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Soni A, Pandiyan P, Elumalai P. Effective Treatment of Curry (Murraya koenigii) and Moringa (Moringa oleifera) Leaves Extracts on Melanosis of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Chilled Storage. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2021.1988792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Soni
- Department of Fish Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Praveenkumar Pandiyan
- Department of Fish Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology (Biochemistry), Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, India
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252
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More GK, Meddows-Taylor S, Prinsloo G. Metabolomic Profiling of Antioxidant Compounds in Five Vachellia Species. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206214. [PMID: 34684798 PMCID: PMC8539452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Vachellia, previously known as Acacia, belongs to the family Fabaceae, subfamily Leguminosae, which are flowering plants, commonly known as thorn trees. They are traditionally used medicinally in various countries including South Africa for the treatment of ailments such as fever, sore throat, Tuberculosis, convulsions and as sedatives. The aim of this study was to determine biochemical variations in five Vachellia species and correlate their metabolite profiles to antioxidant activity using a chemometric approach. The antioxidant activity of five Vachellia aqueous-methanolic extracts were analyzed using three methods: 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) analysis and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay by means of serial dilution and bioautography with the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method. Amongst the Vachellia extracts tested, V. karroo, V. kosiensis and V. xanthophloea demonstrated the highest DPPH, ABTS+ and FRAP inhibitory activity. The antioxidant activities of DPPH were higher than those obtained by ABTS+, although these values varied among the Vachellia species. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), coupled with multivariate statistical modeling tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), were performed to profile metabolites responsible for the observed activity. The OPLS-DA categorized the five Vachellia species, separating them into two groups, with V. karroo, V. kosiensis and V. xanthophloea demonstrating significantly higher radical scavenging activity than V. tortilis and V. sieberiana, which clustered together to form another group with lower radical scavenging activity. Annotation of metabolites was carried out using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS), and it tentatively identified 23 metabolites of significance, including epigallocatechin (m/z = 305.0659), methyl gallate (m/z = 183.0294) and quercetin (m/z = 301.0358), amongst others. These results elucidated the metabolites that separated the Vachellia species from each other and demonstrated their possible free radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garland Kgosi More
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephen Meddows-Taylor
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa;
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253
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Identifying Potential Antioxidant Properties from the Viscera of Sea Snails ( Turbo cornutus). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100567. [PMID: 34677466 PMCID: PMC8539058 DOI: 10.3390/md19100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Turbo cornutus, the horned turban sea snail, is found along the intertidal and basaltic shorelines of Jeju Island, Korea. T. cornutus feeds on seaweeds (e.g., Undaria sp., and Ecklonia sp.) composed of diverse antioxidants. This study identified potential antioxidant properties from T. cornutus viscera tissues. Diverse extracts were evaluated for their hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activities. T. cornutus viscera protamex-assisted extracts (TVP) were purified by gel filtration chromatography (GFC), and potential antioxidant properties were analyzed for their amino acid sequences and its peroxidase inhibition effects by in silico molecular docking and in vitro analysis. According to the results, T. cornutus viscera tissues are composed of many protein contents with each over 50%. Among the extracts, TVP possessed the highest H2O2 scavenging activity. In addition, TVP-GFC-3 significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased cell viability in H2O2-treated HepG2 cells without cytotoxicity. TVP-GFC-3 comprises nine low molecular bioactive peptides (ELR, VGPQ, TDY, ALPHA, PAH, VDY, WSDK, VFSP, and FAPQY). Notably, the peptides dock to the active site of the myeloperoxidase (MPO), especially TDY and FAPQY showed the MPO inhibition effects with IC50 values of 646.0 ± 45.0 µM and 57.1 ± 17.7 µM, respectively. Altogether, our findings demonstrated that T. cornutus viscera have potential antioxidant properties that can be used as high value-added ingredients.
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254
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Keshavarzi Z, Amiresmaili S, Shahrokhi N, Bibak B, Shakeri F. Neuroprotective effects of auraptene following traumatic brain injury in male rats: The role of oxidative stress. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:203-209. [PMID: 34624461 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is widely acknowledged as a significant risk factor for death and disability. Our goal in this experiment was to see if Auraptene (AUR) could help rats recover from TBI-induced disability by measuring of oxidative stress parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of six groups: sham, TBI, Vehicle (DMSO), TBI+ AUR (4 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (8 mg/kg), TBI + AUR (25 mg/kg). The animals were anesthetized. After that, diffuse TBI was done by Marmarou model in male rats. Then, the brain tissues were harvested. Some of oxidative stress parameters, and TNFα levels were evaluated. RESULTS TBI-induced brain damage was significantly inhibited by AUR (25 mg/kg), as evidenced by decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels, oxidative stress inhibition and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the brain. CONCLUSION This study showed that probably the AUR prevents complications of TBI through decreases in brain edema, modulating oxidative stress, and reductions in the levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahram Bibak
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Farzane Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
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255
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Kurokawa H, Taninaka A, Shigekawa H, Matsui H. The cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide is enhanced in combination with monascus pigment. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:131-136. [PMID: 34616104 PMCID: PMC8482379 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus pigment is derived from red-mold rice fermented by monascus purpureus and utilized as a natural coloring agent and natural food additive in East Asia. Monascus pigment works as a radical scavenger. Some antioxidant combine cancer chemotherapy to protect normal tissue because chemotherapy induce side effect for normal tissue. This combination therapy can attenuate the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs by antioxidants effects. However, the effect of this combination therapy for cancer cells dose not investigate enough. In this study, we investigated the combination effect of antioxidants and anticancer drugs. We selected an antioxidant as monascus pigment and following four anticancer drugs: doxorubicin, tamoxifen, paclitaxicel, and cyclophosphamide. Combination treatment with monascus pigment and cyclophosphamide enhanced the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide. Moreover, this combination treatment accelerated apoptosis. The spot on TLC assay board of the monascus pigment and cyclophosphamide mixture is different from the spot of monascus pigment alone and cyclophosphamide alone. The interaction between monascus pigment and cyclophosphamide can produce some cytotoxicity compounds or accelerate intracellular cyclophosphamide accumulation. Hence, we concluded that the interaction of both cyclophosphamide and monascus pigment involved enhancement of cyclophosphamide cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kurokawa
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Taninaka
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hidemi Shigekawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Algae Biomass Research and Development, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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256
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Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Unexplored Plant Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 12 extracts of Rhinanthus angustifolius subsp. grandiflorus, an understudied hemiparasitic species, were obtained using different extraction techniques, namely, homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), maceration (MAC), soxhlet (SOX), infusion, and solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and water), and were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and enzyme-inhibiting properties. Additionally, untargeted profiling based on high-resolution mass spectrometry targeted different phytochemical classes, namely, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using methanol as the extraction solvent. Multivariate statistics following the untargeted profiling revealed that the extraction solvent had a hierarchically higher impact than the extraction method when considering the recovery of bioactive compounds. The methanolic extracts displayed the highest radical-scavenging antioxidant capacity, as provided by CUPRAC and FRAP assays. On the other hand, the water extracts (MAC and HAE) and the infusion extract showed the highest activity as metal chelators (25.66–27.51 mg EDTAE/g). Similarly, the water extract obtained by HAE and the infusion extract revealed the highest phosphomolybdenum activity (3.92 ± 0.14 and 3.71 ± 0.01 mmol TE/g, respectively). The different extracts also exhibited different enzyme inhibition potentials. For instance, HAE and MAC ethanolic extracts inhibited only α-amylase (0.69 ± 0.01 and 0.70 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g), while all the other extracts showed a dual inhibition against both carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes tested (i.e., α-amylase: 0.07–0.69 mmol ACAE/g; α-glucosidase: 0.03–1.30 mmol ACAE/g). Nevertheless, the other extracts inhibited acetyl-, butyryl-cholinesterases, or both; MAC–water extract displayed no inhibition against the enzymes. Additionally, all the studied extracts were found to inhibit tyrosinase, ranging from 10.62 to 52.80 mg KAE/g. In general, the water extracts showed weaker inhibition towards the enzymes than the other extracts. This study demonstrated that R. angustifolius is an excellent source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors that could be further investigated and exploited for pharmaceutical purposes.
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257
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Rizi MR, Azizi A, Sayyari M, Mirzaie-Asl A, Conti L. Increased phenylpropanoids production in UV-B irradiated Salvia verticillata as a consequence of altered genes expression in young leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:174-184. [PMID: 34365288 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation as an environmental potential elicitor induces the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. The effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthetic pigments and dry weight, biochemical and molecular features of old and young leaves of Salvia verticillata were investigated. Plants were exposed to 10.97 kJ m-2 day-1 of biologically effective UV-B radiation for up to 10 days. The sampling process was performed in four steps: 1, 5, 10, and 13 days (recovery time) after the start of irradiation. As a result of plant investment in primary and secondary metabolism, the production of phenolic compounds increased, while chlorophyll levels and leaf dry weight (%) declined. Under long-term UV-B exposure, young leaves exhibited the most significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b content and leaf dry weight. The highest level of total phenol (1.34-fold) and flavonoid concentration (2-fold) relative to the control was observed on the 5th day and recovery time, respectively. Young leaves demonstrated the highest amount of phenolic acids in recovery time. Young leaves on the 5th day of the experiment exerted the highest level of antioxidant activity when compared to the control. A positive correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and the amount of phenolic compounds. Regarding the expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, UV-B enhanced the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine aminotransferase, and rosmarinic acid synthase with the highest level in young leaves on the 10th day. Overall, young leaves of S. verticillata indicated higher sensitivity to UV-B radiation and developed more tangible reactions to such radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Azizi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sayyari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Lucio Conti
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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258
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Muflihah YM, Gollavelli G, Ling YC. Correlation Study of Antioxidant Activity with Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in 12 Indonesian Indigenous Herbs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101530. [PMID: 34679665 PMCID: PMC8533117 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of selected Indonesian Zingiberaceae herbs were determined. An optimization extraction procedure was conducted by using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. Four chemical assays were applied, including 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, H2O2 scavenging activity assay, Folin-Ciocalteau (F-C) assay, and NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH assay, which revealed remarkable differences in AA, TPC, and TFC. The result indicated the diversity of AA composition among the herbs, and C. longa exhibited the highest AA. HPLC-PAD analysis revealed that curcumin was present in five high antioxidant herbs, and the highest amount was in C. longa. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the identified TPC and TFC were significant contributors to AA, and curcumin was likely the main contributing antioxidant compound. Our approach concluded that C. longa is the greatest source of natural antioxidants among 12 Indonesian indigenous Zingiberaceae herbs. The use of a mixed-method approach to augment the findings of solitary methods might facilitate future researchers to uncover deeper and hidden meanings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Maulidah Muflihah
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Jember 68132, Indonesia
| | - Ganesh Gollavelli
- Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Chemistry, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada 533437, India;
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-35-715-131 (ext. 33393); Fax: +886-35-727-774
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259
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Brito J, Hlushko H, Abbott A, Aliakseyeu A, Hlushko R, Sukhishvili SA. Integrating Antioxidant Functionality into Polymer Materials: Fundamentals, Strategies, and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41372-41395. [PMID: 34448558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While antioxidants are widely known as natural components of healthy food and drinks or as additives to commercial polymer materials to prevent their degradation, recent years have seen increasing interest in enhancing the antioxidant functionality of newly developed polymer materials and coatings. This paper provides a critical overview and comparative analysis of multiple ways of integrating antioxidants within diverse polymer materials, including bulk films, electrospun fibers, and self-assembled coatings. Polyphenolic antioxidant moieties with varied molecular architecture are in the focus of this Review, because of their abundance, nontoxic nature, and potent antioxidant activity. Polymer materials with integrated polyphenolic functionality offer opportunities and challenges that span from the fundamentals to their applications. In addition to the traditional blending of antioxidants with polymer materials, developments in surface grafting and assembly via noncovalent interaction for controlling localization versus migration of antioxidant molecules are discussed. The versatile chemistry of polyphenolic antioxidants offers numerous possibilities for programmed inclusion of these molecules in polymer materials using not only van der Waals interactions or covalent tethering to polymers, but also via their hydrogen-bonding assembly with neutral molecules. An understanding and rational use of interactions of polyphenol moieties with surrounding molecules can enable precise control of concentration and retention versus delivery rate of antioxidants in polymer materials that are critical in food packaging, biomedical, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brito
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hanna Hlushko
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ashleigh Abbott
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Aliaksei Aliakseyeu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Raman Hlushko
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Svetlana A Sukhishvili
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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260
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Jiménez-Monreal AM, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ, Murcia Tomás MA, Martínez-Tomé M. Antioxidant Activity in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata L.) Fed with Diet Supplemented with Moringa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091423. [PMID: 34573055 PMCID: PMC8467088 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilthead seabream is bred mainly in fish farms in the Mediterranean Sea. One important factor responsible for the deterioration of fish quality is lipid oxidation. Moringa oleifera leaves have been described as having high antioxidant content. This work investigates the effect of dietary supplementation with Moringa leaves on the antioxidant activity of seabream. Gilthead seabream specimens were divided into four groups, the control group (fed a commercial diet) and three other groups fed diets enriched with Moringa (5%, 10% and 15%). The antioxidant capacity was measured by assays of free radical scavenging (OH·, H2O2, lipoperoxyl and ABTS), Rancimat test and linoleic acid system in muscle and skin of gilthead seabream, commercial diet, enriched diet and Moringa. Finally, the polyphenol content of Moringa and the fatty acid composition of seabream fed diets with and without Moringa were determined. Results showed an increase in antioxidant activity in gilthead seabream fed with diets enriched with a higher percentage of Moringa; therefore, Moringa could be considered a functional ingredient in diets for fish bred in fish farms and. The antioxidant potential of Moringa leaves could be mainly attributed to the presence of polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M. Jiménez-Monreal
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.M.T.); (M.M.-T.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-887-985; Fax: +34-868-884-147
| | - Francisco A. Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.A.G.); (M.Á.E.)
| | - M. Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.A.G.); (M.Á.E.)
| | - M. Antonia Murcia Tomás
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.M.T.); (M.M.-T.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.M.T.); (M.M.-T.)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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261
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Liaotrakoon W, Liaotrakoon V, Hongtongsuk T. Effect of solid‐based feed concentration and water temperature on physicochemical, chlorophyll and antioxidative properties of
Pandanus amaryllifolius
leaf extract. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wijitra Liaotrakoon
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro‐Industry Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Thailand
| | - Vachiraya Liaotrakoon
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro‐Industry Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Thailand
| | - Thanatip Hongtongsuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro‐Industry Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Thailand
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262
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Sur D, Gorzo A, Sabarimurugan S, Krishnan SM, Lungulescu CV, Volovat SR, Burz C. A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Cancer Patients Receiving Anticancer Therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1511-1522. [PMID: 34488590 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The side effects of cancer treatment affect the quality of life. Cancer patients search for antioxidant dietary supplements and natural products during or after conventional cancer treatment for the alleviation of side effects, improvement of the benefits of treatment, and promotion of well-being. However, the efficacy and safety of these products remain controversial; moreover, previous data do not support the standardized use of those alternative treatments in clinics. The current study reviewed the manuscripts reporting the administration of antioxidants and natural products during cancer treatment and revised preclinical and clinical studies on various types of cancer. Most of the positive results were obtained from experimental animal models; however, human clinical studies are discouraging in this regard. Therefore, further precise and distinguishable studies are required regarding antioxidant dietary supplementation. Future studies are also needed to clarify dietary supplements' mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics in a suitable cancer patient population that will benefit the therapeutic regimens. Despite the popularity of dietary supplements, clinicians and patients should always consider their potential benefits and risks. Patients should discuss with their physician before taking any dietary antioxidant supplements or natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca. Romania
| | - Alecsandra Gorzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca. Romania
| | - Shanthi Sabarimurugan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009. Australia
| | - Saravana Murali Krishnan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046. India
| | | | - Simona Ruxandra Volovat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iași. Romania
| | - Claudia Burz
- Department of Medical Oncology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca. Romania
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263
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Anthocyanin Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial against Foodborne Pathogens Activities of Purple Rice Cultivars in Northern Thailand. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175234. [PMID: 34500669 PMCID: PMC8433650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Five glutinous purple rice cultivars and non-glutinous purple rice cultivated in different altitudes in the north of Thailand were collected. The samples were extracted using ethanol and determined for anthocyanins using HPLC. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities against foodborne pathogens were investigated. The highland glutinous cultivar named Khao’ Gam Luem-Phua (KGLP) extract had significantly high levels of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, TPC, and TFC, as well as exerting a potent antioxidant activity through ABTS assay (524.26 ± 4.63 VCEAC, mg l-ascorbic-ascorbic/g extract), lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 19.70 ± 0.31 µg/mL), superoxide anions (IC50 = 11.20 ± 0.25 µg/mL), nitric oxide (IC50 = 17.12 ± 0.56 µg/mL), a suppression effect on nitric oxide (IC50 = 18.32 ± 0.82 µg/mL), and an inducible nitric oxide synthase production (IC50 = 23.43 ± 1.21 µg/mL) in combined lipopolysaccharide-interferon-γ-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Additionally, KGLP also exhibited antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These results indicate that Thai glutinous purple rice cultivated on the highland could be a potent natural source of antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and antimicrobial agents for use as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient in functional food and nutraceutical products.
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LC-HRMS Profiling and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7588711. [PMID: 34435049 PMCID: PMC8380500 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7588711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd is a profoundly used traditional medicinal plant in Asia. Previous studies conducted in this plant are more confined to extract level. Even though bioassay-based studies indicated the true therapeutic potential of this plant, compound annotation was not performed extensively. This research is aimed at assessing the bioactivity of different solvent extracts of the plant followed by annotation of its phytoconstituents. Liquid chromatography equipped with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is deployed for the identification of secondary metabolites in various crude extracts. On activity level, its ethanolic extract showed the highest inhibition towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 67.8 ± 1 μg/mL and 10.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL respectively, inspected through the substrate-based method. On the other hand, the plant extract showed an antioxidant activity of 23.76 ± 1.57 μg/mL, measured through radical scavenging activity. Similarly, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of A. catechu showed significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZoI) of 13 and 14 mm, respectively. With the LC-HRMS-based dereplication strategy, we have identified 28 secondary metabolites belonging to flavonoid and phenolic categories. Identification of these metabolites from A. catechu and its biological implication also support the community-based usage of this plant and its medicinal value.
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265
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Stiller A, Garrison K, Gurdyumov K, Kenner J, Yasmin F, Yates P, Song BH. From Fighting Critters to Saving Lives: Polyphenols in Plant Defense and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8995. [PMID: 34445697 PMCID: PMC8396434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are a group of specialized metabolites in plants that largely aid in plant defense by deterring biotic stressors and alleviating abiotic stress. Polyphenols offer a wide range of medical applications, acting as preventative and active treatments for diseases such as cancers and diabetes. Recently, researchers have proposed that polyphenols may contribute to certain applications aimed at tackling challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the beneficial impacts of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, could potentially help prepare society for future pandemics. Thus far, most reviews have focused on polyphenols in cancer prevention and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the critical roles that polyphenols play in both plant chemical defense and human health based on the most recent studies while highlighting prospective avenues for future research, as well as the implications for phytochemical-based applications in both agricultural and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.S.); (K.G.); (K.G.); (J.K.); (F.Y.); (P.Y.)
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Poljak I, Vahčić N, Liber Z, Tumpa K, Pintar V, Zegnal I, Vidaković A, Valković B, Kajba D, Idžojtić M. Morphological and Chemical Diversity and Antioxidant Capacity of the Service Tree ( Sorbus domestica L.) Fruits from Two Eco-Geographical Regions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081691. [PMID: 34451736 PMCID: PMC8399663 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Service tree, Sorbus domestica L., is a rare and neglected wild fruit tree species of southern and central Europe. Being distributed in different eco-geographical regions, with fragmented and low-density populations, S. domestica represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within- and between-population diversity at geographical and environmental scales. This study aimed to analyze the proximate composition, antioxidant activity, and morphometric fruit characteristics. We examined the diversity and population divergences of 49 S. domestica individuals originating from seven populations across continental and Mediterranean eco-geographical regions. In addition, tests of isolation by distance and environment were performed to detect the magnitude of divergence explained by geographic and environmental variables. Significant differences between the studied populations were found in almost all of the studied morphometric and chemical fruit characteristics. The studied service tree populations were characterized by high phenotypic variation despite the low number of trees per population. Model-based population structure analysis using morphometric and chemical fruit characteristics revealed three groups of service tree populations. We concluded that non-effective pollen and seed dispersal along with genetic drift and specific environmental factors resulted in a distinct phenotype with a specific chemical composition in the isolated island population. In addition, a pattern of isolation by the environment was revealed. We infer that morphological and chemical differences between the studied populations in the true service tree from different eco-geographical regions were mediated by adaptation to the specific environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Poljak
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-235-2547
| | - Nada Vahčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Zlatko Liber
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 9a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Tumpa
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Valentino Pintar
- Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development, Institute for Environment and Nature, Nature Sector, Radnička Cesta 80, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ivana Zegnal
- Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno Naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia;
| | - Antonio Vidaković
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Bernarda Valković
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Davorin Kajba
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska Cesta 23, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (K.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (M.I.)
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267
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Phytochemical and Biological Screening of Leaf, Bark and Fruit Extracts from Ilex dipyrena Wall. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080837. [PMID: 34440580 PMCID: PMC8401985 DOI: 10.3390/life11080837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aquifoliaceae is an important family and has been used traditionally for some time. One of the members of this family is the Ilex dipyrena wall, which itself possesses a potential medicinal importance. This plant is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including pain, swelling, burns, and fever. The current study was designed to screen out the antioxidant and analgesic potential of this plant and to verify its traditional uses, along with its phytochemical profile. Extracts were subjected to antioxidant, analgesic, and phytochemical analysis using DPPH, chemical-induced (acetic acid and formalin) nociception models and GC-MS analysis, respectively. The leaf, bark, and fruit extracts showed significant antioxidant activity compared to that of standard. Likewise, all the extracts demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) analgesic activity in a mice model. In acetic acid induced analgesia, the leaf, bark, and fruit extracts caused 51.64, 56.13 and 59.52% inhibition, respectively at a dose of 100 mg/kg while at 200 mg/kg it showed 83.01, 71.69 and 75.47% inhibition, respectively. In Formalin-induced paw-licking assay, fruit extract showed 59.42 and 64.19% inhibition at 200 mg/kg dose in the first and second phase, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of cathinone, phenylpropanolamine, dl-phenylephrine, amphetamine, myristic acid, and palmitic acid. Results of the study suggest that crude extracts from different parts of this plant may be a useful source for the development of novel analgesics. However, further investigation in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds and their toxicological evaluations are needed to validate the observed results.
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268
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Duman B, Borekci S, Akdeniz N, Gazioglu SB, Deniz G, Gemicioglu B. Inhaled corticosteroids' effects on biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate and blood in patients newly diagnosed with asthma who smoke. J Asthma 2021; 59:1613-1620. [PMID: 34376110 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1962341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to cigarette smoke complicates the treatment and management of asthma through a variety of inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the differences between newly diagnosed cases of asthma in smokers and nonsmokers in terms of localized and systemic biomarkers following treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or ICS in combination with a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA). METHODS Specimens of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from newly diagnosed patients with asthma were used to quantify inflammation in the airways, while blood samples were used to assess systemic inflammation. In both samples, the levels of IL-6, LTB4, LTD4, and 8-isoprostane were measured and these were repeated after 3 months of treatment with ICS or ICS + LABA. RESULTS Of the 20 patients, 10 (50%) were nonsmokers with asthma (NSA) and 10 (50%) smokers with asthma (SA). There was no statistically significant difference in the blood or EBC levels of IL-6, LTB4, LTD4, or 8-isoprostane between the groups prior to treatment. Only the decrease in 8-isoprostane level in the EBC samples was found to be significantly greater in the NSA group after treatment (for smokers, the change was 2.91 ± 23.22, while for nonsmokers it was -22.72 ± 33.12, p = 0.022). Post-treatment asthma control was significantly better in the NSA group (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Monitoring the alterations in 8-isoprostane levels in EBC in patients with asthma who smoke may be helpful in deciding on therapeutic management and switching treatments. Asthma control was better in nonsmokers than in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Duman
- Bezmiâlem Vakıf University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sermin Borekci
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Akdeniz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bilgic Gazioglu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilun Gemicioglu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
➤ Oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor in many disease states, possibly including the diminished bone mineral density in osteoporosis. ➤ Understanding the effects of oxidative stress on the development of osteoporosis may lead to further research improving preventative and therapeutic measures that can combat this important contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. ➤ A diet rich in whole plant foods with high antioxidant content along with antioxidant-preserving lifestyle changes may improve bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fragility-related fractures. While it is not explicitly clear if antioxidant activity is the effector of this change, the current evidence supports this possibility. ➤ Supplementation with isolated antioxidants may also provide some osteoprotective benefits, but whole plant food-derived antioxidants potentially have more overall benefits. Larger-scale clinical trials are needed to give credence to definitive clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Kimball
- Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California
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270
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Kim MK, Choi YC, Cho SH, Choi JS, Cho YW. The Antioxidant Effect of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Aloe vera Peels for Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:561-571. [PMID: 34313971 PMCID: PMC8325744 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from plants have emerged as potential candidates for cosmetic and therapeutic applications. In this study, we isolated EVs from Aloe vera peels (A-EVs) and investigated the antioxidant and wound healing potential of A-EVs. METHODS A-EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and tangential flow filtration and were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis. The cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of A-EVs were investigated by WST-1 assay and flow cytometry. The antioxidant effect of A-EVs was evaluated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay. The wound healing potential was assessed by in vitro scratch assay using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HDF). The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and their associated genes was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS A-EVs displayed a round shape and had diameters from 50 to 200 nm. A-EVs showed good cytocompatibility on human skin cells and were internalized into HaCaT cells via clathrin-, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and membrane fusion. The SOD activity and CAA assays exhibited that A-EVs had antioxidant activity and reduced intracellular ROS levels in H2O2-treated HaCaT cells in a dose-dependent manner. A scratch assay showed that A-EVs enhanced the migration ability of HaCaT and HDF. Moreover, A-EVs significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, and SOD genes in H2O2-treated HaCaT cells. Our findings reveal that A-EVs could activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms and wound healing process via the Nrf2 activation. CONCLUSION Overall results suggest that the A-EVs are promising as a potential agent for skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kang Kim
- Exostemtech Inc., Education Research Industry Collaboration Complex (ERICC), Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chan Choi
- Exostemtech Inc., Education Research Industry Collaboration Complex (ERICC), Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Cho
- Exostemtech Inc., Education Research Industry Collaboration Complex (ERICC), Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Suk Choi
- Exostemtech Inc., Education Research Industry Collaboration Complex (ERICC), Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Woo Cho
- Exostemtech Inc., Education Research Industry Collaboration Complex (ERICC), Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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271
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Kavilasha V, Sasidharan S. Antiaging activity of polyphenol rich Calophyllum inophyllum L. fruit extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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272
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Cai ML, Ding WQ, Zhai JJ, Zheng XT, Yu ZC, Zhang QL, Lin XH, Chow WS, Peng CL. Photosynthetic compensation of non-leaf organ stems of the invasive species Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski at low temperature. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:121-134. [PMID: 32297101 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasion is a hot topic in ecological research. Most studies on the physiological mechanisms of plants focus on leaves, but few studies focus on stems. To study the tolerance of invasive plant (Sphagneticola trilobata L.) to low temperature, relevant physiological indicators (including anthocyanin and chlorophyll) in different organs (leaves and stems) were analyzed, using a native species (Sphagneticola calendulacea L.) as the control. The results showed that, upon exposure to low temperature for 15 days, the stems of two Sphagneticola species were markedly reddened, their anthocyanin content increased, chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the stem increased. The percentage increases of antioxidants and total antioxidant capacities in stems were significantly higher in S. trilobata than in S. calendulacea. This showed that S. trilobata had higher cold tolerance in stems while leaves were opposite. To further verify the higher cold tolerance of the stem of S. trilobata, a defoliation experiment was designed. We found that the defoliated stem of S. trilobata reduced anthocyanin accumulation and increased chlorophyll content, while alleviating membrane lipid damage and electrical conductivity, and the defoliated stem still showed an increase in stem diameter and biomass under low temperature. The discovery of the physiological and adaptive mechanisms of the stem of S. trilobata to low temperature will provide a theoretical basis for explaining how S. trilobata maintains its annual growth in South China. This is of great significance for predicting the future spread of cloned and propagated invasive plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ling Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wen-Qiao Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zheng-Chao Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qi-Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Chang-Lian Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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273
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Zhan C, Lao Z, Tang Y, Qiao Q, Wei G. Natural stereoisomeric flavonoids exhibit different disruptive effects and the mechanism of action on Aβ 42 protofibril. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4267-4270. [PMID: 33913990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our simulations reveal that two enantiomeric catechins display a better disruptive effect on Aβ42 protofibril than their stereoisomer epicatechin. Unexpectedly, we find that catechins adopt both collapsed and extended states, while epicatechin populates only an extended state. Their different protofibril-disruptive effects are mostly attributed to the steric effect caused by the conformational differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chendi Zhan
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zenghui Lao
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Qiao
- Digital Medical Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Science (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China.
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274
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Mad Nasir N, Ezam Shah NS, Zainal NZ, Kassim NK, Faudzi SMM, Hasan H. Combination of Molecular Networking and LC-MS/MS Profiling in Investigating the Interrelationships between the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Curculigo latifolia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081488. [PMID: 34451533 PMCID: PMC8401502 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Curculigo is a potent plant with a variety of traditional uses, such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, and wound-healing. The comprehensive profiling of the Curculigolatifolia metabolome was carried out by generating a molecular network (MN) from Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) data to profile the methanol extract and correlating them with their antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), total phenolic contents (TPC), and β-carotene) and antimicrobial (disk-diffusion agar method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)) properties. The antioxidant capacity was observed to be significantly higher in the rhizome crude extract, with 18.10 ± 0.91 µg/mL DPPH activity, and a β-carotene bleaching result of 35.20%. For the antimicrobial activity, the leaf crude extract exhibited a strong Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella choleraesuis (8-15 ± 3.0 mm) inhibition in the disk-diffusion agar. The leaf extract also exhibited maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = ±0.25 mg/mL, MBC = ±0.25 mg/mL) and S. choleraesuis (MIC = ±0.25 mg/mL, MBC = ±0.25 mg/mL). LC-MS/MS analysis and MN revealed norlignans and phenolic glycosides as major metabolites in the rhizome and leaf extracts of the negative mode (M - H)-. Fourteen known compounds were identified, and three unknown compounds were putatively identified in the rhizome extract, while ten known compounds and six unknown compounds were putatively identified in the leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Mad Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.E.S.); (N.Z.Z.); (N.K.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Nur Syafiqah Ezam Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.E.S.); (N.Z.Z.); (N.K.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Nurul Zulaikha Zainal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.E.S.); (N.Z.Z.); (N.K.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Nur Kartinee Kassim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.E.S.); (N.Z.Z.); (N.K.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
| | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.E.S.); (N.Z.Z.); (N.K.K.); (S.M.M.F.)
- Institute Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanan Hasan
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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275
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Drishya S, Dhanisha SS, Guruvayoorappan C. Antioxidant-rich fraction of Amomum subulatum fruits mitigates experimental methotrexate-induced oxidative stress by regulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13855. [PMID: 34250612 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The culinary spice Amomum subulatum was assessed for its phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant potential, and in vivo ameliorating effect against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicities. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of A. subulatum dry fruits (MEAS) confirmed the presence of different bioactive secondary metabolites. MEAS scavenged reactive free radicals and inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro. To confirm the antioxidant efficiency of MEAS, in vivo experiment was carried out in which MTX was administered to induce oxidative stress. Co-administration of MEAS reduced MTX-induced hepatic, renal, and pulmonary toxicities via significantly (p < .01) enhancing antioxidant status and reducing oxidative stress. MTX treatment significantly (p < .01) increased liver and kidney toxicity markers and increased proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels. However, co-administration of MEAS significantly (p < .01) reduced their levels, and tissue histopathology confirmed the protective effect of MEAS in maintaining normal tissue architecture following MTX treatment. Protective effect of MEAS is accredited to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by bioactive compounds in MEAS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Amomum subulatum (Black cardamom) is a folkloric and culinary spice used for its organoleptic, nutritional, and medicinal properties. This study demonstrated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of A. subulatum dry fruits (MEAS). Toxicities associated with MTX therapy limit its clinical application. MEAS attenuated methotrexate-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and associated organ damages, suggesting the possible therapeutic application of A. subulatum in reducing oxidative stress and associated diseases. Our results showed that A. subulatum is a potential functional food, which may be used for the betterment of health due to its richness in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarsanan Drishya
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh Sulekha Dhanisha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus (Research Centre, University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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276
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Begum R, Howlader S, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Rafiquzzaman SM, Ashraf GM, Albadrani GM, Sayed AA, Peluso I, Abdel-Daim MM, Uddin MS. Antioxidant and Signal-Modulating Effects of Brown Seaweed-Derived Compounds against Oxidative Stress-Associated Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9974890. [PMID: 34336128 PMCID: PMC8289617 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9974890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The biological and therapeutic properties of seaweeds have already been well known. Several studies showed that among the various natural marine sources of antioxidants, seaweeds have become a potential source of antioxidants because of their bioactive compounds. Most of the metabolic diseases are caused by oxidative stress. It is very well known that antioxidants have a pivotal role in the treatment of those diseases. Recent researches have revealed the potential activity of seaweeds as complementary medicine, which have therapeutic properties for health and disease management. Among the seaweeds, brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) and their derived bioactive substances showed excellent antioxidant properties than other seaweeds. This review focuses on brown seaweeds and their derived major bioactive compounds such as sulfated polysaccharide, polyphenol, carotenoid, and sterol antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms in the case of the oxidative stress-originated disease. Antioxidants have a potential role in the modification of stress-induced signaling pathways along with the activation of the oxidative defensive pathways. This review would help to provide the basis for further studies to researchers on the potential antioxidant role in the field of medical health care and future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahima Begum
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Saurav Howlader
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaco Genomics Research Centre (PGRC), Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A. N. M. Mamun-Or-Rashid
- Anti-Aging Medical Research Center and Glycative Stress Research Center, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - S. M. Rafiquzzaman
- Department of Fisheries Biology & Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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277
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Mondal M, Hossen MS, Rahman MA, Saha S, Sarkar C, Bhoumik NC, Kundu SK. Antioxidant mediated protective effect of Bridelia tomentosa leaf extract against carbofuran induced oxidative hepatic toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1369-1380. [PMID: 34285883 PMCID: PMC8278150 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bridelia tomentosa is a traditional medicinal plant that is used against colitis, traumatic injury, diarrhea, and diabetes. Gallic acid, Tannic acid, salicylic acid, and naringin were isolated from the leaf of B. tomentosa for the first time. B. tomentosa extract amended serum biochemical markers, MDA levels, and improved the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds of the B. tomentosa can be used as nutraceuticals for treating oxidative hepatic ailments.
Bridelia tomentosa (B. tomentosa) is a traditional medicinal plant for treating diverse ailments. Hence, we designed our study to scrutinize the protective effect of the methanol extract of B. tomentosa leaf (BTL) against carbofuran-induced oxidative stress-mediated hepato-toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats for the first time, along with the identification and quantification of phenolic acids and flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of antioxidant and antiradical activities of this extract. HPLC analysis confirmed the existence of tannic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, and naringin in B. tomentosa leaf extract which showed in-vitro antioxidant potentialities with DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging properties. Co-administration of B. tomentosa leaf extract with carbofuran showed dose-dependent significant protective effects of hepatic toxicity on serum markers such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulin, lipid profile, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Carbofuran intoxication also revealed an upsurge in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decline in cellular endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels in rats compared with the control group. However, B. tomentosa leaf extract co-treatment increased the levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and amended the MDA level. Similarly, histopathological evaluation further assured that BTL could keep the hepatocyte from carbofuran-induced damage. Therefore, all of our findings may conclude that the phenolic acids and flavonoids of B. tomentosa leaf extract are responsible to neutralize the toxic free radical-mediated oxidative hepatic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Md. Sakib Hossen
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, Banani, 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sushmita Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Nikhil Chandra Bhoumik
- Wazed Miah Science Research Centre, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Sukalyan Kumar Kundu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
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278
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Obtaining Antioxidants and Natural Preservatives from Food By-Products through Fermentation: A Review. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Industrial food waste has potential for generating income from high-added-value compounds through fermentation. Solid-state fermentation is promising to obtain a high yield of bioactive compounds while requiring less water for the microorganism’s growth. A number of scientific studies evinced an increase in flavonoids or phenolics from fruit or vegetable waste and bioactive peptides from cereal processing residues and whey, a major waste of the dairy industry. Livestock, fish, or shellfish processing by-products (skin, viscera, fish scales, seabass colon, shrimp waste) also has the possibility of generating antioxidant peptides, hydrolysates, or compounds through fermentation. These bioactive compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, or antioxidant peptides) resulting from bacterial or fungal fermentation are also capable of inhibiting the growth of commonly occurring food spoilage fungi and can be used as natural preservatives. Despite the significant release or enhancement of antioxidant compounds through by-products fermentation, the surface areas of large-scale bioreactors and flow patterns act as constraints in designing a scale-up process for improved efficiency. An in-process purification method can also be the most significant contributing factor for raising the overall cost. Therefore, future research in modelling scale-up design can contribute towards mitigating the discard of high-added-value generating residues. Therefore, in this review, the current knowledge on the use of fermentation to obtain bioactive compounds from food by-products, emphasizing their use as natural preservatives, was evaluated.
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279
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Olofinsan KA, Salau VF, Erukainure OL, Islam MS. Ocimum tenuiflorum mitigates iron-induced testicular toxicity via modulation of redox imbalance, cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions, and glucose metabolizing enzymes activities. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14179. [PMID: 34228819 DOI: 10.1111/and.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a primary culprit in the pathophysiology of infertility conditions in males. This study investigated the effects of Ocimum tenuiflorum on redox imbalance, cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions and glucose dysmetabolism in oxidative-mediated testicular toxicity using in vitro, ex vivo and in silico models. Induction of oxidative testicular injury was carried out by incubating normal testicular tissue with 0.1 mM FeSO4 and treated by co-incubating with different concentrations of O. tenuiflorum infusion for 30 min at 37°C. O. tenuiflorum displayed significant ferric reducing power activity while scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl (OH˙) free radicals in vitro. Oxidative testicular injury significantly reduced the glutathione level and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities with concomitant elevation of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and acetylcholinesterase, ATPase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP) activities. Incubation with the infusion significantly reversed these levels and activities. The phytochemical constituent of the infusion was detected by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis and revealed favourable binding energies when docked with some of the studied proteins. These results suggest O. tenuiflorum exerts a protective effect against Fe2+ induced testicular toxicity via mitigation of redox imbalance while modulating metabolic dysfunctions linked to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Veritas University, Bwari, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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280
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Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Two Endemic Onosma Species. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071373. [PMID: 34371578 PMCID: PMC8309465 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Onosma species have been used as a dye for hundreds of years due to their dark red pigments. These species have also been used by mankind in the treatment of various diseases since ancient times. This work analyzed the phytochemical composition in methanol extract of two endemic Onosma species (O. lycaonica and O. papillosa). Methanolic extract of these species varied in the content of flavonoids and phenolics. The flavonoids were found higher in O. papillosa [32.9 ± 0.3 mg QEs (quercetin equivalent)/g extracts] while the phenolics were higher in O. lycaonica [43.5 ± 1.5 mg GAEs (gallic acid equivalent)/g extracts]. ESI-MS/MS (electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry) revealed the presence of 25 compounds in O. lycaonica and 24 compounds in O. papillosa. The former was richer than the latter for apigenin, luteolin, eriodictyol, pinoresinol, apigenin 7-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, luteolin 7-glucoside, ferulic acid, vanillin, caffeic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. The O. papillosa exhibited low EC50 (1.90 ± 0.07 mg/mL) which indicated its strong phosphomolybdenum scavenging activity as compared to O. lycaonica. However, the O. lycaonica showed low IC50 or EC50 for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+), cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferrous ion chelating activity, as compared to O. papillosa. The results proved the presence of potent antioxidant compounds in O. lycaonica. Further, the plant extracts significantly varied for enzyme inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), but the plant extracts did not significantly differ for inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase. Onosma species deserve further research towards developing novel drugs to treat oxidative diseases.
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281
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García-Martínez DJ, Arroyo-Hernández M, Posada-Ayala M, Santos C. The High Content of Quercetin and Catechin in Airen Grape Juice Supports Its Application in Functional Food Production. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071532. [PMID: 34359402 PMCID: PMC8306294 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring healthy lives and well-being constitutes one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 agenda. Consequently, research into how natural products may promote health is essential for the new generation of nutraceuticals and functional foods that are in high demand today. Grape juice is a natural foodstuff composed of water, sugars, minerals, vitamins and a wide array of polyphenols. Polyphenols are bioactive compounds of great interest due to their antioxidant properties and benefits to health, supporting antimicrobial, anti-aging, and anticarcinogenic activity. The majority of grape juice produced in the world is used for the production of wine, although a small part is used in the food industry, mainly in baby food and sports drinks. The aim of this work is to determine the polyphenol content in the natural and concentrated juice of Airen grapes, the main white grape variety produced in Spain. For this, fresh juices from five grape varietals (Airen, Sauvignon Blanc, Gewürztraminer, Verdejo and Tempranillo) and concentrated Airen juice were analyzed and compared. Results showed similar contents of phenolic acids and stilbenes in all grape varietals studied, although the Airen variety demonstrated a higher concentration of two flavonoids: quercetin and catechin. It can be concluded that the grape juice concentration process negatively affects the stability of these compounds, causing a reduction in the polyphenol content that ranges between 54–71%, with the exception of quercetin and catechin.
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282
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Guzzetti L, Panzeri D, Ulaszewska M, Sacco G, Forcella M, Fusi P, Tommasi N, Fiorini A, Campone L, Labra M. Assessment of Dietary Bioactive Phenolic Compounds and Agricultural Sustainability of an African Leafy Vegetable Corchorus olitorius L. Front Nutr 2021; 8:667812. [PMID: 34277680 PMCID: PMC8280468 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.667812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corchorus olitorius L. is an African leafy vegetable of high nutritional interest. To assess its agricultural suitability to sustainable cultivation conditions and its potential benefits for human nutrition, its phytochemical content in response to conservation agriculture practices [i.e., no-tillage (NT) and cover crop maintenance] and low water regime were evaluated and compared with response under conventional agriculture management. Hydric stress and NT did not affect the content of antioxidant metabolites, compared to conventional agricultural practices. In both conditions, leaves were found to be a great source of phenolic compounds. The effect of these phenolic fractions was assessed on two colon cell phenotypes to evaluate putative nutraceutical properties. Polyphenol-enriched extracts (PEEs) displayed selective cytotoxic activities against tumor Caco-2 cells but not on the healthy CCD841 line. PEEs were able to trigger oxidative stress and to inhibit the activity of glutathione-independent antioxidant enzymes on Caco-2 cells. C. olitorius showed to be a promising crop for improving both agricultural sustainability and health benefits due to the great amount of antioxidant compounds in leaves, whose occurrence is not altered by stressful farming conditions. Given its high adaptability, the cultivation of this crop is therefore recommendable also in the Mediterranean Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guzzetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Panzeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marynka Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Grazia Sacco
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Forcella
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Tommasi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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283
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Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071064. [PMID: 34209224 PMCID: PMC8301030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, an isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, including breast cancer. It suppresses the function of enzymes such as tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated kinase, and DNA polymerase II, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Genistein is the most biologically active and potent isoflavone candidate for cancer prevention. Furthermore, among the various physiological functions of isoflavones, they are best known for their antioxidant activities. S-Equol, a metabolite of genistein and daidzein, has strong antioxidative effects; however, the ability to metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based on racial and individual differences. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be effective in preventing dementia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. Genistein also reduces allergic responses by limiting the expression of mast cell IgE receptors, which are involved in allergic responses. In addition, they have been known to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. Further, it also has positive effects on menstrual irregularity in non-menopausal women and relieving menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption has shown steep increasing trend in Western countries where the intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 of that in Asian countries. In this review, I have dealt with the latest research trends that have shown substantial interest in the biological efficacy of isoflavones in humans and plants, and their related mechanisms.
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284
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Seo H, Lee SH, Park Y, Lee HS, Hong JS, Lim CY, Kim DH, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. (-)-Epicatechin-Enriched Extract from Camellia sinensis Improves Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1026. [PMID: 34202133 PMCID: PMC8300738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age represents an important source of frailty and functional decline in the elderly. Antioxidants from botanical extracts have been shown to enhance the development, mass, and strength of skeletal muscle by influencing age-related cellular and molecular processes. Tannase-treated green tea extract contains high levels of the antioxidants (-)-epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid that may have therapeutic benefits for age-related muscle decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannase-treated green tea extract on various muscle-related parameters, without concomitant exercise, in a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Administration of tannase-treated green tea extract (600 mg/day) for 12 weeks significantly increased isokinetic flexor muscle and handgrip strength in the treatment group compared with those in the placebo (control) group. In addition, the control group showed a significant decrease in arm muscle mass after 12 weeks, whereas no significant change was observed in the treatment group. Blood serum levels of follistatin, myostatin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol were analyzed, and the decrease in myostatin resulting from the administration of tannase-treated green tea extract was found to be related to the change in muscle mass and strength. In summary, oral administration of tannase-treated green tea extract containing antioxidants without concomitant exercise can improve muscle mass and strength and may have therapeutic benefits in age-related muscle function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Jeong Sup Hong
- Animal Center and Preclinical Evaluation Research Institute, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea;
| | - Cho Young Lim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
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285
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Marmitt DJ, Bitencourt S, da Silva GR, Rempel C, Goettert MI. Traditional plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials-A systematic review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5647-5667. [PMID: 34165846 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a trend toward the use of natural substances present in plants and vegetables. In general, foods rich in antioxidants are complex matrices; therefore, understanding its absorption effects is extremely relevant to know its bioactive potential. Thus, this systematic review focused on clinical trials involving plants (or compounds) registered on the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS) with antioxidant properties. Following the reporting guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes studies of interest indexed in the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were analyzed. Of the 59 clinical trials found, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa are the plant species with the highest percentage of clinical research. Prevention/attenuation of oxidative stress was one of the main antioxidant mechanisms indicated in the studies. The most tested compounds of the RENISUS plants in clinical trials were curcumin and soy isoflavone. In this review, we selected studies in advanced stages that highlight plants' value in optimizing antioxidant status; however, even with high-quality studies, it is not prudent to overstate the clinical efficacy of these plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diorge Jônatas Marmitt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Shanna Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Claudete Rempel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento/Programa de Pós-graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sustentáveis, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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Tudorachi NB, Totu EE, Fifere A, Ardeleanu V, Mocanu V, Mircea C, Isildak I, Smilkov K, Cărăuşu EM. The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:985. [PMID: 34205576 PMCID: PMC8233827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient's quality of life. The pathophysiology is not fully known; therefore, no specific treatment has been found to date. The increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of KOA is worrying, and it is essential to reduce the risk factors and detect those with a protective role in this context. The destructive effects of free radicals consist of the acceleration of chondrosenescence and apoptosis. Among other risk factors, the influence of redox imbalance on the homeostasis of the osteoarticular system is highlighted. The evolution of KOA can be correlated with oxidative stress markers or antioxidant status. These factors reveal the importance of maintaining a redox balance for the joints and the whole body's health, emphasizing the importance of an individualized therapeutic approach based on antioxidant effects. This paper aims to present an updated picture of the implications of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KOA from pathophysiological and biochemical perspectives, focusing on antioxidant systems that could establish the premises for appropriate treatment to restore the redox balance and improve the condition of patients with KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Bianca Tudorachi
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania; (N.B.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Eugenia Eftimie Totu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–5 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Fifere
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Valeriu Ardeleanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanța, Mamaia Boulevard 124, 900527 Constanța, Romania; (N.B.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Cornelia Mircea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Ibrahim Isildak
- Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgy, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
| | - Katarina Smilkov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Division of Pharmacy, Department of Applied Pharmacy, Goce Delcev University, Krste Misirkov Street, No. 10-A, 2000 Stip, North Macedonia;
| | - Elena Mihaela Cărăuşu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Nicolae Leon” Building, 13 Grigore Ghica Street, 700259 Iasi, Romania;
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287
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Tel-Çayan G, Deveci E, Çayan F, Molo Z, Duru ME, Yeşil Y. Chemometrics Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts of Chaerophyllum bulbosum Roots and Aerial Parts. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1930026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülsen Tel-Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ebru Deveci
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Molo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Yeter Yeşil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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288
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Green Tea Extract Enhances the Oxidative Stability of DHA-Rich Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060982. [PMID: 34205438 PMCID: PMC8235633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the most important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with proven health-promoting properties. However, oils with a very high content in DHA (DHAO) are extremely susceptible to oxidation, which affects shelf stability and limits incorporation in food products. Green tea extracts (GTE) are potential candidates for the protection of these oils, but their use in such oils has not been previously reported. This study investigated the effect of GTE (160 ppm, 400 ppm, 1000 ppm) and α-tocopherol (80 ppm, 200 ppm, 500 ppm) on the oxidative stability of a DHAO over a 9-week storage at 30 °C. The oxidative status was monitored during storage by the measurement of peroxide value (PV) and p-anisidine value (p-AV). Changes in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA content, as well as in catechins and tocopherol contents, were also evaluated. The addition of GTE enhanced the oxidative stability of DHAO by reducing the formation of peroxides and secondary oxidation products, whereas α-tocopherol had no significant effect on the PV of oil during storage but led to a significantly higher p-AV. The EPA and DHA content of DHAO was stable in GTE-supplemented samples whereas a decrease was observed in the control and α-tocopherol-supplemented samples. GTE also delayed the degradation of tocopherols initially present in the oil, while catechins resulting from the addition of GTE decreased progressively during the storage period.
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289
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Çayan F, Tel‐Çayan G, Deveci E, Duru ME. A comprehensive study on phenolic compounds and bioactive properties of five mushroom species via chemometric approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
| | - Gülsen Tel‐Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
| | - Ebru Deveci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Technical Sciences Vocational School Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
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290
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Rathod NB, Ranveer RC, Benjakul S, Kim SK, Pagarkar AU, Patange S, Ozogul F. Recent developments of natural antimicrobials and antioxidants on fish and fishery food products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4182-4210. [PMID: 34146459 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fish and fishery products (FFP) are highly perishable due to their high nutritional value and moisture content. The spoilage is mainly caused by microorganisms and chemical reactions, especially lipid oxidation, leading to losses in quality and market value. Microbiological and lipid deteriorations of fishery-derived products directly lower their nutritive value and pose the risk of toxicity for human health. Increasing demand for safe FFP brings about the preservation using additives from natural origins without chemical additives due to their safety and strict regulation. Antimicrobials and antioxidants from natural sources have exhibited an excellent control over the growth of microorganisms causing fish spoilage via different mechanisms. They also play a major role in retarding lipid oxidation by acting at various stages of oxidation. Antimicrobials and antioxidants from natural sources are usually regarded as safe with no detrimental effects on the quality attributes of FFP. This review provides recent literature on the different antioxidant and antimicrobial agents from natural sources, focusing on microbial and oxidative spoilage mechanisms, their inhibition system, and their applications to retard spoilage, maintain safety, and extend the shelf life of FFP. Their applications and benefits have been revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Killa-Roha, Raigad, Maharashtra, 402 116, India
| | - Rahul Chudaman Ranveer
- Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Killa-Roha, Raigad, Maharashtra, 402 116, India
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Se-Kwon Kim
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, College of Science & Technology Hanyang University Erica, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Asif Umar Pagarkar
- Marine Biological Research Station, (DBSKKV), Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, 415 612, India
| | - Surendra Patange
- Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management (Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth), Killa-Roha, Raigad, Maharashtra, 402 116, India
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, 01330, Turkey
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291
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Hsuan CF, Lee TL, Tseng WK, Wu CC, Chang CC, Ko TL, Chen YL, Houng JY. Glossogyne tenuifolia Extract Increases Nitric Oxide Production in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060577. [PMID: 34204249 PMCID: PMC8235410 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular nitric oxide (NO) system has a protective effect in atherosclerosis. NO is generated from the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the enzymatic action of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Compounds with the effect of enhancing eNOS expression are considered to be candidates for the prevention of atherosclerosis. In this study, extracts from the aerial, root, and whole plant of Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) were obtained with ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol extraction, respectively. The effects of these GT extracts on the synthesis of NO and the expression of eNOS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. NO production was determined as nitrite by colorimetry, following the Griess reaction. The treatment of HUVECs with EA extract from the root of GT and n-hexane, methanol, and ethanol extract from the aerial, root, and whole plant of GT increased NO production in a dose-dependent manner. When at a dose of 160 μg/mL, NO production increased from 0.9 to 18.4-fold. Among these extracts, the methanol extract from the root of GT (R/M GTE) exhibited the most potent effect on NO production (increased by 18.4-fold). Furthermore, using Western blot and RT-PCR analysis, treatment of HUVECs with the R/M GTE increased both eNOS protein and mRNA expression. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that the R/M GTE increased eNOS phosphorylation at serine1177 as early as 15 min after treatment. The chemical composition for the main ingredients was also performed by HPLC analysis. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that GT extracts increased NO production in HUVECs and that the R/M GTE increased NO production via increasing eNOS expression and activation by phosphorylation of eNOS at serine1177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Feng Hsuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (T.-L.L.); (W.-K.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Thung-Lip Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (T.-L.L.); (W.-K.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-L.K.)
| | - Wei-Kung Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-F.H.); (T.-L.L.); (W.-K.T.)
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-L.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Tsui-Ling Ko
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (T.-L.K.)
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7915)
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292
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De Souza TCL, Da Silveira TFF, Rodrigues MI, Ruiz ALTG, Neves DA, Duarte MCT, Cunha-Santos ECE, Kuhnle G, Ribeiro AB, Godoy HT. A study of the bioactive potential of seven neglected and underutilized leaves consumed in Brazil. Food Chem 2021; 364:130350. [PMID: 34153595 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the vitamin C content, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and the potential bioactivities (antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial activities, and inhibition capacity against N-nitrosation) of seven neglected and underutilized species (NUS): culantro (Eryngium foetidum), false roselle (Hibiscus acetosella), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), tree basil (Ocimum gratissimum), Barbados Gooseberry (Pereskia aculeata), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). Phenolic-rich extracts were obtained by a sequential optimization strategy (Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design). O. gratissimum presented the highest TPC and X. sagittifolium the greater total vitamin C content. Overall, the plant extracts presented promising bioactive capacities, as scavenging capacity against HOCl, H2O2 and ROO• induced oxidation. P. oleracea demonstrated the highest cytostatic effect against ovarian and kidney tumor cells. O. gratissimum effectively inhibited S. Choleraesuis growth. Maximum inhibition on n-nitrosation was showed by O. gratissimum and E. foetidum. These results highlight the studied NUS as sources of potential health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Lima De Souza
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tayse Ferreira Ferreira Da Silveira
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Isabel Rodrigues
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Andrade Neves
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte
- Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center, University of Campinas, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gunter Kuhnle
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Braga Ribeiro
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF - Centre of Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry - Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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293
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Albarrak SM. Antioxidant and immune responses of broiler chickens supplemented with Rhazya stricta extract in drinking water. Vet World 2021; 14:1437-1449. [PMID: 34316190 PMCID: PMC8304433 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1437-1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Rhazya stricta is a herbal plant widely used in traditional medicine due to its proficiency and naturalness with few side effects. In this study, we investigated the impact of using an R. stricta extract supplement on broiler chickens' performance, especially the immune system. Materials and Methods In addition to the control group, one group received the methanol extract of R. stricta in drinking water for the first 2 weeks before being challenged with sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs), while the other group was challenged with SRBCs without receiving the R. stricta treatment. We evaluated cellular immunity by determining the phagocytic activity and lymphocyte (L) proliferation and assessed humoral immunity by quantification of the serum total IgM and IgG. We measured the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes and performed a histological examination of the spleen and the bursa of Fabricius (BF). Results Our results indicate a significant enhancement in cellular immunity in the group supplemented with R. stricta as demonstrated by a significant increase in the phagocytic activity, L proliferation, and percentages of circulating L (p<0.05). The chickens treated with R. stricta exhibit an enhanced humoral response shown by a significant elevation in the serum levels of the total antibodies of the IgM and IgG isotypes, along with a notable increase in BF activity. Furthermore, R. stricta supplementation is associated with a significant increase in the serum levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), along with a significant improvement in broilers' general performance, body weight, and feed efficiency. Conclusion Our results suggest an immunomodulatory effect for the methanol extract of R. stricta and highlight the potential use of this plant in preventive and therapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh M Albarrak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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294
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HPLC-DAD characterization of phenolic profile and in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic activities of five mushroom species from Turkey. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:273. [PMID: 34055565 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers., Hydnum repandum L., Inonotus radiatus (Sowerby) P. Karst., Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer, and Schizophyllum commune Fr. hexane and methanol extracts were subjected to the spectrophotometric assays for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, which are linked with human diseases that are very prevalent in recent years. Additionally, phenolic compounds of the mushrooms were quantified by HPLC-DAD. The best antioxidant activity was found in H. repandum methanol extract (IC50: 12.04 ± 0.24 µg/mL) in the β-carotene-linoleic assay; I. radiatus methanol extract in DPPH• (81.22 ± 0.50%), ABTS•+ (IC50: 73.47 ± 0.18 µg/mL), and CUPRAC (A0.50: 88.21 ± 0.02 µg/mL) assays; S. commune hexane extract (53.36 ± 0.89%) in the metal chelating assay. O. olearius hexane extract was found as the best inhibitor against AChE (71.58 ± 0.28%) and BChE (67.30 ± 0.15%). When I. radiatus methanol (95.88 ± 0.74%) and H. repandum hexane (95.75 ± 0.16%) extracts showed close α-amylase inhibitory activity to acarbose (96.68 ± 0.08%), D. quercina methanol extract (70.79 ± 0.34%) had higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose (67.01 ± 2.28%). Among 16 phenolic compounds analyzed, gallic acid (0.02 ± 0.01-0.23 ± 0.01 µg/g) was detected in all studied mushrooms. This study provides that investigated mushrooms can be used for further research, which can lead to the development of new natural remedies to alleviate complications related to oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurological diseases.
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Obistioiu D, Cocan I, Tîrziu E, Herman V, Negrea M, Cucerzan A, Neacsu AG, Cozma AL, Nichita I, Hulea A, Radulov I, Alexa E. Phytochemical Profile and Microbiological Activity of Some Plants Belonging to the Fabaceae Family. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:662. [PMID: 34205938 PMCID: PMC8227729 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and the activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) (ATCC 19615), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (ATCC 27853), Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) (ATCC 12022), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) (ATCC 14028), Haemophillus influenzae (H. influenza) type B (ATCC 10211) and two fungal strains: Candida albicans (C. albicans) (ATCC 10231) and Candida parapsilopsis (C. parapsilopsis) (ATCC 22019) of the extracts obtained from Melilotus officinalis (MO), Coronilla varia (CV); Ononis spinosa (OS) and Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) (Fabaceae), and to identify the chemical compounds responsible for the antimicrobial effect against the tested strains. The extracts were obtained by conventional hydroalcoholic extraction and analyzed in terms of total polyphenols using the spectrophotometric method and by liquid chromatography (LC). The results have shown that the highest polyphenols content was recorded in the RP sample (16.21 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g), followed by the CV (15.06 mg GAE/g), the OS (13.17 mg GAE/g), the lowest value being recorded for the MO sample (11.94 mg GAE/g). The antimicrobial testing of plant extracts was carried out using the microdilution method. The most sensitive strains identified were: E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes, while protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol were identified as the chemical compounds responsible for the antibacterial effect. The analysis of the correlation between the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect proved a moderate (r > 0.5) positive correlation between rosmarinic acid and S. pyogenes (r = 0.526), rosmarinic acid and S. typhimurium (r = 0.568), quercetin and C. albicans (r = 0.553), quercetin and S. pyogenes (r = 0.605). Therefore, it suggested possible antimicrobial activity generated by these chemical components. The results recommend the Fabaceae plants as promising candidates for further research to develop novel natural antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Obistioiu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.O.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.C.); (I.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Ileana Cocan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (M.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Emil Tîrziu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.O.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.C.); (I.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Viorel Herman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.O.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.C.); (I.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Monica Negrea
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (M.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Alexandra Cucerzan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.O.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.C.); (I.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Alina-Georgeta Neacsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.L.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Antoanela Lena Cozma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.L.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Ileana Nichita
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.O.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.C.); (I.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Anca Hulea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (D.O.); (E.T.); (V.H.); (A.C.); (I.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Agriculture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-G.N.); (A.L.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Ersilia Alexa
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” Timisoara, Calea Aradului No. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (M.N.); (E.A.)
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297
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Eremina NV, Zhanataev AK, Durnev AD. Induced Cell Death as a Possible Pathway of Antimutagenic Action. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:1-14. [PMID: 34050413 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The existing concepts of antimutagenesis are briefly reviewed. Published reports on antimutagenic and proapoptotic properties of some polyphenols and compounds of other chemical groups obtained in representative in vitro and in vivo experiments on eukaryotic test systems are discussed. The relationships between the antimutagenic and proapoptotic properties of the analyzed compounds (naringin, apigenin, resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine, etc.) are considered in favor of the hypothesis on induced cell death as an antimutagenic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Eremina
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A K Zhanataev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A D Durnev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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298
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Erol A, Akpınar F, Muti M. Electrochemical determination of anticancer drug Bendamustine and its interaction with double strand DNA in the absence and presence of quercetin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111884. [PMID: 34102529 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies based on drug-DNA interactions, especially anticancer drug-DNA interactions, are of great importance for the method development. It is thought that single-use electrodes, which give fast, cheap and reproducible results, will make a great contribution to the chip technology for the development of individual patient analysis in the future. It is known that antioxidants reduce carcinogenesis caused by oxidative stress with their radical scavenging effects. Literature shows that quercetin (QRCT) exhibits anticancer activity by preventing oxidative cell damage as an effective radical scavenger. In this study, Bendamustine (BND), an anticancer drug, which is used in different blood cancer types, was electrochemically determined and the toxicity degree was calculated by examining the interaction of the drug with DNA in the absence and presence of QRCT, which is the first examination in the literature. Limit of detection and quantification for BND was calculated as 6.0 and 20.0 μg/mL respectively by using the equation I = 0.029 × CBND+ 1.197, (R2 = 0.997). We found that QRCT prevents the interaction between BND and DNA because of its strong interaction with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Erol
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Fatma Akpınar
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mihrican Muti
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 09010 Aydın, Turkey.
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299
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Application of the Natural Products NOZEMAT HERB and NOZEMAT HERB PLUS Can Decrease Honey Bee Colonies Losses during the Winter. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13060228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are crucial pollinators for many crops and natural ecosystems. However, honey bee colonies have been experiencing heavy overwinter mortality in almost all parts of the world. In the present study we have investigatеd, for the first time, the effects from the application of the herbal supplements NOZEMAT HERB® (NH) and NOZEMAT HERB PLUS® (NHP) on overwintering honey bee colony survival and on total protein and lysozyme content. To achieve this, in early autumn 2019, 45 colonies were selected and treated with these herbal supplements. The total protein and lysozyme content were evaluated after administration of NH and NHP twice the following year (June and September 2020). The obtained results have shown that both supplements have a positive effect on overwintering colony survival. Considerable enhancement in longevity of “winter bees” has been observed after the application of NHP, possibly due to the increased functionality of the immune system and antioxidant detoxification capacity. Although the mechanisms of action of NH and NHP are yet to be completely elucidated, our results suggest a new holistic approach on overwintering honey bee colony survival and welfare.
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300
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The association between testicular toxicity induced by Li2Co3 and protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum: Alteration of Bax & c-Kit genes expression. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101552. [PMID: 33992978 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has received a lot of attention recently due to its medicinal potential activities. The aim of this designed experiment was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Ganoderma lucidum extract against lithium carbonate induced testicular toxicity and related lesions in mice testis. For this purpose, lithium carbonate at a dose of 30 mg/kg, followed by 75, 150 mg/kg Ganoderma lucidum extract orally were administered for 35 days. The results were obtained from Ganoderma lucidum extract analysis prove contained a large amount of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and poly phenols based on spectrophotometric assay. Also, DPPH assay for Ganoderma lucidum extract showed high level of radical scavenging activity. The hematoxylin & eosin cross section from lithium carbonate treated group exhibited significant alterations in seminiferous tubules. Moreover, lithium carbonate induced oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation and generate MDA (P < 0.001). In addition, lithium carbonate initiated germ cells apoptosis via increase Bax expression (p < 0.001) and reduce germ cells differentiation through down-regulation of c-Kit expression (p < 0.05). Results from CASA showed that sperm parameters like count, motility and viability significantly decreased in lithium treated group (p < 0.001). It is clear that lithium carbonate induce severe damage on male reproductive system and histopathological damages via generation oxidative stress but supplementation with Ganoderma lucidum extract exhibited prevention effects and repaired induced damages.
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