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Abstract
Epidemiological studies provided the first evidence suggesting a connection between the circadian clock and human health. Mutant mice convincingly demonstrate the principle that dysregulation of the circadian system leads to a multitude of pathologies. Chrono-medicine is one of the most important upcoming themes in the field of circadian biology. Although treatments counteracting circadian dysregulation are already being applied (e.g., prescribing strong and regular zeitgebers), we need to comprehend entrainment throughout the body's entire circadian network before understanding the mechanisms that tie circadian dysregulation to pathology. Here, we attempt to provide a systematic approach to understanding the connection between the circadian clock and health. This taxonomy of (mis)alignments on one hand exposes how little we know about entrainment within any organism and which 'eigen-zeitgeber' signals are used for entrainment by the different cells and tissues. On the other hand, it provides focus for experimental approaches and tools that will logically map out how circadian systems contribute to disease as well as how we can treat and prevent them.
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252
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De Nobrega AK, Lyons LC. Drosophila: An Emergent Model for Delineating Interactions between the Circadian Clock and Drugs of Abuse. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:4723836. [PMID: 29391952 PMCID: PMC5748135 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4723836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous circadian oscillators orchestrate rhythms at the cellular, physiological, and behavioral levels across species to coordinate activity, for example, sleep/wake cycles, metabolism, and learning and memory, with predictable environmental cycles. The 21st century has seen a dramatic rise in the incidence of circadian and sleep disorders with globalization, technological advances, and the use of personal electronics. The circadian clock modulates alcohol- and drug-induced behaviors with circadian misalignment contributing to increased substance use and abuse. Invertebrate models, such as Drosophila melanogaster, have proven invaluable for the identification of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying highly conserved processes including the circadian clock, drug tolerance, and reward systems. In this review, we highlight the contributions of Drosophila as a model system for understanding the bidirectional interactions between the circadian system and the drugs of abuse, alcohol and cocaine, and illustrate the highly conserved nature of these interactions between Drosophila and mammalian systems. Research in Drosophila provides mechanistic insights into the corresponding behaviors in higher organisms and can be used as a guide for targeted inquiries in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza K. De Nobrega
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa C. Lyons
- Department of Biological Science, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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253
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McMahon DM, Burch JB, Wirth MD, Youngstedt SD, Hardin JW, Hurley TG, Blair SN, Hand GA, Shook RP, Drenowatz C, Burgess S, Hebert JR. Persistence of social jetlag and sleep disruption in healthy young adults. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:312-328. [PMID: 29231745 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1405014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disruption has been associated with increased risks for several major chronic diseases that develop over decades. Differences in sleep/wake timing between work and free days can result in the development of social jetlag (SJL), a chronic misalignment between a person's preferred sleep/wake schedule and sleep/wake timing imposed by his/her work schedule. Only a few studies have examined the persistence of SJL or sleep disruption over time. This prospective investigation examined SJL and sleep characteristics over a 2-year period to evaluate whether SJL or poor sleep were chronic conditions during the study period. SJL and sleep measures (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], wake after sleep onset [WASO]), and sleep efficiency [SE]), were derived from armband monitoring among 390 healthy men and women 21-35 years old. Participants wore the armband for periods of 4-10 days at 6-month intervals during the follow-up period (N = 1431 repeated observations). The consistency of SJL or sleep disruption over time was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) for repeated measures. Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) was then used to identify subgroups among the study participants with different sleep trajectories over time. Individuals in each latent group were compared using GLMMs to identify personal characteristics that differed among the latent groups. Minor changes in mean SJL, chronotype, or TST were observed over time, whereas no statistically significant changes in SOL, WASO, or SE were observed during the study period. The RMLCA identified two groups of SJL that remained consistent throughout the study (low SJL, mean ± SE: 0.4 ± 0.04 h, 42% of the study population; and high SJL, 1.4 ± 0.03 h, 58%). Those in the SJL group with higher values tended to be employed and have an evening chronotype. Similarly, two distinct subgroups were observed for SOL, WASO, and SE; one group with a pattern suggesting disrupted sleep over time, and another with a consistently normal sleep pattern. Analyses of TST identified three latent groups with relatively short (5.6 ± 1.0 h, 21%), intermediate (6.5 ± 1.0 h, 44%), and long (7.3 ± 1.0 h, 36%) sleep durations, all with temporally stable, linear trajectories. The results from this study suggest that sleep disturbances among young adults can persist over a 2 year period. Latent groups with poor sleep tended to be male, African American, lower income, and have an evening chronotype relative to those with more normal sleep characteristics. Characterizing the persistence of sleep disruption over time and its contributing factors could be important for understanding the role of poor sleep as a chronic disease risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M McMahon
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - James B Burch
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,c WJB Dorn Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- e College of Nursing and Health Innovation , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA.,f Phoenix VA Health Care System , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - James W Hardin
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Thomas G Hurley
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,g Department of Exercise Science , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Gregory A Hand
- h School of Public Health , West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV , USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- i Department of Pediatrics , Center for Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- g Department of Exercise Science , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,j University of Education Upper Austria , Division of Physical Education , Linz , Austria
| | - Stephanie Burgess
- d College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - James R Hebert
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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254
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Plano SA, Casiraghi LP, García Moro P, Paladino N, Golombek DA, Chiesa JJ. Circadian and Metabolic Effects of Light: Implications in Weight Homeostasis and Health. Front Neurol 2017; 8:558. [PMID: 29097992 PMCID: PMC5653694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily interactions between the hypothalamic circadian clock at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral circadian oscillators regulate physiology and metabolism to set temporal variations in homeostatic regulation. Phase coherence of these circadian oscillators is achieved by the entrainment of the SCN to the environmental 24-h light:dark (LD) cycle, coupled through downstream neural, neuroendocrine, and autonomic outputs. The SCN coordinate activity and feeding rhythms, thus setting the timing of food intake, energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and active and basal metabolism. In this work, we will discuss evidences exploring the impact of different photic entrainment conditions on energy metabolism. The steady-state interaction between the LD cycle and the SCN is essential for health and wellbeing, as its chronic misalignment disrupts the circadian organization at different levels. For instance, in nocturnal rodents, non-24 h protocols (i.e., LD cycles of different durations, or chronic jet-lag simulations) might generate forced desynchronization of oscillators from the behavioral to the metabolic level. Even seemingly subtle photic manipulations, as the exposure to a “dim light” scotophase, might lead to similar alterations. The daily amount of light integrated by the clock (i.e., the photophase duration) strongly regulates energy metabolism in photoperiodic species. Removing LD cycles under either constant light or darkness, which are routine protocols in chronobiology, can also affect metabolism, and the same happens with disrupted LD cycles (like shiftwork of jetlag) and artificial light at night in humans. A profound knowledge of the photic and metabolic inputs to the clock, as well as its endocrine and autonomic outputs to peripheral oscillators driving energy metabolism, will help us to understand and alleviate circadian health alterations including cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago A Plano
- Chronophysiology Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED - CONICET), School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leandro P Casiraghi
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula García Moro
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paladino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego A Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan J Chiesa
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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255
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Suh S, Yang HC, Kim N, Yu JH, Choi S, Yun CH, Shin C. Chronotype Differences in Health Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Study Among Aged and Older Adults. Behav Sleep Med 2017; 15:361-376. [PMID: 27148632 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1141768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates health behaviors, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and sleep among chronotypes in a community-based sample (n = 2,976). Analysis of covariance indicated evening types (E-types) had a significantly higher percentage of current smokers and more sleep-interfering behaviors compared to intermediate and morning types (M-type), and also lower physical activity and more sleep disturbance compared to M-types. E-types also had worse mental HRQOL compared to both chronotypes, and worse physical HRQOL compared to M-types. Exploratory analyses indicated E-types consumed more caffeinated beverages at night, smoked or ate heavy meals before bedtime, kept irregular sleep-wake schedules, and took more naps. Mediational analyses indicated that sleep-interfering behavior partially mediated the relationship between chronotype and sleep disturbance, and physical activity partially mediated the relationship between chronotype and mental HRQOL. E-types had more unhealthy behaviors, which may subsequently place them at higher risk for health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Suh
- a Department of Psychology , Sungshin Women's University , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Psychiatry , Stanford University , Palo Alto , California
| | - Hae-Chung Yang
- c Department of Counseling Psychology , Yongmoon Graduate School of Counseling Psychology , Seoul , Korea
| | - Nanhee Kim
- d Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University Ansan Hospital , Ansan , Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- d Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University Ansan Hospital , Ansan , Korea
| | - Sungwon Choi
- e Department of Psychology , Duksung Women's University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- f Department of Neurology , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- a Department of Psychology , Sungshin Women's University , Seoul , Korea.,g Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Korea University Ansan Hospital , Ansan , Korea
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256
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Potter GDM, Cade JE, Hardie LJ. Longer sleep is associated with lower BMI and favorable metabolic profiles in UK adults: Findings from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182195. [PMID: 28750055 PMCID: PMC5531652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever more evidence associates short sleep with increased risk of metabolic diseases such as obesity, which may be related to a predisposition to non-homeostatic eating. Few studies have concurrently determined associations between sleep duration and objective measures of metabolic health as well as sleep duration and diet, however. We therefore analyzed associations between sleep duration, diet and metabolic health markers in UK adults, assessing associations between sleep duration and 1) adiposity, 2) selected metabolic health markers and 3) diet, using National Diet and Nutrition Survey data. Adults (n = 1,615, age 19–65 years, 57.1% female) completed questions about sleep duration and 3 to 4 days of food diaries. Blood pressure and waist circumference were recorded. Fasting blood lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), thyroid hormones, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in a subset of participants. We used regression analyses to explore associations between sleep duration and outcomes. After adjustment for age, ethnicity, sex, smoking, and socioeconomic status, sleep duration was negatively associated with body mass index (-0.46 kg/m2 per hour, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.24 kg/m2, p < 0.001) and waist circumference (-0.9 cm per hour, 95% CI -1.5 to -0.3cm, p = 0.004), and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.03 mmol/L per hour, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.05, p = 0.03). Sleep duration tended to be positively associated with free thyroxine levels and negatively associated with HbA1c and CRP (p = 0.09 to 0.10). Contrary to our hypothesis, sleep duration was not associated with any dietary measures (p ≥ 0.14). Together, our findings show that short-sleeping UK adults are more likely to have obesity, a disease with many comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. M. Potter
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England
- * E-mail:
| | - Janet E. Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England
| | - Laura J. Hardie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England
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257
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Social jetlag and metabolic control in non-communicable chronic diseases: a study addressing different obesity statuses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6358. [PMID: 28743872 PMCID: PMC5526860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social jetlag – a measure of disruption of the circadian system – has been linked to obesity, but its association with metabolic complications in non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCDs) is unknown in the literature. We examined the associations between social jetlag and obesity status and metabolic parameters among individuals with NCCDs. Patients (n = 792) with NCCDs (obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidaemia) attended clinics of the public health service of the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. They were classified in three obesity statuses: non-obese: BMI < 30 kg/m2; metabolically healthy obese (MHO): BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and less than three high-risk biomarkers for metabolic syndrome; and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO): BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and with high-risk values on three or more biomarkers for metabolic syndrome. After adjustments for confounding variables, social jetlag was positively associated with fasting glucose levels among all subjects (β = 0.08, p = 0.03) and MUO subjects (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Patients with social jetlag (>1 h) presented a significant odds ratio (OR) of being overweight (OR = 2.0, confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–3.6, p = 0.006) and MUO (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.1–2.8, p = 0.01). These results suggest that social jetlag is associated with a higher risk of overweight and related metabolic complications in individuals with NCCDs.
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258
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Kuula L, Pesonen AK, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, Andersson S, Lano A, Lahti J, Wolke D, Räikkönen K. Naturally occurring circadian rhythm and sleep duration are related to executive functions in early adulthood. J Sleep Res 2017; 27:113-119. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit; Helsinki and Oulu Finland
- Children′s Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit; MRC Oulu; Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Johan Gunnar Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare; Chronic Disease Prevention Unit; Helsinki and Oulu Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sture Andersson
- Children′s Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Aulikki Lano
- Children′s Hospital; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, WMS; University of Warwick; Warwick UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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259
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Chin-Quee AL, Yaremchuk K. Medical residents' circadian preferences across specialties. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:2236-2238. [PMID: 28722202 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circadian preference refers to the tendency of individuals to be more alert and effective in the morning (larks) or the evening (owls). Given the rigors of medical residency training and perceived lifestyle differences among specialties, circadian preference may play a role in choice of medical specialty and subsequent job satisfaction during training. This study aimed to determine the circadian preferences of residents across specialties and correlations with specialty choice and job satisfaction. STUDY DESIGN Single-institution, cross-sectional survey. METHODS The Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire, the standard to identify circadian preference, was modified to include demographic and job satisfaction variables and administered to residents at our tertiary care hospital in 2014. Independent t tests were used to correlate circadian preference and specialty choice, and Spearman's correlations were used to correlate circadian preference and job satisfaction. RESULTS A total of 160 residents from postgraduate years 1 through 7 and 10 specialties responded. The mean chronotype scores from all specialties met the category of "neither" morning nor evening type. A significant difference occurred between emergency medicine residents and residents from anesthesiology (P = 0.0007), surgery (P < 0.0001), and medicine (P = 0.0005). Residents in the surgical specialties trended toward the morning chronotype, whereas emergency medicine trended toward evening chronotype. There was no significant correlation between chronotype and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION Although preliminary because of the low response rate, this study points to the potential of considering circadian preference in choice of specialty training and for designing resident on-call schedules. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 127:2236-2238, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Chin-Quee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen Yaremchuk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A
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260
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Koopman ADM, Rauh SP, van 't Riet E, Groeneveld L, van der Heijden AA, Elders PJ, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Beulens JW, Rutters F. The Association between Social Jetlag, the Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the General Population: The New Hoorn Study. J Biol Rhythms 2017. [PMID: 28631524 PMCID: PMC5564947 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417713572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Only a few studies have investigated the metabolic consequences of social jetlag. Therefore, we examined the association of social jetlag with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort. We used cross-sectional data from the New Hoorn Study cohort (n = 1585, 47% men, age 60.8 ± 6 years). Social jetlag was calculated as the difference in midpoint sleep (in hours) between weekdays and weekend days. Poisson and linear regression models were used to study the associations, and age was regarded as a possible effect modifier. We adjusted for sex, employment status, education, smoking, physical activity, sleep duration, and body mass index. In the total population, we only observed an association between social jetlag and the metabolic syndrome, with prevalence ratios adjusted for sex, employment status, and educational levels of 1.64 (95% CI 1.1-2.4), for participants with >2 h social jetlag, compared with participants with <1 h social jetlag. However, we observed an interaction effect of median age (<61 years). In older participants (≥61 years), no significant associations were observed between social jetlag status, the metabolic syndrome, and diabetes or prediabetes. In the younger group (<61 years), the adjusted prevalence ratios were 1.29 (95% CI 0.9-1.9) and 2.13 (95% CI 1.3-3.4) for the metabolic syndrome and 1.39 (95% CI 1.1-1.9) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.2-2.5) for diabetes/prediabetes, for participants with 1-2 h and >2 h social jetlag, compared with participants with <1 h social jetlag. In conclusion, in our population-based cohort, social jetlag was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes/prediabetes, especially in younger (<61 years) participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra D M Koopman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Simone P Rauh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Esther van 't Riet
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Lenka Groeneveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Amber A van der Heijden
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Petra J Elders
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Jacqueline M Dekker
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Giel Nijpels
- EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
| | - Joline W Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam.,Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam
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261
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Egan KJ, Knutson KL, Pereira AC, von Schantz M. The role of race and ethnicity in sleep, circadian rhythms and cardiovascular health. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 33:70-78. [PMID: 27908540 PMCID: PMC6450543 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, strong evidence has emerged suggesting that insufficient duration, quality, and/or timing of sleep are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and various mechanisms for this association have been proposed. Such associations may be related to endophenotypic features of the sleep homeostat and the circadian oscillator, or may be state-like effects of the environment. Here, we review recent literature on sleep, circadian rhythms and CVD with a specific emphasis on differences between racial/ethnic groups. We discuss the reported differences, mainly between individuals of European and African descent, in parameters related to sleep (architecture, duration, quality) and circadian rhythms (period length and phase shifting). We further review racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, and develop the hypothesis that racial/ethnic health disparities may, to a greater or smaller degree, relate to differences in parameters related to sleep and circadian rhythms. When humans left Africa some 100,000 years ago, some genetic differences between different races/ethnicities were acquired. These genetic differences have been proposed as a possible predictor of CVD disparities, but concomitant differences in culture and lifestyle between different groups may equally explain CVD disparities. We discuss the evidence for genetic and environmental causes of these differences in sleep and circadian rhythms, and their usefulness as health intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J Egan
- Chronobiology Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Kristen L Knutson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Malcolm von Schantz
- Chronobiology Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK; Incor, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil.
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262
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Hasler BP, Franzen PL, de Zambotti M, Prouty D, Brown SA, Tapert SF, Pfefferbaum A, Pohl KM, Sullivan EV, De Bellis MD, Nagel BJ, Baker FC, Colrain IM, Clark DB. Eveningness and Later Sleep Timing Are Associated with Greater Risk for Alcohol and Marijuana Use in Adolescence: Initial Findings from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1154-1165. [PMID: 28421617 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abundant cross-sectional evidence links eveningness (a preference for later sleep-wake timing) and increased alcohol and drug use among adolescents and young adults. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine whether eveningness is a risk factor for subsequent alcohol and drug use, particularly during adolescence, which is marked by parallel peaks in eveningness and risk for the onset of alcohol use disorders. This study examined whether eveningness and other sleep characteristics were associated with concurrent or subsequent substance involvement in a longitudinal study of adolescents. METHODS Participants were 729 adolescents (368 females; age 12 to 21 years) in the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study. Associations between the sleep variables (circadian preference, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep timing, and sleep duration) and 3 categorical substance variables (at-risk alcohol use, alcohol bingeing, and past-year marijuana use [y/n]) were examined using ordinal and logistic regression with baseline age, sex, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and psychiatric problems as covariates. RESULTS At baseline, greater eveningness was associated with greater at-risk alcohol use, greater bingeing, and past-year use of marijuana. Later weekday and weekend bedtimes, but not weekday or weekend sleep duration, showed similar associations across the 3 substance outcomes at baseline. Greater baseline eveningness was also prospectively associated with greater bingeing and past-year use of marijuana at the 1-year follow-up, after covarying for baseline bingeing and marijuana use. Later baseline weekday and weekend bedtimes, and shorter baseline weekday sleep duration, were similarly associated with greater bingeing and past-year use of marijuana at the 1-year follow-up after covarying for baseline values. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that eveningness and sleep timing may be under recognized risk factors and future areas of intervention for adolescent involvement in alcohol and marijuana that should be considered along with other previously identified sleep factors such as insomnia and insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter L Franzen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Devin Prouty
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael D De Bellis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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263
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Malone SK, Patterson F, Lozano A, Hanlon A. Differences in morning-evening type and sleep duration between Black and White adults: Results from a propensity-matched UK Biobank sample. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:740-752. [PMID: 28488939 PMCID: PMC5667945 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1317639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Biological evidence suggests that ethno-racial differences in morning-evening type are possible, whereby Blacks may be more likely to be morning type compared to Whites. However, population-level evidence of ethno-racial difference in morning-evening type is limited. In an earlier study, we reported that morning type was more prevalent in Blacks compared to Whites in the United Kingdom (UK) Biobank cohort (N = 439 933). This study aimed to determine if these ethno-racial differences persisted after accounting for an even broader range of social, environmental and individual characteristics and employing an analytic approach that simulates randomization in observational data, propensity score modeling. Data from UK Biobank participants whose self-identified race/ethnicity was Black/Black British or White; who did not report daytime napping, shift work or night shift work; who provided full mental health information; and who were identified using propensity score matching were used (N = 2044). Each sample was strongly matched across all social, environmental and individual characteristics as indicated by absolute standardized mean differences <0.09 for all variables. The prevalence of reporting nocturnal short, adequate and long sleep as well as morning, intermediate and evening type among Blacks (n = 1022) was compared with a matched sample of Whites (n = 1022) using multinomial logistic regression models. Blacks had a 62% greater odds of being morning type [odds ratio (OR) = 1.620, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.336-1.964, p < .0001] and a more than threefold greater odds of reporting nocturnal short sleep (OR = 3.453, 95% CI: 2.846-4.190, p < .0001) than Whites. These data indicate that the greater prevalence of morning type and short nocturnal sleep in Blacks compared to Whites is not fully explained by a wide range of social and environmental factors. If sleep is an upstream determinant of health, these data suggest that ethno-racially targeted public health sleep intervention strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kohl Malone
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Freda Patterson
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Cardiovascular Health and Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Alicia Lozano
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Hanlon
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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264
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Xiao Q, Derkach A, Moore SC, Zheng W, Shu XO, Gu F, Caporaso NE, Sampson JN, Matthews CE. Habitual Sleep and human plasma metabolomics. Metabolomics 2017; 13:63. [PMID: 29657561 PMCID: PMC5897041 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep plays an important role in cardiometabolic health. The sleep-wake cycle is partially driven by the endogenous circadian clock, which governs a range of metabolic pathways. The association between sleep and cardiometabolic health may be mediated by alterations of the human metabolome. OBJECTIVES To better understand the biological mechanism underlying the association between sleep and health, we examined human plasma metabolites in relation to sleep duration and sleep timing. METHODS Using an untargeted approach, 329 fasting plasma metabolites were measured in 277 Chinese participants. We measured sleep timing (midpoint between bedtime and wake up time) using repeated time-use surveys (4 weeks during one year) and previous night sleep duration from questionnaires completed before sample donation. RESULTS We found 64 metabolites that were associated with sleep timing with a false discovery rate of 0.2 or lower, after adjusting for potential confounders. Notably, we found that later sleep timing was associated with higher levels of multiple metabolites in amino acid metabolism, including branched chain amino acids and their gamma-glutamyl dipeptides. We also found widespread associations between sleep timing and numerous metabolites in lipid metabolism, including bile acids, carnitines and fatty acids. In contrast, previous night sleep duration was not associated with plasma metabolites in our study. CONCLUSION Sleep timing was associated with a large number of metabolites across a variety of biochemical pathways. Some metabolite associations are consistent with a relationship between late chronotype and adverse effects on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Correspondence: Qian Xiao, PhD, Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA (; phone: 319-335-9348)
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fangyi Gu
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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265
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Luciano AK, Santana JM, Velazquez H, Sessa WC. Akt1 Controls the Timing and Amplitude of Vascular Circadian Gene Expression. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:212-221. [PMID: 28452287 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417704534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The AKT signaling pathway is important for circadian rhythms in mammals and flies ( Drosophila). However, AKT signaling in mammals is more complicated since there are 3 isoforms of AKT, each performing slightly different functions. Here we study the most ubiquitous AKT isoform, Akt1, and its role at the organismal level in the central and vascular peripheral clocks. Akt1-/- mice exhibit relatively normal behavioral rhythms with only minor differences in circadian gene expression in the liver and heart. However, circadian gene expression in the Akt1-/- aorta, compared with control aorta, follows a distinct pattern. In the Akt1-/- aorta, positive regulators of circadian transcription have lower amplitude rhythms and peak earlier in the day, and negative circadian regulators are expressed at higher amplitudes and peak later in the day. In endothelial cells, negative circadian regulators exhibit an increased amplitude of expression, while the positive circadian regulators are arrhythmic with a decreased amplitude of expression. This indicates that Akt1 conditions the normal circadian rhythm in the vasculature more so than in other peripheral tissues where other AKT isoforms or kinases might be important for daily rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Luciano
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeans M Santana
- Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William C Sessa
- Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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266
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Jensen JL, Jones CR, Kartsonaki C, Packer KA, Adler FR, Liou TG. Sleep Phase Delay in Cystic Fibrosis: A Potential New Manifestation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Dysfunction. Chest 2017; 152:386-393. [PMID: 28442311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein dysfunction causes CF. Improving survival allows detection of increasingly subtle disease manifestations. CFTR dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS) may disturb circadian rhythm and thus sleep phase. We studied sleep in adults to better understand potential CNS CFTR dysfunction. METHODS We recruited participants from April 2012 through April 2015 and administered the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). We compared free-day sleep measurements between CF and non-CF participants and investigated associations with CF survival predictors. RESULTS We recruited 23 female and 22 male adults with CF aged 18 to 46 years and 26 female and 22 male volunteers aged 18 to 45 years. Compared with volunteers without CF, patients with CF had delayed sleep onset (0.612 h; P = .015), midsleep (1.11 h; P < .001), and wake (1.15 h; P < .001) times and prolonged sleep latency (7.21 min; P = .05) and duration (0.489 h; P = .05). Every hour delay in sleep onset was associated with shorter sleep duration by 0.29 h in patients with CF and 0.75 h in subjects without CF (P = .007) and longer sleep latency by 7.51 min in patients with CF and 1.6 min in volunteers without CF (P = .035). Among patients with CF, FEV1 % predicted, prior acute pulmonary exacerbations, and weight were independent of all free-day sleep measurements. CONCLUSIONS CF in adults is associated with marked delays in sleep phase consistent with circadian rhythm phase delays. Independence from disease characteristics predictive of survival suggests that sleep phase delay is a primary manifestation of CFTR dysfunction in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Jensen
- University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | - Kristyn A Packer
- University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Frederick R Adler
- Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Departments of Mathematics and Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Theodore G Liou
- University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Center for Quantitative Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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267
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Dopamine D 2 receptors and the circadian clock reciprocally mediate antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disturbances. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:17. [PMID: 28560263 PMCID: PMC5441531 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are widely prescribed medications, used for numerous psychiatric illnesses. However, antipsychotic drugs cause serious metabolic side effects that can lead to substantial weight gain and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. While individual drugs differ, all antipsychotic drugs may cause these important side effects to varying degrees. Given that the single unifying property shared by these medications is blockade of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, these receptors likely play a role in antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic side effects. Dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptors are expressed in brain regions critical for metabolic regulation and appetite. Surprisingly, these receptors are also expressed peripherally in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. By inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptors are important mediators of pancreatic insulin release. Crucially, antipsychotic drugs disrupt this peripheral metabolic regulatory mechanism. At the same time, disruptions to circadian timing have been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for metabolic disturbance. Reciprocal dopamine and circadian signaling is important for the timing of appetitive/feeding behaviors and insulin release, thereby coordinating cell metabolism with caloric intake. In particular, circadian regulation of dopamine D2 receptor/dopamine D3 receptor signaling may play a critical role in metabolism. Therefore, we propose that antipsychotic drugs’ blockade of dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine D3 receptors in pancreatic beta cells, hypothalamus, and striatum disrupts the cellular timing mechanisms that regulate metabolism. Ultimately, understanding the relationships between the dopamine system and circadian clocks may yield critical new biological insights into mechanisms of antipsychotic drug action, which can then be applied into clinical practice.
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268
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Lee KM, Jung DY, Hwang H, Kim WH, Lee JY, Kim TY, Im SA, Lee KH, Spiegel D, Hahm BJ. Late chronotypes are associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:480-491. [PMID: 28362229 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1295978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, that is, the administration of chemotherapy before surgery, has been commonly used for locally advanced breast cancer to improve the surgical outcomes and increase the opportunity for breast-conserving therapy. Women with breast cancer often receive an anthracycline-based regimen as the neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which is associated with a high risk of emesis. Despite the development of novel antiemetics, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) has been commonly reported as a major adverse effect, affecting the quality of life of the patients. However, the factors predicting CINV in women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy remain unclear. In this single-institution, prospective, observational study conducted at an outpatient cancer centre in the Republic of Korea from November 2013 to March 2016, we analysed women with breast cancer who planned to be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. Candidate factors associated with CINV were assessed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. CINV was assessed after chemotherapy by using the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemesis Tool. Of a total of 143 participants, 7 patients were lost to follow-up and 2 patients were excluded due to changes in their treatment plan; thus, 134 patients were finally included in the analyses. Overall, 48.5% of the participants experienced CINV, with delayed CINV prevalence (42.5%) being more common than acute (39.6%). In the univariate analyses, overall CINV was significantly associated with late chronotypes (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-8.87; p = 0.009), a history of nausea/vomiting (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.10-4.37; p = 0.026) and anxiety (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.05-4.81; p = 0.036). In the multivariate analyses, late chronotypes (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.27-9.79; p = 0.015) and a history of nausea/vomiting (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.31-6.13; p = 0.008) remained significantly associated with CINV. In conclusion, in women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, late chronotypes were found to have an increased risk of CINV; these data suggest that clinicians need to assess and consider the chronotype in the management of CINV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Lee
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Public Health Medical Service, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,c Department of Psychiatry , Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center Uijeongbu Hospital , Uijeongbu , Korea
| | - Doo-Young Jung
- d Department of Human Factors Engineering , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan , Korea
| | - Heesung Hwang
- e Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - Won-Hyoung Kim
- f Department of Psychiatry , Inha University Hospital , Incheon , Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- g Department of Health Management , Armed Forces Medical Command , Seongnam , Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- h Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,i Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- h Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,i Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,j Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Lee
- h Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,i Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - David Spiegel
- k Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Bong-Jin Hahm
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,e Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea
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269
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Abstract
Social jet lag is a term describing misalignment between social and biological times. In this article, it is argued that the currently used formula for social jet lag captures not only this misalignment, but also sleep debt resulting from sleep deprivation during workdays. It is proposed to adopt the sleep-corrected formula for social jet lag, which takes the form of the difference between the sleep onset on free days and workdays in the case of subjects with longer sleep and later (or equal) sleep onset on free days compared to workdays; it takes the form of the difference between the sleep offset on free days and workdays for subjects with longer sleep and earlier (or equal) sleep offset on workdays compared to free days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad S Jankowski
- a Department of Psychometrics and Psychological Diagnosis, Faculty of Psychology , University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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270
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Rosique-Esteban N, Díaz-López A, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Goday A, Martínez JA, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Arós F, Garcia-Rios A, Tinahones F, Estruch R, Fernández-García JC, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Tur JA, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Vidal J, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Daimiel L, Vázquez C, Rubio MÁ, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J. Leisure-time physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and cardiometabolic risk factors at baseline in the PREDIMED-PLUS intervention trial: A cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172253. [PMID: 28273154 PMCID: PMC5342184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited data exists on the interrelationships between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors and sleep concerning cardiometabolic risk factors in aged adults at high cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to examine independent and joint associations between time spent in leisure-time PA, sedentary behaviors and sleep on the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Mediterranean individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Cross-sectional analyses were performed on baseline data from 5776 Spanish adults (aged 55-75y in men; 60-75y in women) with overweight/obesity and MetS, from October 2013 to October 2016, in the PREDIMED-PLUS trial. Employing multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with robust variance and constant time (given the cross-sectional design), higher prevalence of obesity, T2D and abdominal obesity as component of the MetS were associated with greater time in TV-viewing (Relative Risk, RR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.03; RR:1.04, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.06 and RR: 1.01 95%CI: 1.00, 1.02; respectively, all P < .01). Conversely, greater time in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with lower prevalence of obesity, T2D, abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol (RR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.97; RR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.89, 0.99; RR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.98; and RR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91, 0.99, respectively, all P < .05). For these outcomes, theoretically substituting 1-h/day of MVPA for 1-h/day TV-viewing was also significantly associated with lower prevalence (RR 0.91 to 0.97, all P < .05). Similar lower RR in these outcomes was observed when substituting 1-h/day of MVPA for 1-h/day of sleeping. Longer time watching TV and not meeting MVPA recommendations were jointly associated with higher RR of the prevalence of obesity and T2D. We concluded that, in senior individuals at high cardiovascular risk, greater time spent on MVPA and fewer on sedentary behaviors was inversely associated with prevalence of obesity, T2D, and some of the components of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rosique-Esteban
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Díaz-López
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), University Hospital of Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- University of Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Araba, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, IMIBIC, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Tinahones
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Malaga University, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atencion Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luís Serra-Majem
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Xavier Pinto
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Departament of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen; Jaen, Spain; CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rubio
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos-IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Lipids, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Association between light at night, melatonin secretion, sleep deprivation, and the internal clock: Health impacts and mechanisms of circadian disruption. Life Sci 2017; 173:94-106. [PMID: 28214594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) results in a disruption of the circadian system, which is deleterious to health. In industrialized countries, 75% of the total workforce is estimated to have been involved in shift work and night work. Epidemiologic studies, mainly of nurses, have revealed an association between sustained night work and a 50-100% higher incidence of breast cancer. The potential and multifactorial mechanisms of the effects include the suppression of melatonin secretion by ALAN, sleep deprivation, and circadian disruption. Shift and/or night work generally decreases the time spent sleeping, and it disrupts the circadian time structure. In the long run, this desynchronization is detrimental to health, as underscored by a large number of epidemiological studies that have uncovered elevated rates of several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular risks, obesity, mood disorders and age-related macular degeneration. It amounts to a public health issue in the light of the very substantial number of individuals involved. The IARC has classified shift work in group 2A of "probable carcinogens to humans" since "they involve a circadian disorganization". Countermeasures to the effects of ALAN, such as melatonin, bright light, or psychotropic drugs, have been proposed as a means to combat circadian clock disruption and improve adaptation to shift and night work. We review the evidence for the ALAN impacts on health. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of an in-depth mechanistic understanding to combat the detrimental properties of exposure to ALAN and develop strategies of prevention.
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272
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Adams RJ, Appleton SL, Taylor AW, Gill TK, Lang C, McEvoy RD, Antic NA. Sleep health of Australian adults in 2016: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey. Sleep Health 2017; 3:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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273
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Anothaisintawee T, Lertrattananon D, Thamakaison S, Knutson KL, Thakkinstian A, Reutrakul S. Later chronotype is associated with higher hemoglobin A1c in prediabetes patients. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:393-402. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1279624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dumrongrat Lertrattananon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sangsulee Thamakaison
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kristen L. Knutson
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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274
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Beijamini F, Knutson KL, Lorenzi-Filho G, Egan KJ, Taporoski TP, De Paula LKG, Negrão AB, Horimoto ARVR, Duarte NE, Vallada H, Krieger JE, Pedrazzoli M, Pereira AC, von Schantz M. Timing and quality of sleep in a rural Brazilian family-based cohort, the Baependi Heart Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39283. [PMID: 28008932 PMCID: PMC5180217 DOI: 10.1038/srep39283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is modulated by several factors, including sex, age, and chronotype. It has been hypothesised that contemporary urban populations are under pressure towards shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality. Baependi is a small town in Brazil that provides a window of opportunity to study the influence of sleep patterns in a highly admixed rural population with a conservative lifestyle. We evaluated sleep characteristics, excessive daytime sleepiness, and chronotype using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire questionnaires, respectively. The sample consisted of 1,334 subjects from the Baependi Heart study (41.5% male; age: 46.5 ± 16.2 y, range: 18-89 years). Average self-reported sleep duration was 07:07 ± 01:31 (bedtime 22:32 ± 01:27, wake up time: 06:17 ± 01:25 hh:min), sleep quality score was 4.9 + 3.2, chronotype was 63.6 ± 10.8 and daytime sleepiness was 7.4 ± 4.8. Despite a shift towards morningness in the population, chronotype remained associated with reported actual sleep timing. Age and sex modulated the ontogeny of sleep and chronotype, increasing age was associated with earlier sleep time and shorter sleep duration. Women slept longer and later, and reported poorer sleep quality than men (p < 0.0001). This study provides indirect evidence in support of the hypothesis that sleep timing was earlier prior to full urbanisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Beijamini
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centre for Health Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - K. L. Knutson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - G. Lorenzi-Filho
- Sleep Laboratory, Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - K. J. Egan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - T. P. Taporoski
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L. K. G. De Paula
- Sleep Laboratory, Pulmonary Division, Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. B. Negrão
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. R. V. R. Horimoto
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N. E. Duarte
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - H. Vallada
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J. E. Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Pedrazzoli
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. C. Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. von Schantz
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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275
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Potter GDM, Skene DJ, Arendt J, Cade JE, Grant PJ, Hardie LJ. Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption: Causes, Metabolic Consequences, and Countermeasures. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:584-608. [PMID: 27763782 PMCID: PMC5142605 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian (∼24-hour) timing systems pervade all kingdoms of life and temporally optimize behavior and physiology in humans. Relatively recent changes to our environments, such as the introduction of artificial lighting, can disorganize the circadian system, from the level of the molecular clocks that regulate the timing of cellular activities to the level of synchronization between our daily cycles of behavior and the solar day. Sleep/wake cycles are intertwined with the circadian system, and global trends indicate that these, too, are increasingly subject to disruption. A large proportion of the world's population is at increased risk of environmentally driven circadian rhythm and sleep disruption, and a minority of individuals are also genetically predisposed to circadian misalignment and sleep disorders. The consequences of disruption to the circadian system and sleep are profound and include myriad metabolic ramifications, some of which may be compounded by adverse effects on dietary choices. If not addressed, the deleterious effects of such disruption will continue to cause widespread health problems; therefore, implementation of the numerous behavioral and pharmaceutical interventions that can help restore circadian system alignment and enhance sleep will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D M Potter
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Debra J Skene
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Arendt
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Cade
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Grant
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (G.D.M.P., L.J.H.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Chronobiology Section (D.J.S., J.A.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Nutritional Epidemiology Group (J.E.C.), School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; and Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research (P.J.G.), LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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276
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Disruption of adolescents’ circadian clock: The vicious circle of media use, exposure to light at night, sleep loss and risk behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 110:467-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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277
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Baron KG, Reid KJ, Kim T, Van Horn L, Attarian H, Wolfe L, Siddique J, Santostasi G, Zee PC. Circadian timing and alignment in healthy adults: associations with BMI, body fat, caloric intake and physical activity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:203-209. [PMID: 27795550 PMCID: PMC5296236 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Disruption of circadian rhythms is one of the proposed mechanisms linking late sleep timing to obesity risk but few studies have evaluated biological markers outside of the laboratory. The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between the timing and alignment of melatonin and sleep onset (phase angle) with BMI, body fat and obesity related behaviors. We hypothesized that circadian alignment (relationship of melatonin to sleep timing) rather than circadian (melatonin) timing would be associated with higher BMI, body fat, dietary intake and lower physical activity. Subjects/Methods Adults with sleep duration ≥6.5 hours completed 7 days of wrist actigraphy, food diaries and SenseWear arm band monitoring. Circadian timing, measured by dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured in the clinical research unit. Circadian alignment was calculated as the duration between dim light melatonin onset and average sleep onset time in the prior week (phase angle). Body fat was evaluated using dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA). Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations and multivariable regression analyses controlling for age, sex, sleep duration and evening light exposure. Results Participants included 97 adults (61 F, age 26.8 ± 7.3 years) with average sleep duration 443.7 (SD= 50.4) minutes. Average phase angle was 2.2 hours (SD= 1.5). Circadian alignment was associated with circadian timing (p<0.001) and sleep duration (p=.005). In multivariable analyses, later circadian timing was associated with lower BMI (p=.04). Among males only, circadian alignment was associated with percent body fat (p=.02) and higher android/gynoid fat ratio (p=0.04). Circadian alignment was associated with caloric intake (p=0.049) carbohydrate intake (p=0.04) and meal frequency (p=0.03) among both males and females. Conclusion Circadian timing and alignment were not associated with increased BMI or body fat, among healthy adults with ≥6.5 hours of sleep, but circadian alignment was associated with dietary intake. There may be sex differences in the relationship between circadian alignment and body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Baron
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Section of Sleep Disorders and Sleep Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K J Reid
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Kim
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Attarian
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Wolfe
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Siddique
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G Santostasi
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P C Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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278
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Malone SK, Zemel B, Compher C, Souders M, Chittams J, Thompson AL, Pack A, Lipman TH. Social jet lag, chronotype and body mass index in 14-17-year-old adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:1255-1266. [PMID: 27715325 PMCID: PMC5303560 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1196697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between sleep duration and obesity in adolescents is inconclusive. This may stem from a more complex relationship between sleep and obesity than previously considered. Shifts toward evening preferences, later sleep-wake times and irregular sleep-wake patterns are typical during adolescence but their relationship to body mass index (BMI) has been relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study examined associations between sleep duration, midpoint of sleep and social jet lag (estimated from 7 days of continuous actigraphy monitoring), and morningness/eveningness with BMIs (BMI z-scores) and waist-to-height ratios in 14-17-year-old adolescents. Seventy participants were recruited from ninth and tenth grades at a public high school. Participants' characteristics were as follows: 74% female, 75% post-pubertal, 36% Hispanic, 38% White, 22% Black, 4% Asian and 64% free/reduced lunch participants with a mean age of 15.5 (SD, 0.7). Forty-one percent of the participants were obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile); 54% were abdominally obese (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5). Multivariable general linear models were used to estimate the association between the independent variables (school night sleep duration, free night sleep duration, midpoint of sleep (corrected), social jet lag and morningness/eveningness) and the dependent variables (BMI z-scores and waist-to-height ratios). Social jet lag is positively associated with BMI z-scores (p < 0.01) and waist-to-height ratios (p = 0.01). Midpoint of sleep (corrected) is positively associated with waist-to-height ratios (p = 0.01). After adjusting for social jet lag, school night sleep duration was not associated with waist-to-height ratios or BMI z-scores. Morningness/eveningness did not moderate the association between sleep duration and BMI z-scores. Findings from this study suggest that chronobiological approaches to preventing and treating obesity may be important for accelerating progress in reducing obesity rates in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kohl Malone
- a School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
- d Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Babette Zemel
- b Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
- c The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Charlene Compher
- a School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Margaret Souders
- a School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
- c The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jesse Chittams
- a School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | | | - Allan Pack
- d Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Terri H Lipman
- a School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
- c The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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279
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Dijk DJ. Sleep, rhythms and metabolism: too many links to be ignored. J Sleep Res 2016; 25:379-80. [PMID: 27503601 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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280
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Burgess HJ, Emens JS. Circadian-Based Therapies for Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2016; 2:158-165. [PMID: 27990327 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-016-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent developments relevant to the treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. The clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders is described, followed by recent treatment studies for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, non-24 hour sleep-wake disorder, irregular sleep-wake disorder and shift work. New methods to estimate circadian phase, including home saliva collection to estimate the dim light melatonin onset, circadian questionnaires and general rules to guide light and exogenous melatonin treatments are described. New developments in light treatment are detailed, including light flashes during sleep and wearable light devices. Substances such as caffeine and alcohol, and devices such as electronic tablets are also considered for their potential to shift circadian timing. Finally, an update on melatonin supplements in the US is discussed, along with the controversy surrounding the use of melatonin supplements in patients with prediabetes or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Burgess
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Blvd., Suite 425, Chicago, Illinois 60612. Ph. 312-563-4785 Fax. 312-563-4900
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- Departments of Psychiatry & Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital, Rd. P3-PULM, Portland, Oregon 97239. Ph. 503-402-2841 Fax. 503-273-5033
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281
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Basnet S, Merikanto I, Lahti T, Männistö S, Laatikainen T, Vartiainen E, Partonen T. Associations of common chronic non-communicable diseases and medical conditions with sleep-related problems in a population-based health examination study. Sleep Sci 2016; 9:249-254. [PMID: 28123670 PMCID: PMC5241609 DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional population-based survey, the National FINRISK 2012 Study, designed to monitor chronic diseases and their risk factors in Finland. A random sample of 10,000 adults aged 25-74 years, and of them, 64% (n=6424) participated the study. Participants subjectively reported the total durations for sleep and naps (n=6238), sleep quality (n=5878), bedtimes and wake-up times separately for working days and weekends yielding the amount of sleep debt (n=5878), and the seasonal variation in sleep duration (n=4852). The participants were asked whether they were diagnosed or treated for common chronic diseases in the past 12 months. Logistic regression models were adopted to analysis and adjusted for a range of covariates as potential confounding factors. Total sleep duration and nap duration prolonged in depression and other mental disorder (p<.001 for all). Seasonal variation in sleep duration was associated with depression (p=.014), hypertension (p=.018) and angina pectoris (p=.024). Participants with gallstones, cardiac insufficiency, depression, or degenerative arthritis had poor sleep quality (odds ratios of 1.6-6.3, p=.001 or less for each). Those with degenerative arthritis had sleep debt less (p<.05) and those with angina pectoris more (p<.05) than individuals without these medical conditions. Depression is significantly associated with sleep problems, albeit no sleep debt. Cardiovascular diseases, degenerative arthritis, and gallstones had significant associations with one or more sleep problems. There is therefore a need for more successful management of sleep problems in chronic diseases to improve the quality of life, to reduce treatment relapses, and to increase health and longevity in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaron Basnet
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Lahti
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Hospital District of North Karelia, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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282
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Fabbian F, Zucchi B, De Giorgi A, Tiseo R, Boari B, Salmi R, Cappadona R, Gianesini G, Bassi E, Signani F, Raparelli V, Basili S, Manfredini R. Chronotype, gender and general health. Chronobiol Int 2016; 33:863-82. [PMID: 27148626 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1176927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light-dark alternation has always been the strongest external circadian "zeitgeber" for humans. Due to its growing technological preference, our society is quickly transforming toward a progressive "eveningness" (E), with consequences on personal circadian preference (chronotype), depending on gender as well. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence of possible relationships between chronotype and gender, with relevance on disturbances that could negatively impact general health, including daily life aspects. METHODS Electronic searches of the published literature were performed in the databases MEDLINE and Web of Science, by using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), when available, or other specific keywords. RESULTS Results were grouped into four general areas, i.e. (a) "General and Cardiovascular Issues", (b) "Psychological and Psychopathological Issues", (c) "Sleep and Sleep-Related Issues" and (d) "School and School-Related Issues". (a) E is associated with unhealthy and dietary habits, smoking and alcohol drinking (in younger subjects) and, in adults, with diabetes and metabolic syndrome; (b) E is associated with impulsivity and anger, depression, anxiety disorders and nightmares (especially in women), risk taking behavior, use of alcohol, coffee and stimulants, psychopathology and personality traits; (c) E has been associated, especially in young subjects, with later bedtime and wake-up time, irregular sleep-wake schedule, subjective poor sleep, school performance and motivation, health-related quality of life; (d) E was associated with lowest mood and lower overall grade point average (especially for women). CONCLUSIONS Eveningness may impact general health, either physical or mental, sleep, school results and achievements, especially in younger age and in women. The role of family support is crucial, and parents should be deeply informed that abuse of technological devices during night hours may lead to the immature adjustment function of children's endogenous circadian pacemakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fabbian
- a School of Medicine , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,b Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Beatrice Zucchi
- a School of Medicine , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Alfredo De Giorgi
- a School of Medicine , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,b Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Ruana Tiseo
- b Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Erika Bassi
- b Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fulvia Signani
- c Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale of Ferrara & University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Manfredini
- a School of Medicine , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy.,b Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria , Ferrara , Italy
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Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Circadian System and Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Physiology and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:282-293. [PMID: 27079518 PMCID: PMC4842150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system serves one of the most fundamental properties present in nearly all organisms: it generates 24-h rhythms in behavioral and physiological processes and enables anticipating and adapting to daily environmental changes. Recent studies indicate that the circadian system is important in regulating the daily rhythm in glucose metabolism. Disturbance of this circadian control or of its coordination relative to the environmental/behavioral cycle, such as in shift work, eating late, or due to genetic changes, results in disturbed glucose control and increased type 2 diabetes risk. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying glucose regulation by the circadian system and its disturbance may help in the development of therapeutic interventions against the deleterious health consequences of circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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284
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Gooley JJ. How Much Day-To-Day Variability in Sleep Timing Is Unhealthy? Sleep 2016; 39:269-70. [PMID: 26888455 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Gooley
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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