251
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Li H, Fu L, Yang B, Chen H, Ma J, Wu R. Cyclosporine Monotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Non-severe Aplastic Anemia: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:805197. [PMID: 35342744 PMCID: PMC8948483 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.805197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The management of children with non-severe aplastic anemia (NSAA) is undefined and the efficacies and benefits of immunosuppressive therapy remain inconsistent. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Cyclosporine (CsA) monotherapy for pediatric NSAA. Methods Clinical data of children with NSAA who had been treated with CsA monotherapy at the outpatient department of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Children's Medical Center from January 2017 to March 2021 was collected retrospectively. Patients who had been treated <1 years until the end of follow-up were excluded. Transfusion-independent NSAA was further divided into moderate NSAA and mild NSAA according to the degree of cytopenia. Progression was defined as the development of transfusion-dependent AA or SAA and relapse was considered when treatment failed after initial response. Results A total of 95 pediatric patients with NSAA were enrolled in this study with 49 (51.6%) patients confirmed as mild NSAA, 38 (40%) as moderate NSAA and 8 (8.4%) as transfusion-dependent NSAA. The median treatment time of CsA was 22 (12–44) months. The overall response rate (ORR) was 57.9%, with 30.5% CR and 27.4% PR. Unexpectedly, patients with mild NSAA acquired lowest ORR (46.9%), then patients with moderate NSAA (63.2%), while 8 patients who were transfusion-dependent all had an active response to CsA. The granulocyte and megakaryocyte response was 46.9 and 55.8% respectively, while the erythrocyte response rate was as low as 22.5%. Univariate analyses revealed that patients with lower platelet count and higher interleukin 10 level predict an active response to CsA while higher level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) tended to be a negative factor. Data of Treg cells before and after 1 year's treatment was available in a total number of 40 patients. Paired comparison found that the percentage of Treg cells in CD4+ T cells was decreased after 1 year's treatment of CsA (6.78 ± 2.72 vs. 5.23 ± 2.06, P = 0.001),both in responders and non-responders. The degree of decline in Treg cells between two distinctive response groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). With a median follow-up time of 22 months, 10.9% of responders relapsed and maintained NSAA while 27.5% of non-responders progressed to SAA or became transfusion-dependent. The overall progression rate was 11.6%. Conclusion CsA monotherapy had heterogeneous effects in the treatment of children NSAA Treatment approaches should be hierarchical and individual in clinical. Patients with lower platelet count and higher interleukin 10 level predicted an active response to CsA. While higher level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) tended to be a negative factor. The percentage of Treg cells in CD4+ T cells was decreased broadly after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Li
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Fu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bixi Yang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Hematology Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Runhui Wu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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252
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Corradi G, Bassani B, Simonetti G, Sangaletti S, Vadakekolathu J, Fontana MC, Pazzaglia M, Gulino A, Tripodo C, Cristiano G, Bandini L, Ottaviani E, Ocadlikova D, Piccioli M, Martinelli G, Colombo MP, Rutella S, Cavo M, Ciciarello M, Curti A. Release of IFN-γ by acute myeloid leukemia cells remodels bone marrow immune microenvironment by inducing regulatory T cells. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3141-3155. [PMID: 35349670 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The stromal and immune bone marrow (BM) landscape is emerging as a crucial determinant for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in the AML microenvironment, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Here, we addressed the effect of IFN-γ released by AML cells in BM Tregs induction and its impact on AML prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BM aspirates from AML patients were subdivided according to IFNG expression. Gene expression profiles in INFGhigh and IFNGlow samples were compared by microarray and NanoString analysis and used to compute a prognostic index. The IFN-g release effect on the BM microenvironment was investigated in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)/AML cell co-cultures. In mice, AML cells silenced for IFN-γ expression were injected intrabone. RESULTS IFNGhigh AMLsamples showed an upregulation of inflammatory genes, usually correlated with a good prognosis in cancer. By contrast, in AML patients, high IFNG expression associated with poor overall survival. Notably, IFN-g release by AML cells positively correlated with a higher BM suppressive Tregs' frequency. In co-culture experiments, IFNGhigh AML cells modified MSC transcriptome by up-regulating IFN-γ-dependent genes related to Treg induction, including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). IDO1 inhibitor abrogated the effect of IFN-γ release by AML cells on MSC-derived Treg induction. Invivo, the genetic ablation of IFN-γ production by AML cells reduced MSC IDO1 expression and Treg infiltration, hindering AML engraftment. CONCLUSIONS IFN-g release by AML cells induces an immune-regulatory program in MSCs and remodels BM immunological landscape toward Treg induction, contributing to an immunotolerant microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corradi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Universit� di Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Simonetti
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, FC, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Cristiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Universit� di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bandini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia, Italy
| | | | | | - Milena Piccioli
- 8Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola (FC), Italy
| | | | - Sergio Rutella
- Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NA, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Cavo
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia, Bologna, Italy
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253
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Barnes MVC, Openshaw PJM, Thwaites RS. Mucosal Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071153. [PMID: 35406717 PMCID: PMC8997753 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite over half a century of research, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis remains a major cause of hospitalisation in infancy, while vaccines and specific therapies still await development. Our understanding of mucosal immune responses to RSV continues to evolve, but recent studies again highlight the role of Type-2 immune responses in RSV disease and hint at the possibility that it dampens Type-1 antiviral immunity. Other immunoregulatory pathways implicated in RSV disease highlight the importance of focussing on localised mucosal responses in the respiratory mucosa, as befits a virus that is essentially confined to the ciliated respiratory epithelium. In this review, we discuss studies of mucosal immune cell infiltration and production of inflammatory mediators in RSV bronchiolitis and relate these studies to observations from peripheral blood. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of studying the nasal mucosa in a disease that is most severe in the lower airway. A fresh focus on studies of RSV pathogenesis in the airway mucosa is set to revolutionise our understanding of this common and important infection.
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254
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Role and Function of Regulatory T Cell in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1144563. [PMID: 35378904 PMCID: PMC8976649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1144563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis characterized by high edema in the stroma, albumin deposition, and formation of pseudocysts. The pathogenesis of CRSwNP is not yet fully understood. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that play a suppressive immunoregulatory role in the process of CRSwNP. Recent studies have found that there was a significant reduction in Treg cells in polyp tissues, which leads to the onset of CRSwNP. An imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells can also aggravate inflammation toward the Th2 type. This review focuses on our understanding of the function and role of Treg cells and their regulatory factors and clinical significance in CRSwNP. We also summarize the current drug treatments for CRSwNP with Tregs as the potential therapeutic target, which will provide new ideas for the treatment of CRSwNP in the future.
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255
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Hoshino A, Boutboul D, Zhang Y, Kuehn HS, Hadjadj J, Özdemir N, Celkan T, Walz C, Picard C, Lenoir C, Mahlaoui N, Klein C, Peng X, Azar A, Reigh E, Cheminant M, Fischer A, Rieux-Laucat F, Callebaut I, Hauck F, Milner J, Rosenzweig SD, Latour S. Gain-of-function IKZF1 variants in humans cause immune dysregulation associated with abnormal T/B cell late differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi7160. [PMID: 35333544 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi7160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IKZF1/IKAROS is a key transcription factor of lymphocyte development expressed throughout hematopoiesis. Heterozygous germline IKZF1 haploinsufficient (IKZF1HI) and dominant-negative (IKZF1DN) variants in humans cause B cell immune deficiency and combined immunodeficiency. Here, we identified previously unidentified heterozygous IKZF1 variants (R183C/H) located in the DNA binding domain in eight individuals with inflammatory, autoimmune, allergic symptoms, and abnormal plasma cell (PC) proliferation. Leukocytes of patients exhibited specific defects including impaired IL-2 production by T cells, T helper (TH) skewing toward TH2, low numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg), eosinophilia, and abnormal PC proliferation. In contrast to IKZF1HI and IKZF1DN, IKZF1R183H/C proteins showed increased DNA binding associated with increased gene expression of TH2 and PC differentiation, thus demonstrating that IKZF1R183H/C behave as gain-of-function (GOF) alleles. In vitro treatment with lenalidomide, known to degrade IKZF1, corrected TH2 and PC abnormalities caused by IKZF1R183H/C. These data extend the spectrum of pathological mechanisms associated with IKZF1 deficiencies and highlight the role of IKZF1 in late lymphoid differentiation stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hoshino
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerôme Hadjadj
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Özdemir
- Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tiraje Celkan
- Cerrahpasa Medical University, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christoph Walz
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Christelle Lenoir
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao Peng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antoine Azar
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology and the Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin Reigh
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgane Cheminant
- Department of Adult Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alain Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmunity, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV infection, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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256
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Zhao J, Wei K, Chang C, Xu L, Jiang P, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. DNA Methylation of T Lymphocytes as a Therapeutic Target: Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis Etiology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863703. [PMID: 35309322 PMCID: PMC8927780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint damage and disability. Epigenetic variation, especially DNA methylation, has been shown to be involved in almost all the stages of the pathology of RA, from autoantibody production to various self-effector T cells and the defects of protective T cells that can lead to chronic inflammation and erosion of bones and joints. Given the critical role of T cells in the pathology of RA, the regulatory functions of DNA methylation in T cell biology remain unclear. In this review, we elaborate on the relationship between RA pathogenesis and DNA methylation in the context of different T cell populations. We summarize the relevant methylation events in T cell development, differentiation, and T cell-related genes in disease prediction and drug efficacy. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of T cells has the potential to profoundly translate preclinical results into clinical practice and provide a framework for the development of novel, individualized RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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257
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Bando H, Tsukada Y, Inamori K, Togashi Y, Koyama S, Kotani D, Fukuoka S, Yuki S, Komatsu Y, Homma S, Taketomi A, Uemura M, Kato T, Fukui M, Wakabayashi M, Nakamura N, Kojima M, Kawachi H, Kirsch R, Yoshida T, Suzuki Y, Sato A, Nishikawa H, Ito M, Yoshino T. Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy plus Nivolumab before Surgery in Patients with Microsatellite Stable and Microsatellite Instability-High Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1136-1146. [PMID: 35063964 PMCID: PMC9365382 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgical resection are the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with radiation suggests a promising approach for enhancing efficacy. We investigated the efficacy of CRT followed by nivolumab and surgery in patients with LARC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In phase I, we investigated the feasibility of sequentially combined CRT, 5 cycles of nivolumab, and radical surgery. In phase II, patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) LARC were evaluated. RESULTS Three patients in phase I received full courses of CRT and nivolumab without dose modification; the schedule was recommended for phase II. A pathologic complete response (pCR) was centrally confirmed in 30% [11/37; 90% confidence interval (CI), 18%-44%] and 60% (3/5) of the MSS and exploratory MSI-H cohorts, respectively. While immune-related severe adverse events were observed in 3 patients, no treatment-related deaths were observed. In 38 patients with MSS who underwent surgery, pCR rates of 75% (6/8) and 17% (5/30; P = 0.004, Fisher exact test) were observed in those with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score ≥1% and <1%, respectively; IHC staining was performed using pre-CRT samples. In 24 patients with MSS, pre-CRT samples were analyzed by flow cytometry; pCR rates of 78% (7/9) and 13% (2/15; P = 0.003, Fisher exact test) were observed for CD8+ T cell/effector regulatory T cell (CD8/eTreg) ratios of ≥2.5 and <2.5, respectively, in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS CRT followed by consolidation nivolumab could increase pCR. PD-L1 expression and an elevated CD8/eTreg ratio were positive predictors in patients with MSS LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Bando
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Tsukada
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Koji Inamori
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shota Fukuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Komatsu
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigenori Homma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kato
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukui
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masashi Wakabayashi
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakamura
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, St. Marianna University Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Kirsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tsutomu Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine; Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sato
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo/Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Takayuki Yoshino, Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan. Phone: 814-7133-1111; Fax: 814-7134-6920; E-mail:
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258
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Matavele Chissumba R, Magul C, Macamo R, Monteiro V, Enosse M, Macicame I, Cumbane V, Bhatt N, Viegas E, Imbach M, Eller LA, Polyak CS, Kestens L. Helios expressing regulatory T cells are correlated with decreased IL-2 producing CD8 T cells and antibody diversity in Mozambican individuals living chronically with HIV-1. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:12. [PMID: 35287587 PMCID: PMC8922818 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes impairment of T and B cell responses, which begins during the acute phase of infection and is not completely restored by antiretroviral treatment. Regulatory T cell (Tregs) can improve overall disease outcome by controlling chronic inflammation but may also suppress beneficial HIV-1 specific immune responses. We aimed to analyze the profile of Tregs and their correlation with the status of T cells activation, the expression of IL-2 and IFNγ and the profile of HIV-1 specific antibodies response in Mozambican people living chronically with HIV-1 (PLWH-C). Results In PLWH-C, the proportion of total Tregs was positively correlated with the proportion of IL-2+CD4 T cells (r = 0.647; p = 0.032) and IL-2+IFNγ+CD8 T cells (r = 0.551; p = 0.014), while the proportions of Helios+Tregs correlated inversely with levels of IL-2+CD8 T cells (r = − 0.541; p = 0.017). Overall, PLWH-C, with (82%) or without virologic suppression (64%), were seronegative for at least HIV-1 p31, gp160 or p24, and the breadth of antibody responses was positively correlated with proportions of CD38+HLA-DR+CD8 T cells (r = 0.620; p = 0.012), viral load (r = 0.452; p = 0.040) and inversely with absolute CD4 T cells count (r = − 0.481; p = 0.027). Analysis of all individuals living HIV-1 showed that the breadth of HIV-1 antibody responses was inversely correlated with the proportion of Helios+Tregs (r = − 0.45; p = 0.02). Conclusion Among Mozambican people living with HIV-1, seronegativity to some HIV-1 proteins is common, particularly in virologically suppressed individuals. Furthermore, lower diversity of HIV-specific antibodies is correlated to lower immune activation, lower viral replication and higher CD4 counts, in PLWH-C. Elevation in the proportion of Helios+Tregs is related to a reduction of CD8 T expressing intracellular IL-2, in PLWH-C, but may contribute to impairment of B cell function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-022-00487-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Matavele Chissumba
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Cacildo Magul
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Rosa Macamo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Vânia Monteiro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Maria Enosse
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ivalda Macicame
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Victória Cumbane
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nilesh Bhatt
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Edna Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Distrito de Marracuene, Estrada Nacional N°1, Marracuene, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Michelle Imbach
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina S Polyak
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luc Kestens
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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259
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Bozhanova G, Hassan J, Appleton L, Jennings V, Foo S, McLaughlin M, Chan Wah Hak CM, Patin EC, Crespo-Rodriguez E, Baker G, Armstrong E, Chiu M, Pandha H, Samson A, Roulstone V, Kyula J, Vile R, Errington-Mais F, Pedersen M, Harrington K, Ono M, Melcher A. CD4 T cell dynamics shape the immune response to combination oncolytic herpes virus and BRAF inhibitor therapy for melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004410. [PMID: 35338089 PMCID: PMC8961178 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination herpes simplex virus (HSV) oncolytic virotherapy and BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) represent promising immunogenic treatments for BRAF mutant melanoma, but an improved understanding of the immunobiology of combinations is needed to improve on the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS Using a BRAFV600E-driven murine melanoma model, we tested the immunogenicity of HSV/BRAFi in immunocompetent C57BL mice. In addition to standard FACS analysis, we used the 'Timer of Cell Kinetics and Activity' system, which can analyze the temporal dynamics of different T cell subsets. This immune data was used to inform the selection of ICI for triple combination therapy, the effects of which were then further characterized using transcriptomics. RESULTS Adding BRAFi treatment to HSV improved anti-tumor effects in vivo but not in vitro. Immune characterization showed HSV or dual therapy led to fewer intratumoral Treg, although with a more activated phenotype, together with more effector CD8 +T cells. Tocky analysis further showed that HSV/BRAFi dual treatment reduced the Tocky signal (reflecting engagement with cognate antigen), in both Treg and conventional subsets of CD4+, but not in CD8 +cells. However, a higher percentage of Treg than of conventional CD4 +maintained frequent engagement with antigens on treatment, reflecting a predominance of suppressive over effector function within the CD4 +compartment. The only T cell subset which correlated with a reduction in tumor growth was within Tocky signal positive conventional CD4+, supporting their therapeutic role. Targeting CD25 high, antigen-engaged Treg with a depleting anti-CD25 ICI, achieved complete cures in 100% of mice with triple therapy. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed reduction in Foxp3 on addition of anti-CD25 to HSV/BRAFi, as well as increases in expression of genes reflecting interferon signaling and cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS Combination HSV/BRAFi is an immunogenic therapy for BRAF mutant melanoma, but cannot fully control tumors. Dual therapy results in changes in T cell dynamics within tumors, with relatively maintained antigen signaling in Treg compared with conv CD4+. Antigen-engaged CD4 +effectors correlate with tumor growth control, and depletion of Treg by addition of an anti-CD25 ICI, releasing suppression of conventional CD4 +effectors by Treg, enhances survival and activates immune signaling within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galabina Bozhanova
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Lizzie Appleton
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Jennings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shane Foo
- Radiotherapy & Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Charleen Ml Chan Wah Hak
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel C Patin
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Eva Crespo-Rodriguez
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gabby Baker
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Edward Armstrong
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Matthew Chiu
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Adel Samson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Victoria Roulstone
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Joan Kyula
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard Vile
- Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fiona Errington-Mais
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Malin Pedersen
- Translational Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy Teams, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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260
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Jin K, Parreau S, Warrington KJ, Koster MJ, Berry GJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Vasculitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844300. [PMID: 35296082 PMCID: PMC8918523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are indispensable for host survival and are protected from inappropriate inflammation by immune privilege. This protection is lost in patients with autoimmune vasculitides, a heterogeneous group of diseases causing damage to arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Vasculitis leads to vascular wall destruction and/or luminal occlusion, resulting in hemorrhage and tissue ischemia. Failure in the quantity and quality of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Treg) has been implicated in the breakdown of the vascular immune privilege. Emerging data suggest that Treg deficiencies are disease-specific, affecting distinct pathways in distinct vasculitides. Mechanistic studies have identified faulty CD8+ Tregs in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), a vasculitis of the aorta and the large aortic branch vessels. Specifically, aberrant signaling through the NOTCH4 receptor expressed on CD8+ Treg cells leads to rerouting of intracellular vesicle trafficking and failure in the release of immunosuppressive exosomes, ultimately boosting inflammatory attack to medium and large arteries. In Kawasaki’s disease, a medium vessel vasculitis targeting the coronary arteries, aberrant expression of miR-155 and dysregulated STAT5 signaling have been implicated in undermining CD4+ Treg function. Explorations of mechanisms leading to insufficient immunosuppression and uncontrolled vascular inflammation hold the promise to discover novel therapeutic interventions that could potentially restore the immune privilege of blood vessels and pave the way for urgently needed innovations in vasculitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jin
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Simon Parreau
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Warrington
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Matthew J. Koster
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gerald J. Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cornelia M. Weyand,
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261
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Podestà MA, Sykes M. Chimerism-Based Tolerance to Kidney Allografts in Humans: Novel Insights and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791725. [PMID: 35069574 PMCID: PMC8767096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rejection and immunosuppression-related toxicity severely affect long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation. The induction of transplantation tolerance – the lack of destructive immune responses to a transplanted organ in the absence of immunosuppression – could potentially overcome these limitations. Immune tolerance to kidney allografts from living donors has been successfully achieved in humans through clinical protocols based on chimerism induction with hematopoietic cell transplantation after non-myeloablative conditioning. Notably, two of these protocols have led to immune tolerance in a significant fraction of HLA-mismatched donor-recipient combinations, which represent the large majority of cases in clinical practice. Studies in mice and large animals have been critical in dissecting tolerance mechanisms and in selecting the most promising approaches for human translation. However, there are several key differences in tolerance induction between these models and humans, including the rate of success and stability of donor chimerism, as well as the relative contribution of different mechanisms in inducing donor-specific unresponsiveness. Kidney allograft tolerance achieved through durable full-donor chimerism may be due to central deletion of graft-reactive donor T cells, even though mechanistic data from patient series are lacking. On the other hand, immune tolerance attained with transient mixed chimerism-based protocols initially relies on Treg-mediated suppression, followed by peripheral deletion of donor-reactive recipient T-cell clones under antigenic pressure from the graft. These conclusions were supported by data deriving from novel high-throughput T-cell receptor sequencing approaches that allowed tracking of alloreactive repertoires over time. In this review, we summarize the most important mechanistic studies on tolerance induction with combined kidney-bone marrow transplantation in humans, discussing open issues that still need to be addressed and focusing on techniques developed in recent years to efficiently monitor the alloresponse in tolerance trials. These cutting-edge methods will be instrumental for the development of immune tolerance protocols with improved efficacy and to identify patients amenable to safe immunosuppression withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Renal Division, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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262
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Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity improves gut microbiota balance, increases colonic mucosal-associated invariant T cells and decreases circulating regulatory T cells. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7312-7324. [PMID: 35182212 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for morbid obesity may improve gut microbiota balance and decrease chronic inflammation. This study examines the changes in gut microbiota and immune environment, including mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) caused by LSG. METHODS Ten morbidly obese patients underwent LSG at our institution between December 2018 and March 2020. Flow cytometry for Th1/Th2/Th17 cells, Treg cells and MAIT cells in peripheral blood and colonic mucosa and 16S rRNA analysis of gut microbiota were performed preoperatively and then 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS Twelve months after LSG, the median percent total weight loss was 30.3% and the median percent excess weight loss was 66.9%. According to laboratory data, adiponectin increased, leptin decreased, and chronic inflammation improved after LSG. In the gut microbiota, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria increased after LSG, and indices of alpha diversity increased after LSG. In colonic mucosa, the frequency of MAIT cells increased after LSG. In peripheral blood, the frequency of Th1 cells and effector Treg cells decreased after LSG. CONCLUSIONS After LSG for morbid obesity, improvement in chronic inflammation in obesity is suggested by change in the constituent bacterial species, increase in the diversity of gut microbiota, increase in MAIT cells in the colonic mucosa, and decrease in effector Treg cells in the peripheral blood.
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263
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CCR8-targeted specific depletion of clonally expanded Treg cells in tumor tissues evokes potent tumor immunity with long-lasting memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114282119. [PMID: 35140181 PMCID: PMC8851483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114282119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) in tumor tissues are assumed to be clonally expanding via recognizing tumor-associated antigens. By single-cell RNA sequencing, we have searched for the molecules that are specifically expressed by such multiclonal tumor Tregs, but not by tumor-infiltrating effector T cells or natural Tregs in other tissues. The search revealed the chemokine receptor CCR8 as a candidate. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with cell-depleting anti-CCR8 antibody indeed selectively removed multiclonal tumor Tregs without affecting effector T cells or tissue Tregs, eradicating established tumors with induction of potent tumor-specific effector/memory T cells and without activating autoimmune T cells. Thus, specific depletion of clonally expanding tumor Tregs is clinically instrumental for evoking effective tumor immunity without autoimmune adverse effects. Foxp3-expressing CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues. Here, hypothesizing that tumor Tregs would clonally expand after they are activated by tumor-associated antigens to suppress antitumor immune responses, we performed single-cell analysis on tumor Tregs to characterize them by T cell receptor clonotype and gene-expression profiles. We found that multiclonal Tregs present in tumor tissues predominantly expressed the chemokine receptor CCR8. In mice and humans, CCR8+ Tregs constituted 30 to 80% of tumor Tregs in various cancers and less than 10% of Tregs in other tissues, whereas most tumor-infiltrating conventional T cells (Tconvs) were CCR8–. CCR8+ tumor Tregs were highly differentiated and functionally stable. Administration of cell-depleting anti-CCR8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) indeed selectively eliminated multiclonal tumor Tregs, leading to cure of established tumors in mice. The treatment resulted in the expansion of CD8+ effector Tconvs, including tumor antigen-specific ones, that were more activated and less exhausted than those induced by PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade. Anti-CCR8 mAb treatment also evoked strong secondary immune responses against the same tumor cell line inoculated several months after tumor eradication, indicating that elimination of tumor-reactive multiclonal Tregs was sufficient to induce memory-type tumor-specific effector Tconvs. Despite induction of such potent tumor immunity, anti-CCR8 mAb treatment elicited minimal autoimmunity in mice, contrasting with systemic Treg depletion, which eradicated tumors but induced severe autoimmune disease. Thus, specific removal of clonally expanding Tregs in tumor tissues for a limited period by cell-depleting anti-CCR8 mAb treatment can generate potent tumor immunity with long-lasting memory and without deleterious autoimmunity.
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264
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Kumagai S, Koyama S, Itahashi K, Tanegashima T, Lin YT, Togashi Y, Kamada T, Irie T, Okumura G, Kono H, Ito D, Fujii R, Watanabe S, Sai A, Fukuoka S, Sugiyama E, Watanabe G, Owari T, Nishinakamura H, Sugiyama D, Maeda Y, Kawazoe A, Yukami H, Chida K, Ohara Y, Yoshida T, Shinno Y, Takeyasu Y, Shirasawa M, Nakama K, Aokage K, Suzuki J, Ishii G, Kuwata T, Sakamoto N, Kawazu M, Ueno T, Mori T, Yamazaki N, Tsuboi M, Yatabe Y, Kinoshita T, Doi T, Shitara K, Mano H, Nishikawa H. Lactic acid promotes PD-1 expression in regulatory T cells in highly glycolytic tumor microenvironments. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:201-218.e9. [PMID: 35090594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The balance of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing CD8+ T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) determines the clinical efficacy of PD-1 blockade therapy through the competition of their reactivation. However, factors that determine this balance remain unknown. Here, we show that Treg cells gain higher PD-1 expression than effector T cells in highly glycolytic tumors, including MYC-amplified tumors and liver tumors. Under low-glucose environments via glucose consumption by tumor cells, Treg cells actively absorbed lactic acid (LA) through monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), promoting NFAT1 translocation into the nucleus, thereby enhancing the expression of PD-1, whereas PD-1 expression by effector T cells was dampened. PD-1 blockade invigorated the PD-1-expressing Treg cells, resulting in treatment failure. We propose that LA in the highly glycolytic TME is an active checkpoint for the function of Treg cells in the TME via upregulation of PD-1 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Lactic Acid/metabolism
- Lactic Acid/pharmacology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kumagai
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shohei Koyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kota Itahashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Tanegashima
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lin
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kamada
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takuma Irie
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Genki Okumura
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kono
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Rika Fujii
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Atsuo Sai
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shota Fukuoka
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Eri Sugiyama
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Go Watanabe
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Owari
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nishinakamura
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuka Maeda
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Akihito Kawazoe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yukami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Keigo Chida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ohara
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeyasu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shirasawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakama
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045/Chiba 277-8577, Japan; Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Kim KH, Pyo H, Lee H, Oh D, Noh JM, Ahn YC, Yoon HI, Moon H, Lee J, Park S, Jung HA, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ku BM, Ahn MJ, Shin EC. Dynamics of circulating immune cells during chemoradiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer support earlier administration of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:415-425. [PMID: 35150786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by consolidation immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly improves survival in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). However, the optimal sequence for CRT and ICIs has not yet been established. We investigated the dynamics of peripheral blood immune cells during CRT to determine the best sequence for treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS Peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected pre-treatment, weekly during CRT for 6 weeks, and 1 month post-treatment in 24 patients with LA-NSCLC who received definitive CRT. Immune cell analysis was performed by flow cytometry. Ex vivo PD-1 blockade assays were performed by IFN-γ intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS Lymphopenia was prominently observed during CRT and mostly recovered 1 month post-CRT. Robust proliferation of CD8+ T cells was induced, peaking in the last week during CRT and decreasing post-CRT. The robust proliferation of CD8+ T cells led to an increase in the frequency of CD28-CD57+ replicative senescent and terminally differentiated cells post-CRT. Tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells increased during CRT and peaked in the last week. One month post-CRT, the frequency of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells decreased and TOXhiTCF1lo terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells significantly increased. Anti-PD-1-induced functional restoration of PD-1+CD8+ T cells was maximized in the last week of CRT and significantly decreased post-CRT. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that earlier administration of PD-1 blockade may be associated with superior efficacy compared to delayed administration after completion of CRT. These findings provide an immunological rationale for optimal timing of combining ICIs with CRT in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongryull Pyo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dongryul Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong In Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyowon Moon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ku
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.
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266
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Yi L, Jin X, Wang J, Yan Z, Cheng X, Wen T, Yang B, Wang X, Che N, Liu Z, Zhang H. CD137 Agonists Targeting CD137-Mediated Negative Regulation Show Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:771809. [PMID: 35197968 PMCID: PMC8859117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.771809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative immune regulation plays a notable role in tumor immunity. This study aimed to confirm that CD137 mediates negative immunoregulation as well as agonist activity in tumor immunity. Soluble CD137 (sCD137), a prominent splice variant of membrane-bound CD137 (mCD137), was identified, and its concentration in the blood of lung cancer patients was increased. The baseline concentration of sCD137 in the blood was negatively correlated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in a pilot study. The percentage of CD137+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the blood of lung cancer patients was also increased, and further enriched at the tumor site; Foxp3, CTLA-4, IL-10, IL-35-Ebi3, sCD137 and costimulatory molecules expression were also higher, indicating increased immunosuppressive activity. A high percentage of CD137+ Tregs in the tumor was associated with worse OS outcomes among patients with high CD137+CD8+ T cell infiltration levels. Notably, targeting CD137+ Tregs using an engineered CD137 agonist with wild-type mouse IgG2a Fc clearly decreased the total Treg numbers and eliminated the tumor in the CT26 model and prolonged the survival rate of a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model. These results indicated it may be possible to empower CD137 agonist with ability to abolish CD137-mediated negative regulation to enhance its antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wen
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojue Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nanying Che
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang, ; Zhidong Liu,
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Zhang, ; Zhidong Liu,
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267
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[Efficacy of stanozolol and danazol in the treatment of non-severe aplastic anemia and their effects on CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:157-160. [PMID: 35381679 PMCID: PMC8980652 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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268
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Janssens I, Campillo Davó D, Van den Bos J, De Reu H, Berneman ZN, Wens I, Cools N. Engineering of regulatory T cells by means of mRNA electroporation in a GMP-compliant manner. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:659-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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269
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Elias G, Meysman P, Bartholomeus E, De Neuter N, Keersmaekers N, Suls A, Jansens H, Souquette A, De Reu H, Emonds MP, Smits E, Lion E, Thomas PG, Mortier G, Van Damme P, Beutels P, Laukens K, Van Tendeloo V, Ogunjimi B. Preexisting memory CD4 T cells in naïve individuals confer robust immunity upon hepatitis B vaccination. eLife 2022; 11:68388. [PMID: 35074048 PMCID: PMC8824481 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen recognition through the T cell receptor (TCR) αβ heterodimer is one of the primary determinants of the adaptive immune response. Vaccines activate naïve T cells with high specificity to expand and differentiate into memory T cells. However, antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells exist in unexposed antigen-naïve hosts. In this study, we use high-throughput sequencing of memory CD4 TCRβ repertoire and machine learning to show that individuals with preexisting vaccine-reactive memory CD4 T cell clonotypes elicited earlier and higher antibody titers and mounted a more robust CD4 T cell response to hepatitis B vaccine. In addition, integration of TCRβ sequence patterns into a hepatitis B epitope-specific annotation model can predict which individuals will have an early and more vigorous vaccine-elicited immunity. Thus, the presence of preexisting memory T cell clonotypes has a significant impact on immunity and can be used to predict immune responses to vaccination. Immune cells called CD4 T cells help the body build immunity to infections caused by bacteria and viruses, or after vaccination. Receptor proteins on the outside of the cells recognize pathogens, foreign molecules called antigens, or vaccine antigens. Vaccine antigens are usually inactivated bacteria or viruses, or fragments of these pathogens. After recognizing an antigen, CD4 T cells develop into memory CD4 T cells ready to defend against future infections with the pathogen. People who have never been exposed to a pathogen, or have never been vaccinated against it, may nevertheless have preexisting memory cells ready to defend against it. This happens because CD4 T cells can recognize multiple targets, which enables the immune system to be ready to defend against both new and familiar pathogens. Elias, Meysman, Bartholomeus et al. wanted to find out whether having preexisting memory CD4 T cells confers an advantage for vaccine-induced immunity. Thirty-four people who were never exposed to hepatitis B or vaccinated against it participated in the study. These individuals provided blood samples before vaccination, with 2 doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, and at 3 time points afterward. Using next generation immune sequencing and machine learning techniques, Elias et al. analyzed the individuals’ memory CD4 T cells before and after vaccination. The experiments showed that preexisting memory CD4 T cells may determine vaccination outcomes, and people with more preexisting memory cells develop quicker and stronger immunity after vaccination against hepatitis B. This information may help scientists to better understand how people develop immunity to pathogens. It may guide them develop better vaccines or predict who will develop immunity after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Elias
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), University of Antwerp
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Biomedical Informatics Research Network Antwerp, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Antwerp
| | | | - Nicolas De Neuter
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
| | - Nina Keersmaekers
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases, University of Antwerp
| | - Arvid Suls
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
| | - Hilde Jansens
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Antwerp University Hospital
| | - Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Hans De Reu
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp
| | | | - Evelien Smits
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp
| | - Eva Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
| | - Geert Mortier
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
| | - Kris Laukens
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- Janssen Research and Development, Immunosciences WWDA, Johnson and Johnson
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp
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270
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Schnellhardt S, Hirneth J, Büttner-Herold M, Daniel C, Haderlein M, Hartmann A, Fietkau R, Distel L. The Prognostic Value of FoxP3+ Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Rectal Cancer Depends on Immune Phenotypes Defined by CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Density. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781222. [PMID: 35140715 PMCID: PMC8818710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-infiltrating FoxP3+ regulatory T cells have been identified as both positive and negative prognostic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) and rectal cancer (RC). In this study we investigated whether immune phenotypes, defined by CD8+ cytotoxic T cell density, may influence the prognostic association of FoxP3+ T cell densities in RC. Tissue microarrays from 154 rectal cancer resections were immunohistochemically double stained for CD8 and FoxP3. CD8+ and FoxP3+ cell densities were measured in the stromal and intraepithelial compartment. Stromal FoxP3+ cell densities were not associated with 10-year overall survival (OS). In the “immune-desert” phenotype, defined by very low stromal CD8+ cell density, a high density of stromal FoxP3+ T cells displayed a tendency towards an association with decreased 10-year OS (p = 0.179). In “inflamed” tumours, defined by high intraepithelial CD8+ T cell infiltration, the opposite was the case and high stromal FoxP3+ T cell densities were a positive prognostic factor (p = 0.048). Additionally, patients with an increased FoxP3/CD8 cell density ratio demonstrated a strong trend towards decreased 10-year OS (p = 0.066). These contrasting findings suggest functional heterogeneity within the group of FoxP3+ T cells. They are consistent with experimental studies which reported suppressive and non-suppressive populations of FoxP3+ T cells in CRC. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that CD8 immunohistochemistry may act as an instrument to identify tumours infiltrated by possibly functionally differing FoxP3+ T cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Schnellhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hirneth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marlen Haderlein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Luitpold Distel,
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271
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Kobayashi S, Nagafuchi Y, Okubo M, Sugimori Y, Hatano H, Yamada S, Nakano M, Yoshida R, Takeshima Y, Ota M, Tsuchida Y, Iwasaki Y, Setoguchi K, Kubo K, Okamura T, Yamamoto K, Shoda H, Fujio K. Dysregulation of the gene signature of effector regulatory T cells in the early phase of systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4163-4174. [PMID: 35040949 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated flow-cytometric and transcriptome features of peripheral blood immune cells from early-phase (disease duration < 5 years) systemic sclerosis (SSc) in comparison to late-phase SSc. METHODS Fifty Japanese patients with SSc (12 early SSc cases and 38 late SSc cases) and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. A comparison of flow-cytometric subset proportions and RNA-sequencing of 24 peripheral blood immune cell subsets was performed. We evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), characterized the co-expressed gene modules, and estimated the composition of subpopulations by deconvolution based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data. As a disease control, idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) patients were also evaluated. RESULTS Analyzing the data from early and late SSc, Fraction II effector regulatory T cell (Fr. II eTreg) genes showed a remarkable differential gene expression, which was enriched for genes related to oxidative phosphorylation. Although the flow-cytometric proportion of Fr. II eTregs was not changed in early SSc, deconvolution indicated expansion of the activated subpopulation. Co-expressed gene modules of Fr. II eTregs demonstrated enrichment of the DEGs of early SSc and correlation with the proportion of the activated subpopulation. These results suggested that DEGs in Fr. II eTregs from patients with early SSc were closely associated with the increased proportion of the activated subpopulation. Similar dysregulation of Fr. II eTregs was also observed in data from patients with early IIM. CONCLUSIONS RNA-seq of immune cells indicated the dysregulation of Fr. II eTregs in early SSc with increased proportion of the activated subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kobayashi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo.,Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Japan. 35-2 Sakaechou, Itabashi-ku, 173-0015, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yasuo Nagafuchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo.,Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mai Okubo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yusuke Sugimori
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Hiroaki Hatano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Saeko Yamada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Ryochi Yoshida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yusuke Takeshima
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo.,Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yumi Tsuchida
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yukiko Iwasaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Keigo Setoguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Japan. 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8677, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Kanae Kubo
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Japan. 35-2 Sakaechou, Itabashi-ku, 173-0015, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo.,Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo.,Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Japan. 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan, Yokohama, Yokohama
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan, Tokyo, Tokyo
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272
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Morgana F, Opstelten R, Slot MC, Scott AM, van Lier RAW, Blom B, Mahfouz A, Amsen D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Steps in Regulatory T Cell Development in the Human Thymus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:384-395. [PMID: 34937744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells control immunological tolerance. Treg cells are generated in the thymus (tTreg) or in the periphery. Their superior lineage fidelity makes tTregs the preferred cell type for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). How human tTreg cells develop is incompletely understood. By combining single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we in this study delineated three major Treg developmental stages in the human thymus. At the first stage, which we propose to name pre-Treg I, cells still express lineage-inappropriate genes and exhibit signs of TCR signaling, presumably reflecting recognition of self-antigen. The subsequent pre-Treg II stage is marked by the sharp appearance of transcription factor FOXO1 and features induction of KLF2 and CCR7, in apparent preparation for thymic exit. The pre-Treg II stage can further be refined based on the sequential acquisition of surface markers CD31 and GPA33. The expression of CD45RA, finally, completes the phenotype also found on mature recent thymic emigrant Treg cells. Remarkably, the thymus contains a substantial fraction of recirculating mature effector Treg cells, distinguishable by expression of inflammatory chemokine receptors and absence of CCR7. The developmental origin of these cells is unclear and warrants caution when using thymic tissue as a source of stable cells for ACT. We show that cells in the major developmental stages can be distinguished using the surface markers CD1a, CD27, CCR7, and CD39, allowing for their viable isolation. These insights help identify fully mature tTreg cells for ACT and can serve as a basis for further mechanistic studies into tTreg development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Morgana
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Opstelten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon C Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; and
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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273
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Simsek A, Kizmaz MA, Cagan E, Dombaz F, Tezcan G, Asan A, Ibrahim Demir H, Haldun Bal S, Ermis DY, Dilektaslı AG, Kazak E, Halis Akalin E, Barbaros Oral H, Budak F. Assessment of CD39 expression in regulatory T cell subsets by disease severity in adult and juvenile COVID -19 cases. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2089-2101. [PMID: 35032133 PMCID: PMC9015412 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID‐19 is a disease characterized by acute respiratory failure and is a major health problem worldwide. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CD39 expression in Treg cell subsets in COVID‐19 immunopathogenesis and its relationship to disease severity. One hundred and ninety COVID‐19 patients (juveniles, adults) and 43 volunteers as healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Flow cytometric analysis was performed using a 10‐color monoclonal antibody panel from peripheral blood samples. In adult patients, CD39+ Tregs increased with disease severity. In contrast, CD39+ Tregs were decreased in juvenile patients in an age‐dependent manner. Overall, our study reveals an interesting profile of CD39‐expressing Tregs in adult and juvenile cases of COVID‐19. Our results provide a better understanding of the possible role of Tregs in the mechanism of immune response in COVID‐19 cases. CD39+ Tregs increased with disease severity in adult COVID‐19 cases. In addition, significant changes were also observed in other Treg subsets. Treg subsets in the juvenile COVID‐19 cases showed age‐related variability but were significantly lower than in the healthy control group. Consistent correlations were found between laboratory findings in adult COVID‐19 cases and Treg subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Simsek
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Institute, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ali Kizmaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Institute, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Eren Cagan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dombaz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Institute, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Tezcan
- Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Asan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - H Ibrahim Demir
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Immunology, Health Science Institute, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - S Haldun Bal
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Digdem Yoyen Ermis
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Aslı Gorek Dilektaslı
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Kazak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - E Halis Akalin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - H Barbaros Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ferah Budak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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274
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Louis K, Fadakar P, Macedo C, Yamada M, Lucas M, Gu X, Zeevi A, Randhawa P, Lefaucheur C, Metes D. Concomitant loss of regulatory T and B cells is a distinguishing immune feature of antibody-mediated rejection in kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2022; 101:1003-1016. [PMID: 35090879 PMCID: PMC9038633 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable advances have been made in understanding the cellular effector mechanisms responsible for donor-specific antibody generation leading to antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), the identification of cellular regulators of such immune responses is lacking. To clarify this, we used high dimensional flow cytometry to concomitantly profile and track the two major subsets of regulatory lymphocytes in blood: T regulatory (TREG) and transitional B cells in a cohort of 96 kidney transplant recipients. Additionally, we established co-culture assays to address their respective capacity to suppress antibody responses in vitro. TREG and transitional B cells were found to be potent suppressors of T follicular helper-mediated B-cell differentiation into plasmablast and antibody generation. TREG and transitional B cells were both durably expanded in patients who did not develop donor-specific antibody post-transplant. However, patients who manifested donor-specific antibody and progressed to ABMR displayed a marked and persistent numerical reduction in TREG and transitional B cells. Strikingly, specific cell clusters expressing the transcription factor T-bet were selectively depleted in both TREG and transitional B-cell compartments in patients with ABMR. Importantly, the coordinated loss of these T-bet+CXCR5+TREG and T-bet+CD21- transitional B-cell clusters was correlated with increased and inflammatory donor specific antibody responses, more extensive microvascular inflammation and a higher rate of kidney allograft loss. Thus, our study identified coordinated and persistent defects in regulatory T- and B-cell responses in patients undergoing ABMR, which may contribute to their loss of humoral immune regulation, and warrant timely therapeutic interventions to replenish and sustain TREG and transitional B cells in these patients.
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275
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Zhang R, Miao J, Zhang K, Zhang B, Luo X, Sun H, Zheng Z, Zhu P. Th1-Like Treg Cells Are Increased But Deficient in Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:863753. [PMID: 35603149 PMCID: PMC9114761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.863753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the changes in quantity and function of T helper (Th)-like T regulatory (Treg) cell subsets in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to understand their relationship with disease activity. METHODS A total of 86 RA patients and 76 gender and age-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Th-like Treg frequency and function were determined using flow cytometry. The inhibitory function of Th-like Treg cells was detected using an in vitro co-culture suppression assay. RESULTS The proportion and absolute number of Th1-like Treg cells from RA PB and RA SF were significantly higher than those of HC PB. In RA SF, the proportions of Treg cells and Th1-like Treg cells were significantly lower in the elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the C-Reactive Protein group, and in the positive groups of anti-CCP antibody and anti-MCV antibody. Additionally, the proportions of Treg cells and Th1-like Treg cells from RA SF were negatively correlated with disease activity. However, the expression levels of CD73 and TGF-β1 in Th1-like Treg cells were decreased, and these Treg cells could not effectively inhibit the proliferation of effector T (Teff) cells. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Th1-like Treg cells are the predominant Treg cell subset in RA SF, but their suppressive function is defective. Improving the function of Th1-like Treg cells may control inflammation in joints and provide new strategies for Treg-targeted therapies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Special Service Convalescence, Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Miao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Zheng, ; Ping Zhu,
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chinese People's Liberation Army. (PLA) Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatoid & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Zheng, ; Ping Zhu,
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276
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Bernaldo-de-Quirós E, Pion M, Martínez-Bonet M, Correa-Rocha R. A New Generation of Cell Therapies Employing Regulatory T Cells (Treg) to Induce Immune Tolerance in Pediatric Transplantation. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:862807. [PMID: 35633970 PMCID: PMC9130702 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.862807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the most common solid organ transplant and the preferred treatment for pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease, but it is still not a definitive solution due to immune graft rejection. Regulatory T cells (Treg) and their control over effector T cells is a crucial and intrinsic tolerance mechanism in limiting excessive immune responses. In the case of transplants, Treg are important for the survival of the transplanted organ, and their dysregulation could increase the risk of rejection in transplanted children. Chronic immunosuppression to prevent rejection, for which Treg are especially sensitive, have a detrimental effect on Treg counts, decreasing the Treg/T-effector balance. Cell therapy with Treg cells is a promising approach to restore this imbalance, promoting tolerance and thus increasing graft survival. However, the strategies used to date that employ peripheral blood as a Treg source have shown limited efficacy. Moreover, it is not possible to use this approach in pediatric patients due to the limited volume of blood that can be extracted from children. Here, we outline our innovative strategy that employs the thymus removed during pediatric cardiac surgeries as a source of therapeutic Treg that could make this therapy accessible to transplanted children. The advantageous properties and the massive amount of Treg cells obtained from pediatric thymic tissue (thyTreg) opens a new possibility for Treg therapies to prevent rejection in pediatric kidney transplants. We are recruiting patients in a clinical trial to prevent rejection in heart-transplanted children through the infusion of autologous thyTreg cells (NCT04924491). If its efficacy is confirmed, thyTreg therapy may establish a new paradigm in preventing organ rejection in pediatric transplants, and their allogeneic use would extend its application to other solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Bernaldo-de-Quirós
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjorie Pion
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Bonet
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Correa-Rocha
- Laboratory of Immune-Regulation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
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277
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Schmidt A, Baumjohann D. 3D Tissue Explant and Single-Cell Suspension Organoid Culture Systems for Ex Vivo Drug Testing on Human Tonsil-Derived T Follicular Helper Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2380:267-288. [PMID: 34802138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on the human immune system is often restricted to peripheral blood cells. However, these cells can be different from those found in secondary lymphoid organs. For instance, specialized T and B cells that are localized in germinal centers (GCs), which are complex anatomical structures being required for the generation of potent antibodies, are not found in peripheral blood. Most T helper cells located in GCs belong to the T follicular helper (Tfh) cell subset, which provides critical support to B cells. Bona fide human GC Tfh cells can be obtained from secondary lymphoid tissues such as tonsils, which are routinely removed by surgery. We here describe a method that is based on human lymphoid histoculture (HLH) and human lymphoid aggregate culture (HLAC) to culture human adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) tissue ex vivo, followed by deep Tfh cell phenotyping by flow cytometry. This method allows studying Tfh cells in a versatile explant culture system that preserves many aspects of the original in vivo three-dimensional (3D) structure, in parallel to single-cell suspension organoid cultures in which the original tissue structure is disintegrated. We also describe how this versatile platform can be used for drug testing or manipulation of human Tfh cells in vitro for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Schmidt
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Martinsried, Germany.
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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278
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Duizendstra AA, de Knegt RJ, Mancham S, Klepper M, Roelen DL, Brand‐Schaaf SH, Boor PP, Doukas M, de Man RA, Sprengers D, Peppelenbosch MP, Betjes MGH, Kwekkeboom J, Litjens NHR. Activated CD4 + T Cells and Highly Differentiated Alloreactive CD4 + T Cells Distinguish Operationally Tolerant Liver Transplantation Recipients. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:98-112. [PMID: 34081828 PMCID: PMC9291234 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous operational tolerance to the allograft develops in a proportion of liver transplantation (LT) recipients weaned off immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. Several studies have investigated whether peripheral blood circulating T cells could play a role in the development or identify operational tolerance, but never characterized alloreactive T cells in detail due to the lack of a marker for these T cells. In this study, we comprehensively investigated phenotypic and functional characteristics of alloreactive circulating T cell subsets in tolerant LT recipients (n = 15) using multiparameter flow cytometry and compared these with LT recipients on IS drugs (n = 23) and healthy individuals (n = 16). Activation-induced CD137 was used as a marker for alloreactive T cells upon allogenic stimulation. We found that central and effector memory CD4+ T cells were hyporesponsive against donor and third-party splenocyte stimulation in tolerant LT recipients, whereas an overall hyperresponsiveness was observed in alloreactive terminally differentiated effector memory CD4+ T cells. In addition, elevated percentages of circulating activated T helper cells were observed in these recipients. Lastly, tolerant and control LT recipients did not differ in donor-specific antibody formation. In conclusion, a combination of circulating hyperresponsive highly differentiated alloreactive CD4+ T cells and circulating activated T helper cells could discriminate tolerant recipients from a larger group of LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke A. Duizendstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robert J. de Knegt
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Mariska Klepper
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dave L. Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Simone H. Brand‐Schaaf
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Patrick P. Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Robert A. de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H. R. Litjens
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands
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279
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Spatial analysis and CD25-expression identify regulatory T cells as predictors of a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1236-1246. [PMID: 35484226 PMCID: PMC9424114 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a heterogeneous cell population that can either suppress or stimulate immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating Tregs are associated with an adverse outcome from most cancer types, but have generally been found to be associated with a good prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the prognostic heterogeneity of Tregs in CRC by co-expression patterns and spatial analyses with diverse T cell markers, using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis in two consecutive series of primary CRCs (total n = 1720). Treg infiltration in tumors, scored as FOXP3+ or CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+ (triple-positive) cells, was strongly correlated to the overall amount of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells, and consequently associated with a favorable 5-year relapse-free survival rate among patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent complete tumor resection. However, high relative expression of the activation marker CD25 in triple-positive Tregs was independently associated with an adverse outcome in a multivariable model incorporating clinicopathological and known molecular prognostic markers (hazard ratio = 1.35, p = 0.028). Furthermore, spatial marker analysis based on Voronoi diagrams and permutation testing of cellular neighborhoods revealed a statistically significant proximity between Tregs and CD8+-cells in 18% of patients, and this was independently associated with a poor survival (multivariable hazard ratio = 1.36, p = 0.017). These results show prognostic heterogeneity of different Treg populations in primary CRC, and highlight the importance of multi-marker and spatial analyses for accurate immunophenotyping of tumors in relation to patient outcome.
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280
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Adriawan IR, Atschekzei F, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Garantziotis P, Hirsch S, Risser LM, Kosanke M, Schmidt RE, Witte T, Sogkas G. Novel aspects of regulatory T cell dysfunction as a therapeutic target in giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:124-131. [PMID: 34583923 PMCID: PMC8762021 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common primary vasculitis, preferentially affecting the aorta and its large-calibre branches. An imbalance between proinflammatory CD4+ T helper cell subsets and regulatory T cells (Tregs) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of GCA and Treg dysfunction has been associated with active disease. Our work aims to explore the aetiology of Treg dysfunction and the way it is affected by remission-inducing immunomodulatory regimens. METHODS A total of 41 GCA patients were classified into active disease (n=14) and disease in remission (n=27). GCA patients' and healthy blood donors' (HD) Tregs were sorted and subjected to transcriptome and phenotypic analysis. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed 27 genes, which were differentially regulated between GCA-derived and HD-derived Tregs. Among those, we identified transcription factors, glycolytic enzymes and IL-2 signalling mediators. We confirmed the downregulation of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) at protein level and identified the ineffective induction of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) and CD25 as well as the reduced T cell receptor (TCR)-induced calcium influx as correlates of Treg dysfunction in GCA. Inhibition of glycolysis in HD-derived Tregs recapitulated most identified dysfunctions of GCA Tregs, suggesting the central pathogenic role of the downregulation of the glycolytic enzymes. Separate analysis of the subgroup of tocilizumab-treated patients identified the recovery of the TCR-induced calcium influx and the Treg suppressive function to associate with disease remission. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that low glycolysis and calcium signalling account for Treg dysfunction and inflammation in GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Ryan Adriawan
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Hirsch
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Maike Kosanke
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Ernst Schmidt
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Sogkas
- Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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281
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Lutter L, van der Wal MM, Brand EC, Maschmeyer P, Vastert S, Mashreghi M, van Loosdregt J, van Wijk F. Human regulatory T cells locally differentiate and are functionally heterogeneous within the inflamed arthritic joint. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1420. [PMID: 36204213 PMCID: PMC9525321 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Tregs are crucial for immune regulation, and environment‐driven adaptation of effector (e)Tregs is essential for local functioning. However, the extent of human Treg heterogeneity in inflammatory settings is unclear. Methods We combined single‐cell RNA‐ and TCR‐sequencing on Tregs derived from three to six patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to investigate the functional heterogeneity of human synovial fluid (SF)‐derived Tregs from inflamed joints. Confirmation and suppressive function of the identified Treg clusters was assessed by flow cytometry. Results Four Treg clusters were identified; incoming, activated eTregs with either a dominant suppressive or cytotoxic profile, and GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs. Pseudotime analysis showed differentiation towards either classical eTreg profiles or GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs supported by TCR data. Despite its most differentiated phenotype, GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs were shown to be suppressive. Furthermore, BATF was identified as an overarching eTreg regulator, with the novel Treg‐associated regulon BHLHE40 driving differentiation towards GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs, and JAZF1 towards classical eTregs. Conclusion Our study reveals a heterogeneous population of Tregs at the site of inflammation in JIA. SF Treg differentiate to a classical eTreg profile with a more dominant suppressive or cytotoxic profile that share a similar TCR repertoire, or towards GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs with a more distinct TCR repertoire. Genes characterising GPR56+CD161+CXCL13+ Tregs were also mirrored in other T‐cell subsets in both the tumor and the autoimmune setting. Finally, the identified key regulators driving SF Treg adaptation may be interesting targets for autoimmunity or tumor interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Lutter
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M Marlot van der Wal
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eelco C Brand
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Maschmeyer
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastiaan Vastert
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Mir‐Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association Berlin Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charitéplatz 1 Berlin Germany
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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282
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The fellowship of regulatory and tissue-resident memory cells. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:64-73. [PMID: 34608235 PMCID: PMC8488068 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00456-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
T cells located in non-lymphoid tissues have come to prominence in recent years. CD8+ tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells are important for tissue immune surveillance, provide an important line of defence against invading pathogens and show promise in cancer therapies. These cells differ in phenotype from other memory populations, are adapted to the tissue they home to where they found their cognate antigen and have different metabolic requirements for survival and activation. CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells also consist of specialised populations, found in non-lymphoid tissues, with distinct transcriptional programmes. These cells have equally adapted to function in the tissue they made their home. Both Trm and Treg cells have functions beyond immune defence, involving tissue homeostasis, repair and turnover. They are part of a multicellular communication network. Intriguingly, occupying the same niche, Treg cells are important in the establishment of Trm cells, which may have implications to harness the immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis properties of Trm cells for future therapies.
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283
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Signore A, Catalano OA, Esfahani SA, Lauri C. PET Imaging of Autoimmune Diseases and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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284
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Lourenço JD, Ito JT, Martins MDA, Tibério IDFLC, Lopes FDTQDS. Th17/Treg Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:804919. [PMID: 34956243 PMCID: PMC8695876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.804919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17 and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several clinical and experimental studies have described the Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression. Due to its importance, many studies have also evaluated the effect of different treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells. However, discrepant results have been observed among different lung compartments, different COPD stages or local and systemic markers. Thus, the data must be carefully examined. In this context, this review explores and summarizes the recent outcomes of Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development and progression in clinical, experimental and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dias Lourenço
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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285
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Zhulai G, Oleinik E. Targeting regulatory T cells in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. Scand J Immunol 2021; 95:e13129. [PMID: 34936125 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand (PD-L) pathway and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of immune tolerance. Their activation in the tumor microenvironment contributes to the evasion of the transformed cells from the immune surveillance and the suppression of an antitumor immune response. Therefore, PD-1/PD-L1 and Tregs are important targets for cancer immunotherapy. Our review focuses on the current role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in Treg development and function in the tumor microenvironment. We also discuss combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and Treg-modulating agents affecting the adenosinergic pathway, TGF-β signaling, immune checkpoints, and other approaches to downregulation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Zhulai
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia Oleinik
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
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286
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Hall BM, Hall RM, Tran GT, Robinson CM, Wilcox PL, Rakesh PK, Wang C, Sharland AF, Verma ND, Hodgkinson SJ. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) Therapy Prevents Allograft Rejection by Promoting CD4 +CD25 + Ts2 Regulatory Cells That Are Antigen-Specific and Express IL-5 Receptor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714838. [PMID: 34912327 PMCID: PMC8667344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell population is heterogenous and contains three major sub-groups. First, thymus derived T regulatory cells (tTreg) that are naïve/resting. Second, activated/memory Treg that are produced by activation of tTreg by antigen and cytokines. Third, effector lineage CD4+CD25+T cells generated from CD4+CD25- T cells' activation by antigen to transiently express CD25 and Foxp3. We have shown that freshly isolated CD4+CD25+T cells are activated by specific alloantigen and IL-4, not IL-2, to Ts2 cells that express the IL-5 receptor alpha. Ts2 cells are more potent than naïve/resting tTreg in suppressing specific alloimmunity. Here, we showed rIL-5 promoted further activation of Ts2 cells to Th2-like Treg, that expressed foxp3, irf4, gata3 and il5. In vivo, we studied the effects of rIL-5 treatment on Lewis heart allograft survival in F344 rats. Host CD4+CD25+T cells were assessed by FACS, in mixed lymphocyte culture and by RT-PCR to examine mRNA of Ts2 or Th2-like Treg markers. rIL-5 treatment given 7 days after transplantation reduced the severity of rejection and all grafts survived ≥60d whereas sham treated rats fully rejected by day 31 (p<0.01). Treatment with anti-CD25 or anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody abolished the benefits of treatment with rIL-5 and accelerated rejection. After 10d treatment with rIL-5, hosts' CD4+CD25+ cells expressed more Il5ra and responded to specific donor Lewis but not self. Enriched CD4+CD25+ cells from rIL-5 treated rats with allografts surviving >60 days proliferated to specific donor only when rIL-5 was present and did not proliferate to self or third party. These cells had more mRNA for molecules expressed by Th2-like Treg including Irf4, gata3 and Il5. These findings were consistent with IL-5 treatment preventing rejection by activation of Ts2 cells and Th2-like Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M Hall
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Rachael M Hall
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Giang T Tran
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine M Robinson
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul L Wilcox
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Prateek K Rakesh
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Chuanmin Wang
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra F Sharland
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nirupama D Verma
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Hodgkinson
- Immune Tolerance Laboratory, South West Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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287
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Haddadi MH, Negahdari B. Clinical and diagnostic potential of regulatory T cell markers: From bench to bedside. Transpl Immunol 2021; 70:101518. [PMID: 34922022 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are heterogeneous immune cell populations residing in the thymus and peripheral lymphatic tissues. This immune cell plays a central and critical role in maintaining immune tolerance against undesirable immune responses. Treg cells' phenotypic heterogeneity caused by different pathological conditions makes their identification and differentiation from non-suppressive T cells difficult. On the other hand, using nonspecific markers and variable isolation panels leads to undesirable outcomes. There are a variety of markers to identify functional Treg cells, including CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA-4, as well as the epigenetic signature of forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), which can be used for both natural and induced Treg cells. Phenotypic heterogeneity is a major concern in Treg purification when using nonspecific markers, which can be addressed by utilizing suitable isolation panels designed for different purposes. This review presents a clinical framework for Treg detection and isolation, focusing on Treg markers such as CD25, FOXP3, CTLA-4, CD127, GPA-33, and TSDR demethylation to design Treg isolation panels suitable for different Treg therapy purposes. The current review also highlights new reliable Treg markers applicable for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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288
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Tanaka T, Sasaki N, Rikitake Y. Recent Advances on the Role and Therapeutic Potential of Regulatory T Cells in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245907. [PMID: 34945203 PMCID: PMC8707380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases, including ischemic heart disease and stroke, are a main cause of mortality worldwide. Chronic vascular inflammation via immune dysregulation is critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that regulatory T cells (Tregs), responsible for maintaining immunological tolerance and suppressing excessive immune responses, play an important role in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerosis through the regulation of pathogenic immunoinflammatory responses. Several strategies to prevent and treat atherosclerosis through the promotion of regulatory immune responses have been developed, and could be clinically applied for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the protective role of Tregs in atherosclerosis and discuss attractive approaches to treat atherosclerotic disease by augmenting regulatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.R.)
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-78-441-7579
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.R.)
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289
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Tan BJ, Sugata K, Reda O, Matsuo M, Uchiyama K, Miyazato P, Hahaut V, Yamagishi M, Uchimaru K, Suzuki Y, Ueno T, Suzushima H, Katsuya H, Tokunaga M, Uchiyama Y, Nakamura H, Sueoka E, Utsunomiya A, Ono M, Satou Y. HTLV-1 infection promotes excessive T cell activation and transformation into adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:150472. [PMID: 34907908 DOI: 10.1172/jci150472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mainly infects CD4+ T cells and induces chronic, persistent infection in infected individuals, with some developing adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). HTLV-1 alters cellular differentiation, activation, and survival; however, it is unknown whether and how these changes contribute to the malignant transformation of infected cells. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing and T cell receptor-sequencing to investigate the differentiation and HTLV-1-mediated transformation of T cells. We analyzed 87,742 PBMCs from 12 infected and 3 uninfected individuals. Using multiple independent bioinformatics methods, we demonstrated the seamless transition of naive T cells into activated T cells, whereby HTLV-1-infected cells in an activated state further transformed into ATL cells, which are characterized as clonally expanded, highly activated T cells. Notably, the greater the activation state of ATL cells, the more they acquire Treg signatures. Intriguingly, the expression of HLA class II genes in HTLV-1-infected cells was uniquely induced by the viral protein Tax and further upregulated in ATL cells. Functional assays revealed that HTLV-1-infected cells upregulated HLA class II molecules and acted as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells to induce anergy of antigen-specific T cells. In conclusion, our study revealed the in vivo mechanisms of HTLV-1-mediated transformation and immune escape at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjy Jy Tan
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugata
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection
| | - Omnia Reda
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Misaki Matsuo
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
| | | | - Paola Miyazato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
| | - Vincent Hahaut
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Makoto Yamagishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences and
| | - Kaoru Uchimaru
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences and
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzushima
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroo Katsuya
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and.,Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokunaga
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Uchiyama
- Division of Informative Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Eisaburo Sueoka
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Atae Utsunomiya
- Department of Hematology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection.,International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), and
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290
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Maeda Y, Wada H, Sugiyama D, Saito T, Irie T, Itahashi K, Minoura K, Suzuki S, Kojima T, Kakimi K, Nakajima J, Funakoshi T, Iida S, Oka M, Shimamura T, Doi T, Doki Y, Nakayama E, Ueda R, Nishikawa H. Depletion of central memory CD8 + T cells might impede the antitumor therapeutic effect of Mogamulizumab. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7280. [PMID: 34907192 PMCID: PMC8671535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important negative regulators of immune homeostasis, but in cancers they tone down the anti-tumor immune response. They are distinguished by high expression levels of the chemokine receptor CCR4, hence their targeting by the anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibody mogamulizumab holds therapeutic promise. Here we show that despite a significant reduction in peripheral effector Treg cells, clinical responses are minimal in a cohort of patients with advanced CCR4-negative solid cancer in a phase Ib study (NCT01929486). Comprehensive immune-monitoring reveals that the abundance of CCR4-expressing central memory CD8+ T cells that are known to play roles in the antitumor immune response is reduced. In long survivors, characterised by lower CCR4 expression in their central memory CD8+ T cells possessed and/or NK cells with an exhausted phenotype, cell numbers are eventually maintained. Our study thus shows that mogamulizumab doses that are currently administered to patients in clinical studies may not differentiate between targeting effector Treg cells and central memory CD8+ T cells, and dosage refinement might be necessary to avoid depletion of effector components during immune therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Male
- Memory T Cells/drug effects
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Receptors, CCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CCR4/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Grants
- Research Activity Start-up grant no. 15H06878, for Young Scientists (B) grant no. 17K15738 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.the Projects for Cancer Research by Therapeutic Evolution [P-CREATE, no. 17cm0106322h0002]
- Scientific Research (B) grant no. 19H03729 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
- the Development of Technology for Patient Stratification Biomarker Discovery grant [no.19ae0101074s0401] from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) grant no. 17H06162, for Challenging Exploratory Research grant no. 16K15551, from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; the Projects for Cancer Research by Therapeutic Evolution [P-CREATE, no. 16cm0106301h0001, the Development of Technology for Patient Stratification Biomarker Discovery grant [no.19ae0101074s0401] from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), the National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund [no. 28-A-7 and 31-A-7]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Maeda
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045/Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuma Irie
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045/Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kota Itahashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045/Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kodai Minoura
- Department of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Susumu Suzuki
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeru Funakoshi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Iida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya City University Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mikio Oka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Doi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakayama
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Ueda
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan.
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo, 104-0045/Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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291
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Aubergeon L, Sawaf M, Felten R, Gottenberg JE, Dumortier H, Monneaux F. High BTLA Expression Likely Contributes to Contraction of the Regulatory T Cell Subset in Lupus Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767099. [PMID: 34899718 PMCID: PMC8656397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a co-inhibitory receptor that is expressed by lymphoid cells and regulates the immune response. Consistent with an inhibitory role for BTLA, the disease is exacerbated in BTLA-deficient lupus mice. We recently demonstrated that the BTLA pathway is altered in CD4+ T cells from lupus patients. In the present work, we aimed at delineating the expression pattern of BTLA on CD4+ T cell subsets suspected to play a key role in lupus pathogenesis, such as circulating follicular helper T cells (cTFH) and regulatory T cells (Tregs). We did not detect significant ex vivo variations of BTLA expression on total CD4+ T cells (naive and memory), cTFH or TFH subsets between lupus patients and healthy controls. However, we interestingly observed that BTLA expression is significantly increased on activated Tregs, but not resting Tregs, from lupus patients, especially those displaying an active disease. Moreover, it correlates with the diminution of the Tregs frequency observed in these patients. We also showed that both BTLA mRNA and protein expression remain low after TCR stimulation of activated Tregs sorted from healthy donors and evidenced a similar dynamic of BTLA and HVEM expression profile by human Tregs and effector CD4+ T cells upon T cell activation than the one previously described in mice. Finally, we observed that the HVEM/BTLA ratio is significantly lower in Tregs from lupus patients compared to healthy controls, whereas ex vivo effector CD4+ T cells express higher BTLA levels. Our data suggest that an altered expression of BTLA and HVEM could be involved in an impaired regulation of autoreactive T cells in lupus. These results provide a better understanding of the BTLA involvement in lupus pathogenesis and confirm that BTLA should be considered as an interesting target for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aubergeon
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthieu Sawaf
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Felten
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France.,Rheumatology Department, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Monneaux
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg, France
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292
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Sun Q, Li Y, Yang X, Wu X, Liu Z, Mou Y, Song X. Identification and Validation of 17-lncRNA Related to Regulatory T Cell Heterogeneity as a Prognostic Signature for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782216. [PMID: 34880875 PMCID: PMC8645855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful eradication of tumors by the immune system depends on generation of antigen-specific T cells that migrate to tumor sites and kill cancerous cells. However, presence of suppressive Treg populations inside tumor microenvironment hinders effector T cell function and decreases antitumor immunity. In this study we independently evaluated and confirmed prognostic signature of 17-Treg-related-lncRNA. Immune cell infiltration analysis using 17-lncRNA signature as a probe, accurately described Treg populations in tumor immune microenvironment. 17-lncRNA signature model predicted prognosis with excellent accuracy in all three cohorts: training cohort (AUC=0.82), testing cohort (AUC=0.61) and total cohort (AUC=0.72). The Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed that the overall survival of patients in the low-risk group was significantly better than those in the high-risk group(P<0.001). CIBERSORT analysis confirmed that low risk group had higher infiltration of tumor killer CD8 T cells, memory activated CD4 T cells, follicular helper T cells and T cells regulatory (Tregs), and lower expression of M0 macrophages and Mast cells activated. These results indicate that the 17-lncRNA signature is a novel prognostic and support the use of lncRNA as a stratification tool to help guide the course of treatment and clinical decision making in patients at high risk of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yakui Mou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
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293
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Frafjord A, Buer L, Hammarström C, Aamodt H, Woldbæk PR, Brustugun OT, Helland Å, Øynebråten I, Corthay A. The Immune Landscape of Human Primary Lung Tumors Is Th2 Skewed. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764596. [PMID: 34868011 PMCID: PMC8637168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific T helper (Th) cells have a central role in the immune response against cancer. However, there exist distinct Th cell subsets with very different and antagonizing properties. Some Th subsets such as Th1 protect against cancer, while others (Th2, T regulatory/Treg) are considered detrimental or of unknown significance (T follicular helper/Tfh, Th17). The Th composition of human solid tumors remains poorly characterized. Therefore, we established a four-color multiplex chromogenic immunohistochemical assay for detection of Th1, Th2, Th17, Tfh and Treg cells in human tumor sections. The method was used to analyze resected primary lung tumors from 11 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Four microanatomical regions were investigated: tumor epithelium, tumor stroma, peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and non-cancerous distal lung tissue. In tumor epithelium and stroma, most CD4+ T cells identified had either a Th2 (GATA-3+CD3+CD8-) or Treg (FOXP3+CD3+CD8-) phenotype, whereas only low numbers of Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells were observed. Similarly, Th2 was the most abundant Th subset in TLS, followed by Treg cells. In sharp contrast, Th1 was the most frequently detected Th subset in non-cancerous lung tissue from the same patients. A higher Th1:Th2 ratio in tumor stroma was found to be associated with increased numbers of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The predominance of Th2 and Treg cells in both tumor stroma and tumor epithelium was consistent for all the 11 patients investigated. We conclude that human primary NSCLC tumors are Th2-skewed and contain numerous Treg cells. If human tumors are Th2-skewed, as our data in NSCLC suggest, reprogramming the type of immune response from a detrimental Th2 to a beneficial Th1 may be critical to increase the response rate of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astri Frafjord
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Buer
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clara Hammarström
- Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Aamodt
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Reidar Woldbæk
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ullevål Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd Terje Brustugun
- Section of Oncology, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øynebråten
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre Corthay
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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294
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Zhang H, Costabel U, Dai H. The Role of Diverse Immune Cells in Sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788502. [PMID: 34868074 PMCID: PMC8640342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology characterized by tissue infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes and associated non-caseating granuloma formation. The disease primarily affects the lungs. Patients suffering from sarcoidosis show a wide range of clinical symptoms, natural history and disease outcomes. Originally described as a Th1-driven disease, sarcoidosis involves a complex interplay among diverse immune cells. This review highlights recent advances in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, with emphasis on the role of different immune cells. Accumulative evidence suggests Th17 cells, IFN-γ-producing Th17 cells or Th17.1 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role. However, their specific actions, whether protective or pathogenic, remain to be clarified. Macrophages are also involved in granuloma formation, and M2 polarization may be predictive of fibrosis. Previously neglected cells including B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells were studied more recently for their contribution to sarcoid granuloma formation. Despite these advances, the pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, indicating an urgent need for further research to reveal the distinct immunological events in this process, with hope to open up new therapeutic avenues and if possible, to develop preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Costabel
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology Department, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
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295
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Abrignani S, Addo R, Akdis M, Andrä I, Andreata F, Annunziato F, Arranz E, Bacher P, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Baumjohann D, Beccaria CG, Bernardo D, Boardman DA, Borger J, Böttcher C, Brockmann L, Burns M, Busch DH, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cassotta A, Chang Y, Chirdo FG, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Cook L, Corbett AJ, Cornelis R, Cosmi L, Davey MS, De Biasi S, De Simone G, del Zotto G, Delacher M, Di Rosa F, Di Santo J, Diefenbach A, Dong J, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dutertre CA, Eckle SBG, Eede P, Evrard M, Falk CS, Feuerer M, Fillatreau S, Fiz-Lopez A, Follo M, Foulds GA, Fröbel J, Gagliani N, Galletti G, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Garrote JA, Geginat J, Gherardin NA, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Godfrey DI, Gruarin P, Haftmann C, Hansmann L, Harpur CM, Hayday AC, Heine G, Hernández DC, Herrmann M, Hoelsken O, Huang Q, Huber S, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hwang WYK, Iannacone M, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Keller B, Kessler N, Ketelaars S, Knop L, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Krueger A, Kuehne JF, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Latorre D, Lenz D, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Long HM, Lugli E, MacDonald KN, Maggi L, Maini MK, Mair F, Manta C, Manz RA, Mashreghi MF, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Monin L, Moretta L, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Muscate F, Natalini A, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Niemz J, Almeida LN, Notarbartolo S, Ostendorf L, Pallett LJ, Patel AA, Percin GI, Peruzzi G, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pujol-Autonell I, Pulvirenti N, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Rhys H, Rodrigo MB, Romagnani C, Saggau C, Sakaguchi S, Sallusto F, Sanderink L, Sandrock I, Schauer C, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schober K, Schoen J, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schulz S, Schulze J, Simonetti S, Singh J, Sitnik KM, Stark R, Starossom S, Stehle C, Szelinski F, Tan L, Tarnok A, Tornack J, Tree TIM, van Beek JJP, van de Veen W, van Gisbergen K, Vasco C, Verheyden NA, von Borstel A, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Waskow C, Wiedemann A, Wilharm A, Wing J, Wirz O, Wittner J, Yang JHM, Yang J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2708-3145. [PMID: 34910301 PMCID: PMC11115438 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Abrignani
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Addo
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Andreata
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eduardo Arranz
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristian G. Beccaria
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David Bernardo
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Brockmann
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Marie Burns
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Yinshui Chang
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cornelis
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Simone
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michael Delacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - James Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Dong
- Cell Biology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), An Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Aida Fiz-Lopez
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Lighthouse Core Facility, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julia Fröbel
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Giovanni Galletti
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - José Antonio Garrote
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biomedicina y Genética Molecular de Valladolid (IBGM, Universidad de Valladolid-CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jens Geginat
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paola Gruarin
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher M. Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian C. Hayday
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Guido Heine
- Division of Allergy, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Carolina Hernández
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Hoelsken
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine M. Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Knop
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny F. Kuehne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniel Lenz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Heather M. Long
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Katherine N. MacDonald
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Mair
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Calin Manta
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Armin Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Härtelstr.16, −18, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leticia Monin
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Immunosurveillance Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Franziska Muscate
- Department of Medicine, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ambra Natalini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jana Niemz
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Lennard Ostendorf
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura J. Pallett
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amit A. Patel
- Institut National de la Sante Et de la Recherce Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisee-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Gulce Itir Percin
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center for Life Nano & Neuro Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nadia Pulvirenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundorra, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hefin Rhys
- Flow Cytometry Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Maria B. Rodrigo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lieke Sanderink
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel & Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Mikrobiologisches Institut – Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Janina Schoen
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel R. Schulz
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Schulze
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Jeeshan Singh
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Regina Stark
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin – BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Sanquin Research – Adaptive Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Starossom
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Stehle
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Preclinical Development and Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Tornack
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timothy I. M. Tree
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jasper J. P. van Beek
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Vasco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten A. Ward-Hartstonge
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Immunology of Aging, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Oliver Wirz
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jens Wittner
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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Fujioka Y, Sugiyama D, Matsumura I, Minami Y, Miura M, Atsuta Y, Ohtake S, Kiyoi H, Miyazaki Y, Nishikawa H, Takahashi N. Regulatory T Cell as a Biomarker of Treatment-Free Remission in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5904. [PMID: 34885012 PMCID: PMC8657169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment-free remission (TFR) has become a therapeutic goal in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and approximately half of the patients with chronic phase-CML (CML-CP) with deep molecular remission (DMR) by tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have achieved TFR. However, the mechanism of continuous TFR is still unclear, as there are "fluctuate" patients who have BCR-ABL-positive leukemia cells but do not observe obvious relapse. We focused on the immune response and conducted an immune analysis using clinical samples from the imatinib discontinuation study, JALSG-STIM213. The results showed that, in the group that maintained TFR for 3 years, changes in regulatory T (Treg) cells were observed early after stopping imatinib treatment. The effector Treg (eTreg) cells increased transiently at 1 month after stopping imatinib and then returned to baseline at 3 months after stopping imatinib treatment. There was no difference in the Treg phenotype, and CD8+ T cells in the TFR group were relatively activated. High concentrations of imatinib before stopping were negatively correlated with eTreg cells after stopping imatinib. These data suggest immunological involvement in the maintenance of the TFR, and that Treg cells after stopping imatinib might be a biomarker for TFR. Furthermore, high imatinib exposure may have a negative immunological impact on the continuous TFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujioka
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Itaru Matsumura
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kinki University Hospital, Osaka 589-8511, Japan;
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan;
| | - Masatomo Miura
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, Akita 010-8543, Japan;
| | - Yoshiko Atsuta
- The Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagoya 461-0047, Japan;
| | | | - Hitoshi Kiyoi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Yasushi Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan;
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba 277-8577, Japan;
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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297
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Jarosch S, Köhlen J, Sarker RS, Steiger K, Janssen KP, Christians A, Hennig C, Holler E, D'Ippolito E, Busch DH. Multiplexed imaging and automated signal quantification in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by ChipCytometry. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100104. [PMID: 35475000 PMCID: PMC9017205 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the spatial composition of cells in tissues is essential for detailed understanding of biological processes in health and disease. Recent technological advances enabled the assessment of the enormous complexity of tissue-derived parameters by highly multiplexed tissue imaging (HMTI), but elaborate machinery and data analyses are required. This severely limits broad applicability of HMTI. Here we demonstrate for the first time the application of ChipCytometry technology, which has unique features for widespread use, on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, the most commonly used storage technique of clinically relevant patient specimens worldwide. The excellent staining quality permits workflows for automated quantification of signal intensities, which we further optimized to compensate signal spillover from neighboring cells. In combination with the high number of validated markers, the reported platform can be used from unbiased analyses of tissue composition to detection of phenotypically complex rare cells, and can be easily implemented in both routine research and clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Köhlen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rim S.J. Sarker
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elvira D'Ippolito
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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298
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Rollison DE, Messina JL, Cherpelis BS, Fenske NA, Schell MJ, Adeegbe DO, Zhao Y, Amorrortu RP, Akuffo AA, Hesterberg RS, Epling-Burnette PK. Circulating Immunosuppressive Regulatory T Cells Predict Risk of Incident Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:735585. [PMID: 34796183 PMCID: PMC8593034 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.735585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation exposure (UVR) is a risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) and has been shown to be positively associated with circulating immunosuppressive regulatory T cells ("Tregs"). However, the risk of cuSCC in association with circulating Tregs has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating Treg levels are associated with cuSCC development, particularly in the context of high UVR. Blood and spectrophotometer-based UVR measurements were obtained on 327 immunocompetent individuals undergoing routine skin cancer screenings at baseline and followed for up to 4 years for incident cuSCC development within a prospective cohort study. Proportions of phenotypically distinct Tregs, especially CCR4hi and CLA+ cells which are associated with activation and homing, respectively, were measured by flow cytometry. Tregs in cuSCC tumors were assessed using immunohistochemistry and graded for solar elastosis, a measure of cumulative UVR damage. Of several Treg phenotypes examined, higher levels of circulating CCR4hi Tregs at baseline were significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent cuSCC; those with higher levels of both CCR4hi and UVR were four times more likely to develop cuSCC compared to those with lower levels of both (Hazard Ratio = 4.11, 95% CI = 1.22-13.90). Within cuSCC tumors, CCR4hi Tregs were positively associated with solar elastosis. Results show that a higher proportion of CCR4hi peripheral Tregs predicts incident cuSCC up to 4 years, especially among highly UV-exposed individuals. Research of the underpinning biology of Tregs in UVR-associated skin damage may possibly reveal novel opportunities for screening, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jane L Messina
- Departments of Pathology and Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Basil S Cherpelis
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Neil A Fenske
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael J Schell
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dennis O Adeegbe
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yayi Zhao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Afua A Akuffo
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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299
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Lee HR, Yoo SJ, Kim J, Park CK, Kang SW. Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Attenuates the Inflammatory Response of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212411. [PMID: 34830290 PMCID: PMC8624216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and oxidation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are out of balance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the correlation between ROS and T cell subsets in RA remains unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 10) were isolated from whole blood samples. Synovial tissues (n = 3) and synovial fluid (n = 10) were obtained from patients with RA. The repartition of T cell subsets and expression of ROS and cytokines were examined according to RA severity. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with RA were stimulated with PBMCs and the expression of inflammation-related molecules were measured by RT-PCR and cytokine array. Regulatory T cells from patients with moderate (5.1 > DAS28 ≥ 3.2) RA showed the highest expression of mitochondrial ROS among the groups based on disease severity. Although ROS levels steadily increased with RA severity, there was a slight decline in severe RA (DAS28 ≥ 5.1) compared with moderate RA. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in RA FLSs were significantly inhibited when FLSs were co-cultured with PBMCs treated with ROS inhibitor. These findings provide a novel approach to suppress inflammatory response of FLSs through ROS regulation in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Reum Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yoo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Chan Keol Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20 Bodeum-7-ro, Sejong 30099, Korea;
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-R.L.); (S.-J.Y.); (J.K.)
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-338-2428
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300
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Tulyeu J, Søndergaard JN, Sakaguchi S, Wing JB. Isolation and Characterization of Both Human and Mouse Tfh/Tfr Cells. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e283. [PMID: 34748274 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 have a critical role for the control of immune homeostasis. The Treg subgroup T follicular regulatory cells (Tfr) have a specialized function to travel to the B cell follicle and control antibody responses. While Tfr may be identified by their protein or gene expression profiles, the use of in vitro functional assays to determine their suppressive capacity is important to further characterize these cells. Here we present methods for the identification and purification of Tfr from both mice and humans followed by co-culture with B cells and T follicular helper cells (Tfh). The suppressive activity of the Tfr is then assessed by the ability to prevent Tfh-dependent B cell class switching and plasma blast formation measured by flow cytometry and immunoglobulin production in culture supernatants measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These assays will also provide in-depth characterization of the functional suppressive capacity of any isolated Tfr or Treg population. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of murine T follicular regulatory cells Basic Protocol 2: Measurement of murine T follicular regulatory cell suppressive function Basic Protocol 3: Isolation of human T follicular regulatory cells Basic Protocol 4: Measurement of human T follicular regulatory cell suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janyerkye Tulyeu
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jonas N Søndergaard
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - James B Wing
- Human Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CIDER), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Human Immunology (Single Cell Immunology), WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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