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Ranhotra HS. The orphan estrogen-related receptor alpha and metabolic regulation: new frontiers. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 35:565-8. [PMID: 26037200 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1024853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis during long-term adaptation in animals is primarily achieved by controlling the expression of metabolic genes by a plethora of cellular transcription factors. The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily in eukaryotes is an assembly of diverse receptors working as transcriptional regulators of multiple genes. The orphan estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is one such receptor of the NR superfamily with significant influence on numerous metabolic and other genes. Although it is presently unknown as to which endogenous hormones or ligands activate ERRα, nevertheless it regulates a host of genes whose products participate in various metabolic pathways. Studies over the years show new and interesting data that add to the growing knowledge on ERRα and metabolic regulation. For instance, novel findings indicate existence of mTOR/ERRα regulatory axis and also that ERRα control PGC-1α expression which potentially have significant impact on cellular metabolism. Data show that ERRα exerts its metabolic control by regulating the expression of SIRT5 that influences oxygen consumption and ATP generation. Moreover, ERRα has a role in creatine and lactate uptake in skeletal muscle which is important towards energy generation and contraction. This review is focused on the new insights gained into ERRα regulation of metabolism, networks and pathways that have important consequences in maintaining metabolic homeostasis including development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- a Orphan Nuclear Receptors Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry , St. Edmund's College , Shillong, Meghalaya , India
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252
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Menale C, Piccolo MT, Cirillo G, Calogero RA, Papparella A, Mita L, Del Giudice EM, Diano N, Crispi S, Mita DG. Bisphenol A effects on gene expression in adipocytes from children: association with metabolic disorders. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:289-303. [PMID: 25878060 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenobiotic endocrine-disrupting chemical. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that BPA alters endocrine-metabolic pathways in adipose tissue, which increases the risk of metabolic disorders and obesity. BPA can affect adipose tissue and increase fat cell numbers or sizes by regulating the expression of the genes that are directly involved in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Several studies performed in animal models have accounted for an obesogen role of BPA, but its effects on human adipocytes - especially in children - have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms by which environmentally relevant doses of BPA can interfere with the canonical endocrine function that regulates metabolism in mature human adipocytes from prepubertal, non-obese children. BPA can act as an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the physiological context. To identify the molecular signatures associated with metabolism, transcriptional modifications of mature adipocytes from prepubertal children exposed to estrogen were evaluated by means of microarray analysis. The analysis of deregulated genes associated with metabolic disorders allowed us to identify a small group of genes that are expressed in an opposite manner from that of adipocytes treated with BPA. In particular, we found that BPA increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of FABP4 and CD36, two genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, BPA decreases the expression of PCSK1, a gene involved in insulin production. These results indicate that exposure to BPA may be an important risk factor for developing metabolic disorders that are involved in childhood metabolism dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Menale
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Piccolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Papparella
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mita
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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253
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Madhavan S, Gusev Y, Singh S, Riggins RB. ERRγ target genes are poor prognostic factors in Tamoxifen-treated breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:45. [PMID: 25971350 PMCID: PMC4436109 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-third of estrogen (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PGR+) breast tumors treated with Tamoxifen (TAM) do not respond to initial treatment, and the remaining 70% are at risk to relapse in the future. Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG, ERRγ) is an orphan nuclear receptor with broad, structural similarities to classical ER that is widely implicated in the transcriptional regulation of energy homeostasis. We have previously demonstrated that ERRγ induces resistance to TAM in ER+ breast cancer models, and that the receptor's transcriptional activity is modified by activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway. We hypothesize that hyper-activation or over-expression of ERRγ induces a pro-survival transcriptional program that impairs the ability of TAM to inhibit the growth of ER+ breast cancer. The goal of the present study is to determine whether ERRγ target genes are associated with reduced distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in ER+ breast cancer treated with TAM. METHODS Raw gene expression data was obtained from 3 publicly available breast cancer clinical studies of women with ER+ breast cancer who received TAM as their sole endocrine therapy. ERRγ target genes were selected from 2 studies that published validated chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of ERRγ promoter occupancy. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to determine the association of ERRγ target genes with DMFS, and selected genes were validated in ER+, MCF7 breast cancer cells that express exogenous ERRγ. RESULTS Thirty-seven validated receptor target genes were statistically significantly altered in women who experienced a DM within 5 years, and could classify several independent studies into poor vs. good DMFS. Two genes (EEF1A2 and PPIF) could similarly separate ER+, TAM-treated breast tumors by DMFS, and their protein levels were measured in an ER+ breast cancer cell line model with exogenous ERRγ. Finally, expression of ERRγ and these two target genes are elevated in models of ER+ breast cancer with hyperactivation of ERK/MAPK. CONCLUSIONS ERRγ signaling is associated with poor DMFS in ER+, TAM-treated breast cancer, and ESRRG, EEF1A2, and PPIF comprise a 3-gene signaling node that may contribute to TAM resistance in the context of an active ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Madhavan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Salendra Singh
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Rebecca B Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
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254
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Retinal hypoxia induces vascular endothelial growth factor through induction of estrogen-related receptor γ. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:457-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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255
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Ren Z, Yang H, Wang C, Ma X. The effects of PGC-1α on the proliferation and energy metabolism of malignant endometrial cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:769-74. [PMID: 25914546 PMCID: PMC4399546 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s79960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) plays an important role in tissue energy metabolism. However, the roles of PGC-1α in malignant endometrial cancer remain unknown. Methods Forty cases of endometrial carcinoma, 15 cases with proliferative endometrial tissues, and 21 cases with normal endometrial tissues were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of PGC-1α and estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ). ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to detect the concentrations of pyruvate kinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. The results were analyzed using medical statistical methods. Results The mRNA levels of PGC-1α and ERRγ in the endometrial carcinoma tissues and hyperplasic endometrial tissues were significantly greater than those in the normal endometria. The mRNA levels of PGC-1α and ERRγ in the endometrial carcinoma patients with type 2 diabetes were higher than those in patients without diabetes. The mRNA levels of PGC-1α and ERRγ in the endometrial adenocarcinomas increased with clinical staging, depth of myometrial invasion, and increases in the number of metastatic lymph nodes. The PGC-1α mRNA level was positively correlated with ERRγ in the endometrial carcinoma tissues. The mRNA levels of PGC-1α were positively correlated with the concentrations of pyruvate kinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in the endometrial carcinoma tissues, and similar results were found for ERRγ. Conclusion Our results suggested that the upregulation of PGC-1α and ERRγ in endometrial cancer might be a requirement for cancer cell energy metabolism, which contributes to the development of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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256
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Wang T, McDonald C, Petrenko NB, Leblanc M, Wang T, Giguere V, Evans RM, Patel VV, Pei L. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and ERRγ are essential coordinators of cardiac metabolism and function. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1281-98. [PMID: 25624346 PMCID: PMC4355525 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01156-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all cellular functions are powered by a continuous energy supply derived from cellular metabolism. However, it is little understood how cellular energy production is coordinated with diverse energy-consuming cellular functions. Here, using the cardiac muscle system, we demonstrate that nuclear receptors estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and ERRγ are essential transcriptional coordinators of cardiac energy production and consumption. On the one hand, ERRα and ERRγ together are vital for intact cardiomyocyte metabolism by directly controlling expression of genes important for mitochondrial functions and dynamics. On the other hand, ERRα and ERRγ influence major cardiomyocyte energy consumption functions through direct transcriptional regulation of key contraction, calcium homeostasis, and conduction genes. Mice lacking both ERRα and cardiac ERRγ develop severe bradycardia, lethal cardiomyopathy, and heart failure featuring metabolic, contractile, and conduction dysfunctions. These results illustrate that the ERR transcriptional pathway is essential to couple cellular energy metabolism with energy consumption processes in order to maintain normal cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caitlin McDonald
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nataliya B Petrenko
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mathias Leblanc
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincent Giguere
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vickas V Patel
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute and Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liming Pei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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257
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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258
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Cunningham KF, Beeson GC, Beeson CC, Baicu CF, Zile MR, McDermott PJ. Estrogen-Related Receptor α (ERRα) is required for adaptive increases in PGC-1 isoform expression during electrically stimulated contraction of adult cardiomyocytes in sustained hypoxic conditions. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:393-400. [PMID: 25841134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In adult myocardium, Estrogen-Related Receptor α (ERRα) programs energetic capacity of cardiomyocytes by regulating expression of target genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. Transcriptional activation by ERRα is dependent on the α or β isoform of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator-1 (PGC-1). This study utilized a model of continuously contracting adult cardiomyocytes to determine the effects of sustained oxygen reduction (hypoxia) on ERRα target gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult feline cardiomyocytes in primary culture were electrically stimulated to contract at 1 Hz in either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (0.5% O2). Compared to normoxia, hypoxia increased PGC-1α mRNA and PGC-1β mRNA levels by 16-fold and 14-fold after 24h. ERRα mRNA levels were increased 3-fold by hypoxia over the same time period. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with XCT-790, an ERRα inverse agonist, caused knockdown of ERRα protein expression. The increases in PGC-1 mRNA levels in response to hypoxia were blocked by XCT-790 treatment, which indicates that expression of PGC-1 isoforms is dependent on ERRα activity. The products of two ERRα target genes required for energy metabolism, Cox6c mRNA and Fabp3 mRNA, increased by 4.5-fold and 3.5 fold after 24h of hypoxia as compared to normoxic controls. These increases were blocked by XCT-790 treatment of hypoxic cardiomyocytes with a concomitant decrease in ERRα expression. CONCLUSIONS ERRα activity is required to increase expression of PGC-1 isoforms and downstream target genes as part of the adaptive response of contracting adult cardiomyocytes to sustained hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn F Cunningham
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gyda C Beeson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael R Zile
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Paul J McDermott
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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259
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Tanida T, Matsuda KI, Yamada S, Hashimoto T, Kawata M. Estrogen-related Receptor β Reduces the Subnuclear Mobility of Estrogen Receptor α and Suppresses Estrogen-dependent Cellular Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12332-45. [PMID: 25805499 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.619098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that has strong homology with estrogen receptor (ER) α. ERR has three subtypes (α, β, and γ) expressed in estrogen-sensitive organs, including ovary, breast, and brain. No endogenous ligands of ERRs have been identified, but these receptors share a common DNA element with ERα and control estrogen-mediated gene transcription. Recent evidence suggests a role of ERRs in estrogen-related pathophysiology, but the detailed mechanisms of ERR functions in estrogen-related tissues are unclear. Using live-cell imaging with fluorescent protein labeling, we found that only ERRβ among the ERRs exhibits a punctate intranuclear pattern overlapping with ERα following 17β-estradiol (E2)-stimulation. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed significant reduction of the mobility of ligand-activated ERα with co-expression of ERRβ. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer revealed that ERRβ directly interacts with ERα. The N-terminal domain of ERRβ was identified as the region that interacts with ERα. We also found a correlation between punctate cluster formation of ERα and interaction between the receptors. Expression of ERRβ significantly repressed ERα-mediated transactivity, whereas that of other ERR subtypes had no effect on the transactivity of ERα. Consistent with this finding, E2-stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and bcl-2 expression was significantly inhibited by expression of ERRβ. These results provide strong evidence for a suppressive effect of ERRβ on estrogen signaling through reduction of the intranuclear mobility of ERα. The findings further suggest a unique inhibitory role for ERRβ in estrogen-dependent cellular function such as cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tanida
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ken Ichi Matsuda
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shunji Yamada
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawata
- From the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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260
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Sun W, Valero MC, Seong KM, Steele LD, Huang IT, Lee CH, Clark JM, Qiu X, Pittendrigh BR. A glycine insertion in the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) is associated with enhanced expression of three cytochrome P450 genes in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118779. [PMID: 25761142 PMCID: PMC4356566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide-resistant Drosophila melanogaster strains represent a resource for the discovery of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cytochrome P450 constitutive over-expression, even if some of these P450s are not directly involved in the resistance phenotype. For example, in select 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) resistant strains the glucocorticoid receptor-like (GR-like) potential transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs) have previously been shown to be associated with constitutively differentially-expressed cytochrome P450s, Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. However, insects are not known to have glucocorticoids. The only ortholog to the mammalian glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in D. melanogaster is an estrogen-related receptor (ERR) gene, which has two predicted alternative splice isoforms (ERRa and ERRb). Sequencing of ERRa and ERRb in select DDT susceptible and resistant D. melanogaster strains has revealed a glycine (G) codon insertion which was only observed in the ligand binding domain of ERR from the resistant strains tested (ERR-G). Transgenic flies, expressing the ERRa-G allele, constitutively over-expressed Cyp12d1, Cyp6g2 and Cyp9c1. Only Cyp12d1 and Cyp6g2 were over-expressed in the ERRb-G transgenic flies. Phylogenetic studies show that the G-insertion appeared to be located in a less conserved domain in ERR and this insertion is found in multiple species across the Sophophora subgenera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Sun
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - M. Carmen Valero
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Keon Mook Seong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Laura D. Steele
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
| | - I-Ting Huang
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
| | - Chien-Hui Lee
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, R. O. C.
| | - John M. Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States of America
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Barry R. Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illionois, 61801, United States of America
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261
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Abstract
Skeletal and cardiac muscles play key roles in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis and display remarkable plasticity in their metabolic responses to caloric availability and physical activity. In this Perspective we discuss recent studies highlighting transcriptional mechanisms that govern systemic metabolism by striated muscles. We focus on the participation of the Mediator complex in this process, and suggest that tissue-specific regulation of Mediator subunits impacts metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedryn K Baskin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Benjamin R Winders
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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262
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Joo J, Wu Z, Lee B, Shon JC, Lee T, Lee IK, Sim T, Kim KH, Kim ND, Kim SH, Liu KH. In vitro metabolism of an estrogen-related receptor γ modulator, GSK5182, by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450s. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2015; 36:163-73. [PMID: 25451157 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
GSK5182 (4-[(Z)-1-[4-(2-dimethylaminoethyloxy)phenyl]-hydroxy-2-phenylpent-1-enyl]phenol) is a specific inverse agonist for estrogen-related receptor γ, a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family that has important functions in development and homeostasis. This study was performed to elucidate the metabolites of GSK5182 and to characterize the enzymes involved in its metabolism. Incubation of human liver microsomes with GSK5182 in the presence of NADPH resulted in the formation of three metabolites, M1, M2 and M3. M1 and M3 were identified as N-desmethyl-GSK5182 and GSK5182 N-oxide, respectively, on the basis of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. M2 was suggested to be hydroxy-GSK5182 through interpretation of its MS/MS fragmentation pattern. In addition, the specific cytochrome P450 (P450) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) isoforms responsible for GSK5182 oxidation to the three metabolites were identified using a combination of correlation analysis, chemical inhibition in human liver microsomes and metabolism by expressed recombinant P450 and FMO isoforms. GSK5182 N-demethylation and hydroxylation is mainly mediated by CYP3A4, whereas FMO1 and FMO3 contribute to the formation of GSK5182 N-oxide from GSK5182. The present data will be useful for understanding the pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of GSK5182 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Joo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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263
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Mitochondrial quality control: Easy come, easy go. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2802-11. [PMID: 25596427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
"Friends come and go but enemies accumulate." - Arthur Bloch Mitochondrial networks in eukaryotic cells are maintained via regular cycles of degradation and biogenesis. These complex processes function in concert with one another to eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria in a specific and targeted manner and coordinate the biogenesis of new organelles. This review covers the two aspects of mitochondrial turnover, focusing on the main pathways and mechanisms involved. The review also summarizes the current methods and techniques for analyzing mitochondrial turnover in vivo and in vitro, from the whole animal proteome level to the level of single organelle.
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264
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
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265
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Misawa A, Inoue S. Estrogen-Related Receptors in Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 26074877 PMCID: PMC4443769 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-signaling pathways are implicated in the development of breast cancer and prostate cancer. Various studies have focused on additional signaling pathways, mediated by estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). ERRs are constitutively active receptors that share a high degree of homology with the classical estrogen receptors (ERs). However, they do not bind to estrogen, while ERs do. ERRs are involved in the development of alternative pathways that lead to the development of cancer and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancer and prostate cancer that do not respond to conventional therapies. In this review, we first present general structural features of ERRs. Then, we focus on breast cancer and prostate cancer, which are primarily hormone-dependent cancers, and summarizes recent progress in elucidating the involvement of each ERR in these two types of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Misawa
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoshi Inoue, Department of Anti-Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan,
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266
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Audet-walsh É, Giguére V. The multiple universes of estrogen-related receptor α and γ in metabolic control and related diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:51-61. [PMID: 25500872 PMCID: PMC4571319 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) as the first orphan nuclear receptors ignited a new era in molecular endocrinology, which led to the discovery of new ligand-dependent response systems. Although ERR subfamily members have yet to be associated with a natural ligand, the characterization of these orphan receptors has demonstrated that they occupy a strategic node in the transcriptional control of cellular energy metabolism. In particular, ERRs are required for the response to various environmental challenges that require high energy levels by the organism. As central regulators of energy homeostasis, ERRs may also be implicated in the etiology of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Here, we review the recent evidence that further highlights the role of ERRs in metabolic control, particularly in liver and skeletal muscle, and their likely involvement in metabolic diseases. Consequently, we also explore the promises and pitfalls of ERRs as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Audet-walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguére
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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267
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Jin Z, Li X, Wan Y. Minireview: nuclear receptor regulation of osteoclast and bone remodeling. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 29:172-86. [PMID: 25549044 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells essential for skeletal remodeling and regeneration. However, excessive osteoclasts often contribute to prevalent bone degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancer bone metastasis. Osteoclast dysregulation is also associated with rare disorders such as osteopetrosis, pycnodysostosis, Paget's disease, and Gorham-Stout syndrome. The nuclear receptor (NR) family of transcription factors functions as metabolic sensors that control a variety of physiological processes including skeletal homeostasis and serves as attractive therapeutic targets for many diseases. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the new players and the new mechanisms for how NRs regulate osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. An enhanced understanding of NR functions in osteoclastogenesis will facilitate the development of not only novel osteoprotective medicine but also prudent strategies to minimize the adverse skeletal effects of certain NR-targeting drugs for a better treatment of cancer and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixue Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
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268
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Maternal high-fat diet consumption impairs exercise performance in offspring. J Nutr Sci 2014; 3:e61. [PMID: 26101629 PMCID: PMC4473145 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to scrutinise the influence of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption during gestation and lactation on exercise performance and energy metabolism in male mouse offspring. Female C3H/HeJ mice were fed either a semi-synthetic high-fat diet (HFD; 40 % energy from fat) or a low-fat diet (LFD; 10 % energy from fat) throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, male offspring of both groups received the LFD. At the age of 7·5 weeks half of the maternal LFD (n 20) and the mHFD (n 21) groups were given access to a running wheel for 28 d as a voluntary exercise training opportunity. We show that mHFD consumption led to a significantly reduced exercise performance (P < 0·05) and training efficiency (P < 0·05) in male offspring. There were no effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight. Lipid and glucose metabolism was disturbed in mHFD offspring, with altered regulation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) (P < 0·001), fatty acid synthase (P < 0·05) and GLUT1 (P < 0·05) gene expression in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, maternal consumption of a HFD is linked to decreased exercise performance and training efficiency in the offspring. We speculate that this may be due to insufficient muscle energy supply during prolonged exercise training. Further, this compromised exercise performance might increase the risk of obesity development in adult life.
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Key Words
- CD36, cluster of differentiation 36
- Cpt1b, carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1b
- Esrrg, oestrogen-related receptor-γ
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- HFD, high-fat diet
- High-fat diet
- LFD, low-fat diet
- Offspring
- REE, resting energy expenditure
- RQ, respiratory quotient
- RW, running wheel
- Serca2, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase 2
- Skeletal muscle
- Training
- eWAT, epididymal white adipose tissue
- mHFD, maternal high-fat diet
- mLFD, maternal low-fat diet
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269
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Tarrant AM, Baumgartner MF, Hansen BH, Altin D, Nordtug T, Olsen AJ. Transcriptional profiling of reproductive development, lipid storage and molting throughout the last juvenile stage of the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Front Zool 2014; 11:91. [PMID: 25568661 PMCID: PMC4285635 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calanus finmarchicus, a highly abundant copepod that is an important primary consumer in North Atlantic ecosystems, has a flexible life history in which copepods in the last juvenile developmental stage (fifth copepodid, C5) may either delay maturation and enter diapause or molt directly into adults. The factors that regulate this developmental plasticity are poorly understood, and few tools have been developed to assess the physiological condition of individual copepods. RESULTS We sampled a cultured population of C. finmarchicus copepods daily throughout the C5 stage and assessed molt stage progression, gonad development and lipid storage. We used high-throughput sequencing to identify genes that were differentially expressed during progression through the molt stage and then used qPCR to profile daily expression of individual genes. Based on expression profiles of twelve genes, samples were statistically clustered into three groups: (1) an early period occurring prior to separation of the cuticle from the epidermis (apolysis) when expression of genes associated with lipid synthesis and transport (FABP and ELOV) and two nuclear receptors (ERR and HR78) was highest, (2) a middle period of rapid change in both gene expression and physiological condition, including local minima and maxima in several nuclear receptors (FTZ-F1, HR38b, and EcR), and (3) a late period when gonads were differentiated and expression of genes associated with molting (Torso-like, HR38a) peaked. The ratio of Torso-like to HR38b strongly differentiated the early and late groups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first dynamic profiles of gene expression anchored with morphological markers of lipid accumulation, development and gonad maturation throughout a copepod molt cycle. Transcriptomic profiling revealed significant changes over the molt cycle in genes with presumed roles in lipid synthesis, molt regulation and gonad development, suggestive of a coupling of these processes in Calanus finmarchicus. Finally, we identified gene expression profiles that strongly differentiate between early and late development within the C5 copepodid stage. We anticipate that these findings and continued development of robust gene expression biomarkers that distinguish between diapause preparation and continuous development will ultimately enable novel studies of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern diapause initiation in Calanus finmarchicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 45 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Mark F Baumgartner
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 45 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
| | - Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders J Olsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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270
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Estrogen-related receptor α is required for efficient human cytomegalovirus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E5706-15. [PMID: 25512541 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1422361112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An shRNA-mediated screen of the 48 human nuclear receptor genes identified multiple candidates likely to influence the production of human cytomegalovirus in cultured human fibroblasts, including the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), an orphan nuclear receptor. The 50-kDa receptor and a 76-kDa variant were induced posttranscriptionally following infection. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of the receptor reduced viral RNA, protein, and DNA accumulation, as well as the yield of infectious progeny. In addition, RNAs encoding multiple metabolic enzymes, including enzymes sponsoring glycolysis (enolase 1, triosephosphate isomerase 1, and hexokinase 2), were reduced when the function of ERRα was inhibited in infected cells. Consistent with the effect on RNAs, a substantial number of metabolites, which are normally induced by infection, were either not increased or were increased to a reduced extent in the absence of normal ERRα activity. We conclude that ERRα is needed for the efficient production of cytomegalovirus progeny, and we propose that the nuclear receptor contributes importantly to the induction of a metabolic environment that supports optimal cytomegalovirus replication.
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271
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Perry MC, Dufour CR, Tam IS, B'chir W, Giguère V. Estrogen-related receptor-α coordinates transcriptional programs essential for exercise tolerance and muscle fitness. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:2060-71. [PMID: 25361393 PMCID: PMC5414781 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle fitness is an important determinant of health and disease. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the coordinate regulation of the metabolic and structural determinants of muscle endurance are still poorly characterized. Herein, we demonstrate that estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα, NR3B1) is essential for skeletal muscle fitness. Notably, we show that ERRα-null animals are hypoactive and that genetic or therapeutic disruption of ERRα in mice results in reduced exercise tolerance. Mice lacking ERRα also exhibited lactatemia at exhaustion. Gene expression profiling demonstrates that ERRα plays a key role in various metabolic processes important for muscle function including energy substrate transport and use (Ldhd, Slc16a1, Hk2, and Glul), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Cycs, and Idh3g), and oxidative metabolism (Pdha1, and Uqcrq). Metabolomics studies revealed impairment in replenishment of several amino acids (eg, glutamine) during recovery to exercise. Moreover, loss of ERRα was found to alter the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response (Hmox1), maintenance of muscle fiber integrity (Trim63, and Hspa1b), and muscle plasticity and neovascularization (Vegfa). Taken together, our study shows that ERRα plays a key role in directing transcriptional programs required for optimal mitochondrial oxidative potential and muscle fitness, suggesting that modulation of ERRα activity could be used to manage metabolic myopathies and/or promote the adaptive response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Perry
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre (M.-C.P., C.R.D., I.S.T., W.B., V.G.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1A3, Canada; and Departments of Biochemistry (M.-C.P., V.G.), Medicine (I.S.T., V.G.), and Oncology (V.G.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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272
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Poidatz D, Dos Santos E, Gronier H, Vialard F, Maury B, De Mazancourt P, Dieudonné MN. Trophoblast syncytialisation necessitates mitochondrial function through estrogen-related receptor-γ activation. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 21:206-16. [PMID: 25376642 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pregnancy needs a correct placentation which depends on adequate cytotrophoblast proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In this study, using specific mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors, we observed a decrease of hormone production (hCG and leptin) and cell fusion of human primary villous cytotrophoblasts (CT). These results demonstrated that mitochondria are involved in the control of CT differentiation process. Moreover, we also observed a decrease of mitochondrial mass associated with an increase of mitochondrial DNA during CT differentiation. Furthermore, lactate production increased during CT differentiation suggesting that anaerobic metabolism was enhanced in differentiated CTs, and that the role of mitochondria in CT fusion is not only related to its energetic function. Otherwise, the orphan nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is known to orchestrate transcriptional control of energy metabolism genes. In this study, using RNA knockdown and transcriptional activation with DY131 (an ERRγ agonist), we clearly demonstrated that ERRγ promotes hormone production and cell fusion indicating that ERRγ is a key positive transcriptional factor involved in CT differentiation. Finally, we showed that ERRγ promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function during CT differentiation, and that the role of ERRγ during trophoblast differentiation is mainly mediated by the control of mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Poidatz
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Esther Dos Santos
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France Service de biologie médicale, CHI de Poissy-st-Germain, 78300 Poissy, France
| | - Héloïse Gronier
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - François Vialard
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Cytogénétique, Gynécologie et Obstétrique, CHI de Poissy-st-Germain, 78300 Poissy, France
| | - Benoit Maury
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Philippe De Mazancourt
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France Service de biochimie et génétique moléculaire, Hôpital A. Paré, 92100 Boulogne, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Dieudonné
- UPRES-EA 2493, Université de Versailles-St Quentin, UFR des sciences de la santé, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
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273
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Nkuipou-Kenfack E, Koeck T, Mischak H, Pich A, Schanstra JP, Zürbig P, Schumacher B. Proteome analysis in the assessment of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 18:74-85. [PMID: 25257180 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Based on demographic trends, the societies in many developed countries are facing an increasing number and proportion of people over the age of 65. The raise in elderly populations along with improved health-care will be concomitant with an increased prevalence of ageing-associated chronic conditions like cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory diseases, arthritis, dementia, and diabetes mellitus. This is expected to pose unprecedented challenges both for individuals and societies and their health care systems. An ultimate goal of ageing research is therefore the understanding of physiological ageing and the achievement of 'healthy' ageing by decreasing age-related pathologies. However, on a molecular level, ageing is a complex multi-mechanistic process whose contributing factors may vary individually, partly overlap with pathological alterations, and are often poorly understood. Proteome analysis potentially allows modelling of these multifactorial processes. This review summarises recent proteomic research on age-related changes identified in animal models and human studies. We combined this information with pathway analysis to identify molecular mechanisms associated with ageing. We identified some molecular pathways that are affected in most or even all organs and others that are organ-specific. However, appropriately powered studies are needed to confirm these findings based in in silico evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nkuipou-Kenfack
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Core Facility Proteomics, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | | | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany; BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Pich
- Hannover Medical School, Core Facility Proteomics, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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274
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Noordmans GA, Huang Y, Savage H, van Dijk MCRF, Schaart G, van den Bergh Weerman MA, Heeringa P, Hillebrands JL, Korstanje R, van Goor H. Genetic analysis of intracapillary glomerular lipoprotein deposits in aging mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111308. [PMID: 25353171 PMCID: PMC4213026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal aging is characterized by functional and structural changes like decreased glomerular filtration rate, and glomerular, tubular and interstitial damage. To gain insight in pathways involved in renal aging, we studied aged mouse strains and used genetic analysis to identify genes associated with aging phenotypes. METHODS Upon morphological screening in kidneys from 20-month-old mice from 26 inbred strains we noted intracapillary PAS-positive deposits. The severity of these deposits was quantified by scoring of a total of 50 glomeruli per section (grade 0-4). Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining for apoE, apoB, apoA-IV and perilipin-2 was performed to further characterize the lesions. To identify loci associated with these PAS-positive intracapillary glomerular deposits, we performed haplotype association mapping. RESULTS Six out of 26 mouse strains showed glomerular PAS-positive deposits. The severity of these deposits varied: NOD(0.97), NZW(0.41), NON(0.30), B10(0.21), C3 H(0.9) and C57BR(0.7). The intracapillary deposits were strongly positive for apoE and weakly positive for apoB and apoA-IV. Haplotype association mapping showed a strong association with a 30-Kb haplotype block on Chr 1 within the Esrrg gene. We investigated 1 Mb on each site of this region, which includes the genes Spata17, Gpatch2, Esrrg, Ush2a and Kctd3. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing 26 aged mouse strains we found that some strains developed an intracapillary PAS and apoE-positive lesion and identified a small haplotype block on Chr 1 within the Esrrg gene to be associated with these lipoprotein deposits. The region spanning this haplotype block contains the genes Spata17, Gpatch2, Esrrg, Ush2a and Kctd3, which are all highly expressed in the kidney. Esrrg might be involved in the evolvement of these glomerular deposits by influencing lipid metabolism and possibly immune reponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda A. Noordmans
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Holly Savage
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Marcory C. R. F. van Dijk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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275
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Estrogen signaling in metabolic inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:615917. [PMID: 25400333 PMCID: PMC4226184 DOI: 10.1155/2014/615917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence supporting the interference of inflammatory activation with metabolism. Obesity, mainly visceral obesity, is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state, triggered by metabolic surplus where specialized metabolic cells such as adipocytes activate cellular stress initiating and sustaining the inflammatory program. The increasing prevalence of obesity, resulting in increased cardiometabolic risk and precipitating illness such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, cirrhosis, and certain types of cancer, constitutes a good example of this association. The metabolic actions of estrogens have been studied extensively and there is also accumulating evidence that estrogens influence immune processes. However, the connection between these two fields of estrogen actions has been underacknowledged since little attention has been drawn towards the possible action of estrogens on the modulation of metabolism through their anti-inflammatory properties. In the present paper, we summarize knowledge on the modification inflammatory processes by estrogens with impact on metabolism and highlight major research questions on the field. Understanding the regulation of metabolic inflammation by estrogens may provide the basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to the management of metabolic dysfunctions.
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276
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Sailland J, Tribollet V, Forcet C, Billon C, Barenton B, Carnesecchi J, Bachmann A, Gauthier KC, Yu S, Giguère V, Chan FL, Vanacker JM. Estrogen-related receptor α decreases RHOA stability to induce orientated cell migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15108-13. [PMID: 25288732 PMCID: PMC4210291 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402094111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several physiopathological processes require orientated cellular migration. This phenomenon highly depends on members of the RHO family of GTPases. Both excessive and deficient RHO activity impair directional migration. A tight control is thus exerted on these proteins through the regulation of their activation and of their stability. Here we show that the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) directly activates the expression of TNFAIP1, the product of which [BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for Cullin3-mediated RhoA degradation 2 (BACURD2)] regulates RHOA protein turnover. Inactivation of the receptor leads to enhanced RHOA stability and activation. This results in cell disorientation, increased actin network, and inability to form a lamellipodium at the migration edge. As a consequence, directional migration, but not cell motility per se, is impaired in the absence of the receptor, under pathological as well as physiological conditions. Altogether, our results show that the control exerted by ERRα on RHOA stability is required for directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Sailland
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Violaine Tribollet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cyrielle Billon
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Barenton
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Alice Bachmann
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Karine Cécile Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Shan Yu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada H3A 1A3
| | - Franky L Chan
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; and
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
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277
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Andres AM, Stotland A, Queliconi BB, Gottlieb RA. A time to reap, a time to sow: mitophagy and biogenesis in cardiac pathophysiology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 78:62-72. [PMID: 25444712 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Balancing mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is essential for maintaining a healthy population of mitochondria and cellular homeostasis. Coordinated interplay between these two forces that govern mitochondrial turnover plays an important role as an adaptive response against various cellular stresses that can compromise cell survival. Failure to maintain the critical balance between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis or homeostatic turnover of mitochondria results in a population of dysfunctional mitochondria that contribute to various disease processes. In this review we outline the mechanics and relationships between mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, and discuss the implications of a disrupted balance between these two forces, with an emphasis on cardiac physiology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Mitochondria: From Basic Mitochondrial Biology to Cardiovascular Disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen M Andres
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center
| | | | - Bruno B Queliconi
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute and Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center
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278
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Kong X, Banks A, Liu T, Kazak L, Rao RR, Cohen P, Wang X, Yu S, Lo JC, Tseng YH, Cypess AM, Xue R, Kleiner S, Kang S, Spiegelman BM, Rosen ED. IRF4 is a key thermogenic transcriptional partner of PGC-1α. Cell 2014; 158:69-83. [PMID: 24995979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brown fat can reduce obesity through the dissipation of calories as heat. Control of thermogenic gene expression occurs via the induction of various coactivators, most notably PGC-1α. In contrast, the transcription factor partner(s) of these cofactors are poorly described. Here, we identify interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) as a dominant transcriptional effector of thermogenesis. IRF4 is induced by cold and cAMP in adipocytes and is sufficient to promote increased thermogenic gene expression, energy expenditure, and cold tolerance. Conversely, knockout of IRF4 in UCP1(+) cells causes reduced thermogenic gene expression and energy expenditure, obesity, and cold intolerance. IRF4 also induces the expression of PGC-1α and PRDM16 and interacts with PGC-1α, driving Ucp1 expression. Finally, cold, β-agonists, or forced expression of PGC-1α are unable to cause thermogenic gene expression in the absence of IRF4. These studies establish IRF4 as a transcriptional driver of a program of thermogenic gene expression and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Banks
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rajesh R Rao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - James C Lo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ruidan Xue
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sandra Kleiner
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sona Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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279
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Ranhotra HS. Estrogen-related receptor alpha and mitochondria: tale of the titans. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:386-90. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.959592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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280
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Ranhotra HS. The NR4A orphan nuclear receptors: mediators in metabolism and diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:184-8. [PMID: 25089663 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.948555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The NR4A subfamily is orphan nuclear receptors that belong to the larger nuclear receptors (NRs) superfamily of eukaryotic transcription factors. The NR4A subfamily includes three members, namely Nur77 (NR4A1), Nurr1 (NR4A2) and Nor1 (NR4A3) which are gene regulators and participate in diverse biological functions. Though the ligands for these receptors are presently unidentified, they are thought to be constitutively active. NR4A acts as molecular switches in gene regulation and their action is increasingly seen to be modulated by complex network of cellular signaling pathways. Members of the NR4A are expressed in tissue-specific fashion which indicates their selective control of various biological processes. Data reveal a host of functions governed by the NR4A subfamily members including general metabolism, immunity, cellular stress, memory, insulin sensitivity and cardiac homeostasis by regulating specific target genes whose products participates in such processes. Moreover, these receptors have a role in the onset and progression of various diseases such as various types of cancer, inflammation, atherosclerosis and obesity. In this review, a concise overview of the current understanding of the important metabolic roles governed by NR4A members including their participation in a number of diseases shall be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- Orphan Nuclear Receptors Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. Edmund's College , Shillong, Meghalaya , India
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281
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Connor EE, Baldwin RL, Walker MP, Ellis SE, Li C, Kahl S, Chung H, Li RW. Transcriptional regulators transforming growth factor-β1 and estrogen-related receptor-α identified as putative mediators of calf rumen epithelial tissue development and function during weaning. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4193-207. [PMID: 24767884 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms regulating rumen epithelial development remain largely unknown. To identify gene networks and regulatory factors controlling rumen development, Holstein bull calves (n=18) were fed milk replacer only (MRO) until 42 d of age. Three calves each were euthanized at 14 and 42 d of age for tissue collection to represent preweaning, and the remaining calves were provided diets of either milk replacer + orchard grass hay (MH; n=6) to initiate weaning without development of rumen papillae, or milk replacer + calf starter (MG; n=6) to initiate weaning and development of rumen papillae. At 56 and 70 d of age, 3 calves from the MH and MG groups were euthanized for collection of rumen epithelium. Total RNA and protein were extracted for microarray analysis and to validate detected changes in selected protein expression, respectively. As expected, calves fed MRO had no rumen papillae and development of papillae was greater in MG versus MH calves. Differentially expressed genes between the MRO diet at d 42 (preweaning) versus the MG or MH diets at d 56 (during weaning) were identified using permutation analysis of differential expression. Expression of 345 and 519 transcripts was uniquely responsive to MG and MH feeding, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, Redwood City, CA) indicated that the top-ranked biological function affected by the MG diet was the cell cycle, and TFGB1, FBOX01, and PPARA were identified as key transcriptional regulators of genes responsive to the MG diet and associated with development of rumen papillae. Increased expressions of TGFB1 mRNA and protein in response to the MG diet were confirmed by subsequent analyses. The top-ranking biological function affected by the MH diet was energy production. Receptors for IGF-1 and insulin, ESRRA, and PPARD were identified by ingenuity pathway analysis as transcriptional regulators of genes responsive to the MH diet. Further analysis of TGFB1 and ESRRA mRNA expression in rumen epithelium obtained from a separate ontogenic study of Holstein calves (n=26) euthanized every 7d from birth to 42 d of age showed increases in transcript expression with advancing age, supporting their roles in mediating rumen epithelial development and function during weaning. Additional evaluation of gene expression in the rumen epithelium of adult cows ruminally infused with butyrate also suggested that observed changes in ESRRA mRNA expression in developing calf rumen may be mediated by increased butyrate concentration. Our results identify TGFB1 and ESRRA as likely transcriptional regulators of rumen epithelial development and energy metabolism, respectively, and provide targets for modulation of rumen development and function in the growing calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Connor
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - R L Baldwin
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - M P Walker
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - S E Ellis
- Animal and Veterinary Science Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - C Li
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - S Kahl
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - H Chung
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Livestock Institute, Suwon 441-701, Korea
| | - R W Li
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Bovine Functional Genomics Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705
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282
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Bremer K, Kocha K, Snider T, Moyes C. Energy metabolism and cytochrome oxidase activity: linking metabolism to gene expression. CAN J ZOOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2013-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Modification of mitochondrial content demands the synthesis of hundreds of proteins encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The responsibility for coordination of this process falls to nuclear-encoded master regulators of transcription. DNA-binding proteins and coactivators integrate information from energy-sensing pathways and hormones to alter mitochondrial gene expression. In mammals, the signaling cascade for mitochondrial biogenesis can be described as follows: hormonal signals and energetic information are sensed by protein-modifying enzymes that in turn regulate the post-translational modification of transcription factors. Once activated, transcription-factor complexes form on promoter elements of many of the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, recruiting proteins that remodel chromatin and initiate transcription. One master regulator in mammals, PGC-1α, is well studied because of its role in determining the metabolic phenotype of muscles, but also due to its importance in mitochondria-related metabolic diseases. However, relatively little is known about the role of this pathway in other vertebrates. These uncertainties raise broader questions about the evolutionary origins of the pathway and its role in generating the diversity in muscle metabolic phenotypes seen in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Bremer
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Complex, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K.M. Kocha
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Complex, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T. Snider
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Complex, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C.D. Moyes
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Complex, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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283
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Harada K, Yuko K, Sato Y, Ikeda H, Nakanuma Y. Significance of oestrogen-related receptor γ on biliary epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:566-72. [PMID: 24687322 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oestrogen has been speculated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which mainly affects middle-aged and old-aged females because biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are known to express oestrogen receptors (ERs). Oestrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are constitutively active without oestrogen and competitively inhibit the ER-dependent effects of oestrogen. We clarified the effects of oestrogen and the significance of ERRs along with their association with the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC. METHODS We investigated the expression of ERs and ERRs and the apoptosis-related cell kinetics in BECs using cultured human BECs and human liver specimens. RESULTS Although cultured human BECs and the interlobular bile ducts in the liver expressed ERβ, in cultured BECs, oestrogen treatment did not induce significant cell proliferation but increased the expression of a negative cell proliferation regulator (14-3-3σ protein). The cultured BECs constantly expressed ERRα and ERRγ, and oestrogen downregulated the ERRγ expression. Furthermore, the ERRγ expression was determined in the intrahepatic bile ducts and was stronger in the middle-aged and old-aged females, particularly those with PBC, than in the younger females. The ERRγ ligand activated a transcription factor, SP1, and enhanced the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules and Bcl-2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in cultured BECs. CONCLUSIONS Although oestrogen downregulates the ERRγ expression, the increased ERRγ expression under oestrogen-deficient conditions increases the susceptibility to Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptosis in cultured human BECs of females, particularly those with PBC. Understanding the oestrogen-mediated cell kinetics is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC.
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MESH Headings
- 14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/drug effects
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Exoribonucleases/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kakuda Yuko
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Division of Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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284
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Liu X, Matsushima A, Shimohigashi M, Shimohigashi Y. A characteristic back support structure in the bisphenol A-binding pocket in the human nuclear receptor ERRγ. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101252. [PMID: 24978476 PMCID: PMC4076284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) affects various genes and hormones even at merely physiological levels. We recently demonstrated that BPA binds strongly to human nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor (ERR) γ and that the phenol-A group of BPA is in a receptacle pocket with essential amino acid residues to provide structural support at the backside. This led BPA to bind to ERRγ in an induced-fit-type binding mode, for example, with a rotated motion of Val313 to support the Tyr326-binding site. A similar binding mechanism appears to occur at the binding site of the BPA phenol-B ring. X-ray crystal analysis of the ERRγ-ligand-binding domain/BPA complex suggested that the ERRγ receptor residues Leu342, Leu345, Asn346, and Ile349 function as intrinsic binding sites of the BPA phenol-B, whereas Leu265, Leu268, Ile310, Val313, Leu324, Tyr330, Lys430, Ala431, and His434 work as structural elements to assist these binding sites. In the present study, by evaluating the mutant receptors replaced by a series of amino acids, we demonstrated that a finely assembled structural network indeed exists around the two adjacent Leu342-Asn346 and Leu345-Ile349 ridges on the same α-helix 7 (H7), constructing a part of the binding pocket structure with back support residues for the BPA phenol-B ring. The results reveal that the double-layer binding sites, namely, the ordinary ligand binding sites and their back support residues, substantiate the strong binding of BPA to ERRγ. When ERRγ-Asn346 was replaced by the corresponding Gly and Tyr in ERRα and ERRβ, respectively, the binding affinity of BPA and even 4-hydroxytamxifen (4-OHT) is much reduced. Asn346 was found to be one of the residues that make ERRγ to be exclusive to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miki Shimohigashi
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Risk Science Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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285
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Evans RM, Mangelsdorf DJ. Nuclear Receptors, RXR, and the Big Bang. Cell 2014; 157:255-66. [PMID: 24679540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 805] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of genes encoding the receptors for steroids, retinoids, vitamin D, and thyroid hormone and their structural and functional analysis revealed an evolutionarily conserved template for nuclear hormone receptors. This discovery sparked identification of numerous genes encoding related proteins, termed orphan receptors. Characterization of these orphan receptors and, in particular, of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) positioned nuclear receptors at the epicenter of the "Big Bang" of molecular endocrinology. This Review provides a personal perspective on nuclear receptors and explores their integrated and coordinated signaling networks that are essential for multicellular life, highlighting the RXR heterodimer and its associated ligands and transcriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald M Evans
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; The Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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286
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Abstract
Mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, face two imperatives concerning biogenesis. The first is the requirement for dividing cells to replicate their mitochondrial content by growth of existing mitochondria. The second is the dynamic regulation of mitochondrial content in response to organismal and cellular cues (e.g., exercise, caloric restriction, energy status, temperature). MYC provides the clearest example of a programmed expansion of mitochondrial content linked to the cell cycle. As an oncogene, MYC also presents intriguing questions about the role of its mitochondrial targets in cancer-related phenotypes, such as the Warburg effect and MYC-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Morrish
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109
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287
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Zou C, Yu S, Xu Z, Wu D, Ng CF, Yao X, Yew DT, Vanacker JM, Chan FL. ERRα augments HIF-1 signalling by directly interacting with HIF-1α in normoxic and hypoxic prostate cancer cells. J Pathol 2014; 233:61-73. [PMID: 24425001 DOI: 10.1002/path.4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of cancer cells to a hypoxic microenvironment is important for their facilitated malignant growth and advanced development. One major mechanism mediating the hypoxic response involves up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) expression, which controls reprogramming of energy metabolism and angiogenesis. Oestrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) is a pivotal regulator of cellular energy metabolism and many biosynthetic pathways, and has also been proposed to be an important factor promoting the Warburg effect in advanced cancer. We and others have previously shown that ERRα expression is increased in prostate cancer and is also a prognostic marker. Here we show that ERRα is oncogenic in prostate cancer and also a key hypoxic growth regulator. ERRα-over-expressing prostate cancer cells were more resistant to hypoxia and showed enhanced HIF-1α protein expression and HIF-1 signalling. These effects could also be observed in ERRα-over-expressing cells grown under normoxia, suggesting that ERRα could function to pre-adapt cancer cells to meet hypoxia stress. Immunoprecipitation and FRET assays indicated that ERRα could physically interact with HIF-1α via its AF-2 domain. A ubiquitination assay showed that this ERRα-HIF-1α interaction could inhibit ubiquitination of HIF-1α and thus reduce its degradation. Such ERRα-HIF-1α interaction could be attenuated by XCT790, an ERRα-specific inverse agonist, resulting in reduced HIF-1α levels. In summary, we show that ERRα can promote the hypoxic growth adaptation of prostate cancer cells via a protective interaction with HIF-1α, suggesting ERRα as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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288
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Heckler MM, Thakor H, Schafer CC, Riggins RB. ERK/MAPK regulates ERRγ expression, transcriptional activity and receptor-mediated tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancer. FEBS J 2014; 281:2431-42. [PMID: 24684682 PMCID: PMC4079056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen (TAM) significantly improve breast cancer-specific survival for women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) disease. However, resistance to TAM remains a major clinical problem. The resistant phenotype is usually not driven by loss or mutation of the estrogen receptor; instead, changes in multiple proliferative and/or survival pathways over-ride the inhibitory effects of TAM. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that promotes TAM resistance in ER+ breast cancer cells. This study sought to clarify the mechanism(s) by which this orphan nuclear receptor is regulated, and hence affects TAM resistance. mRNA and protein expression/phosphorylation were monitored by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to disrupt consensus extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) target sites. Cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression were measured by flow cytometric methods. ERRγ transcriptional activity was assessed by dual-luciferase promoter-reporter assays. We show that ERRγ protein levels are affected by the activation state of ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and mutation of consensus ERK target sites impairs ERRγ-driven transcriptional activity and TAM resistance. These findings shed new light on the functional significance of ERRγ in ER+ breast cancer, and are the first to demonstrate a role for kinase regulation of this orphan nuclear receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/chemistry
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Mazzotta Heckler
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Hemang Thakor
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Cara C. Schafer
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Rebecca B. Riggins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, E412 NRB, Washington, DC 20057
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289
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Baba T, Otake H, Sato T, Miyabayashi K, Shishido Y, Wang CY, Shima Y, Kimura H, Yagi M, Ishihara Y, Hino S, Ogawa H, Nakao M, Yamazaki T, Kang D, Ohkawa Y, Suyama M, Chung BC, Morohashi KI. Glycolytic genes are targets of the nuclear receptor Ad4BP/SF-1. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3634. [PMID: 24727981 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic deficiencies in transcription factors can lead to the loss of certain types of cells and tissue. The steroidogenic tissue-specific nuclear receptor Ad4BP/SF-1 (NR5A1) is one such gene, because mice in which this gene is disrupted fail to develop the adrenal gland and gonads. However, the specific role of Ad4BP/SF-1 in these biological events remains unclear. Here we use chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to show that nearly all genes in the glycolytic pathway are regulated by Ad4BP/SF-1. Suppression of Ad4BP/SF-1 by small interfering RNA reduces production of the energy carriers ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, as well as lowers expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism. Together, these observations may explain tissue dysgenesis as a result of Ad4BP/SF-1 gene disruption in vivo. Considering the function of estrogen-related receptor α, the present study raises the possibility that certain types of nuclear receptors regulate sets of genes involved in metabolic pathways to generate energy carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otake
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyabayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yurina Shishido
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- 1] Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan [2] Present address: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yuichi Shima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Nuclear Dynamics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-3, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikako Yagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hidesato Ogawa
- 1] Nuclear Dynamics Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-3, Osaka 565-0871, Japan [2] Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Iwaoka 588-2, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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290
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Luo Y, Kumar P, Chen CC, Latham J, Wang L, Tudela C, Alexander JM, Shelton JM, McKown L, Mendelson CR. Estrogen-related receptor γ serves a role in blood pressure homeostasis during pregnancy. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:965-75. [PMID: 24725083 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent hypoxia caused by shallow trophoblast invasion and poor placental perfusion may underlie the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Previously, we found that estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) serves a critical and O2-dependent role in differentiation of human trophoblasts in culture and expression of tissue kallikrein and voltage-gated K(+) channels. In this study, we surprisingly observed that ERRγ expression was significantly increased in placentas from preeclamptic women compared with that in gestation-matched normotensive women. To further investigate a functional role for ERRγ during pregnancy, we analyzed ERRγ-deficient mice. Maternal systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in pregnant ERRγ(+/-) females bred to ERRγ(+/-) males compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice and was markedly up-regulated by treatment of WT pregnant mice with the ERRγ agonist DY131. Placentas of ERRγ(+/-) mice manifested increased vascular endothelial growth factor A expression compared with that in WT mice. Notably, circulating levels of the antiangiogenic factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, were significantly reduced in ERRγ(+/-) pregnant mice as was serum aldosterone. These effects were associated with a decrease in maternal adrenal Cyp11b1 (steroid 11β-hydroxylase) and Cyp11b2 (aldosterone synthase) expression. In contrast, adrenal Cyp11b1 and Cyp11b2 mRNA were increased in pregnant WT mice treated with DY131. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays identified Cyp11b2 as a transcriptional target of ERRγ. Collectively, these findings reveal a potential role of ERRγ in maternal blood pressure homeostasis during pregnancy and suggest that aberrant ERRγ expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Luo
- Department of Biochemistry (Y.L., P.K., C.-C.C., J.L., L.W., C.R.M.), North Texas March of Dimes Birth Defects Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Y.L.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (C.T., J.M.A., C.R.M.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.M.S., L.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038
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291
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Pan H, Qin K, Guo Z, Ma Y, April C, Gao X, Andrews TG, Bokov A, Zhang J, Chen Y, Weintraub ST, Fan JB, Wang D, Hu Y, Aune GJ, Lindsey ML, Li R. Negative elongation factor controls energy homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2014; 7:79-85. [PMID: 24656816 PMCID: PMC4277258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative elongation factor (NELF) is known to enforce promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), a pervasive phenomenon observed across multicellular genomes. However, the physiological impact of NELF on tissue homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we show that whole-body conditional deletion of the B subunit of NELF (NELF-B) in adult mice results in cardiomyopathy and impaired response to cardiac stress. Tissue-specific knockout of NELF-B confirms its cell-autonomous function in cardiomyocytes. NELF directly supports transcription of those genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. NELF also shares extensively transcriptional target genes with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a master regulator of energy metabolism in the myocardium. Mechanistically, NELF helps stabilize the transcription initiation complex at the metabolism-related genes. Our findings strongly indicate that NELF is part of the PPARα-mediated transcription regulatory network that maintains metabolic homeostasis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Pan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kunhua Qin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Thomas G Andrews
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alex Bokov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Degeng Wang
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gregory J Aune
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Medicine, San Antonio Cardiovascular Proteomics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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292
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Abstract
There has been an upsurge of interest in the adipocyte coincident with the onset of the obesity epidemic and the realization that adipose tissue plays a major role in the regulation of metabolic function. The past few years, in particular, have seen significant changes in the way that we classify adipocytes and how we view adipose development and differentiation. We have new perspective on the roles played by adipocytes in a variety of homeostatic processes and on the mechanisms used by adipocytes to communicate with other tissues. Finally, there has been significant progress in understanding how these relationships are altered during metabolic disease and how they might be manipulated to restore metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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293
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van der Laan S, Golfetto E, Vanacker JM, Maiorano D. Cell cycle-dependent expression of Dub3, Nanog and the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators (NCoAs) in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93663. [PMID: 24695638 PMCID: PMC3973558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESC) is tightly regulated by a network of transcription factors among which the estrogen-related receptor β (Esrrb). Esrrb contributes to the relaxation of the G1 to S-phase (G1/S) checkpoint in mouse ESCs by transcriptional control of the deubiquitylase Dub3 gene, contributing to Cdc25A persistence after DNA damage. We show that in mESCs, Dub3 gene expression is cell cycle regulated and is maximal prior G1/S transition. In addition, following UV-induced DNA damage in G1, Dub3 expression markedly increases in S-phase also suggesting a role in checkpoint recovery. Unexpectedly, we also observed cell cycle-regulation of Nanog expression, and not Oct4, reaching high levels prior to G1/S transition, finely mirroring Cyclin E1 fluctuations. Curiously, while Esrrb showed only limited cell-cycle oscillations, transcript levels of the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators (NCoAs) displayed strong cell cycle-dependent fluctuations. Since NCoAs function in concert with Esrrb in transcriptional activation, we focussed on NCoA1 whose levels specifically increase prior onset of Dub3 transcription. Using a reporter assay, we show that NCoA1 potentiates Esrrb-mediated transcription of Dub3 and we present evidence of protein interaction between the SRC1 splice variant NCoA1 and Esrrb. Finally, we show a differential developmental regulation of all members of the p160 family during neural conversion of mESCs. These findings suggest that in mouse ESCs, changes in the relative concentration of a coactivator at a given cell cycle phase, may contribute to modulation of the transcriptional activity of the core transcription factors of the pluripotent network and be implicated in cell fate decisions upon onset of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siem van der Laan
- Genome Surveillance and Stability laboratory, Department “Molecular Bases of Human Diseases”, CNRS-UPR1142, Institute of Human Genetics, Montpellier, France
| | - Eleonora Golfetto
- Genome Surveillance and Stability laboratory, Department “Molecular Bases of Human Diseases”, CNRS-UPR1142, Institute of Human Genetics, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Physiopathology of orphan nuclear receptors, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Domenico Maiorano
- Genome Surveillance and Stability laboratory, Department “Molecular Bases of Human Diseases”, CNRS-UPR1142, Institute of Human Genetics, Montpellier, France
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294
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Kim DK, Jeong JH, Lee JM, Kim KS, Park SH, Kim YD, Koh M, Shin M, Jung YS, Kim HS, Lee TH, Oh BC, Kim JI, Park HT, Jeong WI, Lee CH, Park SB, Min JJ, Jung SI, Choi SY, Choy HE, Choi HS. Inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ controls Salmonella typhimurium infection by modulating host iron homeostasis. Nat Med 2014; 20:419-24. [PMID: 24658075 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In response to microbial infection, expression of the defensin-like peptide hepcidin (encoded by Hamp) is induced in hepatocytes to decrease iron release from macrophages. To elucidate the mechanism by which Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), an intramacrophage bacterium, alters host iron metabolism for its own survival, we examined the role of nuclear receptor family members belonging to the NR3B subfamily in mouse hepatocytes. Here, we report that estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ, encoded by Esrrg) modulates the intramacrophage proliferation of S. typhimurium by altering host iron homeostasis, and we demonstrate an antimicrobial effect of an ERRγ inverse agonist. Hepatic ERRγ expression was induced by S. typhimurium-stimulated interleukin-6 signaling, resulting in an induction of hepcidin and eventual hypoferremia in mice. Conversely, ablation of ERRγ mRNA expression in liver attenuated the S. typhimurium-mediated induction of hepcidin and normalized the hypoferremia caused by S. typhimurium infection. An inverse agonist of ERRγ ameliorated S. typhimurium-mediated hypoferremia through reduction of ERRγ-mediated hepcidin mRNA expression and exerted a potent antimicrobial effect on the S. typhimurium infection, thereby improving host survival. Taken together, these findings suggest an alternative approach to control multidrug-resistant intracellular bacteria by modulating host iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don-Kyu Kim
- 1] National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2]
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [3]
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseob Koh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Shin
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Kim
- 1] School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] AnyGen, Jeonnam NanoBioResearch Center, Jangseong-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Jeong
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Park
- 1] Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-In Jung
- 1] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Infectious Diseases, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. [2] Department of Molecular Medicine(BK21plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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295
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Han SJ, O'Malley BW. The dynamics of nuclear receptors and nuclear receptor coregulators in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:467-84. [PMID: 24634322 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is defined as the colonization and growth of endometrial tissue at anatomic sites outside the uterine cavity. Up to 15% of reproductive-aged women in the USA suffer from painful symptoms of endometriosis, such as infertility, pelvic pain, menstrual cycle abnormalities and increased risk of certain cancers. However, many of the current clinical treatments for endometriosis are not sufficiently effective and yield unacceptable side effects. There is clearly an urgent need to identify new molecular mechanisms that critically underpin the initiation and progression of endometriosis in order to develop more specific and effective therapeutics which lack the side effects of current therapies. The aim of this review is to discuss how nuclear receptors (NRs) and their coregulators promote the progression of endometriosis. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanisms for the genesis and maintenance of endometriosis as modulated by NRs and coregulators can reveal new therapeutic targets for alternative endometriosis treatments. METHODS This review was prepared using published gene expression microarray data sets obtained from patients with endometriosis and published literature on NRs and their coregulators that deal with endometriosis progression. Using the above observations, our current understanding of how NRs and NR coregulators are involved in the progression of endometriosis is summarized. RESULTS Aberrant levels of NRs and NR coregulators in ectopic endometriosis lesions are associated with the progression of endometriosis. As an example, endometriotic cell-specific alterations in gene expression are correlated with a differential methylation status of the genome compared with the normal endometrium. These differential epigenetic regulations can generate favorable cell-specific NR and coregulator milieus for endometriosis progression. Genetic alterations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletion polymorphisms of NR and coregulator genes, are frequently detected in ectopic lesions compared with the normal endometrium. These genetic variations impart new molecular properties to NRs and coregulators to increase their capacity to stimulate progression of endometriosis. Finally, post-translational modifications of NR coregulators, such as proteolytic processing, generate endometriosis-specific isoforms. Compared with the unmodified coregulators, these coregulator isoforms have unique functions that enhance the pathogenesis of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic/genetic variations and posttranslational modifications of NRs and coregulators alter their original function so that they become potent 'drivers' of endometriosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Han
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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296
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Cipelli R, Harries L, Okuda K, Yoshihara S, Melzer D, Galloway T. Bisphenol A modulates the metabolic regulator oestrogen-related receptor-α in T-cells. Reproduction 2014; 147:419-26. [PMID: 24231368 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used plastics constituent that has been associated with endocrine, immune and metabolic effects. Evidence for how BPA exerts significant biological effects at chronic low levels of exposure has remained elusive. In adult men, exposure to BPA has been associated with higher expression of two nuclear receptors, oestrogen receptor-β (ERβ) and oestrogen-related-receptor-α (ERRα), in peripheral white blood cells in vivo. In this study, we explore the expression of ESR2 (ERβ) and ESRRA (ERRα) in human leukaemic T-cell lymphoblasts (Jurkat cells) exposed to BPA in vitro. We show that exposure to BPA led to enhanced expression of ESRRA within 6 h of exposure (mean±s.e.m.: 1.43±0.08-fold increase compared with the control, P<0.05). After 72 h, expression of ESRRA remained significantly enhanced at concentrations of BPA ≥1 nM. Oxidative metabolism of BPA by rat liver S9 fractions yields the potent oestrogenic metabolite, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP). Exposure of cells to 1-100 nM MBP increased the expression of both ESRRA (significantly induced, P<0.05, at 1, 10, 100 nM) and ESR2 (1.32±0.07-fold increase at 100 nM exposure, P<0.01). ERRα is a major control point for oxidative metabolism in many cell types, including T-cells. Following exposure to both BPA and MBP, we found that cells showed a decrease in cell proliferation rate. Taken together, these results confirm the bioactivity of BPA against putative T-cell targets in vitro at concentrations relevant to general human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cipelli
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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297
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LaBarge S, McDonald M, Smith-Powell L, Auwerx J, Huss JM. Estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) deficiency in skeletal muscle impairs regeneration in response to injury. FASEB J 2014; 28:1082-97. [PMID: 24277576 PMCID: PMC3929682 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-229211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor-α (ERRα) regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose and fatty acid oxidation during differentiation in skeletal myocytes. However, whether ERRα controls metabolic remodeling during skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo is unknown. We characterized the time course of skeletal muscle regeneration in wild-type (M-ERRαWT) and muscle-specific ERRα(-/-) (M-ERRα(-/-)) mice after injury by intramuscular cardiotoxin injection. M-ERRα(-/-) mice exhibited impaired regeneration characterized by smaller myofibers with increased centrally localized nuclei and reduced mitochondrial density and cytochrome oxidase and citrate synthase activities relative to M-ERRαWT. Transcript levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A, nuclear respiratory factor-2a, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator (PGC)-1β, were downregulated in the M-ERRα(-/-) muscles at the onset of myogenesis. Furthermore, coincident with delayed myofiber recovery, we observed reduced muscle ATP content (-45% vs. M-ERRαWT) and enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in M-ERRα(-/-) muscle. We subsequently demonstrated that pharmacologic postinjury AMPK activation was sufficient to delay muscle regeneration in WT mice. AMPK activation induced ERRα transcript expression in M-ERRαWT muscle and in C2C12 myotubes through induction of the Esrra promoter, indicating that ERRα may control gene regulation downstream of the AMPK pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that ERRα deficiency during muscle regeneration impairs recovery of mitochondrial energetic capacity and perturbs AMPK activity, resulting in delayed myofiber repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel LaBarge
- 1Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Building, Room 2132E3, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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298
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Chen W, Wang Q, Bai L, Chen W, Wang X, Tellez CS, Leng S, Padilla MT, Nyunoya T, Belinsky SA, Lin Y. RIP1 maintains DNA integrity and cell proliferation by regulating PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1061-70. [PMID: 24583643 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect contributes to cancer cell proliferation; however, how this glucose metabolism pathway is precisely regulated remains elusive. Here we show that receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1), a cell death and survival signaling factor, regulates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. Loss of RIP1 in lung cancer cells suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression, impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and accelerating glycolysis, resulting in spontaneous DNA damage and p53-mediated cell proliferation inhibition. Thus, although aerobic glycolysis within a certain range favors cancer cell proliferation, excessive glycolysis causes cytostasis. Our data suggest that maintenance of glycolysis by RIP1 is pivotal to cancer cell energy homeostasis and DNA integrity and may be exploited for use in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Q Wang
- 1] Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA [2] Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education at Sichuan University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Bai
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - W Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - X Wang
- 1] Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA [2] Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education at Sichuan University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C S Tellez
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - M T Padilla
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - T Nyunoya
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - S A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Y Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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299
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Teng CT, Beames B, Alex Merrick B, Martin N, Romeo C, Jetten AM. Development of a stable cell line with an intact PGC-1α/ERRα axis for screening environmental chemicals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:177-81. [PMID: 24457025 PMCID: PMC3967403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) play critical roles in the control of several physiological functions, including the regulation of genes involved in energy homeostasis. However, little is known about the ability of environmental chemicals to disrupt or modulate this important bioenergetics pathway in humans. The goal of this study was to develop a cell-based assay system with an intact PGC-1α/ERRα axis that could be used as a screening assay for detecting such chemicals. To this end, we successfully generated several stable cell lines expressing PGC-1α and showed that the reporter driven by the native ERRα hormone response unit (AAB-Luc) is active in these cell lines and that the activation is PGC-1α-dependent. Furthermore, we show that this activation can be blocked by the ERRα selective inverse agonist, XCT790. In addition, we find that genistein and bisphenol A further stimulate the reporter activity, while kaempferol has minimal effect. These cell lines will be useful for identifying environmental chemicals that modulate this important pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina T Teng
- DNTP, BioMolecular Screening Branch, Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | - Burton Beames
- DNTP, BioMolecular Screening Branch, Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - B Alex Merrick
- DNTP, BioMolecular Screening Branch, Division, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Negin Martin
- DIR, Viral Core Lab, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Charles Romeo
- DIR, Viral Core Lab, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Anton M Jetten
- DIR Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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300
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Di Micco S, Renga B, Carino A, D'Auria MV, Zampella A, Riccio R, Fiorucci S, Bifulco G. Structural insights into Estrogen Related Receptor-β modulation: 4-methylenesterols from Theonella swinhoei sponge as the first example of marine natural antagonists. Steroids 2014; 80:51-63. [PMID: 24315836 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the first evidence of 4-methylenesterols, isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei, as antagonists of Estrogen Related Receptors (ERRs). The interactions of 4-methylenesterols with ERRs were investigated through a multi-parametric approach involving biological assays and molecular modelling. Here the first homology model of active and inactive conformations of the Estrogen Related Receptor β (ERRβ) is also reported, benchmarked with the well known agonists gsk4716 and genistein, and the antagonists 4-hydroxytamoxifen and diethylstilbestrol. Our proposed model could contribute to the clarification of small molecule interaction mode in the ERRβ and, notably, to the rational design of new potential and selective modulators of this emerging therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Micco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Barbara Renga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Nuova Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Gerardo Dottori 1 S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Nuova Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Gerardo Dottori 1 S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Riccio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, Nuova Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Via Gerardo Dottori 1 S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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