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Davidovich-Rikanati R, Bar E, Hivert G, Huang XQ, Hoppen-Tonial C, Khankin V, Rand K, Abofreih A, Muhlemann JK, Marchese JA, Shotland Y, Dudareva N, Inbar M, Lewinsohn E. Transcriptional up-regulation of host-specific terpene metabolism in aphid-induced galls of Pistacia palaestina. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:555-570. [PMID: 34129033 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galling insects gain food and shelter by inducing specialized anatomical structures in their plant hosts. Such galls often accumulate plant defensive metabolites protecting the inhabiting insects from predation. We previously found that, despite a marked natural chemopolymorphism in natural populations of Pistacia palaestina, the monoterpene content in Baizongia pistaciae-induced galls is substantially higher than in leaves of their hosts. Here we show a general up-regulation of key structural genes in both the plastidial and cytosolic terpene biosynthetic pathways in galls as compared with non-colonized leaves. Novel prenyltransferases and terpene synthases were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli to reveal their biochemical function. Individual Pistacia trees exhibiting chemopolymorphism in terpene compositions displayed differential up-regulation of selected terpene synthase genes, and the metabolites generated by their gene products in vitro corresponded to the monoterpenes accumulated by each tree. Our results delineate molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of enhanced monoterpene in galls and the observed intraspecific monoterpene chemodiversity displayed in P. palaestina. We demonstrate that gall-inhabiting aphids transcriptionally reprogram their host terpene pathways by up-regulating tree-specific genes, boosting the accumulation of plant defensive compounds for the protection of colonizing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Davidovich-Rikanati
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Einat Bar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Gal Hivert
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Xing-Qi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carolina Hoppen-Tonial
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, 85503-390, Brazil
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Institute of Paraná, Palmas, 85555-000, Brazil
| | - Vered Khankin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, 84100, Israel
| | - Karin Rand
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
- Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Amal Abofreih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, 84100, Israel
| | - Joelle K Muhlemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165, USA
- The James Hutton Institute, UK
| | - José Abramo Marchese
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, 85503-390, Brazil
| | - Yoram Shotland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, 84100, Israel
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1165, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Moshe Inbar
- Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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252
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Wang Y, Yang Q, Zhu Y, Zhao L, Ju P, Wang G, Zhou C, Zhu C, Jia H, Jiao Y, Jia H, Gao Z. MrTPS3 and MrTPS20 Are Responsible for β-Caryophyllene and α-Pinene Production, Respectively, in Red Bayberry ( Morella rubra). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:798086. [PMID: 35069655 PMCID: PMC8777192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Red bayberry is a sweet, tart fruit native to China and grown widely in the south. The key organic compounds forming the distinctive aroma in red bayberry, are terpenoids, mainly β-caryophyllene and α-pinene. However, the key genes responsible for different terpenoids are still unknown. Here, transcriptome analysis on samples from four cultivars, during fruit development, with different terpenoid production, provided candidate genes for volatile organic compound (VOC) production. Terpene synthases (TPS) are key enzymes regulating terpenoid biosynthesis, and 34 TPS family members were identified in the red bayberry genome. MrTPS3 in chromosome 2 and MrTPS20 in chromosome 7 were identified as key genes regulating β-caryophyllene and α-pinene synthesis, respectively, by qRT-PCR. Subcellular localization and enzyme activity assay showed that MrTPS3 was responsible for β-caryophyllene (sesquiterpenes) production and MrTPS20 for α-pinene (monoterpenes). Notably, one amino acid substitution between dark color cultivars and light color cultivars resulted in the loss of function of MrTPS3, causing the different β-caryophyllene production. Our results lay the foundation to study volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in red bayberry and provide potential genes for molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinsong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Ju
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Yuyao Agriculture Technology Extension Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Chaochao Zhou
- Yuyao Agriculture Technology Extension Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Jia
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongshan Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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253
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Yu N, Sun H, Yang J, Li R. The Diesel Tree Sindora glabra Genome Provides Insights Into the Evolution of Oleoresin Biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:794830. [PMID: 35058955 PMCID: PMC8764381 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.794830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sindora glabra is an economically important tree that produces abundant oleoresin in the trunk. Here, we present a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly of S. glabra genome by combining Illumina HiSeq, Pacific Biosciences sequencing, and Hi-C technologies. The size of S. glabra genome was 1.11 Gb, with a contig N50 of 1.27 Mb and 31,944 predicted genes. This is the first sequenced genome of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. As a sister taxon to Papilionoideae, S. glabra underwent an ancient genome triplication shared by core eudicots and further whole-genome duplication shared by early-legume in the last 73.3 million years. S. glabra harbors specific genes and expanded genes largely involved in stress responses and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Moreover, 59 terpene backbone biosynthesis genes and 64 terpene synthase genes were identified, which together with co-expressed transcription factors could contribute to the diversity and specificity of terpene compounds and high terpene content in S. glabra stem. In addition, 63 disease resistance NBS-LRR genes were found to be unique in S. glabra genome and their expression levels were correlated with the accumulation of terpene profiles, suggesting potential defense function of terpenes in S. glabra. These together provide new resources for understanding genome evolution and oleoresin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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254
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Identification of (-)-bornyl diphosphate synthase from Blumea balsamifera and its application for (-)-borneol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:490-497. [PMID: 34977393 PMCID: PMC8671873 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Borneol is a precious monoterpenoid with two chiral structures, (-)-borneol and (+)-borneol. Bornyl diphosphate synthase is the key enzyme in the borneol biosynthesis pathway. Many (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthases have been reported, but no (-)-bornyl diphosphate synthases have been identified. Blumea balsamifera leaves are rich in borneol, almost all of which is (-)-borneol. In this study, we identified a high-efficiency (-)-bornyl diphosphate synthase (BbTPS3) from B. balsamifera that converts geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to (-)-bornyl diphosphate, which is then converted to (-)-borneol after dephosphorylation in vitro. BbTPS3 exhibited a Km value of 4.93 ± 1.38 μM for GPP, and the corresponding kcat value was 1.49 s−1. Multiple strategies were applied to obtain a high-yielding (-)-borneol producing yeast strain. A codon-optimized BbTPS3 protein was introduced into the GPP high-yield strain MD, and the resulting MD-B1 strain produced 1.24 mg·L-1 (-)-borneol. After truncating the N-terminus of BbTPS3 and adding a Kozak sequence, the (-)-borneol yield was further improved by 4-fold to 4.87 mg·L-1. Moreover, the (-)-borneol yield was improved by expressing the fusion protein module of ERG20F96W-N127W-YRSQI-t14-BbTPS3K2, resulting in a final yield of 12.68 mg·L-1 in shake flasks and 148.59 mg·L-1 in a 5-L bioreactor. This work is the first reported attempt to produce (-)-borneol by microbial fermentation.
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255
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Ali M, Alshehri D, Alkhaibari AM, Elhalem NA, Darwish DBE. Cloning and Characterization of 1,8-Cineole Synthase ( SgCINS) Gene From the Leaves of Salvia guaranitica Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869432. [PMID: 35498676 PMCID: PMC9051517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are one of the most common groups belonging to the terpenoid family, with a C10 structure comprising of two isoprene units. Most of monoterpenes are volatile plant compounds, and they act as signaling molecules between plants and the environment, particularly as defensive compounds against herbivores and pathogens. In this study, 1,8-cineole synthase (SgCINS) gene was identified and cloned from the leaves of Salvia guaranitica plant. To examine the role of SgCINS in insect resistance, we transformed and expressed this gene into tobacco leaves. The metabolic analysis revealed that the production of various types and amount of terpenoid was increased and decreased in SgCINS overexpression and control lines, respectively, suggesting that overexpressing SgCINS in transgenic tobacco plants lead to an increase in the production of various types of terpenoids and other phytochemical compounds. These results indicated why transgenic tobacco was highly resistant against cotton worm than the highly susceptible control plants. Our results demonstrate that the SgCINS gene can play an important role in plants against cotton worm insect attack, and pave the way for using terpenoids genes for improving resistance to insect attack in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Ali, , , orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-1781
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naeema A. Elhalem
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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256
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He J, Verstappen F, Jiao A, Dicke M, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. Terpene synthases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and their contribution to herbivore-induced volatile terpenoid emission. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:862-877. [PMID: 34668204 PMCID: PMC9299122 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids play important roles in flavour, pollinator attraction and defence of plants. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus) they are important components of the herbivore-induced plant volatile blend that attracts natural enemies of herbivores. We annotated the cucumber TERPENE SYNTHASE gene (CsTPS) family and characterized their involvement in the response towards herbivores with different feeding guilds using a combined molecular and biochemical approach. Transcripts of multiple CsTPS genes were upregulated in leaves upon herbivory and the products generated by the expressed proteins match the terpenoids recorded in the volatile blend released by herbivore-damaged leaves. Spatial and temporal analysis of the promoter activity of CsTPS genes showed that cell content-feeding spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) and thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) induced promoter activity of CsTPS9 and CsTPS19 within hours after initiation of infestation, while phloem-feeding aphids (Myzus persicae) induced CsTPS2 promoter activity. Our findings offer detailed insights into the involvement of the TPS gene family in the dynamics and fine-tuning of the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in cucumber, and open a new avenue to understand molecular mechanisms that affect plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
- Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest University400712ChongqingChina
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ao Jiao
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
- Plant Hormone Biology GroupSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam1000BEAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Iris F. Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University & Research6700AAWageningenthe Netherlands
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257
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Liu X, Gong X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Qiao S, Li G, Tang M. Application of High-Throughput Sequencing on the Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Data-Mining of the Bioactive Compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900035. [PMID: 35909744 PMCID: PMC9331165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) has been used worldwide in clinic to treat the vast majority of human diseases, and the healing effect is remarkable. However, the functional components and the corresponding pharmacological mechanism of the herbs are unclear. As one of the main means, the high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have been employed to discover and parse the active ingredients of CHM. Moreover, a tremendous amount of effort is made to uncover the pharmacodynamic genes associated with the synthesis of active substances. Here, based on the genome-assembly and the downstream bioinformatics analysis, we present a comprehensive summary of the application of HTS on CHM for the synthesis pathways of active ingredients from two aspects: active ingredient properties and disease classification, which are important for pharmacological, herb molecular breeding, and synthetic biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sen Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- Gang Li,
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Min Tang,
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258
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Domingues DS, Oliveira LS, Lemos SMC, Barros GCC, Ivamoto-Suzuki ST. A Bioinformatics Tool for Efficient Retrieval of High-Confidence Terpene Synthases (TPS) and Application to the Identification of TPS in Coffea and Quillaja. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2469:43-53. [PMID: 35508828 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2185-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are a class of compounds that are found in all living organisms. In plants, some terpenoids are part of primary metabolism, but most terpenes found in plants are classified as specialized metabolites, encoded by terpene synthases (TPS). It is not obvious how to assign the putative product of a given TPS using bioinformatics tools. Phylogenetic analyses easily assign TPS into families; however members of the same TPS family can synthetize more than one terpenoid-and, in many biotechnological applications, researchers are more interested in the product of a given TPS rather than its phylogenetic profile. Automated protein annotation can be used to classify TPS based on their products, despite the family they belong to. Here, we implement an automated bioinformatics method, search_TPS, to identify TPS proteins that synthesize mono, sesqui and diterpenes in Angiosperms. We verified the applicability of the method by classifying wet lab validated TPS and applying it to find TPS proteins in Coffea arabica, C. canephora, C. eugenioides, and Quillaja saponaria. Search_TPS is a computational tool based on PERL scripts that carries out a series of HMMER searches against a curated database of TPS profile hidden Markov models. The tool is freely available at https://github.com/liliane-sntn/TPS .
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Domingues
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, UTFPR, Cornélio Procópio, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Liliane S Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, UTFPR, Cornélio Procópio, Brazil.
| | - Samara M C Lemos
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Gian C C Barros
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Plant Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Suzana T Ivamoto-Suzuki
- Group of Genomics and Transcriptomes in Plants, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil.
- Department of Agronomy, State University of Londrina, UEL, Londrina, Brazil.
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259
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Tang R, Wen Q, Li M, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yang J. Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Farnesene Using Metabolic Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15468-15483. [PMID: 34905684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Farnesene, as an important sesquiterpene isoprenoid polymer of acetyl-CoA, is a renewable feedstock for diesel fuel, polymers, and cosmetics. It has been widely applied in agriculture, medicine, energy, and other fields. In recent years, farnesene biosynthesis is considered a green and economical approach because of its mild reaction conditions, low environmental pollution, and sustainability. Metabolic engineering has been widely applied to construct cell factories for farnesene biosynthesis. In this paper, the research progress, common problems, and strategies of farnesene biosynthesis are reviewed. They are mainly described from the perspectives of the current status of farnesene biosynthesis in different host cells, optimization of the metabolic pathway for farnesene biosynthesis, and key enzymes for farnesene biosynthesis. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects for future farnesene biosynthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Tang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center of Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Wen
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center of Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijie Li
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center of Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center of Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center of Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center of Qingdao Agricultural University. Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, People's Republic of China
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260
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da Silva AJ, Clarindo WR, Simiqueli GF, Praça-Fontes MM, Mendes LA, Martins GF, Borém A. Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24408. [PMID: 34949763 PMCID: PMC8702542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50-200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior da Silva
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Borém
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
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Wang X, Gao Y, Wu X, Wen X, Li D, Zhou H, Li Z, Liu B, Wei J, Chen F, Chen F, Zhang C, Zhang L, Xia Y. High-quality evergreen azalea genome reveals tandem duplication-facilitated low-altitude adaptability and floral scent evolution. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2544-2560. [PMID: 34375461 PMCID: PMC8633516 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Azalea belongs to Rhododendron, which is one of the largest genera of flowering plants and is well known for the diversity and beauty in its more than 1000 woody species. Rhododendron contains two distinct groups: the most high-altitude and a few low-altitude species; however, the former group is difficult to be domesticated for urban landscaping, and their evolution and adaptation are little known. Rhododendron ovatum has broad adaptation in low-altitude regions but possesses evergreen characteristics like high-altitude species, and it has floral fragrance that is deficient in most cultivars. Here we report the chromosome-level genome assembly of R. ovatum, which has a total length of 549 Mb with scaffold N50 of 41 Mb and contains 41 264 predicted genes. Genomic micro-evolutionary analysis of R. ovatum in comparison with two high-altitude Rhododendron species indicated that the expansion genes in R. ovatum were significantly enriched in defence responses, which may account for its adaptability in low altitudes. The R. ovatum genome contains much more terpene synthase genes (TPSs) compared with the species that lost floral fragrance. The subfamily b members of TPS are involved in the synthesis of sesquiterpenes as well as monoterpenes and play a major role in flora scent biosynthesis and defence responses. Tandem duplication is the primary force driving expansion of defence-responsive genes for extensive adaptability to the low-altitude environments. The R. ovatum genome provides insights into low-altitude adaptation and gain or loss of floral fragrance for Rhododendron species, which are valuable for alpine plant domestication and floral scent breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuan Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics & Breeding and Multiple Utilization of CropsCollege of life scienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaopei Wu
- The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Danqing Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bing Liu
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianfen Wei
- Research & Development CenterHangzhou Landscaping IncorporatedHangzhouChina
| | - Fei Chen
- College of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Chengjun Zhang
- The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild SpeciesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Liangsheng Zhang
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yiping Xia
- Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental PlantsCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Yang F, Gao J, Wei Y, Ren R, Zhang G, Lu C, Jin J, Ai Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Ahmad S, Zhang D, Sun W, Tsai W, Liu Z, Zhu G. The genome of Cymbidium sinense revealed the evolution of orchid traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2501-2516. [PMID: 34342129 PMCID: PMC8633513 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The Orchidaceae is of economic and ecological importance and constitutes ˜10% of all seed plant species. Here, we report a genome physical map for Cymbidium sinense, a well-known species belonging to genus Cymbidium that has thousands of natural variation varieties of flower organs, flower and leaf colours and also referred as the King of Fragrance, which make it arose into a unique cultural symbol in China. The high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly was 3.52 Gb in size, 29 638 protein-coding genes were predicted, and evidence for whole-genome duplication shared with other orchids was provided. Marked amplification of cytochrome- and photosystem-related genes was observed, which was consistent with the shade tolerance and dark green leaves of C. sinense. Extensive duplication of MADS-box genes, and the resulting subfunctional and expressional differentiation, was associated with regulation of species-specific flower traits, including wild-type and mutant-type floral patterning, seasonal flowering and ecological adaption. CsSEP4 was originally found to positively regulate gynostemium development. The CsSVP genes and their interaction proteins CsAP1 and CsSOC1 were significantly expanded and involved in the regulation of low-temperature-dependent flowering. Important genetic clues to the colourful leaf traits, purple-black flowers and volatile trait in C. sinense were also found. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of important phenotypic traits of Cymbidium and its evolution and serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and molecular breeding of orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng‐Xi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Yong‐Lu Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Rui Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and UtilizationThe Orchid Conservation and Research Center of ShenzhenThe National Orchid Conservation Center of ChinaShenzhenChina
| | - Chu‐Qiao Lu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Peng Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye Ai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Qin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Li‐Jun Chen
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and UtilizationThe Orchid Conservation and Research Center of ShenzhenThe National Orchid Conservation Center of ChinaShenzhenChina
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Di‐Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Chieh Tsai
- Orchid Research and Development CenterNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and MicrobiologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Zhong‐Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape ArchitectureFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Gen‐Fa Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and UtilizationInstitute of Environmental HorticultureGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Wang QQ, Zhu MJ, Yu X, Bi YY, Zhou Z, Chen MK, Chen J, Zhang D, Ai Y, Liu ZJ, Lan S. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Terpene Synthase Genes in Cymbidium faberi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:751853. [PMID: 34899778 PMCID: PMC8656225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.751853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Terpene synthases (TPSs) are essential for forming terpenes, which play numerous functional roles in attracting pollinators, defending plants, and moderating the interaction between plants. TPSs have been reported in some orchids, but genome-wide identification of terpenes in Cymbidium faberi is still lacking. In this study, 32 putative TPS genes were classified in C. faberi and divided into three subfamilies (TPS-a, TPS-b, and TPS-e/f). Motif and gene structure analysis revealed that most CfTPS genes had the conserved aspartate-rich DDxxD motif. TPS genes in the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies had variations in the RRX8W motif. Most cis-elements of CfTPS genes were found in the phytohormone responsiveness category, and MYC contained most of the numbers associated with MeJA responsiveness. The Ka/Ks ratios of 12/13 CfTPS gene pairs were less than one, indicated that most CfTPS genes have undergone negative selection. The tissue-specific expression patterns showed that 28 genes were expressed in at least one tissue in C. faberi, and TPS genes were most highly expressed in flowers, followed by leaves and pseudobulbs. In addition, four CfTPS genes were selected for the real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiment. The results revealed that CfTPS12, CfTPS18, CfTPS23, and CfTPS28 were mainly expressed in the full flowering stage. CfTPS18 could convert GPP to β-myrcene, geraniol, and α-pinene in vitro. These findings of CfTPS genes of C. faberi may provide valuable information for further studies on TPSs in orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Jia Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yang Bi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiating Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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264
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Zhan Y, Zhao L, Zhao X, Liu J, Francis F, Liu Y. Terpene Synthase Gene OtLIS Confers Wheat Resistance to Sitobion avenae by Regulating Linalool Emission. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13734-13743. [PMID: 34779195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) is a major insect pest of wheat worldwide that reduces crop yield and quality annually. Few germplasm resources with resistant genes to aphids have been identified and characterized. Here, octoploid Trititrigia, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding, was found to be repellent to S. avenae after 2 year field investigations and associated with physiological and behavioral assays. Linalool monoterpene was identified to accumulate dominantly in plants in response to S. avenae infestation. We cloned the resistance gene OtLIS by assembling the transcriptome of aphid-infested or healthy octoploid Trititrigia. Functional characterization analysis indicated that OtLIS encoded a terpene synthase and conferred resistance to S. avenae by linalool emission before and after aphid feeding. Our study suggests that the octoploid Trititrigia with the aphid-resistant gene OtLIS may have potential as a target resource for further breeding aphid-resistant wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Frederic Francis
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Terra, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Deportes 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61, Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Yang R, Du Z, Qiu T, Sun J, Shen Y, Huang L. Discovery and Functional Characterization of a Diverse Diterpene Synthase Family in the Medicinal Herb Isodon lophanthoides Var. gerardiana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1423-1435. [PMID: 34133748 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isodon lophanthoides var. gerardiana (Lamiaceae), also named xihuangcao, is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities. Abietane-type diterpenoids are the characteristic constituents of I. lophanthoides, yet their biosynthesis has not been elucidated. Although the aerial parts are the most commonly used organs of I. lophanthoides, metabolite profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed the underground parts also contain large amounts of labdane diterpenoids including abietatriene, miltiradiene and ferruginol, which are distinct from the 13-hydroxy-8(14)-abietene detected in the aerial parts. Comparative transcriptome analysis of root and leaf samples identified a diverse diterpene synthase family including 6 copalyl diphosphate synthase (IlCPS1-6) and 5 kaurene synthase-like (IlKSL1-5). Here we report the functional characterization of six of these enzymes using yeast heterologous expression system. Both IlCPS1 and IlCPS3 synthesized (+)-copalyl diphosphate (CPP), in combination with IlKSL1 resulted in miltiradiene, precursor of abietane-type diterpenoids, while coupling with IlKSL5 led to the formation of hydroxylated diterpene scaffold nezukol. Expression profiling and phylogenetic analysis further support the distinct evolutionary relationship and spatial distribution of IlCPS1 and IlCPS3. IlCPS2 converted GGPP into labda-7,13E-dien-15-ol diphosphate. IlCPS6 was identified as ent-CPS, indicating a role in gibberellin metabolism. We further identified a single residue that determined the water addition of nezukol synthase IlKSL5. Substitution of alanine 513 with isoleucine completely altered the product outcome from hydroxylated nezukol to isopimara-7,15-diene. Together, these findings elucidated the early steps of bioactive abietane-type diterpenoid biosynthesis in I. lophanthoides and the catalytic mechanism of nezukol synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Yang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zuying Du
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of biotechnology and bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Rd Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan Rd, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Rd, Guangzhou 510405, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan Rd, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sun WH, Xiang S, Zhang QG, Xiao L, Zhang D, Zhang P, Chen DQ, Hao Y, Liu DK, Ding L, Li Y, Ni H, Wang Y, Wu X, Liu FH, Chen GR, Han GY, Chen JZ, Su BC, Gao JX, Wan XH, Wang Z, Chen Y, Wang YD, Huang W, Liu B, Zou XX, Ni L, Liu ZJ, Zou SQ. The camphor tree genome enhances the understanding of magnoliid evolution. J Genet Genomics 2021; 49:249-253. [PMID: 34798358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Sun
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuang Xiang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi-Gong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peilan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - De-Qiang Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yang Hao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Le Ding
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fu-Hui Liu
- Fuzhou Botanical Garden, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | | | | | - Bao-Chun Su
- Quanzhou Forestry Bureau, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jin-Xing Gao
- Quanzhou Forestry Bureau, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wan
- Fujian Provincial Forestry Inventory and Planning Institute, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | | | - Yicun Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yang-Dong Wang
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bobin Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin Ni
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Alicandri E, Covino S, Sebastiani B, Paolacci AR, Badiani M, Manti F, Bonsignore CP, Sorgonà A, Ciaffi M. Diterpene Resin Acids and Olefins in Calabrian Pine ( Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire) Oleoresin: GC-MS Profiling of Major Diterpenoids in Different Plant Organs, Molecular Identification and Expression Analysis of Diterpene Synthase Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112391. [PMID: 34834754 PMCID: PMC8622628 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A quali-quantitative analysis of diterpenoid composition in tissues obtained from different organs of Pinus nigra subsp. laricio (Poiret) Maire (Calabrian pine) was carried out. Diterpene resin acids were the most abundant diterpenoids across all the examined tissues. The same nine diterpene resin acids were always found, with the abietane type prevailing on the pimarane type, although their quantitative distribution was found to be remarkably tissue-specific. The scrutiny of the available literature revealed species specificity as well. A phylogeny-based approach allowed us to isolate four cDNAs coding for diterpene synthases in Calabrian pine, each of which belonging to one of the four groups into which the d3 clade of the plants' terpene synthases family can be divided. The deduced amino acid sequences allowed predicting that both monofunctional and bifunctional diterpene synthases are involved in the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids in Calabrian pine. Transcript profiling revealed differential expression across the different tissues and was found to be consistent with the corresponding diterpenoid profiles. The isolation of the complete genomic sequences and the determination of their exon/intron structures allowed us to place the diterpene synthase genes from Calabrian pine on the background of current ideas on the functional evolution of diterpene synthases in Gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Alicandri
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (E.A.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefano Covino
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Bartolomeo Sebastiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Paolacci
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Maurizio Badiani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (E.A.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesco Manti
- Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.M.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Carmelo Peter Bonsignore
- Dipartimento di Patrimonio, Architettura e Urbanistica, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Salita Melissari, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (F.M.); (C.P.B.)
| | - Agostino Sorgonà
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (E.A.); (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0761-357-424; Fax: +39-0761-357-389
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268
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RNASeq analysis of drought-stressed guayule reveals the role of gene transcription for modulating rubber, resin, and carbohydrate synthesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21610. [PMID: 34732788 PMCID: PMC8566568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The drought-adapted shrub guayule (Parthenium argentatum) produces rubber, a natural product of major commercial importance, and two co-products with potential industrial use: terpene resin and the carbohydrate fructan. The rubber content of guayule plants subjected to water stress is higher compared to that of well-irrigated plants, a fact consistently reported in guayule field evaluations. To better understand how drought influences rubber biosynthesis at the molecular level, a comprehensive transcriptome database was built from drought-stressed guayule stem tissues using de novo RNA-seq and genome-guided assembly, followed by annotation and expression analysis. Despite having higher rubber content, most rubber biosynthesis related genes were down-regulated in drought-stressed guayule, compared to well-irrigated plants, suggesting post-transcriptional effects may regulate drought-induced rubber accumulation. On the other hand, terpene resin biosynthesis genes were unevenly affected by water stress, implying unique environmental influences over transcriptional control of different terpene compounds or classes. Finally, drought induced expression of fructan catabolism genes in guayule and significantly suppressed these fructan biosynthesis genes. It appears then, that in guayule cultivation, irrigation levels might be calibrated in such a regime to enable tunable accumulation of rubber, resin and fructan.
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269
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Taxonomic Insights and Its Type Cyclization Correlation of Volatile Sesquiterpenes in Vitex Species and Potential Source Insecticidal Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216405. [PMID: 34770814 PMCID: PMC8587464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenes (SS) are secondary metabolites formed by the bonding of 3 isoprene (C5) units. They play an important role in the defense and signaling of plants to adapt to the environment, face stress, and communicate with the outside world, and their evolutionary history is closely related to their physiological functions. This review considers their presence and extensively summarizes the 156 sesquiterpenes identified in Vitextaxa, emphasizing those with higher concentrations and frequency among species and correlating with the insecticidal activities and defensive responses reported in the literature. In addition, we classify the SS based on their chemical structures and addresses cyclization in biosynthetic origin. Most relevant sesquiterpenes of the Vitex genus are derived from the germacredienyl cation mainly via bicyclogermacrene and germacrene C, giving rise to aromadrendanes, a skeleton with the highest number of representative compounds in this genus, and 6,9-guaiadiene, respectively, indicating the production of 1.10-cyclizing sesquiterpene synthases. These enzymes can play an important role in the chemosystematics of the genus from their corresponding routes and cyclizations, constituting a new approach to chemotaxonomy. In conclusion, this review is a compilation of detailed information on the profile of sesquiterpene in the Vitex genus and, thus, points to new unexplored horizons for future research.
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270
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Liang J, An T, Zhu JX, Chen S, Zhu JH, Peters RJ, Yu R, Zi J. Mining of the Catharanthus roseus Genome Leads to Identification of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Fungicidal Sesquiterpenes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2709-2716. [PMID: 34644092 PMCID: PMC8627374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from microbial genomes has been proven to be a powerful approach to the discovery of new natural products. However, such a genome mining approach to the discovery of bioactive plant metabolites has been muted. The plant BGCs characterized to date encode pathways for antibiotics important in plant defense against microbial pathogens, providing a means to discover such phytoalexins by mining plant genomes. Here is reported the discovery and characterization of a minimal BGC from the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, consisting of an adjacent pair of genes encoding a terpene synthase (CrTPS18) and cytochrome P450 (CYP71D349). These two enzymes act sequentially, with CrTPS18 acting as a sesquiterpene synthase, producing 5-epi-jinkoheremol (1), which CYP71D349 further hydroxylates to debneyol (2). Infection studies with maize revealed that 1 and 2 exhibit more potent fungicidal activity than validamycin. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that characterization of such cryptic plant BGCs is a promising strategy for the discovery of potential agrochemical leads. Moreover, despite the observed absence of 1 and 2 in C. roseus, the observed transcriptional regulation is consistent with their differential fungicidal activity, suggesting that such conditional coexpression may be sufficient to drive BGC assembly in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Liang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianyue An
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Xun Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Reuben J. Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
- Jiachen Zi – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Rongmin Yu – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Reuben J. Peters – Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Jiachen Zi – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Rongmin Yu – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Reuben J. Peters – Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Jiachen Zi – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Rongmin Yu – Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medic, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; ; Reuben J. Peters – Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States;
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271
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Mani V, Park S, Kim JA, Lee SI, Lee K. Metabolic Perturbation and Synthetic Biology Strategies for Plant Terpenoid Production-An Updated Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2179. [PMID: 34685985 PMCID: PMC8539415 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids represent one of the high-value groups of specialized metabolites with vast structural diversity. They exhibit versatile human benefits and have been successfully exploited in several sectors of day-to-day life applications, including cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. Historically, the potential use of terpenoids is challenging, and highly hampered by their bioavailability in their natural sources. Significant progress has been made in recent years to overcome such challenges by advancing the heterologous production platforms of hosts and metabolic engineering technologies. Herein, we summarize the latest developments associated with analytical platforms, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology, with a focus on two terpenoid classes: monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. Accumulated data showed that subcellular localization of both the precursor pool and the introduced enzymes were the crucial factors for increasing the production of targeted terpenoids in plants. We believe this timely review provides a glimpse of current state-of-the-art techniques/methodologies related to terpenoid engineering that would facilitate further improvements in terpenoids research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kijong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (V.M.); (S.P.); (J.A.K.); (S.I.L.)
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272
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Fan H, Wei G, Chen X, Guo H, Crandall-Stotler B, Köllner TG, Chen F. Sesquiterpene biosynthesis in a leafy liverwort Radula lindenbergiana Gottsche ex C. Hartm. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112847. [PMID: 34237478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are among the earliest diverging lineages of extant land plants. Among their unique features, most liverworts contain membrane-bound oil bodies, organelles that accumulate diverse secondary metabolites, especially terpenoids. In contrast to the rich information on liverwort terpenoid chemistry, little is known about their biosynthesis. Recently, terpenoid biosynthesis was studied in a model thalloid species Marchantiapolymorpha, in which sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes are biosynthesized by a new type of terpene synthases termed microbial terpene synthase-like (MTPSL) proteins. Here we study terpenoid biosynthesis in a leafy liverwort Radula lindenbergiana. Vegetative plants of R.lindenbergiana were found to contain a mixture of sesquiterpenes, with (E,E)-α-farnesene/β-curcumene and (Z)-β-bisabolene being the most abundant constituents. From the analysis of the R. lindenbergiana transcriptome, five full-length MTPSL genes were identified. They were designated RlMTPSL1-5, respectively. Recombinant RlMTPSL proteins were produced in Escherichia coli and tested for sesquiterpene synthase activities using farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as substrate. All except RlMTPSL5 were demonstrated to catalyze the formation of different sesquiterpenes. RlMTPSL1 produced multiple sesquiterpenes with eremophilene and an unidentified sesquiterpene as major products. The major products of RlMTPSL2 and RlMTPSL3 were β-elemene and an unidentified sesquiterpene, respectively. RlMTPSL4 was also a multi-product sesquiterpene synthase with an unidentified sesquiterpene being the major product. Homology-based structural modeling was performed to understand the structural basis underlying different product profiles of the RlMTPSLs proteins. Most of the sesquiterpene products of the four active RlMTPSLs were also detected in R. lindenbergiana plants. Expression levels of the four RlMTPSL genes encoding active enzymes in vegetative plants were compared. In phylogenetic analysis, RlMTPSL genes were found to cluster together, indicating lineage-specific expansion of MTPSL genes in lineages leading to R.lindenbergiana and M. polymorpha. This study strengthens evidence for the contribution of MTPSL genes to terpenoid biosynthesis in liverworts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Fan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | | | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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273
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Mao L, Jin B, Chen L, Tian M, Ma R, Yin B, Zhang H, Guo J, Tang J, Chen T, Lai C, Cui G, Huang L. Functional identification of the terpene synthase family involved in diterpenoid alkaloids biosynthesis in Aconitum carmichaelii. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3310-3321. [PMID: 34729318 PMCID: PMC8546855 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aconitum carmichaelii is a high-value medicinal herb widely used across China, Japan, and other Asian countries. Aconitine-type diterpene alkaloids (DAs) are the characteristic compounds in Aconitum. Although six transcriptomes, based on short-read next generation sequencing technology, have been reported from the Aconitum species, the terpene synthase (TPS) corresponding to DAs biosynthesis remains unidentified. We apply a combination of Pacbio isoform sequencing and RNA sequencing to provide a comprehensive view of the A. carmichaelii transcriptome. Nineteen TPSs and five alternative splicing isoforms belonging to TPS-b, TPS-c, and TPS-e/f subfamilies were identified. In vitro enzyme reaction analysis functional identified two sesqui-TPSs and twelve diTPSs. Seven of the TPS-c subfamily genes reacted with GGPP to produce the intermediate ent-copalyl diphosphate. Five AcKSLs separately reacted with ent-CPP to produce ent-kaurene, ent-atiserene, and ent-13-epi-sandaracopimaradie: a new diterpene found in Aconitum. AcTPSs gene expression in conjunction DAs content analysis in different tissues validated that ent-CPP is the sole precursor to all DAs biosynthesis, with AcKSL1, AcKSL2s and AcKSL3-1 responsible for C20 atisine and napelline type DAs biosynthesis, respectively. These data clarified the molecular basis for the C20-DAs biosynthetic pathway in A. carmichaelii and pave the way for further exploration of C19-DAs biosynthesis in the Aconitum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baolong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Biwei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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274
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Liktor-Busa E, Keresztes A, LaVigne J, Streicher JM, Largent-Milnes TM. Analgesic Potential of Terpenes Derived from Cannabis sativa. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:98-126. [PMID: 34663685 PMCID: PMC11060501 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain prevalence among adults in the United States has increased 25% over the past two decades, resulting in high health-care costs and impacts to patient quality of life. In the last 30 years, our understanding of pain circuits and (intra)cellular mechanisms has grown exponentially, but this understanding has not yet resulted in improved therapies. Options for pain management are limited. Many analgesics have poor efficacy and are accompanied by severe side effects such as addiction, resulting in a devastating opioid abuse and overdose epidemic. These problems have encouraged scientists to identify novel molecular targets and develop alternative pain therapeutics. Increasing preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that cannabis has several beneficial pharmacological activities, including pain relief. Cannabis sativa contains more than 500 chemical compounds, with two principle phytocannabinoids, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Beyond phytocannabinoids, more than 150 terpenes have been identified in different cannabis chemovars. Although the predominant cannabinoids, Δ9-THC and CBD, are thought to be the primary medicinal compounds, terpenes including the monoterpenes β-myrcene, α-pinene, limonene, and linalool, as well as the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene and α-humulene may contribute to many pharmacological properties of cannabis, including anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The aim of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about terpene compounds in cannabis and to analyze the available scientific evidence for a role of cannabis-derived terpenes in modern pain management. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Decades of research have improved our knowledge of cannabis polypharmacy and contributing phytochemicals, including terpenes. Reform of the legal status for cannabis possession and increased availability (medicinal and recreational) have resulted in cannabis use to combat the increasing prevalence of pain and may help to address the opioid crisis. Better understanding of the pharmacological effects of cannabis and its active components, including terpenes, may assist in identifying new therapeutic approaches and optimizing the use of cannabis and/or terpenes as analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Keresztes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Justin LaVigne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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275
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Jian G, Jia Y, Li J, Zhou X, Liao Y, Dai G, Zhou Y, Tang J, Zeng L. Elucidation of the Regular Emission Mechanism of Volatile β-Ocimene with Anti-insect Function from Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis) Exposed to Herbivore Attack. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11204-11215. [PMID: 34544239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) play an important role in insect resistance. As a common HIPV in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), β-ocimene has shown anti-insect function in other plants. However, whether β-ocimene in tea plants also provides insect resistance, and its mechanism of synthesis and emission are unknown. In this study, β-ocimene was confirmed to interfere with tea geometrid growth via signaling. Light was identified as the key factor controlling regular emission of β-ocimene induced by the wounding from tea geometrids. β-Ocimene synthase (CsBOS1) was located in plastids and catalyzed β-ocimene formation in overexpressed tobacco. CsBOS1 expression in tea leaves attacked by tea geometrids showed a day-low and night-high variation pattern, while CsABCG expression involved in volatile emission showed the opposite pattern. These two genes might regulate the regular β-ocimene emission from tea plants induced by tea geometrid attack. This study advances the understanding on HIPV emission and signaling in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Jian
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangyi Dai
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jinchi Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, No. 6 Dafeng Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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276
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Liu Y, Huang L, Hu H, Cai M, Liang X, Li X, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Xiao C, Chen S, Chen D, Yong T, Pan H, Gao X, Wu Q. Whole-genome assembly of Ganoderma leucocontextum (Ganodermataceae, Fungi) discovered from the Tibetan Plateau of China. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6377781. [PMID: 34586388 PMCID: PMC8664445 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma leucocontextum, a newly discovered species of Ganodermataceae in China, has diverse pharmacological activities. G. leucocontextum was widely cultivated in southwest China, but the systematic genetic study has been impeded by the lack of a reference genome. Herein, we present the first whole-genome assembly of G. leucocontextum based on the Illumina and Nanopore platform from high-quality DNA extracted from a monokaryon strain (DH-8). The generated genome was 50.05 Mb in size with a N50 scaffold size of 3.06 Mb, 78,206 coding sequences and 13,390 putative genes. Genome completeness was assessed using the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) tool, which identified 96.55% of the 280 Fungi BUSCO genes. Furthermore, differences in functional genes of secondary metabolites (terpenoids) were analyzed between G. leucocontextum and G. lucidum. G. leucocontextum has more genes related to terpenoids synthesis compared to G. lucidum, which may be one of the reasons why they exhibit different biological activities. This is the first genome assembly and annotation for G. leucocontextum, which would enrich the toolbox for biological and genetic studies in G. leucocontextum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Longhua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaowei Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Honghui Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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Li DS, Hua J, Luo SH, Liu YC, Chen YG, Ling Y, Guo K, Liu Y, Li SH. An extremely promiscuous terpenoid synthase from the Lamiaceae plant Colquhounia coccinea var. mollis catalyzes the formation of sester-/di-/sesqui-/mono-terpenoids. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100233. [PMID: 34746763 PMCID: PMC8554039 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products with complex structures and extensive bioactivities; their scaffolds are generated by diverse terpenoid synthases (TPSs) from a limited number of isoprenoid diphosphate precursors. Promiscuous TPSs play important roles in the evolution of terpenoid chemodiversity, but they remain largely unappreciated. Here, an extremely promiscuous terpenoid synthase (CcTPS1) of the TPS-b subfamily was cloned and functionally characterized from a leaf-specific transcriptome of the Lamiaceae plant Colquhounia coccinea var. mollis. CcTPS1 is the first sester-/di-/sesqui-/mono-TPS identified from the plant kingdom, accepting C25/C20/C15/C10 diphosphate substrates to generate a panel of sester-/di-/sesqui-/mono-terpenoids. Engineered Escherichia coli expressing CcTPS1 produced three previously unreported terpenoids (two sesterterpenoids and a diterpenoid) with rare cyclohexane-containing skeletons, along with four sesquiterpenoids and one monoterpenoid. Their structures were elucidated by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nicotiana benthamiana transiently expressing CcTPS1 also produced the diterpenoid and sesquiterpenoids, demonstrating the enzyme's promiscuity in planta. Its highly leaf-specific expression pattern combined with detectable terpenoid products in leaves of C. coccinea var. mollis and N. benthamiana expressing CcTPS1 suggested that CcTPS1 was mainly responsible for diterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis in plants. CcTPS1 expression and the terpenoid products could be induced by methyl jasmonate, suggesting their possible role in plant-environment interaction. CcTPS1 was localized to the cytosol and may differ from mono-TPSs in subcellular compartmentalization and substrate tolerance. These findings will greatly aid our understanding of plant TPS evolution and terpenoid chemodiversity; they also highlight the enormous potential of transcriptome mining and heterologous expression for the exploration of unique enzymes and natural products hidden in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shengyang 110866, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shengyang 110866, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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278
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Chen Q, Li J, Ma Y, Yuan W, Zhang P, Wang G. Occurrence and biosynthesis of plant sesterterpenes (C25), a new addition to terpene diversity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100184. [PMID: 34746758 PMCID: PMC8553974 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes, the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, have received considerable attention for their highly diverse biological activities. Monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), and triterpenes (C30) have been extensively investigated at both the biochemical and molecular levels over the past two decades. Sesterterpenes (C25), an understudied terpenoid group, were recently described by plant scientists at the molecular level. This review summarizes the plant species that produce sesterterpenes and describes recent developments in the field of sesterterpene biosynthesis, placing a special focus on the catalytic mechanism and evolution of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesterterpene synthase. Finally, we propose several questions to be addressed in future studies, which may help to elucidate sesterterpene metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianxu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiliang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author
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279
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Li R, Li Z, Leng P, Hu Z, Wu J, Dou D. Transcriptome sequencing reveals terpene biosynthesis pathway genes accounting for volatile terpene of tree peony. PLANTA 2021; 254:67. [PMID: 34495419 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic and volatile component analyses showed that high expression levels of genes from the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway and the monoterpene metabolic pathway can strengthen the floral fragrance of tree peony. Floral fragrance is a crucial ornamental trait whose improvement is one of the primary objectives of tree peony breeding. So far, exploration of the floral fragrance of tree peony has focused on the identification of its volatile components, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for their formation remain unclear. Here, we identified 128 volatile components from the petals of tree peony and found that they consisted primarily of terpenes, alcohols, and esters. Based on the distribution pattern of these major fragrance components, 24 tree peony cultivars were classified into 4 types: grassy scent (ocimene), woody scent (longifolene), lily of the valley scent (linalool), and fruity scent (2-ethyl hexanol). We used RNA-seq to explore the mechanistic basis of terpenoid metabolism in tree peony petals with various scents. The expression levels of AACT, HMGR, PMK, DXS, DXR, HDS, HDR, and GGPS, which encode key enzymes of terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, were upregulated in 'Huangguan' (strong fragrance) compared to 'Fengdan' (faint fragrance). Moreover, the transcript abundance of LIS and MYS, two monoterpene synthase genes, was also enhanced in petals of 'Huangguan' compared to those of 'Fengdan'. Together, these results demonstrate that differences in the expression of genes from the monoterpene synthesis and terpenoid backbone pathways are associated with differences in the fragrance of tree peony. This research provides crucial genetic resources for fragrance improvement and also lays a foundation for further clarification of the mechanisms that underlie tree peony fragrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ziyao Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pingsheng Leng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zenghui Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Dequan Dou
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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280
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Arévalo-Rodrigues G, de Barros F, Davis AR, Cardoso-Gustavson P. Floral glands in myophilous and sapromyophilous species of Pleurothallidinae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae)-osmophores, nectaries, and a unique sticky gland. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1061-1076. [PMID: 33619653 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pleurothallidinae orchids have been the focus of many multidisciplinary studies due to their challenging systematics and taxonomy. The synapomorphies already recognized in the group are mostly related to floral characters, the last proposed being the occurrence of alkanes in the floral fragrance. The composition of the floral bouquet varied significantly among the studied species, leading us to hypothesize that the variations in volatiles emitted could be linked to the structure of osmophores, especially when comparing the myophilous and sapromyophilous pollination syndromes. Sepals and labellum at different developmental stages of seven Brazilian Pleurothallidinae species were examined using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Nectar reabsorption was assessed by Lucifer Yellow CH tracer and imaged under confocal microscopy. Nectaries were restricted to the labellum of the myophilous species, whereas osmophores occurred in the dorsal and/or lateral sepals, varying according to species. In the sapromyophilous species, floral nectaries were not detected and osmophores were restricted to the labellum. Osmophore structure was correlated with the volatiles emitted, being the trichome osmophores notably present on the sepals of both myophilous species that possess nectaries. For the first time, we demonstrated reabsorption of the released nectar in Pleurothallidinae and the occurrence of a unique gland named sticky-exudate glands, which occurred in the lateral sepals and labellum of Echinosepala aspasicensis, a sapromyophilous species, that released a heterogeneous exudate composed of polysaccharides and lipids. Similar glands have been reported in Bulbophyllum, highlighting the convergence between both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Arévalo-Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil.
| | - Fábio de Barros
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquidário do Estado, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
| | - Arthur R Davis
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil
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281
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Xu M, Jiang Y, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F. Herbivory-Induced Emission of Volatile Terpenes in Chrysanthemum morifolium Functions as an Indirect Defense against Spodoptera litura Larvae by Attracting Natural Enemies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9743-9753. [PMID: 34465092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indirect defense is an important strategy employed by sessile plants to defend against herbivorous insects by recruiting the natural enemies of herbivores mediated by herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). We aimed to determine whether indirect defense occurs in Compositae with Chrysanthemum morifolium as the model and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of HIPVs. Using two-choice olfactometer bioassays, we showed that C. morifolium plants following infestation by larvae of the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura, TCW) were significantly more attractive to two natural enemies of TCW larvae than control plants, indicating that indirect defense is an active defense strategy of C. morifolium. The chemical cue responsible for indirect defense in C. morifolium was identified as a complex blend of volatiles predominated by sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes. A total of 11 candidate terpene synthase (TPS) genes were identified by comparing the transcriptomes of healthy and TCW-infested plants. Gene expression analysis confirmed that up-regulated CmjTPS genes are consistent with the elevated emission of terpenes after herbivory treatment. Our study showed that the herbivore-induced emission of JA-dependent volatile terpenes attracted both predatory and parasitic enemies of herbivores. Generally, our findings indicate that indirect defense might be an important defense mechanism against insects in C. morifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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282
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Zhang Y, Zhang GQ, Zhang D, Liu XD, Xu XY, Sun WH, Yu X, Zhu X, Wang ZW, Zhao X, Zhong WY, Chen H, Yin WL, Huang T, Niu SC, Liu ZJ. Chromosome-scale assembly of the Dendrobium chrysotoxum genome enhances the understanding of orchid evolution. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:183. [PMID: 34465765 PMCID: PMC8408244 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As one of the largest families of angiosperms, the Orchidaceae family is diverse. Dendrobium represents the second largest genus of the Orchidaceae. However, an assembled high-quality genome of species in this genus is lacking. Here, we report a chromosome-scale reference genome of Dendrobium chrysotoxum, an important ornamental and medicinal orchid species. The assembled genome size of D. chrysotoxum was 1.37 Gb, with a contig N50 value of 1.54 Mb. Of the sequences, 95.75% were anchored to 19 pseudochromosomes. There were 30,044 genes predicted in the D. chrysotoxum genome. Two whole-genome polyploidization events occurred in D. chrysotoxum. In terms of the second event, whole-genome duplication (WGD) was also found to have occurred in other Orchidaceae members, which diverged mainly via gene loss immediately after the WGD event occurred; the first duplication was found to have occurred in most monocots (tau event). We identified sugar transporter (SWEET) gene family expansion, which might be related to the abundant medicinal compounds and fleshy stems of D. chrysotoxum. MADS-box genes were identified in D. chrysotoxum, as well as members of TPS and Hsp90 gene families, which are associated with resistance, which may contribute to the adaptive evolution of orchids. We also investigated the interplay among carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene biosynthesis in D. chrysotoxum to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of the short flowering period of orchids with yellow flowers. The reference D. chrysotoxum genome will provide important insights for further research on medicinal active ingredients and breeding and enhances the understanding of orchid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Orchid Conservation and Research Center, The National Orchid Conservation Center, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue-Die Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei-Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | | | | | | | - Hongfeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Wei-Lun Yin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tengbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China.
| | - Shan-Ce Niu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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283
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Zhan X, Tong Y. Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in Sinocalycanthus chinensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:477-484. [PMID: 34166974 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sinocalycanthus chinensis, a diploid (2n = 22) deciduous shrub, belongs to the Calycanthaceae family of magnoliids and is rich secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids. However, the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in S. chinensis is largely unknown. In this study, comparative transcriptome analyses were performed in the bark, branches, leaves, and flowers. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the terpenoid biosynthesis and cytochrome P450 pathways were significantly enriched in the four tissues. Twelve terpenoid backbone biosynthesis-related genes were identified, and eight terpene synthases (TPSs) were reassembled based on independent transcriptomes from the four tissues. Phylogenetic analysis of the TPSs showed high sequence similarity between S. chinensis and Arabidopsis, and these TPSs were classified into three subfamilies. Moreover, 39 phytohormone response-related genes, including 5 abscisic acid (ABA) receptors, 25 auxin response factors, 3 gibberellin (GA) response genes, 5 ethylene response genes, and 1 jasmonic acid (JA) response gene were analyzed. Most phytohormone pathway-related genes were upregulated in the flowers and downregulated in the leaves. The endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) content was higher in the flowers than in the other comparisons. Our results provide an opportunity to reveal the regulation of terpenoid biosynthesis in S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Zhan
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.
| | - Yingpeng Tong
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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284
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Hu T, Feng H, Zhao Y, Yang W, Liu R, Li G. Biochemical and functional characterization of two microbial type terpene synthases from moss Stereodon subimponens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:750-760. [PMID: 34217131 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes constitute a large class of plant secondary metabolites. Usually, there is only one type of terpene synthase in seed plants, which is called typical plant terpene synthase. Currently, as a new family of plant terpene synthases, microbial terpene synthase-like (MTPSL) is identificated in nonseed plants. However, our knowledge about the biological function of most MTPSLs in nonseed plants is very limited. Here, we investigated the biochemical and functional characterization of the enzymes encoded by two MTPSLs from moss Stereodon subimponens, SsMTPSL1 and SsMTPSL2. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that SsMTPSL1 and SsMTPSL2 are homologous to AaMTPSL1, AaMTPSL3, ApMTPSL1, and ApMTPSL3 from hornworts. The enzyme activity experiment demonstrated that SsMTPSL1 has monoterpene synthase and sesquiterpene synthase activity, and SsMTPSL2 has monoterpene synthase activity. Next, we selected SsMTPSL1 to study its biochemical functions. Anti-bacterial activity test in vitro showed that the products of SsMTPSL1 have an anti-bacterial effect on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), and Staphylococcus aureus. To further understand the function of SsMTPSL1, the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant of SsMTPSL1 is inoculated by Pst DC3000, and the result showed that SsMTPSL1 enhances the resistance of A. thaliana to Pst DC3000. All in all, this study provides new information about the functions of moss MTPSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yapei Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China.
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285
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Qin L, Hu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Zhao R, Shan H, Li K, Xu P, Wu H, Yan X, Liu L, Yi X, Wanke S, Bowers JE, Leebens-Mack JH, dePamphilis CW, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Kong H, Jiao Y. Insights into angiosperm evolution, floral development and chemical biosynthesis from the Aristolochia fimbriata genome. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1239-1253. [PMID: 34475528 PMCID: PMC8445822 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochia, a genus in the magnoliid order Piperales, has been famous for centuries for its highly specialized flowers and wide medicinal applications. Here, we present a new, high-quality genome sequence of Aristolochia fimbriata, a species that, similar to Amborella trichopoda, lacks further whole-genome duplications since the origin of extant angiosperms. As such, the A. fimbriata genome is an excellent reference for inferences of angiosperm genome evolution, enabling detection of two novel whole-genome duplications in Piperales and dating of previously reported whole-genome duplications in other magnoliids. Genomic comparisons between A. fimbriata and other angiosperms facilitated the identification of ancient genomic rearrangements suggesting the placement of magnoliids as sister to monocots, whereas phylogenetic inferences based on sequence data we compiled yielded ambiguous relationships. By identifying associated homologues and investigating their evolutionary histories and expression patterns, we revealed highly conserved floral developmental genes and their distinct downstream regulatory network that may contribute to the complex flower morphology in A. fimbriata. Finally, we elucidated the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of terpenoids and aristolochic acids in A. fimbriata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Wanke
- Institute of Botany, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - John E Bowers
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Claude W dePamphilis
- Department of Biology and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hongzhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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286
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Xu S, Ding Y, Sun J, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Yang T, Shen F, Xue G. A high-quality genome assembly of Jasminum sambac provides insight into floral trait formation and Oleaceae genome evolution. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 22:724-739. [PMID: 34460989 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most economically significant Oleaceae family members, Jasminum sambac is renowned for its distinct sweet, heady fragrance. Using Illumina reads, Nanopore long reads, and HiC-sequencing, we efficiently assembled and annotated the J. sambac genome. The high-quality genome assembly consisted of a total of 507 Mb sequence (contig N50 = 17.6 Mb) with 13 pseudomolecules. A total of 21,143 protein-coding genes and 303 Mb repeat sequences were predicted. An ancient whole-genome triplication event at the base of Oleaceae (~66 million years ago [Ma], Late Cretaceous) was identified and this may have contributed to the diversification of the Oleaceae ancestor and its divergence from the Lamiales. Stress-related (e.g., WRKY) and flowering-related (e.g., MADS-box) genes were located in the triplicated regions, suggesting that the polyploidy event might have contributed adaptive potential. Genes related to terpenoid biosynthesis, for example, FTA and TPS, were observed to be duplicated to a great extent in the J. sambac genome, perhaps explaining the strong fragrance of the flowers. Copy number changes in distinct phylogenetic clades of the MADS-box family were observed in J. sambac genome, for example, AGL6- and Mα- were lost and SOC- expanded, features that might underlie the long flowering period of J. sambac. The structural genes implicated in anthocyanin biosynthesis were depleted and this may explain the absence of vivid colours in jasmine. Collectively, assembling the J. sambac genome provides new insights into the genome evolution of the Oleaceae family and provides mechanistic insights into floral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Xu
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongle Ding
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Juntao Sun
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyun Wu
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Tiezhao Yang
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Beijing Agro-biotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Tobacco College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tobacco Biology & Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.,National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemisty Research Centre, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China
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287
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He J, Halitschke R, Schuman MC, Baldwin IT. Light dominates the diurnal emissions of herbivore-induced volatiles in wild tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:401. [PMID: 34461825 PMCID: PMC8404343 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timing is everything when it comes to the fitness outcome of a plant's ecological interactions, and accurate timing is particularly relevant for interactions with herbivores or mutualists that are based on ephemeral emissions of volatile organic compounds. Previous studies of the wild tobacco N. attenuata have found associations between the diurnal timing of volatile emissions, and daytime predation of herbivores by their natural enemies. RESULTS Here, we investigated the role of light in regulating two biosynthetic groups of volatiles, terpenoids and green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which dominate the herbivore-induced bouquet of N. attenuata. Light deprivation strongly suppressed terpenoid emissions while enhancing GLV emissions, albeit with a time lag. Silencing the expression of photoreceptor genes did not alter terpenoid emission rhythms, but silencing expression of the phytochrome gene, NaPhyB1, disordered the emission of the GLV (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. External abscisic acid (ABA) treatments increased stomatal resistance, but did not truncate the emission of terpenoid volatiles (recovered in the headspace). However, ABA treatment enhanced GLV emissions and leaf internal pools (recovered from tissue), and reduced internal linalool pools. In contrast to the pattern of diurnal terpenoid emissions and nocturnal GLV emissions, transcripts of herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) biosynthetic genes peaked during the day. The promotor regions of these genes were populated with various cis-acting regulatory elements involved in light-, stress-, phytohormone- and circadian regulation. CONCLUSIONS This research provides insights into the complexity of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HIPV bouquets, a mechanistic complexity which rivals the functional complexity of HIPVs, which includes repelling herbivores, calling for body guards, and attracting pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Xiema Street, Beibei, Chongqing, 400712, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Current address: Departments of Geography and Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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288
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Feilner JM, Plangger I, Wurst K, Magauer T. Bifunctional Polyene Cyclizations: Synthetic Studies on Pimarane Natural Products. Chemistry 2021; 27:12410-12421. [PMID: 34213030 PMCID: PMC8457131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyene cyclizations generate molecular complexity from a linear polyene in a single step. While methods to initiate these cyclizations have been continuously expanded and improved over the years, the majority of polyene substrates are still limited to simple alkyl-substituted alkenes. In this study, we took advantage of the unique reactivity of higher-functionalized bifunctional alkenes. The realization of a polyene tetracyclization of a dual nucleophilic aryl enol ether involving a transannular endo-termination step enabled the total synthesis of the tricyclic diterpenoid pimara-15-en-3α-8α-diol. The highly flexible and modular route allowed for the preparation of a diverse library of cyclization precursors specifically designed for the total synthesis of the tetracyclic nor-diterpenoid norflickinflimiod C. The tetracyclization of three diversely substituted allenes enabled access to complex pentacyclic products and provided a detailed insight into the underlying reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M. Feilner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Immanuel Plangger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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289
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Huang JQ, Li DM, Li JX, Lin JL, Tian X, Wang LJ, Chen XY, Fang X. 1,10/1,11-Cyclization catalyzed by diverged plant sesquiterpene synthases is dependent on a single residue. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6650-6656. [PMID: 34264250 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00827g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exquisite chemodiversity of terpenoids is the product of the large diverse terpene synthase (TPS) superfamily. Here, by using structural and phylogenetic analyses and site-directed mutagenesis, we identified a residue (Cys440 in Nicotiana tabacum 5-epi-aristolochene synthase) proximal to an ion-binding motif common to all TPSs and named the preNSE/DTE residue, which determines the product specificity of sesquiterpene synthases from different plant species. In sesquiterpene synthases catalyzing 1,10-cyclization (1,10-cyclases) of farnesyl diphosphate, mutation of the residue in both specific and promiscuous 1,10-cyclases from different lineages leads to the accumulation of monocyclic germacrene A-11-ol, which is "short-circuited" from complex cyclization cascades, suggesting a key role of this residue in generating the first common intermediate of 1,10-cyclization. Altering this residue in a specific 1,11-cyclase results in alternative 1,10-cyclization products. Moreover, the preNSE/DTE residue can be harnessed to engineer highly specific sesquiterpene synthases for an improved proportion of high-value terpenoids, such as patchoulol, a main constituent of several traditional Chinese medicines that could treat SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Quan Huang
- Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China and National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Yunnan University, Kunming, PR China and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Jian-Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jia-Ling Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China and School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiu Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China.
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290
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Lim HS, Kim SK, Woo SG, Kim TH, Yeom SJ, Yong W, Ko YJ, Kim SJ, Lee SG, Lee DH. (-)-α-Bisabolol Production in Engineered Escherichia coli Expressing a Novel (-)-α-Bisabolol Synthase from the Globe Artichoke Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8492-8503. [PMID: 34282904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
(-)-α-Bisabolol is a functional ingredient in various health and cosmetic products and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. (-)-α-Bisabolol is chemically synthesized and produced by steam distillation of essential oils extracted from Brazilian Candeia (Eremanthus erythropappus). To sustainably produce pure (-)-α-bisabolol, we previously engineered Escherichia coli to produce 9.1 g/L (-)-α-bisabolol via heterologous mevalonate pathways and (-)-α-bisabolol synthase (BOS) from German chamomile, Matricaria recutita (MrBOS). BOS has only been reported in MrBOS and Brazilian Candeia (EeBOS). The limited availability of BOS has made it difficult to achieve high titer and yield and large-scale (-)-α-bisabolol production. We identified a novel BOS in globe artichoke (CcBOS) and examined its functionality in vitro and in vivo. CcBOS showed higher catalytic efficiency and (-)-α-bisabolol production rates than those from MrBOS or EeBOS. In fed-batch fermentation, CcBOS generated the highest reported (-)-α-bisabolol titer to date (23.4 g/L). These results may facilitate economically viable industrial (-)-α-bisabolol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Lim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Gyun Woo
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Yong
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Joo Ko
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities (NCIRF), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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291
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Das A, Begum K, Akhtar S, Ahmed R, Kulkarni R, Banu S. Genome-wide detection and classification of terpene synthase genes in Aquilaria agallochum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1711-1729. [PMID: 34539112 PMCID: PMC8405786 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Agarwood, one of the precious woods in the globe, is produced by Aquilaria plant species during an upshot of wounding and infection. Produced as a defence response, the dark, fragrant resin gets secreted in the plant's duramen, which is impregnated with fragrant molecules with the due course. Agarwood has gained worldwide popularity due to its high aromatic oil, fragrance, and pharmaceutical value, which makes it highly solicited by numerous industries. Predominant chemical constituents of agarwood, sesquiterpenoids, and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones have been scrutinized to comprehend the scientific nature of the fragrant wood and develop novel products. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these aromatic compounds are still not comprehensively studied in Aquilaria. In this study, publicly available genomic and transcriptomics data of Aquilaria agallochum were integrated to identify putative functional terpene synthase genes (TPSs). The in silico study enabled us to identify ninety-six TPSs, of which thirty-nine full-length genes were systematically classified into TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-c, TPS-e, TPS-f, and TPS-g subfamilies based on their gene structure, conserve motif, and phylogenetic comparison with TPSs from other plant species. Analysis of the cis-regulatory elements present upstream of AaTPSs revealed their association with hormone, stress and light responses. In silico expression studies detected their up-regulation in stress induced tissue. This study provides a basic understanding of terpene synthase gene repertoire in Aquilaria agallochum and unlatches opportunities for the biochemical characterization and biotechnological exploration of these genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01040-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Das
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Khaleda Begum
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Suraiya Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Raja Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
| | - Ram Kulkarni
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sofia Banu
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014 India
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292
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Radadiya N, Mangukia N, Antala V, Desai H, Chaudhari H, Dholaria TL, Dholaria D, Tomar RS, Golakiya BA, Mahatma MK. Transcriptome analysis of sesame- Macrophomina phaseolina interactions revealing the distinct genetic components for early defense responses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1675-1693. [PMID: 34539110 PMCID: PMC8405747 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop challenged by many biotic stresses. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (MP) is one of the most devastating diseases of sesame. Till date, molecular mechanisms of resistance to charcoal rot in sesame is not yet reported. In this study, two sesame variety GT-10 (resistant) and RT-373 (susceptible) were identified with contrasting disease incidence when infected with MP. To get the molecular insight, root samples were collected at 0, 24, 48- and 72-h post inoculation (hpi) with the pathogen and generated RNAseq data was analyzed. A total of 1153 and 1226 differentially expressed genes (DEGS) were identified in GT-10 and RT-373, respectively. During the inoculation with MP, resistant genotype showed high number DEGs at early time point of 24 hpi and when compared to late expression in susceptible genotype at 48 hpi. Distinct clusters were represented for each time period represented by cytochrome P450 83B1-like, single anchor, hypothetical protein C4D60, kirola like and heat shock proteins in the resistant genotype contributing for resistance. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, catalogued the genes involved in synthesis of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, MYB, WRKY, leucine zipper protein, bHLH, bZIP and NAC transcription factors, ABC transporters (B, C and G subfamily), glutathione metabolism, secondary metabolites, fatty acid biosynthesis and phytohormones like auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene and gibberellic acid. Additionally, in the resistant response we have found three unique GO terms including ATP binding, ribonucleotide binding and nucleic acid binding in molecular function category. The molecular clues generated through this work will provide an important resource of genes contributing for disease resistance and could prioritize genes for functional validation in the important oil crop. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01039-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Radadiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Naman Mangukia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
- Bioinnovations, Mumbai India
| | - Virali Antala
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Hiral Desai
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - Hemangini Chaudhari
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - T. L. Dholaria
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Denish Dholaria
- Solar Agrotech Pvt. Ltd. Bhaichand Mehta Industrial Estate, Rajkot, Gujarat India
| | - Rukam Singh Tomar
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - B. A. Golakiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Mahatma
- Department of Biochemistry, ICAR-Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh, Gujarat India
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Hsieh J, Krause ST, Kainer D, Degenhardt J, Foley WJ, Külheim C. Characterization of terpene biosynthesis in Melaleuca quinquenervia and ecological consequences of terpene accumulation during myrtle rust infection. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:177-193. [PMID: 37283700 PMCID: PMC10168048 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants use a wide array of secondary metabolites including terpenes as defense against herbivore and pathogen attack, which can be constitutively expressed or induced. Here, we investigated aspects of the chemical and molecular basis of resistance against the exotic rust fungus Austropuccinia psidii in Melaleuca quinquenervia, with a focus on terpenes. Foliar terpenes of resistant and susceptible plants were quantified, and we assessed whether chemotypic variation contributed to resistance to infection by A. psidii. We found that chemotypes did not contribute to the resistance and susceptibility of M. quinquenervia. However, in one of the chemotypes (Chemotype 2), susceptible plants showed higher concentrations of several terpenes including α-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and viridiflorol compared with resistant plants. Transcriptome profiling of these plants showed that several TPS genes were strongly induced in response to infection by A. psidii. Functional characterization of these TPS showed them to be mono- and sesquiterpene synthases producing compounds including 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene, viridiflorol and nerolidol. The expression of these TPS genes correlated with metabolite data in a susceptible plant. These results suggest the complexity of resistance mechanism regulated by M. quinquenervia and that modulation of terpenes may be one of the components that contribute to resistance against A. psidii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Fan Hsieh
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Sandra T. Krause
- Institut für PharmazieMartin‐Luther Universität, Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - David Kainer
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
- Center for BioEnergy InnovationBioscience DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoriesOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Jörg Degenhardt
- Institut für PharmazieMartin‐Luther Universität, Halle‐WittenbergHalleGermany
| | - William J. Foley
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Carsten Külheim
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA
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294
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F. Concentration-dependent emission of floral scent terpenoids from diverse cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium and their wild relatives. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 309:110959. [PMID: 34134850 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent is an important trait that has a significant influence on the reproduction of many flowering plants and the market value of several ornamental crops. The family of Asteraceae is well known for its unique floral structure (capitulum) that consists of many florets. Although the constituents of either floral essential oils or emitted floral volatiles have been reported in many species of Asteraceae, little information is available on the mechanisms that determine floral volatile emission. In the present study, a total of 44 species/varieties of Chrysanthemum were analyzed to determine the relationship between the internal accumulation of floral terpenoids and their release as volatiles. By performing both headspace collection and organic extraction, it has been found that the emission rates of floral terpenoids are largely correlated to their internal concentrations. Particularly, the flowers of cultivated C. morifolium, when compared to their wild relatives, were found to exhibit lower emission rates that contain lowered concentrations of floral terpenoids. The differences were largely determined by six monoterpenes and five sesquiterpenes that were revealed by principal component analysis. Besides, the relationship between concentrations and emission rates of floral terpenoids as well as the sizes of capitulum was studied in detail. Separated into three different parts, disc florets were found to have a larger contribution to floral volatile emission than ray florets, whereas the phyllaries and receptacles are the main parts of volatiles accumulation. Finally, the potential biosynthetic pathway of the floral terpenoids produced in capitula of Chrysanthemum was proposed. In summary, our findings on the diversity and variations of floral terpenoids in Chrysanthemum reveal correlations between their production and emission. These findings can be useful to develop different plant breeding methods to create novel aromatic cultivars of Chrysanthemum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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295
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Takizawa R, Hatada M, Moriwaki Y, Abe S, Yamashita Y, Arimitsu R, Yamato KT, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Koeduka T, Chen F, Matsui K. Fungal-Type Terpene Synthases in Marchantia polymorpha Are Involved in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Oil Body Cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:528-537. [PMID: 33439267 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses oil bodies in idioblastic oil body cells scattered in its thallus. Oil bodies are subcellular organelles in which specific sesquiterpenes and bisbibenzyls are accumulated. Therefore, a specialized system for the biosynthesis and accumulation of these defense compounds specifically in oil bodies has been implied. A recent study on M. polymorpha genome sequencing revealed 10 genes that shared high similarities with fungal-type terpene synthases (TPSs). Eight of these fungal-type TPS-like genes in M. polymorpha (MpFTPSL1-6, -9 and -10) are located within a 376-kb stretch on chromosome 6 and share similarities of over 94% at the nucleotide level. Therefore, these genes have likely originated from recent gene duplication events. The expression of a subset of MpFTPSLs was induced under non-axenic growth on vermiculite, which increased the amounts of sesquiterpenes and number of oil bodies. The tdTomato fluorescent protein-based in-fusion reporter assay with MpFTPSL2 promoter revealed fluorescent signals specifically in oil body cells of the thallus, indicating that MpFTPSL2 functions in oil body cells. Recombinant MpFTPSL2 expression in Escherichia coli led to sesquiterpene synthesis from farnesyl pyrophosphate. Moreover, suppression of a subset of MpFTPSLs through RNA interference reduced sesquiterpene accumulation in thalli grown on vermiculite. Taken together, these results suggest that at least a subset of MpFTPSLs is involved in sesquiterpene synthesis in oil body cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takizawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Miki Hatada
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Yuta Moriwaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Sachika Abe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Yuko Yamashita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Ryoma Arimitsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Department of Biotechnological Science, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takao Koeduka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Feng Chen
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
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296
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Huang H, Kuo YW, Chuang YC, Yang YP, Huang LM, Jeng MF, Chen WH, Chen HH. Terpene Synthase-b and Terpene Synthase-e/f Genes Produce Monoterpenes for Phalaenopsis bellina Floral Scent. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700958. [PMID: 34335666 PMCID: PMC8318001 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Orchids are the most species-rich plants and highly interactive with pollinators via visual or olfactory cues. Biosynthesis and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere facilitate the olfactory cues and ensure successful pollination. Phalaenopsis bellina is a scented orchid with monoterpenes as major VOCs, comprising linalool, geraniol, and their derivatives. Comparative transcriptomics analysis identified four terpene synthase-b (TPS-b) genes and two TPS-e/f genes with differential gene expression between scented and scentless Phalaenopsis species. Here, we confirmed their differential expression between scented and scentless Phalaenopsis orchids and excluded one TPS-b candidate. We analyzed the temporal and spatial expression and functionally characterized these TPSs. Both TPS-b and TPS-e/f genes showed an increased expression on blooming day or 3 days post-anthesis (D + 3) before the optimal emission of floral scent on D + 5, with especially high expression of PbTPS5 and PbTPS10. The TPS-b genes are expressed exclusively in reproductive organs, whereas the TPS-e/f genes are expressed in both reproductive and vegetative organs. In planta functional characterization of both PbTPS5 and PbTPS10 in tobacco and scentless Phalaenopsis plants did not produce terpenoids. Further ectopic expression in scented Phalaenopsis cultivar P. I-Hsin Venus showed that linalool was the main product, with PbTPS10 displaying 3-fold higher activity than PbTPS5. On in vitro enzyme assay with purified recombinant TPS-b proteins ectopically expressed in Escherichia coli, geraniol was the product catalyzed by PbTPS5 and PbTPS9. PbTPS3 was a linalool/(β)-cis-ocimene synthase and PbTPS4 a linalool synthase. In conclusion, both TPS-b and TPS-e/f enzymes orchestrated floral monoterpene biosynthesis in P. bellina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fen Jeng
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huei Chen
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Hwa Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Orchid Research and Development Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant and Microbial Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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297
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Systematic mining of fungal chimeric terpene synthases using an efficient precursor-providing yeast chassis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023247118. [PMID: 34257153 PMCID: PMC8307374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023247118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric terpene synthases, termed PTTSs, are a unique family of enzymes occurring only in fungi. Characterizing PTTSs is challenging due to the complex reactions they catalyze and the structural complexity of their products. Here, by devising an efficient precursor-providing yeast chassis and incorporating a high-throughput automated platform, we identified 34 active PTTSs, which was considerably more than the number of known functional PTTSs. This effective and rapid pipeline can be employed for the characterization of other PTTSs or related terpenoid biosynthetic enzymes. By systematically analyzing the presence/absence of PTTS genes together with phylogenetic analysis, the ancestral PTTS gene was inferred to have undergone duplication and functional divergence, which led to the development of two distinct cyclization mechanisms. Chimeric terpene synthases, which consist of C-terminal prenyltransferase (PT) and N-terminal class I terpene synthase (TS) domains (termed PTTSs here), is unique to fungi and produces structurally diverse di- and sesterterpenes. Prior to this study, 20 PTTSs had been functionally characterized. Our understanding of the origin and functional evolution of PTTS genes is limited. Our systematic search of sequenced fungal genomes among diverse taxa revealed that PTTS genes were restricted to Dikarya. Phylogenetic findings indicated different potential models of the origin and evolution of PTTS genes. One was that PTTS genes originated in the common Dikarya ancestor and then underwent frequent gene loss among various subsequent lineages. To understand their functional evolution, we selected 74 PTTS genes for biochemical characterization in an efficient precursor-providing yeast system employing chassis-based, robot-assisted, high-throughput automatic assembly. We found 34 PTTS genes that encoded active enzymes and collectively produced 24 di- and sesterterpenes. About half of these di- and sesterterpenes were also the products of the 20 known PTTSs, indicating functional conservation, whereas the PTTS products included the previously unknown sesterterpenes, sesterevisene (1), and sesterorbiculene (2), suggesting that a diversity of PTTS products awaits discovery. Separating functional PTTSs into two monophyletic groups implied that an early gene duplication event occurred during the evolution of the PTTS family followed by functional divergence with the characteristics of distinct cyclization mechanisms.
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298
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Zhang W, Zhang G, Zeng P, Zhang Y, Hu H, Liu Z, Cai J. Genome sequence of Apostasia ramifera provides insights into the adaptive evolution in orchids. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:536. [PMID: 34256691 PMCID: PMC8278605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Orchidaceae family is one of the most diverse among flowering plants and serves as an important research model for plant evolution, especially "evo-devo" study on floral organs. Recently, sequencing of several orchid genomes has greatly improved our understanding of the genetic basis of orchid biology. To date, however, most sequenced genomes are from the Epidendroideae subfamily. To better elucidate orchid evolution, greater attention should be paid to other orchid lineages, especially basal lineages such as Apostasioideae. RESULTS Here, we present a genome sequence of Apostasia ramifera, a terrestrial orchid species from the Apostasioideae subfamily. The genomes of A. ramifera and other orchids were compared to explore the genetic basis underlying orchid species richness. Genome-based population dynamics revealed a continuous decrease in population size over the last 100 000 years in all studied orchids, although the epiphytic orchids generally showed larger effective population size than the terrestrial orchids over most of that period. We also found more genes of the terpene synthase gene family, resistant gene family, and LOX1/LOX5 homologs in the epiphytic orchids. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the adaptive evolution of orchids. The A. ramifera genome sequence reported here should be a helpful resource for future research on orchid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, 518114, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- National Orchid Conservation Center of China and Orchid Conservation and Research Center of Shenzhen, 518114, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of NFGA for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of NFGA for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China.
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299
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Zhang YY, Elam E, Ni ZJ, Zhang F, Thakur K, Wang S, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. LC-MS/MS targeting analysis of terpenoid metabolism in Carya cathayensis at different developmental stages. Food Chem 2021; 366:130583. [PMID: 34303203 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoid metabolism at different developmental stages of Carya cathayensis was elucidated based on LC-MS/MS analysis and multi-omics. Terpenoid metabolites 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphoquinone and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid reached the maximum at 105 days after pollination (DAP) (P2 stage). To reveal the complex mechanism of C. cathayensis embryogenesis in relation to terpenoid metabolites (90-165 DAP), a metabolomic and transcriptional co-expression analysis was conducted. Based on RNA-Seq analysis, 679 genes of 1144 terpenoid biosynthesis were differentially expressed. Six terpenoid metabolites and 86 differentially expressed genes related to terpenoquinone metabolism were identified. Comprehensive analysis of metabolome and transcriptional data revealed that terpenoquinone accumulated in the early phase was active in the later phase. Overall, we profiled the transcriptome and metabolome changes in C. cathayensis during the developmental phase to investigate the metabolic pathways and candidate genes underlying the changes at different growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Elnur Elam
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoyun Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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300
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Transcriptome sequencing and functional characterization of new sesquiterpene synthases from Curcuma wenyujin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 709:108986. [PMID: 34252391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tubers of Curcuma wenyujin are rich in essential oils, mainly various sesquiterpenes, showing antibacterial, anti-viral and anti-tumor effects. However, the molecular mechanism of C. wenyujin is deficient and related sesquiterpene synthases are still unclear. In this study, the transcriptome data of tubers and leaves from C. wenyujin were obtained and assembled into 78 092 unigenes. Of them, 244 unigenes were predicted to be involved in terpenoid biosynthesis while 131 unigenes were categorized as the "Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis" (TBB) term. Twenty-two unigenes possessed terpene synthase domain; five were predicted to be sesquiterpene synthases. Of the 208 unigenes annotated as cytochromes P450, 8 unigenes with full-length coding sequences were part of the CYP71 clade that primarily may perform hydroxylations of specialized metabolites. Furthermore, Ten DEGs related to the C5 precursor supply and sesquiterpene synthesis were validated by Real-time PCR; that showed a close correspondence with transcriptome sequence. A novel germacrene B synthase (CwGBS) and α-santalene synthase (CwSS) were identified in metabolically engineering E. coli. This study provided the first de novo transcriptome comparative analysis of leaf and tuber tissues from C. wenyujin, aiming to understand genetic mechanisms. Key genes involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene will help for revealing the underlying mechanisms of C. wenyujin.
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