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Beyer SE, Sanghvi MM, Aung N, Hosking A, Cooper JA, Paiva JM, Lee AM, Fung K, Lukaschuk E, Carapella V, Mittleman MA, Brage S, Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Petersen SE. Prospective association between handgrip strength and cardiac structure and function in UK adults. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193124. [PMID: 29538386 PMCID: PMC5851546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength, a measure of muscular fitness, is associated with cardiovascular (CV) events and CV mortality but its association with cardiac structure and function is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine if handgrip strength is associated with changes in cardiac structure and function in UK adults. METHODS AND RESULTS Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), mass (M), and mass-to-volume ratio (MVR) were measured in a sample of 4,654 participants of the UK Biobank Study 6.3 ± 1 years after baseline using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Handgrip strength was measured at baseline and at the imaging follow-up examination. We determined the association between handgrip strength at baseline as well as its change over time and each of the cardiac outcome parameters. After adjustment, higher level of handgrip strength at baseline was associated with higher LVEDV (difference per SD increase in handgrip strength: 1.3ml, 95% CI 0.1-2.4; p = 0.034), higher LVSV (1.0ml, 0.3-1.8; p = 0.006), lower LVM (-1.0g, -1.8 --0.3; p = 0.007), and lower LVMVR (-0.013g/ml, -0.018 --0.007; p<0.001). The association between handgrip strength and LVEDV and LVSV was strongest among younger individuals, while the association with LVM and LVMVR was strongest among older individuals. CONCLUSIONS Better handgrip strength was associated with cardiac structure and function in a pattern indicative of less cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. These characteristics are known to be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian E. Beyer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihir M. Sanghvi
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nay Aung
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Hosking
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie A. Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - José Miguel Paiva
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron M. Lee
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Fung
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Lukaschuk
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Carapella
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan K. Piechnik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen E. Petersen
- William Harvey Research Institute, NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Barts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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252
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Non-linear growth trends of toe flexor muscle strength among children, adolescents, and young adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1003-1010. [PMID: 29502173 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are only a few studies on the muscular strength of the foot in children and adolescents; thus, the developmental pattern and normative data of these populations during growth are unclear. We sought to elucidate the developmental pattern of the foot muscle strength among children, adolescents, and young adults compared with that of the hand. METHODS A total of 747 children, adolescents, and young adults participated in this study, and their maximum isometric toe flexor strength (TFS), hand grip strength (HGS), and foot length were measured. RESULTS TFS was correlated with HGS (r = 0.785), age (r = 0.659), height (r = 0.757), body mass (r = 0.737), and foot length (r = 0.594). Multiple regression analyses revealed that TFS was correlated with age (β = 0.243 in boys; β = 0.461 in girls), squared value of age (age2; β = - 0.296 in boys; β = - 0.260 in girls), and body mass (β = 0.256 in boys; β = 0.311 in girls) in both sexes, indicating a non-linear relationship between age and TFS development. In a regression model for HGS, age was a significant variable, but not age2. HGS increased linearly from childhood until young adulthood, whereas TFS increased from childhood until adolescence and then levelled off. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that TFS has a different developmental pattern compared with HGS.
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253
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Strasser B, Volaklis K, Fuchs D, Burtscher M. Role of Dietary Protein and Muscular Fitness on Longevity and Aging. Aging Dis 2018; 9:119-132. [PMID: 29392087 PMCID: PMC5772850 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an unfortunate effect of aging and many diseases and can compromise physical function and impair vital metabolic processes. Low levels of muscular fitness together with insufficient dietary intake are major risk factors for illness and mortality from all causes. Ultimately, muscle wasting contributes significantly to weakness, disability, increased hospitalization, immobility, and loss of independence. However, the extent of muscle wasting differs greatly between individuals due to differences in the aging process per se as well as physical activity levels. Interventions for sarcopenia include exercise and nutrition because both have a positive impact on protein anabolism but also enhance other aspects that contribute to well-being in sarcopenic older adults, such as physical function, quality of life, and anti-inflammatory state. The process of aging is accompanied by chronic immune activation, and sarcopenia may represent a consequence of a counter-regulatory strategy of the immune system. Thereby, the kynurenine pathway is induced, and elevation in the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan concentrations, which estimates the tryptophan breakdown rate, is often linked with inflammatory conditions and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A combined exercise program consisting of both resistance-type and endurance-type exercise may best help to ameliorate the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, to prevent muscle aging comorbidities, and to improve physical performance and quality of life. In addition, the use of dietary protein supplementation can further augment protein anabolism but can also contribute to a more active lifestyle, thereby supporting well-being and active aging in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strasser
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, Medical Section, University Innsbruck, Austria
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254
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Keevil VL, Luben R, Hayat S, Sayer AA, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Physical capability predicts mortality in late mid-life as well as in old age: Findings from a large British cohort study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 74:77-82. [PMID: 29040888 PMCID: PMC5701965 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low physical capability predicts mortality, perhaps by association with co-morbidity. However, few studies include participants <70years old with lower co-morbidity burdens compared to older adults. We examined relationships between usual walking speed (UWS), timed chair stands speed, grip strength, standing balance and all-cause mortality in 8477 participants aged 48-92years enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk study. METHODS Participants (55.1% female) were followed up for 6.0 years (inter-quartile range 4.6, 7.5). Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression by age-group (<70years versus ≥70years) and then in the whole cohort adjusted for age, sex, anthropometry, history of diabetes/stroke/myocardial infarction/cancer, smoking, alcohol intake, socioeconomic status, television viewing time and physical activity. RESULTS Age and sex adjusted associations were similar in younger and older participants (Pinteraction all >0.05) and those with lower physical capability had higher mortality risk. For example, in those <70years old hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for mortality in the third, second and lowest sex-specific quartiles of UWS compared to the highest were 1.21 (0.75, 1.96), 2.11 (1.35, 3.28) and 2.91 (1.84, 4.62) and in participants ≥70years old were 1.19 (0.73, 1.95), 2.09 (1.35, 3.24) and 2.64 (1.73, 4.02) respectively. In the whole cohort, strong associations between all physical capability tests and mortality persisted after multivariable adjustment and after excluding participants with co-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Physical capability was independently predictive of future mortality risk with similar associations in late mid-life, when co-morbidity burden is lower, as at older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Keevil
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK; Medicine for Older People, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK; AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
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255
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Tomkinson GR, Carver KD, Atkinson F, Daniell ND, Lewis LK, Fitzgerald JS, Lang JJ, Ortega FB. European normative values for physical fitness in children and adolescents aged 9-17 years: results from 2 779 165 Eurofit performances representing 30 countries. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:1445-14563. [PMID: 29191931 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop sex-specific and age-specific normative values for the nine Eurofit tests in European children and adolescents aged 9-17 years. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers that explicitly reported descriptive results for at least one of nine Eurofit tests (measuring balance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power, flexibility, speed, speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)) on children and adolescents. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) children and adolescents aged 9-17 years. Following harmonisation for methodological variation where appropriate, pseudodata were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-specific and age-specific differences were expressed as standardised differences in means, with the percentage of children and adolescents with healthy CRF estimated at the sex-age level. RESULTS Norms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the nine Eurofit tests. The final dataset included 2 779 165 results on children and adolescents from 30 European countries, extracted from 98 studies. On average, 78% of boys (95% CI 72% to 85%) and 83% of girls (95% CI 71% to 96%) met the standards for healthy CRF, with the percentage meeting the standards decreasing with age. Boys performed substantially (standardised differences >0.2) better than girls on muscular strength, muscular power, muscular endurance, speed-agility and CRF tests, but worse on the flexibility test. Physical fitness generally improved at a faster rate in boys than in girls, especially during the teenage years. CONCLUSION This study provides the largest and most geographically representative sex-specific and age-specific European normative values for children and adolescents, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kevin D Carver
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Frazer Atkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Nathan D Daniell
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy K Lewis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Discipine of Physiotherapy, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John S Fitzgerald
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- The PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
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256
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Cancer-Specific Mortality Relative to Engagement in Muscle-Strengthening Activities and Lower Extremity Strength. J Phys Act Health 2017; 15:144-149. [PMID: 28872397 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2016-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle strength and engagement in muscle-strengthening activities are each inversely associated with all-cause mortality; however, less is known on their relationship with cancer-specific mortality. METHODS Data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used assessing 2773 individuals aged 50 years or older. Individuals being dichotomized at the 75th percentile for knee extensor strength, and engagement in muscle-strengthening activities was acquired through self-report with ≥2 sessions per week were classified as meeting guidelines. RESULTS With respect to cancer-specific mortality, individuals in the upper quartile for muscle strength were at a 50% reduced risk (hazard ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.85; P = .01) and those meeting muscle-strengthening activities were at a nonsignificant 8% reduced risk (hazard ratio = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-1.86, P = .81) of cancer-specific mortality after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should routinely assess lower extremity strength and promote engagement in muscle-strengthening activities aimed at increasing muscle strength.
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Barker AR, Gracia-Marco L, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, Aparicio-Ugarriza R, González-Gross M, Kafatos A, Androutsos O, Polito A, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Moreno LA. Physical activity, sedentary time, TV viewing, physical fitness and cardiovascular disease risk in adolescents: The HELENA study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 254:303-309. [PMID: 29221862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the independent associations between physical activity (PA) intensities, sedentary time (ST), TV viewing, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in youth. METHODS A cross-sectional study on 534 European adolescents (252 males, 282 females, 12.5-17.5years). Minutes per day of light (LPA), moderate (MPA) and vigorous (VPA) PA and total ST were measured using accelerometers. TV viewing time was measured using a questionnaire. CRF and MF were measured using the 20m shuttle run test and a hand dynamometer respectively. CVD outcomes included markers of body composition (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), WC/height (Ht) and sum of skinfolds (SumSF)), blood pressure, blood lipids and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Clustered CVD risk was calculated using SumSF, HOMA-IR, blood lipids and blood pressure. RESULTS LPA had a significant positive independent relationship with all body composition outcomes (P<0.001) and clustered CVD risk (P=0.046). VPA was negatively related to SumSF (P<0.001), BMI (P=0.018), WC/Ht (P=0.013) and clustered CVD risk (P=0.001), but was non-significant for all when other exposures were considered (P>0.10). MPA had a negative independent relationship with only WC (P=0.029) and ST was not significantly related to CVD risk (P>0.16). TV viewing had a significant positive independent relationship with HOMA-IR (P<0.001) and clustered CVD risk (P=0.019). CRF (all P<0.002) and MF (all P<0.009) had a negative independent relationship with body composition outcomes and clustered CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS Public health guidelines should prioritize on increasing levels of CRF, MF and VPA, and reducing TV viewing time to lower CVD risk in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Barker
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Nutrición y la Obesidad (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Odysseas Androutsos
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Dénes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Nutrición y la Obesidad (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain
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258
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Vanhelst J, Labreuche J, Béghin L, Drumez E, Fardy PS, Chapelot D, Mikulovic J, Ulmer Z. Physical Fitness Reference Standards in French Youth: The BOUGE Program. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1709-1718. [PMID: 28538324 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish sex- and age-specific physical fitness percentiles in French youth. A sample of 11,186 children and adolescents (5,546 boys and 5,640 girls), aged between 10 and 15 years, was assessed in the French national BOUGE study. Participants were tested for their cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, speed, flexibility, and agility using the following tests: 20-m shuttle run tests, curl-ups test, 50-m sprint test, back-saver sit and reach test, and 10 × 5-m shuttle run test. Percentile values were estimated for French youth as a function of age stratified by sex using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). In general, physical fitness was better in boys than in girls, except for the back-saver sit and reach test, in which girls performed better. Except for the back-saver sit and reach test and 10 × 5-m shuttle run test, physical fitness performance was significantly associated with age. Sex- and age-specific normative values for physical fitness tests in French youth expressed as percentiles from the fifth to the 95th are provided. Reference values provide normative data for French youth. The data are useful in identifying special needs for appropriate intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- 1Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University of Lille, Inserm, Lille, France; 2Clinical Investigation Center, University of Lille, Inserm, Lille, France; 3Laboratory LACES, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; 4Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Care, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France; 5Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York; 6Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Bobigny, France; and 7Health Unit, French Mutuality National Federation, Paris, France
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Chasing the top quartile of cross-sectional data: Is it possible with resistance training? Med Hypotheses 2017; 108:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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260
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Silva DAS, Pelegrini A, de Castro JAC, de Lima TR, de Sousa GR, de Lima Silva JMF, Petroski EL. Low handgrip strength levels among adolescents in a city in southern Brazil. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:884-889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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261
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Booth FW, Roberts CK, Thyfault JP, Ruegsegger GN, Toedebusch RG. Role of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1351-1402. [PMID: 28814614 PMCID: PMC6347102 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review proposes that physical inactivity could be considered a behavior selected by evolution for resting, and also selected to be reinforcing in life-threatening situations in which exercise would be dangerous. Underlying the notion are human twin studies and animal selective breeding studies, both of which provide indirect evidence for the existence of genes for physical inactivity. Approximately 86% of the 325 million in the United States (U.S.) population achieve less than the U.S. Government and World Health Organization guidelines for daily physical activity for health. Although underappreciated, physical inactivity is an actual contributing cause to at least 35 unhealthy conditions, including the majority of the 10 leading causes of death in the U.S. First, we introduce nine physical inactivity-related themes. Next, characteristics and models of physical inactivity are presented. Following next are individual examples of phenotypes, organ systems, and diseases that are impacted by physical inactivity, including behavior, central nervous system, cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolism, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone, immunity, digestion, and cancer. Importantly, physical inactivity, itself, often plays an independent role as a direct cause of speeding the losses of cardiovascular and strength fitness, shortening of healthspan, and lowering of the age for the onset of the first chronic disease, which in turn decreases quality of life, increases health care costs, and accelerates mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Christian K Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ryan G Toedebusch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; Geriatrics, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Kocher MH, Romine RK, Stickley CD, Morgan CF, Resnick PB, Hetzler RK. Allometric Grip Strength Norms for Children of Hawaiian Lineage. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:2794-2807. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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263
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Tomkinson JM, Tomkinson GR. Digit ratio (2D:4D) and muscular strength in adolescent boys. Early Hum Dev 2017; 113:7-9. [PMID: 28697407 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a cross-sectional design, this study quantified the relationship between the digit ratio (2D:4D) and muscular strength in 57 adolescent boys. 2D:4D was very likely a moderate negative correlate of handgrip strength, even after adjustment for age and body size. This result may reflect the organizational benefits of prenatal testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
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264
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Oksuzyan A, Demakakos P, Shkolnikova M, Thinggaard M, Vaupel JW, Christensen K, Shkolnikov VM. Handgrip strength and its prognostic value for mortality in Moscow, Denmark, and England. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182684. [PMID: 28863174 PMCID: PMC5580990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study compares handgrip strength and its association with mortality across studies conducted in Moscow, Denmark, and England. Materials The data collected by the Study of Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia, the Study of Middle-Aged Danish Twins and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins, and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized. Results Among the male participants, the age-standardized grip strength was 2 kg and 1 kg lower in Russia than in Denmark and in England, respectively. The age-standardized grip strength among the female participants was 1.9 kg and 1.6 kg lower in Russia than in Denmark and in England, respectively. In Moscow, a one-kilogram increase in grip strength was associated with a 4% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94, 0.99) reduction in mortality among men and a 10% (HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.94) among women. Meanwhile, a one-kilogram increase in grip strength was associated with a 6% (HR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.95) and an 8% (HR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.90, 0.94) decrease in mortality among Danish men and women, respectively, and with a 2% (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97, 0.99) and a 3% (HR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95, 0.98) reduction in mortality among the English men and women, respectively. Conclusion The study suggests that, although absolute grip strength values appear to vary across the Muscovite, Danish, and English samples, the degree to which grip strength is predictive of mortality is comparable across national populations with diverse socioeconomic and health profiles and life expectancy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oksuzyan
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Panayotes Demakakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Shkolnikova
- Scientific Institute of Pediatry at the Pirogov Moscow Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikael Thinggaard
- The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Institute of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
| | - James W. Vaupel
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Institute of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Max Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging, Institute of Public Health, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vladimir M. Shkolnikov
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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265
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Hamasaki H. The association between handgrip strength and sleep duration in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 45:306-307. [PMID: 28847680 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Hamasaki
- Hamasaki clinic, 2-21-4 Nishida, Kagoshima 860-0046, Japan; Department of internal medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
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266
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Lee SH, Kim SJ, Han Y, Ryu YJ, Lee JH, Chang JH. Hand grip strength and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea: an analysis in KNHANES VI. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2313-2321. [PMID: 28831248 PMCID: PMC5552152 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s142621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle mass is known to be associated with mortality in elderly adults. Because hand grip strength (HGS) is known as a simple assessment tool for muscular strength, many researchers have studied the association between HGS and disease. However, empirical evidence for the relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and HGS is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between COPD and HGS, using Korean population data. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted from 2013 to 2015. To reduce the effects of HGS-related factors and potential confounding factors, propensity score matching was used to match subjects with and without COPD. Results Among 14,930 subjects, 832 were enrolled in each group (non-COPD and COPD) after propensity score matching. COPD subjects did not have lower HGS than non-COPD subjects (non-COPD vs COPD, male, 38.0±7.0 vs 38.9±7.0 kg, P=0.044, female, 23.8±4.6 vs 24.2±4.9 kg, P=0.342). Lung function was classified by Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages and was not significantly associated with HGS. For male COPD subjects, there was a significant correlation between HGS and the EuroQol Five-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ5D) utility score index, which is an indicator of quality of life that adjusts for age and body mass index (r=0.201, P<0.001). The correlation was absent for female subjects (r=0.098, P=0.170). Conclusion COPD subjects did not have lower HGS than non-COPD subjects. HGS did not associate with lung function. However, the HGS of male COPD subjects was positively associated with EQ5D utility score index, an indicator of quality of life. HGS may be helpful as an additional method to the evaluation of quality of life in male COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeji Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Ju Ryu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Chang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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267
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Association of handgrip strength with hospitalization, cardiovascular events, and mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7041. [PMID: 28765572 PMCID: PMC5539205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Handgrip strength is useful for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. We examined the associations of handgrip strength with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes. From April 2013 to December 2015, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine patients with type 2 diabetes whose handgrip strength was measured at our hospital. All patients were followed up until May 2016. A total of 1,282 patients (63.8 ± 13.9 years) were enrolled and followed up for 2.36 ± 0.73 years. During the follow-up period, 20 patients (1.6%) died, 14 (1.1%) experienced cardiovascular events, and 556 (43.4%) were admitted to our hospital for any diseases. Multiple regression analyses revealed that handgrip strength was favorably associated with abdominal obesity and renal function. Moreover, Cox proportional hazard analyses with adjustment for potential confounding variables revealed that handgrip strength was significantly associated with occurrence of CVD events and hospitalization in all subjects. In addition, handgrip strength was significantly associated with mortality and hospitalization in men and with hospitalization in women. Handgrip strength could be a prognostic indicator for health as well as a diagnostic marker of skeletal muscle mass loss in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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268
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Morita N, Kambayashi I, Okuda T, Oda S, Takada S, Nakajima T, Shide N, Shinkaiya H, Okita K. Inverse Relationship between Sleep Duration and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Children. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:819-826. [PMID: 27904026 PMCID: PMC5556189 DOI: 10.5551/jat.36517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Poor sleep has been shown to be associated with the development of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, in both adults and children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and arterial stiffness indices in Japanese children and early adolescents. METHODS The data on 102 students (56 males, 46 females; mean age, 11.9±1.8 years) were analyzed. As non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) were evaluated. Their students' sleep habits (bedtime and wake times on a usual weekday) were investigated using questionnaires, and based on these, their sleep durations were calculated. RESULTS The CAVI values in the males and females were 4.8±0.9 and 4.7±0.9 (arbitrary unit), respectively. haPWV values in the males and females were 5.5±0.6 and 5.4±0.6 m/s, respectively. Sleep duration in the males, but not in the females, was negatively correlated with CAVI (r=-0.356) and haPWV (r=-0.356), suggesting that students with short sleep duration could have increased arterial stiffness. After adjusting for confounders, such as age, sex, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, adiposity, and physical fitness, the correlation of sleep duration with CAVI, but not with haPWV, was still significant (partial r=-0.253, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that shorter sleep duration influences arterial stiffening even in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriteru Morita
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyasu Okuda
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Oda
- Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Noriyuki Shide
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shinkaiya
- Department of Sport Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Okita
- Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
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Willems SM, Wright DJ, Day FR, Trajanoska K, Joshi PK, Morris JA, Matteini AM, Garton FC, Grarup N, Oskolkov N, Thalamuthu A, Mangino M, Liu J, Demirkan A, Lek M, Xu L, Wang G, Oldmeadow C, Gaulton KJ, Lotta LA, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Rivas MA, White T, Loh PR, Aadahl M, Amin N, Attia JR, Austin K, Benyamin B, Brage S, Cheng YC, Cięszczyk P, Derave W, Eriksson KF, Eynon N, Linneberg A, Lucia A, Massidda M, Mitchell BD, Miyachi M, Murakami H, Padmanabhan S, Pandey A, Papadimitriou I, Rajpal DK, Sale C, Schnurr TM, Sessa F, Shrine N, Tobin MD, Varley I, Wain LV, Wray NR, Lindgren CM, MacArthur DG, Waterworth DM, McCarthy MI, Pedersen O, Khaw KT, Kiel DP, Pitsiladis Y, Fuku N, Franks PW, North KN, van Duijn CM, Mather KA, Hansen T, Hansson O, Spector T, Murabito JM, Richards JB, Rivadeneira F, Langenberg C, Perry JRB, Wareham NJ, Scott RA. Large-scale GWAS identifies multiple loci for hand grip strength providing biological insights into muscular fitness. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16015. [PMID: 29313844 PMCID: PMC5510175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hand grip strength is a widely used proxy of muscular fitness, a marker of frailty, and predictor of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. To investigate the genetic determinants of variation in grip strength, we perform a large-scale genetic discovery analysis in a combined sample of 195,180 individuals and identify 16 loci associated with grip strength (P<5 × 10-8) in combined analyses. A number of these loci contain genes implicated in structure and function of skeletal muscle fibres (ACTG1), neuronal maintenance and signal transduction (PEX14, TGFA, SYT1), or monogenic syndromes with involvement of psychomotor impairment (PEX14, LRPPRC and KANSL1). Mendelian randomization analyses are consistent with a causal effect of higher genetically predicted grip strength on lower fracture risk. In conclusion, our findings provide new biological insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of grip strength and the causal role of muscular strength in age-related morbidities and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J. Wright
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K. Joshi
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - John A. Morris
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
| | - Amy M. Matteini
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Fleur C. Garton
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Liwen Xu
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
| | - Guan Wang
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | | | - Kyle J. Gaulton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Luca A. Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Department of Sports and Life Science, National Institute of Fitness and Sports, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2393, Japan
| | - Manuel A. Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Tom White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Po-Ru Loh
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John R. Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales 2305, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales 2305, Australia
| | - Krista Austin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Glostrup University Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute ‘i+12’, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Ioannis Papadimitriou
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Deepak K. Rajpal
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Craig Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Theresia M. Schnurr
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia FG, Italy
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cecilia M. Lindgren
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Maryland 02114, USA
- BROAD Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Dawn M. Waterworth
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland 02115, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Eastbourne BN20 7SN, UK
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Paul W. Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section for Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Biobank Research, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn N. North
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skånes University Hospital, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada QC H3T 1E2
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 0B1
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Moreno-Jiménez J, Correa-Bautista JE, Martínez-Torres J, González-Ruiz K, González-Jiménez E, Schmidt-RioValle J, Lobelo F, Garcia-Hermoso A. Using LMS tables to determine waist circumference and waist-to-height ratios in Colombian children and adolescents: the FUPRECOL study. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:162. [PMID: 28697745 PMCID: PMC5506645 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are often used as indices predictive of central obesity. The aims of this study were: 1) to obtain smoothed centile charts and LMS tables for WC and WHtR among Colombian children and adolescents; 2) to evaluate the utility of these parameters as predictors of overweight and obesity. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted of a sample population of 7954 healthy Colombian schoolchildren [3460 boys and 4494 girls, mean age 12.8 (±2.3) years]. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), WC and WHtR were measured, and percentiles were calculated using the LMS method (Box-Cox, median and coefficient of variation). Appropriate cut-off points of WC and WHtR for overweight and obesity, according to International Obesity Task Force definitions, were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The discriminating power of WC and WHtR is expressed as area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS Reference values for WC and WHtR are presented. Mean WC increased and WHtR decreased with age for both genders. A moderate positive correlation was observed between WC and BMI (r = 0.756, P < 0.01) and between WHtR and BMI (r = 0.604, P < 0.01). ROC analysis revealed strong discrimination power in the identification of overweight and obesity for both measures in our sample population. Overall, WHtR was a slightly better predictor of overweight/obesity (AUC 95% CI 0.868-0.916) than WC (AUC 95% CI 0.862-0.904). CONCLUSION This paper presents the first sex and age-specific WC and WHtR percentiles for Colombian children and adolescents aged 9.0-17.9 years. The LMS tables obtained, based on Colombian reference data, can be used as quantitative tools for the study of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Moreno-Jiménez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA). Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra. 24 No. 63C - 69, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruiz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Facultad de Salud, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Emilio González-Jiménez
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436: Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Avda. De la Ilustración, s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Grupo CTS-436: Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Granada, Spain
| | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
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271
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Karlsen T, Nauman J, Dalen H, Langhammer A, Wisløff U. The Combined Association of Skeletal Muscle Strength and Physical Activity on Mortality in Older Women: The HUNT2 Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:710-718. [PMID: 28473035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the isolated and combined associations of leg and arm strength with adherence to current physical activity guidelines with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in healthy elderly women. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 2529 elderly women (72.6±4.8 years) from the Norwegian Healthy survey of Northern Trøndelag (second wave) (HUNT2) between August 15, 1995, and June 18, 1997, with a median of 15.6 years (interquartile range, 10.4-16.3 years) of follow-up. Chair-rise test and handgrip strength performances were assessed, and divided into tertiles. The hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by tertiles of handgrip strength and chair-rise test performance, and combined associations with physical activity were estimated by using Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS We observed independent associations of physical activity and the chair-rise test performance with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and between handgrip strength and all-cause mortality. Despite following physical activity guidelines, women with low muscle strength had increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR chair test, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76; HR handgrip strength, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.85) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR chair test, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.01-2.42). Slow chair-test performance was associated with all-cause (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16-1.51) and cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.76) mortality. The association between handgrip strength and all-cause mortality was dose dependent (P value for trend <.01). CONCLUSION Handgrip strength and chair-rise test performance predicted the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality independent of physical activity. Clinically feasible tests of skeletal muscle strength could increase the precision of prognosis, even in elderly women following current physical activity guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Karlsen
- Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Javaid Nauman
- Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Faculty of Medicine, HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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272
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Faigenbaum AD, MacDonald JP. Dynapenia: it's not just for grown-ups anymore. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:696-697. [PMID: 28235140 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Health and Exercise Science; The College of New Jersey; Ewing NJ USA
| | - James P. MacDonald
- Division of Sports Medicine; Nationwide Children's Hospital; Ohio State University College of Medicine; Columbus OH USA
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273
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Volaklis KA, Thorand B, Peters A, Halle M, Heier M, Strasser B, Amann U, Ladwig KH, Schulz H, Koenig W, Meisinger C. Physical activity, muscular strength, and polypharmacy among older multimorbid persons: Results from the KORA-Age study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:604-612. [PMID: 28329413 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity (PA) and muscular strength (MS) are related to polypharmacy. Our cross-sectional analysis was based on 711 patients with multimorbidity (MMB), aged 65-94 years, who participated in the KORA-Age study. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview and extensive physical examinations including anthropometric measurements, registration of chronic diseases, determination of health-related behaviors (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, etc.), collection of blood samples and measurement of hand-grip strength. PPha was defined as the use of >4 drugs and MMB as having ≥2 of 13 chronic diseases. Prevalence of PPha was 44.6% (n=317), and a significant difference was found in the number of drugs used between participants with and without PPha (7.2±2.1 vs 2.5±1.2, P<.001). Patients in the lower compared to the upper tertile of physical activity had a significantly increased odds to be on PPha (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.05-2.56, P=.031) after controlling for age, gender, BMI, family status, education, alcohol intake, smoking habits, number of diseases, hs-CRP, and telomere length. On the contrary, no significant association between muscular strength and PPha was found (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.66-1.63, P=.873) after multivariable adjustment. Among older persons with MMB, lower levels of physical activity, but not low muscular strength, are associated with higher odds of PPha. Increasing the levels of physical activity appears to be highly recommended in order to potentially reduce the risk of PPha among multimorbid persons aged 65 and older.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Volaklis
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.,7FIT Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Augsburg, Germany
| | - B Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.,Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Heier
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Strasser
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - U Amann
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K H Ladwig
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - W Koenig
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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274
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Steele J, Fisher J, Skivington M, Dunn C, Arnold J, Tew G, Batterham AM, Nunan D, O’Driscoll JM, Mann S, Beedie C, Jobson S, Smith D, Vigotsky A, Phillips S, Estabrooks P, Winett R. A higher effort-based paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health: making the case for a greater emphasis on resistance training. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:300. [PMID: 28381272 PMCID: PMC5382466 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that physical activity and exercise is associated with a lower risk of a range of morbidities and all-cause mortality. Further, it appears that risk reductions are greater when physical activity and/or exercise is performed at a higher intensity of effort. Why this may be the case is perhaps explained by the accumulating evidence linking physical fitness and performance outcomes (e.g. cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and muscle mass) also to morbidity and mortality risk. Current guidelines about the performance of moderate/vigorous physical activity using aerobic exercise modes focuses upon the accumulation of a minimum volume of physical activity and/or exercise, and have thus far produced disappointing outcomes. As such there has been increased interest in the use of higher effort physical activity and exercise as being potentially more efficacious. Though there is currently debate as to the effectiveness of public health prescription based around higher effort physical activity and exercise, most discussion around this has focused upon modes considered to be traditionally 'aerobic' (e.g. running, cycling, rowing, swimming etc.). A mode customarily performed to a relatively high intensity of effort that we believe has been overlooked is resistance training. Current guidelines do include recommendations to engage in 'muscle strengthening activities' though there has been very little emphasis upon these modes in either research or public health effort. As such the purpose of this debate article is to discuss the emerging higher effort paradigm in physical activity and exercise for public health and to make a case for why there should be a greater emphasis placed upon resistance training as a mode in this paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Steele
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - James Fisher
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Martin Skivington
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Chris Dunn
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Josh Arnold
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Science, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, SO14 0YN UK
| | - Garry Tew
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department: Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Alan M. Batterham
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middleborough, TS1 3BA UK
| | - David Nunan
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary |Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
| | - Jamie M. O’Driscoll
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU UK
| | - Steven Mann
- UK Active Research Institute, UK Active, London, WC1R 4HE UK
| | - Chris Beedie
- School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, CT1 1QU UK
- UK Active Research Institute, UK Active, London, WC1R 4HE UK
| | - Simon Jobson
- Department of Sport & Exercise, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR UK
| | - Dave Smith
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, CW1 5DU UK
| | - Andrew Vigotsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Stuart Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Paul Estabrooks
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Richard Winett
- Psychology Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
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275
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García-Hermoso A, Carrillo HA, González-Ruíz K, Vivas A, Triana-Reina HR, Martínez-Torres J, Prieto-Benavidez DH, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramos-Sepúlveda JA, Villa-González E, Peterson MD, Ramírez-Vélez R. Fatness mediates the influence of muscular fitness on metabolic syndrome in Colombian collegiate students. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173932. [PMID: 28296952 PMCID: PMC5352003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was two-fold: to analyze the association between muscular fitness (MF) and clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, and to determine if fatness parameters mediate the association between MF and MetS clustering in Colombian collegiate students. This cross-sectional study included a total of 886 (51.9% women) healthy collegiate students (21.4 ± 3.3 years old). Standing broad jump and isometric handgrip dynamometry were used as indicators of lower and upper body MF, respectively. Also, a MF score was computed by summing the standardized values of both tests, and used to classify adults as fit or unfit. We also assessed fat mass, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and abdominal visceral fat, and categorized individuals as low and high fat using international cut-offs. A MetS cluster score was derived by calculating the sum of the sample-specific z-scores from the triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and arterial blood pressure. Linear regression models were used to examine whether the association between MF and MetS cluster was mediated by the fatness parameters. Data were collected from 2013 to 2016 and the analysis was done in 2016. Findings revealed that the best profiles (fit + low fat) were associated with lower levels of the MetS clustering (p <0.001 in the four fatness parameters), compared with unfit and fat (unfit + high fat) counterparts. Linear regression models indicated a partial mediating effect for fatness parameters in the association of MF with MetS clustering. Our findings indicate that efforts to improve MF in young adults may decrease MetS risk partially through an indirect effect on improvements to adiposity levels. Thus, weight reduction should be taken into account as a complementary goal to improvements in MF within exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Alejandro Carrillo
- Grupo GRINDER, programa de Educación Física y Deportes, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Andrés Vivas
- Grupo de Ejercicio Físico y Deportes, Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | | | - Javier Martínez-Torres
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavidez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | | | - Emilio Villa-González
- PROFITH ‘‘PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mark D. Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Global REACH, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá DC, Colombia
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276
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Gerodimos V, Karatrantou K, Psychou D, Vasilopoulou T, Zafeiridis A. Static and Dynamic Handgrip Strength Endurance: Test-Retest Reproducibility. J Hand Surg Am 2017; 42:e175-e184. [PMID: 28259282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the reliability of static and dynamic handgrip strength endurance using different protocols and indicators for the assessment of strength endurance. METHODS Forty young, healthy men and women (age, 18-22 years) performed 2 handgrip strength endurance protocols: a static protocol (sustained submaximal contraction at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction) and a dynamic one (8, 10, and 12 maximal repetitions). The participants executed each protocol twice to assess the test-retest reproducibility. Total work and total time were used as indicators of strength endurance in the static protocol; the strength recorded at each maximal repetition, the percentage change, and fatigue index were used as indicators of strength endurance in the dynamic protocol. RESULTS The static protocol showed high reliability irrespective of sex and hand for total time and work. The 12-repetition dynamic protocol exhibited moderate-high reliability for repeated maximal repetitions and percentage change; the 8- and 10-repetition protocols demonstrated lower reliability irrespective of sex and hand. The fatigue index was not a reliable indicator for the assessment of dynamic handgrip endurance. CONCLUSIONS Static handgrip endurance can be measured reliably using the total time and total work as indicators of strength endurance. For the evaluation of dynamic handgrip endurance, the 12-repetition protocol is recommended, using the repeated maximal repetitions and percentage change as indicators of strength endurance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Practitioners should consider the static (50% maximal voluntary contraction) and dynamic (12 repeated maximal repetitions) protocols as reliable for the assessment of handgrip strength endurance. The evaluation of static endurance in conjunction with dynamic endurance would provide more complete information about hand function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Gerodimos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Karatrantou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Dimitra Psychou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Theodora Vasilopoulou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andreas Zafeiridis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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277
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Crump C, Sundquist J, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K. Interactive Effects of Aerobic Fitness, Strength, and Obesity on Mortality in Men. Am J Prev Med 2017; 52:353-361. [PMID: 27856116 PMCID: PMC5428895 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity have been associated with premature mortality, but their interactive effects are unknown. This study examined interactions among these common, modifiable factors, to help inform more-effective preventive interventions. METHODS This national cohort study included all 1,547,478 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969-1997 (97%-98% of all men aged 18 years each year). Aerobic fitness, muscular strength, and BMI measurements were examined in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality through 2012 (maximum age, 62 years). Data were collected/analyzed in 2015-2016. RESULTS Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity at age 18 years were independently associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The combination of low aerobic fitness and muscular strength (lowest versus highest tertiles) was associated with twofold all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=2.01; 95% CI=1.93, 2.08; p<0.001; mortality rates per 100,000 person years, 247.2 vs 73.8), and 2.6-fold cardiovascular mortality (2.63; 95% CI=2.38, 2.91; p<0.001; 43.9 vs 8.3). These factors also had positive additive and multiplicative interactions in relation to all-cause mortality (their combined effect exceeded the sum or product of their separate effects; p<0.001), and were associated with higher mortality even among men with normal BMI. CONCLUSIONS Low aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity at age 18 years were associated with increased mortality in adulthood, with interactive effects between aerobic fitness and muscular strength. Preventive interventions should begin early in life and include both aerobic fitness and muscular strength, even among those with normal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Crump
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marilyn A Winkleby
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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278
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Handgrip strength cutoff for cardiometabolic risk index among Colombian children and adolescents: The FUPRECOL Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42622. [PMID: 28195167 PMCID: PMC5307343 DOI: 10.1038/srep42622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows an association between muscular strength (MS) and health among young people, however low muscular strength cut points for the detection of high metabolic risk in Latin-American populations are scarce. The aim of this study was twofold: to explore potential age- and sex-specific thresholds of MS, for optimal cardiometabolic risk categorization among Colombian children and adolescents; and to investigate whether cardiometabolic risk differed by MS group by applying the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) cut point. MS was estimated by using a handle dynamometer on 1,950 children and adolescents from Colombia, using MS relative to weight (handgrip strength/body mass). A metabolic risk score was computed from the following components: waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-c, glucose, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ROC analysis showed a significant discriminatory accuracy of MS in identifying the low/high metabolic risk in children and adolescents and in both genders. In children, the handgrip strength/body mass levels for a low metabolic risk were 0.359 and 0.376 in girls and boys, respectively. In adolescents, these points were 0.440 and 0.447 in girls and boys, respectively. In conclusion, the results suggest an MS level relative to weight for having a low metabolic risk, which could be used to identify youths at risk.
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Armenian SH, Chemaitilly W, Chen M, Chow EJ, Duncan CN, Jones LW, Pulsipher MA, Remaley AT, Rovo A, Salooja N, Battiwalla M. National Institutes of Health Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Late Effects Initiative: The Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors Working Group Report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:201-210. [PMID: 27590105 PMCID: PMC5526451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have shown that autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) contribute to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and worsening of cardiovascular risk factors that could contribute to further CVD over time. These observations, combined with a notable increase in the number of survivors after HCT in recent years, highlight the need for studies aimed at modifying risk or preventing these outcomes by changing specific approaches and/or post-HCT interventions. To address these issues, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute and National Cancer Institute co-sponsored an international initiative on late effects after HCT. This report summarizes the major gaps in knowledge along with detailed recommendations regarding study priorities from the Cardiovascular Disease and Associated Risk Factors Committee, a multidisciplinary panel of international experts. The committee calls for specific studies aimed at understanding and preventing arterial disease and cardiac dysfunction (heart failure, valvular disease, and arrhythmias), as well as decreasing cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and sarcopenic obesity) after HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro H Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California.
| | - Wassim Chemaitilly
- Pediatric Medicine Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Marcus Chen
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric J Chow
- Clinical Research and Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine N Duncan
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lee W Jones
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alicia Rovo
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Salooja
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Minoo Battiwalla
- Hematopoietic Transplantation Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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280
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Cohen DD, López-Jaramillo P, Fernández-Santos JR, Castro-Piñero J, Sandercock G. Muscle strength is associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in schoolchildren. Prev Med 2017; 95:1-6. [PMID: 27847218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) provides protection against the elevated blood pressure in overweight youth. Less is known regarding any similar protective effect of muscular fitness. We investigated how handgrip strength, an easy to implement measure of muscular strength, interacted with CRF and BMI to determine blood pressure in youth. We measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, handgrip strength (HG), CRF and body mass index (BMI) in n=7329 10-16year-olds (47% girls). We defined elevated blood pressure as >91st percentile and Good HG as >33rd percentile. Participants were classified as Fit or Unfit and as Normal or Overweight/Obese based on international standards. The prevalence of elevated SBP was 23%, and 44% of participants had elevated DBP. In unfit participants Good HG was associated with lower SBP (z=0.41 (95%CI: 0.20-0.61) and DBP (z=0.29 (95%CI: 0.12-0.47). In Overweight/Obese participants, DBP was z=0.24 (95%CI: 0.14-0.34) lower in the Good (versus Low) HG group. Overweight/Obese participants with Good HG also had a 32% lower risk of elevated DBP (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.57-0.82). This association was attenuated but remained important after adjusting for BMI (20% risk reduction, OR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.63-1.01). Muscular fitness appears to play some protective role against the risk of elevated blood pressure; particularly for the more prevalent measure: elevated DBP (44%). Effects may be restricted to Overweight / Obese or unfit youth, who have an increased risk of elevated BP and also may be less likely to engage in traditional cardiorespiratory fitness training. Research to determine the effects of muscular fitness training on blood pressure is warranted in these subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Cohen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia; Center for Research in Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes and Diabetes, Opthamological Foundation of Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia.
| | - P López-Jaramillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia; Center for Research in Metabolic Syndrome, Prediabetes and Diabetes, Opthamological Foundation of Santander (FOSCAL), Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia
| | | | - J Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Grh Sandercock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
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281
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No association between grip strength and cardiovascular risk: The CoLaus population-based study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:478-482. [PMID: 28129924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased grip strength (GS) is predictive of cardiovascular (CV) disease but whether it improves CV risk prediction has not been evaluated. We assessed the predictive value of low GS on incident CV events and overall mortality taking into account CV risk equations in a population-based study from Switzerland. METHODS 2707 adults (54.8% women, age range 50-75years) were followed for a median time of 5.4years. GS was assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. CV absolute risk at baseline was assessed using recalibrated SCORE, Framingham and PROCAM risk equations. Incident CV events were adjudicated by an independent committee. RESULTS 160 deaths and 188 incident CV events occurred during follow-up. On bivariate analysis, low GS was associated with increased incident CV events: hazard ratio (HR) and (95% confidence interval) 1.76 (1.13-2.76), p<0.01 but not with overall mortality: HR=1.51 (0.94-2.45), p=0.09. The association between low GS and incident CV events disappeared after adjusting for baseline CV risk: HR=1.23 (0.79-1.94), p=0.36; 1.34 (0.86-2.10), p=0.20 and 1.47 (0.94-2.31), p=0.09 after adjusting for SCORE, Framingham and PROCAM scores, respectively. CONCLUSION Low GS is not predictive of incident CV events when taking into account CV absolute risk.
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282
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Ramírez‐Vélez R, Palacios‐López A, Humberto Prieto‐Benavides D, Enrique Correa‐Bautista J, Izquierdo M, Alonso‐Martínez A, Lobelo F. Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle-run test in a population-based sample of school-aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29:e22902. [PMID: 27500986 PMCID: PMC5298048 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk. METHODS A total of 7244 children and adolescents attending public schools in Bogota, Colombia (55.7% girls; age range of 9-17.9 years) participated in this study. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak ). Smoothed percentile curves were calculated. In addition, we present the prevalence of low CRF after applying a correction factor to account for the impact of Bogota's altitude (2625 m over sea level) on CRF assessment, and we calculated the number of participants who fell below health-related FITNESSGRAM cut-points for low CRF. RESULTS Shuttles and V˙O2peak were higher in boys than in girls in all age groups. In boys, there were higher levels of performance with increasing age, with most gains between the ages of 13 and 17. The proportion of subjects with a low CRF, suggestive of future cardio-metabolic risk (health risk FITNESSGRAM category) was 31.5% (28.2% for boys and 34.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). After applying a 1.11 altitude correction factor, the overall prevalence of low CRF was 11.5% (9.6% for boys and 13.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide sex- and age-specific normative reference standards for the 20 m shuttle-run test and estimated V˙O2peak values in a large, population-based sample of schoolchildren from a large Latin-American city at high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Adalberto Palacios‐López
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Daniel Humberto Prieto‐Benavides
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa‐Bautista
- Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del RosarioBogotáD.CColombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Grupo GICAEDS, Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación, Universidad Santo TomásBogotáD.CColombia
- Department of Health SciencesPublic University of NavarraNavarraSpain
| | | | - Felipe Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global HealthRollins School of Public Health, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgia
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283
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Hamasaki H. Lower Extremity Skeletal Muscle Mass, but Not Upper Extremity Skeletal Muscle Mass, Is Inversely Associated with Hospitalization in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2303467. [PMID: 28848767 PMCID: PMC5564125 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2303467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of skeletal muscle mass with metabolic parameters and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes between May 2013 and November 2015. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the association between skeletal muscle mass and metabolic parameters. Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to assess the association between skeletal muscle mass and hospitalization. RESULTS A total of 121 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients was 59.4 ± 14.2 years. During a mean follow-up of 730 ± 253 days, three patients (2.8%) died and 79 patients (65.3%) were admitted to our hospital. After adjustment for age, sex, height, and weight, it was found that lower extremity skeletal muscle mass (LSM) was inversely associated with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (β = -0.108, P = 0.008). Moreover, LSM was significantly associated with reduced risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio = 0.752; 95% confidence interval, 0.601-0.942; P = 0.013). In contrast, upper extremity skeletal muscle mass (USM) did not exhibit any significant association. CONCLUSION LSM, but not USM, is important for managing patients with type 2 diabetes. This trial is registered with UMIN000023010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Hamasaki
- Hamasaki Clinic, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- *Hidetaka Hamasaki:
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284
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Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Kutty VR, Lanas F, Hui C, Quanyong X, Zhenzhen Q, Jinhua T, Noorhassim I, AlHabib KF, Moss SJ, Rosengren A, Akalin AA, Rahman O, Chifamba J, Orlandini A, Kumar R, Yeates K, Gupta R, Yusufali A, Dans A, Avezum Á, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Poirier P, Heidari H, Zatonska K, Iqbal R, Khatib R, Yusuf S. Reference ranges of handgrip strength from 125,462 healthy adults in 21 countries: a prospective urban rural epidemiologic (PURE) study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:535-546. [PMID: 27104109 PMCID: PMC4833755 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) has prognostic value with respect to all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular disease, and is an important part of the evaluation of frailty. Published reference ranges for HGS are mostly derived from Caucasian populations in high-income countries. There is a paucity of information on normative HGS values in non-Caucasian populations from low- or middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to develop reference HGS ranges for healthy adults from a broad range of ethnicities and socioeconomically diverse geographic regions. METHODS HGS was measured using a Jamar dynamometer in 125,462 healthy adults aged 35-70 years from 21 countries in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. RESULTS HGS values differed among individuals from different geographic regions. HGS values were highest among those from Europe/North America, lowest among those from South Asia, South East Asia and Africa, and intermediate among those from China, South America, and the Middle East. Reference ranges stratified by geographic region, age, and sex are presented. These ranges varied from a median (25th-75th percentile) 50 kg (43-56 kg) in men <40 years from Europe/North America to 18 kg (14-20 kg) in women >60 years from South East Asia. Reference ranges by ethnicity and body-mass index are also reported. CONCLUSIONS Individual HGS measurements should be interpreted using region/ethnic-specific reference ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl P Leong
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Koon K Teo
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
| | - V Raman Kutty
- Health Action by People, 'Chemmanam', Navarangam Lane Medical College Post Office Trivandrum India
| | | | - Chen Hui
- Medical Research & Biometrics Center National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital Beijing China
| | - Xiang Quanyong
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control &12 Prevention Nanjing City China
| | - Qian Zhenzhen
- Jiangxinzhou community health service center Nanjing City China
| | | | - Ismail Noorhassim
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center(UKMMC) Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Khalid F AlHabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah J Moss
- North-West University Physical activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences Potchefstroom South Africa
| | | | - Ayse Arzu Akalin
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Medical Education Yeditepe University Medical Faculty Atasehir, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Omar Rahman
- Independent University Bangladesh Bangladesh
| | - Jephat Chifamba
- University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences Department of Physiology Harare
| | | | | | - Karen Yeates
- Department of Medicine Queen's University Kingston ON Canada
| | | | | | - Antonio Dans
- College of Medicine University of the Philippines - Manila Malate Philippines
| | - Álvaro Avezum
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology São Paulo Brazil
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander (FOSCAL) Universidad de Santander (UDES) Bucaramanga Colombia
| | - Paul Poirier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec Québec Canada
| | - Hosein Heidari
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Romaina Iqbal
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Medicine Aga Khan University Pakistan
| | - Rasha Khatib
- Institute of Community and Public Health Birzeit University Ramallah Palestine
| | - Salim Yusuf
- The Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ON Canada
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285
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Gubelmann C, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P. Association of grip strength with cardiovascular risk markers. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 24:514-521. [PMID: 27885059 DOI: 10.1177/2047487316680695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Mechanisms underlying the association between grip strength and cardiovascular mortality are poorly understood. We aimed to assess the association of grip strength with a panel of cardiovascular risk markers. Design The study was based on a cross-sectional analysis of 3468 adults aged 50-75 years (1891 women) from a population-based sample in Lausanne, Switzerland. Methods Grip strength was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. Cardiovascular risk markers included anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, adiposity, inflammatory and other metabolic markers. Results In both genders, grip strength was negatively associated with fat mass (Pearson correlation coefficient: women: -0.170, men: -0.198), systolic blood pressure (women: -0.096, men: -0.074), fasting glucose (women: -0.048, men: -0.071), log-transformed leptin (women: -0.074, men: -0.065), log-transformed high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (women: -0.101, men: -0.079) and log-transformed homocysteine (women: -0.109, men: -0.060). In men, grip strength was also positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (0.068), total (0.106) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (0.082), and negatively associated with interleukin-6 (-0.071); in women, grip strength was negatively associated with triglycerides (-0.064) and uric acid (-0.059). After multivariate adjustment, grip strength was negatively associated with waist circumference (change per 5 kg increase in grip strength: -0.82 cm in women and -0.77 cm in men), fat mass (-0.56% in women; -0.27% in men) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-6.8% in women; -3.2% in men) in both genders, and with body mass index (0.22 kg/m2) and leptin (-2.7%) in men. Conclusion Grip strength shows only moderate associations with cardiovascular risk markers. The effect of muscle strength as measured by grip strength on cardiovascular disease does not seem to be mediated by cardiovascular risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Gubelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
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286
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Ishihara T, Sugasawa S, Matsuda Y, Mizuno M. Improved executive functions in 6-12-year-old children following cognitively engaging tennis lessons. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:2014-2020. [PMID: 27849444 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1250939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationships between cognitively engaging exercise (i.e., game-based and coordination exercises), executive functions (i.e., inhibitory control and working memory), and physical fitness. Forty junior tennis players (6-12 years old), who regularly participated in tennis lessons (2.55 years, SD = 1.61) prior to the study, were investigated. All participants completed evaluations of executive functions (inhibitory control and working memory) at rest. The duration of each lessons' instructional activities, including coordination training, game-based exercise, rallying, and non-physical activity (explanations and breaks), was recorded. Physical fitness was evaluated using the Tennis Field Test. A longer duration of game-based exercise was positively correlated with inhibitory control and physical fitness. Coordination training was associated with improved working memory. Non-physical activity was inversely correlated with inhibitory control, working memory, and physical fitness. The results suggest that game-based tennis lessons have beneficial effects on inhibitory control and physical fitness levels, and a longer duration of coordination training is associated with better working memory. The present study indicates that shortened non-physical activity time within a sports setting is associated with the development of executive functions and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Ishihara
- a Department of Physical Fitness Science, Graduate School of Education , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | | | | | - Masao Mizuno
- c Faculty of Education , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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287
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Benito PJ, Alvarez-Sánchez M, Díaz V, Morencos E, Peinado AB, Cupeiro R, Maffulli N. Cardiovascular Fitness and Energy Expenditure Response during a Combined Aerobic and Circuit Weight Training Protocol. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164349. [PMID: 27832062 PMCID: PMC5104360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study describes the oxygen uptake and total energy expenditure (including both aerobic and anaerobic contribution) response during three different circuit weight training (CWT) protocols of equivalent duration composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, and a combination of free weight exercises intercalating aerobic exercise. DESIGN Controlled, randomized crossover designs. METHODS Subjects completed in a randomized order three circuit weight training protocols of the same duration (3 sets of 8 exercises, 45min 15s) and intensity (70% of 15 repetitions maximum). The circuit protocols were composed of free weight exercises, machine exercises, or a combination of free weight exercises with aerobic exercise. Oxygen consumption and lactate concentration were measured throughout the circuit to estimate aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure respectively. RESULTS Energy expenditure is higher in the combined exercise protocol (29.9±3.6 ml/kg/min), compared with Freeweight (24.2±2.8ml/kg/min) and Machine (20.4±2.9ml/kg/min). The combined exercise protocol produced the highest total energy expenditure but the lowest lactate concentration and perceived exertion. The anaerobic contribution to total energy expenditure was higher in the machine and free weight protocols compared with the combined exercise protocol (6.2%, 4.6% and 2.3% respectively). CONCLUSIONS In the proposed protocols, the combined exercise protocol results in the highest oxygen consumption. Total energy expenditure is related to the type of exercise included in the circuit. Anaerobic contributions to total energy expenditure during circuit weight training may be modest, but lack of their estimation may underestimate total energy expenditure. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Benito
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alvarez-Sánchez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Víctor Díaz
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Morencos
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Francisco de Vitoria University, Exercise and Sport Sciences, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Cupeiro
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- University of Salerno School of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Salerno, Italy
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, England, United Kingdom
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288
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Lopes L, Póvoas S, Mota J, Okely AD, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Cliff DP, Lopes VP, Santos R. Flexibility is associated with motor competence in schoolchildren. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1806-1813. [PMID: 27781306 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Available data on the associations between motor competence (MC) and flexibility are limited and result inconclusive. This study aims to examine the relationship between flexibility and MC in children. The sample comprised 596 Portuguese children (47.1% girls) aged 9.7 ± 0.6 years. Motor competence was evaluated with the body coordination test, Körperkoordination Test für Kinder. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run), muscular strength (curl-up and push-up tests), and flexibility (back-saver sit and reach and trunk-lift tests) were evaluated using the Fitnessgram Test Battery. Z-scores by age and gender for the physical fitness tests were constructed. Analysis of variance and regression analysis were performed. Participants in the healthy zone groups of both flexibility tests exhibited significantly better scores of MC than the participants under the healthy zone (P < 0.001). Back-saver sit and reach and trunk-lift Z-scores, either individually or as a sum, were significant predictors of MC (P < 0.05 for all) after adjustments for the other physical fitness components, age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status, in both genders. Our findings highlight the importance of promoting and developing flexibility, as well as the other health-related physical fitness components in schoolchildren to reach adequate levels of MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lopes
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - J Mota
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A D Okely
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - M J Coelho-E-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D P Cliff
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - V P Lopes
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - R Santos
- Research Centre for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Education, Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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289
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Steele J, Fisher JP, Assunção AR, Bottaro M, Gentil P. The role of volume-load in strength and absolute endurance adaptations in adolescent's performing high- or low-load resistance training. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:193-201. [PMID: 28128973 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study compared high- (HL) and low-load (LL) resistance training (RT) on strength, absolute endurance, volume-load, and their relationships in untrained adolescents. Thirty-three untrained adolescents of both sexes (males, n = 17; females, n = 16; 14 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned into either (i) HL (n = 17): performing 3 sets of 4-6 repetitions to momentary concentric failure; or (ii) LL (n = 16): performing 2 sets of 12-15 repetitions to momentary concentric failure. RT was performed for 2×/week for 9 weeks. Change in maximum strength (1 repetition maximum) and absolute muscular endurance for barbell bench press was assessed. Weekly volume-load was calculated as sets (n) × repetitions (n) × load (kg). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CIs) revealed that both groups significantly increased in strength and absolute endurance with large effect sizes (d = 1.51-1.66). There were no between-group differences for change in strength or absolute endurance. Ninety-five percent CIs revealed that both groups significantly increased in weekly volume-load with large effect sizes (HL = 1.66, LL = 1.02). There were no between-group differences for change in volume-load though average weekly volume-load was significantly greater for LL (p < 0.001). Significant Pearson's correlations were found for the HL group between average weekly volume-load and both strength (r = 0.650, p = 0.005) and absolute endurance (r = 0.552, p = 0.022) increases. Strength and absolute endurance increases do not differ between HL and LL conditions in adolescents when performed to momentary concentric failure. Under HL conditions greater weekly volume-load is associated with greater strength and absolute endurance increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Steele
- a School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 0YN, UK
| | - James P Fisher
- a School of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University, Southampton, Hampshire SO14 0YN, UK
| | - Ari R Assunção
- b College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-970, Brazil.,c Integrated Center of Physical Activity, Brasilia, DF 70390-070, Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- b College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- d College of Physical Education, Federal University of Goias, Gôiania, GO 74960-900, Brazil
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290
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Nyström C, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Mora-Gonzalez J, Risinger AS, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Löf M. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness level in preschool children from the north compared with the south of Europe: an exploration with two countries. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:403-10. [PMID: 26549795 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND North-south differences in the prevalence of obesity and fitness levels have been found in European adolescents, yet it is unknown if such differences already exist in very young children. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness levels in preschool children aged 4 years from Sweden (north of Europe) and Spain (south of Europe). METHODS The sample consisted of 315 Swedish and 128 Spanish preschoolers. Anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference) and fitness (strength, speed-agility, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex and height/body mass index (BMI) was used. RESULTS Preschool children from Sweden had lower prevalence of overweight/obesity than their peers from Spain (World Obesity Federation, mean difference, MD = -9%, P = 0.010; World Health Organization, MD = -11%, P = 0.011). Concerning fitness, preschoolers from Spain were more fit in terms of upper-muscular strength (MD = +0.4 kg, P = 0.010), speed-agility (MD = -1.9 s, P = 0.001), balance (MD = +4.0 s, P = 0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (MD = boys = +6.6 laps, girls = +2.3 laps; P < 0.001 for all), yet they had worse lower-muscular strength (MD = -7.1, P ≤ 0.001) than those from Sweden. Differences in upper-muscular strength were largely explained by differences in BMI, and differences in cardiorespiratory fitness should be interpreted cautiously due to some methodological deviations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in Spain compared with Sweden is present already at early childhood, while differences in physical fitness components showed mixed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Nyström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A S Risinger
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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291
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Gomes TN, Dos Santos FK, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Active and strong: physical activity, muscular strength, and metabolic risk in children. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27545106 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the associations among physical activity, muscular strength, and metabolic risk among children. METHODS The sample included 378 Portuguese children (213 girls; 9-11 years). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and children were classified as active (≥60 min/day) or insufficiently active (<60 min/day). Static strength was expressed as the ratio of handgrip strength/body weight and used to classify children as having high (≥P50) or low (<P50) muscular strength. Children were classified into four groups: active and high strength, active and low strength, insufficiently active and high strength, insufficiently active and low strength. A continuous metabolic risk score was computed from cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS In general, the insufficiently active and low strength group had the worst metabolic risk score, and the active and high strength group had the best. Significant differences were found within physical activity groups for metabolic risk: children classified as "active and high strength" and "insufficiently active and high strength" had better metabolic risk scores than "active and low strength" and "insufficiently active and low strength", respectively. CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength has a relevant role in attenuating the association between physical inactivity and metabolic risk in children; a further benefit was identified in children with high physical activity and high muscular strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Natacha Gomes
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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292
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Assunção AR, Bottaro M, Ferreira-Junior JB, Izquierdo M, Cadore EL, Gentil P. The Chronic Effects of Low- and High-Intensity Resistance Training on Muscular Fitness in Adolescents. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160650. [PMID: 27509050 PMCID: PMC4979886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the effects of high-load, low-repetition maximum (LRM) and low-load, high-repetition maximum (HRM) resistance training regimens on muscular fitness in untrained adolescents. Forty-five untrained adolescents of both sexes (13.7±0.8 years; 161.3±7.5 cm, 56.8±13.4 kg) were randomly assigned into one of three groups: 1) LRM (n = 17): volunteers performed three sets of 4-6-repetition maximum (RM); 2) HRM (n = 16): volunteers performed three sets of 12–15 RM; and 3) control (CON, n = 12). Training was performed two times a week for 9 weeks. After training, there were significant increases in 1 RM chest press (LRM = 14.8% and HRM = 14.2%, p<0.05) and squat (LRM = 26.4% and HRM = 25.7%, p<0.05), with no differences between the LRM and HRM groups (p>0.05). Additionally, muscular endurance increased significantly for the chest press (LRM = 14.5% and HRM = 21.8%, p<0.05) and squat test (LRM = 31.4% and HRM = 32.4%, p<0.05) following resistance training, with no difference between the LRM and HRM groups (p>0.05). These results suggest that both high-load, low-repetition and moderate-load, high-repetition resistance training can be prescribed to improve muscular fitness in untrained adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari R Assunção
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Martim Bottaro
- College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Campus de Tudela, Tudela, Navarre, Spain
| | - Eduardo L Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, PA, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Goias, Gôiania, GO, Brazil
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293
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Verschuren O, Peterson MD, Balemans AC, Hurvitz EA. Exercise and physical activity recommendations for people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58:798-808. [PMID: 26853808 PMCID: PMC4942358 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and its promotion, as well as the avoidance of sedentary behaviour, play important roles in health promotion and prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Guidelines for young people and adults with typical development are available from the World Health Organisation and American College of Sports Medicine. However, detailed recommendations for physical activity and sedentary behaviour have not been established for children, adolescents, and adults with cerebral palsy (CP). This paper presents the first CP-specific physical activity and exercise recommendations. The recommendations are based on (1) a comprehensive review and analysis of the literature, (2) expert opinion, and (3) extensive clinical experience. The evidence supporting these recommendations is based on randomized controlled trials and observational studies involving children, adolescents, and adults with CP, and buttressed by the previous guidelines for the general population. These recommendations may be used to guide healthcare providers on exercise and daily physical activity prescription for individuals with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Verschuren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Rembrandtkade 10, 3583TM, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Phone: +3130-2561211
| | - Mark D. Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Astrid C.J. Balemans
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward A. Hurvitz
- Chair, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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294
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Henriksson P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Leppänen MH, Delisle Nyström C, Ortega FB, Pomeroy J, Ruiz JR, Löf M. Associations of Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass with Physical Fitness in 4-Year-Old Children: Results from the MINISTOP Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080473. [PMID: 27483320 PMCID: PMC4997386 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness is a powerful marker of health in youth. Studies in adolescents and adults suggest that higher fat mass is related to worse physical fitness. However, there is limited knowledge whether fat mass and fat-free mass are associated with physical fitness already in preschoolers. Baseline data from the MINISTOP (Mobile-based INtervention Intended to STop Obesity in Preschoolers) trial was utilized for this cross-sectional analysis. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography. Fat mass index [fat mass (kg)/height2 (m)] and fat-free mass index [fat-free mass (kg)/height2 (m)] were used to provide height-adjusted measures of body composition. Physical fitness was measured using the PREFIT (FITness testing in PREschool children) battery, which assesses cardiorespiratory fitness, upper-body and lower-body muscular strength as well as motor fitness. In total, this study included 303 children (168 boys and 135 girls), who were on average 4.48 ± 0.15 years old. Higher fat mass index was associated with worse cardiorespiratory fitness (standardized β = −0.17, p = 0.002), lower-body muscular strength (β = −0.17, p = 0.003) and motor fitness (β = −0.21, p < 0.001) in regression analyses adjusted for age, sex and mutually adjusted for fat-mass index and fat-free mass index. Conversely, higher fat-free mass index was associated with better cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.18, p = 0.002), upper-body muscular strength (β = 0.39, p < 0.001), lower-body muscular strength (β = 0.22, p < 0.001) and motor fitness (β = 0.17, p = 0.004). Thus, fat mass and fat-free mass in preschoolers appear to have joint but opposite associations with physical fitness, an important marker for current and future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Henriksson
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, 581 53 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Marja H Leppänen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | | | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Jeremy Pomeroy
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA.
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University, 581 53 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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295
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Otero J, Cohen DD, Herrera VM, Camacho PA, Bernal O, López-Jaramillo P. Sociodemographic factors related to handgrip strength in children and adolescents in a middle income country: The SALUS study. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27427286 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine sociodemographic factors associated with handgrip (HG) strength in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a middle income country. METHODS We evaluated youth between the ages of 8 and 17 from a representative sample of individuals from the Department of Santander, Colombia. Anthropometric measures, HG strength, and self-reported physical activity were assessed, and parents/guardians completed sociodemographic questionnairres. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics and tertiles of relative HG strength. We also produced centile data for raw HG strength using quantile regression. RESULTS 1,691 young people were evaluated. HG strength increased with age, and was higher in males than females in all age groups. Lower HG strength was associated with indicators of higher socioeconomic status, such as living in an urban area, residence in higher social strata neighborhoods, parent/guardian with secondary education or higher, higher household income, and membership in health insurance schemes. In addition, low HG strength was associated with lower physical activity levels and higher waist-to-hip ratio. In a fully adjusted regression model, all factors remained significant except for health insurance, household income, and physical activity level. CONCLUSIONS While age and gender specific HG strength values were substantially lower than contemporary data from high income countries, we found that within this middle income population indicators of higher socioeconomic status were associated with lower HG strength. This analysis also suggests that in countries undergoing rapid nutrition transition, improvements in socioeconomic conditions may be accompanied by reduction in muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Otero
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Daniel Dylan Cohen
- Universidad de Santander (UDES), Programa de Fisioterapia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Victor Mauricio Herrera
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Oscar Bernal
- Universidad de Los Andes, Escuela de Gobierno, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricio López-Jaramillo
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL), Dirección médica de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica, Floridablanca, Colombia.,Universidad de Santander (UDES), Programa de Fisioterapia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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296
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Kraschnewski JL, Sciamanna CN, Poger JM, Rovniak LS, Lehman EB, Cooper AB, Ballentine NH, Ciccolo JT. Is strength training associated with mortality benefits? A 15year cohort study of US older adults. Prev Med 2016; 87:121-127. [PMID: 26921660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between strength training (ST) behavior and mortality remains understudied in large, national samples, although smaller studies have observed that greater amounts of muscle strength are associated with lower risks of death. We aimed to understand the association between meeting ST guidelines and future mortality in an older US adult population. METHODS Data were analyzed from the 1997-2001 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to death certificate data in the National Death Index. The main independent variable was guideline-concordant ST (i.e. twice each week) and dependent variable was all-cause mortality. Covariates identified in the literature and included in our analysis were demographics, past medical history, and other health behaviors (including other physical activity). Given our aim to understand outcomes in older adults, analyses were limited to adults age 65years and older. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS During the study period, 9.6% of NHIS adults age 65 and older (N=30,162) reported doing guideline-concordant ST and 31.6% died. Older adults who reported guideline-concordant ST had 46% lower odds of all-cause mortality than those who did not (adjusted odds ratio: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.70; p<0.001). The association between ST and death remained after adjustment for past medical history and health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Although a minority of older US adults met ST recommendations, guideline-concordant ST is significantly associated with decreased overall mortality. All-cause mortality may be significantly reduced through the identification of and engagement in guideline-concordant ST interventions by older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kraschnewski
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Christopher N Sciamanna
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jennifer M Poger
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Liza S Rovniak
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Erik B Lehman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Amanda B Cooper
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Noel H Ballentine
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, United States
| | - Joseph T Ciccolo
- Department of Applied Physiology, Columbia University, United States
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297
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Mora-Gonzalez J, Löf M, España-Romero V, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB. Reliability and Validity of Different Models of TKK Hand Dynamometers. Am J Occup Ther 2016; 70:7004300010. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.019117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the reliability and validity of the analog and digital models of TKK handgrip dynamometers using calibrated known weights.
METHOD. A total of 6 dynamometers (3 digital and 3 analog; 2 new and 1 old for each model) were used in this study.
RESULTS. Intrainstrument reliability was very high; systematic error for test–retest reliability was ≤|0.3 kg|. The systematic error among different instruments (same model) and between different models (digital vs. analog) ranged between |0.4 kg| and |0.6 kg|. The systematic error between new and old dynamometers ranged from |0.8 kg| to |1 kg|. All dynamometers provided lower values for the same known weights than a SECA scale, with a systematic error ranging from −0.94 to −2.64 kg.
CONCLUSION. This study indicates that clinicians and investigators who provide treatment to address handgrip strength should use the same instrument and model for repeated measures. Distinguishing meaningful change from dynamometer variability is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - José Mora-Gonzalez
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - Marie Löf
- Marie Löf, PhD, is Senior Researcher, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Vanesa España-Romero, PhD, is Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Jonatan R. Ruiz, PhD, and Francisco B. Ortega, PhD, are Senior Researchers, PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and Senior Researchers, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Jonatan R. Ruiz, PhD, and Francisco B. Ortega, PhD, are Senior Researchers, PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and Senior Researchers, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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298
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Strand BH, Cooper R, Bergland A, Jørgensen L, Schirmer H, Skirbekk V, Emaus N. The association of grip strength from midlife onwards with all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 17 years of follow-up in the Tromsø Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:1214-1221. [PMID: 27229009 PMCID: PMC5136688 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Grip strength has consistently been found to predict all-cause mortality rates. However, few studies have examined cause-specific mortality or tested age differences in these associations. Methods In 1994, grip strength was measured in the population-based Tromsø Study, covering the ages 50–80 years (N=6850). Grip strength was categorised into fifths, and as z-scores. In this cohort study, models with all-cause mortality and deaths from specific causes as the outcome were performed, stratified by sex and age using Cox regression, adjusting for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results During 17 years of follow-up, 2338 participants died. A 1 SD reduction in grip strength was associated with HR=1.17 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.22) for all-cause mortality in a model adjusted for age, gender and body size. This association was similar across all age groups, in men and women, and robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results for deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases and external causes resembled those for all-cause mortality, while for cancer, the association was much weaker and not significant after adjustment for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Conclusions Weaker grip strength was associated with increased all-cause mortality rates, with similar effects on deaths due to CVD, respiratory disease and external causes, while a much weaker association was observed for cancer-related deaths. These associations were similar in both genders and across age groups, which supports the hypothesis that grip strength might be a biomarker of ageing over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Heine Strand
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Therapeutic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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299
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Tomkinson GR, Lang JJ, Tremblay MS, Dale M, LeBlanc AG, Belanger K, Ortega FB, Léger L. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:1545-1554. [PMID: 27208067 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-095987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop sex-specific and age-specific international norms for the 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT) in children and youth (aged 9-17 years), and to estimate the prevalence meeting the FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for healthy cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE). METHODS A systematic review was undertaken to identify papers explicitly reporting descriptive 20mSRT (with 1 min stages) data on children and youth since 1981. Data were included on apparently healthy (free from known disease/injury) 9-17 years old. Following standardisation to a common metric and for protocol differences, pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation, with population-weighted sex-specific and age-specific normative centiles generated using the Lambda Mu and Sigma (LMS) method. Sex-related and age-related differences were expressed as per cent and standardised differences in means. The prevalence with healthy CRE was estimated using the sex-specific and age-specific FITNESSGRAM criterion-referenced standards for [Formula: see text]. RESULTS Norms were displayed as tabulated centiles and as smoothed centile curves for the 20mSRT using 4 common metrics (speed at the last completed stage, completed stages/minutes, laps and relative [Formula: see text]). The final data set included 1 142 026 children and youth from 50 countries, extracted from 177 studies. Boys consistently outperformed girls at each age group (mean difference±95% CI: 0.86±0.28 km/h or 0.79±0.20 standardised units), with the magnitude of age-related increase larger for boys than for girls. A higher proportion of boys (mean±95% CI: 67±14%) had healthy CRE than girls (mean±95% CI: 54±17%), with the prevalence of healthy CRE decreasing systematically with age. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date set of international sex-specific and age-specific 20mSRT norms for children and youth, which have utility for health and fitness screening, profiling, monitoring and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences & Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Dale
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Kevin Belanger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luc Léger
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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300
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Ramírez-Vélez R, Morales O, Peña-Ibagon JC, Palacios-López A, Prieto-Benavides DH, Vivas A, Correa-Bautista JE, Lobelo F, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M. Normative Reference Values for Handgrip Strength in Colombian Schoolchildren: The FUPRECOL Study. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 31:217-226. [PMID: 27135472 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ramírez-Vélez, R, Morales, O, Peña-Ibagon, JC, Palacios-López, A, Prieto-Benavides, DH, Vivas, A, Correa-Bautista, JE, Lobelo, F, Alonso-Martínez, AM, and Izquierdo, M. Normative reference values for handgrip strength in Colombian schoolchildren: the FUPRECOL study. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 217-226, 2017-The primary aim of this study was to generate normative handgrip (HG) strength data for 10 to 17.9 year olds. The secondary aim was to determine the relative proportion of Colombian children and adolescents that fall into established Health Benefit Zones (HBZ). This cross-sectional study enrolled 7,268 schoolchildren (boys n = 3,129 and girls n = 4,139, age 12.7 [2.4] years). Handgrip was measured using a hand dynamometer with an adjustable grip. Five HBZs (Needs Improvement, Fair, Good, Very Good, and Excellent) have been established that correspond to combined HG. Centile smoothed curves, percentile, and tables for the third, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentile were calculated using Cole's LMS method. Handgrip peaked in the sample at 22.2 (8.9) kg in boys and 18.5 (5.5) kg in girls. The increase in HG was greater for boys than for girls, but the peak HG was lower in girls than in boys. The HBZ data indicated that a higher overall percentage of boys than girls at each age group fell into the "Needs Improvement" zone, with differences particularly pronounced during adolescence. Our results provide, for the first time, sex- and age-specific HG reference standards for Colombian schoolchildren aged 9-17.9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- 1Center of Studies in Physical Activity Measurements, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and 3Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarra, Spain
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