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Jia YW, Huang Z, Hu LX, Liu S, Li HX, Li JL, Chen CE, Xu XR, Zhao JL, Ying GG. Occurrence and mass loads of biocides in plastic debris from the Pearl River system, South China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125771. [PMID: 31918091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution in the plastic debris is an increasing global concern as most pollutants might transfer from the environment to living organisms via plastic debris. In this study, biocides in the plastic debris floating on the surface water of the Pearl River system were investigated. The abundances of large plastic debris and microplastics in the surface water were 0.07 ± 0.13 and 0.94 ± 1.87 items/m3, respectively. Totally, 15 and 16 out of 19 biocides were detected in the large plastic debris and microplastics, with the concentration of each biocide in the ranges of 22.6-2460 ng/g and 16.9-2890 ng/g, respectively. Meanwhile, the concentration ranges of the detected biocides were 0.01-215 ng/L in surface water. Triclosan, triclocarban, methylparaben, and N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) were the frequently detected compounds in the plastic samples and surface water. The partition coefficients (Kd) of biocides between the plastic debris and surface water showed a weak positive correlation with Kow values. Biocides were also detected on the natural floats (tree leaves and branches) at concentrations of 13.7-786 ng/g. The annual mass load of biocides in plastic debris at each site was up to 265 g/y, thereby suggesting that plastic debris might be an important carrier for the emerging contaminants, such as biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Jia
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zheng Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Li-Xin Hu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jin-Ling Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chang-Er Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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252
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Bartonitz A, Anyanwu IN, Geist J, Imhof HK, Reichel J, Graßmann J, Drewes JE, Beggel S. Modulation of PAH toxicity on the freshwater organism G. roeseli by microparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113999. [PMID: 32018198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread and environmentally persistent chemicals that readily bind to particles in air, soil and sediment. Plastic particles, which are also an ubiquitous global contamination problem, may thus modulate their environmental fate and ecotoxicity. First, the acute aqueous toxicity of phenanthrene in adult Gammarus roeseli was determined with a LC50 of 471 μg/L after 24 h and 441 μg/L after 48 h. Second, considering lethal and sublethal endpoints, effects of phenanthrene concentration on G. roeseli were assessed in relation to the presence of anthropogenic and natural particles. The exposure of gammarids in presence of either particle type with phenanthrene resulted after 24 and 48 h in reduced effect size. Particle exposure alone did not result in any effects. The observed reduction of phenanthrene toxicity by polyamide contradicts the discussion of microplastics acting as a vector or synergistically. Especially, no difference in modulation by plastic particles and naturally occurring sediment particles was measured. These findings can most likely be explained by the similar adsorption of phenanthrene to both particle types resulting in reduced bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Bartonitz
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany.
| | - Ihuoma N Anyanwu
- Department of Biology/ Microbiology/ Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B 1010, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hannes K Imhof
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Julia Reichel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Graßmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Joerg E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beggel
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Mühlenweg 22, 85354, Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
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253
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Felten V, Toumi H, Masfaraud JF, Billoir E, Camara BI, Férard JF. Microplastics enhance Daphnia magna sensitivity to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin: Effects on life history traits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136567. [PMID: 31981867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of microplastics (MPs) on the ecotoxicity of common contaminants of aquatic ecosystems. As a model contaminant, the hydrophobic pesticide deltamethrin (DM) was chosen, and its effects on life history traits of Daphnia magna were studied in the presence or absence of polyethylene MPs. Commercialized DM and MPs obtained as dry powder were used in the experiment. According the manufacturer (Cospheric, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) MPs were spherical (1-4 μm in diameter), had a density of 0.96 g/cm-3 and were without any solvent. Three concentrations of polyethylene MPs were tested (0, 1, 10 mg/L) with two realistic concentrations of DM (0 and 40 ng/L) and a solvent control (acetone). During the 21 d experiment, D. magna neonates were individually exposed to the treatments, and the effects of MPs and DM alone and together were evaluated by assessing survival, number of cumulative molts, days to first brood, number of broods, number of neonates per surviving adult, and body length. Significant detrimental effects on survival were only observed for the two mixture treatments. DM alone (40 ng/L) delayed the days to first brood and reduced the number of neonates per surviving adult, whereas MPs alone (10 mg/L) induced significant reduction in the number of juveniles by surviving adults. The combined exposure to DM and MPs clearly had a synergistic effect on survival, brood number, and number of neonates per surviving female. For example, compared to exposure to 40 ng/L of DM alone, the addition of 1 mg/L of MPs resulted in a 51.1% reduction in number of neonates per surviving female and a 46% reduction in brood number. These results suggest the potential drastic effects of this kind of mixed exposure on daphnid populations, which are key components of freshwater food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Felten
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France.
| | - Héla Toumi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France; Laboratoire de Bio-surveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | | | - Elise Billoir
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-57000 Metz, France
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254
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Yan X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, He L, Qu J, Zhou C, Hong P, Sun S, Zhao H, Liang Y, Ren L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li C. The Complex Toxicity of Tetracycline with Polystyrene Spheres on Gastric Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082808. [PMID: 32325809 PMCID: PMC7216245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) exist widely in the marine. The surface has strong adsorption capacity for antibiotics in natural environments, and the cytotoxicity of complex are poorly understood. In the study, 500 nm polystyrene (PS-MPs) and 60 nm nanoplastics (PS-NPs) were synthesized. The adsorption of PS to tetracycline (TC) was studied and their toxicity to gastric cancer cells (AGS) was researched. The adsorption experimental results show that PS absorbing capacity increased with increasing TC concentrations. The defense mechanism results show that 60 nm PS-NPs, 500 nm PS-MPs and their complex induce different damage to AGS cells. Furthermore, 600 mg/L PS-NPs and PS-MPs decline cell viability, induce oxidation stress and cause apoptosis. There is more serious damage of 60 nm PS-NPs than 500 nm PS-MPs in cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA are also damaged by 60 nm PS-NPs and PS-TC NPs, 500 nm PS-MPs and PS-TC MPs, and 60 nm PS-NPs damage DNA more serious than 500 nm PS-MPs. Moreover, 60 nm PS-NPs and PS-TC NPs seem to promote bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) overexpression. All treatments provided us with evidence on how PS-NPs, PS-MPs and their compounds damaged AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiemin Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
| | - Yuqin Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-759-238-3636 (C.L.)
| | - Junhao Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shengli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yanqiu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (L.R.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (L.R.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinjun Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (L.R.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Chengyong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-759-238-3636 (C.L.)
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255
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Hu E, Shang S, Fu Z, Zhao X, Nan X, Du Y, Chen X. Cotransport of naphthalene with polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) in saturated porous media: Effects of PSNP/naphthalene ratio and ionic strength. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125602. [PMID: 31864042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants of global concern, nanoplastics are significantly potential carriers of hydrophobic organic compounds in aquatic and soil environment. However, little is known about the interactions between the transports of nanoplastics and organic contaminants in porous media. In this study, the cotransport of naphthalene with polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNP) in saturated sand columns as influenced by the PSNP/naphthalene ratio and ionic strength (IS) was investigated. The presence of PSNP dramatically enhanced the mobility of naphthalene at low IS (0.5 mM), but such effect was prohibited at high IS (5 mM and 50 mM). The mobility of PSNP in the sand column was higher when it was solely exist in the pore-water than that when in the presence of naphthalene, because of the charge-shielding effect. This work showed that the coexistence of PSNP and naphthalene would influence the mobility of each other in the saturated porous media, which highly related to their concentration ratio and IS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhu Hu
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Sciences, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Siyao Shang
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Sciences, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Zhongtian Fu
- School of Resource & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resource & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xiangli Nan
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Sciences, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yichun Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China.
| | - Xijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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256
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Scherer C, Wolf R, Völker J, Stock F, Brennhold N, Reifferscheid G, Wagner M. Toxicity of microplastics and natural particles in the freshwater dipteran Chironomus riparius: Same same but different? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134604. [PMID: 31818558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic ecosystems. While the number of studies is rapidly increasing, a comparison of the toxicity of MP and natural particulate matter is largely missing. In addition, research focusses on the impacts of hydrophobic chemicals sorbed to plastics. However, the interactive effects of MP and hydrophilic, dissolved chemicals remain largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted chronic toxicity studies with larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus riparius exposed to unplasticised polyvinyl chloride MP (PVC-MP) as well as kaolin and diatomite as reference materials for 28 days. In addition, we investigated the effects of particles in combination with the neonicotinoid imidacloprid in a multiple-stressor experiment. High concentrations of kaolin positively affected the chironomids. In contrast, exposure to diatomite and PVC-MP reduced the emergence and mass of C. riparius. Likewise, the toxicity of imidacloprid was enhanced in the presence of PVC-MP and slightly decreased in the co-exposure with kaolin. Overall, parallel experiments and chemical analysis indicate that the toxicity of PVC-MP was not caused by leached or sorbed chemicals. Our study demonstrates that PVC-MP induce more severe effects than both natural particulate materials. However, the latter are not benign per se, as the case of diatomite highlights. Considering the high, environmentally irrelevant concentrations needed to induce adverse effects, C. riparius is insensitive to exposures to PVC-MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Scherer
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56002, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany.
| | - Raoul Wolf
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section for Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Johannes Völker
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Friederike Stock
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56002, Germany
| | - Nicole Brennhold
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56002, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Koblenz 56002, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Biology, Høgskoleringen 5, Realfagbygget, Trondheim 7491, Norway
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257
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Wang T, Yu C, Chu Q, Wang F, Lan T, Wang J. Adsorption behavior and mechanism of five pesticides on microplastics from agricultural polyethylene films. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125491. [PMID: 31835051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) agricultural soil films are easily embrittled and decomposed to microplastics (MPs) in environment. As widely used pesticides in vegetable farmland, carbendazim, dipterex, diflubenzuron, malathion, difenoconazole have potential environmental and human safety risks. They are often coexisting with MPs in the environment, and may cause consequential pollution to the ecosystem. Studying the adsorption behavior between pesticides and PE agricultural soil films MPs would be helpful for the risk assessment of co-exposure of pesticides and MPs. Herein, a systematic study on batch adsorption experiments was performed to determine the adsorption process of pesticides on MPs, the environmental factors on adsorption capacity were evaluated, and the adsorption mechanisms were discussed. Results suggested that all these five pesticides can adsorb on MPs, especially for diflubenzuron and difenoconazole. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm fitted to the Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model, respectively, indicating that besides the adsorption onto surface sites, mass transfer and intraparticle diffusion were involved in the adsorption process, and the adsorption process was mostly controlled by physical and chemical interactions. The adsorption amounts of 5 pesticides on PE MPs follow the order of DIF > DIFE > MAL > CAR > DIP with KF correlated positively with octanol-water partition coefficients (LogKow). The thermodynamic study indicates the adsorption of all pesticides as spontaneous and exothermic processes. The results of this study illustrated that PE MPs can be a good carrier of pesticides in agricultural field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Congcong Yu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Hebei Guanzhuo Detection Technology CO., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Qiao Chu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Tao Lan
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China; China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China
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258
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Zhao Y, Bao Z, Wan Z, Fu Z, Jin Y. Polystyrene microplastic exposure disturbs hepatic glycolipid metabolism at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic levels in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136279. [PMID: 31918190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), which are new types of environmental pollutants, have recently received widespread attention worldwide. MPs can accumulate in the bodies of animals and in plants, and they can also enter the human body through the food chain. However, knowledge of the effects of MPs on the health of animals is still limited. In this experiment, adult male zebrafish were exposed to 20 or 100 μg/L of 5 μm polystyrene MP for 21 days in an attempt to determine the hepatic effects related to glycolipid metabolism at the biochemical and transcriptomic levels. It was found that body weight and condition factor decreased significantly in zebrafish after exposure to 20 and 100 μg/L polystyrene MP for 21 days. The transcription levels of major genes related to glycolipid metabolism decreased significantly in the liver. Correspondingly, the levels of major biochemical parameters, including Glu, pyruvic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid and IDH, were also decreased in the livers of exposed zebrafish, especially those in the 100 μg/L polystyrene MP-treated group. Moreover, the data on the hepatic transcriptome also confirmed that some genes related to fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and carbon metabolism tended to be decreased in the livers of exposed zebrafish. Taken together, our data confirmed that polystyrene PS-MP can induce hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder at the physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic levels in adult zebrafish after 21 days of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhiwei Bao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhiqing Wan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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259
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Kögel T, Bjorøy Ø, Toto B, Bienfait AM, Sanden M. Micro- and nanoplastic toxicity on aquatic life: Determining factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136050. [PMID: 31887526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has become a major environmental concern due to its omnipresence and degradation to smaller particles. The potential toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastic on biota have been investigated in a growing number of exposure studies. We have performed a comprehensive review of the main determining factors for plastic particle toxicity in the relevant exposure systems, from publications until including the year 2018. For a focused scope, effects of additives or other pollutants accumulated by the plastic particles are not included. In summary, current literature suggests that plastic particle toxicity depends on concentration, particle size, exposure time, particle condition, shape and polymer type. Furthermore, contaminant background, food availability, species, developmental stage and sex have major influence on the outcome of plastic particles exposures. Frequently reported effects were on body and population growth, energy metabolism, feeding, movement activity, physiological stress, oxidative stress, inflammation, the immune system, hormonal regulation, aberrant development, cell death, general toxicity and altered lipid metabolism. Several times reported were increased growth and food consumption, neuro-, liver- or kidney pathology and intestinal damage. Photosynthesis disruption was reported in studies investigating effects on phytoplankton. For the currently unquantified plastic particles below 10 μm, more toxic effects were reported in all aquatic life, as compared to plastic particles of larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kögel
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ørjan Bjorøy
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Benuarda Toto
- Center for Nutrition, Children's and Youth Hospital, Haukelandsbakken 15, PO Box 7804, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Monica Sanden
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), PO Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
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260
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Feng LJ, Sun XD, Zhu FP, Feng Y, Duan JL, Xiao F, Li XY, Shi Y, Wang Q, Sun JW, Liu XY, Liu JQ, Zhou LL, Wang SG, Ding Z, Tian H, Galloway TS, Yuan XZ. Nanoplastics Promote Microcystin Synthesis and Release from Cyanobacterial Microcystis aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3386-3394. [PMID: 31961660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although the fate of nanoplastics (<100 nm) in freshwater systems is increasingly well studied, much less is known about its potential threats to cyanobacterial blooms, the ultimate phenomenon of eutrophication occurrence worldwide. Previous studies have evaluated the consequences of nanoplastics increasing the membrane permeability of microbes, however, there is no direct evidence for interactions between nanoplastics and microcystin; intracellular hepatotoxins are produced by some genera of cyanobacteria. Here, we show that the amino-modified polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NH2) promote microcystin synthesis and release from Microcystis aeruginosa, a dominant species causing cyanobacterial blooms, even without the change of coloration. We demonstrate that PS-NH2 inhibits photosystem II efficiency, reduces organic substance synthesis, and induces oxidative stress, enhancing the synthesis of microcystin. Furthermore, PS-NH2 promotes the extracellular release of microcystin from M. aeruginosa via transporter protein upregulation and impaired cell membrane integrity. Our findings propose that the presence of nanoplastics in freshwater ecosystems might enhance the threat of eutrophication to aquatic ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Ping Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yue Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lu Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fu Xiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Tamara Susan Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, U.K
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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261
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Wang W, Ge J, Yu X, Li H. Environmental fate and impacts of microplastics in soil ecosystems: Progress and perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134841. [PMID: 31791759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The wide and intensive application of plastics and their derived products has resulted in global environmental contamination of plastic waste. Large-sized plastic litter can be fragmented into microplastics (<5 mm), which have attracted increasing concerns from the general public and scientific communities worldwide. Until recently, the majority of microplastics research reported in literatures has been focusing on the aquatic settings, especially the marine environment, while information about microplastics contamination in terrestrial soil systems is highly insufficient. In this paper, we reviewed the latest data regarding the occurrence of microplastics in terrestrial soils and discussed their potential pathways into the soil environment. We also summarized the currently used methodologies for extraction and characterization of microplastics in soil matrices and evaluated their advantages and limitations. Additionally, we assessed the ecotoxicological consequences of microplastics contamination on soil ecosystems, including the effects on soil physiochemical properties, terrestrial plants, soil fauna, and soil microbes. Finally, based on the most current progress summarized in this review, we suggested several directions for future research on microplastics in soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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262
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Li Y, Wang J, Yang G, Lu L, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Low level of polystyrene microplastics decreases early developmental toxicity of phenanthrene on marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 385:121586. [PMID: 31759759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become global environmental concern. However, the effects of environmental concentrations of MPs, singly or in combination with organic pollutants, on the early development of marine fish remain unclear. In this study, fertilized eggs of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) were exposed to polystyrene MPs (0, 2, 20, 200 μg/L) and/or phenanthrene (Phe, 50 μg/L) for 28 days. The results revealed that MPs were accumulated on the chorion and ingested by larvae from 2 days post-hatching. High levels of MPs (20 and 200 μg/L) decreased the hatchability, delayed the hatching time, and suppressed the growth, whereas Phe inhibited hatching and caused malformations in larvae. The presence of MPs at 20 and 200 μg/L did not alter the toxicity of Phe. By contrast, combined exposure to 2 μg/L MPs and Phe increased the hatchability by 25.8%, decreased malformation and mortality rates, and restored Phe-induced abnormal expressions of cardiac development-related genes. The reduced early developmental toxicity could be attributed to the decreased bioavailability and bioaccumulation of Phe by the low level of MPs. These findings contradicted the view that MPs would aggravate the toxicity of organic pollutants, and future studies are warranted to elucidate the ecological risks of marine MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejiao Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guangxin Yang
- Laboratory of Quality Safety and Processing for Aquatic Product, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qianyao Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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263
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Enyoh CE, Shafea L, Verla AW, Verla EN, Qingyue W, Chowdhury T, Paredes M. Microplastics Exposure Routes and Toxicity Studies to Ecosystems: An Overview. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2020; 35:e2020004. [PMID: 32570999 PMCID: PMC7308665 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.e2020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are now ubiquitous in global ecosystem, therefore all biota is at risk of exposure and potential toxicity. In this study, we presented an overview of information based on literature concerning exposure to MPs and the toxicity of such exposure. Currently, four major routes of exposure have been identified including entanglement, contact, ingestion and inhalation. Humans maybe the most exposed organism because they are at the peak of the food chain. Toxicology effect to marine and freshwater organisms are classified based on exposure dosage as either high (mortality, decreased reproductive output, organ damage) or low (changes in behavior with time). On plants, reports have shown that MPs exposure can affect negatively the growth and depending on exposure concentration and types of MPs and oxidative activities. However, effects on plants maybe short-term and transient. Although, toxicity studies regarding human are still ongoing as per reports, plants and animals are still scantly studied. Animal toxicity studies have widely used D. magna as model specie. MPs pollution may have a knock-on effect on trophic structure and functioning of ecosystems by affecting the base of the food chain. We concluded by identifying the gap in knowledge and give recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ebere Enyoh
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE&CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University (IMSU), PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State,
Nigeria
| | - Leila Shafea
- Department of Soil Science, Universität Kassel, Kassel,
Germany
| | - Andrew Wirnkor Verla
- Group Research in Analytical Chemistry, Environment and Climate Change (GRACE&CC), Department of Chemistry, Imo State University (IMSU), PMB 2000 Owerri, Imo State,
Nigeria
| | - Evelyn Ngozi Verla
- Department of Environmental Technology, School of Environmental Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, P.M.B.1526, Imo State,
Nigeria
| | - Wang Qingyue
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama,
Japan
| | - Tanzin Chowdhury
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama,
Japan
| | - Marcel Paredes
- Department of Civil Engineering, National University of Chimborazo, Riobamba,
Ecuador
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264
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Barbosa F, Adeyemi JA, Bocato MZ, Comas A, Campiglia A. A critical viewpoint on current issues, limitations, and future research needs on micro- and nanoplastic studies: From the detection to the toxicological assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109089. [PMID: 32069751 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing scientific attention on the presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in the environments and their potential toxic effects on humans and the ecosystems is evident. Accordingly, the number of publications on this topic has increased substantially from only 5 in 2010 to more than 850 in 2019. Thus, this critical review aimed at providing state-of-the-art information on the existing methods for characterization and detection of MNPs in various matrices, as well as the reported toxic effects of MNPs in both in vivo and in vitro systems, anticipating challenges and providing future needs to improve the current scientific knowledge. We performed a systematic search of recent literature on available methodologies for the characterization/detection of MNPs in different samples, and the summary of such protocols is provided. Also, the existing procedures for in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of MNPs were critically described. The results of our search revealed that quite a great deal of effort had been made to detect, characterize, and quantify the fate and effect of MNPs. However, we are still far from a complete understanding of behaviors of MNPs in the environments and biological systems. Thus, there is a need to advance the existing protocols to improve data accuracy. Besides, more studies that focus on uptake kinetics, accumulation, and biodistribution of MNPs in biological systems are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA.
| | - Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Mariana Zuccherato Bocato
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/nº, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ahmed Comas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
| | - Andres Campiglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 25000, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA
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265
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Tang Y, Rong J, Guan X, Zha S, Shi W, Han Y, Du X, Wu F, Huang W, Liu G. Immunotoxicity of microplastics and two persistent organic pollutants alone or in combination to a bivalve species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113845. [PMID: 31883493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Both microplastics and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitously present in natural water environment, posing a potential threat to aquatic organisms. While it has been suggested that the immune responses of aquatic organisms could be hampered by exposure to microplastics and POPs, the synergistic immunotoxic impact of these two types of pollutants remain poorly understood. In addition, little is known about the mechanism behind the immunotoxic effect of microplastics. Therefore, in the present study, the immunotoxicity of microplastics and two POPs, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 17β-estradiol (E2), were investigated alone or in combination in a bivalve species, Tegillarca granosa. Evident immunotoxicity, as indicated by alterations of haemocyte count, blood cell composition, phagocytic activity, intracellular content of ROS, concentration of Ca2+ and lysozyme, and lysozyme activity, was revealed for both microplastics and the two POPs examined. In addition, the expression of six immune-, Ca2+ signalling-, and apoptosis-related genes was significantly altered by exposure of clams to the contaminants studied. Furthermore, the toxicity of POPs was generally aggravated by smaller microplastics (500 nm) and mitigated by larger ones (30 μm). This size dependent effect on POP toxicity may result from size dependent interactions between microplastics and POPs. Data obtained in this study also indicate that similar to exposure to B[a]P and E2, exposure to microplastics may hamper the immune responses of clams through a series of interdependent physiological and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Guan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangzhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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266
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Hebner TS, Maurer-Jones MA. Characterizing microplastic size and morphology of photodegraded polymers placed in simulated moving water conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:398-407. [PMID: 31993606 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plastic debris experiences environmental stressors that lead to breakdown into smaller micro-sized plastic particles. This work quantified microplastic formation with the environmental stressors of UV irradiation followed by mechanical strain induced by movement of water with an emphasis on connecting our results to changes in the materials chemical/physical properties. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyethylene terephthalate thin films and polypropylene injection-molded sheets were irradiated with 254 nm UV light, placed into aquatic microcosms, collected through sieving, and counted under a microscope. Results showed increasingly more particles in smaller size classes, the smallest being 74-177 μm. Mechanical strain from the turbulent water caused 2.3-3× more microplastics to be formed for the thinnest (∼25 μm) film and 1.4-2× more for thicker films and sheets. The most common morphology of microplastics was fibers, particularly in thicker polypropylene samples, which was attributed to absorbance of the photons and the changes observed in the crystallinity and glass transition as measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). When irradiated for 24, 48, or 72 h, longer irradiation resulted in more microplastics formed by polypropylene films, which correlated with changes in the glass transition temperature as measured by DSC and the extent of oxidation as measured with FTIR. Irradiation at 300 nm produced fewer microplastics due to slower kinetics of phototransformations. Overall, this work evaluates the impact of combined photodegradation and water motion toward microplastic particles formed. It provides quantitative evidence that mechanical strain of water movement exacerbates photo-induced formation of microplastics and shows that the existence of fibers in natural systems can be the result of photodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler S Hebner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
| | - Melissa A Maurer-Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1038 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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267
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Qiu Y, Luo L, Yang Y, Kong Y, Li Y, Wang D. Potential toxicity of nanopolystyrene on lifespan and aging process of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135918. [PMID: 31837847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the environment, nanoplastic particles, such as nanopolystyrene, potentially cause toxicity on organisms at various aspects. We here employed endpoints of lifespan and aging-related phenotypes to further investigate the possible long-term effects of nanopolystyrene (100 nm) in Caenorhabditis elegans. After exposure from L1-larvae to adult day-3, nanopolystyrene at high concentrations (100 and 1000 μg/L) reduced the lifespan. Although nanopolystyrene (1 or 10 μg/L) did not affect the lifespan, nanopolystyrene (1 or 10 μg/L) could induce the more severe intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decrease in locomotion behavior during the aging process compared with control. Moreover, nanopolystyrene exposure could cause the severe decrease in expressions of some immune response genes, hsp-6 gene, and genes encoding manganese-superoxide dismutases (Mn-SODs) during aging process, suggesting the severe suppression in innate immune response, inhibition in antioxidation defense system, and suppression in mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) by nanopolystyrene. Our results highlight the potential of long-term nanopolystyrene exposure in reducing longevity and in affecting health state during the aging process in environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213011, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213011, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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268
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Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Challenges and Threats to Aquatic Organisms. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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269
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Liu P, Lu K, Li J, Wu X, Qian L, Wang M, Gao S. Effect of aging on adsorption behavior of polystyrene microplastics for pharmaceuticals: Adsorption mechanism and role of aging intermediates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121193. [PMID: 31610348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the environment, aging obviously changes physicochemical properties of microplastics (MPs), but the effects of aging process on adsorption behavior of MPs are not fully understood. In this study, the aging of polystyrene (PS) was accelerated by photo-Fenton reaction. The adsorption mechanism of different aged PS toward atorvastatin (ATV) and amlodipine (AML) and the role of PS-derived intermediates in adsorption process were investigated. Results showed that the adsorption of pristine PS toward pharmaceuticals relied on hydrophobic and π-π interaction, while for aged PS, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding controlled the adsorption. The study revealed that the intermediates released from aging process in high concentration (TOC of 10 mg/L) significantly decreased the adsorption of ATV (10 mg/L) on PS (5.0 g/L) but increased the adsorption of AML (10 mg/L). However, those intermediates at environmental concentration (0.1 mg/L) exhibited low effects on adsorption of pharmaceuticals (1.0 mg/L) on MPs (0.5 g/L of PS). The impact mainly depended on electrostatic interaction between MPs and aging intermediates. Besides, the adsorption of low-degree aged PS was more susceptible to the aging intermediates than that of high-degree aged ones. These findings highlight significant implication of MP-derived intermediates in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutin Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutin Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jinli Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutin Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Li Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutin Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutin Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollutin Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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270
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Chen W, Yuan D, Shan M, Yang Z, Liu C. Single and combined effects of amino polystyrene and perfluorooctane sulfonate on hydrogen-producing thermophilic bacteria and the interaction mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135015. [PMID: 31733496 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a carrier of perfluorooctane sulfonate, nano-plastics are ubiquitous and finally enriched in the sludge, which is widely used as a raw material for the production of bioenergy (hydrogen or methane) by anaerobic digestion. However, there are still many unknowns about their metabolic toxicity to functional microbes (e.g. hydrogen-producing thermophilic bacteria). Therefore, single and combined effects of amino polystyrene (NPS: 70 nm; 0.2 mg/L) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS: 0.1, 1 and 5 mg/L) on hydrogen-producing thermophilic bacteria were investigated after exposure for 7 days at 55 °C and pH = 5.7. Single NPS exhibited obvious interference to the metabolism of thermophilic bacteria, resulting in a 53.9% reduction in hydrogen production. However, the combined NPS + PFOS produced an antagonistic effect, leading to a 31.6% reduction in hydrogen production. Nonetheless, the single and combined exposure did not alter the type of hydrogen production (acetic acid-type hydrogen fermentation). Moreover, single NPS and combined NPS + PFOS not only induced the changes of the composition of extracellular polymers (EPSs) and π bond structure of the protein in EPSs, but also decreased the activity of hydrolase in EPSs and surface charge of EPSs. Compared to single NPS exposure, NPS + PFOS-exposed thermophilic bacteria was less permeable to a semi-membrane permeable dye and produced less reactive oxygen species, but were still significantly higher than control group. In short, the main mechanisms of single NPS and combined NPS + PFOS were both to increase cell permeability and to induce oxidative stress. The addition of PFOS alleviated the toxic effect of NPS, but did not change its mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Shandong Province, 36# Lishan Road, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Min Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Zhongbao Yang
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, PR China.
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271
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Qu M, Wang D. Toxicity comparison between pristine and sulfonate modified nanopolystyrene particles in affecting locomotion behavior, sensory perception, and neuronal development in Caenorhabditis elegans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134817. [PMID: 31715464 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonate modified polystyrene is potentially used in medical application; however, the effect of sulfonate modification on polystyrene toxicity is still largely unclear. We here compared the neurotoxicity between pristine and sulfonate modified nanopolystyrene particles in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to nanopolystyrene (35 nm) caused neurotoxicity on locomotion behaviors (head thrash, body bend, forward movement, and backward movement) and sensory perception behaviors (chemotaxis to NaCl or diacetyl). Exposure to nanopolystyrene also induced the damage on development of dopaminergic neurons as reflected by relative fluorescence intensity, number of discontinuous dendrite, and number of abnormal cell body. Moreover, we found that sulfonate modification effectively enhanced the neurontoxicity of nanopolystyrene on locomotion behaviors, sensory perception behaviors, and development of dopaminergic neurons. Our results highlight the possibility of sulfonate modification in increasing neurotoxicity of nanopolystyrene exposure on environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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272
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Xu S, Ma J, Ji R, Pan K, Miao AJ. Microplastics in aquatic environments: Occurrence, accumulation, and biological effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134699. [PMID: 31726297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics, whether originating directly from industrial and household products or from the degradation of larger plastics, are currently of intense global concern. These particles are present in aquatic environments in high concentrations and may adversely affect aquatic organisms. An additional concern is the ability of microplastics to adsorb inorganic and organic pollutants and subsequently liberate them into marine and freshwater systems. In this review, we report on the occurrence and abundance of microplastics in the global aquatic environment. We then consider the accumulation (uptake, distribution, and elimination) of microplastics in aquatic organisms and the important factors that lead to bioaccumulation. The effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms of different trophic levels are also discussed. Several studies have shown that the size, shape, and surface physicochemical characteristics of microplastics are essential determinants of their biological effects. Finally, we examine the combined effects of microplastics and other pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. Our review concludes by suggesting future lines of research based on the remaining knowledge gaps in microplastic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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273
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Chen Q, Li Y, Li B. Is color a matter of concern during microplastic exposure to Scenedesmus obliquus and Daphnia magna? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121224. [PMID: 31546214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxicities of microplastics (MPs) on aquatic organisms have been widely investigated often by using white or transparent MPs. However, various colored MPs scatter in the real aquatic environment. Here we investigated four colored MPs' effects on Scenedesmus obliquus algal growth first. Under the light condition, algal growth increased initially due to hormesis stimulation and then decreased gradually at higher MP concentrations. Green colored MPs exhibited the lowest inhibition effect, probably due to their resemblance to algae; white MPs inhibited the algal growth significantly, which was attributed to the presence of ethanol. Turbulence condition seemed to diminish algal growth differences among groups, but it led to slight oxidative stress. Furthermore, we also tested MP effects on Daphnia magna feeding ability. Results indicated that daphnids were probably not able to distinguish colored MPs from algae. But their algae ingestion amounts increased when MPs reached to 40% of algal cells, probably because daphnids could widen their filtering gapes when food quality decreases. However, this phenomenon did not last until the 3rd day, as the agglomeration of MPs and algae made them settle down. Overall, our results highlighted the color may alter some MP effects and is necessary to be considered in (eco)toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, PR China
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274
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Zhang F, Wang Z, Song L, Fang H, Wang DG. Aquatic toxicity of iron-oxide-doped microplastics to Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113451. [PMID: 31706783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel metal-oxide-doped microplastic particles (MMPs) have become emerging particulate plastics. The toxicity of MMPs in the aquatic environment remains unknown yet. In this study, toxicological effects of a representative MMP (iron-oxide core) with the nominal diameter of 1 μm and two different surface functional groups, amine-modified (MPS (Fe)-NH2) and carboxyl-modified (MPS (Fe)-COOH) polystyrene, were investigated by toxicity testing using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Daphnia magna. The aquatic toxicity of two microplastic particles (MPS-NH2 and MPS-COOH) with the same particle size and surface modification in the absence of iron-oxide core was also observed and compared. Results show that the toxicity of MPS (Fe)-NH2 to the studied organisms (in terms of median effective concentration) was greater than the MPS (Fe)-COOH and non-iron-oxide-doped microplastic particles. Moreover, the MMPs mainly contributed to the toxicity rather than their dissolved fraction. The accumulation (based on total Fe) of MPS (Fe)-NH2 in C. pyrenoidosa was higher than the MPS (Fe)-COOH at low effect concentrations. The observations by optical microscopy indicated that the MPS (Fe)-NH2 was heavily adsorbed on the surface and distributed over the antennae, carapace, and apical spine of D. magna body whereas the MPS (Fe)-COOH was mainly accumulated inside the digestive tract of the daphnia. Furthermore, the analysis of intracellular reactive oxygen species level and antioxidant capacity confirmed that the intensities of the toxic effects cannot be linked to oxidative stress induced by the particles in the algae and daphnids. This work provides valuable insights into the ecological effects of MMPs, which is helpful for the quantitative assessment of food chain transfer of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
| | - Lan Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - De-Gao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
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275
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Bhattacharya A, Khare SK. Ecological and toxicological manifestations of microplastics: current scenario, research gaps, and possible alleviation measures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:1-20. [PMID: 32397947 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2019.1699379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and associated contaminants have become a major environmental concern. From available literature, their ubiquitous presence is now well established. However, the kind and level of toxicological impacts these MPs accomplish on various life forms are not well understood. Nevertheless, the environmental toxicity of MP is now being revealed gradually with supporting studies involving groups of lower organisms. Additionally, the presence of microplastics also disturbs the functions of ecosystem through affecting the vulnerable life forms, thus ecological manifestations of MPs also need to be analyzed. The present review encompasses an overview of toxicological effects mediated by various types of MPs present in the environment; it covers the types of toxicity they may cause and other effects on humans and other species. In this review, aquatic systems are used as primary models to describe various eco-toxicological effects of MPs. Various research gaps as well as methods to alleviate the level of MPs, and future strategies are also comprehensively highlighted in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrik Bhattacharya
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
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276
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Interaction of Microplastics and Organic Pollutants: Quantification, Environmental Fates, and Ecological Consequences. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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277
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Peng L, Fu D, Qi H, Lan CQ, Yu H, Ge C. Micro- and nano-plastics in marine environment: Source, distribution and threats - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134254. [PMID: 31514025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plastic litters have become the predominant components of marine debris due to extensive consumption plastics and mismanagement of plastic wastes. As part of the problem, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have generated special concerns due to their unique features that make them easy to transfer among oceans in the marine ecosystem, across different trophic levels inside the food web, and even across different tissues inside contaminated animals. Studies have demonstrated the almost omnipresence of MPs in the marine ecosystem, which present serious threats to the health of marine animals, causing symptoms such as malnutrition, inflammation, chemical poisoning, growth thwarting, decrease of fecundity, and death due to damages at individual, organ, tissue, cell, and molecule levels. The information on NPs in the marine ecosystem has been scarce due to the challenges in sampling and detecting these nano-scaled entities. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that NPs have the potential to penetrate different biological barriers including the gastrointestinal barrier and the brain blood barrier and have been detected in many important organs such as brains, the circulation system and livers of sampled animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, China
| | - Dongdong Fu
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, China
| | - Huaiyuan Qi
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, China
| | - Christopher Q Lan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Huamei Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, China
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278
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Yang Y, Shao H, Wu Q, Wang D. Lipid metabolic response to polystyrene particles in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113439. [PMID: 31672355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics can be used in various fields, such as personal care products. Nevertheless, the effect of nanoplastic exposure on metabolism and its association with stress response remain largely unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we determined the effect of nanopolystyrene exposure on lipid metabolism and its association with the response to nanopolystyrene. Exposure (from L1-larave to adult day-3) to 100 nm nanopolystyrene (≥1 μg/L) induced severe lipid accumulation and increase in expressions of mdt-15 and sbp-1 encoding two lipid metabolic sensors. Meanwhile, we found that SBP-1 acted downstream of intestinal MDT-15 during the control of response to nanopolystyrene. Intestinal transcriptional factor SBP-1 activated two downstream targets, fatty acyl CoA desaturase FAT-6 and heat-shock protein HSP-4 (a marker of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (ER UPR)) to regulate nanopolystyrene toxicity. Both MDT-15 and SBP-1 were involved in the activation of ER-UPR in nanopolystyrene exposed nematodes. Moreover, SBP-1 regulated the innate immune response by activating FAT-6 in nanopolystyrene exposed nematodes. In the intestine, function of MDT-15 and SBP-1 in regulating nanopolystyrene toxicity was under the control of upstream signaling cascade (PMK-1-SKN-1) in p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, our data raised an important molecular basis for potential protective function of lipid metabolic response in nanopolystyrene exposed nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huimin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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279
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Moore RC, Loseto L, Noel M, Etemadifar A, Brewster JD, MacPhee S, Bendell L, Ross PS. Microplastics in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from the Eastern Beaufort Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110723. [PMID: 31733906 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, particles <5 mm) represent an emerging global environmental concern, having been detected in multiple aquatic species. However, very little is known about the presence of MPs in higher trophic level species, including cetaceans. We worked with community based monitors and Inuvialuit hunters from Tuktoyaktuk (Northwest Territories, Canada) to sample seven beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in 2017 and 2018. Microplastics were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts in every whale. We estimate that each whale contained 18 to 147 MPs in their GI tract (average of 97 ± 42 per individual). FTIR-spectroscopy revealed over eight plastic polymer types, with nearly half being polyester. Fibres made up 49% of MPs. The diversity of MP shapes and polymeric identities in beluga points to a complex source scenario, and ultimately raises questions regarding the significance and long-term exposure of this pollutant in this ecologically and culturally valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Moore
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada; Simon Fraser University, Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - L Loseto
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
| | - M Noel
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
| | - A Etemadifar
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
| | - J D Brewster
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
| | - S MacPhee
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.
| | - L Bendell
- Simon Fraser University, Biological Sciences, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - P S Ross
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, 845 Avison Way, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada.
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280
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Li L, Liu D, Song K, Zhou Y. Performance evaluation of MBR in treating microplastics polyvinylchloride contaminated polluted surface water. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110724. [PMID: 31759635 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The microplastics removal and its effects on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating polluted surface water in drinking purpose was investigated in this study. Typical microplastics polyvinylchloride (PVC) with concentration 10 particles/L was added in the feed water. MBR was effective in treating organic matters and ammonia with removal rate over 80% and 95%, respectively. The removal performance was immediately inhibited with the microplastics PVC added into the MBR system, and recovered after operated for few days. The membrane fouling and cleaning results indicated that microplastics contamination could led to higher membrane fouling, and also the irreversible membrane fouling. The main contributor of rejection is the membrane module and the adsorption onto bio-carrier. The microbial community of the system before and after PVC addition did not show obvious difference. MBR has the potential to be used as effective technology in treating microplastics contaminated polluted surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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281
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Qu M, Luo L, Yang Y, Kong Y, Wang D. Nanopolystyrene-induced microRNAs response in Caenorhabditis elegans after long-term and lose-dose exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134131. [PMID: 31476495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) usually act post-transcriptionally to suppress the expression of many targeted genes. However, the response of miRNAs to nanoplastics is still unclear. We here employed Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the response of miRNAs to 100 nm nanopolystyrene at a predicted environmental concentration (1 μg/L). After exposure from L1-larvae to adult day-3, we found that 7 miRNAs (4 down-regulated (mir-39, mir-76, mir-794, and mir-1830) and 3 up-regulated (mir-35, mir-38, and mir-354)) were dysregulated by nanopolystyrene. Expressions of these 7 miRNAs were dose-dependent in nematodes exposed to 1-100 μg/L nanopolystyrene. Among these 7 miRNAs, we found that only mir-35, mir-38, mir-76, mir-354, and mir-794 were involved in the regulation of response to nanopolystyrene based on phenotypic analysis of both transgenic strains and mutant nematodes. Overexpression of mir-35, mir-38, or mir-354 induced a resistance to nanopolystyrene toxicity, and overexpression of mir-76 or mir-794 induced a susceptibility to nanopolystyrene toxicity, which suggested that these 5 miRNAs mediated a protective response to nanopolystyrene. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis further implied that mir-35, mir-38, mir-76, mir-354, and mir-794 were associated with various biological processes and signaling pathways. Our results suggest the crucial role of a certain number of miRNAs in response to nanopolystyrene after long-term and low-dose exposure in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Libo Luo
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213011, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213011, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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282
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Chang X, Xue Y, Li J, Zou L, Tang M. Potential health impact of environmental micro‐ and nanoplastics pollution. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:4-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public HealthSoutheast University Nanjing People's Republic of China
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283
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Wu D, Liu Z, Cai M, Jiao Y, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao Y. Molecular characterisation of cytochrome P450 enzymes in waterflea (Daphnia pulex) and their expression regulation by polystyrene nanoplastics. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105350. [PMID: 31730932 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are one of the largest protein families, and they metabolise a wide range of lipophilic organic endogenous and exogenous compounds. Many cytochrome P450 genes have been cloned and characterised, and they are frequently used as biomarkers in environmental toxicology studies because of their sensitivity and inducibility. In the present study, the full-length cDNAs of DpCYP370B and DpCYP4 were cloned from Daphnia pulex for the first time. The sequence of DpCYP370B consisted of an ORF of 1515 bp that encoded a 504 amino acid polypeptide, while the sequence of DpCYP4 comprised an ORF of 1527 bp that encoded a 508 amino acid polypeptide. Homologous alignments revealed the presence of a conserved cysteine haeme-iron ligand signature, FxxGxxxCxG, located in the C-terminal portion. Both the proteins contained a sequence for a transmembrane region that was deduced to be located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Subsequently, the expression levels of DpCYP370B and DpCYP4, as well as those of CYP4AN1, CYP4C33, and CYP4C34, were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR after exposure to five polystyrene nanoplastic concentrations: 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L for 21 days. Except for DpCYP4, the highest mRNA expression was observed at 0.5 mg/L nanoplastics; next, the expression of three of the enzymes (DpCYP370B, CYP4AN1, CYP4C34,) decreased to that of the control level at 1 and 2 mg/L doses of nanoplastics. The expression of DpCYP4 did not significantly change compared with that of the control group. These results indicated that CYP genes might play an important role in protecting D. pulex against nanoplastic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mingqi Cai
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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284
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Qu M, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Rui Q, Kong Y, Wang D. Identification of long non-coding RNAs in response to nanopolystyrene in Caenorhabditis elegans after long-term and low-dose exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113137. [PMID: 31541829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential adverse effects of nanoplastics, such as nanopolystyrene, have received the great attention recently. However, the molecular response of organisms to nanoplastics is still largely unknown. In this study, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model to investigate the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in response to long-term exposure to low-dose nanopolystyrene (100 nm). Based on Hiseq 2000 sequencing and qRT-PCR confirmation, we identified 36 lncRNAs (21 down-regulated lncRNAs and 15 up-regulated lncRNAs) in response to nanopolystyrene (1 μg/L). Using intestinal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and locomotion behavior as endpoints, we found that RNAi knockdown of linc-2, linc-9, or linc-61 induced a susceptibility to nanopolystyrene toxicity, and RNAi knockdown of linc-18 or linc-50 induced a resistance to nanopolystyrene toxicity. Meanwhile, nanopolystyrene (1 μg/L) increased expressions of linc-2, linc-9, linc-18, and linc-61 and decreased linc-50 expression, suggesting that these 5 lncRNAs mediated two different responses to nanopolystyrene exposure. Bioinformatical analysis implied that these 5 lncRNAs were associated with multiple biological processes and signaling pathways. Our results demonstrated the crucial roles of lncRNAs in response to long-term exposure to low-dose nanopolystyrene in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingyue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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285
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Yu F, Yang C, Zhu Z, Bai X, Ma J. Adsorption behavior of organic pollutants and metals on micro/nanoplastics in the aquatic environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133643. [PMID: 31756812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris becomes currently a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and is susceptible to contamination by many other pollutants, including aqueous metals and organic matter. This review summarizes the effects of environmental factors on the properties and sorption behavior of microplastics, presents a further discussion on the fate of microplastics adsorption on contaminants, and critically discusses the mechanism of sorption behaviors between micro/nanoplastics and normal contaminants. Previous references indicated that the hydrophobicity and particle sizes of microplastics were the dominant influence factors for virgin plastic debris adsorption, whereas for aged microplastics, hydrogen bonding, hydrophilicity and increasing specific surface ratio affected the adsorption behavior. The effects of pH and salinity always influence the sorption conditions by changing the charge state of microplastics and contaminants and causing competing adsorption. In addition, the existence of microplastics affects biotoxicity, increases the dissolved organic matter in the environment, and influences carbon cycling. The knowledge is fundamental to the assessment of potential risks posed by microplastics to organisms from human beings to the entire environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Changfu Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhilin Zhu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xueting Bai
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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286
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Fang S, Yu W, Li C, Liu Y, Qiu J, Kong F. Adsorption behavior of three triazole fungicides on polystyrene microplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:1119-1126. [PMID: 31466193 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by microplastics (MPs) and pesticides has become a global challenge, and increasing evidence shows that MPs can adsorb organic pollutants which may affect their distribution and bioavailability. As widely used pesticides, triazole fungicides with potential environmental and human safety risks often coexist with MPs in the environment. Understanding the adsorption behavior is the basis of risk assessment of co-exposure of MPs and triazole fungicides. In this study, the adsorption behavior of three commonly used triazole fungicides on polystyrene (PS) was studied using adsorption test. The influences of PS particle size and environmental factors on adsorption capacity were evaluated, and the adsorption mechanisms were discussed. Results suggested that the adsorption kinetics and isotherm conformed to the Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model, respectively. The order of adsorption and desorption capacity was hexaconazole (HEX) > myclobutanil (MYC) > triadimenol (TRI), which was positively correlated with LogKow of pesticides. To a certain extent, the decrease in PS particle size and change in solution pH value and increase in salt ion strength all contribute to increasing adsorption capacity. The main mechanisms of adsorption were hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. MPs can adsorb and may become the source and sink of triazole fungicides in aqueous environments. Our results demonstrate that more attention should be given to the combined water pollution risk of MPs and triazoles fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Fang
- Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Weisong Yu
- Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chengliang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yuedong Liu
- Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Fanyu Kong
- Laboratory of Tobacco and Aromatic Plants Quality and Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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287
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Qu M, Nida A, Kong Y, Du H, Xiao G, Wang D. Nanopolystyrene at predicted environmental concentration enhances microcystin-LR toxicity by inducing intestinal damage in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109568. [PMID: 31437729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We employed nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to determine the combinational effect between nanopolystyrene at predicted environmental concentration and microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Prolonged exposure to nanopolystyrene (1 μg/L) increased MC-LR (0.1 μg/L) toxicity in reducing brood size and locomotion behavior and in inducing oxidative stress. Moreover, the adsorption of MC-LR by nanopolystyrene particles played an important role in inducing the enhancement in MC-LR toxicity by nanopolystyrene particles. Additionally, only exposure to resuspension of nanopolystyrene (1 μg/L) caused the increased intestinal permeability in MC-LR (0.1 μg/L) exposed nematodes. Our data indicates the potential of nanopolystyrene at predicted environmental concentration in enhancing MC-LR toxicity on environmental organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Akram Nida
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, 404100, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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288
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Yuan W, Zhou Y, Liu X, Wang J. New Perspective on the Nanoplastics Disrupting the Reproduction of an Endangered Fern in Artificial Freshwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12715-12724. [PMID: 31618585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential risks of micro/nanoplastics on the ecological environment, particularly aquatic fauna, have been realized in recent years. However, information about its potential effects on aquatic plants is scarce. In this study, a four-week exposure experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying polystyrene nanoplastics concentration (PS-NPs, 0-100 μg/mL) on the early development of an endangered aquatic plant, Ceratopteris pteridoides. Fluorescent observations demonstrated that PS-NPs were adsorbed and accumulated on the spore surface of C. pteridoides rapidly and massively with increasing exposure concentration and time. The adsorption and accumulation of PS-NPs on the spore surface posed a negative effect on spore imbibition, causing 2.3-22.4% reduction in final spore size. Spore germination and gametophyte sex differentiation were both negatively affected by PS-NP exposure, resulting in 10.4-88.0% inhibition in germination ratio and 2.9-53.4% reduction in hermaphroditic gametophyte ratio. Additionally, PS-NPs were observed to penetrate into the roots of gametophytes. Higher concentration of PS-NPs (100 μg/mL) can even induce pathological changes on gametophytes, although with a low incidence (4.9%). The results above indicated that exposure to PS-NPs caused a series of disruptions from the spore imbibition to germination and gametophyte stages, and are likely to pose an eco-physiological risk on the reproductive success of endangered ferns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology , Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology , Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology , Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology , Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
- College of Marine Sciences , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, College of Life Sciences , Hainan Normal University , Haikou 571158 , P. R. China
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289
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Akdogan Z, Guven B. Microplastics in the environment: A critical review of current understanding and identification of future research needs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113011. [PMID: 31404735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (plastic particles <5 mm) are a contaminant of increasing ecotoxicological concern in aquatic environments, as well as for human health. Although microplastic pollution is widespread across the land, water, and air, these environments are commonly considered independently; however, in reality are closely linked. This study aims to review the scientific literature related microplastic research in different environmental compartments and to identify the research gaps for the assessment of future research priorities. Over 200 papers involving microplastic pollution, published between 2006 and 2018, are identified in the Web of Science database. The original research articles in 'Environmental Sciences', 'Marine/Freshwater Biology', 'Toxicology', 'Multidisciplinary Sciences', 'Environmental Studies', 'Oceanography', 'Limnology' and 'Ecology' categories of Web of Science are selected to investigate microplastic research in seas, estuaries, rivers, lakes, soil and atmosphere. The papers identified for seas, estuaries, rivers and lakes are further classified according to (i) occurrence and characterization (ii) uptake by and effects in organisms, and (iii) fate and transport issues. The results reveal that whilst marine microplastics have received substantial scientific research, the extent of microplastic pollution in continental environments, such as rivers, lakes, soil and air, and environmental interactions, remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Akdogan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Guven
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
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290
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Rodrigues MO, Abrantes N, Gonçalves FJM, Nogueira H, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. Impacts of plastic products used in daily life on the environment and human health: What is known? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 72:103239. [PMID: 31472322 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are indispensable and persistent materials used in daily life that can be fragmented into micro- or nanoplastics. They are long polymer chains mixed with additives that can be toxic when in contact with distinct species. The toxicity can result from polymer matrix, additives, degradation products and adsorbed contaminants. Notwithstanding, there is still an immense gap of information concerning the individual and mixed impacts of plastics. Hence, in this study, we characterize the most common plastic materials widely used in our daily life by its polymer type and compile the environmental and human health hazards of these polymers including the impacts of monomers, additives, degradation products and adsorbed contaminants based on literature review. In summary, polyvinyl chloride is the most toxic polymer type used daily (monomer and additives); additives are more toxic than monomers to wildlife and humans; and the most toxic additives are benzene, phthalates and lead stabilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Rodrigues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - N Abrantes
- Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - F J M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - H Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J C Marques
- MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; MARE, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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291
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Vicentini DS, Nogueira DJ, Melegari SP, Arl M, Köerich JS, Cruz L, Justino NM, Oscar BV, Puerari RC, da Silva MLN, Simioni C, Ouriques LC, Matias MS, de Castilhos Junior AB, Matias WG. Toxicological Evaluation and Quantification of Ingested Metal-Core Nanoplastic by Daphnia magna Through Fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:2101-2110. [PMID: 31233230 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies on nanoplastic that propose quantification of the amount ingested combined with evaluation of the toxic effects on aquatic organisms. We propose 2 methods to quantify the amount of polystyrene nanoplastic (PSNP) ingested by Daphnia magna: fluorescence intensity, where a fluorescent monomer (F) is added to the PSNP and quantified through fluorescence light microscopy, and total aluminum quantification, where PSNP is synthesized with Al2 O3 metal-core nanoparticles and used for quantification of the nanoplastic ingested by the organism Daphnia magna using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. In addition, the PSNP was functionalized with palmitic acid to simulate the environmental conditions leading to biological and chemical transformations. Acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with fluorescent PSNP (PSNP/F) and palmitic acid-functionalized PSNP/F (PSNP/F-PA). The ingestion quantified was higher by factors of 2.8 and 3.0 for PSNP/F-PA and 1.9 and 1.7 for PSNP/F applying the fluorescence intensity and total Al quantifying methods, respectively, when compared to PSNP. These results are consistent with the data obtained in the toxicity tests, which showed an approximately 3 times increase in the adverse effect of PSNP/F-PA on the mobility and reproduction of the organisms. Thus, the strong inhibition of D. magna reproduction caused by PSNP/F-PA in the chronic toxicity tests could be associated with a greater amount of this nanoplastic being ingested by the organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2101-2110. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denice Schulz Vicentini
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Diego José Nogueira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Miriam Arl
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Schveitzer Köerich
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cruz
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Naiara Mottim Justino
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bianca Vicente Oscar
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa Puerari
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marlon Luiz Neves da Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carmen Simioni
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luciane Cristina Ouriques
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Seleme Matias
- Solid Waste Research Laboratory, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior
- Solid Waste Research Laboratory, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - William Gerson Matias
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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292
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Lin W, Jiang R, Hu S, Xiao X, Wu J, Wei S, Xiong Y, Ouyang G. Investigating the toxicities of different functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics on Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:509-516. [PMID: 31125795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) spread widely with water and air current, and they can accumulate in aquatic organisms, even penetrating biofilms, which may cause persistent toxicity and potential hazards. This current study aimed to reveal the toxicological mechanism of different functionalized polystyrene (PS) NPs on Daphnia magna (D. magna) by investigating toxicity endpoints in individual level and biochemical level. In this study, acute toxicity, behavioral parameters and biomarker responses of D. magna was measured in the exposure of different functionalized PS NPs (plain PS, PS-p-NH2, PS-n-NH2 and PS-COOH). The results indicated that when exposed to the plain PS, ROS induction would activate MAPKs, thereby causing lethality and adverse behavior effects on D. magna; while the functionalized PS NPs were less toxic than the plain PS, especially for PS-p-NH2 which was severely flocculated after exposure, thus showing no immobilization at the investigated concentrations. Also, the antioxidant system was mainly stimulated due to the direct interaction with the cell surface receptor, which was different from the plain PS. Consequently, this work suggests significant effects of functional groups on NPs for environmental toxicity studies, and provides a better understanding of the toxicological mechanism on the toxicity of PS NPs toward D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruifen Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Sizi Hu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoying Xiao
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Songbo Wei
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yaxin Xiong
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Center of Advanced Analysis and Computational Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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293
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González-Soto N, Hatfield J, Katsumiti A, Duroudier N, Lacave JM, Bilbao E, Orbea A, Navarro E, Cajaraville MP. Impacts of dietary exposure to different sized polystyrene microplastics alone and with sorbed benzo[a]pyrene on biomarkers and whole organism responses in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:548-566. [PMID: 31154227 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their hydrophobicity and relatively large surface area, microplastics (MPs) can act as carriers of hydrophobic pollutants in the ocean and may facilitate their transfer to organisms. This study examined effects of dietary exposure to polystyrene MPs of 0.5 and 4.5 μm alone and with sorbed benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in order to elucidate the effects of MP size and the presence of sorbed BaP on the organism. MPs were provided daily, mixed with algae, during 26 days at equivalent mass (0.058 mg/L), corresponding to 1000 particles/mL for 4.5 μm MPs and to 7.44 × 105 particles/mL for 0.5 μm MPs. Effects were determined on early cellular biomarkers in hemocytes, structure and cell type composition of digestive tubules (DTs), histopathology and whole organism responses (condition index (CI), clearance rate (CR), food absorption efficiency (AE), respiration rate (RR) and scope for growth (SFG)). BaP concentrations in mussels increased with time, in particular when sorbed to smaller MPs. Large MPs were abundant in the lumen of stomach and DTs, but were also occasionally found within epithelial cells. Effects in all treatments increased with exposure time. MPs with sorbed BaP were more toxic than MPs alone according to hemocyte viability and catalase activity and to the quantitative structure of DT epithelium. Higher toxicity of small MPs compared to larger ones was recorded for DNA damage and cell composition of DTs. At tissue level a slight increase in prevalence of inflammatory responses occurred in all exposed groups. At whole organism level a compensatory effect was observed on absorption efficiency across MP treatments at day 26, resulting in increased SFG in mussels exposed to small MPs with sorbed BaP. This could be related to an increased energy need to deal with stress observed in biomarkers. Further work is required to understand the Trojan horse effect of a variety of plastic type, size, shape combinations together with a wide variety of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore González-Soto
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Joseph Hatfield
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Duroudier
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - José María Lacave
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Orbea
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Animal Physiology Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain
| | - Miren P Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Plentzia Marine Station, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Basque Country, Spain.
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294
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Poma A, Vecchiotti G, Colafarina S, Zarivi O, Aloisi M, Arrizza L, Chichiriccò G, Di Carlo P. In Vitro Genotoxicity of Polystyrene Nanoparticles on the Human Fibroblast Hs27 Cell Line. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1299. [PMID: 31514347 PMCID: PMC6781270 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have provided information on environmental nanoplastic particles/debris, but the in vitro cyto-genotoxicity is still insufficiently characterized. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PNPs) in the Hs27 cell line. The viability of Hs27 cells was determined following exposure at different time windows and PNP concentrations. The genotoxic effects of the PNPs were evaluated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay after exposure to PNPs. We performed ROS analysis on HS27 cells to detect reactive oxygen species at different times and treatments in the presence of PNPs alone and PNPs added to the Crocus sativus L. extract. The different parameters of the CBMN test showed DNA damage, resulting in the increased formation of micronuclei and nuclear buds. We noted a greater increase in ROS production in the short treatment times, in contrast, PNPs added to Crocus sativus showed the ability to extract, thus reducing ROS production. Finally, the SEM-EDX analysis showed a three-dimensional structure of the PNPs with an elemental composition given by C and O. This work defines PNP toxicity resulting in DNA damage and underlines the emerging problem of polystyrene nanoparticles, which extends transversely from the environment to humans; further studies are needed to clarify the internalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vecchiotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimo Aloisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arrizza
- Center for Microscopy, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chichiriccò
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Di Carlo
- Department of Psychological, Health & Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine-Ce.S.I.-Me.T. University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
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295
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De Felice B, Sabatini V, Antenucci S, Gattoni G, Santo N, Bacchetta R, Ortenzi MA, Parolini M. Polystyrene microplastics ingestion induced behavioral effects to the cladoceran Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:423-431. [PMID: 31146134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (μPs) contamination represents a dramatic environmental problem threatening both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Although several studies have highlighted the presence of μPs in aquatic environments, the information regarding their toxicity towards organisms is still scant. Moreover, most of the ecotoxicological studies of μPs have focused on marine organisms, largely neglecting the effects on freshwater species. The present study aimed at exploring the effects caused by 21-days exposure to three concentrations (0.125, 1.25 and 12.5 μg/mL) of two differently sized polystyrene microplastics (PμPs; 1 and 10 μm) to the Cladoceran Daphnia magna. The ingestion/egestion capability of daphnids (<24 h) and adults, the changes in individual growth and behavior, in terms of changes in swimming activity, phototactic behavior and reproduction, were investigated. Both particles filled the digestive tract of daphnids and adults within 24 h of exposure at all the tested concentrations. Ingested PμPs remained in the digestive tract even after 96 h in a clean medium. For both particles, an overall increase in body size of adults was noted at the end of the exposure to the highest tested concentrations, accompanied by a significant increase in swimming activity, in terms of distance moved and swimming velocity, and by an alteration of the phototactic behavior. A significant increase in the mean number of offspring after the exposure to the highest PμPs concentrations of different size was recorded. Polystyrene μPs can affect behavioral traits of D. magna leading to potentially harmful consequences on population dynamics of this zooplanktonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Sabatini
- Laboratory of Materials and Polymers (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Antenucci
- Laboratory of Materials and Polymers (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gattoni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Santo
- Unitech NOLIMITS, Imaging Facility, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Bacchetta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Aldo Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Materials and Polymers (LaMPo), Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, via Golgi 19, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133, Milan, Italy.
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296
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Tourinho PS, Kočí V, Loureiro S, van Gestel CAM. Partitioning of chemical contaminants to microplastics: Sorption mechanisms, environmental distribution and effects on toxicity and bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1246-1256. [PMID: 31252122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness of the threats posed by the worldwide presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Due to their high persistence, MPs will accumulate in the environment and their quantities tend to increase with time. MPs end up in environments where often also chemical contaminants are present. Since the early 2000s, the number of studies on the sorption of chemicals to plastic particles has exponentially increased. The objective of this study was to critically review the literature to identify the most important factors affecting the sorption of chemical contaminants to MPs. These factors include the physicochemical properties of both the MPs and the chemical contaminants as well as environmental characteristics. A limited number of studies on soil together with an increased notion of the importance of this compartment as a final sink for MPs was observed. Therefore, we assessed the distribution of model chemicals (two PCBs and phenanthrene) in the soil compartment in the presence of MPs using a mass balance model. The results showed a high variation among chemicals and microplastic types. Overall, a higher partitioning to MPs of chemical contaminants in soil is expected in comparison to aquatic environments. As sorption to a large extent determines bioavailability, the effects of combined exposure to chemicals and MPs on the toxicity and bioaccumulation in biota are discussed. Finally, some considerations regarding sorption and toxicity studies using MPs are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Kočí
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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297
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Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang S, Fang H, Wang D. Aquatic behavior and toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastic particles with different functional groups: Complex roles of pH, dissolved organic carbon and divalent cations. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:195-203. [PMID: 31029965 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we systematically examined the roles of water chemistry (pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and divalent cations) and particle surface functionality that control the aqueous stability, aggregation, and toxicity of engineered nanoplastic particles in simulated natural environmental conditions. Model polystyrene latex nanoparticles (PLNPs) with three different functional groups, namely unmodified (uPLNPs), amine-modified (aPLNPs), and carboxyl-modified (cPLNPs), were investigated. Results indicate that the presence of only DOC increased the surface charge and exhibited negligible effects on the size distribution of the PLNPs in aqueous suspensions. The presence of the divalent cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) was observed to decrease the surface charge and increase the size of the PLNPs. The coexistence of DOC and the divalent cations enhanced the extent of aggregation of the PLNPs in the water columns. The surface modification and pH were sensitive factors influencing the stability of PLNPs during long-term suspension when DOC and the divalent cations coexisted. Direct visual further testified the conclusions on the combined effects of solution and surface chemistry parameters. Furthermore, in situ transmission electron microscope observations revealed that the enhancement of PLNP aggregation in the presence of DOC and the divalent cation was caused by bridge formation. Toxicity test indicated the PLNPs exhibited acute toxicity and physical damage to Daphnia magna. The more complex the solution conditions, the more toxicity the aPLNPs and cPLNPs. Analysis of mode of toxic action implied that the PLNPs mainly caused the accumulation of oxidative damage to the gut of D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Se Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hao Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Degao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
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298
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Peixoto D, Amorim J, Pinheiro C, Oliva-Teles L, Varó I, de Medeiros Rocha R, Vieira MN. Uptake and effects of different concentrations of spherical polymer microparticles on Artemia franciscana. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:211-218. [PMID: 30933895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Artemia cysts have a huge economic importance for the aquaculture sector due to the fact that they are used as live feed for larviculture. Microplastics (MPs) are common and emergent pollutants in the aquatic environments, with unknown and potential long-term effects on planktonic species such as Artemia spp. When used as live feed, Artemia could transfer contaminants to fish along the food chain, with possible adverse effects on human health through their consumption. This study aims to assess the uptake of different concentrations of spherical polymer microparticles (FRM) (1-5 μm diameter) and their associated chronic effects on feeding, growth, mortality, and reproductive success from juvenile to adult stage of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Individuals were exposed for 44 days to 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg.L-1 of FRM. No significant detrimental effects on growth, ingestion and mortality rates of A. franciscana were observed in all tested conditions. However, reproductive success was strongly affected by the increase of MP concentrations. The results of the present study showed that A. franciscana juveniles and adults were able to survive different experimental MP concentrations, but their reproductive success and progeny were significantly impacted by exposure to FRM particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - João Amorim
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Luís Oliva-Teles
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inmaculada Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, 12595, Spain.
| | - Renato de Medeiros Rocha
- Department of Geography, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus de Caicó, Rua Joaquim Gregório, s/n, Penedo, CEP 59300-000, Caicó, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Natividade Vieira
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research - University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Edifício FC4 2.47, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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299
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Trevisan R, Voy C, Chen S, Di Giulio RT. Nanoplastics Decrease the Toxicity of a Complex PAH Mixture but Impair Mitochondrial Energy Production in Developing Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8405-8415. [PMID: 31259535 PMCID: PMC6660138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are recognized as a worldwide threat to the environment, possibly affecting human health and wildlife. Small forms of plastics such as micro- and nanoplastics can interact with other organic contaminants, potentially acting as chemical carriers and modulating their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (Nano-PS) and a real-world environmental PAH mixture (Elizabeth River Sediment Extract, ERSE, comprised of 36 detected PAHs) to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Embryos were exposed to Nano-PS (0.1-10 ppm) or ERSE (0.1-5% v/v, equivalent to ΣPAH 5.07-25.36 ppb) or coexposed to a combination of both. Larvae exposed to Nano-PS did not exhibit developmental defects, while larvae exposed to ERSE (2-5%) showed classic signs of PAH toxicity such as heart malformation and deformities in the jaw, fin, and tail. ERSE (5%) also impaired vascular development in the brain. When coexposed, Nano-PS decreased the developmental deformities and impaired vascular development caused by ERSE. This was strongly correlated to the lower PAH bioaccumulation detected in the coexposed animals (whole larvae, as well as the yolk sac, brain, and heart). Our data suggest that PAHs are sorbing to the surface of the Nano-PS, decreasing the concentration, uptake, and toxicity of free PAHs during the exposure. Such sorption of PAHs increases the agglomeration rate of Nano-PS during the exposure time, potentially decreasing the uptake of Nano-PS and associated PAHs. Despite that, similar induction of EROD activity was detected in animals exposed to ERSE in the presence or not of Nano-PS, suggesting that enough PAHs were accumulated in the organisms to induce cellular defense mechanisms. Nano-PS exposure (single or combined with ERSE) decreased the mitochondrial coupling efficiency and increased NADH production, suggesting an impairment on ATP production accompanied by a compensatory mechanism. Our data indicate that nanoplastics can sorb contaminants and potentially decrease their uptake due to particle agglomeration. Nanoplastics also target and disrupt mitochondrial energy production and act as vectors for the mitochondrial uptake of sorbed contaminants during embryonic and larval stages. Such negative effects of nanoplastics on energy metabolism and efficiency could be detrimental under multiple-stressors exposures and energy-demanding scenarios, which remains to be validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Trevisan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ciara Voy
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shuxin Chen
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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300
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Hu D, Shen M, Zhang Y, Li H, Zeng G. Microplastics and nanoplastics: would they affect global biodiversity change? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19997-20002. [PMID: 31102222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05414-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics, new emerging contaminants, are ubiquitously found in the environment due to continuous release and accumulation. Widespread micro(nano)plastics can increase their exposure to organisms, pose threats to the ecological environment and human health, and potentially result in global biodiversity changes. Research has been started on micro(nano)plastics regarding their environmental distribution, contamination sources, and methods and technologies for analysis, as well as the environmental impacts and ecological effects on organisms ingesting micro(nano)plastics. However, limited information focused on the consequences of global biodiversity has been reported and the research approaches on biodiversity change caused by micro(nano)plastics are still seldom developed. Recently, researchers in environmental and ecological groups have begun to be conscious of the relationship between micro(nano)plastics and biodiversity. Even so, more efforts are needed to assess the impacts of micro(nano)plastics on this subject, as well as the interactions between organisms and micro(nano)plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duofei Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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