251
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Tiimub BM, Zhou ZC, Zhu L, Liu Y, Shuai XY, Xu L, Niyungeko C, Meng LX, Sun YJ, Chen H. Characteristics of bacterial community and ARGs profile in engineered goldfish tanks with stresses of sulfanilamide and copper. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38706-38717. [PMID: 33742379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abuse of antibiotics in aquaculture have been alarming and might aggravate spread of resistance genes in the environment. Holistic ARGs proliferation checks require deeper analyses of coupled absolute abundances in 16S rRNA bacteria communities at the phylum level to detect biomarkers. Sulfanilamide (sul) and copper II sulfate (CuSO4 II) were, therefore, designed and added as separate or combined treatments in 9 replicate engineered goldfish tanks comprising 3 individual sul, 3 CuSO4 II, 3 (sul + CuSO4 II) combinations, and 3 controls within 180 days. The DNA from water and fish guts was sequenced under qPCR to determine 16S rRNA bacteria biomarkers co-occurring with the correspondent ARGs. Combined chemical addition at 0.8-1.5 mg sul + 0.5-1.0 mg CuSO4 II/3 L of tank waters reduced sequenced 16S rRNA bacteria absolute abundances in fish gut and water samples while portraying the biomarkers. Absolute abundances of the entire 16S rRNA bacteria was higher in fish guts (3.4 × 1014-4.9 × 108 copies/g) than water samples (1.5 × 109-2.6 × 1015 copies/L), respectively. Much as sul 1(log) were dominant over intl 1(log) genes, and their fundamental profiles were also higher in the fish guts than water samples; the Spearman's correlation analyses revealed positive relationship (p < 0.01 and r = 0.873) among the biomarkers of both ARG pairs at the phylum level and the physicochemical parameters. In the fish gut and water samples ratios, Bacteroidetes (10-85:12-85%) > Proteobacteria (10-50:15-65%) > Planktomycetes (10-52:8-25%) featured prominently based on LEfSe use as the hot-spotted biomarkers, hence justifying its higher prospects towards innovative environmental microbiological and biotechnological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Makimilua Tiimub
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Chao Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Shuai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe' Niyungeko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xuan Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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252
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Bier E, Nizet V. Driving to Safety: CRISPR-Based Genetic Approaches to Reducing Antibiotic Resistance. Trends Genet 2021; 37:745-757. [PMID: 33745750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reached critical levels, skyrocketing in hospitals and the environment and posing a major threat to global public health. The complex and challenging problem of reducing antibiotic resistance (AR) requires a network of both societal and science-based solutions to preserve the most lifesaving pharmaceutical intervention known to medicine. In addition to developing new classes of antibiotics, it is essential to safeguard the clinical efficacy of existing drugs. In this review, we examine the potential application of novel CRISPR-based genetic approaches to reducing AR in both environmental and clinical settings and prolonging the utility of vital antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bier
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA; Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA.
| | - Victor Nizet
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA; Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA
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253
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Rahman N, Varshney P. Effective removal of doxycycline from aqueous solution using CuO nanoparticles decorated poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/chitosan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43599-43617. [PMID: 33837937 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The primary focus of the present study was to synthesize CuO nanoparticles decorated poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/chitosan to explore its potential for uptake of doxycycline (DXN) from water. The composite material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis. Central composite design under response surface methodology was opted to optimize the process variables (pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of DXN) for obtaining the highest removal efficiency. The removal of DXN reached 98.84% at 303 K under the optimum conditions of pH 7.0, equilibrating time of 70 min, adsorbent dose of 20 mg/25 mL and initial concentration of 50 mg L-1. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models fitted best with the experimental data. The values of ΔG° (- 29.159 to - 31.997 kJ mol-1), ΔH° (56.768 kJ mol-1) and ΔS° (283.382 J mol-1 K-1) demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption process. The adsorption/desorption study revealed the reusability of the prepared composite material for DXN uptake up to six cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Poornima Varshney
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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254
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Baros Jorquera C, Moreno-Switt AI, Sallaberry-Pincheira N, Munita JM, Flores Navarro C, Tardone R, González-Rocha G, Singer RS, Bueno I. Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife and in the built environment in a wildlife rehabilitation center. One Health 2021; 13:100298. [PMID: 34401457 PMCID: PMC8350056 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Injured and orphaned wildlife are often brought to Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers (WRC) to be cared for by professionals to ultimately be released back to their natural habitats. In these centers, animals may spend months and frequently receive prolonged antibiotic therapy. Therefore, WRC may play a role in the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The goal of this study was to investigate the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Gram-negative bacteria with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins in both the wildlife admitted to a WRC and in the WRC built environment in Chile. A cross-sectional study was conducted sampling animals undergoing rehabilitation (n = 64) and the WRC environment (n = 160). Isolated bacterial species were identified with MALDI-TOF, and antimicrobial susceptibility determined using the disk diffusion method. Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were the dominant bacterial families among the environmental (n = 78) and animal (n = 31) isolates. For Enterobacteriaceae, isolates of the most abundant species (E. coli) were classified into 20 antibiotic resistance profiles, with eight of those isolates being resistant to more than nine antibiotics, including imipenem. Isolates of the Pseudomonadaceae family identified 11 isolates with resistance to antibiotics such as carbapenems and quinolones. Even though a cluster analysis based on antibiotic resistance patterns did not show a clear overlap between environmental and animal isolates, it is important to highlight the identification of isolates resistant to carbapenems, which is very relevant from a public health perspective. Further, numerous antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in different bacterial species, indicating not only environmental contamination with a wide diversity of bacteria, but also a wide diversity of resistant bacteria in animals at the WRC. The approach taken by sampling animals and their hospital environment can be useful in understanding AMR dynamics in wildlife rehabilitation settings, as well as the potential dissemination of AMR into the natural environment. The wildlife center was contaminated with wide diversity of resistant bacteria. There was wide diversity of resistant bacteria in wildlife at the center. Resistant isolates to carbapenems were present, which has public health relevance. No clear overlap between wildlife and the center antibiotic resistance patterns. Wildlife rehabilitation should be considered in antimicrobial resistance dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Baros Jorquera
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello. Av. República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea I Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R). Av. Las Condes 12.438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira
- Unidad de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Munita
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R). Av. Las Condes 12.438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile.,Genomics and Resistant Microbes Group, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12.438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Flores Navarro
- Unidad de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Tardone
- Unidad de Rehabilitación de Fauna Silvestre, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo González-Rocha
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R). Av. Las Condes 12.438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Investigación en Agentes Antibacterianos, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Randall S Singer
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research On Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R). Av. Las Condes 12.438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108. United States
| | - Irene Bueno
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108. United States
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255
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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256
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Preliminary Results on the Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in Marine Animals Stranded in Sicilian Coasts: Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and ARGs Detection in the Isolated Strains. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080930. [PMID: 34451393 PMCID: PMC8399267 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Salmonella spp. in marine animals is a consequence of contamination from terrestrial sources (human activities and animals). Bacteria present in marine environments, including Salmonella spp., can be antibiotic resistant or harbor resistance genes. In this study, Salmonella spp. detection was performed on 176 marine animals stranded in the Sicilian coasts (south Italy). Antibiotic susceptibility, by disk diffusion method and MIC determination, and antibiotic resistance genes, by molecular methods (PCR) of the Salmonella spp. strains, were evaluated. We isolated Salmonella spp. in three animals, though no pathological signs were detected. Our results showed a low prevalence of Salmonella spp. (1.7%) and a low incidence of phenotypic resistance in three Salmonella spp. strains isolated. Indeed, of the three strains, only Salmonella subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium from S. coeruleoalba and M. mobular showed phenotypic resistance: the first to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulphamethoxazole, while the latter only to sulphamethoxazole. However, all strains harbored resistance genes (blaTEM, blaOXA, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), sulI, and sulII). Although the low prevalence of Salmonella spp. found in this study does not represent a relevant health issue, our data contribute to the collection of information on the spread of ARGs, elements involved in antibiotic resistance, now considered a zoonosis in a One Health approach.
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257
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Dagher LA, Hassan J, Kharroubi S, Jaafar H, Kassem II. Nationwide Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers across Lebanon by Quantifying Fecal Indicators Densities and Profiling Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070883. [PMID: 34356804 PMCID: PMC8300662 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of contaminated water has been associated with severe disease outbreaks. Due to widespread pollution with untreated sewage, concerns have been raised over water quality in Lebanon, a country with well-documented challenges in infrastructure. Here, we evaluated the water quality of major rivers in Lebanon by quantifying the densities of fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli). Additionally, we assessed the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in river water. Composite water samples (n = 132) were collected from fourteen rivers, and 378 E. coli were isolated and analyzed. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in 96.29% and 95.5% of the samples, respectively. Additionally, 73.48–61.3% and 31.81% of the samples exceeded the microbiological acceptability standards for irrigation and the fecal coliform limit for recreational activities, respectively. The E. coli exhibited resistance to ampicillin (40% of isolates), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (42%), cefepime (4%), cefotaxime (14%), cefalexin (46%), cefixime (17%), doripenem (0.3%), imipenem (0.5%), gentamicin (6%), kanamycin (9%), streptomycin (35%), tetracycline (35%), ciprofloxacin (10%), norfloxacin (7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32%), and chloramphenicol (13%). Notably, 45.8% of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). Our results highlight the need to urgently address fecal pollution and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Lebanese rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea A. Dagher
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (L.A.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Jouman Hassan
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
| | - Samer Kharroubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (L.A.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Hadi Jaafar
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Issmat I. Kassem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut (AUB), Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; (L.A.D.); (S.K.)
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA;
- Correspondence:
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258
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Effect of Dietary Sugarcane Bagasse Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Immune and Antioxidant-Related Gene Expressions of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured under Biofloc System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072035. [PMID: 34359162 PMCID: PMC8300095 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementation of agriculture by-product as functional feed additives in combination with biofloc technology (a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology) has recently gained much attention in aquaculture. In the present study, sugarcane bagasse powder can possibly be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression. Abstract We investigated, herein, the effects of dietary inclusion of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) on Nile tilapia development, mucosal and serum immunities, and relative immune and antioxidant genes. Fish (15.12 ± 0.04 g) were provided a basal diet (SB0) or basal diet incorporated with SB at 10 (SB10), 20 (SB20), 40 (SB40), or 80 (SB80) g kg−1 for 8 weeks. Our results demonstrated that the dietary incorporation of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) at 20 and 40 g kg−1 significantly ameliorated FW, WG, and SGR as opposed to fish fed basal, SB10, and SB80 diets. However, no significant changes in FCR and survivability were observed between the SB supplemented diets and the control (basal diet). The mucosal immunity exhibited significantly higher SMLA and SMPA activities (p < 0.005) in fish treated with SB diets after eight weeks. The highest SMLA and SMPA levels were recorded in fish fed SB80 followed by SB20, SB40, and SB10, respectively. For serum immunity, fish fed SB incorporated diets significantly ameliorated SL and RB levels (p < 0.05) compared with the control. However, SP was not affected by the inclusion of SB in any diet throughout the experiment. The expression of IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR genes in the fish liver was significantly increased in fish fed the SB20 and SB10 diets relative to the basal diet fed fish (p < 0.05); whereas only the IL8, LBP, and GPX genes in the intestines were substantially augmented via the SB20 and SB80 diets (p < 0.05). IL1 and GSR were not influenced by the SB incorporated diets (p > 0.05). In summary, sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) may be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression in Nile tilapia.
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259
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Antibiofilm activity of host defence peptides: complexity provides opportunities. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:786-797. [PMID: 34183822 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-021-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are integral components of innate immunity across all living organisms. These peptides can exert direct antibacterial effects, targeting planktonic cells (referred to as antimicrobial peptides), and exhibit antibiofilm (referred to as antibiofilm peptides), antiviral, antifungal and host-directed immunomodulatory activities. In this Review, we discuss how the complex functional attributes of HDPs provide many opportunities for the development of antimicrobial therapeutics, focusing particularly on their emerging antibiofilm properties. The mechanisms of action of antibiofilm peptides are compared and contrasted with those of antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, obstacles for the practical translation of candidate peptides into therapeutics and the potential solutions are discussed. Critically, HDPs have the value-added assets of complex functional attributes, particularly antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities and their synergy with conventional antibiotics.
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260
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Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli in Sarawak Rivers and Aquaculture Farms, Northwest of Borneo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070776. [PMID: 34202216 PMCID: PMC8300627 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli in water resources could pose a serious threat to public health. The study aims to investigate the dispersion of plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant E. coli from six rivers in Sarawak and two aquaculture farms in Borneo. Methods: A total of 74 water samples were collected for the determination of their bacteria colony count. An IMViC test identified 31 E. coli isolates and tested their susceptibility against twelve clinically important antibiotics. The extraction of plasmid DNA was done using alkali lysis SDS procedures. Characteristics, including plasmid copy number, molecular weight size, resistance rate and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), were assessed. Results: Our findings revealed that bacterial counts in rivers and aquaculture farms ranged from log 2.00 to 3.68 CFU/mL and log 1.70 to 5.48 cfu/mL, respectively. Resistance to piperacillin (100%) was observed in all E. coli; resistance to amoxicillin (100%) and ampicillin (100%) was observed in E. coli found in aquaculture farms; resistance to streptomycin (93%) was observed in E. coli found in rivers. All E. coli were resistant to ≥2 antibiotics and formed 26 MAR profiles, ranging from an index of 0.17 to 0.83, indicating that there are high risks of contamination. Some (48.4%) of the E. coli were detected with plasmids (1.2 to >10 kb), whereas 51.6% of the E. coli did not harbor any plasmids. The plasmid copy numbers reported were one plasmid (n = 7), two plasmids (n = 4), ≥ two plasmids (4). E. coli isolated from the Muara Tuang River showed the highest-molecular-weight plasmids. A statistical analysis revealed that there is no significant correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.253) between the number of plasmids and the MAR index of the tested isolates. Conclusion: The distribution of MAR in E. coli from rivers is higher compared to the aquaculture environment. Our study suggests that MAR in isolates could be chromosome-mediated. Our results suggest that riverbed sediments could serve as reservoirs for MAR bacteria, including pathogens, under different climatic conditions, and their analysis could provide information for public health concerns.
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261
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Drane K, Huerlimann R, Power M, Whelan A, Ariel E, Sheehan M, Kinobe R. Testudines as Sentinels for Monitoring the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance in Marine Environments: An Integrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070775. [PMID: 34202175 PMCID: PMC8300651 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in marine environments is a global concern with a propensity to affect public health and many ecosystems worldwide. We evaluated the use of sea turtles as sentinel species for monitoring AR in marine environments. In this field, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been commonly identified by using standard culture and sensitivity tests, leading to an overrepresentation of specific, culturable bacterial classes in the available literature. AR was detected against all major antibiotic classes, but the highest cumulative global frequency of resistance in all represented geographical sites was against the beta-lactam class by a two-fold difference compared to all other antibiotics. Wastewater facilities and turtle rehabilitation centres were associated with higher incidences of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) accounting for an average of 58% and 49% of resistant isolates, respectively. Furthermore, a relatively similar prevalence of MDRB was seen in all studied locations. These data suggest that anthropogenically driven selection pressures for the development of AR in sea turtles and marine environments are relatively similar worldwide. There is a need, however, to establish direct demonstrable associations between AR in sea turtles in their respective marine environments with wastewater facilities and other anthropogenic activities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia Drane
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (R.K.); Tel.: +61-0747814061 (R.K.)
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Michelle Power
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Anna Whelan
- Townsville Water and Waste, Wastewater Operations, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia;
| | - Ellen Ariel
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Madoc Sheehan
- College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
| | - Robert Kinobe
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (R.K.); Tel.: +61-0747814061 (R.K.)
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262
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TiO2 Inverse Opals Modified by Ag Nanoparticles: A Synergic Effect of Enhanced Visible-Light Absorption and Efficient Charge Separation for Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports on the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of the TiO2 inverse opal nanostructure (IP-TiO2) and the IP-TiO2 modified by Ag nanoparticles (Ag@IP-TiO2). The IP-TiO2 is fabricated using polystyrene spheres as the template and TiCl4 as the precursor, and the Ag@IP-TiO2 is realized by photoreduction method. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of the materials are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Their photocatalytic performances are studied by the degradation of rifampicin antibiotic under the visible-light irradiation generated by an LED lamp. The results demonstrate that the IP-TiO2 is composed of mesopores arranged in the honeycomb structure and strongly absorbs visible light in the wavelength range of 400–500 nm. This facilitates the visible-light catalytic activity of IP-TiO2, which is further enhanced by the surface modification by Ag nanoparticles. Our studies on the UV-VIS absorption and photoluminescent properties of the materials reveal that the presence of Ag nanoparticles not only enhances the visible-light absorption of IP-TiO2, but also reduces the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. These two factors create a synergic effect that causes the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag@IP-TiO2.
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263
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Kasem NG, Al-Ashmawy M, Elsherbini M, Abdelkhalek A. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular genotyping of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from some Egyptian cheeses. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:246-255. [PMID: 34395595 PMCID: PMC8280994 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This work investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in communally consumed cheeses in Egypt. Materials and Methods: This study examined 100 samples of Domiati, Tallaga, Cheddar, and Ras cheese collected from several shops and supermarkets. Samples were spread on selective media to isolate bacterial strains. Molecular characterization of bacterial isolates was carried out using polymerase chain reaction to determine Shiga toxin 1 (stx1), Shiga toxin 2 (stx2), eaeA, and nuc genes. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to 14 antibiotics by disk diffusion assay. Results: In this study, several E. coli serotypes were identified. E. coli O26:H11, O103:H2, and O111:H2 expressed stx1/2, E. coli O114:H4 expressed stx1, E. coli O17:H18, O21:H7 and O146:H21 expressed stx2, while only E. coli O26:H11 and O111:H2 expressed eaeA. The E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, while most isolates (82.4%) showed multidrug resistance (MDR). AMR to erythromycin was the highest (100%), followed by nalidixic acid (94.1%), cefotaxime (82.4%), vancomycin and cephalothin (64.7%), penicillin G (52.9%), sulfamethoxazole (47.1%), amikacin and kanamycin (35.3%), ampicillin (29.4%), tetracycline and ciprofloxacin (23.5%), and doxycycline (11.8%), while gentamicin showed the least resistance (5.9%). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolated E. coli ranged from 0.071 to 1 (mean = 0.478). All S. aureus isolates expressed the nuc gene and demonstrated resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 90% of isolates were MDR. AMR to kanamycin and cephalothin was the highest (100%), followed by penicillin (90%), doxycycline (70%), nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole (60%), erythromycin (50%), tetracycline, cefotaxime, and gentamicin (40%), ciprofloxacin and ampicillin (30%), and amikacin (20%). In comparison, vancomycin showed the least resistance (10%). MAR index of isolated S. aureus ranged from 0.143 to 1 (mean = 0.529). Conclusion: The antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and S. aureus are potential risks for public health and may have a role in disseminating AMR to other pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Gomaa Kasem
- Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Al-Ashmawy
- Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Elsherbini
- Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Department of Food Control and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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264
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Mohan H, Ramasamy M, Ramalingam V, Natesan K, Duraisamy M, Venkatachalam J, Shin T, Seralathan KK. Enhanced visible light-driven photocatalysis of iron-oxide/titania composite: Norfloxacin degradation mechanism and toxicity study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125330. [PMID: 33951878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A simulated visible light-mediated iron oxide-titania (IoT) nanocomposite was employed to degrade the antibiotic norfloxacin (NFN) photocatalytically. The photocatalyst were prepared using a sol-gel method with controlled titania loadings to iron oxide by altering the fabrications step. The nanocomposites were structurally characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectra (DRS-UV) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was observed that 100 mg/L of iron oxide doped titania loading at 1:4 (IoT-4) achieved the maximum photocatalytic activity in a 75 mg/100 mL of NFN solution within 60 min of the reaction time under visible light irradiation. The NFN degradation mechanism affirmed using HPLC-MS/MS analysis and the results confirmed the complete NFN degradation without residual intermediates. Significant, sustained recyclability was obtained by completely removing the contaminant up to 5 cycles with 90% degradation ability till nine cycles. Bacterial- and phytotoxicity data ascertain that the photocatalyzed and contaminant-free water is safe for the environment. The outstanding photocatalytic performance in removing organic pollutants indicates the potential application of IoT nanocomposites in real-time environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54930, South Korea
| | - Mohankandhasamy Ramasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam
- Centre for Natural Products & Traditional Knowledge, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
| | - Karthi Natesan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064, India
| | | | - Janaki Venkatachalam
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sarada College for Women, Salem, Tamil Nadu 636016, India
| | - Taeho Shin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54930, South Korea
| | - Kamala-Kannan Seralathan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, South Korea.
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265
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Yang SH, Chen CH, Chu KH. Fecal indicators, pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and ecotoxicity in Galveston Bay after Hurricane Harvey. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:124953. [PMID: 33445049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented rainfall after Hurricane Harvey caused a catastrophic flood in the southern coast of Texas, and flushed significant floodwater and sediments into Galveston Bay, the largest estuary along the Texas Gulf Coast. This study investigated the immediate and long-term (6 months post-Harvey) fecal indicators, pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and ecotoxicity in the Galveston Bay. Dramatic decrease of salinity profile to zero, increased levels of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and detection of various ARGs were observed in the water and sediment samples collected 2 weeks post-Harvey. High levels of BlaTEM and cytotoxicity measured by yeast bioluminescent assay (BLYR) were also observed especially near the river mouths. While Vibrio spp. was dominant in water, much higher abundance of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogen were detected in the sediments. A decreasing trend of BlaTEM and cytotoxicity was observed in March 2018 samples, suggesting the Bay has returned to its pre-hurricane conditions 6 months post-Harvey. Interestingly, the abundance of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogens were shifted dramatically according to high-streamflow and low-streamflow seasons in the Bay. The data are useful to construct the model of risk assessment in coastal estuaries system and predict the effects of extreme flooding events in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Yang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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266
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Antibiogram profile and virulence signatures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from selected agrestic hospital effluents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11800. [PMID: 34083705 PMCID: PMC8175747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) harbours diverse microbial species and a miscellany of genome that would facilitate the emergence of novel pathogen upon genome integration that manifests novel traits in infectious pathogens. The study aimed to determine the antibiogram, and virulence signatures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) recovered from selected agrestic hospital effluents in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Thirty-six (36) wastewater samples were collected from selected hospital drains between February 2018 and April 2018, processed and analyzed by culture-dependent methods for the isolation of P. aeruginosa. The identity confirmation of isolates was achieved by amplification of oprl and oprL genes. Antibiogram was done using standard disk diffusion technique of Kirby-Bauer as approved by CLSI 2018 guidelines. Virulence signatures (lasA, lasB, toxA, popB) among isolates were analysed using polymerase chain reaction. A total of 54 P. aeruginosa isolates were confirmed by amplification of oprl and oprL genes in the hospital wastewater effluent samples. The isolates showed a 100% susceptibility to gentamicin, amikacin and imipenem antimicrobial agents. Ceftazidime recorded the most resistance (63%) against the isolates studied. Other antibiotics had a resistance range of 7% and 35%. The MAR index among the isolates revealed a range of 0.23 and 0.38. ToxA virulence gene was detected in all isolates while popB, lasB, lasA were detected in 82%, 75% and 54% of the isolates. This study reveals P. aeruginosa isolates with virulence traits and some strains showing multiple antibiotic resistance. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of ≥ 0.2 indicates that the some isolates may have emerged from high-risk sources, thus projecting a risk to public health. However, with the high sensitivity pattern observed among the studied isolates, most of the antibiotics used in the susceptibility tests are not at peril. Hence, the use of these antibiotics is encouraged for treatment of infection attributed to P. aeruginosa. It is also pertinent to initiate strict control and rigid antibiotics therapeutic policy with surveillance programmes for multidrug-resistant pathogens to forestall the development and transmission of resistance traits in the pathogens.
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267
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Khan SJ, Osborn AM, Eswara PJ. Effect of Sunlight on the Efficacy of Commercial Antibiotics Used in Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645175. [PMID: 34140934 PMCID: PMC8203823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic stewardship is of paramount importance to limit the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in not only hospital settings, but also in animal husbandry, aquaculture, and agricultural sectors. Currently, large quantities of antibiotics are applied to treat agricultural diseases like citrus greening disease (CGD). The two commonly used antibiotics approved for this purpose are streptomycin and oxytetracycline. Although investigations are ongoing to understand how efficient this process is to control the spread of CGD, to our knowledge, there have been no studies that evaluate the effect of environmental factors such as sunlight on the efficacy of the above-mentioned antibiotics. We conducted a simple disc-diffusion assay to study the efficacy of streptomycin and oxytetracycline after exposure to sunlight for 7- or 14-day periods using Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as the representative strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, respectively. Freshly prepared discs and discs stored in the dark for 7 or 14 days served as our controls. We show that the antibiotic potential of oxytetracycline exposed to sunlight dramatically decreases over the course of 14 days against both E. coli and B. subtilis. However, the effectiveness of streptomycin was only moderately impacted by sunlight. It is important to note that antibiotics that last longer in the environment may play a deleterious role in the rise and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Further studies are needed to substantively analyze the safety and efficacy of antibiotics used for broader environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prahathees J. Eswara
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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268
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Jindal P, Bedi J, Singh R, Aulakh R, Gill J. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella isolated from dairy farm milk, farm slurry and water in Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28556-28570. [PMID: 33544346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a mushrooming pandemic at national and international levels which if not controlled at this very moment, can lead to global problems. Main reason for emerging bacterial resistance is repeated exposure of bacteria to antimicrobial agents and access of bacteria to increasingly large pools of antimicrobial resistance genes in mixed bacterial populations. A total of 51 villages were sampled in the current study contributing to a total of 153 farms. A total of 612 samples comprising 153 each of raw pooled milk samples, slurry, animal drinking water and human drinking water were gathered from small, medium and large farms located in all seven tehsils of Ludhiana district of Punjab. In addition to that, 37 samples of village pond water were also collected from the targeted villages. Out of total 153 slurry, raw pooled milk samples, animal drinking water and human drinking water samples (each), the prevalence of 24.8%, 60%, 26.7% and 16.3% was found for E. coli respectively. On the other hand, for Klebsiella, the overall prevalence of 19.6%, 51%, 20.2% and 5.8% was found from slurry, raw pooled milk samples, animal drinking water and human drinking water respectively. In all matrices, the comparative frequency of resistance genes in positive isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was: tetA > tetB > tetC, qnrS > qnrB > qnrA, sulII > sulI > sulIII. The highest proportion of resistance genes was found in slurry (193 genes) followed by milk (71 genes). The overall pattern of resistant genes was tetA > sulII > qnrS. In conclusion, data from the present study suggested that commensal E. coli and Klebsiella may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial drug resistance genes which may be mobilised into human populations and untreated animal waste may be considered an important source of resistant bacteria leading to environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Jindal
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.
| | - Jasbir Bedi
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Rabinder Aulakh
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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269
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Han W, Wu T, Wu Q. Fabrication of WO 3/Bi 2MoO 6 heterostructures with efficient and highly selective photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:544-552. [PMID: 34146945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution is one of the major issues confronting human. The photocatalytic technology has been focused due to its energy conservation and environmental protection. However, semiconductor photocatalysts have some problems, such as low light utilization, carrier recombination and so on. Constructing a heterojunction can effectively solve these problems. Herein, a new heterostructure of WO3/Bi2MoO6 with core-shell structure were successfully synthesized. The properties of the heterojunction were fully characterized. Subsequently, the visible light catalytic effect of the complex was studied by degrading antibiotics. Compared with other antibiotics, this heterojunction has the best photocatalytic degradation effect on tetracycline hydrochloride. The photodegradation efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride of complex is 157 times and 5 times than that of pure WO3 and Bi2MoO6 respectively. This is due to the combination of materials that promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, and extends their lifetime. Finally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmei Han
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qingsheng Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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270
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Freitas LDAA, Radis-Baptista G. Pharmaceutical Pollution and Disposal of Expired, Unused, and Unwanted Medicines in the Brazilian Context. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:61-76. [PMID: 34069823 PMCID: PMC8162542 DOI: 10.3390/jox11020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment is an everyday recognized concern worldwide, and drugs as environmental contaminants have been detected in water and soil systems, posing risks to humans and wildlife. The presence of drugs in wastewater, groundwater, and even drinking water occurs in several countries, including Brazil, where the pharmaceutical market is expanding over the years. The adverse, harmful effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment range from the spreading of antimicrobial resistance and species survival to the interference with reproduction and increased cancer incidence in humans. Therefore, it is demanding to count on proper legislation to prevent these pollutants from entering the distinct environment compartments. In some developed countries, laws, directives, programs, and initiatives regarding drug disposal reach a mature status. In Brazil, federal laws dealing with drug residues' management are recent, with flaws that might facilitate non-compliance with drug pollution issues. Besides, pharmacies and drugstores are not obligated to collect unneeded household medicines, while particular State laws aim to ordinate the disposal of drug residues regionally. In this review, we consider the current knowledge about pharmaceutical (drug) pollution, the recommendation and regulations on the disposal of useless medicines in some countries, and in the context of the expanding pharmaceutical market in Brazil. The awareness of emerging contaminants in the environment, besides the joint effort of authorities, consumers, and the general public nationwide, will be required to avoid pharmaceutical/drug pollution and achieve an eco-friendly environment and a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Araújo Almeida Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60416-030, Brazil;
| | - Gandhi Radis-Baptista
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60416-030, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60165-081, Brazil
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271
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De Silva LADS, Wickramanayake MVKS, Heo GJ. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance potential of Aeromonas spp. associated with shellfish. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:176-186. [PMID: 33891720 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas spp. are associated with seafood-related outbreaks worldwide. In seafood industry, shellfish play a major role in global seafood production. With this emerging trend of shellfish consumption, shellfish-related bacterial infections are being reported frequently. Aeromonas spp. are natural contaminants found in shellfish. Although 36 species have been identified, some species including Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii biotype sobria have dragged major attention as foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The ability to elaborate a variety of virulence factors of Aeromonas spp. contributes to the pathogenic activities. Also, emerging antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas spp. has become a huge challenge in seafood industry. Furthermore, multidrug resistance increases the risk of consumer health. Studies have supplied pieces of evidence about the emerging health risk of Aeromonas spp. isolated from seafood. Therefore, the present review was intended to highlight the prevalence, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas spp. isolated from various types of shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A D S De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - M V K S Wickramanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - G-J Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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272
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Meade E, Slattery MA, Garvey M. Biocidal Resistance in Clinically Relevant Microbial Species: A Major Public Health Risk. Pathogens 2021; 10:598. [PMID: 34068912 PMCID: PMC8156472 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest dangers to public health of the 21st century, threatening the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases globally. Disinfection, the elimination of microbial species via the application of biocidal chemicals, is essential to control infectious diseases and safeguard animal and human health. In an era of antimicrobial resistance and emerging disease, the effective application of biocidal control measures is vital to protect public health. The COVID-19 pandemic is an example of the increasing demand for effective biocidal solutions to reduce and eliminate disease transmission. However, there is increasing recognition into the relationship between biocide use and the proliferation of Antimicrobial Resistance species, particularly multidrug-resistant pathogens. The One Health approach and WHO action plan to combat AMR require active surveillance and monitoring of AMR species; however, biocidal resistance is often overlooked. ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens and numerous fungal species have demonstrated drug and biocidal resistance where increased patient mortality is a risk. Currently, there is a lack of information on the impact of biocide application on environmental habitats and ecosystems. Undoubtedly, the excessive application of disinfectants and AMR will merge to result in secondary disasters relating to soil infertility, loss of biodiversity and destruction of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Meade
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland;
| | | | - Mary Garvey
- Department of Life Science, Sligo Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland;
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273
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Use of Natural Clinoptilolite in the Preparation of an Efficient Adsorbent for Ciprofloxacin Removal from Aqueous Media. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) from an aqueous solution by natural zeolite, the calcium-rich clinoptilolite (CLI), and magnetite-coated CLI (MAG-CLI) was investigated. Both CLI and MAG-CLI showed a high adsorption affinity towards CIP at 283, 288 and 293 K at a pH of 5. Adsorption kinetics studied for the initial concentrations of 15–75 mg CIP dm−3 follow Lagergren’s pseudo-second order equation and the adsorption is best represented by the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism involves strong electrostatic interactions between negatively charged aluminosilicate lattice and the cationic form of CIP accompanied by an ion-exchange reaction. Magnetite coverage (approx. 12 wt.%) induces magnetism, which can facilitate the separation process. The coverage does not influence the adsorption activity of CLI. The leaching test showed that the MAG coating protects the adsorbent from CIP leaching. This is ascribed to interactions between the CIP carboxyl groups and magnetite nano-particles. Antibacterial tests showed strong antibacterial activity of the ciprofloxacin-containing adsorbents towards pathogenic E. coli and S. aureus.
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Kotwani A, Joshi J, Kaloni D. Pharmaceutical effluent: a critical link in the interconnected ecosystem promoting antimicrobial resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14178-w. [PMID: 33929671 PMCID: PMC8086231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex global health issue and will push twenty-four million people into extreme poverty by 2030, risking the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 17 if not addressed immediately. Humans, animals, and the environment are the reservoirs that contribute and allow AMR to propagate in interconnected ecosystems. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes in the water environment has become an important environmental health issue. One of the major influencers from environment sector is the pharmaceutical industry which is growing globally to meet the ever-increasing demand of antibiotics, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The pharmaceutical effluent has a mix of large concentrations of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes, and these sites act as hotspots for environmental contamination and the spread of AMR. Inadequate treatment of the effluent and its irresponsible disposal leads to unprecedented antibiotic contamination in the environment and their persistent presence in the environment significantly modulates the bacterial genomes' expression that is responsible for increase and spread of AMR. However, not much interventions are suggested in the National Action Plan developed on AMR by many countries. There are no regulations across the globe till date for the level of antibiotic residues in pharmaceutical effluent for the growing pharmaceutical industry. This review put together the work done showing several detrimental effects of the antimicrobial residues in the pharmaceutical effluent which leads to rise in development of AMR. The environment risk approach and need to have indicators to measure environment risk is a way forward for all countries engage in antibiotic manufacturing. Overall, efforts to address the problem are isolated and fragmented. Policymakers, regulators, manufacturers, researchers, civil society, and the community need to collaborate so that antibiotics are produced sustainably and continue to stay effective in treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, & Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy (CDDEP), New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Kaloni
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI), University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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275
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Chang PH, Liu P, Sarkar B, Mukhopadhyay R, Yang QY, Tzou YM, Zhong B, Li X, Owens G. Unravelling the mechanism of amitriptyline removal from water by natural montmorillonite through batch adsorption, molecular simulation and adsorbent characterization studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 598:379-387. [PMID: 33915416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline (AMI) is one of the most common tricyclic antidepressant personal care medications. Due to its environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, release of AMI into the environment via wastewater streams in elevated levels could lead to significant ecological and human health impacts. In this study, the adsorption of AMI by montmorillonite (SWy-2), a naturally abundant smectite clay with sodium ions as the main interlayer cations, was investigated. Maximum AMI adsorption (276 mg/g) occurred at pH 7-8. After adsorption, examination of the adsorbent's X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that interlayer expansion had occurred, where chemical stoichiometry confirmed cation exchange as the principal adsorption mechanism. AMI adsorption reached equilibrium within 4 h, with kinetic data best fitting the pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.98). AMI adsorption was unaffected by solution pH in the range 2-11, where adsorption was endothermic, and molecular simulations substantiated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric investigations indicated that the orientation of AMI molecules in the interlayer was via an amine group and a benzene ring. Overall this research shows that SWy-2 has significant potential as a low cost, effective, and geologically derived natural material for AMI removal in wastewater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Chang
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Raj Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China.
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Bo Zhong
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Xuxiang Li
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Gary Owens
- Environmental Contaminants Group, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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276
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Feher M, Fauszt P, Tolnai E, Fidler G, Pesti-Asboth G, Stagel A, Szucs I, Biro S, Remenyik J, Paholcsek M, Stundl L. Effects of phytonutrient-supplemented diets on the intestinal microbiota of Cyprinus carpio. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248537. [PMID: 33886562 PMCID: PMC8062051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the aquaculture sector, a strategy for the more efficient use of resources and proper disease control is needed to overcome the challenges of meat production worldwide. Modulation of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota is a promising approach for promoting animal health and preventing infection. This feeding experiment was conducted to discover the phytonutrient-induced changes in the gastrointestinal tract microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Acclimatized animals aged 7 months (30 weeks) were divided randomly into five experimental groups to investigate the effects of the applied feed additives. The dietary supplements were manufactured from anthocyanin-containing processing wastes from the food industry, specifically the production of Hungarian sour cherry extract, synbiotics from fermented corn, and fermentable oligosaccharides from Hungarian sweet red pepper seeds and carotenoids from Hungarian sweet red pepper pulps, applied at a dose of 1%. The gut contents of the animals were collected at four time points throughout the 6-week study period. To track the compositional and diversity changes in the microbiota of the carp intestinal tract, V3-V4 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing was performed. The growth performance of common carp juveniles was not significantly affected by supplementation of the basal diet with plant extracts. Phytonutrients improve the community diversity, increase the Clostridium and Lactobacillus abundances and decrease the abundances of potentially pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, such as Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Chlamydiae were positively correlated with the body weight, whereas Spirochaetes and Firmicutes exhibited negatively correlations with the body weight. We hypothesize that the application of phytonutrients in aquaculture settings might be a reasonable green approach for easing the usage of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Feher
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Fauszt
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Tolnai
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Fidler
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Georgina Pesti-Asboth
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Aniko Stagel
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szucs
- Institute of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Biro
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Melinda Paholcsek
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail: (MP); (LS)
| | - Laszlo Stundl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- * E-mail: (MP); (LS)
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277
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Lauxen AI, Kobauri P, Wegener M, Hansen MJ, Galenkamp NS, Maglia G, Szymanski W, Feringa BL, Kuipers OP. Mechanism of Resistance Development in E. coli against TCAT, a Trimethoprim-Based Photoswitchable Antibiotic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050392. [PMID: 33919397 PMCID: PMC8143356 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a continuous rise of multi-drug resistant pathogens has threatened antibiotic efficacy. To tackle this key challenge, novel antimicrobial therapies are needed with increased specificity for the site of infection. Photopharmacology could enable such specificity by allowing for the control of antibiotic activity with light, as exemplified by trans/cis-tetra-ortho-chloroazobenzene-trimethoprim (TCAT) conjugates. Resistance development against the on (irradiated, TCATa) and off (thermally adapted, TCATd) states of TCAT were compared to that of trimethoprim (TMP) in Escherichia coli mutant strain CS1562. Genomics and transcriptomics were used to explore the acquired resistance. Although TCAT shows TMP-like dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition in vitro, transcriptome analyses show different responses in acquired resistance. Resistance against TCATa (on) relies on the production of exopolysaccharides and overexpression of TolC. While resistance against TCATd (off) follows a slightly different gene expression profile, both indicate hampering the entrance of the molecule into the cell. Conversely, resistance against TMP is based on alterations in cell metabolism towards a more persister-like phenotype, as well as alteration of expression levels of enzymes involved in the folate biosynthesis. This study provides a deeper understanding of the development of new therapeutic strategies and the consequences on resistance development against photopharmacological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Lauxen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Piermichele Kobauri
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Michael Wegener
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Mickel J. Hansen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Nicole S. Galenkamp
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.S.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Maglia
- Groningen Biomolecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborg 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (N.S.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (B.L.F.); (O.P.K.)
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.K.); (M.W.); (M.J.H.)
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (B.L.F.); (O.P.K.)
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (W.S.); (B.L.F.); (O.P.K.)
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278
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Bhat AH. Bacterial zoonoses transmitted by household pets and as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104891. [PMID: 33878397 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous individuals are committed to growing pet creatures like cats, dogs, and rats etc., pay care for them and as a result of this, there's a boost of their populace in advanced culture. The close interaction between family pets and individuals offers ideal conditions for bacterial transmission. Distinctive sorts of antimicrobial agents are exploited for animal husbandry and studies have revealed that many bacteria have attained confrontation against them viz., Staphylococcus intermedius, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi etc. and a few of these are a prospective for zoonotic transmission. In the current review, the attention has been paid on how household pets, especially dogs disperse the antimicrobial resistance in contrast to that of food animals. A lot of evidences are accessible on food animals and nation-wide scrutiny programmes solely hub on food animals; therefore, for steerage antimicrobial use policy in small animal veterinary exercise as well as for gauging the chance of transmission of antimicrobial resistance to humans' statistics on pet animals are sincerely needed. Transmission of such organisms, especially pathogenic staphylococci, occurs between pets, owners, and veterinary staff, and pets can act as reservoirs of such bacteria; this may additionally have an impact on the use of antimicrobials in human medicine. There is a need to generate statistics concerning each the levels of carriage of such microorganism in pets and the risk factors associated with the switch of the microorganism to human beings who have contact with infected pets, as nicely as to improve hygiene measures in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Billawar, 184204, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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279
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Anh HQ, Le TPQ, Da Le N, Lu XX, Duong TT, Garnier J, Rochelle-Newall E, Zhang S, Oh NH, Oeurng C, Ekkawatpanit C, Nguyen TD, Nguyen QT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen TN, Tran TL, Kunisue T, Tanoue R, Takahashi S, Minh TB, Le HT, Pham TNM, Nguyen TAH. Antibiotics in surface water of East and Southeast Asian countries: A focused review on contamination status, pollution sources, potential risks, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142865. [PMID: 33097262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review provides focused insights into the contamination status, sources, and ecological risks associated with multiple classes of antibiotics in surface water from the East and Southeast Asia based on publications over the period 2007 to 2020. Antibiotics are ubiquitous in surface water of these countries with concentrations ranging from <1 ng/L to hundreds μg/L and median values from 10 to 100 ng/L. Wider ranges and higher maximum concentrations of certain antibiotics were found in surface water of the East Asian countries like China and South Korea than in the Southeast Asian nations. Environmental behavior and fate of antibiotics in surface water is discussed. The reviewed occurrence of antibiotics in their sources suggests that effluent from wastewater treatment plants, wastewater from aquaculture and livestock production activities, and untreated urban sewage are principal sources of antibiotics in surface water. Ecological risks associated with antibiotic residues were estimated for aquatic organisms and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria were reviewed. Such findings underline the need for synergistic efforts from scientists, engineers, policy makers, government managers, entrepreneurs, and communities to manage and reduce the burden of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in water bodies of East and Southeast Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nhu Da Le
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Xi Xi Lu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Arts Link 1, Singapore 117570, Singapore
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Josette Garnier
- Sorbonne University, UMR Metis 7619, 4th floor, Tour 56, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Emma Rochelle-Newall
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Shurong Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing 100875, China
| | - Neung-Hwan Oh
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chantha Oeurng
- Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Russian Conference Blvd., Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit
- Civil Engineering Department, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), 126 Pracha Uthit Rd., Thon Buri, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Tien Dat Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Quang Trung Nguyen
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Dung Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Trong Nghia Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Environment, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Khoai Chau, Hung Yen 17000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Lieu Tran
- Viet Nam National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (VNNIOSH), 99 Tran Quoc Toan, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu Tuyen Le
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Mai Pham
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Anh Huong Nguyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
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280
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Ovung A, Bhattacharyya J. Sulfonamide drugs: structure, antibacterial property, toxicity, and biophysical interactions. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:259-272. [PMID: 33936318 PMCID: PMC8046889 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamide (or sulphonamide) functional group chemistry (SN) forms the basis of several groups of drug. In vivo sulfonamides exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-carbonic anhydrase and anti-t dihydropteroate synthetase allowing them to play a role in treating a diverse range of disease states such as diuresis, hypoglycemia, thyroiditis, inflammation, and glaucoma. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is a commonly used sulphonamide drug in veterinary medicine that acts as an antibacterial compound to treat livestock diseases such as gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Sulfadiazine (SDZ) is another frequently employed sulphonamide drug that is used in combination with the anti-malarial drug pyrimethamine to treat toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded animals. This study explores the research findings and the work behaviours of SN (SMZ and SDZ) drugs. The areas covered include SN drug structure, SN drug antibacterial activity, SN drug toxicity, and SN environmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aben Ovung
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, 797103 India
| | - Jhimli Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, Chumukedima, Dimapur, 797103 India
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281
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Potential Environmental and Human Health Risks Caused by Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (ARB), Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) and Emerging Contaminants (ECs) from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040374. [PMID: 33915892 PMCID: PMC8065726 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) directly at landfills or open dump areas, without segregation and treatment, is a significant concern due to its hazardous contents of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and metal resistance genes (MGEs). The released leachate from landfills greatly effects the soil physicochemical, biological, and groundwater properties associated with agricultural activity and human health. The abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs have been reported worldwide, including MSW landfill sites, animal husbandry, wastewater, groundwater, soil, and aerosol. This review elucidates the occurrence and abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MRGs, which are regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs). Recently, ECs have received global attention because of their prevalence in leachate as a substantial threat to environmental and public health, including an economic burden for developing nations. The present review exclusively discusses the demands to develop a novel eco-friendly management strategy to combat these global issues. This review also gives an intrinsic discussion about the insights of different aspects of environmental and public health concerns caused due to massive leachate generation, the abundance of antibiotics resistance (AR), and the effects of released leachate on the various environmental reservoirs and human health. Furthermore, the current review throws light on the source and fate of different ECs of landfill leachate and their possible impact on the nearby environments (groundwater, surface water, and soil) affecting human health. The present review strongly suggests the demand for future research focuses on the advancement of the removal efficiency of contaminants with the improvement of relevant landfill management to reduce the potential effects of disposable waste. We propose the necessity of the identification and monitoring of potential environmental and human health risks associated with landfill leachate contaminants.
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282
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Coertze RD, Bezuidenhout CC. Relating the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes to aquatic environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144119. [PMID: 33418471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is important that environmental parameters that may affect the prevalence of AmpC beta-lactamase genes are investigated to devise frameworks for their surveillance, management and prevention. The aim of this study was thus to determine which environmental parameters are associated with the prevalence of clinically relevant AmpC beta-lactamase genes in aquatic systems. River water was sampled from seven sites in the Crocodile West River, South Africa. Physical-chemical parameters, metal levels and beta-lactam levels were measured. Environmental DNA was extracted from the water samples and six AmpC beta-lactamase gene groups (ACC, ACT/MIR, BIL/LAT/CMY, DHA, FOX, MOX/CMY) were quantified using quantitative PCR. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding analyses were performed on eDNA for each site and metabolic pathways were predicted using PICRUST2. Network analysis was performed to establish co-occurrences of AmpC genes with environmental factors. Quantification results indicated that AmpC gene copy numbers were significantly high (Kruskal Wallis H Test, p < 0.05) at Sites 1-3 of the Crocodile West River. In contrast, no significant changes regarding environmental factors were observed across the seven sites. Results of network analysis indicated that the AmpC gene groups had limited associations with all the environmental parameters, except for some key bacterial families, specifically Pseudomonadaceae, Aeromonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. A significant positive correlation between population density and AmpC genes suggested that in more densely populated areas more faecal pollution will be prevalent which is associated with high AmpC gene levels. Areas such as these are also likely to be linked with more antibiotic use which supports the notion that pre-selection of AmpC genes occurs before entering the aquatic environment. Moreover, it was demonstrated that prevalent selectors of AmpC genes do not ensure that continuous selection occurs in an aquatic environment. This information could be vital in future detection and management of AmpC genes in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Dirk Coertze
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Cornelius Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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283
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Bartkova S, Kahru A, Heinlaan M, Scheler O. Techniques Used for Analyzing Microplastics, Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Community Composition: A Mini-Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:603967. [PMID: 33841343 PMCID: PMC8032878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.603967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat. Antibiotics, heavy metals, and microplastics are environmental pollutants that together potentially have a positive synergetic effect on the development, persistence, transport, and ecology of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. To evaluate this, a wide array of experimental methods would be needed to quantify the occurrence of antibiotics, heavy metals, and microplastics as well as associated microbial communities in the natural environment. In this mini-review, we outline the current technologies used to characterize microplastics based ecosystems termed "plastisphere" and their AMR promoting elements (antibiotics, heavy metals, and microbial inhabitants) and highlight emerging technologies that could be useful for systems-level investigations of AMR in the plastisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bartkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Margit Heinlaan
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ott Scheler
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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284
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Baudoin F, Hogeveen H, Wauters E. Reducing Antimicrobial Use and Dependence in Livestock Production Systems: A Social and Economic Sciences Perspective on an Interdisciplinary Approach. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:584593. [PMID: 33816582 PMCID: PMC8012488 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.584593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In livestock production, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered an externality as it is the undesired result of preventive and curative antimicrobial use. To address this biosocial issue, our objective is to present an approach based on interdisciplinary research to develop strategies and policies that aim to contain AMR. Method: To do so, we addressed three fundamental questions on which control policies and strategies for agricultural pollution problems are centered in the light of AMR. To ensure the technical, economic, behavioral and political feasibility of the developed measures, we demonstrated the usefulness of systemic approaches to define who, what and how to target by considering the complexity in which the ultimate decision-maker is embedded. We then define how voluntary or compulsory behavioral change can be achieved via five routes, introducing a clear taxonomy for AMR Interventions. Finally, we present three criteria for ex-ante analysis and ex-post evaluation of policies and strategies. Conclusion: Interdisciplinary systemic approaches enable the development of AMR policies and strategies that are technically, politically, economically and, last but not least, behaviorally feasible by allowing the identification of (a) all actors influencing AMU in livestock production, (b) power relations between these actors, (c) adequate regulatory and intervention bases, (d) what behavioral change strategy to use, (e) whom should implement this, as well as the cost-effective assessment of combinations of interventions. Unfortunately, AMR policies and strategies are often investigated within different disciplines and not in a holistic and systemic way, which is why we advocate for more interdisciplinary work and discuss opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Baudoin
- Social Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wauters
- Social Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Merelbeke, Belgium
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285
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Du Y, Liu D, Wang M, Guo F, Lin JS. Preparation of DNA aptamer and development of lateral flow aptasensor combining recombinase polymerase amplification for detection of erythromycin. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113157. [PMID: 33756378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin has polluted our aquatic environment for decades, leading to the risk of bacterial resistance and harmful effects on human beings, wildlife and ecosystem. There is an urgent demand of developing a portable tool capable of detecting erythromycin on site. In this study, ten aptamer candidates against erythromycin were prepared through Capture-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process in 20 rounds. Aptamer candidate Ery_06 with the highest enrichment was chosen for further study, whose affinity was characterized by gold nanoparticles colorimetric assay, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and agarose chasing diffusion assay. It was determined by SYBR Green I fluorimetric assay that the characterized aptamer binds to erythromycin with high affinity (Kd: 20 ± 9 nM). Its specificity was also characterized by distinguishing erythromycin from different antibiotics tested. A novel lateral flow aptasensor was constructed by using the newly identified aptamer combined with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and lateral flow strip (LFS). Aptamer acted as a sensing element anchoring on the surface of solid phase could be eluted by erythromycin. RPA functioned to amplify and convert the signal to be visible on LFS. The lateral flow was completed in 15 min, achieving a detection limit of 3 pM. The application feasibility of the aptasensor was proved by the detection of tap water samples spiked with erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepeng Du
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou Campus, 363021, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen Campus, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Min Wang
- University Hospital, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou Campus, 363021, Fujian, China
| | - Fangke Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou Campus, 363021, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Sheng Lin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou Campus, 363021, Fujian, China.
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286
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Ecke A, Schneider RJ. Pitfalls in the Immunochemical Determination of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Water. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030298. [PMID: 33809371 PMCID: PMC8001000 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of waters with pharmaceuticals is an alarming problem as it may support the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, fast and cost-effective analytical methods for potential on-site analysis are desired in order to control the water quality and assure the safety of its use as a source of drinking water. Antibody-based methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can be helpful in this regard but can also have certain pitfalls in store, depending on the analyte. As shown here for the class of β-lactam antibiotics, hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring is a key factor in the immunochemical analysis as it influences antibody recognition. With the antibody used in this study, the limit of detection (LOD) in the immunoassay could be significantly reduced by hydrolysis for the five tested penicillins, with the lowest LOD for carbenicillin (0.2 nmol/L) and the greatest impact on penicillins G and V (reduction by 85%). In addition to enhanced quantification, our strategy also provides access to information about the degree of hydrolysis in water samples as shown for the most abundant penicillin amoxicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ecke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf J. Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany;
- Faculty III Process Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-8104-1151
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287
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A Comparative Analysis of Aquatic and Polyethylene-Associated Antibiotic-Resistant Microbiota in the Mediterranean Sea. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030200. [PMID: 33800749 PMCID: PMC8001005 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the microbiome and the resistome profile of water and fragments of polyethylene (PE) waste collected at the same time from a stream and the seawater in a coastal area of Northwestern Sicily. Although a core microbiome was determined by sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA gene, quantitative differences were found among the microbial communities on PE waste and the corresponding water samples. Our findings indicated that PE waste contains a more abundant and increased core microbiome diversity than the corresponding water samples. Moreover, PCR analysis of specific antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) showed that PE waste harbors more ARGs than the water samples. Thus, PE waste could act as a carrier of antibiotic-resistant microbiota, representing an increased danger for the marine environment and living organisms, as well.
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288
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The Role of Aquatic Ecosystems (River Tua, Portugal) as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas spp. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inappropriate use of antibiotics, one of the causes of the high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems, represents a risk for aquatic organisms and the welfare of humans. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates among riverine Aeromonas spp., taken as representative of the autochthonous microbiota, to evaluate the level of antibacterial resistance in the Tua River (Douro basin). The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance was examined using motile aeromonads as a potential indicator of antimicrobial susceptibility for the aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the middle sector of the river, which is most impacted area by several anthropogenic pressures. Water samples were plated on an Aeromonas-selective agar, with and without antibiotics. The activity of 19 antibiotics was studied against 30 isolates of Aeromonas spp. using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. Antibiotic resistance rates were fosfomycin (FOS) 83.33%, nalidixic acid (NA) 60%, cefotaxime (CTX) 40%, gentamicin (CN) 26.67%, tobramycin (TOB) 26.67%, cotrimoxazole (SXT) 26.67%, chloramphenicol (C) 16.67%, and tetracycline (TE) 13.33%. Some of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multiple resistance was also observed (83.33%). The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance because anthropogenic activities frequently impact them. The potential risk of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans should be considered in a “One Health—One World” concept.
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289
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Mojsoska B, Ghoul M, Perron GG, Jenssen H, Alatraktchi FA. Changes in toxin production of environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of three common antibiotics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248014. [PMID: 33662048 PMCID: PMC7932067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an environmental pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. P. aeruginosa infections are typically treated with multiple antibiotics including tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem. However, antibiotics do not always entirely clear the bacteria from the infection site, where they may remain virulent. This is because the effective antibiotic concentration and diffusion in vitro may differ from the in vivo environment in patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of non-lethal sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations on bacterial phenotype. Here, we investigate if sub-inhibitory antimicrobial concentrations cause alterations in bacterial virulence factor production using pyocyanin as a model toxin. We tested this using the aforementioned antibiotics on 10 environmental P. aeruginosa strains. Using on-the-spot electrochemical screening, we were able to directly quantify changes in production of pyocyanin in a measurement time of 17 seconds. Upon selecting 3 representative strains to further test the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs), we found that pyocyanin production changed significantly when the bacteria were exposed to 10-fold MIC of the 3 antibiotics tested, and this was strain specific. A series of biologically relevant measured pyocyanin concentrations were also used to assess the effects of increased virulence on a culture of epithelial cells. We found a decreased viability of the epithelial cells when incubated with biologically relevant pyocyanin concentrations. This suggests that the antibiotic-induced virulence also is a value worth being enclosed in regular testing of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
- PreDiagnose, Karlslunde, Denmark
| | - Melanie Ghoul
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel G. Perron
- Department of Biology, Bard College, Annandale-On-Hudson, NY, United States of America
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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290
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Gutiérrez-Chávez C, Benaud N, Ferrari BC. The ecological roles of microbial lipopeptides: Where are we going? Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1400-1413. [PMID: 33777336 PMCID: PMC7960500 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopeptides (LPs) are secondary metabolites produced by a diversity of bacteria and fungi. Their unique chemical structure comprises both a peptide and a lipid moiety. LPs are of major biotechnological interest owing to their emulsification, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activities. To date, these versatile compounds have been applied across multiple industries, from pharmaceuticals through to food processing, cosmetics, agriculture, heavy metal, and hydrocarbon bioremediation. The variety of LP structures and the diversity of the environments from which LP-producing microorganisms have been isolated suggest important functions in their natural environment. However, our understanding of the ecological role of LPs is limited. In this review, the mode of action and the role of LPs in motility, antimicrobial activity, heavy metals removal and biofilm formation are addressed. We include discussion on the need to characterise LPs from a diversity of microorganisms, with a focus on taxa inhabiting 'extreme' environments. We introduce the use of computational target fishing and molecular dynamics simulations as powerful tools to investigate the process of interaction between LPs and cell membranes. Together, these advances will provide new understanding of the mechanism of action of novel LPs, providing greater insights into the roles of LPs in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Benaud
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Belinda C Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney 2052, Australia
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291
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Chakraborty T, Barbuddhe SB. Enabling One Health solutions through genomics. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:273-279. [PMID: 33906989 PMCID: PMC8204826 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_576_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstraße 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe
- Department of Meat Safety, ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Boduppal P.O., Hyderabad 500 092, Telangana, India
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292
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Gao Q, Gao S, Bates C, Zeng Y, Lei J, Su H, Dong Q, Qin Z, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ning D, Huang Y, Zhou J, Yang Y. The microbial network property as a bio-indicator of antibiotic transmission in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143712. [PMID: 33277004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies interaction is an essential mechanism for bacterial communities to develop antibiotic resistance via horizontal gene transfer. Nonetheless, how bacterial interactions vary along the environmental transmission of antibiotics and the underpinnings remain unclear. To address it, we explore potential microbial associations by analyzing bacterial networks generated from 16S rRNA gene sequences and functional networks containing a large number of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Antibiotic concentration decreased by more than 4000-fold along the environmental transmission chain from manure samples of swine farms to aerobic compost, compost-amended agricultural soils, and neighboring agricultural soils. Both bacterial and functional networks became larger in nodes and links with decreasing antibiotic concentrations, likely resulting from lower antibiotics stress. Nonetheless, bacterial networks became less clustered with decreasing antibiotic concentrations, while functional networks became more clustered. Modularity, a key topological property that enhances system resilience to antibiotic stress, remained high for functional networks, but the modularity values of bacterial networks were the lowest when antibiotic concentrations were intermediate. To explain it, we identified a clear shift from deterministic processes, particularly variable selection, to stochastic processes at intermediate antibiotic concentrations as the dominant mechanism in shaping bacterial communities. Collectively, our results revealed microbial network dynamics and suggest that the modularity value of association networks could serve as an important indicator of antibiotic concentrations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Colin Bates
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Yufei Zeng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiesi Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hang Su
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ziyan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianshu Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Yi Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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293
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Ma J, Zhang S, Duan X, Wang Y, Wu D, Pang J, Wang X, Wang S. Catalytic oxidation of sulfachloropyridazine by MnO 2: Effects of crystalline phase and peroxide oxidants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129287. [PMID: 33348268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activation of different oxidants including peroxymonosulfate (PMS), peroxydisulfate (PDS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3) by MnO2 for degradation of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) was investigated and the effects of different crystalline phases of MnO2 including nanowire α-MnO2, nanorod β-MnO2, nanofiber γ-MnO2, and nanosphere δ-MnO2 on catalytic ozonation of SCP were also studied. The SCP degradation and total organic carbon removal indicated that the oxidation efficiency of the peroxide oxidants followed an order of O3/MnO2 > PMS/MnO2 > PDS/MnO2 > H2O2/MnO2. In catalytic ozonation, SCP degradation rate constants of different MnO2 phases followed an order of δ-MnO2 > α-MnO2 > γ-MnO2> β-MnO2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) suggested that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) might be more significant for SCP degradation than sulfate (SO4·-) and superoxide (·O2-) radicals. Radical competition experiments demonstrated that 1O2 and ·OH contributed to 63.16% and 28.07%, respectively, for the catalytic ozonation of SCP. It was also found that more oxygen vacancies, specific surface area and exposure of MnO6 edges could facilitate the activation of O3 for 1O2 and ·OH productions and SCP degradation. The degradation pathways of SCP could mainly follow the cleavage of S-C or S-N bond and dechlorination, accompanied by hydroxylation and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ma
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Danlei Wu
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jin Pang
- College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of New Carbon Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
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294
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Bombaywala S, Dafale NA, Jha V, Bajaj A, Purohit HJ. Study of indiscriminate distribution of restrained antimicrobial resistome of different environmental niches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10780-10790. [PMID: 33099734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic usage and high persistent nature of several antibiotics have put selective pressure on the native microbial population that led to the emergence, propagation, and persistence of antibiotic resistance in nature. The surveillance of antibiotic resistome pattern and identification of points of intervention throughout the different environmental habitats will help to break the flow of antibiotic resistance from environmental bacteria to human pathogens. The present study compares the occurrence, diversity, and abundance of ARGs in industrial sludge, wetland sludge, and sediment sample contaminated with pharmaceutical discharge. Metagenomes were mined for the presence of ARGs against the ResFinder 3.2 database using BLASTn program. Pharmaceutical sample (2.52%) showed high degree of ARG abundance and richness as compared with ETP sludge (2.28%) and wetland sludge samples (1.29%). The modern resistome pattern represented by critically important resistance genes against tetracycline (tetA, tetC, tetW, tetT, and tetS/M) and quinolone (qnrS, qnrVC, and qnrD) was identified in pharmaceutical sediment sample. However, effluent treatment plant (ETP) sludge sample showed abundance of multidrug efflux pumps indicating the presence of primitive resistome profile. In conclusion, the indiscriminate distribution pattern of antibiotic resistance genes in three selected environmental sites suggests enrichment and distribution of environmental niche-driven resistance. The study also suggests effluent discharge site from pharmaceutical industries and ETPs as pivotal points of intervention for the mitigation of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Bombaywala
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Nishant A Dafale
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Varsha Jha
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Abhay Bajaj
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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295
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Hassan AY, Lin JT, Ricker N, Anany H. The Age of Phage: Friend or Foe in the New Dawn of Therapeutic and Biocontrol Applications? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:199. [PMID: 33670836 PMCID: PMC7997343 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended overuse and misuse of antibiotics and other antibacterial agents has resulted in an antimicrobial resistance crisis. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, have emerged as a legitimate alternative antibacterial agent with a wide scope of applications which continue to be discovered and refined. However, the potential of some bacteriophages to aid in the acquisition, maintenance, and dissemination of negatively associated bacterial genes, including resistance and virulence genes, through transduction is of concern and requires deeper understanding in order to be properly addressed. In particular, their ability to interact with mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) enables bacteriophages to contribute greatly to bacterial evolution. Nonetheless, bacteriophages have the potential to be used as therapeutic and biocontrol agents within medical, agricultural, and food processing settings, against bacteria in both planktonic and biofilm environments. Additionally, bacteriophages have been deployed in developing rapid, sensitive, and specific biosensors for various bacterial targets. Intriguingly, their bioengineering capabilities show great promise in improving their adaptability and effectiveness as biocontrol and detection tools. This review aims to provide a balanced perspective on bacteriophages by outlining advantages, challenges, and future steps needed in order to boost their therapeutic and biocontrol potential, while also providing insight on their potential role in contributing to bacterial evolution and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y. Hassan
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Janet T. Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Hany Anany
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- Department of Food Science, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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296
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Dissemination of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter cloacae Complex from a Hospital to the Nearby Environment in Guadeloupe (French West Indies): ST114 Lineage Coding for a Successful IncHI2/ST1 Plasmid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02146-20. [PMID: 33361294 PMCID: PMC8092524 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02146-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants are considered hot spots for antibiotic resistance. Most studies have addressed the impact on the aquatic environment, as water is an important source of anthropogenic pollutants. Wastewater treatment plants are considered hot spots for antibiotic resistance. Most studies have addressed the impact on the aquatic environment, as water is an important source of anthropogenic pollutants. Few investigations have been conducted on terrestrial animals living near treatment ponds. We isolated extended-spectrum-β-lactamase Enterobacter cloacae complex-producing strains from 35 clinical isolates, 29 samples of wastewater, 19 wild animals, and 10 domestic animals living in the hospital sewers and at or near a wastewater treatment plant to study the dissemination of clinically relevant resistance through hospital and urban effluents. After comparison of the antibiotic-resistant profiles of E. cloacae complex strains, a more detailed analysis of 41 whole-genome-sequenced strains demonstrated that the most common sequence type, ST114 (n = 20), was present in human (n = 9) and nonhuman (n = 11) samples, with a close genetic relatedness. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed local circulation of this pathogenic lineage in diverse animal species. In addition, nanopore sequencing and specific synteny of an IncHI2/ST1/blaCTX-M-15 plasmid recovered on the majority of these ST114 clones (n = 18) indicated successful worldwide diffusion of this mobile genetic element.
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297
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Zhang J, Chen S, Yuan M, Zhang W, Xu H, Wang X, Zheng X, Wang L. Interactions of the Cyanobacterium Chrysosporum ovalisporum with Antibiotics in Water. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:402-413. [PMID: 33534037 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the effects of 11-day exposure of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfamethazine (SM2), norfloxacin (NOR), and enrofloxacin (ENR) on the growth, chlorophyll a (Chl. a) content, phycobiliproteins (PBPs) content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of Chrysosporum ovalisporum, examined the removal rate of these antibiotics by C. ovalisporum, and performed acute toxicology test with Daphnia magna to determine the effect of interaction between antibiotics and cyanobacteria on aquatic animals. The results showed that the stress of SD and SM2 increased extracellular ALP activity and weakly inhibited the algal growth and the contents of Chl. a and PBPs compared with that noted in the control. ENR and NOR treatment groups exerted significant inhibition on algal growth as well as Chl. a and PBPs contents and ALP activity, although the cyanobacterium could degrade these two antibiotics more than SD and SM2. The results also revealed that the interaction between antibiotics and cyanobacteria could inhibit D. magna feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Centre for Research On Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Centre for Research On Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingzhe Yuan
- Centre for Research On Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Research On Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Houtao Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xianyun Wang
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Shanghai Aquatic Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Centre for Research On Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrient of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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298
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Antimicrobial sensitivity profiling of bacterial communities recovered from effluents of municipal solid waste dumping site. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33479592 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of antibiotic-resistance bacteria (ARB) from the effluents of Aizawl city municipal waste dumping site was studied using a culture-dependent method. The present study molecularly identified 73 isolates that were differentiated into three phyla (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes) belonging to 17 family and 22 genera. Bacillus constitutes the most dominant genus comprising 16% of the total isolates. The topology of the phylogenetic tree differentiates them into five major clades. Corynebacterium and Rhodococcus which are morphologically alike were clustered together and the Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Bacillus, and Lysinibacillus formed a separate cluster. Antibiotic resistance of the identified bacterial isolates was performed using 19 different antibiotics. Among the isolates, 70 of them found resistant to polymixin B and nalidixic acid and 10 isolates exhibited resistance to 15 tested antibiotics. The present study revealed that bacteria with antibiotic resistance are extensively distributed in the effluents of the dumping site and may serve as a significant reservoir for the spreading of antibiotic resistance to opportunistic pathogens.
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299
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Alexandrova LA, Jasko MV, Negrya SD, Solyev PN, Shevchenko OV, Solodinin AP, Kolonitskaya DP, Karpenko IL, Efremenkova OV, Glukhova AA, Boykova YV, Efimenko TA, Kost NV, Avdanina DA, Nuraeva GK, Volkov IA, Kochetkov SN, Zhgun AA. Discovery of novel N 4-alkylcytidines as promising antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113212. [PMID: 33582576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms necessitates the creation of new drugs. In order to find new compounds that effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, we synthesized a set of N4-derivatives of cytidine, 2'-deoxycytidine and 5-metyl-2'-deoxycytidine bearing extended N4-alkyl and N4-phenylalkyl groups. The derivatives demonstrate activity against a number of Gram-positive bacteria, including Mycobacterium smegmatis (MIC = 24-200 μM) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 50-200 μM), comparable with the activities of some antibiotics in medical use. The most promising compound appeared to be N4-dodecyl-5-metyl-2'-deoxycytidine 4h with activities of 24 and 48 μM against M. smegmatis and S. aureus, respectively, and high inhibitory activity of 0.5 mM against filamentous fungi that can, among other things, damage works of art, such as tempera painting. Noteworthy, some of other synthesized compounds are active against fungal growth with the inhibitory concentration in the range of 0.5-3 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim V Jasko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey D Negrya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel N Solyev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oleg V Shevchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei P Solodinin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria P Kolonitskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna L Karpenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Efremenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla A Glukhova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Boykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Efimenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya St., 119021, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya V Kost
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Mental Health Research Centre", 34 Kashirskoe Highway, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya A Avdanina
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulgina K Nuraeva
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutsky Alley, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ivan A Volkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutsky Alley, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kochetkov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32 Vavilova St., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Zhgun
- Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 33 Leninsky Ave, 119071, Moscow, Russia
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300
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Lim KYL, Mullally CA, Haese EC, Kibble EA, McCluskey NR, Mikucki EC, Thai VC, Stubbs KA, Sarkar-Tyson M, Kahler CM. Anti-Virulence Therapeutic Approaches for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020103. [PMID: 33494538 PMCID: PMC7911339 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is seen in both Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, the former has become resistant to commonly available over-the-counter antibiotic treatments. It is imperative then to develop new therapies that combat current AMR isolates whilst also circumventing the pathways leading to the development of AMR. This review highlights the growing research interest in developing anti-virulence therapies (AVTs) which are directed towards inhibiting virulence factors to prevent infection. By targeting virulence factors that are not essential for gonococcal survival, it is hypothesized that this will impart a smaller selective pressure for the emergence of resistance in the pathogen and in the microbiome, thus avoiding AMR development to the anti-infective. This review summates the current basis of numerous anti-virulence strategies being explored for N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y. L. Lim
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Christopher A. Mullally
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Ethan C. Haese
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Emily A. Kibble
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Nicolie R. McCluskey
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Edward C. Mikucki
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Van C. Thai
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
| | - Charlene M. Kahler
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Disease Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (K.Y.L.L.); (C.A.M.); (E.C.H.); (E.A.K.); (N.R.M.); (E.C.M.); (V.C.T.); (M.S.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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