Zhuo Y, Li WS, Lu W, Li X, Ge LT, Huang Y, Gao QT, Deng YJ, Jiang XC, Lan ZW, Deng Q, Chen YH, Xiao Y, Lu S, Jiang F, Liu Z, Hu L, Liu Y, Ding Y, He ZW, Tan DA, Duan D, Lu M. TGF-β1 mediates hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells improved neural functional recovery in Parkinson's disease models and patients. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:48. [PMID: 39034405 PMCID: PMC11265117 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Activation of the neuroinflammatory response has a pivotal role in PD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for various nerve injuries, but there are limited reports on their use in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of clinical-grade hypoxia-preconditioned olfactory mucosa (hOM)-MSCs on neural functional recovery in both PD models and patients, as well as the preventive effects on mouse models of PD. To assess improvement in neuroinflammatory response and neural functional recovery induced by hOM-MSCs exposure, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) combined with full-length transcriptome isoform-sequencing (ISO-seq), and functional assay. Furthermore, we present the findings from an initial cohort of patients enrolled in a phase I first-in-human clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSC transplantation into severe PD patients. RESULTS A functional assay identified that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), secreted from hOM-MSCs, played a critical role in modulating mitochondrial function recovery in dopaminergic neurons. This effect was achieved through improving microglia immune regulation and autophagy homeostasis in the SN, which are closely associated with neuroinflammatory responses. Mechanistically, exposure to hOM-MSCs led to an improvement in neuroinflammation and neural function recovery partially mediated by TGF-β1 via activation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (ALK/PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway in microglia located in the SN of PD patients. Furthermore, intraspinal transplantation of hOM-MSCs improved the recovery of neurologic function and regulated the neuroinflammatory response without any adverse reactions observed in patients with PD. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide compelling evidence for the involvement of TGF-β1 in mediating the beneficial effects of hOM-MSCs on neural functional recovery in PD. Treatment and prevention of hOM-MSCs could be a promising and effective neuroprotective strategy for PD. Additionally, TGF-β1 may be used alone or combined with hOM-MSCs therapy for treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Wen-Shui Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Li-Te Ge
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qing-Tao Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Yu-Jia Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Xin-Chen Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Zi-Wei Lan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Que Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Yong-Heng Chen
- First Clinical Department of Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Shuo Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Zuo Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Li Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Zheng-Wen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University/Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - De-An Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China.
| | - Da Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, 921 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force People's Liberation Army of China, (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410003, China.
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410006, China.
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Fan LP, Quijano-Ruiz A, Wang C, Zhao HW, Wang DN, Wu HM, Liu L, Zhan YH, Zhou XB. Effects of personalized music listening on post-stroke cognitive impairment: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 57:101885. [PMID: 39098085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have suggested that music listening has the potential to positively affect cognitive functions and mood in individuals with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), with a preference for self-selected music likely to yield better outcomes. However, there is insufficient clinical evidence to suggest the use of music listening in routine rehabilitation care to treat PSCI. This randomized control trial (RCT) aims to investigate the effects of personalized music listening on mood improvement, activities of daily living (ADLs), and cognitive functions in individuals with PSCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 34 patients with PSCI were randomly assigned to either the music group or the control group. Patients in the music group underwent a three-month personalized music-listening intervention. The intervention involved listening to a personalized playlist tailored to each individual's cultural, ethnic, and social background, life experiences, and personal music preferences. In contrast, the control group patients listened to white noise as a placebo. Cognitive function, neurological function, mood, and ADLs were assessed. RESULTS After three months of treatment, the music group showed significantly higher Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared to the control group (p=0.027), particularly in the domains of delayed recall (p=0.019) and orientation (p=0.023). Moreover, the music group demonstrated significantly better scores in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p=0.008), Barthel Index (BI) (p=0.019), and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) (p=0.008) compared to the control group. No effects were found on mood as measured by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD). CONCLUSION Personalized music listening promotes the recovery of cognitive and neurological functions, improves ADLs, and reduces caregiver burden in patients with PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xinglin Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361022, China
| | - Alonso Quijano-Ruiz
- College of Arts, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China; Ecuadorian Development Research Lab, Daule, Guayas, 090656, Ecuador
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhao
- College of Arts, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Dan-Ni Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China
| | - Han-Ming Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lin Liu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yi-Hong Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China; The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Xian-Bao Zhou
- College of Arts, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, China.
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Guala T, Harries T, Button K, de Andrade D, Miller P, Tonner L, Hill H, Langbein A, Curtis A. Evaluating social rehabilitation of aggression for persons with Acquired Brain Injury: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39033395 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2380475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social rehabilitation of aggression following an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is critically important for persons with ABI due to increased vulnerability of criminal behaviour related to post-injury changes in functioning. This review presents findings from studies that evaluated aggression interventions in both community and forensic populations of people with ABI. METHODS We searched PsycINFO, EMBASE, SocINDEX, CINAHL and Medline databases for studies published between 1st January 2000 and 15th October 2023. RESULTS There were 15 studies (14 community-based, one forensic) that met inclusion criteria. Pharmacological management (6) was largely ineffective and anger management interventions (6) presented with inconsistent effectiveness. Emotion regulation (1) may be effective for externalised aggression. Both mindfulness and transcranial direct current stimulation (1) were effective, and the results of a forensic peer group approach (1) were not tested for statistical significance. There was variability in the measurement of aggression, injury severity, and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Whilst community interventions for aggression in persons with ABI are prevalent, findings for effectiveness have been mixed and there is a paucity of evaluated interventions in forensic samples. Further research is needed to unravel the complex interplay of factors contributing to aggression and develop effective social rehabilitation for persons with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee Guala
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Travis Harries
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kira Button
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dominique de Andrade
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Harry Hill
- Albury Wodonga Health, Wangaratta, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Ashlee Curtis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Risi G, Ducros A, van Dokkum L, Lonjon N, Marchi N, Villain M, Costalat V, Cagnazzo F. Prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment-management of cerebral venous thrombosis associated with spontaneous intracranial hypotension: A combined case-series and systematic literature review approach. Interv Neuroradiol 2024:15910199241263139. [PMID: 39034592 DOI: 10.1177/15910199241263139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Therefore, its correct diagnosis and the corresponding optimal treatment-management identification remains challenging. METHODS Over the last 10 years, 300 patients received a definite SIH diagnosis at our stroke center. Through thorough review of the database, we identified all patients with SIH-related CVT. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review including all publications on SIH-related CVT. RESULTS Five out of our 300 SIH patients showed CVT (F/M:2/3, mean age: 51.8 ± 15.7). Through the literature search, 72 additional cases were identified. Overall, the prevalence was 1.3% and main clinical presentations were orthostatic headache, nausea, and vomiting. The CVT was predominantly located at the superior sagittal sinus. Treatment strategies included anticoagulants (ACs) (43%), epidural blood patch (EBP) (19.4%), and combined AC + EBP (33.3%). In our cohort, all but one patient received combined EBP and AC. The mean clinical and radiological follow-up were 2 years and 1.5 years, respectively. Complete clinical recovery was reported in 96% of the cases, whereas 56% showed complete radiological CVT resolution. Among patients without radiological resolution (26.4%), 57% received AC-only, while 43% received combined AC + EBP. Of our five cases, all but one patient received combined AC + EBP. CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of SIH-related CVT was 1.3%. AC and combined AC + EBP were the most used treatment-management strategies. CVT resolution was more commonly achieved after the combined strategy. Overall, the rate of complete clinical recovery was 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Risi
- Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Ducros
- Neurology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Liesjet van Dokkum
- Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lonjon
- Neurosurgery Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Max Villain
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Costalat
- Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Federico Cagnazzo
- Neuroradiology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
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216
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Kim H, Kim E, Na J, Lim S, Ban C. Effects of chain length and saturation of triacylglycerols on the characteristics and gastrointestinal digestion fates of curcumin-loaded triacylglycerol nanoparticles. Food Chem 2024; 460:140390. [PMID: 39047482 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of fatty acid length and saturation on the physicochemical, thermal, and gastrointestinal digestive characteristics of curcumin-loaded homo-triacylglycerol nanoparticles (C-NPs). All C-NPs had good colloidal stability and efficiently entrapped curcumin, regardless of their length and saturation. Tricaprylin NPs, with shorter chains, had a smaller size and emulsifier surface load. Curcumin was released faster from low-melting C-NPs (tricaprylin and triolein) than those with high-melting-point (trimyristin, tripalmitin, and tristearin); however, both were negligible without lipolysis. None of the C-NPs underwent significant aggregation, coalescence, or breakdown during digestion before the small intestine. Notably, longer and more saturated chains resulted in a slower initial rate and lower degree of lipolysis in the small intestine. However, greater bioaccessibility of curcumin was observed only with longer chains (tricaprylin, 70.72%; trimyristin, 78.05%; tripalmitin, 85.09%; tristearin, 89.65%; triolein, 89.71%). These findings could be valuable for the development of rational curcumin formulations for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjin Kim
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunghee Kim
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Na
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Lim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choongjin Ban
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Zawadka-Kunikowska M, Cieślicka M, Klawe JJ, Tafil-Klawe M, Kaźmierczak W, Rzepiński Ł. Frequency and severity of autonomic dysfunction assessed by objective hemodynamic responses and patient-reported symptoms in individuals with myasthenia gravis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1415615. [PMID: 39099636 PMCID: PMC11295281 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1415615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG), a rare autoimmune disorder, poses diagnostic and management challenges, with increasing incidence in Europe and significant impact on patient quality of life. Despite prevalent autonomic symptoms, comprehensive assessments integrating subjective and objective measures are lacking. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of autonomic dysfunction in patients with MG and healthy controls (HCs). Materials and methods We used beat-to-beat hemodynamic responses during standardized autonomic function tests (AFTs) and the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31 (COMPASS-31) questionnaire. Study participants including, 53 patients with MG and 30 age- and sex matched HCs underwent standardized cardiovascular AFTs and completed the COMPASS-31 questionnaire. Patients were categorized into Non-CAN and CAN groups based on their Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) status, as evaluated using the Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS). During the AFTs, cardiovascular parameters including heart rate, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean BP, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured. Results Twenty patients with MG (38%) exhibited mild CAN (CASS ≥2) with a median total CASS score of 1.00 and CASS 0.00 in HCs. Adrenergic impairment was observed in 27 patients (52%), with 13 patients (24.5%) exhibiting longer pressure recovery time after Valsalva maneuver (VM). Cardiovagal impairment was evident in 71% of patients, with abnormal results observed in 39.6% for the deep breathing test and 56.6% for the VM. CAN MG showed worse scores than HCs for the total COMPASS-31 (p < 0.001), orthostatic (OI) (p < 0.001), secretomotor (p = 0.004), and pupillomotor domains (p = 0.004). Total COMPASS-31 and OI scores were correlated with worse disease outcomes (disease duration, severity), hemodynamic parameter changes (SV, CO, TPR) during phase II late of VM, and with changes (Δtilt-supine) in Δsystolic BP, Δdiastolic BP, Δmean BP, ΔTPR during head-up-tilt test, but not with CASS score. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate mild cardiovascular autonomic impairment in adrenergic and cardiovagal domains in patients with MG. Additionally, patient-reported autonomic symptoms correlated with hemodynamic changes during AFTs and worse disease outcomes and not with the grade of autonomic abnormalities. Incorporating beat-to-beat hemodynamics during AFTs may offer further insights for characterizing orthostatic intolerance symptoms in MG group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zawadka-Kunikowska
- Department of Human Physiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mirosława Cieślicka
- Department of Human Physiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek J. Klawe
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kaźmierczak
- Department of Human Physiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Rzepiński
- Sanitas - Neurology Outpatient Clinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Neurology, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zawadzki R, Rogalska W, Pałdyna M, Głuszczuk D, Zajkowska J, Kubas B. Imaging modalities in neurolisteriosis: a literature review. Pol J Radiol 2024; 89:e345-e357. [PMID: 39139260 PMCID: PMC11321029 DOI: 10.5114/pjr/189214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes due to its ability to withstand harsh conditions and form biofilms on post-processed food poses a serious public health issue. It typically manifests itself with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, but it can escalate with life-threatening conditions, especially in immunocompromised patients, the elderly, oncologically sick, and even pregnant women. The diagnosis is based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture growth, but it presents significant challenges due to deceptive findings and low positivity rates, the golden standard includes molecular diagnostic tests such as real-time PCR and metagenomic next-generation sequencing, which offer higher sensitivity and rapid detection. Radiological imaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging, can play a crucial role in diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) invasion by L. monocytogenes, enabling the detection of characteristic CNS lesions. The aim of the paper was to sum up the imaging features of L. monocytogenes CNS invasions in conventional imaging techniques, which can potentially speed up the diagnostic workflow for patients presenting with neurological symptoms associated with L. monocytogenes infection, particularly when conventional tests yield inconclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Zawadzki
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Weronika Rogalska
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marianna Pałdyna
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Głuszczuk
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Zajkowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Kubas
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Ma Y, Liu L, Chen F, Zhan W, Li M, Su Y. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy infected with the SARS-CoV-2 in children: Case series and literature review of clinical outcomes with the use of Tocilizumab. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 52:67-75. [PMID: 39106789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), which has a high mortality rate and severe sequelae. This study aimed to identify ANE early and evaluate the usefulness of tocilizumab in ANE treatment. METHODS We retrospectively included eight paeefediatric ANE cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 at Xi'an Children's Hospital, China, from December 1, 2022 to May 1, 2023. A literature search was performed using the PUBMED, SPRING, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases. This study included eleven patients. Clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, imaging features, and treatment options were analysed. RESULTS Eight of the 19 cases (42 %) died, one (5 %) recovered, and nine (47 %) improved with residual neurological dysfunction. Eighteen patients presented with fever, with 56 % having ≥40 °C. Twelve patients (63 %) presented with dysfunction consciousness. Eight (42 %) patients experienced frequent convulsions. All eight patients in our hospital had elevated procalcitonin levels (mean: 21.32 ng/mL, range: 0.10-89.40 ng/mL). Alanine aminotransferase levels were elevated (mean: 632.81 U/L, range: 13.00-2251.00 U/L) in six patients. Seven patients showed elevated uric acid levels(mean: 396.50 μmol/L, range: 157.00-660.00 μmol/L). Brain imaging indicated that all the patients had symmetrical injuries to the bilateral thalami, accompanied by symmetrical injuries in the cerebrum, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and brain stem. Compared with the classical treatment (n = 9), the combination with tocilizumab (n = 6) showed a statistically difference in mortality (p = 0.028 < 0.05). CONCLUSION The typical clinical manifestations of ANE in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection are acute onset with high fever, frequent convulsions and rapidly worsening disturbance of consciousness. Tocilizumab treatment could reduces mortality in ANE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingge Ma
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), China
| | - Wenjuan Zhan
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), China.
| | - Yufei Su
- Department of Emergency, Xi'an Children's Hospital (Xi'an Jiaotong University Affiliated Children's Hospital), China.
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Samarasingha P, Karunatilake H, Jayanaga A, Jayawardhana H, Priyankara D. Dengue rhabdomyolysis successfully treated with hemoperfusion using CytoSorb® in combination with continuous renal replacement therapy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:329. [PMID: 39026342 PMCID: PMC11264817 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Expanded dengue syndrome includes unusual manifestations that do not fall into the categories of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome. Rhabdomyolysis causing acute renal failure in dengue is one such unusual manifestation, the pathophysiology of which is incompletely understood. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a 21-year-old Sri Lankan man with dengue fever who developed severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury with extremely high creatinine phosphokinase levels (> 2 million U/L). Management of this patient was challenging as his creatinine phosphokinase kept rising with persistent anuria despite hydration, intermittent hemodialysis, and, later, continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Further therapeutic options were explored, and CytoSorb® adsorber was added as an adjunct to continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration, following which we observed a marked reduction in his creatinine phosphokinase and myoglobin levels over the next 12 hours and complete renal recovery over the next 5 weeks. CONCLUSION We report a rare case of significant rhabdomyolysis secondary to dengue infection leading to acute kidney injury. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration performed with the hemofilter Pecopen 140 was ineffective, and the addition of CytoSorb® adsorber as an adjunct therapy to continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration may have a potential benefit in removing high-molecular-weight proteins such as myoglobin.
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Rahmig J, Chanpura A, Schultz A, Barone FC, Gustafson D, Baird AE. Blood-based protein biomarkers during the acute ischemic stroke treatment window: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1411307. [PMID: 39091977 PMCID: PMC11291248 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1411307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid and accurate acute ischemic stroke (AIS) diagnosis is needed to expedite emergent thrombolytic and mechanical thrombectomy treatment. Changes in blood-based protein biomarkers during the first 24 h of AIS, the time window for treatment, could complement imaging techniques and facilitate rapid diagnosis and treatment. Methods We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies comparing levels of blood-based protein biomarkers in AIS patients with levels in healthy controls and stroke mimics. Protein biomarkers from the following pathophysiological categories were included: neurovascular inflammation (MMP-9, TNF-alpha), endothelial integrity (VCAM-1, ICAM-1), cell migration (E-Selectin, P-Selectin, L-Selectin), markers of glial and neuronal origin (GFAP, S100, S100B, NSE), and cardiac dysfunction (BNP, NT-proBNP). The literature search was limited to English-language publications before November 7th, 2023. Results A total of 61 studies from 20 different countries were identified, which included in total, 4,644 AIS patients, 2,242 stroke mimics, and 2,777 controls. Studies investigating TNF-alpha, MMP-9, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-Selectin, L-Selectin, GFAP, NSE, and S100B showed pronounced methodological heterogeneity, making between-study comparisons difficult. However, in 80% of NT-proBNP and BNP studies, and all P-selectin studies, higher biomarker levels were observed in AIS patients compared to healthy controls and/or patients with stroke mimics. Conclusion None of the biomarkers included showed sufficient evidence for additional diagnostic benefit for AIS. Comprehensive standardized global multicenter studies are needed to (1) permit comparability, (2) enable valid statements about protein-based biomarkers, and (3) reflect real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rahmig
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aditya Chanpura
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Aaliyah Schultz
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Frank C. Barone
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Deborah Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Alison E. Baird
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Freitas TE, Costa AI, Neves L, Barros C, Martins M, Freitas P, Noronha D, Freitas P, Faria T, Borges S, Freitas S, Henriques E, Sousa AC. Neuron-specific enolase as a prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapies. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1408111. [PMID: 39091979 PMCID: PMC11291469 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1408111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ischemic stroke is a significant global health concern, with reperfusion therapies playing a vital role in patient management. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been suggested as a potential biomarker for assessing stroke severity and prognosis, however, the role of NSE in predicting long-term outcomes in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies is still scarce. Aim To investigate the association between serum NSE levels at admission and 48 h after reperfusion therapies, and functional outcomes at 90 days in ischemic stroke patients. Methods This study conducted a prospective cross-sectional analysis on consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous fibrinolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days post-stroke and two groups were defined according to having unfavorable (mRS3-6) or favorable (mRS0-2) outcome. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and laboratory data were collected, including NSE levels at admission and 48 h. Spearman's coefficient evaluated the correlation between analyzed variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify which variables were independently associated with unfavorable outcome. Two ROC curves determined the cut-off points for NSE at admission and 48 h, being compared by Delong test. Results Analysis of 79 patients undergoing reperfusion treatment following acute stroke revealed that patients with mRS 3-6 had higher NIHSS at admission (p < 0.0001), higher NIHSS at 24 h (p < 0.0001), and higher NSE levels at 48 h (p = 0.008) when compared to those with mRS 0-2. Optimal cut-off values for NSE0 (>14.2 ng/mL) and NSE48h (>26.3 ng/mL) were identified, showing associations with worse clinical outcomes. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that patients with NSE48h > 26.3 ng/mL had a 13.5 times higher risk of unfavorable outcome, while each unit increase in NIHSS24h score was associated with a 22% increase in unfavorable outcome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated similar predictive abilities of NSE levels at admission and 48 h (p = 0.298). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was observed between NSE48h levels and mRS at 90 days (r = 0.400 and p < 0.0001), suggesting that higher NSE levels indicate worse neurological disability post-stroke. Conclusion Serum NSE levels at 48 h post-reperfusion therapies are associated with functional outcomes in ischemic stroke patients, serving as potential tool for patient long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Isabel Costa
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Leonor Neves
- Internal Medicine Department II, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Carolina Barros
- Stroke Centre, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Mariana Martins
- Stroke Centre, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Freitas
- Stroke Centre, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Duarte Noronha
- Neurology Department, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Teresa Faria
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Dr. Nélio Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sofia Borges
- Centro de Investigação Clínica Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sónia Freitas
- Centro de Investigação Clínica Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Eva Henriques
- Centro de Investigação Clínica Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Ana Célia Sousa
- Centro de Investigação Clínica Dra. Maria Isabel Mendonça, Funchal, Portugal
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223
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Fila M, Przyslo L, Derwich M, Sobczuk P, Pawlowska E, Blasiak J. The TRPA1 Ion Channel Mediates Oxidative Stress-Related Migraine Pathogenesis. Molecules 2024; 29:3385. [PMID: 39064963 PMCID: PMC11280075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the introduction of drugs targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) revolutionized migraine treatment, still a substantial proportion of migraine patients do not respond satisfactorily to such a treatment, and new therapeutic targets are needed. Therefore, molecular studies on migraine pathogenesis are justified. Oxidative stress is implicated in migraine pathogenesis, as many migraine triggers are related to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Migraine has been proposed as a superior mechanism of the brain to face oxidative stress resulting from energetic imbalance. However, the precise mechanism behind the link between migraine and oxidative stress is not known. Nociceptive primary afferent nerve fiber endings express ion channel receptors that change harmful stimuli into electric pain signals. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel that can be activated by oxidative stress products and stimulate the release of CGRP from nerve endings. It is a transmembrane protein with ankyrin repeats and conserved cysteines in its N-terminus embedded in the cytosol. TRPA1 may be a central element of the signaling pathway from oxidative stress and NO production to CGRP release, which may play a critical role in headache induction. In this narrative review, we present information on the role of oxidative stress in migraine pathogenesis and provide arguments that TRPA1 may be "a missing link" between oxidative stress and migraine and therefore a druggable target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lukasz Przyslo
- Department of Developmental Neurology and Epileptology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland; (M.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Marcin Derwich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Piotr Sobczuk
- Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz, 92-209 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital–Research Institute, Rzgowska 281, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-217 Lodz, Poland; (M.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 09-402 Plock, Poland
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224
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González-Parejo P, Martín-Núñez J, Cabrera-Martos I, Valenza MC. Effects of Dietary Supplementation in Patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2315. [PMID: 39064758 PMCID: PMC11280425 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder. It disrupts sleep and well-being and is often associated with other conditions. This review examines the potential of dietary supplements to manage RLS symptoms and reduce reliance on medications. A total of 10 randomized clinical trials involving 482 participants were analyzed, focusing on the impact of various supplements on symptom severity, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. Findings suggest some supplements may have positive results. Magnesium oxide and vitamin B6 significantly improved sleep quality and RLS symptoms, with magnesium showing greater effectiveness. Vitamin D supplementation did not show significant benefits. Oral iron has promising results, indicating potential efficacy but issues related to compliance and absorption. Both vitamins C and E positively affect RLS symptoms, likely due to their antioxidant properties. Valerian improved RLS and sleep but did not show a statistically significant improvement. Despite these encouraging results, a high risk of bias was noted in half of the studies, emphasizing the need for more rigorous research. Overall, this review suggests that dietary supplements may be a promising approach to managing RLS. However, further investigation is required to confirm the efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Cabrera-Martos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.G.-P.); (J.M.-N.); (M.C.V.)
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Choi W, Cha S, Kim K. Navigating the CRISPR/Cas Landscape for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Wilson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1214. [PMID: 39056796 PMCID: PMC11274827 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system continues to evolve, thereby enabling more precise detection and repair of mutagenesis. The development of CRISPR/Cas-based diagnosis holds promise for high-throughput, cost-effective, and portable nucleic acid screening and genetic disease diagnosis. In addition, advancements in transportation strategies such as adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral vectors, nanoparticles, and virus-like vectors (VLPs) offer synergistic insights for gene therapeutics in vivo. Wilson's disease (WD), a copper metabolism disorder, is primarily caused by mutations in the ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B) gene. The condition is associated with the accumulation of copper in the body, leading to irreversible damage to various organs, including the liver, nervous system, kidneys, and eyes. However, the heterogeneous nature and individualized presentation of physical and neurological symptoms in WD patients pose significant challenges to accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, patients must consume copper-chelating medication throughout their lifetime. Herein, we provide a detailed description of WD and review the application of novel CRISPR-based strategies for its diagnosis and treatment, along with the challenges that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Choi
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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226
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Wertman E. Essential New Complexity-Based Themes for Patient-Centered Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia and Predementia in Older People: Multimorbidity and Multilevel Phenomenology. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4202. [PMID: 39064242 PMCID: PMC11277671 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a highly prevalent condition with devastating clinical and socioeconomic sequela. It is expected to triple in prevalence by 2050. No treatment is currently known to be effective. Symptomatic late-onset dementia and predementia (SLODP) affects 95% of patients with the syndrome. In contrast to trials of pharmacological prevention, no treatment is suggested to remediate or cure these symptomatic patients. SLODP but not young onset dementia is intensely associated with multimorbidity (MUM), including brain-perturbating conditions (BPCs). Recent studies showed that MUM/BPCs have a major role in the pathogenesis of SLODP. Fortunately, most MUM/BPCs are medically treatable, and thus, their treatment may modify and improve SLODP, relieving suffering and reducing its clinical and socioeconomic threats. Regrettably, the complex system features of SLODP impede the diagnosis and treatment of the potentially remediable conditions (PRCs) associated with them, mainly due to failure of pattern recognition and a flawed diagnostic workup. We suggest incorporating two SLODP-specific conceptual themes into the diagnostic workup: MUM/BPC and multilevel phenomenological themes. By doing so, we were able to improve the diagnostic accuracy of SLODP components and optimize detecting and favorably treating PRCs. These revolutionary concepts and their implications for remediability and other parameters are discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Wertman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel;
- Section of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190500, Israel
- Or’ad: Organization for Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in the Elderly, Jerusalem 9458118, Israel
- Merhav Neuropsychogeriatric Clinics, Nehalim 4995000, Israel
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227
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Rodina N, Hornung S, Sarkar R, Suladze S, Peters C, Schmid PWN, Niu Z, Haslbeck M, Buchner J, Kapurniotu A, Reif B. Modulation of Alzheimer's Disease Aβ40 Fibril Polymorphism by the Small Heat Shock Protein αB-Crystallin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19077-19087. [PMID: 38973199 PMCID: PMC11258688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is a hallmark of the disease. AD plaques consist primarily of the beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptide but can contain other factors such as lipids, proteoglycans, and chaperones. So far, it is unclear how the cellular environment modulates fibril polymorphism and how differences in fibril structure affect cell viability. The small heat-shock protein (sHSP) alpha-B-Crystallin (αBC) is abundant in brains of AD patients, and colocalizes with Aβ amyloid plaques. Using solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we show that the Aβ40 fibril seed structure is not replicated in the presence of the sHSP. αBC prevents the generation of a compact fibril structure and leads to the formation of a new polymorph with a dynamic N-terminus. We find that the N-terminal fuzzy coat and the stability of the C-terminal residues in the Aβ40 fibril core affect the chemical and thermodynamic stability of the fibrils and influence their seeding capacity. We believe that our results yield a better understanding of how sHSP, such as αBC, that are part of the cellular environment, can affect fibril structures related to cell degeneration in amyloid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rodina
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Simon Hornung
- Division
of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Saba Suladze
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Carsten Peters
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Philipp W. N. Schmid
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Zheng Niu
- School
of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Aphrodite Kapurniotu
- Division
of Peptide Biochemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Bayerisches
NMR Zentrum (BNMRZ) at the Department of Biosciences,
School of Natural SciencesCenter for Functional Protein Assemblies
(CPA), Department of Biosciences, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit
und Umwelt, Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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Singh K, Kaur A, Goyal B, Goyal D. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Peptides for Synergistic Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Targeting Aβ Aggregation, Metal-Mediated Aβ Aggregation, Cholinesterase, Tau Degradation, and Oxidative Stress. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2545-2564. [PMID: 38979773 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive multifaceted neurodegenerative disease and remains a formidable global health challenge. The current medication for AD gives symptomatic relief and, thus, urges us to look for alternative disease-modifying therapies based on a multitarget directed approach. Looking at the remarkable progress made in peptide drug development in the last decade and the benefits associated with peptides, they offer valuable chemotypes [multitarget directed ligands (MTDLs)] as AD therapeutics. This review recapitulates the current developments made in harnessing peptides as MTDLs in combating AD by targeting multiple key pathways involved in the disease's progression. The peptides hold immense potential and represent a convincing avenue in the pursuit of novel AD therapeutics. While hurdles remain, ongoing research offers hope that peptides may eventually provide a multifaceted approach to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljot Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406 Punjab, India
| | - Anupamjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406 Punjab, India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, 147004 Punjab, India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh 160011, India
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229
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Arendt CT, Uckermark C, Kovacheva L, Lieschke F, Golbach R, Edwin Thanarajah S, Hattingen E, Weidauer S. Wernicke Encephalopathy: Typical and Atypical Findings in Alcoholics and Non-Alcoholics and Correlation with Clinical Symptoms. Clin Neuroradiol 2024:10.1007/s00062-024-01434-y. [PMID: 39014226 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-024-01434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) can be challenging due to incomplete presentation of the classical triad. The aim was to provide an update on the relevance of standard MRI and to put typical and atypical imaging findings into context with clinical features. METHODS In this two-center retrospective observational study, the local radiology information system was searched for consecutive patients with clinical or imaging suspicion of WE. Two independent raters evaluated T2-weighted imaging (WI), fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion WI (DWI), T2*WI and/or susceptibility WI (SWI), and contrast-enhanced (CE)-T1WI, and noted the involvement of typical (i.e., mammillary bodies (MB), periaqueductal grey (PAG), thalamus, hypothalamus, tectal plate) and atypical (all others) lesion sites. Unusual signal patterns like hemorrhages were also documented. Reported clinical features together with the diagnostic criteria of the latest guidelines of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) were used to test for relationships with MRI biomarkers. RESULTS 47 patients with clinically confirmed WE were included (Jan '99-Apr '23; mean age, 53 yrs; 70% males). Interrater reliability for imaging findings was substantial (κ = 0.71), with lowest agreements for T2WI (κ = 0.85) compared to all other sequences and for PAG (κ = 0.65) compared to all other typical regions. In consensus, 77% (n = 36/47) of WE cases were rated MRI positive, with FLAIR (n = 36/47, 77%) showing the strongest relation (χ2 = 47.0; P < 0.001) compared to all other sequences. Microbleeds in the MB were detected in four out of ten patients who received SWI, not visible on corresponding T2*WI. Atypical findings were observed in 23% (n = 11/47) of cases, always alongside typical findings, in both alcoholics (n = 9/44, 21%) and non-alcoholics (n = 2/3, 67%). Isolated involvement of structures, explicitly PAG (n = 4/36; 11%) or MB (n = 1/36; 3%), was present but observed less frequently than combined lesions (n = 31/36; 86%). A cut-off width of 2.5 mm for the PAG on 2D axial FLAIR was established between cases and age- and sex-matched controls. An independent association was demonstrated only between short-term memory loss and changes in the MB (OR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.1-4.5]; P = 0.024). In retrospect, EFNS criteria were positive (≥ 2 out of 4) in every case, but its count (range, 2-4) showed no significant (P = 0.427) relationship with signal changes on standard MRI. CONCLUSION The proposed sequence protocol (FLAIR, DWI, SWI and T1WI + CE) yielded good detection rates for neuroradiological findings in WE, with SWI showing microbleeds in the MB with superior detectability. However, false negative results in about a quarter of cases underline the importance of neurological alertness for the diagnosis. Awareness of atypical MRI findings should be raised, not only in non-alcoholics. There is limited correlation between clinical signs and standard MRI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Arendt
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - C Uckermark
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - L Kovacheva
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - F Lieschke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Golbach
- Institute of Biostatistics and Mathematical Modeling, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Edwin Thanarajah
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S Weidauer
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Moores G, Liu K, Pikula A, Bui E. Fertility treatment for people with epilepsy. Pract Neurol 2024; 24:296-301. [PMID: 38408862 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2023-003922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Fertility treatment, including assisted reproductive technology (ART), is increasingly used. Sex hormones influence seizure control as well as interacting with antiseizure medications, and so the hormonal manipulation involved in fertility treatments has direct implications for people with epilepsy. Here, we summarise the various fertility treatments and consider their important influences on epilepsy care. While early observations raised concerns about seizure exacerbation associated with ART, there are limited data to guide best practice in people with epilepsy, and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginette Moores
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberly Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Pikula
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Bui
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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231
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Yang Z, Feng R, Zhao H. Cuproptosis and Cu: a new paradigm in cellular death and their role in non-cancerous diseases. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01993-y. [PMID: 39014119 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cuproptosis, a newly characterized form of regulated cell death driven by copper accumulation, has emerged as a significant mechanism underlying various non-cancerous diseases. This review delves into the complex interplay between copper metabolism and the pathogenesis of conditions such as Wilson's disease (WD), neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular pathologies. We examine the molecular mechanisms by which copper dysregulation induces cuproptosis, highlighting the pivotal roles of key copper transporters and enzymes. Additionally, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of copper chelation strategies, which have shown promise in experimental models by mitigating copper-induced cellular damage and restoring physiological homeostasis. Through a comprehensive synthesis of recent advancements and current knowledge, this review underscores the necessity of further research to translate these findings into clinical applications. The ultimate goal is to harness the therapeutic potential of targeting cuproptosis, thereby improving disease management and patient outcomes in non-cancerous conditions associated with copper dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, 723000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ridong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (FAHZU), 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 330100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266005, Shandong, China.
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232
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Eichert N, DeKraker J, Howard AFD, Huszar IN, Zhu S, Sallet J, Miller KL, Mars RB, Jbabdi S, Bernhardt BC. Hippocampal connectivity patterns echo macroscale cortical evolution in the primate brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5963. [PMID: 39013855 PMCID: PMC11252401 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
While the hippocampus is key for human cognitive abilities, it is also a phylogenetically old cortex and paradoxically considered evolutionarily preserved. Here, we introduce a comparative framework to quantify preservation and reconfiguration of hippocampal organisation in primate evolution, by analysing the hippocampus as an unfolded cortical surface that is geometrically matched across species. Our findings revealed an overall conservation of hippocampal macro- and micro-structure, which shows anterior-posterior and, perpendicularly, subfield-related organisational axes in both humans and macaques. However, while functional organisation in both species followed an anterior-posterior axis, we observed a marked reconfiguration in the latter across species, which mirrors a rudimentary integration of the default-mode-network in non-human primates. Here we show that microstructurally preserved regions like the hippocampus may still undergo functional reconfiguration in primate evolution, due to their embedding within heteromodal association networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Eichert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jordan DeKraker
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Amy F D Howard
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Istvan N Huszar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silei Zhu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jérôme Sallet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- INSERM U1208 Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Univ Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rogier B Mars
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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233
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Sajjad Q, Khan AU, Khan A. Pharmacological investigation of genistein for its therapeutic potential against nitroglycerin-induced migraine headache. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae084. [PMID: 39010707 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migraine, typically occurs on one side of the head, lasts for hours to days. Trigemino-vascular system (TVS) plays a vital role in pain generation, with neurogenic inflammation and oxidative stress playing key roles in its pathophysiology. METHODS This study aimed to investigate genistein's potential as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent in mitigating migraine pain. Genistein (20 and 50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) to nitroglycerin (NTG; 10 mg/kg)-induced migraine model in rats. Behavioral analysis, antioxidant assay, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histopathological examination, ELISA, and RT-PCR were conducted to evaluate the antimigraine potential of genistein. KEY FINDINGS In-silico analysis showed genestien's ACE values of -4.8 to -9.2 Kcal/mol against selected protein targets. Genistein significantly reversed mechanical and thermal nociception, light phobicity, and head scratching; increased the intensities of GST, GSH, catalase; and down regulated lipid peroxidase (LPO) in cortex and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). It also reduced Nrf2, NF-kB, and IL6 expression, analyzed through IHC, improved histopathological features, and increased COX-2 and decreased PPAR-γ expressions, while RT-PCR analysis revealed increased PPAR-γ expressions in genistein-treated rats. CONCLUSION Genistein exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in migraine treatment, acting through multifactorial mechanisms by modulating the expression of numerous proteins in the region cortex and TNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirrat Sajjad
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif-Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Moreno KMF, de Andrade VA, de Melo Iani FC, Fonseca V, Lima MT, de Castro Barbosa E, Tomé LMR, Guimarães NR, Fritsch HM, Adelino T, Oliveira Fereguetti T, Aspahan MC, Gamarano Barros T, Alcantara LCJ, Giovanetti M. Exploring Microorganisms Associated to Acute Febrile Illness and Severe Neurological Disorders of Unknown Origin: A Nanopore Metagenomics Approach. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:922. [PMID: 39062701 PMCID: PMC11276239 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute febrile illness (AFI) and severe neurological disorders (SNDs) often present diagnostic challenges due to their potential origins from a wide range of infectious agents. Nanopore metagenomics is emerging as a powerful tool for identifying the microorganisms potentially responsible for these undiagnosed clinical cases. In this study, we aim to shed light on the etiological agents underlying AFI and SND cases that conventional diagnostic methods have not been able to fully elucidate. Our approach involved analyzing samples from fourteen hospitalized patients using a comprehensive nanopore metagenomic approach. This process included RNA extraction and enrichment using the SMART-9N protocol, followed by nanopore sequencing. Subsequent steps involved quality control, host DNA/cDNA removal, de novo genome assembly, and taxonomic classification. Our findings in AFI cases revealed a spectrum of disease-associated microbes, including Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (Subtype B), and Human Pegivirus. Similarly, SND cases revealed the presence of pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp., and Dengue virus type 2 (Genotype-II lineage). This study employed a metagenomic analysis method, demonstrating its efficiency and adaptability in pathogen identification. Our investigation successfully identified pathogens likely associated with AFI and SNDs, underscoring the feasibility of retrieving near-complete genomes from RNA viruses. These findings offer promising prospects for advancing our understanding and control of infectious diseases, by facilitating detailed genomic analysis which is critical for developing targeted interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keldenn Melo Farias Moreno
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (K.M.F.M.); (M.T.L.); (H.M.F.)
| | | | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, Brazil; (F.C.d.M.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Vagner Fonseca
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Salvador 41150-000, Brazil;
| | - Maurício Teixeira Lima
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (K.M.F.M.); (M.T.L.); (H.M.F.)
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (E.d.C.B.); (L.M.R.T.); (N.R.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Emerson de Castro Barbosa
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (E.d.C.B.); (L.M.R.T.); (N.R.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro Tomé
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (E.d.C.B.); (L.M.R.T.); (N.R.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Natália Rocha Guimarães
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (E.d.C.B.); (L.M.R.T.); (N.R.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Hegger Machado Fritsch
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (K.M.F.M.); (M.T.L.); (H.M.F.)
- Morphogenesis and Antigenicity of HIV and Hepatitis Viruses, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Talita Adelino
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, Brazil; (F.C.d.M.I.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Maíra Cardoso Aspahan
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil; (V.A.d.A.); (T.O.F.); (M.C.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Tereza Gamarano Barros
- Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte 30622-020, Brazil; (V.A.d.A.); (T.O.F.); (M.C.A.); (T.G.B.)
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (E.d.C.B.); (L.M.R.T.); (N.R.G.); (L.C.J.A.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Bispo DPCF, Lins CCSA, Hawkes KL, Tripp S, Khoo TK. The Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:94. [PMID: 39051258 PMCID: PMC11270410 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity can have positive effects on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, but its benefits in terms of quality of life and function are uncertain and vary based on the specific forms of activities and interventions. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the current evidence on the positive effects of physical activity in people with Parkinson's disease and more specifically in relation to its potential benefits for quality of life. METHODS This systematic review was conducted between January and April 2024 via the PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. Predetermined search criteria were used that included the following terms: "Parkinson's disease", "quality of life" and "physical activity". RESULTS A total of 1669 articles were identified. After utilizing predetermined criteria, a total of fifteen articles met the selection criteria. Statistically significant improvements in quality of life were found in seven studies. Seven studies demonstrated a significant improvement in non-motor symptoms, while nine studies showed an improvement in motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Despite heterogeneity in the study designs, interventions and clinical assessments, the articles identified in this review yielded mostly positive results in relation to physical activities. The findings reflect an improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms may translate to a better quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharah P. C. F. Bispo
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Gerontology Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Carla C. S. A. Lins
- Gerontology Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Anatomy Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Kelly L. Hawkes
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
| | - Shae Tripp
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
| | - Tien K. Khoo
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Czernych R, Kozera G, Badyda AJ, Bieniaszewski L, Zagożdżon P. Air Pollution Increases Risk of Occurrence of Intracerebral Haemorrhage but Not of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Time-Series Cross-Sectional Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1562. [PMID: 39062135 PMCID: PMC11274972 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Haemorrhagic strokes (HS), including intracerebral (ICH) and subarachnoid haemorrhages (SAH), account for approximately 10-15% of strokes worldwide but are associated with worse functional outcomes and higher rates of mortality, and financial burden than ischemic stroke. There is evidence that confirmed poor air quality may increase the incidence of haemorrhagic strokes. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association between individual ambient air pollutants and the risk of haemorrhagic stroke in an urban environment without high levels of air pollution. (2) Methods: A time-series cross-sectional study design was used. A daily air pollution concentration (Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdansk Metropolitan Area) and incidence of haemorrhagic strokes (National Health Fund) were obtained and covered the time period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. A generalised additive model with Poisson regression was used to estimate the associations between 24-h mean concentrations of SO2, NO, NO2, NOx, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and O3 and a daily number of haemorrhagic strokes. (3) Results: The single-day lag model results showed that NO2, NO and NOx exposure was associated with increased risk of ICH (88% events) with RR of 1.059 (95% CI: 1.015-1.105 for lag0), 1.033 (95% CI: 1.007-1.060 for lag0) and 1.031 (95% CI: 1.005-1.056 for lag0), but not for SAH (12% events). Exposure to CO was related to a substantial and statistically significant increase in incidence for 1.031 (95% CI: 1.002-1.061 for lag0) but not for SAH. Higher SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3 exposures were not significantly related to both ISC and SAH. (4) Conclusions: In this time-series cross-sectional study, we found strong evidence that supports the hypothesis that transient elevations in ambient NO2, NO and CO are associated with a higher relative risk of intracerebral but not subarachnoid haemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Czernych
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Kozera
- Centre of Medical Simulations, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Artur Jerzy Badyda
- Department of Informatics and Environment Quality Research, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro- and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 01-604 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Leszek Bieniaszewski
- Centre of Medical Simulations, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdańsk, Poland; (G.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Paweł Zagożdżon
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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237
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Sultana OF, Bandaru M, Islam MA, Reddy PH. Unraveling the complexity of human brain: Structure, function in healthy and disease states. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102414. [PMID: 39002647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The human brain stands as an intricate organ, embodying a nexus of structure, function, development, and diversity. This review delves into the multifaceted landscape of the brain, spanning its anatomical intricacies, diverse functional capacities, dynamic developmental trajectories, and inherent variability across individuals. The dynamic process of brain development, from early embryonic stages to adulthood, highlights the nuanced changes that occur throughout the lifespan. The brain, a remarkably complex organ, is composed of various anatomical regions, each contributing uniquely to its overall functionality. Through an exploration of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and electrophysiology, this review elucidates how different brain structures interact to support a wide array of cognitive processes, sensory perception, motor control, and emotional regulation. Moreover, it addresses the impact of age, sex, and ethnic background on brain structure and function, and gender differences profoundly influence the onset, progression, and manifestation of brain disorders shaped by genetic, hormonal, environmental, and social factors. Delving into the complexities of the human brain, it investigates how variations in anatomical configuration correspond to diverse functional capacities across individuals. Furthermore, it examines the impact of neurodegenerative diseases on the structural and functional integrity of the brain. Specifically, our article explores the pathological processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, shedding light on the structural alterations and functional impairments that accompany these conditions. We will also explore the current research trends in neurodegenerative diseases and identify the existing gaps in the literature. Overall, this article deepens our understanding of the fundamental principles governing brain structure and function and paves the way for a deeper understanding of individual differences and tailored approaches in neuroscience and clinical practice-additionally, a comprehensive understanding of structural and functional changes that manifest in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Madhuri Bandaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA 5. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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238
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She QY, Zhu HL, Liu ZR, Huang WN. Membranous aplasia cutis congenita: A rare case report highlighting clinical presentation, genetic insights, and the need for comprehensive evaluation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33742. [PMID: 39027568 PMCID: PMC11255487 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Membranous aplasia cutis congenita (MACC) is the most common clinical subtype of aplasia cutis congenita (ACC). It is typified by a localized skin lesion devoid of hair and features a membranous surface. While most MACC individuals do not present with concurrent abnormalities, it can sometimes co-occur with additional physical anomalies and various malformation syndromes. Moreover, the underlying causes of MACC remain elusive. Case presentation We describe a case of a 6-month-old female infant diagnosed with MACC. The patient presented with a midline skin lesion on the occipital scalp, characterized by a glistening surface and a hair collar sign. Dermoscopic examination revealed specific features, including translucency, telangiectasia, and hypertrichosis. The infant had a history of patent foramen ovale, and further examination uncovered an asymptomatic ventricular septal defect. Whole exome sequencing revealed 20 gene variants relevant to the clinical phenotype of the patient, suggesting a possible association with MACC. Conclusion MACC is a rare and underreported condition, primarily diagnosed based on its distinctive clinical features. It is imperative to emphasize the significance of thorough evaluations in MACC patients, encompassing developmental, cardiac, neurological, and genetic assessments to facilitate early detection and the exclusion of potentially life-threatening comorbidities. Importantly, genetic characterization, as demonstrated in this case, contributes to our understanding of MACC's etiology and highlights the need for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yun She
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui-ling Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong-Rong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei-Ning Huang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Chen AT, Child CE, Grace Asirot M, Domoto-Reilly K, Turner AM. A visual approach to facilitating conversations about supportive care options in the context of cognitive impairment. J Biomed Inform 2024; 157:104691. [PMID: 39019302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2024.104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with cognitive impairment may experience difficulties with language and cognition that interfere with their ability to communicate about health-related decision making. OBJECTIVE We developed a visual elicitation technique to facilitate conversations about preferences concerning potential future supportive care needs and explored the utility of this technique in a qualitative interview study. METHODS We conducted 15 online interviews with persons with mild cognitive impairment and mild to moderate dementia, using storytelling and a virtual tool designed to facilitate discussion about preferences for supportive care. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive qualitative data analysis method. We report our findings with respect to several main themes. First, we considered participants' perspectives on supportive care. Next, we examined the utility of the tool for engaging participants in conversation through two themes: cognitive and communicative processes exhibited by participants; and dialogic interactions between the interviewer and the participant. RESULTS With respect to participants' perspectives on supportive care, common themes included considerations relating to informal caregivers such as availability and burden, and the quality of care options such as paid caregivers. Other themes, such as the importance of making decisions as a family, considerations related to facing these challenges on one's own, and the fluid nature of decision making, also emerged. Common communicative processes included not being responsive to the question and unclear responses. Common cognitive processes included uncertainty and introspection, or self-awareness, of one's cognitive abilities. Last, we examined dialogic interactions between the participant and the interviewer to better understand engagement with the tool. The interviewer was active in using the visualization tool to facilitate the conversation, and participants engaged with the interface to varying degrees. Some participants expressed greater agency and involvement through suggesting images, elaborating on their or the interviewer's comments, and suggesting icon labels. CONCLUSION This article presents a visual method to engage older adults with cognitive impairment in active dialogue about complex decisions. Though designed for a research setting, the diverse communication and participant-interviewer interaction patterns observed in this study suggest that the tool might be adapted for use in clinical or community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie T Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 358047, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Claire E Child
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, UW Health Sciences Building, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Mary Grace Asirot
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 359775, 325 9(th) Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Kimiko Domoto-Reilly
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 359791, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Anne M Turner
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 358047, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Hans Rosling Center, 4(th) Floor, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, Box 351621, University of Washington, United States.
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Zhang A, Wei P, Ding L, Zhang H, Jiang Z, Mi L, Yu F, Tang M. Associations of serum lead, cadmium, and mercury concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116556. [PMID: 38852466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates an association between exposure to toxic metals and the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, the impact of exposure to harmful metallic elements, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), on mortality in individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remains uncertain. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed data from 4139 adults diagnosed with CMM from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016. CMM was defined as the presence of at least two CMDs (hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and coronary artery disease). Over an average follow-up period of 9.0 years, 1379 deaths from all causes, 515 deaths related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 215 deaths attributable to cancer were recorded. After adjusting for potential covariates, serum Pb concentrations were not associated with all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. Participants exposed to Cd had an elevated risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23; 95 % CI, 1.16-1.30), CVD-related mortality (HR, 1.23; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.35), and cancer-related mortality (HR, 1.29; 95 % CI, 1.13-1.47). Participants with serum Hg levels in the highest quantile had lower risks of all-cause (HR, 0.64; 95 % CI, 0.52-0.80) and CVD-related (HR, 0.62; 95 % CI, 0.44-0.88) mortality than did those in the lowest quantile. Stratified analyses revealed significant interactions between serum Cd concentrations and age for CVD-related mortality (P for interaction =0.011), indicating that CMM participants aged < 60 years who were exposed to Cd were at a greater risk of CVD-related mortality. A nonlinear relationship was observed between serum Cd concentrations and all-cause (P for nonlinear relationship = 0.012) and CVD-related (P for nonlinear relationship < 0.001) mortality. Minimizing Cd exposure in patients with CMM may help prevent premature death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peijian Wei
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongda Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Mi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Han Y, Jing Y, Li X, Zhou H, Deng F. Clinical characteristics of post-stroke basal ganglia aphasia and the study of language-related white matter tracts based on diffusion spectrum imaging. Neuroimage 2024; 295:120664. [PMID: 38825217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke often damages the basal ganglia, leading to atypical and transient aphasia, indicating that post-stroke basal ganglia aphasia (PSBGA) may be related to different anatomical structural damage and functional remodeling rehabilitation mechanisms. The basal ganglia contain dense white matter tracts (WMTs). Hence, damage to the functional tract may be an essential anatomical structural basis for the development of PSBGA. METHODS We first analyzed the clinical characteristics of PSBGA in 28 patients and 15 healthy controls (HCs) using the Western Aphasia Battery and neuropsychological test batteries. Moreover, we investigated white matter injury during the acute stage using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans for differential tractography. Finally, we used multiple regression models in correlation tractography to analyze the relationship between various language functions and quantitative anisotropy (QA) of WMTs. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with PSBGA showed lower scores for fluency, comprehension (auditory word recognition and sequential commands), naming (object naming and word fluency), reading comprehension of sentences, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, along with increased scores in Hamilton Anxiety Scale-17 and Hamilton Depression Scale-17 within 7 days after stroke onset (P < 0.05). Differential tractography revealed that patients with PSBGA had damaged fibers, including in the body fibers of the corpus callosum, left cingulum bundles, left parietal aslant tracts, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus II, bilateral thalamic radiation tracts, left fornix, corpus callosum tapetum, and forceps major, compared with HCs (FDR < 0.02). Correlation tractography highlighted that better comprehension was correlated with a higher QA of the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), corpus callosum forceps minor, and left extreme capsule (FDR < 0.0083). Naming was positively associated with the QA of the left IFOF, forceps minor, left arcuate fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) (FDR < 0.0083). Word fluency of naming was also positively associated with the QA of the forceps minor, left IFOF, and thalamic radiation tracts (FDR < 0.0083). Furthermore, reading was positively correlated with the QA of the forceps minor, left IFOF, and UF (FDR < 0.0083). CONCLUSION PSBGA is primarily characterized by significantly impaired word fluency of naming and preserved repetition abilities, as well as emotional and cognitive dysfunction. Damaged limbic pathways, dorsally located tracts in the left hemisphere, and left basal ganglia pathways are involved in PSBGA pathogenesis. The results of connectometry analysis further refine the current functional localization model of higher-order neural networks associated with language functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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Chon HK, Kim KH, Song TJ, Ahn DW, Lee ES, Lee YN, Lee YS, Jeon TJ, Park CH, Cho KB, Lee DW, Park JS, Yoon SB, Chung KH, Lee J, Choi M. Quality Indicators of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Korea. Gut Liver 2024; 18:564-577. [PMID: 38462478 PMCID: PMC11249929 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure that requires significant experiences and skills and has various procedure-related complications, some of which can be severe and even result in the death of patients. Expanding ERCP availability has the advantage of increasing accessibility for patients. However, ERCP poses a substantial risk if performed without proper quality management. ERCP quality management is essential for both ensuring safe and successful procedures and meeting the social demands for enhanced healthcare competitiveness and quality assurance. To address these concerns, the Korean Pancreatobiliary Association established a task force to develop ERCP quality indicators (QIs) tailored to the Korean medical environment. Key questions for five pre-procedure, three intra-procedure, and four post-procedure measures were formulated based on a literature search related to ERCP QIs and a comprehensive clinical review conducted by experts. The statements and recommendations regarding each QI item were selected through peer review. The developed ERCP QIs were reviewed by external experts based on the latest available evidence at the time of development. These domestically tailored ERCP QIs are expected to contribute considerably to improving ERCP quality in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Ku Chon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Iksan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Won Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eaum Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yun Nah Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae Joo Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kwang Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung Bae Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Miyoung Choi
- National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
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Comer A, Roeder H, Jones A, Jawed A, Kramer N. The impact of sex and gender on burden for caregivers of stroke patients: A narrative review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107854. [PMID: 39004239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When a patient is disabled after stroke, they require both emotional support and medical management and may require the assistance of a caregiver. Given the often-sudden onset of disability and the complex challenges related to caring for someone after stroke, caregivers can experience a heavy burden. Caregiver burden negatively affects quality of care, quality of life, and physical and psychological health. The impact of gender on caregiver burden has been in many other conditions; however, the association has not yet been thoroughly assessed in stroke. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to define caregiver burden, discuss how it is assessed, discuss unique aspects of burden for stroke caregivers, and determine the impact of sex and gender on stroke caregiver role and burden. METHODS A narrative review was performed to synthesize the available literature and explore how the role of sex and gender impact caregiving for patients who have suffered stroke and whether sex and gender of the caregiver contribute to caregiver burden r. RESULTS Review of the available literature suggests that sex and gender significantly impact caregiving burden following stroke dipropionately affecting women. CONCLUSIONS Caregiving for patients who have suffered stroke is often provided by women both inside the home and when patients are within institutions. Women who serve as caregivers to stroke patients may be at higher risk of experiencing burden and its negative effects, including emotional strain, anxiety, and/or depression. More research is needed to determine the best ways to provide support for women who act as caregivers for stroke patients to mitigate caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Comer
- Indiana University, American Medical Association, United States; American Medical Association, United States.
| | | | - Anne Jones
- Indiana University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Areeba Jawed
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, United States
| | - Neha Kramer
- Rush University School of Medicine, United States
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Abdalla BA, Kakamad FH, Namiq HS, Asaad SK, Abdullah AS, Mustafa AM, Ghafour AK, Kareem HO, Ahmed SQM, Mohammed BA, Hasan KM, Mohammed SH. Pediatric thoracic outlet syndrome: a systematic review with metadata. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:186. [PMID: 39003407 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) typically considered a condition of the adult population; it is often disregarded in children and adolescents due to its limited recognition within the pediatrics. The current study aims to systematically review and provide insights into TOS among pediatric patients. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were thoroughly searched for English language studies published until March 15th, 2024. The study included those articles focusing on pediatric or adolescent individuals diagnosed with TOS. Data collected from studies encompassed date of publication, number of participants or reported cases, age (years), gender of participants, type of TOS, affected side, type of treatment, surgical approach, bony abnormality, duration of symptoms (months), outcome, and follow-up time duration (months). RESULTS The current study comprised 33 articles, 21 of which were case reports, 10 of which were case series, and the remaining were cohort studies. In this study, 356 patients were included. Females constituted 234 (65.73%) of the patient population. Among TOS types, neurogenic TOS was found among 201 (56.5%) patients. Sporting-related activity or physical activity was present in 193 (54%) patients, followed by a history of trauma in 27 (7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients exhibited a higher percentage of vascular TOS than their adult counterparts, with the supraclavicular approach emerging as the preferred treatment method. Sports-related activities were identified as the primary risk factor associated with pediatric TOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berun A Abdalla
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East Office), Hamdi Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Fahmi H Kakamad
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.
- Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East Office), Hamdi Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.
- Doctors City, Building 11, Apartment 50, Sulaimani, 46001, Iraq.
| | - Hiwa Shafiq Namiq
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Saywan Kakarash Asaad
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Aland S Abdullah
- College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Ayman M Mustafa
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Abdullah K Ghafour
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Shahid Peshraw Hospital, Chamchamal, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Honar O Kareem
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Samen Qadir Mohammed Ahmed
- Xzmat Polyclinic, Rizgari, Kalar, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Bilal A Mohammed
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Karzan M Hasan
- Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
| | - Shvan H Mohammed
- Kscien Organization for Scientific Research (Middle East Office), Hamdi Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
- Xzmat Polyclinic, Rizgari, Kalar, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq
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245
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Mudge S, Smith G, Parry GJ. A personalised activity programme helps reduce fatigue in people after Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a replicated single system design. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39001796 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2374486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the effectiveness of an online activity-focussed programme to decrease fatigue in people with prior Guillain-Barré Syndrome and explored the perspectives of participants regarding the acceptability and feasibility of the programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited eight people diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome more than two years previously who still had fatigue limiting daily activity. We used mixed methods with a replicated single system design using repeated outcome measures across the three phases (baseline, intervention, follow-up) to evaluate the impact of the intervention on fatigue, activity, wellbeing and confidence to exercise. We used qualitative interviews to explore participants' perspectives of the programme. RESULTS All participants developed a personalized plan to manage fatigue using goals and feedback, which was effective in reducing fatigue for most participants. Participants were positive about what they had learnt about fatigue, themselves and strategies to manage fatigue. Some participants also experienced improvements in activity, exercise confidence and health and wellbeing. Not all changes were sustained past the follow-up period, which reflects participants' differing levels of confidence to continue with their plan. CONCLUSION Graduated physical activity in association with developing a personalised plan were key features effective in managing fatigue after Guillain-Barré Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie Mudge
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greta Smith
- Centre for Person Centred Research, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gareth J Parry
- Department of Neurology, University of MN, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Yang C, Zhao W, Chen H, Yao Y, Zhang J. Cardiac adverse events associated with lacosamide: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16202. [PMID: 39003359 PMCID: PMC11246456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lacosamide was the first approved third-generation antiepileptic drug. However, real-world data regarding its adverse cardiac reactions in large samples still need to be completed. We evaluated the cardiac safety profile of lacosamide using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We performed disproportionality analysis computing reporting odds ratio (ROR) as a quantitative metric to assess the signal of lacosamide-related cardiac adverse events (AEs) from 2013 Q1 to 2022 Q4. The signal was considered significant when the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the ROR exceeded 1, and ≥ 5 AEs were reported. Serious and nonserious cases were compared by statistical analysis, and signals were further prioritized using a rating scale. A total of 812 cardiac AEs associated with lacosamide were identified, and 92 signals were detected, of which 17 AEs were significantly associated signals. The median time-to-onset (TTO) for moderate priority signals was 10 days, whereas for weak priority signals, it was 54 days. Notably, all cardiac AEs exhibited an early failing pattern, indicating the risk gradually decreasing. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the FAERS database and prioritization of cardiac AE signals, our research enhances the awareness among healthcare professionals regarding cardiac AEs associated with lacosamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476000, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhao
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, England
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476000, China
| | - Yinhui Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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247
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Vucevic D, Malis V, Bae WC, Ota H, Oshio K, McDonald MA, Miyazaki M. Visualization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow and Egress along the Nerve Roots of the Lumbar Spine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:708. [PMID: 39061790 PMCID: PMC11273714 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics in the brain have been extensively studied, particularly the egress sites of tagged intrinsic CSF in the meninges. Although spinal CSF recirculates within the central nervous system (CNS), we hypothesized that CSF outflows from the lumbar spinal canal. We aimed to visualize and semi-quantify the outflow using non-contrast MRI techniques. We utilized a 3 Tesla clinical MRI with a 16-channel spine coil, employing time-spatial labeling inversion (Time-SLIP) with tag-on and tag-off acquisitions, T2-weighted coronal 2D fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted coronal 3D centric ky-kz single-shot FSE (cSSFSE). Images were acquired using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) with tag-on and tag-off acquisitions with varying TI periods. Ten healthy volunteers with no known spinal diseases participated. Variations in tagged CSF outflow were observed across different thoracolumbar nerve root segments in all participants. We quantified CSF outflow at all lumbar levels and the psoas region. There was no significant difference among the ROIs for signal intensity. The tagged CSF outflow from the spinal canal is small but demonstrates egress to surrounding tissues. This finding may pave the way for exploring intrathecal drug delivery, understanding of CSF-related pathologies and its potential as a biomarker for peripheral neuropathy and radiculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vucevic
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.); (V.M.); (W.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Vadim Malis
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.); (V.M.); (W.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Won C. Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.); (V.M.); (W.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Hideki Ota
- Department of Radiology, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Miyagi, Japan;
| | - Koichi Oshio
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Marin A. McDonald
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.); (V.M.); (W.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (D.V.); (V.M.); (W.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
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Głowacka P, Oszajca K, Pudlarz A, Szemraj J, Witusik-Perkowska M. Postbiotics as Molecules Targeting Cellular Events of Aging Brain-The Role in Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:2244. [PMID: 39064687 PMCID: PMC11279795 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for neurodegeneration occurrence. The most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases, are characterized by the incidence of proteinopathy, abnormal activation of glial cells, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and cellular senescence excessive for the patient's age. Moreover, mitochondrial disfunction, epigenetic alterations and neurogenesis inhibition, together with increased blood-brain barrier permeability and gut dysbiosis, have been linked to ND pathogenesis. Since NDs still lack curative treatment, recent research has sought therapeutic options in restoring gut microbiota and supplementing probiotic bacteria-derived metabolites with beneficial action to the host-so called postbiotics. The current review focuses on literature explaining cellular mechanisms involved in ND pathogenesis and research addressing the impact that postbiotics as a whole mixture and particular metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, polyamines, polyphenols, tryptophan metabolites, exopolysaccharides and bacterial extracellular vesicles, have on the ageing-associated processes underlying ND occurrence. The review also discusses the issue of implementing postbiotics into ND prophylaxis and therapy, depicting them as compounds addressing senescence-triggered dysfunctions that are worth translating from bench to pharmaceutical market in response to "silver consumers" demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pola Głowacka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
- International Doctoral School, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Oszajca
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Pudlarz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Monika Witusik-Perkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (P.G.); (K.O.); (A.P.); (J.S.)
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Sigawi T, Hamtzany O, Hurvitz N, Ishay Y, Dayan R, Arkadir D, Ilan Y. Investigating the Relationship between Chronic Liver Cirrhosis and Parkinsonism: A Comparative Analysis and a Suggested Diagnostic Scheme. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1375-1382. [PMID: 39051304 PMCID: PMC11270255 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Neurological manifestations are common in patients with chronic liver diseases. This study aimed to depict the association between liver cirrhosis and Parkinson's disease (PD) and propose a clinically relevant diagnostic scheme. Methods: We examined patients' medical records with PD and chronic liver impairment secondary to cirrhosis or liver metastases for temporal correlations between liver insult and Parkinsonian signs. Results: Thirty-five individuals with PD and chronic liver impairment were included due to either cirrhosis or liver metastases. In all 22 patients with PD and liver metastases, the diagnosis of PD preceded the diagnosis of cancer. Conversely, patients with cirrhosis were often diagnosed with liver impairment before diagnosing PD. Age at diagnosis did not account for this difference. Conclusions: This study reinforces the potential clinical association between cirrhosis and PD. We also provide a diagnostic scheme that may guide therapeutic interventions and prognostic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Sigawi
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (T.S.); (O.H.); (N.H.); (Y.I.)
| | - Omer Hamtzany
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (T.S.); (O.H.); (N.H.); (Y.I.)
| | - Noa Hurvitz
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (T.S.); (O.H.); (N.H.); (Y.I.)
| | - Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (T.S.); (O.H.); (N.H.); (Y.I.)
| | - Roy Dayan
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.D.); (D.A.)
| | - David Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (R.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (T.S.); (O.H.); (N.H.); (Y.I.)
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250
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Tripathi M, Sheehan JP, Niranjan A, Ren L, Pikis S, Lunsford LD, Peker S, Samanci Y, Langlois AM, Mathieu D, Lee CC, Yang HC, Deng H, Rai A, Kumar N, Sahu JK, Sankhyan N, Deora H. Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study on Safety, Efficacy, and Complication Profile. Neurosurgery 2024:00006123-990000000-01280. [PMID: 38990006 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000003110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is a safe and effective treatment option for hypothalamic hamartomas (HH), but there is no consensus opinion on its timing, dosage, and follow-up. The aim of this study was to define the safety, efficacy, outcome, and complication profile of GKRS in this patient population. METHODS This retrospective multicentric study involved 39 patients with the mean age of 16 ± 14.84 years. Early seizures resulted in an earlier age of diagnosis in 97% of patients. At baseline, no endocrine abnormalities were seen in 75% of patients while 18.9% showed precocious puberty (PP). The median target volume was 0.55 cc (0.1-10.00 cc), and a median margin dose of 16 Gy (8.1-20.0 Gy) was delivered in a single session. All patients were evaluated for clinical, endocrinological, and radiological outcomes. RESULTS The median follow-up was 5 (0.1-15) years. The median target volume of the cohort was 0.55 (0.35-1.77) cc. The largest HH was of 10 cc. 24/39 (61.5%) were small HH (Regis I-III). At presentation, 94.8% patients suffered from seizures (87.18% with gelastic seizures). 7/39 patients (17.9%) were presented with both PP and epilepsy. Only one (2.6%) patient presented with PP alone. 29 patients had more than 3-year follow-up. All received ≥16 Gy targeting complete HH. 28% of patients showed regression in HH volume. Patients with Regis grade I-III and longer follow-up (>75 months) showed gradual improvement in seizures. 16/29 patients (55.2%) achieved good seizure control (Engel I/II) while 13 (44.8%) were in Engel III/IV status. Nine patients needed adjuvant treatment because of poor seizure control. Eight patients suffered from transient increase in seizures. One patient developed poikilothermia, and 2 patients developed new onset hormonal deficiency. CONCLUSION GKRS is a safe and effective modality for treatment of HH with significant improvement in seizure control with minimal disruption of endocrine profile. It provides an excellent safety, efficacy, and complication profile, especially for small HH. Latency of results and its adjuvant nature remain the areas of research and breakthroughs among contemporary treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Tripathi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jason P Sheehan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ajay Niranjan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lydia Ren
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stylianos Pikis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - L Dade Lunsford
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Selcuk Peker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Samanci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anne Marie Langlois
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Mathieu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cheng Chia Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Huai Che Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hansen Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ashutosh Rai
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Department of Radiotherapy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jitendra Kuma Sahu
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Naveen Sankhyan
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsh Deora
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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