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Butnariu LI, Florea L, Badescu MC, Țarcă E, Costache II, Gorduza EV. Etiologic Puzzle of Coronary Artery Disease: How Important Is Genetic Component? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060865. [PMID: 35743896 PMCID: PMC9225091 DOI: 10.3390/life12060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the modern era, coronary artery disease (CAD) has become the most common form of heart disease and, due to the severity of its clinical manifestations and its acute complications, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The phenotypic variability of CAD is correlated with the complex etiology, multifactorial (caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors) but also monogenic. The purpose of this review is to present the genetic factors involved in the etiology of CAD and their relationship to the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. Method: we analyzed data from the literature, starting with candidate gene-based association studies, then continuing with extensive association studies such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The results of these studies revealed that the number of genetic factors involved in CAD etiology is impressive. The identification of new genetic factors through GWASs offers new perspectives on understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that determine CAD. In conclusion, deciphering the genetic architecture of CAD by extended genomic analysis (GWAS/WES) will establish new therapeutic targets and lead to the development of new treatments. The identification of individuals at high risk for CAD using polygenic risk scores (PRS) will allow early prophylactic measures and personalized therapy to improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
| | - Laura Florea
- Department of Nefrology—Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
- III Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 1 Independence Boulevard, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Elena Țarcă
- Department of Surgery II—Pediatric Surgery, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.B.); (E.Ț.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania; (L.I.B.); (E.V.G.)
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252
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Semaglutide treatment attenuates vessel remodelling in ApoE-/- mice following vascular injury and blood flow perturbation. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2022; 49:32-41. [PMID: 36644202 PMCID: PMC9833261 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Randomized clinical studies have shown a reduction in cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) treatment with the hypothesized mechanisms being an underlying effect on atherosclerosis. Here, we aimed to assess the pharmacological effects of semaglutide in an atheroprone murine model that recapitulates central mechanisms related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching and endothelial dysfunction known to operate within the atherosclerotic plaque. Methods In study A, we employed an electrical current to the carotid artery in ApoE-/- mice to induce severe VSMC injury and death, after which the arteries were allowed to heal for 4 weeks. In study B, a constrictive cuff was added for 6 h at the site of the healed segment to induce a disturbance in blood flow. Results Compared to vehicle, semaglutide treatment reduced the intimal and medial area by ∼66% (p = 0.007) and ∼11% (p = 0.0002), respectively. Following cuff placement, expression of the pro-inflammatory marker osteopontin and macrophage marker Mac-2 was reduced (p < 0.05) in the semaglutide-treated group compared to vehicle. GLP-1R were not expressed in murine carotid artery and human coronary vessels with and without atherosclerotic plaques, and semaglutide treatment did not affect proliferation of cultured primary human VSMCs. Conclusions Semaglutide treatment reduced vessel remodelling following electrical injury and blood flow perturbation in an atheroprone mouse model. This effect appears to be driven by anti-inflammatory and -proliferative mechanisms independent of GLP-1 receptor-mediated signalling in the resident vascular cells. This mechanism of action may be important for cardiovascular protection.
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253
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Chromatin profiling of coronary artery illuminates genetic risk for heart disease. Nat Genet 2022; 54:750-751. [PMID: 35618847 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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254
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The Effect of Activated FXIII, a Transglutaminase, on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105845. [PMID: 35628664 PMCID: PMC9144255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma factor XIII (pFXIII) is a heterotetramer of FXIII-A and FXIII-B subunits. The cellular form (cFXIII), a dimer of FXIII-A, is present in a number of cell types. Activated FXIII (FXIIIa), a transglutaminase, plays an important role in clot stabilization, wound healing, angiogenesis and maintenance of pregnancy. It has a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts, which have been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Our aim was to explore the effect of FXIIIa on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), another major cell type in the atherosclerotic plaque. Osteoblastic transformation induced by Pi and Ca2+ failed to elicit the expression of cFXIII in HAoSMCs. EZ4U, CCK-8 and CytoSelect Wound Healing assays were used to investigate cell proliferation and migration. The Sircol Collagen Assay Kit was used to monitor collagen secretion. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) levels were measured by ELISA. Cell-associated TSP-1 was detected by the immunofluorescence technique. The TSP-1 mRNA level was estimated by RT-qPCR. Activated recombinant cFXIII (rFXIIIa) increased cell proliferation and collagen secretion. In parallel, a 67% decrease in TSP-1 concentration in the medium and a 2.5-fold increase in cells were observed. TSP-1 mRNA did not change significantly. These effects of FXIIIa might contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques.
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255
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Zhou W, Bai Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang B, Liu H. Revealing the Critical Regulators of Modulated Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis in Mice. Front Genet 2022; 13:900358. [PMID: 35677564 PMCID: PMC9168464 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are still residual risks for atherosclerosis (AS)-associated cardiovascular diseases to be resolved. Considering the vital role of phenotypic switching of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in AS, especially in calcification, targeting SMC phenotypic modulation holds great promise for clinical implications. Methods: To perform an unbiased and systematic analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism of phenotypic switching of SMCs during AS in mice, we searched and included several publicly available single-cell datasets from the GEO database, resulting in an inclusion of more than 80,000 cells. Algorithms implemented in the Seurat package were used for cell clustering and cell atlas depiction. The pySCENIC and SCENIC packages were used to identify master regulators of interested cell groups. Monocle2 was used to perform pseudotime analysis. clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis. Results: After dimensionality reduction and clustering, reliable annotation was performed. Comparative analysis between cells from normal artery and AS lesions revealed that three clusters emerged as AS progression, designated as mSMC1, mSMC2, and mSMC3. Transcriptional and functional enrichment analysis established a continuous transitional mode of SMCs’ transdifferentiation to mSMCs, which is further supported by pseudotime analysis. A total of 237 regulons were identified with varying activity scores across cell types. A potential core regulatory network was constructed for SMC and mSMC subtypes. In addition, module analysis revealed a coordinate regulatory mode of regulons for a specific cell type. Intriguingly, consistent with gain of ossification-related transcriptional and functional characteristics, a corresponding small set of regulators contributing to osteochondral reprogramming was identified in mSMC3, including Dlx5, Sox9, and Runx2. Conclusion: Gene regulatory network inference indicates a hierarchical organization of regulatory modules that work together in fine-tuning cellular states. The analysis here provides a valuable resource that can provide guidance for subsequent biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiao Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Health Care, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Liu,
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256
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Clinical risk scores for stroke correlate with molecular signatures of vulnerability in symptomatic carotid patients. iScience 2022; 25:104219. [PMID: 35494231 PMCID: PMC9046225 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Unstable carotid stenosis is an important cause of ischemic stroke, yet the basis of disease pathophysiology remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that integrated analyses of symptomatic carotid stenosis patients at increased stroke risk stratified by clinical scores, CAR and ABCD2, with transcriptomic and clinical data could improve identification of molecular pathways and targets for instability. We show that high CAR score reflects plaque instability processes related to intra-plaque hemorrhage, angiogenesis, inflammation, and foam cell differentiation, whereas ABCD2 associates with neutrophil-mediated immunity, foam cell differentiation, cholesterol transport, and coagulation. Repressed processes in plaques from high-risk patients were ossification, chondrocyte differentiation, SMC migration, and ECM organization. ABCB5 gene was found as the top upregulated in high-risk patient’s plaques, localized to macrophages in areas with neovascularization and intra-plaque hemorrhage. The link between ABCB5 and intra-plaque hemorrhage suggests its key role for plaque instability that warrants further exploration. We integrated stroke risk in carotid stenosis patients with plaque transcriptomics High CAR and ABCD2 scores reflect plaque instability processes and hemorrhage ABCB5 is upregulated in high-risk plaques, macrophages, and around neovessels CAR and ABCD2 capture vulnerable plaque features and improve risk stratification
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257
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Turner AW, Hu SS, Mosquera JV, Ma WF, Hodonsky CJ, Wong D, Auguste G, Song Y, Sol-Church K, Farber E, Kundu S, Kundaje A, Lopez NG, Ma L, Ghosh SKB, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Ashley EA, Quertermous T, Finn AV, Leeper NJ, Kovacic JC, Björkgren JLM, Zang C, Miller CL. Single-nucleus chromatin accessibility profiling highlights regulatory mechanisms of coronary artery disease risk. Nat Genet 2022; 54:804-816. [PMID: 35590109 PMCID: PMC9203933 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex inflammatory disease involving genetic influences across cell types. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 200 loci associated with CAD, where the majority of risk variants reside in noncoding DNA sequences impacting cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Here, we applied single-nucleus ATAC-seq to profile 28,316 nuclei across coronary artery segments from 41 patients with varying stages of CAD, which revealed 14 distinct cellular clusters. We mapped ~320,000 accessible sites across all cells, identified cell type-specific elements, transcription factors, and prioritized functional CAD risk variants. . We identified elements in smooth muscle cell (SMC) transition states (e.g. fibromyocytes) and functional variants predicted to alter SMC and macrophage-specific regulation of MRAS (3q22) and LIPA (10q23), respectively. We further nominated key driver transcription factors such as PRDM16 and TBX2. Together, this single nucleus atlas provides a critical step towards interpreting regulatory mechanisms across the continuum of CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shengen Shawn Hu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wei Feng Ma
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katia Sol-Church
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Genome Analysis & Technology Core, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Genome Sciences Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Soumya Kundu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas G Lopez
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lijiang Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Genome Sciences Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkgren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. .,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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258
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Bosmans LA, van Tiel CM, Aarts SABM, Willemsen L, Baardman J, van Os BW, den Toom M, Beckers L, Ahern DJ, Levels JHM, Jongejan A, Moerland PD, Verberk SGS, van den Bossche J, de Winther MMPJ, Weber C, Atzler D, Monaco C, Gerdes N, Shami A, Lutgens E. Myeloid CD40 deficiency reduces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophages' transition into a pro-inflammatory state. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:1146-1160. [PMID: 35587037 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS CD40 and its ligand, CD40L, play a critical role in driving atherosclerotic plaque development. Disrupted CD40-signaling reduces experimental atherosclerosis and induces a favourable stable plaque phenotype. We recently showed that small molecule-based inhibition of CD40-TNF Receptor Associated Factor-6 interactions attenuates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic mice via macrophage-driven mechanisms. The present study aims to detail the function of myeloid CD40 in atherosclerosis using myeloid-specific CD40-deficient mice. METHOD AND RESULTS Cd40flox/flox and LysM-cre Cd40flox/flox mice on an Apoe-/- background were generated (CD40wt and CD40mac-/-, respectively). Atherosclerotic lesion size, as well as plaque macrophage content, were reduced in CD40mac-/- compared to CD40wt mice and their plaques displayed a reduction in necrotic core size. Transcriptomics analysis of the CD40mac-/- atherosclerotic aorta revealed downregulated pathways of immune pathways and inflammatory responses.Loss of CD40 in macrophages changed the representation of aortic macrophage subsets. Mass cytometry analysis revealed a higher content of a subset of alternative or resident-like CD206 + CD209b- macrophages in the atherosclerotic aorta of CD40mac-/- compared to CD40wt mice. RNA-sequencing of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) of CD40mac-/- mice demonstrated upregulation of genes associated with alternatively activated macrophages (including Folr2, Thbs1, Sdc1 and Tns1). CONCLUSIONS We here show that absence of CD40 signalling in myeloid cells reduces atherosclerosis and limits systemic inflammation by preventing a shift in macrophage polarization towards pro-inflammatory states. Our study confirms the merit of macrophage-targeted inhibition of CD40 as a valuable therapeutic strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Bosmans
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram W van Os
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David J Ahern
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno M P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.,Walter-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annelie Shami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dept. of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) & Amsterdam Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Experimental Cardiovascular Immunology Laboratory, Dept of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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259
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Bachmann JC, Baumgart SJ, Uryga AK, Bosteen MH, Borghetti G, Nyberg M, Herum KM. Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD. Cells 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 35626694 PMCID: PMC9139546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atherosclerosis-driven coronary artery disease (CAD) will have ongoing fibrotic remodeling both in the myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the functional consequences of fibrosis differ for each location. Thus, cardiac fibrosis leads to myocardial stiffening, thereby compromising cardiac function, while fibrotic remodeling stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, thereby reducing the risk of plaque rupture. Although there are currently no drugs targeting cardiac fibrosis, it is a field under intense investigation, and future drugs must take these considerations into account. To explore similarities and differences of fibrotic remodeling at these two locations of the heart, we review the signaling pathways that are activated in the main extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells, namely human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although these signaling pathways are highly overlapping and context-dependent, effects on ECM remodeling mainly act through two core signaling cascades: TGF-β and Angiotensin II. We complete this by summarizing the knowledge gained from clinical trials targeting these two central fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate M. Herum
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark; (J.C.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.K.U.); (M.H.B.); (G.B.); (M.N.)
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260
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Chowdhury RR, D’Addabbo J, Huang X, Veizades S, Sasagawa K, Louis DM, Cheng P, Sokol J, Jensen A, Tso A, Shankar V, Wendel BS, Bakerman I, Liang G, Koyano T, Fong R, Nau A, Ahmad H, Gopakumar JK, Wirka R, Lee A, Boyd J, Joseph Woo Y, Quertermous T, Gulati G, Jaiswal S, Chien YH, Chan C, Davis MM, Nguyen PK. Human Coronary Plaque T Cells Are Clonal and Cross-React to Virus and Self. Circ Res 2022; 130:1510-1530. [PMID: 35430876 PMCID: PMC9286288 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease is an incurable, life-threatening disease that was once considered primarily a disorder of lipid deposition. Coronary artery disease is now also characterized by chronic inflammation' notable for the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques containing immune cells in various states of activation and differentiation. Understanding how these immune cells contribute to disease progression may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS We used single-cell technology and in vitro assays to interrogate the immune microenvironment of human coronary atherosclerotic plaque at different stages of maturity. RESULTS In addition to macrophages, we found a high proportion of αβ T cells in the coronary plaques. Most of these T cells lack high expression of CCR7 and L-selectin, indicating that they are primarily antigen-experienced memory cells. Notably, nearly one-third of these cells express the HLA-DRA surface marker, signifying activation through their TCRs (T-cell receptors). Consistent with this, TCR repertoire analysis confirmed the presence of activated αβ T cells (CD4<CD8), exhibiting clonal expansion of specific TCRs. Interestingly, we found that these plaque T cells had TCRs specific for influenza, coronavirus, and other viral epitopes, which share sequence homologies to proteins found on smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, suggesting potential autoimmune-mediated T-cell activation in the absence of active infection. To better understand the potential function of these activated plaque T cells, we then interrogated their transcriptome at the single-cell level. Of the 3 T-cell phenotypic clusters with the highest expression of the activation marker HLA-DRA, 2 clusters expressed a proinflammatory and cytolytic signature characteristic of CD8 cells, while the other expressed AREG (amphiregulin), which promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation and fibrosis, and, thus, contributes to plaque progression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that plaque T cells are clonally expanded potentially by antigen engagement, are potentially reactive to self-epitopes, and may interact with smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the plaque microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
- Department of Medicine (Section of Genetic Medicine), University of Chicago
| | - Jessica D’Addabbo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
| | - Xianxi Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Stefan Veizades
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Edinburgh Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Koki Sasagawa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
| | | | - Paul Cheng
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Jan Sokol
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Alexandria Tso
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Vishnu Shankar
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Ben Shogo Wendel
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
| | - Isaac Bakerman
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Grace Liang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Tiffany Koyano
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Robyn Fong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Allison Nau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
| | - Herra Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University
| | | | - Robert Wirka
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
| | - Andrew Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jack Boyd
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University
| | | | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
| | - Gunsagar Gulati
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | | | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
| | - Charles Chan
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University
- Edinburgh Medical School, United Kingdom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
| | - Patricia K. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Stanford University
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University
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261
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Eraslan G, Drokhlyansky E, Anand S, Fiskin E, Subramanian A, Slyper M, Wang J, Van Wittenberghe N, Rouhana JM, Waldman J, Ashenberg O, Lek M, Dionne D, Win TS, Cuoco MS, Kuksenko O, Tsankov AM, Branton PA, Marshall JL, Greka A, Getz G, Segrè AV, Aguet F, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Ardlie KG, Regev A. Single-nucleus cross-tissue molecular reference maps toward understanding disease gene function. Science 2022; 376:eabl4290. [PMID: 35549429 PMCID: PMC9383269 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding gene function and regulation in homeostasis and disease requires knowledge of the cellular and tissue contexts in which genes are expressed. Here, we applied four single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods to eight diverse, archived, frozen tissue types from 16 donors and 25 samples, generating a cross-tissue atlas of 209,126 nuclei profiles, which we integrated across tissues, donors, and laboratory methods with a conditional variational autoencoder. Using the resulting cross-tissue atlas, we highlight shared and tissue-specific features of tissue-resident cell populations; identify cell types that might contribute to neuromuscular, metabolic, and immune components of monogenic diseases and the biological processes involved in their pathology; and determine cell types and gene modules that might underlie disease mechanisms for complex traits analyzed by genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökcen Eraslan
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eugene Drokhlyansky
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shankara Anand
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evgenij Fiskin
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ayshwarya Subramanian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - John M. Rouhana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia Waldman
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thet Su Win
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S. Cuoco
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olena Kuksenko
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Philip A. Branton
- The Joint Pathology Center Gynecologic/Breast Pathology, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | - Anna Greka
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ayellet V. Segrè
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - François Aguet
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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262
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Björkegren JLM, Lusis AJ. Atherosclerosis: Recent developments. Cell 2022; 185:1630-1645. [PMID: 35504280 PMCID: PMC9119695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the large arteries that is the major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular, cellular, genetic, and environmental contributions to atherosclerosis, from both individual pathway and systems perspectives. We place an emphasis on recent developments, some of which have yielded unexpected biology, including previously unknown heterogeneity of inflammatory and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions, roles for senescence and clonal hematopoiesis, and links to the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA.
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263
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Gui Y, Zheng H, Cao RY. Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis: Novel Insights Into Its Origins, Consequences, and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845942. [PMID: 35498045 PMCID: PMC9043520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular mechanisms of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells are originated from monocytes as well as from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), stem/progenitor cells, and endothelium cells. Novel technologies including lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have revolutionized our understanding of subtypes of monocyte- and VSMC-derived foam cells. By using scRNA-seq, three main clusters including resident-like, inflammatory, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem2 hi ) are identified as the major subtypes of monocyte-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells undergo diverse pathways of programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, contributing to the necrotic cores of atherosclerotic plaques. The formation of foam cells is affected by cholesterol uptake, efflux, and esterification. Novel mechanisms including nuclear receptors, non-coding RNAs, and gut microbiota have been discovered and investigated. Although the heterogeneity of monocytes and the complexity of non-coding RNAs make obstacles for targeting foam cells, further in-depth research and therapeutic exploration are needed for the better management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gui
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Y Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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264
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Rykaczewska U, Zhao Q, Saliba-Gustafsson P, Lengquist M, Kronqvist M, Bergman O, Huang Z, Lund K, Waden K, Pons Vila Z, Caidahl K, Skogsberg J, Vukojevic V, Lindeman JHN, Roy J, Hansson GK, Treuter E, Leeper NJ, Eriksson P, Ehrenborg E, Razuvaev A, Hedin U, Matic L. Plaque Evaluation by Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Reveals BCLAF1 as a Regulator of Smooth Muscle Cell Lipid Transdifferentiation in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:659-676. [PMID: 35321563 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the processes behind carotid plaque instability is necessary to develop methods for identification of patients and lesions with stroke risk. Here, we investigated molecular signatures in human plaques stratified by echogenicity as assessed by duplex ultrasound. METHODS Lesion echogenicity was correlated to microarray gene expression profiles from carotid endarterectomies (n=96). The findings were extended into studies of human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions in situ, followed by functional investigations in vitro in human carotid smooth muscle cells (SMCs). RESULTS Pathway analyses highlighted muscle differentiation, iron homeostasis, calcification, matrix organization, cell survival balance, and BCLAF1 (BCL2 [B-cell lymphoma 2]-associated transcription factor 1) as the most significant signatures. BCLAF1 was downregulated in echolucent plaques, positively correlated to proliferation and negatively to apoptosis. By immunohistochemistry, BCLAF1 was found in normal medial SMCs. It was repressed early during atherogenesis but reappeared in CD68+ cells in advanced plaques and interacted with BCL2 by proximity ligation assay. In cultured SMCs, BCLAF1 was induced by differentiation factors and mitogens and suppressed by macrophage-conditioned medium. BCLAF1 silencing led to downregulation of BCL2 and SMC markers, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Transdifferentiation of SMCs by oxLDL (oxidized low-denisty lipoprotein) was accompanied by upregulation of BCLAF1, CD36, and CD68, while oxLDL exposure with BCLAF1 silencing preserved MYH (myosin heavy chain) 11 expression and prevented transdifferentiation. BCLAF1 was associated with expression of cell differentiation, contractility, viability, and inflammatory genes, as well as the scavenger receptors CD36 and CD68. BCLAF1 expression in CD68+/BCL2+ cells of SMC origin was verified in plaques from MYH11 lineage-tracing atherosclerotic mice. Moreover, BCLAF1 downregulation associated with vulnerability parameters and cardiovascular risk in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Plaque echogenicity correlated with enrichment of distinct molecular pathways and identified BCLAF1, previously not described in atherosclerosis, as the most significant gene. Functionally, BCLAF1 seems necessary for survival and transdifferentiation of SMCs into a macrophage-like phenotype. The role of BCLAF1 in plaque vulnerability should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Rykaczewska
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (Q.Z., P.S.-G.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Peter Saliba-Gustafsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.-G., O.B., G.K.H., P.E., E.E.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (Q.Z., P.S.-G.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otto Bergman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.-G., O.B., G.K.H., P.E., E.E.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiqiang Huang
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (Z.H., E.T.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Lund
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Waden
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zara Pons Vila
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (Z.P.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (K.C.)
| | - Josefin Skogsberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (J.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojevic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.V.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.H.N.L.)
| | - Joy Roy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.-G., O.B., G.K.H., P.E., E.E.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eckardt Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition (Z.H., E.T.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Leeper
- Department of Surgery (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Department of Medicine (N.J.L.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.-G., O.B., G.K.H., P.E., E.E.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (P.S.-G., O.B., G.K.H., P.E., E.E.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (U.R., M.L., M.K., K.L., K.W., K.C., J.R., A.R., U.H., L.M.), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang X, Huang J, Li J, Lu Q, Huang Y, Lu D, Tang Y, Zhu J, Zhuang J. Association Between TCF21 Gene Polymorphism with the Incidence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and the Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4975-4983. [PMID: 35601004 PMCID: PMC9122043 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s366956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia with a high rate of recurrence after catheter ablation. The gene encoding transcription factor 21 (TCF21) has been linked to coronary artery disease risk by human genome-wide association studies in multiple racial ethnic groups. However, the association of TCF21 with AF remains unclear. Patients and Methods Circulating leukocytes in patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and 92 age-matched controls without a history of cardiovascular disease, AF and other arrhythmias were collected. A total of 224 PAF patients receiving radiofrequency ablation had an 18-month scheduled follow-up study for recurrence of AF. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF21 (rs2327429, rs2327433 and rs12190287) were genotyped by PCR, and serum levels of TCF21 were measured by ELISA. Results More males and smokers were observed in the PAF group compared with controls. C allele of rs2327429, G allele and GG genotype of rs12190287 were markedly associated with the increased onset of PAF. The levels of serum TCF21 were significantly higher in PAF group than those in control group (1.96 ± 0.85 vs 0.86 ± 0.49 ng/mL, P<0.001). Based on logistic regression analysis, we confirmed that risk allele at rs12190287 and serum TCF21 concentration were independently correlated with the incidence of PAF. Furthermore, GG genotype of rs12190287 enhanced the susceptibility of AF recurrence after ablation. Conclusion G allele and GG genotype of rs12190287 in TCF21 and elevated TCF21 concentration are significantly associated with the onset of PAF and recurrence after ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Huang
- Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianhui Zhuang, Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13621742833, Email
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Yu L, Zhang J, Gao A, Zhang M, Wang Z, Yu F, Guo X, Su G, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhang C. An intersegmental single-cell profile reveals aortic heterogeneity and identifies a novel Malat1 + vascular smooth muscle subtype involved in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:125. [PMID: 35473929 PMCID: PMC9043217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origin, anatomical location, and other factors contribute to aortic heterogeneity in a physiological state. On this basis, vascular diseases occur at different ratios based on position specificity, even with the same risk factor. However, the continuous intersegmental aortic profile has been rarely reported at the single-cell level. To reveal aortic heterogeneity, we identified 15 cell subtypes from five continuous aortic segments by marker genes and functional definitions. The EC1 subtype highly expressed Vcam1 and Scarb2 genes in the aortic arch, which were reported to be associated with atherosclerosis. The newly identified Fbn1+ fibroblasts were found highly expressed in thoracic segments. More importantly, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrated a novel composition in which VSMC 4 marked with the gene Malat1 were mainly distributed in the abdominal segment. Malat1 knockout reduced MMPs and inflammatory factor production induced by Ang II in smooth muscle cells, and the Malat1 inhibitor exerted preventive, inhibitory, and reversing effects on AngII-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in vivo revealed by a series of animal experiments. Single-cell analysis of AngII-induced AAA tissues treated with or without the inhibitor further clarified the key role of Malat1+VSMC in the occurrence and progression of AAA. In summary, segmental gene expression and cell subtype features in normal aorta associated with different vascular diseases might provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Amy Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zunzhe Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangpu Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Abstract
The immune system is fundamental to tissue homeostasis and is the first line of defense following infection, injury or disease. In the damaged heart, large numbers of immune cells are recruited to the site of injury. These cells play an integral part in both repair by scar formation and the initiation of tissue regeneration. They initially assume inflammatory phenotypes, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and removing dead and dying tissue, before entering a reparative stage, replacing dead muscle tissue with a non-contractile scar. In this Review, we present an overview of the innate and adaptive immune response to heart injury. We explore the kinetics of immune cell mobilization following cardiac injury and how the different innate and adaptive immune cells interact with one another and with the damaged tissue. We draw on key findings from regenerative models, providing insight into how to support a robust immune response permissible for cardiac regeneration. Finally, we consider how the latest technological developments can offer opportunities for a deeper and unbiased functional understanding of the immune response to heart disease, highlighting the importance of such knowledge as the basis for promoting regeneration following cardiac injury in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa C. Simões
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford,Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 9DS, UK
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul R. Riley
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OxfordshireOX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OxfordshireOX1 3PT, UK
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268
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Mussbacher M, Schossleitner K, Kral-Pointner JB, Salzmann M, Schrammel A, Schmid JA. More than Just a Monolayer: the Multifaceted Role of Endothelial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:483-492. [PMID: 35404040 PMCID: PMC9162978 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review In this review, we summarize current insights into the versatile roles of endothelial cells in atherogenesis. Recent Findings The vascular endothelium represents the first barrier that prevents the entry of lipoproteins and leukocytes into the vessel wall, thereby controlling two key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Disturbance of endothelial homeostasis increases vascular permeability, inflammation, and cellular trans-differentiation, which not only promotes the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques but is also involved in life-threatening thromboembolic complications such as plaque rupture and erosion. In this review, we focus on recent findings on endothelial lipoprotein transport, inflammation, cellular transitions, and barrier function. Summary By using cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell sequencing, epigenetics, and cell fate mapping, novel regulatory mechanisms and endothelial cell phenotypes have been discovered, which have not only challenged established concepts of endothelial activation, but have also led to a different view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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269
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Madrigal-Matute J, de Bruijn J, van Kuijk K, Riascos-Bernal DF, Diaz A, Tasset I, Martín-Segura A, Gijbels MJJ, Sander B, Kaushik S, Biessen EAL, Tiano S, Bourdenx M, Krause GJ, McCracken I, Baker AH, Jin H, Sibinga NES, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Macian F, Singh R, Rensen PCN, Berbée JFP, Pasterkamp G, Sluimer JC, Cuervo AM. Protective role of chaperone-mediated autophagy against atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121133119. [PMID: 35363568 PMCID: PMC9168839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121133119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) contributes to regulation of energy homeostasis by timely degradation of enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we report reduced CMA activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages in murine and human arteries in response to atherosclerotic challenges. We show that in vivo genetic blockage of CMA worsens atherosclerotic pathology through both systemic and cell-autonomous changes in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages, the two main cell types involved in atherogenesis. CMA deficiency promotes dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and a proinflammatory state in macrophages. Conversely, a genetic mouse model with up-regulated CMA shows lower vulnerability to proatherosclerotic challenges. We propose that CMA could be an attractive therapeutic target against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Madrigal-Matute
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Diaz
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Adrián Martín-Segura
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Marion J. J. Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Sander
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simoni Tiano
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Ian McCracken
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Han Jin
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Fernando Macian
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Patrick C. N. Rensen
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jimmy F. P. Berbée
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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270
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Cheng P, Wirka RC, Kim JB, Kim HJ, Nguyen T, Kundu R, Zhao Q, Sharma D, Pedroza A, Nagao M, Iyer D, Fischbein MP, Quertermous T. Smad3 regulates smooth muscle cell fate and mediates adverse remodeling and calcification of the atherosclerotic plaque. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:322-333. [PMID: 36246779 PMCID: PMC9560061 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques consist mostly of smooth muscle cells (SMC), and genes that influence SMC phenotype can modulate coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Allelic variation at 15q22.33 has been identified by genome-wide association studies to modify the risk of CAD and is associated with the expression of SMAD3 in SMC. However, the mechanism by which this gene modifies CAD risk remains poorly understood. Here we show that SMC-specific deletion of Smad3 in a murine atherosclerosis model resulted in greater plaque burden, more outward remodelling and increased vascular calcification. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that loss of Smad3 altered SMC transition cell state toward two fates: a SMC phenotype that governs both vascular remodelling and recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as a chondromyocyte fate. Together, the findings reveal that Smad3 expression in SMC inhibits the emergence of specific SMC phenotypic transition cells that mediate adverse plaque features, including outward remodelling, monocyte recruitment, and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert C. Wirka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Albert Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael P. Fischbein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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271
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How the immune system shapes atherosclerosis: roles of innate and adaptive immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:251-265. [PMID: 34389841 PMCID: PMC10111155 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the root cause of many cardiovascular diseases. Extensive research in preclinical models and emerging evidence in humans have established the crucial roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in driving atherosclerosis-associated chronic inflammation in arterial blood vessels. New techniques have highlighted the enormous heterogeneity of leukocyte subsets in the arterial wall that have pro-inflammatory or regulatory roles in atherogenesis. Understanding the homing and activation pathways of these immune cells, their disease-associated dynamics and their regulation by microbial and metabolic factors will be crucial for the development of clinical interventions for atherosclerosis, including potentially vaccination-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we review key molecular mechanisms of immune cell activation implicated in modulating atherogenesis and provide an update on the contributions of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in atherosclerosis.
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272
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Li RL, Wang LY, Liu S, Duan HX, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Peng W, Huang Y, Wu C. Natural Flavonoids Derived From Fruits Are Potential Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862277. [PMID: 35399657 PMCID: PMC8987282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory response, is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is induced by endothelial cell dysfunction, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, accumulation of foam cells and inflammatory response, resulting in plaque accumulation, narrowing and hardening of the artery wall, and ultimately leading to myocardial infarction or sudden death and other serious consequences. Flavonoid is a kind of natural polyphenol compound widely existing in fruits with various structures, mainly including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanins, isoflavones, and chalcone, etc. Because of its potential health benefits, it is now used in supplements, cosmetics and medicines, and researchers are increasingly paying attention to its role in atherosclerosis. In this paper, we will focus on several important nodes in the development of atherosclerotic disease, including endothelial cell dysfunction, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, foam cell accumulation and inflammatory response. At the same time, through the classification of flavonoids from fruits, the role and potential mechanism of flavonoids in atherosclerosis were reviewed, providing a certain direction for the development of fruit flavonoids in the treatment of atherosclerosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu-Xinyue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Peng,
| | - Yongliang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Yongliang Huang,
| | - Chunjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chunjie Wu,
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273
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Shin J, Tkachenko S, Chaklader M, Pletz C, Singh K, Bulut GB, Han YM, Mitchell K, Baylis RA, Kuzmin AA, Hu B, Lathia JD, Stenina-Adognravi O, Podrez E, Byzova TV, Owens GK, Cherepanova OA. Endothelial OCT4 is atheroprotective by preventing metabolic and phenotypic dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:2458-2477. [PMID: 35325071 PMCID: PMC9890633 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Until recently, the pluripotency factor Octamer (ATGCAAAT)-binding transcriptional factor 4 (OCT4) was believed to be dispensable in adult somatic cells. However, our recent studies provided clear evidence that OCT4 has a critical atheroprotective role in smooth muscle cells. Here, we asked if OCT4 might play a functional role in regulating endothelial cell (EC) phenotypic modulations in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Specifically, we show that EC-specific Oct4 knockout resulted in increased lipid, LGALS3+ cell accumulation, and altered plaque characteristics consistent with decreased plaque stability. A combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and EC-lineage-tracing studies revealed increased EC activation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, plaque neovascularization, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of OCT4. Furthermore, we show that the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) transporter, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G2 (ABCG2), is a direct target of OCT4 in EC and establish for the first time that the OCT4/ABCG2 axis maintains EC metabolic homeostasis by regulating intracellular heme accumulation and related reactive oxygen species production, which, in turn, contributes to atherogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first direct evidence that OCT4 has a protective metabolic function in EC and identifies vascular OCT4 and its signalling axis as a potential target for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Connor Pletz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kanwardeep Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gamze B Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Young min Han
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard A Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrey A Kuzmin
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olga Stenina-Adognravi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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274
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A regulator of G protein signaling 5 marked subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells is lost during vascular disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265132. [PMID: 35320283 PMCID: PMC8942229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) subpopulations relevant to vascular disease and injury repair have been depicted in healthy vessels and atherosclerosis profiles. However, whether VSMC subpopulation associated with vascular homeostasis exists in the healthy artery and how are their nature and fate in vascular remodeling remains elusive. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to detect VSMC functional heterogeneity in an unbiased manner, we showed that VSMC subpopulations in healthy artery presented transcriptome diversity and that there was significant heterogeneity in differentiation state and development within each subpopulation. Notably, we detected an independent subpopulation of VSMCs that highly expressed regulator of G protein signaling 5 (RGS5), upregulated the genes associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and construction of cytoskeleton compared with the general subpopulation, and mainly enriched in descending aorta. Additionally, the proportion of RGS5high VSMCs was markedly decreased or almost disappeared in the vascular tissues of neointimal formation, abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. Specific spatiotemporal characterization of RGS5high VSMC subpopulation suggested that this subpopulation was implicated in vascular homeostasis. Together, our analyses identify homeostasis-relevant transcriptional signatures of VSMC subpopulations in healthy artery, which may explain the regional vascular resistance to atherosclerosis at some extent.
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275
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Cheng Z, Zhang Y, Zhuo Y, Fan J, Xu Y, Li M, Chen H, Zhou L. LncRNA TARID induces cell proliferation through cell cycle pathway associated with coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4573-4581. [PMID: 35304681 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07304-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Long non-coding RNA TARID (lncRNA TARID) can activate the tumor suppressor TCF21 in tumorigenesis by inducing promoter demethylation. However, the impact on lncRNA TARID and its variants of coronary artery disease (CAD) are poorly understood. METHODS We performed a case-control study enrolling 949 cases and 892 controls to assess genotype. Five variants were genotyped by TaqMan assay. 20 cases and 20 controls were used to evaluate the expression of lncRNA TARID. The cell proliferation rate was evaluated by CCK-8. The RT-qPCR and cell cycle analysis were applied to examine cell proliferation-related mRNA and cell distribution. RESULTS This study indicated that rs2327433 GG genotype was associated with CAD risk adjusting for traditional risk factors (OR = 2.74, 95%CI: 1.10-6.83, P = 0.03). Our results analyses revealed that the genotype of rs2327433 was related to the proportion of CAD patients with left anterior descending artery disease and left circumflex artery disease (P = 0.025 and P = 0.025, respectively). The results showed that the minor allele frequency of rs2327433 was significantly correlated with the severity of the disease (P = 0.029). The eQTL analysis showed that rs2327433 may affect the transcription factors TCF21 regulated by lncRNA TARID. We found that TARID silencing regulated cell proliferation and altered cell cycle progression by induced upregulation of CDK1 and PCNA. CONCLUSIONS SNP rs2327433 in lncRNA TARID was associated with CAD risk and the severity of CAD in the Chinese Han population. Furthermore, SNP rs2327433 may affect the expression of atherosclerosis-related transcription factor TCF21 regulated by lncRNA TARID. Finally, our study provided a new lncRNA-dictated regulatory mechanism participating in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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276
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Roldán-Montero R, Pérez-Sáez JM, Cerro-Pardo I, Oller J, Martinez-Lopez D, Nuñez E, Maller SM, Gutierrez-Muñoz C, Mendez-Barbero N, Escola-Gil JC, Michel JB, Mittelbrunn M, Vázquez J, Blanco-Colio LM, Rabinovich GA, Martin-Ventura JL. Galectin-1 prevents pathological vascular remodeling in atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7322. [PMID: 35294231 PMCID: PMC8926342 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Here, we analyzed the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding protein, as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and AAA. Mice lacking Gal-1 (Lgals1-/-) developed severe atherosclerosis induced by pAAV/D377Y-mPCSK9 adenovirus and displayed higher lipid levels and lower expression of contractile markers of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in plaques than wild-type mice. Proteomic analysis of Lgals1-/- aortas showed changes in markers of VSMC phenotypic switch and altered composition of mitochondrial proteins. Mechanistically, Gal-1 silencing resulted in increased foam cell formation and mitochondrial dysfunction in VSMCs, while treatment with recombinant Gal-1 (rGal-1) prevented these effects. Furthermore, rGal-1 treatment attenuated atherosclerosis and elastase-induced AAA, leading to higher contractile VSMCs in aortic tissues. Gal-1 expression decreased in human atheroma and AAA compared to control tissue. Thus, Gal-1-driven circuits emerge as potential therapeutic strategies in atherosclerosis and AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Roldán-Montero
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Cerro-Pardo
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Estefania Nuñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian M. Maller
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Nerea Mendez-Barbero
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Mittelbrunn
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428AGE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Corresponding author. (J.L.M.-V.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Jose L. Martin-Ventura
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz-Autonoma University of Madrid (UAM). Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author. (J.L.M.-V.); (G.A.R.)
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277
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Malhi NK, Luo Y, Tang X, Sriram K, Calandrelli R, Zhong S, Chen ZB. Isolation and Profiling of Human Primary Mesenteric Arterial Endothelial Cells at the Transcriptome Level. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63307. [PMID: 35343966 PMCID: PMC9180814 DOI: 10.3791/63307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for vascular and whole-body function through their dynamic response to environmental cues. Elucidating the transcriptome and epigenome of ECs is paramount to understanding their roles in development, health, and disease, but is limited in the availability of isolated primary cells. Recent technologies have enabled the high-throughput profiling of EC transcriptome and epigenome, leading to the identification of previously unknown EC cell subpopulations and developmental trajectories. While EC cultures are a useful tool in the exploration of EC function and dysfunction, the culture conditions and multiple passages can introduce external variables that alter the properties of native EC, including morphology, epigenetic state, and gene expression program. To overcome this limitation, the present paper demonstrates a method of isolating human primary ECs from donor mesenteric arteries aiming to capture their native state. ECs in the intimal layer are dissociated mechanically and biochemically with the use of particular enzymes. The resultant cells can be directly used for bulk RNA or single-cell RNA-sequencing or plated for culture. In addition, a workflow is described for the preparation of human arterial tissue for spatial transcriptomics, specifically for a commercially available platform, although this method is also suitable for other spatial transcriptome profiling techniques. This methodology can be applied to different vessels collected from a variety of donors in health or disease states to gain insights into EC transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, a pivotal aspect of endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope
| | - Kiran Sriram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope
| | | | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope;
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278
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Saigusa R, Durant CP, Suryawanshi V, Ley K. Single-Cell Antibody Sequencing in Atherosclerosis Research. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:765-778. [PMID: 35238000 PMCID: PMC10155217 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptomic information obtained by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can be supplemented by information on the cell surface phenotype by using oligonucleotide-tagged monoclonal antibodies (scAb-Seq). This is of particular importance in immune cells, where the correlation between mRNA and cell surface expression is very weak. scAb-Seq is facilitated by the availability of commercial antibodies and antibody mixes. Now panels of up to 200 antibodies are available for human and mouse cells. Proteins are detected by antibodies conjugated to a tripartite DNA sequence that contains a primer for amplification and sequencing, a unique oligonucleotide that acts as an antibody barcode and a poly(dA) sequence, simultaneously detecting extension of antibody-specific DNA sequences and cDNAs in the same poly(dT)-primed reaction. For each cell, surface protein expression is captured and sequenced along with the cell's transcriptome. Here, we list the steps needed to produce antibody sequencing data from tissue or blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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279
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Winkler EA, Kim CN, Ross JM, Garcia JH, Gil E, Oh I, Chen LQ, Wu D, Catapano JS, Raygor K, Narsinh K, Kim H, Weinsheimer S, Cooke DL, Walcott BP, Lawton MT, Gupta N, Zlokovic BV, Chang EF, Abla AA, Lim DA, Nowakowski TJ. A single-cell atlas of the normal and malformed human brain vasculature. Science 2022; 375:eabi7377. [PMID: 35084939 PMCID: PMC8995178 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are a leading cause of death and neurologic disability. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies requires a deeper knowledge of cerebrovascular cells in humans. We profiled transcriptomes of 181,388 cells to define a cell atlas of the adult human cerebrovasculature, including endothelial cell molecular signatures with arteriovenous segmentation and expanded perivascular cell diversity. By leveraging this reference, we investigated cellular and molecular perturbations in brain arteriovenous malformations, which are a leading cause of stroke in young people, and identified pathologic endothelial transformations with abnormal vascular patterning and the ontology of vascularly derived inflammation. We illustrate the interplay between vascular and immune cells that contributes to brain hemorrhage and catalog opportunities for targeting angiogenic and inflammatory programs in vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A Winkler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chang N Kim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Garcia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eugene Gil
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irene Oh
- Rebus Biosystems, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | | | - David Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joshua S Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kunal Raygor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazim Narsinh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Kim
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shantel Weinsheimer
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Cooke
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian P Walcott
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael T Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adib A Abla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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280
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Eberhardt N, Giannarelli C. How Single-Cell Technologies Have Provided New Insights Into Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:243-252. [PMID: 35109673 PMCID: PMC8966900 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative single-cell technologies has allowed the high-dimensional transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of individual blood and tissue cells. Recent single-cell studies revealed a new cellular heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaque tissue and allowed a better understanding of distinct immune functional states in the context of atherosclerosis. In this brief review, we describe how single-cell technologies have shed a new light on the cellular composition of atherosclerotic plaques, and their response to diet perturbations or genetic manipulation in mouse models of atherosclerosis. We discuss how single-cell RNA sequencing, cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing, and cytometry by time-of-flight platforms have empowered the identification of discrete immune, endothelial, and smooth muscle cell alterations in atherosclerosis progression and regression. Finally, we review how single-cell approaches have allowed mapping the cellular and molecular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques and the discovery of new immune alterations in plaques from patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York (NY), USA.,Correspondence to: Chiara Giannarelli, MD, PhD, 435 East 30th street, Science Building, New York, NY, 10016,
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281
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Misra A, Rehan R, Lin A, Patel S, Fisher EA. Emerging Concepts of Vascular Cell Clonal Expansion in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e74-e84. [PMID: 35109671 PMCID: PMC8988894 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Clonal expansion is a process that can drive pathogenesis in human diseases, with atherosclerosis being a prominent example. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of atherosclerosis, clonality studies of vascular cells remain in an early stage. Recently, several paradigm-shifting preclinical studies have identified clonal expansion of progenitor cells in the vasculature in response to atherosclerosis. This review provides an overview of cell clonality in atherosclerotic progression, focusing particularly on smooth muscle cells and macrophages. We discuss key findings from the latest research that give insight into the mechanisms by which clonal expansion of vascular cells contributes to disease pathology. The further probing of these mechanisms will provide innovative directions for future progress in the understanding and therapy of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rajan Rehan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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282
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Slenders L, Tessels DE, van der Laan SW, Pasterkamp G, Mokry M. The Applications of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing in Atherosclerotic Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:826103. [PMID: 35211529 PMCID: PMC8860895 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.826103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis still is the primary cause of death worldwide. Our characterization of the atherosclerotic lesion is mainly rooted in definitions based on pathological descriptions. We often speak in absolutes regarding plaque phenotypes: vulnerable vs. stable plaques or plaque rupture vs. plaque erosion. By focusing on these concepts, we may have oversimplified the atherosclerotic disease and its mechanisms. The widely used definitions of pathology-based plaque phenotypes can be fine-tuned with observations made with various -omics techniques. Recent advancements in single-cell transcriptomics provide the opportunity to characterize the cellular composition of the atherosclerotic plaque. This additional layer of information facilitates the in-depth characterization of the atherosclerotic plaque. In this review, we discuss the impact that single-cell transcriptomics may exert on our current understanding of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle E Tessels
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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283
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Skenteris NT, Seime T, Witasp A, Karlöf E, Wasilewski GB, Heuschkel MA, Jaminon AM, Oduor L, Dzhanaev R, Kronqvist M, Lengquist M, Peeters FE, Söderberg M, Hultgren R, Roy J, Maegdefessel L, Arnardottir H, Bengtsson E, Goncalves I, Quertermous T, Goettsch C, Stenvinkel P, Schurgers LJ, Matic L. Osteomodulin attenuates smooth muscle cell osteogenic transition in vascular calcification. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e682. [PMID: 35184400 PMCID: PMC8858609 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Vascular calcification is a prominent feature of late‐stage diabetes, renal and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and has been linked to adverse events. Recent studies in patients reported that plasma levels of osteomodulin (OMD), a proteoglycan involved in bone mineralisation, associate with diabetes and CVD. We hypothesised that OMD could be implicated in these diseases via vascular calcification as a common underlying factor and aimed to investigate its role in this context. Methods and results In patients with chronic kidney disease, plasma OMD levels correlated with markers of inflammation and bone turnover, with the protein present in calcified arterial media. Plasma OMD also associated with cardiac calcification and the protein was detected in calcified valve leaflets by immunohistochemistry. In patients with carotid atherosclerosis, circulating OMD was increased in association with plaque calcification as assessed by computed tomography. Transcriptomic and proteomic data showed that OMD was upregulated in atherosclerotic compared to control arteries, particularly in calcified plaques, where OMD expression correlated positively with markers of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), osteoblasts and glycoproteins. Immunostaining confirmed that OMD was abundantly present in calcified plaques, localised to extracellular matrix and regions rich in α‐SMA+ cells. In vivo, OMD was enriched in SMCs around calcified nodules in aortic media of nephrectomised rats and in plaques from ApoE−/− mice on warfarin. In vitro experiments revealed that OMD mRNA was upregulated in SMCs stimulated with IFNγ, BMP2, TGFβ1, phosphate and β‐glycerophosphate, and by administration of recombinant human OMD protein (rhOMD). Mechanistically, addition of rhOMD repressed the calcification process of SMCs treated with phosphate by maintaining their contractile phenotype along with enriched matrix organisation, thereby attenuating SMC osteoblastic transformation. Mechanistically, the role of OMD is exerted likely through its link with SMAD3 and TGFB1 signalling, and interplay with BMP2 in vascular tissues. Conclusion We report a consistent association of both circulating and tissue OMD levels with cardiovascular calcification, highlighting the potential of OMD as a clinical biomarker. OMD was localised in medial and intimal α‐SMA+ regions of calcified cardiovascular tissues, induced by pro‐inflammatory and pro‐osteogenic stimuli, while the presence of OMD in extracellular environment attenuated SMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos T. Skenteris
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Till Seime
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Karlöf
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Grzegorz B. Wasilewski
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Nattopharma ASA, Oslo Norway
| | - Marina A. Heuschkel
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine I‐Cardiology Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Armand M.G. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Loureen Oduor
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Robert Dzhanaev
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Biointerface Group Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Malin Kronqvist
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Frederique E.C.M. Peeters
- Department of Cardiology and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht Netherlands
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism Safety Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Rebecka Hultgren
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Joy Roy
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Klinikum rechts der Isar Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Technical University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Hildur Arnardottir
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit Department of Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö and Cardiology Skåne University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Stanford Stanford California USA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I‐Cardiology Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Intervention and Technology Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Maastricht Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Division of Vascular Surgery Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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284
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Robichaud S, Rasheed A, Pietrangelo A, Doyoung Kim A, Boucher DM, Emerton C, Vijithakumar V, Gharibeh L, Fairman G, Mak E, Nguyen MA, Geoffrion M, Wirka R, Rayner KJ, Ouimet M. Autophagy Is Differentially Regulated in Leukocyte and Nonleukocyte Foam Cells During Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2022; 130:831-847. [PMID: 35137605 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerosis is characterized by an accumulation of foam cells within the arterial wall, resulting from excess cholesterol uptake and buildup of cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). Autophagy promotes LD clearance by freeing stored cholesterol for efflux, a process that has been shown to be atheroprotective. While the role of autophagy in LD catabolism has been studied in macrophage-derived foam cells, this has remained unexplored in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells that constitute a large fraction of foam cells within atherosclerotic lesions. OBJECTIVE We performed a comparative analysis of autophagy flux in lipid-rich aortic intimal populations to determine whether VSMC-derived foam cells metabolize LDs similarly to their macrophage counterparts. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis was induced in GFP-LC3 transgenic mice by PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9)-adeno-associated viral injection and Western diet feeding. Using flow cytometry of aortic digests, we observed a significant increase in dysfunctional autophagy of VSMC-derived foam cells during atherogenesis relative to macrophage-derived foam cells. Using cell culture models of lipid-loaded VSMC and macrophage, we show that autophagy-mediated cholesterol efflux from VSMC foam cells was poor relative to macrophage foam cells, and largely occurs when HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is used as a cholesterol acceptor, as opposed to apoA-1 (apolipoproteinA-1). This was associated with the predominant expression of ABCG1 in VSMC foam cells. Using metformin, an autophagy activator, cholesterol efflux to HDL was significantly increased in VSMC, but not in macrophage, foam cells. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that VSMC and macrophage foam cells perform cholesterol efflux by distinct mechanisms, and that autophagy flux is highly impaired in VSMC foam cells, but can be induced by pharmacological means. Further investigation is warranted into targeting autophagy specifically in VSMC foam cells, the predominant foam cell subtype of advanced atherosclerotic plaques, to promote reverse cholesterol transport and resolution of the atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Robichaud
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Adil Rasheed
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Antonietta Pietrangelo
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Anne Doyoung Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Dominique M Boucher
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Christina Emerton
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Viyashini Vijithakumar
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Lara Gharibeh
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Garrett Fairman
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Esther Mak
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - My-Anh Nguyen
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Michele Geoffrion
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Robert Wirka
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (R.W.)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
| | - Mireille Ouimet
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., C.E., V.V., L.G., G.F., E.M., M.-A.N., M.G., K.J.R., M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON (S.R., A.R., A.P., A.D.K., D.M.B., V.V., L.G., G.F., M.-A.N., K.J.R., M.O.)
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285
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Liu X, Chen W, Zhu G, Yang H, Li W, Luo M, Shu C, Zhou Z. Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies an Il1rn +/Trem1 + macrophage subpopulation as a cellular target for mitigating the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection. Cell Discov 2022; 8:11. [PMID: 35132073 PMCID: PMC8821555 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by medial layer degeneration of the thoracic aorta. A thorough understanding of the regulator changes during pathogenesis is essential for medical therapy development. To delineate the cellular and molecular changes during the development of TAAD, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of thoracic aortic cells from β-aminopropionitrile-induced TAAD mouse models at three time points that spanned from the early to the advanced stages of the disease. Comparative analyses were performed to delineate the temporal dynamics of changes in cellular composition, lineage-specific regulation, and cell–cell communications. Excessive activation of stress-responsive and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways contributed to the smooth muscle cell senescence at the early stage. Three subpopulations of aortic macrophages were identified, i.e., Lyve1+ resident-like, Cd74high antigen-presenting, and Il1rn+/Trem1+ pro-inflammatory macrophages. In both mice and humans, the pro-inflammatory macrophage subpopulation was found to represent the predominant source of most detrimental molecules. Suppression of macrophage accumulation in the aorta with Ki20227 could significantly decrease the incidence of TAAD and aortic rupture in mice. Targeting the Il1rn+/Trem1+ macrophage subpopulation via blockade of Trem1 using mLR12 could significantly decrease the aortic rupture rate in mice. We present the first comprehensive analysis of the cellular and molecular changes during the development of TAAD at single-cell resolution. Our results highlight the importance of anti-inflammation therapy in TAAD, and pinpoint the macrophage subpopulation as the predominant source of detrimental molecules for TAAD. Targeting the IL1RN+/TREM1+ macrophage subpopulation via blockade of TREM1 may represent a promising medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China.
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286
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Cheng P, Wirka RC, Clarke LS, Zhao Q, Kundu R, Nguyen T, Nair S, Sharma D, Kim HJ, Shi H, Assimes T, Kim JB, Kundaje A, Quertermous T. ZEB2 Shapes the Epigenetic Landscape of Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2022; 145:469-485. [PMID: 34990206 PMCID: PMC8896308 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) transition into a number of different phenotypes during atherosclerosis, including those that resemble fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and make up the majority of cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. To better understand the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that mediate these cell state changes, and how they relate to risk for coronary artery disease (CAD), we have investigated the causality and function of transcription factors at genome-wide associated loci. METHODS We used CRISPR-Cas 9 genome and epigenome editing to identify the causal gene and cells for a complex CAD genome-wide association study signal at 2q22.3. Single-cell epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling in murine models and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were used to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism by which this CAD risk gene exerts its function. RESULTS CRISPR-Cas 9 genome and epigenome editing showed that the complex CAD genetic signals within a genomic region at 2q22.3 lie within smooth muscle long-distance enhancers for ZEB2, a transcription factor extensively studied in the context of epithelial mesenchymal transition in development of cancer. Zeb2 regulates SMC phenotypic transition through chromatin remodeling that obviates accessibility and disrupts both Notch and transforming growth factor β signaling, thus altering the epigenetic trajectory of SMC transitions. SMC-specific loss of Zeb2 resulted in an inability of transitioning SMCs to turn off contractile programing and take on a fibroblast-like phenotype, but accelerated the formation of chondromyocytes, mirroring features of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify ZEB2 as a new CAD genome-wide association study gene that affects features of plaque vulnerability through direct effects on the epigenome, providing a new therapeutic approach to target vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert C. Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lee Shoa Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Surag Nair
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Hyun-jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Huitong Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Themistocles Assimes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Juyong Brian Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA
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287
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Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Osteoblast Factor Growth Differentiation Factor 10 as Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation Associated with Plaque Rupture in Human Carotid Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031796. [PMID: 35163719 PMCID: PMC8836240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo a complex phenotypic switch in response to atherosclerosis environmental triggers, contributing to atherosclerosis disease progression. However, the complex heterogeneity of VSMCs and how VSMC dedifferentiation affects human carotid artery disease (CAD) risk has not been clearly established. (2) Method: A single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD45− cells derived from the atherosclerotic aorta of Apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice on a normal cholesterol diet (NCD) or a high cholesterol diet (HCD), respecting the site-specific predisposition to atherosclerosis was performed. Growth Differentiation Factor 10 (GDF10) role in VSMCs phenotypic switch was investigated via flow cytometry, immunofluorescence in human atherosclerotic plaques. (3) Results: scRNAseq analysis revealed the transcriptomic profile of seven clusters, five of which showed disease-relevant gene signature of VSMC macrophagic calcific phenotype, VSMC mesenchymal chondrogenic phenotype, VSMC inflammatory and fibro-phenotype and VSMC inflammatory phenotype. Osteoblast factor GDF10 involved in ossification and osteoblast differentiation emerged as a hallmark of VSMCs undergoing phenotypic switch. Under hypercholesteremia, GDF10 triggered VSMC osteogenic switch in vitro. The abundance of GDF10 expressing osteogenic-like VSMCs cells was linked to the occurrence of carotid artery disease (CAD) events. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results provide evidence about GDF10-mediated VSMC osteogenic switch, with a likely detrimental role in atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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288
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Chan M, Yuan H, Soifer I, Maile TM, Wang RY, Ireland A, O'Brien JJ, Goudeau J, Chan LJ, Vijay T, Freund A, Kenyon C, Bennett BD, McAllister FE, Kelley DR, Roy M, Cohen RL, Levinson AD, Botstein D, Hendrickson DG. Novel insights from a multiomics dissection of the hayflick limit. eLife 2022; 11:70283. [PMID: 35119359 PMCID: PMC8933007 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The process wherein dividing cells exhaust proliferative capacity and enter into replicative senescence has become a prominent model for cellular aging in vitro. Despite decades of study, this cellular state is not fully understood in culture and even much less so during aging. Here, we revisit Leonard Hayflick’s original observation of replicative senescence in WI-38 human lung fibroblasts equipped with a battery of modern techniques including RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, proteomics, metabolomics, and ATAC-seq. We find evidence that the transition to a senescent state manifests early, increases gradually, and corresponds to a concomitant global increase in DNA accessibility in nucleolar and lamin associated domains. Furthermore, we demonstrate that senescent WI-38 cells acquire a striking resemblance to myofibroblasts in a process similar to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is regulated by t YAP1/TEAD1 and TGF-β2. Lastly, we show that verteporfin inhibition of YAP1/TEAD1 activity in aged WI-38 cells robustly attenuates this gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chan
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Han Yuan
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Ilya Soifer
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Tobias M Maile
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Rebecca Y Wang
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrea Ireland
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Jérôme Goudeau
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Leanne Jg Chan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Twaritha Vijay
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Adam Freund
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Cynthia Kenyon
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | | | - David R Kelley
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Margaret Roy
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | - Robert L Cohen
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
| | | | - David Botstein
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, United States
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289
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Melin LG, Dall JH, Lindholt JS, Steffensen LB, Beck HC, Elkrog SL, Clausen PD, Rasmussen LM, Stubbe J. Cycloastragenol Inhibits Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020359. [PMID: 35203568 PMCID: PMC8962318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm involves vascular inflammation and elastin degradation. Astragalusradix contains cycloastragenol, which is known to be anti-inflammatory and to protect against elastin degradation. We hypothesized that cycloastragenol supplementation inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm progression. Abdominal aortic aneurysm was induced in male rats by intraluminal elastase infusion in the infrarenal aorta and treated daily with cycloastragenol (125 mg/kg/day). Aortic expansion was followed weekly by ultrasound for 28 days. Changes in aneurysmal wall composition were analyzed by mRNA levels, histology, zymography and explorative proteomic analyses. At day 28, mean aneurysm diameter was 37% lower in the cycloastragenol group (p < 0.0001). In aneurysm cross sections, elastin content was insignificantly higher in the cycloastragenol group (10.5% ± 5.9% vs. 19.9% ± 16.8%, p = 0.20), with more preserved elastin lamellae structures (p = 0.0003) and without microcalcifications. Aneurysmal matrix metalloprotease-2 activity was reduced by the treatment (p = 0.022). Messenger RNA levels of inflammatory- and anti-oxidative markers did not differ between groups. Explorative proteomic analysis showed no difference in protein levels when adjusting for multiple testing. Among proteins displaying nominal regulation were fibulin-5 (p = 0.02), aquaporin-1 (p = 0.02) and prostacyclin synthase (p = 0.007). Cycloastragenol inhibits experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm progression. The suggested underlying mechanisms involve decreased matrix metalloprotease-2 activity and preservation of elastin and reduced calcification, thus, cycloastragenol could be considered for trial in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Gaarde Melin
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.G.M.); (J.H.D.); (J.S.L.); (H.C.B.); (L.M.R.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.B.S.); (S.L.E.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Julie Husted Dall
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.G.M.); (J.H.D.); (J.S.L.); (H.C.B.); (L.M.R.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.B.S.); (S.L.E.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.G.M.); (J.H.D.); (J.S.L.); (H.C.B.); (L.M.R.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lasse B. Steffensen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.B.S.); (S.L.E.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Hans Christian Beck
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.G.M.); (J.H.D.); (J.S.L.); (H.C.B.); (L.M.R.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sophie L. Elkrog
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.B.S.); (S.L.E.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Pernille D. Clausen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.B.S.); (S.L.E.); (P.D.C.)
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.G.M.); (J.H.D.); (J.S.L.); (H.C.B.); (L.M.R.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jane Stubbe
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital (OUH), 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.G.M.); (J.H.D.); (J.S.L.); (H.C.B.); (L.M.R.)
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (L.B.S.); (S.L.E.); (P.D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-6550-3709
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290
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Transcriptome analysis revealed a two-step transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells to macrophage-like cells. Atherosclerosis 2022; 346:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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291
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Gupta RM, Plutzky J. The Aging Aorta: Are We Only as Old as Our Endothelium? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:172-174. [PMID: 35080899 PMCID: PMC9741947 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat M. Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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292
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Steffensen L, Stubbe J, Overgaard M, Larsen J. Tamoxifen-independent Cre-activity in SMMHC-CreER T2 mice. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2022; 48:8-11. [PMID: 36644559 PMCID: PMC9833216 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Recent technological advances have established vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as central players in atherosclerosis. Increasingly complex genetic mouse models have unveiled that 30-70% of cells in experimentally induced atherosclerotic lesions derive from a handful of medial SMCs, and that these can adopt a broad range of plaque cell phenotypes. Most of these models are based on the SMMHC-CreER T2 mouse line as Cre-driver. Importantly, Cre-activation can be controlled in time (by administration of tamoxifen, TAM), which is critical to avoid unwanted effects of premature recombination events. The aim of this study was to scrutinize an unexpected observation of TAM-independent Cre-activity in this mouse line. Methods Cre-activity was assessed by PCR in tissues from SMMHC-CreER T2 mice crossed with mice homozygous for loxP-flanked (floxed) exon 4 of Ccn2 (our gene-of-interest), and Ccn2 protein was measured in aortas by targeted mass spectrometry. Results We observed spontaneous near-complete excision of floxed Ccn2 in aortas from adult mice that were not treated with TAM. As a result, Ccn2 protein was significantly reduced in aortas from these mice, but not to the same extent as TAM-treated littermates. Remarkably, most of the excision was completed in 4-week-old mice. Excision was Cre-dependent, as knockout bands were negligible in heart and liver (dominated by non-SMCs) of these mice, and undetectable in the aorta in the absence of Cre. Conclusion Our observations warrant caution, and we advocate inclusion of appropriate controls (i.e., TAM-untreated mice) in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.B. Steffensen
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,Corresponding author. J. B. Winsløws Vej 21, 3-22A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - J. Stubbe
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M. Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J.H. Larsen
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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293
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Liu B, Li Y, Zhang L. Analysis and Visualization of Spatial Transcriptomic Data. Front Genet 2022; 12:785290. [PMID: 35154244 PMCID: PMC8829434 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.785290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal tissues consist of heterogeneous cell types that organize and interact in highly structured manners. Bulk and single-cell sequencing technologies remove cells from their original microenvironments, resulting in a loss of spatial information. Spatial transcriptomics is a recent technological innovation that measures transcriptomic information while preserving spatial information. Spatial transcriptomic data can be generated in several ways. RNA molecules are measured by in situ sequencing, in situ hybridization, or spatial barcoding to recover original spatial coordinates. The inclusion of spatial information expands the range of possibilities for analysis and visualization, and spurred the development of numerous novel methods. In this review, we summarize the core concepts of spatial genomics technology and provide a comprehensive review of current analysis and visualization methods for spatial transcriptomics.
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294
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Martin-Ventura JL, Roncal C, Orbe J, Blanco-Colio LM. Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Diagnostic and/or Therapeutic Biomarkers in Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:813885. [PMID: 35155428 PMCID: PMC8827403 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.813885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first cause of death worldwide. In recent years, there has been great interest in the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microparticles, as potential mediators of biological communication between circulating cells/plasma and cells of the vasculature. Besides their activity as biological effectors, EVs have been also investigated as circulating/systemic biomarkers in different acute and chronic CVDs. In this review, the role of EVs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in chronic cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (mainly, peripheral arterial disease, PAD), aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic aneurysms (AAs), will be described. Mechanistically, we will analyze the implication of EVs in pathological processes associated to cardiovascular remodeling, with special emphasis in their role in vascular and valvular calcification. Specifically, we will focus on the participation of EVs in calcium accumulation in the pathological vascular wall and aortic valves, involving the phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or valvular interstitial cells (IC) to osteoblast-like cells. The knowledge of the implication of EVs in the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling is still to be completely deciphered but there are promising results supporting their potential translational application to the diagnosis and therapy of different CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose Luis Martin-Ventura, ; Carmen Roncal,
| | - Carmen Roncal
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose Luis Martin-Ventura, ; Carmen Roncal,
| | - Josune Orbe
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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295
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Pinheiro-de-Sousa I, Fonseca-Alaniz MH, Teixeira SK, Rodrigues MV, Krieger JE. Uncovering emergent phenotypes in endothelial cells by clustering of surrogates of cardiovascular risk factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1372. [PMID: 35079076 PMCID: PMC8789842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and is influenced by well-defined risk factors, including hypoxia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oscillatory flow. However, the individual and combined contributions to the molecular underpinnings of ED remain elusive. We used global gene expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells to identify gene pathways and cellular processes in response to chemical hypoxia, oxidized lipids, IL-1β induced inflammation, oscillatory flow, and these combined stimuli. We found that clustering of the surrogate risk factors differed from the sum of the individual insults that gave rise to emergent phenotypes such as cell proliferation. We validated these observations in samples of human coronary artery atherosclerotic plaques analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our findings suggest a hierarchical interaction between surrogates of CV risk factors and the advent of emergent phenotypes in response to combined stimulation in endothelial cells that may influence ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iguaracy Pinheiro-de-Sousa
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam H Fonseca-Alaniz
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Samantha K Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariliza V Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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296
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Sriram K, Luo Y, Yuan D, Malhi NK, Tapia A, Samara VA, Natarajan R, Bouman Chen Z. Vascular Regulation by Super Enhancer-Derived LINC00607. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:881916. [PMID: 35837599 PMCID: PMC9274098 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a pivotal role in whole body homeostasis. Recent advances have revealed enhancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators in EC function. We investigated LINC00607, a super enhancer-derived lncRNA (SE-lncRNA) in human arteries with an emphasis on ECs. Based on public databases and our single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from human arteries collected from healthy and diabetic donors, we found that LINC00607 is abundantly expressed in the arteries and its level is increased in diabetic humans. Using RNA-sequencing, we characterized the transcriptomes regulated by LINC00607 in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in basal and diabetic conditions in ECs. Furthermore, through transcriptomic and promoter analysis, we identified c-Myc as an upstream transcription factor of LINC00607. Finally, using scRNA-seq, we demonstrated that modified antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of LINC00607 can reverse dysfunctional changes induced by high glucose and TNFα in ECs. Collectively, our study demonstrates a multi-pronged approach to characterize LINC00607 in vascular cells and its gene regulatory networks in ECs and VSMCs. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation and function of SE-derived lncRNAs in both vascular homeostasis and dysfunction in a cell-type and context-dependent manner, which could have a significant impact on our understanding of epigenetic regulation implicated in cardiovascular health and diseases like diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sriram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Yingjun Luo
| | - Dongqiang Yuan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Naseeb Kaur Malhi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Alonso Tapia
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Rama Natarajan
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhen Bouman Chen
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297
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McQueen LW, Ladak SS, Abbasciano R, George SJ, Suleiman MS, Angelini GD, Murphy GJ, Zakkar M. Next-Generation and Single-Cell Sequencing Approaches to Study Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation Pathophysiology: A Systematic Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:849675. [PMID: 35419441 PMCID: PMC8996078 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.849675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research into the development and progression of this disease, current management and treatment approaches remain unsatisfactory and further studies are required to understand the exact pathophysiology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of currently published data utilizing single-cell and next-generation sequencing techniques to identify key cellular and molecular contributions to atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Methods Electronic searches of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were undertaken from inception until February 2022. A narrative synthesis of all included studies was performed for all included studies. Quality assessment and risk of bias analysis was evaluated using the ARRIVE and SYRCLE checklist tools. Results Thirty-four studies were eligible for narrative synthesis, with 16 articles utilizing single-cell exclusively, 10 utilizing next-generation sequencing and 8 using a combination of these approaches. Studies investigated numerous targets, ranging from exploratory tissue and plaque analysis, cell phenotype investigation and physiological/hemodynamic contributions to disease progression at both the single-cell and whole genome level. A significant area of focus was placed on smooth muscle cell, macrophage, and stem/progenitor contributions to disease, with little focus placed on contributions of other cell types including lymphocytes and endothelial cells. A significant level of heterogeneity exists in the outcomes from single-cell sequencing of similar samples, leading to inter-sample and inter-study variation. Conclusions Single-cell and next-generation sequencing methodologies offer novel means of elucidating atherosclerosis with significantly higher resolution than previous methodologies. These approaches also show significant potential for translatability into other vascular disease states, by facilitating cell-specific gene expression profiles between disease states. Implementation of these technologies may offer novel approaches to understanding the disease pathophysiology and improving disease prevention, management, and treatment.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021229960, identifier: CRD42021229960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam W McQueen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Shameem S Ladak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Riccardo Abbasciano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J George
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M-Saadeh Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol Medical School, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin J Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Zakkar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Clinical Science Wing, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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298
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Ma WF, Hodonsky CJ, Turner AW, Wong D, Song Y, Mosquera JV, Ligay AV, Slenders L, Gancayco C, Pan H, Barrientos NB, Mai D, Alencar GF, Owsiany K, Owens GK, Reilly MP, Li M, Pasterkamp G, Mokry M, van der Laan SW, Khomtchouk BB, Miller CL. Enhanced single-cell RNA-seq workflow reveals coronary artery disease cellular cross-talk and candidate drug targets. Atherosclerosis 2022; 340:12-22. [PMID: 34871816 PMCID: PMC8919504 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The atherosclerotic plaque microenvironment is highly complex, and selective agents that modulate plaque stability are not yet available. We sought to develop a scRNA-seq analysis workflow to investigate this environment and uncover potential therapeutic approaches. We designed a user-friendly, reproducible workflow that will be applicable to other disease-specific scRNA-seq datasets. METHODS Here we incorporated automated cell labeling, pseudotemporal ordering, ligand-receptor evaluation, and drug-gene interaction analysis into a ready-to-deploy workflow. We applied this pipeline to further investigate a previously published human coronary single-cell dataset by Wirka et al. Notably, we developed an interactive web application to enable further exploration and analysis of this and other cardiovascular single-cell datasets. RESULTS We revealed distinct derivations of fibroblast-like cells from smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and showed the key changes in gene expression along their de-differentiation path. We highlighted several key ligand-receptor interactions within the atherosclerotic environment through functional expression profiling and revealed several avenues for future pharmacological development for precision medicine. Further, our interactive web application, PlaqView (www.plaqview.com), allows lay scientists to explore this and other datasets and compare scRNA-seq tools without prior coding knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This publicly available workflow and application will allow for more systematic and user-friendly analysis of scRNA datasets in other disease and developmental systems. Our analysis pipeline provides many hypothesis-generating tools to unravel the etiology of coronary artery disease. We also highlight potential mechanisms for several drugs in the atherosclerotic cellular environment. Future releases of PlaqView will feature more scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq atherosclerosis-related datasets to provide a critical resource for the field, and to promote data harmonization and biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng Ma
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA , 22908, USA
| | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA , 22908, USA
| | - Alexandra V Ligay
- Master of Science in Biomedical Informatics (MScBMI) Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Gancayco
- Research Computing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nelson B Barrientos
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - David Mai
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Katherine Owsiany
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bohdan B Khomtchouk
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine and Biomedical Data Science, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL , 60637, USA.
| | - Clint L Miller
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA , 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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299
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Abstract
Inflammation is intimately involved at all stages of atherosclerosis and remains a substantial residual cardiovascular risk factor in optimally treated patients. The proof of concept that targeting inflammation reduces cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction has highlighted the urgent need to identify new immunotherapies to treat patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Importantly, emerging data from new clinical trials show that successful immunotherapies for atherosclerosis need to be tailored to the specific immune alterations in distinct groups of patients. In this Review, we discuss how single-cell technologies - such as single-cell mass cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing - are ideal for mapping the cellular and molecular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques and how these data can aid in the discovery of new precise immunotherapies. We also argue that single-cell data from studies in humans need to be rigorously validated in relevant experimental models, including rapidly emerging single-cell CRISPR screening technologies and mouse models of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the importance of implementing single-cell immune monitoring tools in early phases of drug development to aid in the precise selection of the target patient population for data-driven translation into randomized clinical trials and the successful translation of new immunotherapies into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- New York University Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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300
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Dawson A, Li Y, Li Y, Ren P, Vasquez HG, Zhang C, Rebello KR, Ageedi W, Azares AR, Mattar AB, Sheppard MB, Lu HS, Coselli JS, Cassis LA, Daugherty A, Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Single-Cell Analysis of Aneurysmal Aortic Tissue in Patients with Marfan Syndrome Reveals Dysfunctional TGF-β Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:95. [PMID: 35052435 PMCID: PMC8774900 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and cellular processes leading to aortic aneurysm development in Marfan syndrome (MFS) remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the changes of aortic cell populations and gene expression in MFS by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) on ascending aortic aneurysm tissues from patients with MFS (n = 3) and age-matched non-aneurysmal control tissues from cardiac donors and recipients (n = 4). The expression of key molecules was confirmed by immunostaining. We detected diverse populations of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (ECs) in the aortic wall. Aortic tissues from MFS showed alterations of cell populations with increased de-differentiated proliferative SMCs compared to controls. Furthermore, there was a downregulation of MYOCD and MYH11 in SMCs, and an upregulation of COL1A1/2 in fibroblasts in MFS samples compared to controls. We also examined TGF-β signaling, an important pathway in aortic homeostasis. We found that TGFB1 was significantly upregulated in two fibroblast clusters in MFS tissues. However, TGF-β receptor genes (predominantly TGFBR2) and SMAD genes were downregulated in SMCs, fibroblasts, and ECs in MFS, indicating impairment in TGF-β signaling. In conclusion, despite upregulation of TGFB1, the rest of the canonical TGF-β pathway and mature SMCs were consistently downregulated in MFS, indicating a potential compromise of TGF-β signaling and lack of stimulus for SMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Dawson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Hernan G. Vasquez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Kimberly R. Rebello
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Waleed Ageedi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
| | - Alon R. Azares
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Aladdein Burchett Mattar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Circulatory Support, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Mary Burchett Sheppard
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (M.B.S.); (H.S.L.); (A.D.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (M.B.S.); (H.S.L.); (A.D.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Joseph S. Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (M.B.S.); (H.S.L.); (A.D.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Scott A. LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.D.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (P.R.); (H.G.V.); (C.Z.); (K.R.R.); (W.A.); (J.S.C.); (Y.H.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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