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Di Marino S, Viceconte N, Lembo A, Summa V, Tanzilli G, Raparelli V, Truscelli G, Mangieri E, Gaudio C, Cicero DO. Early metabolic response to acute myocardial ischaemia in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000709. [PMID: 29632675 PMCID: PMC5888439 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2017-000709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Balloon-induced transient coronary ischaemia represents a model of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. We are interested in the very early systemic metabolic response to this event. Methods Blood samples of patients with stable angina (SA) were collected before and after coronary angioplasty. Serum metabolic profiles were obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate changes in metabolite concentrations. Results Thirty-four consecutive patients with SA, undergoing elective coronary angioplasty at Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, were included in this study. Changes in metabolites concentration induced by balloon occlusion in venous and arterial sera were detected. In both serum types, a significant increase in ketone bodies, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glutamine and O-acetylcarnitine concentration is observed, while alanine, lactate, phenylalanine and tyrosine decreased after intervention. Most significant metabolic changes were detected in arterial serum. Conclusions Our study points out two main global metabolic changes in peripheral blood after balloon-induced coronary ischaemia: ketone bodies increase and lactate decrease. Both could be related to compensation mechanisms finalised to fulfil heart's needs after short period of myocardial ischaemia and probably after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Viceconte
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetano Tanzilli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Raparelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Truscelli
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Mangieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaudio
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anaesthesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- IRBM Science Park S.p.A., Pomezia, Italy.,Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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302
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Greco G, Kirkwood KA, Gelijns AC, Moskowitz AJ, Lam DW. Diabetes Is Associated With Reduced Stress Hyperlactatemia in Cardiac Surgery. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:469-477. [PMID: 29263164 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critical illness. We evaluated the relationship among hyperlactatemia, glycemic control, and diabetes mellitus (DM) after cardiac surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 4,098 cardiac surgery patients treated between 2011 and 2015. Patients were stratified by DM and glucose-lowering medication history. Hyperglycemia (glucose >180 mg/dL), hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL), and the hyperglycemic index were assessed postoperatively (48 h). The relationship between lactate and glucose levels was modeled using generalized linear regression. Mortality was analyzed using an extended Cox regression model. RESULTS Hyperglycemia occurred in 26.0% of patients without DM (NODM), 46.5% with DM without prior drug treatment (DMNT), 62.8% on oral medication (DMOM), and 73.8% on insulin therapy (DMIT) (P < 0.0001). Hypoglycemia occurred in 6.3%, 9.1%, 8.8%, and 10.8% of NODM, DMNT, DMOM, and DMIT, respectively (P = 0.0012). The lactate levels of all patients were temporarily increased with surgery. This increase was greater in patients who also had hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and was markedly attenuated in patients with DM. Peak lactate was 5.8 mmol/L (95% CI 5.6, 6.0) in NODM with hyperglycemia vs. 3.3 (95% CI 3.2, 3.4) without hyperglycemia; in DMNT: 4.8 (95% CI 4.4, 5.2) vs. 3.4 (95% CI 3.1, 3.6); in DMOM: 3.8 (95% CI 3.5, 4.1) vs. 2.9 (95% CI 2.7, 3.1); and in DMIT: 3.3 (95% CI 3.0, 3.5) vs. 2.7 (95% CI 2.3, 3.0). Increasing lactate levels were associated with increasing mortality; increasing glucose reduced this effect in DM but not in NODM (P = 0.0069 for three-way interaction). CONCLUSIONS Stress hyperlactatemia is markedly attenuated in patients with DM. There is a three-way interaction among DM, stress hyperlactatemia, and stress hyperglycemia associated with mortality after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Greco
- International Center for Health Outcomes and Innovation Research (InCHOIR), Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Katherine A Kirkwood
- International Center for Health Outcomes and Innovation Research (InCHOIR), Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Annetine C Gelijns
- International Center for Health Outcomes and Innovation Research (InCHOIR), Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alan J Moskowitz
- International Center for Health Outcomes and Innovation Research (InCHOIR), Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - David W Lam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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303
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Hsieh CL, Koga R, Furusho A, Akita T, Mita M, Ide T, Lee JA, Hamase K. Enantioselective and simultaneous determination of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in human plasma and urine using a narrow-bore online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1298-1306. [PMID: 29319921 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
For the enantioselective and simultaneous analysis of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, a validated online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system using 4-nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorescent derivatization reagent has been developed. For the reversed-phase separation in the first dimension, a Capcell Pak C18 ACR column (1.5 × 250 mm, particle size 3 μm) was used, and the target fractions were isolated by their hydrophobicity. In the second dimension, a polysaccharide-coated enantioselective column, Chiralpak AD-H (2.0 × 250 mm, 5 μm), was used. The system was validated by the calibration curve, intraday precision, interday precision, and accuracy using standards and real human samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. The present method was applied to human plasma and urine, and in the plasma, trace amounts of d-lactate (8.4 μM) and l-3-hydroxybutyrate (1.0 μM), besides high levels of l-lactate (860.9 μM) and d-3-hydroxybutyrate (59.4 μM), were successfully determined. In urine, trace levels of d-lactate (3.7 μM), d-3-hydroxybutyrate (2.3 μM), and l-3-hydroxybutyrate (3.3 μM) in addition to a relatively large amount of l-lactate (15.4 μM) were observed. The present online two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system is useful for the simultaneous determination of all the lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate enantiomers in human physiological fluids, and further clinical applications are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ling Hsieh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiko Koga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aogu Furusho
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tomomi Ide
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jen-Ai Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Hamase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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304
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Carey LM, Gavenko R, Svistunenko DA, Ghiladi RA. How nature tunes isoenzyme activity in the multifunctional catalytic globin dehaloperoxidase from Amphitrite ornata. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2018; 1866:230-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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305
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Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Dyslipidemia and Carbohydrate Metabolism in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Vasc Med 2018; 2018:6428630. [PMID: 29796316 PMCID: PMC5896413 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6428630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by insulin-deficient production leading to hyperglycemia, which is associated with diabetic complications such as cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants have been proving a good alternative to diabetic complications, with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) having antioxidant characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of NAC on the lipid profile and the atherogenic index (AI) in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats. Method 32 male Wistar rats (60 days of age) weighting ±250 g were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 8): CTRL: control rats; CTRL+NAC: control rats treated with NAC; DM: diabetic rats; DM+NAC: diabetic rats treated with NAC. T1DM was induced using STZ (60 mg/kg, ip; single dose), and NAC (25 mg/kg/day) was administrated by gavage, for 37 days. The animals received chow and water ad libitum. After the experimental period, blood and cardiac tissue samples were collected to analyze energetic metabolism, lipid profile, and AI. Results NAC decreased (p < 0.01) glycemia, energy intake, carbohydrate, and protein consumption in diabetic rats (DM+NAC), when compared with DM, while the alimentary efficiency was improved (p < 0.01) in treated diabetic rats (DM+NAC). Diabetic rats treated with NAC decreased (p < 0.01) lipid profile and AI in diabetic rats (DM+NAC) when compared to DM. Conclusion NAC improves lipid profile and decreases AI in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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306
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Lao-On U, Attwood PV, Jitrapakdee S. Roles of pyruvate carboxylase in human diseases: from diabetes to cancers and infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:237-247. [PMID: 29362846 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC), an anaplerotic enzyme, plays an essential role in various cellular metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis, de novo fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Deregulation of PC expression or activity has long been known to be associated with metabolic syndrome in several rodent models. Accumulating data in the past decade clearly showed that deregulation of PC expression is associated with type 2 diabetes in humans, while targeted inhibition of PC expression in a mouse model reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in diet-induced type 2 diabetes. More recent studies also show that PC is strongly involved in tumorigenesis in several cancers, including breast, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, renal carcinoma, and gall bladder. Systems metabolomics analysis of these cancers identified pyruvate carboxylation as an essential metabolic hub that feeds carbon skeletons of downstream metabolites of oxaloacetate into the biosynthesis of various cellular components including membrane lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and the redox control. Inhibition or down-regulation of PC expression in several cancers markedly impairs their growth ex vivo and in vivo, drawing attention to PC as an anti-cancer target. PC has also exhibited a moonlight function by interacting with immune surveillance that can either promote or block viral infection. In certain pathogenic bacteria, PC is essential for infection, replication, and maintenance of their virulence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udom Lao-On
- Gene Expression and Metabolic Science Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Paul V Attwood
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Gene Expression and Metabolic Science Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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307
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Neural Stem Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by Amyloid Beta. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2017; 16:121-127. [PMID: 30906383 PMCID: PMC6428004 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2017.16.4.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Amyloid beta (Aβ) is the main component of amyloid plaques, which are deposited in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biochemical and animal studies support the central role of Aβ in AD pathogenesis. Despite several investigations focused on the pathogenic mechanisms of Aβ, it is still unclear how Aβ accumulates in the central nervous system and subsequently initiates the disease at the cellular level. In this study, we investigated the pathogenic mechanisms of Aβ using proteomics and antibody microarrays. Methods To evaluate the effect of Aβ on neural stem cells (NSCs), we treated primary cultured cortical NSCs with several doses of Aβ for 48 h. A 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, trypan blue staining, and bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation assay were performed. We detected several intracellular proteins that may be associated with Aβ by proteomics and Western blotting analysis. Results Various viability tests showed that Aβ decreased NSCs viability and cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Aβ treatment significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase B, high-mobility group box 1, aldolase C, Ezrin, and survival signals including phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. Conclusions These results suggest that several factors determined by proteomics and Western blot hold the clue to Aβ pathogenesis. Further studies are required to investigate the role of these factors.
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308
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Itkonen HM, Gorad SS, Duveau DY, Martin SES, Barkovskaya A, Bathen TF, Moestue SA, Mills IG. Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase activity reprograms prostate cancer cell metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12464-76. [PMID: 26824323 PMCID: PMC4914298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic networks are highly connected and complex, but a single enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) can sense the availability of metabolites and also modify target proteins. We show that inhibition of OGT activity inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, leads to sustained loss of c-MYC and suppresses the expression of CDK1, elevated expression of which predicts prostate cancer recurrence (p=0.00179). Metabolic profiling revealed decreased glucose consumption and lactate production after OGT inhibition. This decreased glycolytic activity specifically sensitized prostate cancer cells, but not cells representing normal prostate epithelium, to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (rotenone and metformin). Intra-cellular alanine was depleted upon OGT inhibitor treatment. OGT inhibitor increased the expression and activity of alanine aminotransferase (GPT2), an enzyme that can be targeted with a clinically approved drug, cycloserine. Simultaneous inhibition of OGT and GPT2 inhibited cell viability and growth rate, and additionally activated a cell death response. These combinatorial effects were predominantly seen in prostate cancer cells, but not in a cell-line derived from normal prostate epithelium. Combinatorial treatments were confirmed with two inhibitors against both OGT and GPT2. Taken together, here we report the reprogramming of energy metabolism upon inhibition of OGT activity, and identify synergistically lethal combinations that are prostate cancer cell specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Itkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saurabh S Gorad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Damien Y Duveau
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sara E S Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Barkovskaya
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway.,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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309
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Masood U, Sharma A, Nijjar S, Sitaraman K. B-cell lymphoma, thiamine deficiency, and lactic acidosis. Proc AMIA Symp 2017; 30:69-70. [PMID: 28127139 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2017.11929534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type B lactic acidosis is found in the absence of tissue hypoperfusion, can be associated with malignancies, and can be caused by thiamine deficiency. We present a patient who presented with an abdominal mass that biopsy disclosed to be a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Because thiamine deficiency is a rare cause of lactic acidosis in cancer, the patient was treated with intravenous thiamine with rapid normalization of the lactic acid level. The level prior to treatment was low. The case emphasizes a rare cause of lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Masood
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Sonny Nijjar
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Karthikeyan Sitaraman
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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310
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Coqueiro AY, de Oliveira Garcia AB, Rogero MM, Tirapegui J. Probiotic supplementation in sports and physical exercise: Does it present any ergogenic effect? Nutr Health 2017; 23:239-249. [PMID: 29214927 DOI: 10.1177/0260106017721000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are live microorganisms that promote health benefits to the host. Evidence indicates that some probiotic strains play an immunomodulatory role and reduce the incidence of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in athletes and in physical activity practitioners. For this reason, probiotic supplementation could indirectly improve exercise performance. However, recent studies have observed direct ergogenic effects of probiotics, but the mechanisms of action are poorly elucidated. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to synthesize available knowledge on the effect of probiotics on physical exercise, identify the mechanisms of action by which probiotics could improve performance directly and indirectly, and verify whether probiotics have any ergogenic effect. METHODS The study was performed in the PubMed database in February 2017, without limitation as to the publication period. The keyword combinations used were: 'Probiotics' and 'Sports' ( n = 17 articles), 'Probiotics' and 'Exercise' ( n = 26 articles) and 'Probiotics' and 'Athletes' ( n = 11 articles). RESULTS Of the 16 studies evaluated, only six applied performance tests, of which only two demonstrated that probiotic supplementation increases performance, but one of them was performed with mice. CONCLUSIONS According to the studies evaluated, probiotic supplementation does not present ergogenic effect, however, considering the small number of studies, this subject should be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Yule Coqueiro
- 1 Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- 2 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio Tirapegui
- 1 Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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311
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Gregorini M, Corradetti V, Pattonieri EF, Rocca C, Milanesi S, Peloso A, Canevari S, De Cecco L, Dugo M, Avanzini MA, Mantelli M, Maestri M, Esposito P, Bruno S, Libetta C, Dal Canton A, Rampino T. Perfusion of isolated rat kidney with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/Extracellular Vesicles prevents ischaemic injury. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21. [PMID: 28639291 PMCID: PMC5706569 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney donation after circulatory death (DCD) is a less than ideal option to meet organ shortages. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) with Belzer solution (BS) improves the viability of DCD kidneys, although the graft clinical course remains critical. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) promote tissue repair by releasing extracellular vesicles (EV). We evaluated whether delivering MSC-/MSC-derived EV during HMP protects rat DCD kidneys from ischaemic injury and investigated the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Warm ischaemic isolated kidneys were cold-perfused (4 hrs) with BS, BS supplemented with MSC or EV. Renal damage was evaluated by histology and renal gene expression by microarray analysis, RT-PCR. Malondialdehyde, lactate, LDH, glucose and pyruvate were measured in the effluent fluid. MSC-/EV-treated kidneys showed significantly less global ischaemic damage. In the MSC/EV groups, there was up-regulation of three genes encoding enzymes known to improve cell energy metabolism and three genes encoding proteins involved in ion membrane transport. In the effluent fluid, lactate, LDH, MDA and glucose were significantly lower and pyruvate higher in MSC/EV kidneys as compared with BS, suggesting the larger use of energy substrates by MSC/EV kidneys. The addition of MSC/EV to BS during HMP protects the kidney from ischaemic injury by preserving the enzymatic machinery essential for cell viability and protects the kidney from reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- PhD School of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- PhD School of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Chiara Rocca
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Samantha Milanesi
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Andrea Peloso
- Unit of General SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular MedicineFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Cell Factory and Research Laboratory‐Department of PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Melissa Mantelli
- Cell Factory and Research Laboratory‐Department of PediatricsFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Marcello Maestri
- PhD School of Experimental MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Unit of General SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of NephrologyDialysis and TransplantationFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
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312
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Heizati M, Li N, Shao L, Yao X, Wang Y, Hong J, Zhou L, Zhang D, Chang G, Abulikemu S. Does increased serum d-lactate mean subclinical hyperpermeability of intestinal barrier in middle-aged nonobese males with OSA? Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9144. [PMID: 29245360 PMCID: PMC5728975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Few attention has been directed to the potential effects of intermittent hypoxia experienced in obstructive sleep apnea on the integrity and permeability of intestinal barrier, particularly in adults. Therefore, we evaluated alteration in serum d-lactate concentration in middle-aged males with obstructive sleep apnea to value permeability of intestinal barrier. In this current cross-sectional study, consecutive 159 males were studied. Obstructive sleep apnea was determined by polysomnography and apnea hypopnea index ≥15 event/h was defined as obstructive sleep apnea. D-lactate, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α by ELISA method. Nonobese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) males showed significantly higher serum d-LA than did nonobese [1374.35 (816-1735) μg/L vs 1166.43 (730-1815) μg/L, P = .018], and obese non-OSA ones [1374.35 (816-1735) μg/L vs 1188.75 (736-1557) μg/L, P = .045], whereas serum LBP levels showed no differences within groups. Serum IL-1β was also slightly higher in nonobese OSA males, but with statistical significance, than in nonobese (19.39 ± 4.67 ng/L vs 17.25 ± 3.66 ng/L, P = .041), and obese non-OSA ones (19.39 ± 4.67 ng/L vs 17.42 ± 3.79 ng/L, P = .047), whereas other biomarkers, IL-6 and TNF-a did not show significant differences among groups. In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, serum d-LA was independently positively associated with AHI (B = 5.577, P = .022), and ODI3 (B = 4.550, P = .024) and negatively with LSaO2 (B = -12.234, P = .019). Finally, we arrived at a conclusion that serum d-lactate was increased in nonobese middle-aged males with obstrutive sleep apnea, possibly suggesting existence of subclinical disruption of intestinal barrier, and showed significant associations with inflammatory mediators, possibly being involved in systemic inflammation of obstructive sleep apnea.
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313
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Lalau JD, Kajbaf F, Protti A, Christensen MM, De Broe ME, Wiernsperger N. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA): Moving towards a new paradigm. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:1502-1512. [PMID: 28417525 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although metformin has been used for over 60 years, the balance between the drug's beneficial and adverse effects is still subject to debate. Following an analysis of how cases of so-called "metformin-associated lactic acidosis" (MALA) are reported in the literature, the present article reviews the pitfalls to be avoided when assessing the purported association between metformin and lactic acidosis. By starting from pathophysiological considerations, we propose a new paradigm for lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Metformin therapy does not necessarily induce metformin accumulation, just as metformin accumulation does not necessarily induce hyperlactatemia, and hyperlactatemia does not necessarily induce lactic acidosis. In contrast to the conventional view, MALA probably accounts for a smaller proportion of cases than either metformin-unrelated lactic acidosis or metformin-induced lactic acidosis. Lastly, this review highlights the need for substantial improvements in the reporting of cases of lactic acidosis in metformin-treated patients. Accordingly, we propose a check-list as a guide to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Daniel Lalau
- Department of Endocrinology-Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Farshad Kajbaf
- Department of Endocrinology-Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Alessandro Protti
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Fondazione Ca' Granda, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mette M Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marc E De Broe
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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314
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Dell'Anna AM, Sandroni C, Lamanna I, Belloni I, Donadello K, Creteur J, Vincent JL, Taccone FS. Prognostic implications of blood lactate concentrations after cardiac arrest: a retrospective study. Ann Intensive Care 2017; 7:101. [PMID: 28986863 PMCID: PMC5630540 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-017-0321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated lactate concentration has been associated with increased mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA). We investigated the variables associated with high blood lactate concentrations and explored the relationship between blood lactate and neurological outcome in this setting. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of an institutional database that included all adult (> 18 years) patients admitted to a multidisciplinary Department of Intensive Care between January 2009 and January 2013 after resuscitation from CA. Blood lactate concentrations were collected at hospital admission and 6, 12, 24 and 48 h thereafter. Neurological outcome was evaluated 3 months post-CA using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score: a CPC of 3–5 was used to define a poor outcome. Results Of the 236 patients included, 162 (69%) had a poor outcome. On admission, median lactate concentrations (5.3[2.9–9.0] vs. 2.5[1.5–5.5], p < 0.001) and cardiovascular sequential organ failure assessment (cSOFA) score (3[0–4] vs. 0[0–3], p = 0.003) were higher in patients with poor than in those with favourable outcomes. Lactate concentrations were higher in patients with poor outcomes at all time points. Lactate concentrations were similar in patients with out-of-hospital and in-hospital CA at all time points. After adjustment, high admission lactate was independently associated with a poor neurological outcome (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.08–1.30; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, use of vasopressors and high PaO2 on admission, longer time to return of spontaneous circulation and altered renal function were associated with high admission lactate concentrations. Conclusions High lactate concentrations on admission were an independent predictor of poor neurological recovery post-CA, but the time course was not related to outcome. Prolonged resuscitation, use of vasopressors, high PaO2 and altered renal function were predictors of high lactate concentrations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0321-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maria Dell'Anna
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sandroni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Catholic University School of Medicine, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Lamanna
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Belloni
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Donadello
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.,Anaesthesia and Intensive Care B, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, AOUI-University Hospital Integrated Trust of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Jacques Creteur
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vincent
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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315
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Andersen LW. Lactate Elevation During and After Major Cardiac Surgery in Adults: A Review of Etiology, Prognostic Value, and Management. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:743-752. [PMID: 28277327 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Elevated lactate is a common occurrence after cardiac surgery. This review summarizes the literature on the complex etiology of lactate elevation during and after cardiac surgery, including considerations of oxygen delivery, oxygen utilization, increased metabolism, lactate clearance, medications and fluids, and postoperative complications. Second, the association between lactate and a variety of outcomes are described, and the prognostic role of lactate is critically assessed. Despite the fact that elevated lactate is strongly associated with many important outcomes, including postoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality, little is known about the optimal management of postoperative patients with lactate elevations. This review ends with an assessment of the limited literature on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars W Andersen
- From the *Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; †Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; ‡Department of Anesthesiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; and §Department of Medicine, Regional Hospital Holstebro, Aarhus University, Holstebro, Denmark
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316
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Lucertini F, Gervasi M, D'Amen G, Sisti D, Rocchi MBL, Stocchi V, Benelli P. Effect of water-based recovery on blood lactate removal after high-intensity exercise. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184240. [PMID: 28877225 PMCID: PMC5587270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of water immersion to the shoulders in enhancing blood lactate removal during active and passive recovery after short-duration high-intensity exercise. Seventeen cyclists underwent active water- and land-based recoveries and passive water and land-based recoveries. The recovery conditions lasted 31 minutes each and started after the identification of each cyclist's blood lactate accumulation peak, induced by a 30-second all-out sprint on a cycle ergometer. Active recoveries were performed on a cycle ergometer at 70% of the oxygen consumption corresponding to the lactate threshold (the control for the intensity was oxygen consumption), while passive recoveries were performed with subjects at rest and seated on the cycle ergometer. Blood lactate concentration was measured 8 times during each recovery condition and lactate clearance was modeled over a negative exponential function using non-linear regression. Actual active recovery intensity was compared to the target intensity (one sample t-test) and passive recovery intensities were compared between environments (paired sample t-tests). Non-linear regression parameters (coefficients of the exponential decay of lactate; predicted resting lactates; predicted delta decreases in lactate) were compared between environments (linear mixed model analyses for repeated measures) separately for the active and passive recovery modes. Active recovery intensities did not differ significantly from the target oxygen consumption, whereas passive recovery resulted in a slightly lower oxygen consumption when performed while immersed in water rather than on land. The exponential decay of blood lactate was not significantly different in water- or land-based recoveries in either active or passive recovery conditions. In conclusion, water immersion at 29°C would not appear to be an effective practice for improving post-exercise lactate removal in either the active or passive recovery modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Gervasi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo D'Amen
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Service of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno Luigi Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Service of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Benelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences–Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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317
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Wu Y, Wang M, Feng H, Peng Y, Sun J, Qu X, Li C. Lactate induces osteoblast differentiation by stabilization of HIF1α. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 452:84-92. [PMID: 28536031 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by Wnt signaling or PTH treatment. However, it is still unclear whether lactate, the end product of aerobic glycolysis, plays any role in osteoblast differentiation. Herein we report that in cultures of osteoblast-lineage cells, lactate promoted alkaline phosphatase-positive cell formation, increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and induced the expression of osteocalcin. This osteoblast differentiation-inducing effect of lactate can be inhibited by blocking its entry into cells with MCT1 siRNA or inhibitors, and by interfering with its metabolism by using specific siRNAs for LDHB and PDH. Moreover, lactate stabilized HIF1α expression and inhibited HIF1α activity, with BAY87-2243 lowering the osteoblast differentiation-inducing effect of lactate. Thus, these findings reveal an unrecognized role for aerobic glycolysis in osteoblast differentiation via its end product, lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyun Sun
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxia Qu
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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318
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Wu MC, Ye WR, Zheng YJ, Zhang SS. Oxamate Enhances the Anti-Inflammatory and Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Metformin in Diabetic Mice. Pharmacology 2017; 100:218-228. [PMID: 28728159 DOI: 10.1159/000478909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is the first-line drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, MET increases blood lactate levels in patients with T2DM. Lactate possesses proinflammatory properties and causes insulin resistance (IR). Oxamate (OXA), a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, can decrease tissue lactate production and blood lactate levels. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the combination of OXA and MET on inflammation, and IR in diabetic db/db mice. Supplementation of OXA to MET led to lowered tissue lactate production and serum lactate levels compared to MET alone, accompanied with further decreased tissue and blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with better insulin sensitivity, beta-cell mass, and glycemic control in diabetic db/db mice. These results show that OXA enhances the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of MET through the inhibition of tissue lactate production in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chao Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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319
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Kim EB, Kim KS, Lee SM, Son YK, Kim SE, An WS. A Case of Lactate Containing Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Induced Lactic Acidosis Corrected by Changing to Hemodialysis. KOSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7180/kmj.2017.32.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated lactate levels are associated with acute illnesses, and the mortality is high. Here, we report a case of lactate-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution inducing lactic acidosis corrected by changing to hemodialysis (HD). This 70-year-old female patient was treated with PD 8 months previously for end-stage renal disease caused by diabetes mellitus. She was admitted complaining of general weakness. Initial lactate level was 22.1 mg/dL and increased to 62.4 mg/dL showing high anion gap metabolic acidosis and compensatory hyperventilation. There are no definite causes of lactic acidosis besides the use of PD solutions containing a lactate component. The patient's lactate level was decreased after temporarily changing the dialysis modality to HD. Her lactate level was increased again after restarting PD, and decreased to normal after restarting HD. We report this case because physicians should consider lactate-containing PD solution as a possible cause of lactic acidosis.
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320
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Jang HJ, Kim DM, Kim KB, Park JW, Choi JY, Oh JH, Song KD, Kim S, Cho BW. Analysis of metabolomic patterns in thoroughbreds before and after exercise. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1633-1642. [PMID: 28728374 PMCID: PMC5666199 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evaluation of exercise effects in racehorses is important in horseracing industry and animal health care. In this study, we compared metabolic patterns between before and after exercise to screen metabolic biomarkers for exercise effects in thoroughbreds. Methods The concentration of metabolites in muscle, plasma, and urine was measured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis and the relative metabolite levels in the three samples were compared between before and after exercise. Subsequently, multivariate data analysis based on the metabolic profiles was performed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and variable important plots and t-test was used for basic statistical analysis. Results From 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis, 35, 25, and 34 metabolites were detected in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Aspartate, betaine, choline, cysteine, ethanol, and threonine were increased over 2-fold in the muscle; propionate and trimethylamine were increased over 2-fold in the plasma; and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were increased over 2-fold whereas acetoacetate, arginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, glutarate, hippurate, lysine, methionine, phenylacetylglycine, taurine, trigonelline, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine N-oxide were decreased below 0.5-fold in the urine. The OPLS-DA showed clear separation of the metabolic patterns before and after exercise in the muscle, plasma, and urine. Statistical analysis showed that after exercise, acetoacetate, arginine, glutamine, hippurate, phenylacetylglycine trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and trigonelline were significantly decreased and alanine, glycerol, inosine, lactate, and pyruvate were significantly increased in the urine (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, we analyzed integrated metabolic patterns in the muscle, plasma, and urine before and after exercise in racehorses. We found changed patterns of metabolites in the muscle, plasma, and urine of racehorses before and after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Duk-Moon Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Jin Hyeog Oh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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321
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Wallis A, Ball M, McKechnie S, Butt H, Lewis DP, Bruck D. Examining clinical similarities between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and D-lactic acidosis: a systematic review. J Transl Med 2017; 15:129. [PMID: 28592308 PMCID: PMC5463382 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pursuit for clarity in diagnostic and treatment pathways for the complex, chronic condition of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) continues. This systematic review raises a novel question to explore possible overlapping aetiology in two distinct conditions. Similar neurocognitive symptoms and evidence of D-lactate producing bacteria in ME/CFS raise questions about shared mechanisms with the acute condition of D-lactic acidosis (D-la). METHODS D-la case reports published between 1965 and March 2016 were reviewed for episodes describing both neurological symptoms and high D-lactate levels. Fifty-nine D-la episodes were included in the qualitative synthesis comparing D-la symptoms with ME/CFS diagnostic criteria. A narrative review of D-la mechanisms and relevance for ME/CFS was provided. RESULTS The majority of neurological disturbances reported in D-la episodes overlapped with ME/CFS symptoms. Of these, the most frequently reported D-la symptoms were motor disturbances that appear more prominent during severe presentations of ME/CFS. Both patient groups shared a history of gastrointestinal abnormalities and evidence of bacterial dysbiosis, although only preliminary evidence supported the role of lactate-producing bacteria in ME/CFS. LIMITATIONS Interpretation of results are constrained by both the breadth of symptoms included in ME/CFS diagnostic criteria and the conservative methodology used for D-la symptom classification. Several pathophysiological mechanisms in ME/CFS were not examined. CONCLUSIONS Shared symptomatology and underlying microbiota-gut-brain interactions raise the possibility of a continuum of acute (D-la) versus chronic (ME/CFS) presentations related to D-lactate absorption. Measurement of D-lactate in ME/CFS is needed to effectively evaluate whether subclinical D-lactate levels affect neurological symptoms in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Wallis
- Psychology Department, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Psychology Department, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Sandra McKechnie
- College of Engineering & Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Henry Butt
- Bioscreen Yarraville (Aust) Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | | | - Dorothy Bruck
- Psychology Department, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
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322
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Herrera-Cruz MS, Simmen T. Cancer: Untethering Mitochondria from the Endoplasmic Reticulum? Front Oncol 2017; 7:105. [PMID: 28603693 PMCID: PMC5445141 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) as a hub for lipid metabolism in 1990 and its description as one of the first examples for membrane contact sites at the turn of the century, the past decade has seen the emergence of this structure as a potential regulator of cancer growth and metabolism. The mechanistic basis for this hypothesis is that the MAM accommodates flux of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. This flux then determines mitochondrial ATP production, known to be low in many tumors as part of the Warburg effect. However, low mitochondrial Ca2+ flux also reduces the propensity of tumor cells to undergo apoptosis, another cancer hallmark. Numerous regulators of this flux have been recently identified as MAM proteins. Not surprisingly, many fall into the groups of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Given the important role that the MAM could play in cancer, it is expected that proteins mediating its formation are particularly implicated in tumorigenesis. Examples for such proteins are mitofusin-2 and phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 that likely act as tumor suppressors. This review discusses how these proteins that mediate or regulate ER–mitochondria tethering are (or are not) promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis. The emerging picture of MAMs in cancer seems to indicate that in addition to the downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ import, MAM defects are but one way how cancer cells control mitochondria metabolism and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sol Herrera-Cruz
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Simmen
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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323
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Leoni V, Nury T, Vejux A, Zarrouk A, Caccia C, Debbabi M, Fromont A, Sghaier R, Moreau T, Lizard G. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in 7-ketocholesterol-treated 158N oligodendrocytes without or with α-tocopherol: Impacts on the cellular profil of tricarboxylic cycle-associated organic acids, long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, oxysterols, cholesterol and cholesterol precursors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:96-110. [PMID: 27020660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) a process of white matter degradation leading to demyelination is observed. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis and/or autophagy result together into a progressive loss of oligodendrocytes. 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), found increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, triggers a rupture of RedOx homeostasis associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, aptoptosis and autophagy (oxiapoptophagy) in cultured murine oligodendrocytes (158N). α-tocopherol is able to mild the alterations induced by 7KC partially restoring the cellular homeostasis. In presence of 7KC, the amount of adherent 158N cells was decreased and oxidative stress was enhanced. An increase of caspase-3 and PARP degradation (evidences of apoptosis), and an increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (criterion of autophagy), were detected. These events were associated with a decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and by a decrease of oxidative phosphorylation revealed by reduced NAD+ and ATP. The cellular lactate was higher while pyruvate, citrate, fumarate, succinate (tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates) were significantly reduced in exposed cells, suggesting that an impairment of mitochondrial respiratory functions could lead to an increase of lactate production and to a reduced amount of ATP and acetyl-CoA available for the anabolic pathways. The concentration of sterol precursors lathosterol, lanosterol and desmosterol were significantly reduced together with satured and unsatured long chain fatty acids (C16:0 - C18:0, structural elements of membrane phospholipids). Such reductions were milder with α-tocopherol. It is likely that the cell death induced by 7KC is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, including alterations of oxidative phosphorylation, which could result from lipid anabolism dysfunctions, especially on TCA cycle intermediates. A better knowledge of mitochondrial associated dysfunctions triggered by 7KC will contribute to bring new information on the demyelination processes which are linked with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, especially in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy; Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
| | - Thomas Nury
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, & Univ. Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Meryam Debbabi
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, & Univ. Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Agnès Fromont
- Department of Neurology, Univ. Hospital/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health', Monastir, & Univ. Sousse, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Department of Neurology, Univ. Hospital/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270/Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté/INSERM, Dijon, France.
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324
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Host cell-derived lactate functions as an effector molecule in Neisseria meningitidis microcolony dispersal. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006251. [PMID: 28384279 PMCID: PMC5383330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of meningococcal disease, caused by the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis, is preceded by the colonization of the epithelial layer in the nasopharynx. After initial adhesion to host cells meningococci form aggregates, through pilus-pilus interactions, termed microcolonies from which the bacteria later detach. Dispersal from microcolonies enables access to new colonization sites and facilitates the crossing of the cell barrier; however, this process is poorly understood. In this study, we used live-cell imaging to investigate the process of N. meningitidis microcolony dispersal. We show that direct contact with host cells is not required for microcolony dispersal, instead accumulation of a host-derived effector molecule induces microcolony dispersal. By using a host-cell free approach, we demonstrated that lactate, secreted from host cells, initiate rapid dispersal of microcolonies. Interestingly, metabolic utilization of lactate by the bacteria was not required for induction of dispersal, suggesting that lactate plays a role as a signaling molecule. Furthermore, Neisseria gonorrhoeae microcolony dispersal could also be induced by lactate. These findings reveal a role of host-secreted lactate in microcolony dispersal and virulence of pathogenic Neisseria. The human restricted pathogen Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis worldwide. Colonization of the mucosal layer in the upper respiratory tract is essential to establish invasive disease. The initial interaction with host cells is characterized by bacterial proliferation and adhesion as aggregates, called microcolonies. Detachment from microcolonies in the nasopharyngeal epithelium facilitates crossing of the cell barrier that can result in invasive disease, yet this process is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that lactate, an abundant molecule in host mucosal environments, induces N. meningitidis microcolony dispersal. Interestingly, metabolic utilization of lactate by the bacteria was not required for the process, suggesting that lactate play a role as a signaling molecule in pathogenic Neisseria. We propose that the microcolony dispersal in pathogenic Neisseria is influenced by environmental concentrations of lactate. These findings will assist in better understanding the transition from asymptomatic carriage to invasive disease.
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325
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Mizen K, Woodman J, Boysen SR, Wagg C, Greco-Otto P, Léguillette R, Roy MF. Effect of Dexamethasone on Resting Blood Lactate Concentrations in Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 31:164-169. [PMID: 28019037 PMCID: PMC5259638 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood lactate concentration is a marker of tissue perfusion and helps guide therapeutic interventions in critically ill horses. In both humans and dogs, administration of corticosteroids can increase blood lactate concentration, leading to type B hyperlactatemia. This effect could be a consequence of the impact of corticosteroids on glucose metabolism. Objectives To investigate the effects of daily IM dexamethasone administration on blood lactate and glucose concentrations in horses. Animals Nine healthy adult horses. Methods A randomized, blinded, controlled, cross‐over study design was used. Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, either receiving 0.05 mg/kg of dexamethasone IM or an equivalent volume of saline, daily for 7 days. Blood was collected to determine lactate and glucose concentrations at baseline, 2 hours after the daily injections and 24 hours after the last injection. Results Dexamethasone treatment had a statistically significant effect on lactate (P = .006) and glucose (P = .033) concentrations. The least squares mean lactate concentration was 0.93 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.87–0.99) in the dexamethasone group compared to 0.71 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.70–0.73) for the saline group. A positive relationship between blood lactate and glucose concentrations was identified, with a 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.05–0.09) increase in lactate concentration per unit increase in glucose (P < .0001) concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dexamethasone induces statistically significant increases in blood lactate and glucose concentrations in healthy horses. Awareness of the potential for corticosteroids to induce type B hyperlactatemia might be important in the management of critically ill horses receiving dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mizen
- Northside Veterinary Clinic, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - J Woodman
- Alpine Pet Hospital, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S R Boysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C Wagg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - P Greco-Otto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Léguillette
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M-F Roy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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326
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Gillespie Í, Rosenstein PG, Hughes D. Update: Clinical Use of Plasma Lactate. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 47:325-342. [PMID: 27914760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactate is an essential, versatile metabolic fuel in cellular bioenergetics. In human emergency and critical care, lactate is used as a biomarker and therapeutic endpoint and evidence is growing in veterinary medicine supporting its clinical utility. Lactate production is a protective response providing ongoing cellular energy during tissue hypoperfusion or hypoxia and mitigating acidosis. Hence, hyperlactatemia is closely associated with disease severity but it is an epiphenomenon as the body attempts to protect itself. This article reviews lactate biochemistry, kinetics, pathophysiology, some practical aspects of measuring lactate, as well as its use in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íde Gillespie
- Emergency and Critical Care Service, UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Melbourne, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Patricia G Rosenstein
- Emergency and Critical Care Service, UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Melbourne, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Dez Hughes
- Emergency and Critical Care Service, UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Melbourne, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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327
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Abdulsamad M, Ihimoyan A. Viekira Pak Induced Fatal Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report of an Unusual Side Effect. Case Reports Hepatol 2016; 2016:8627139. [PMID: 28044114 PMCID: PMC5156790 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8627139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viekira Pak is a new direct-acting antiviral agent that has an excellent efficacy in treating patients with chronic HCV. FDA released a safety warning that Viekira Pak can cause serious liver injury mostly in patients with underlying advanced liver disease. We report the first case of fatal lactic acidosis presenting 3 days after initiating therapy with Viekira Pak. Although it is very hard to precisely determine the cause of lactic acidosis, our case highlights an unusual side effect that ensued after starting the medication. Given the complexity of drug-drug interactions that can happen with the new direct-acting antiviral agents and the paucity of data regarding coadministration and methods of monitoring, a thorough review should be pursued prior to initiating these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molham Abdulsamad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, 1650 Selwyn Avenue, Suite No. 10C, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Ariyo Ihimoyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, 1650 Selwyn Avenue, Suite No. 10C, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
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328
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Garcia DM, Dietrich D, Clardy J, Jarosz DF. A common bacterial metabolite elicits prion-based bypass of glucose repression. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27906649 PMCID: PMC5132342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust preference for fermentative glucose metabolism has motivated domestication of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This program can be circumvented by a protein-based genetic element, the [GAR+] prion, permitting simultaneous metabolism of glucose and other carbon sources. Diverse bacteria can elicit yeast cells to acquire [GAR+], although the molecular details of this interaction remain unknown. Here we identify the common bacterial metabolite lactic acid as a strong [GAR+] inducer. Transient exposure to lactic acid caused yeast cells to heritably circumvent glucose repression. This trait had the defining genetic properties of [GAR+], and did not require utilization of lactic acid as a carbon source. Lactic acid also induced [GAR+]-like epigenetic states in fungi that diverged from S. cerevisiae ~200 million years ago, and in which glucose repression evolved independently. To our knowledge, this is the first study to uncover a bacterial metabolite with the capacity to potently induce a prion. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17978.001 We communicate with each other using speech, writing and physical gestures. But how do bacteria, yeast and other single-celled microbes communicate? In 2014, researchers reported a new example of communication between bacteria and yeast in which the bacteria send a chemical message that has a very long-lasting effect on how the yeast grow in certain environments. This in turn also affected the ability of the bacteria to survive in these environments. The identity of the chemical message produced by the bacteria, however, was not known. Garcia, Dietrich et al. – including one of the researchers from the previous study – used biochemical and genetic approaches to identify the chemical message. The experiments show that the message is a molecule called lactic acid, which is very common in nature and is produced by many bacteria. Garcia, Dietrich et al. found out how much lactic acid is needed to alter the growth of brewer’s yeast, and which genes in yeast are involved in responding to the message from the bacteria. Further experiments suggest that the ability of yeast and bacteria to communicate using lactic acid is likely to have existed for hundreds of millions of years. The next step following this work will be to identify other chemical messages used by microbes. The human body is packed with billions of bacterial cells, and in some cases yeast can also take up residence. A future challenge will be to find out if bacteria and yeast inside the human body are able to communicate with each other in ways that could affect our health. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17978.002
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - David Dietrich
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jon Clardy
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Daniel F Jarosz
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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329
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Proia P, Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Fricano A, Di Liegro I. Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1450. [PMID: 27598136 PMCID: PMC5037729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two hundred years after its discovery, lactate still remains an intriguing molecule. Considered for a long time as a waste product of metabolism and the culprit behind muscular fatigue, it was then recognized as an important fuel for many cells. In particular, in the nervous system, it has been proposed that lactate, released by astrocytes in response to neuronal activation, is taken up by neurons, oxidized to pyruvate and used for synthesizing acetyl-CoA to be used for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. More recently, in addition to this metabolic role, the discovery of a specific receptor prompted a reconsideration of its role, and lactate is now seen as a sort of hormone, even involved in processes as complex as memory formation and neuroprotection. As a matter of fact, exercise offers many benefits for our organisms, and seems to delay brain aging and neurodegeneration. Now, exercise induces the production and release of lactate into the blood which can reach the liver, the heart, and also the brain. Can lactate be a beneficial molecule produced during exercise, and offer neuroprotection? In this review, we summarize what we have known on lactate, discussing the roles that have been attributed to this molecule over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Proia
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Anna Fricano
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
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330
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Meissen JK, Pirman DA, Wan M, Miller E, Jatkar A, Miller R, Steenwyk RC, Blatnik M. Phenotyping hepatocellular metabolism using uniformly labeled carbon-13 molecular probes and LC-HRMS stable isotope tracing. Anal Biochem 2016; 508:129-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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331
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Juul T, Palm F, Nielsen PM, Bertelsen LB, Laustsen C. Ex vivo hyperpolarized MR spectroscopy on isolated renal tubular cells: A novel technique for cell energy phenotyping. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:457-461. [PMID: 27529808 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been demonstrated that hyperpolarized 13 C MR is a useful tool to study cultured cells. However, cells in culture can alter phenotype, which raises concerns regarding the in vivo significance of such findings. Here we investigate if metabolic phenotyping using hyperpolarized 13 C MR is suitable for cells isolated from kidney tissue, without prior cell culture. METHODS Isolation of tubular cells from freshly excised kidney tissue and treatment with either ouabain or antimycin A was investigated with hyperpolarized MR spectroscopy on a 9.4 Tesla preclinical imaging system. RESULTS Isolation of tubular cells from less than 2 g of kidney tissue generally resulted in more than 10 million live tubular cells. This amount of cells was enough to yield robust signals from the conversion of 13 C-pyruvate to lactate, bicarbonate and alanine, demonstrating that metabolic flux by means of both anaerobic and aerobic pathways can be quantified using this technique. CONCLUSION Ex vivo metabolic phenotyping using hyperpolarized 13 C MR in a preclinical system is a useful technique to study energy metabolism in freshly isolated renal tubular cells. This technique has the potential to advance our understanding of both normal cell physiology as well as pathological processes contributing to kidney disease. Magn Reson Med 78:457-461, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Juul
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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332
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Tumor growth affects the metabonomic phenotypes of multiple mouse non-involved organs in an A549 lung cancer xenograft model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28057. [PMID: 27329570 PMCID: PMC4916411 DOI: 10.1038/srep28057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of tumorigenesis and tumor growth on the non-involved organs remain poorly understood although many research efforts have already been made for understanding the metabolic phenotypes of various tumors. To better the situation, we systematically analyzed the metabolic phenotypes of multiple non-involved mouse organ tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney) in an A549 lung cancer xenograft model at two different tumor-growth stages using the NMR-based metabonomics approaches. We found that tumor growth caused significant metabonomic changes in multiple non-involved organ tissues involving numerous metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, TCA cycle and metabolisms of amino acids, fatty acids, choline and nucleic acids. Amongst these, the common effects are enhanced glycolysis and nucleoside/nucleotide metabolisms. These findings provided essential biochemistry information about the effects of tumor growth on the non-involved organs.
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333
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Lussier F, Brulé T, Vishwakarma M, Das T, Spatz JP, Masson JF. Dynamic-SERS Optophysiology: A Nanosensor for Monitoring Cell Secretion Events. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3866-71. [PMID: 27172291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We monitored metabolite secretion near living cells using a plasmonic nanosensor. The nanosensor created from borosilicate nanopipettes analogous to the patch clamp was decorated with Au nanoparticles and served as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with addressable location. With this nanosensor, we acquired SERS locally near Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCKII) epithelial cells, and we detected multiple metabolites, such as pyruvate, lactate, ATP, and urea simultaneously. These plasmonic nanosensors were capable of monitoring metabolites in the extracellular medium with enough sensitivity to detect an increase in metabolite concentration following the lyses of MDCKII cells with a nonionic surfactant. The plasmonic nanosensors also allowed a relative quantification of a chemical gradient for a metabolite near cells, as demonstrated with a decrease in relative lactate to pyruvate concentration further away from the MDCKII cells. This SERS optophysiology technique for the sensitive and nondestructive monitoring of extracellular metabolites near living cells is broadly applicable to different cellular and tissue models and should therefore provide a powerful tool for cellular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lussier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Thibault Brulé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Medhavi Vishwakarma
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Department of Biointerface Science & Technology, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamal Das
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Department of Biointerface Science & Technology, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research , Department of Biointerface Science & Technology, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-François Masson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada
- Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS) , 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6 Canada
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334
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Identification of lactate dehydrogenase as a mammalian pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-binding protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26723. [PMID: 27230956 PMCID: PMC4882622 DOI: 10.1038/srep26723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a redox-active o-quinone, is an important nutrient involved in numerous physiological and biochemical processes in mammals. Despite such beneficial functions, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be established. In the present study, using PQQ-immobilized Sepharose beads as a probe, we examined the presence of protein(s) that are capable of binding PQQ in mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and identified five cellular proteins, including l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) A chain, as potential mammalian PQQ-binding proteins. In vitro studies using a purified rabbit muscle LDH show that PQQ inhibits the formation of lactate from pyruvate in the presence of NADH (forward reaction), whereas it enhances the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in the presence of NAD+ (reverse reaction). The molecular mechanism underlying PQQ-mediated regulation of LDH activity is attributed to the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ by PQQ. Indeed, the PQQ-bound LDH oxidizes NADH, generating NAD+, and significantly catalyzes the conversion of lactate to pyruvate. Furthermore, PQQ attenuates cellular lactate release and increases intracellular ATP levels in the NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. Our results suggest that PQQ, modulating LDH activity to facilitate pyruvate formation through its redox-cycling activity, may be involved in the enhanced energy production via mitochondrial TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
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335
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Se CH, Chuah KA, Mishra A, Wickneswari R, Karupaiah T. Evaluating Crossbred Red Rice Variants for Postprandial Glucometabolic Responses: A Comparison with Commercial Varieties. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050308. [PMID: 27213446 PMCID: PMC4882720 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of white rice predisposes some Asian populations to increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We compared the postprandial glucometabolic responses to three newly-developed crossbred red rice variants (UKMRC9, UKMRC10, UKMRC11) against three selected commercial rice types (Thai red, Basmati white, Jasmine white) using 50-g carbohydrate equivalents provided to 12 normoglycaemic adults in a crossover design. Venous blood was drawn fasted and postprandially for three hours. Glycaemic (GI) and insulin (II) indices, incremental areas-under-the-curves for glucose and insulin (IAUCins), indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion, lactate and peptide hormones (motilin, neuropeptide-Y, orexin-A) were analyzed. The lowest to highest trends for GI and II were similar i.e., UKMRC9 < Basmati < Thai red < UKMRC10 < UKMRC11 < Jasmine. Postprandial insulinaemia and IAUCins of only UKMRC9 were significantly the lowest compared to Jasmine. Crude protein and fiber content correlated negatively with the GI values of the test rice. Although peptide hormones were not associated with GI and II characteristics of test rice, early and late phases of prandial neuropeptide-Y changes were negatively correlated with postprandial insulinaemia. This study indicated that only UKMRC9 among the new rice crossbreeds could serve as an alternative cereal option to improve diet quality of Asians with its lowest glycaemic and insulinaemic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Hee Se
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Khun-Aik Chuah
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Ankitta Mishra
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Ratnam Wickneswari
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
| | - Tilakavati Karupaiah
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
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336
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Jha MK, Lee IK, Suk K. Metabolic reprogramming by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-lactic acid axis: Linking metabolism and diverse neuropathophysiologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:1-19. [PMID: 27179453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that there is a complex interplay between metabolism and chronic disorders in the nervous system. In particular, the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinase (PDK)-lactic acid axis is a critical link that connects metabolic reprogramming and the pathophysiology of neurological disorders. PDKs, via regulation of PDH complex activity, orchestrate the conversion of pyruvate either aerobically to acetyl-CoA, or anaerobically to lactate. The kinases are also involved in neurometabolic dysregulation under pathological conditions. Lactate, an energy substrate for neurons, is also a recently acknowledged signaling molecule involved in neuronal plasticity, neuron-glia interactions, neuroimmune communication, and nociception. More recently, the PDK-lactic acid axis has been recognized to modulate neuronal and glial phenotypes and activities, contributing to the pathophysiologies of diverse neurological disorders. This review covers the recent advances that implicate the PDK-lactic acid axis as a novel linker of metabolism and diverse neuropathophysiologies. We finally explore the possibilities of employing the PDK-lactic acid axis and its downstream mediators as putative future therapeutic strategies aimed at prevention or treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithilesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Cobianchi L, Peloso A, Filisetti C, Mojoli F, Sciutti F. Serum lactate level as a useful predictor of clinical outcome after surgery: an unfulfilled potential? J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E295-7. [PMID: 27162686 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.03.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cobianchi
- 1 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 2 "V. Buzzi" Children Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pavia, PhD School Milan, Italy ; 3 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 4 Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Peloso
- 1 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 2 "V. Buzzi" Children Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pavia, PhD School Milan, Italy ; 3 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 4 Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Filisetti
- 1 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 2 "V. Buzzi" Children Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pavia, PhD School Milan, Italy ; 3 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 4 Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Mojoli
- 1 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 2 "V. Buzzi" Children Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pavia, PhD School Milan, Italy ; 3 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 4 Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciutti
- 1 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, General Surgery Department, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 2 "V. Buzzi" Children Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pavia, PhD School Milan, Italy ; 3 Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; 4 Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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338
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Lin-Hendel EG, McManus MJ, Wallace DC, Anderson SA, Golden JA. Differential Mitochondrial Requirements for Radially and Non-radially Migrating Cortical Neurons: Implications for Mitochondrial Disorders. Cell Rep 2016; 15:229-37. [PMID: 27050514 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, childhood epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder, conditions also associated with cortical GABAergic interneuron dysfunction. Although interneurons have some of the highest metabolic demands in the postnatal brain, the importance of mitochondria during interneuron development is unknown. We find that interneuron migration from the basal forebrain to the neocortex is highly sensitive to perturbations in oxidative phosphorylation. Both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of adenine nucleotide transferase 1 (Ant1) disrupts the non-radial migration of interneurons, but not the radial migration of cortical projection neurons. The selective dependence of cortical interneuron migration on oxidative phosphorylation may be a mechanistic pathway upon which multiple developmental and metabolic pathologies converge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika G Lin-Hendel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Developmental, Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology, Biomedical Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meagan J McManus
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jeffrey A Golden
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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339
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Chaturvedi S, Singh AK, Keshari AK, Maity S, Sarkar S, Saha S. Human Metabolic Enzymes Deficiency: A Genetic Mutation Based Approach. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:9828672. [PMID: 27051561 PMCID: PMC4804091 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9828672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the extreme challenges in biology is to ameliorate the understanding of the mechanisms which emphasize metabolic enzyme deficiency (MED) and how these pretend to have influence on human health. However, it has been manifested that MED could be either inherited as inborn error of metabolism (IEM) or acquired, which carries a high risk of interrupted biochemical reactions. Enzyme deficiency results in accumulation of toxic compounds that may disrupt normal organ functions and cause failure in producing crucial biological compounds and other intermediates. The MED related disorders cover widespread clinical presentations and can involve almost any organ system. To sum up the causal factors of almost all the MED-associated disorders, we decided to embark on a less traveled but nonetheless relevant direction, by focusing our attention on associated gene family products, regulation of their expression, genetic mutation, and mutation types. In addition, the review also outlines the clinical presentations as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ashok K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Amit K. Keshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Siddhartha Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srimanta Sarkar
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana 502325, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
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340
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Romero-Garcia S, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Prado-Garcia H, Sánchez-García FJ. Lactate Contribution to the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Effects on Immune Cells and Therapeutic Relevance. Front Immunol 2016; 7:52. [PMID: 26909082 PMCID: PMC4754406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate, even under normoxic conditions; this phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is largely known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprograming serves to generate biosynthetic precursors, thus facilitating the survival of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. Extracellular lactate directs the metabolic reprograming of tumor cells, thereby serving as an additional selective pressure. Besides tumor cells, stromal cells are another source of lactate production in the tumor microenvironment, whose role in both tumor growth and the antitumor immune response is the subject of intense research. In this review, we provide an integral perspective of the relationship between lactate and the overall tumor microenvironment, from lactate structure to metabolic pathways for its synthesis, receptors, signaling pathways, lactate-producing cells, lactate-responding cells, and how all contribute to the tumor outcome. We discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion and we explore the possibility of targeting lactate metabolism for cancer treatment, as well as of using lactate as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - María Maximina B Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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341
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Catecholamines for inflammatory shock: a Jekyll-and-Hyde conundrum. Intensive Care Med 2016; 42:1387-97. [PMID: 26873833 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines are endogenous neurosignalling mediators and hormones. They are integral in maintaining homeostasis by promptly responding to any stressor. Their synthetic equivalents are the current mainstay of treatment in shock states to counteract myocardial depression and/or vasoplegia. These phenomena are related in large part to decreased adrenoreceptor sensitivity and altered adrenergic signalling, with resultant vascular and cardiomyocyte hyporeactivity. Catecholamines are predominantly used in supraphysiological doses to overcome these pathological consequences. However, these adrenergic agents cause direct organ damage and have multiple 'off-target' biological effects on immune, metabolic and coagulation pathways, most of which are not monitored or recognised at the bedside. Such detrimental consequences may contribute negatively to patient outcomes. This review explores the schizophrenic 'Jekyll-and-Hyde' characteristics of catecholamines in critical illness, as they are both necessary for survival yet detrimental in excess. This article covers catecholamine physiology, the pleiotropic effects of catecholamines on various body systems and pathways, and potential alternatives for haemodynamic support and adrenergic modulation in the critically ill.
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342
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Predicting the Occurrence of Hypotension in Stable Patients With Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Point-of-Care Lactate Testing. Crit Care Med 2016; 43:2409-15. [PMID: 26468697 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is difficult to assess risk in normotensive patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the initial lactate value can predict the in-hospital occurrence of hypotension in stable patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. DESIGN Retrospective, observational, single-center study. SETTING Emergency department of a tertiary-care, university-affiliated hospital during a 5-year period. PATIENTS Medical records of 3,489 patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who were normotensive at presentation to the emergency department. We analyzed the ability of point-of-care testing of lactate at emergency department admission to predict hypotension development (defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) within 24 hours after emergency department admission. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 1,003 patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 157 patients experienced hypotension within 24 hours. Lactate was independently associated with hypotension development (odds ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7), and the risk of hypotension significantly increased as the lactate increased from 2.5-4.9 mmol/L (odds ratio, 2.2) to 5.0-7.4 mmol/L (odds ratio, 4.0) and to greater than or equal to 7.5 mmol/L (odds ratio, 39.2) (p<0.001). Lactate elevation (≥2.5 mmol/L) was associated with 90% specificity and an 84% negative predictive value for hypotension development. When the lactate levels were greater than 5.0 mmol/L, the specificity and negative predictive value increased to 98% and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Point-of-care testing of lactate can predict in-hospital occurrence of hypotension in stable patients with acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, subsequently, prospective validate research will be required to clarify this.
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343
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Metabolic Connection of Inflammatory Pain: Pivotal Role of a Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase-Lactic Acid Axis. J Neurosci 2016; 35:14353-69. [PMID: 26490872 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1-4) are mitochondrial metabolic regulators that serve as decision makers via modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity to convert pyruvate either aerobically to acetyl-CoA or anaerobically to lactate. Metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory processes are two sides of the same coin in several pathophysiological conditions. The lactic acid surge associated with the metabolic shift has been implicated in diverse painful states. In this study, we investigated the role of PDK-PDH-lactic acid axis in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory pain. Deficiency of Pdk2 and/or Pdk4 in mice attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain hypersensitivities. Likewise, Pdk2/4 deficiency attenuated the localized lactic acid surge along with hallmarks of peripheral and central inflammation following intraplantar administration of CFA. In vitro studies supported the role of PDK2/4 as promoters of classical proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of PDKs or lactic acid production diminished CFA-induced inflammation and pain hypersensitivities. Thus, a PDK-PDH-lactic acid axis seems to mediate inflammation-driven chronic pain, establishing a connection between metabolism and inflammatory pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinases (PDKs) and their substrate PDH orchestrate the conversion of pyruvate either aerobically to acetyl-CoA or anaerobically to lactate. Lactate, the predominant end product of glycolysis, has recently been identified as a signaling molecule for neuron-glia interactions and neuronal plasticity. Pathological metabolic shift and subsequent lactic acid production are thought to play an important role in diverse painful states; however, their contribution to inflammation-driven pain is still to be comprehended. Here, we report that the PDK-PDH-lactic acid axis constitutes a key component of inflammatory pain pathogenesis. Our findings establish an unanticipated link between metabolism and inflammatory pain. This study unlocks a previously ill-explored research avenue for the metabolic control of inflammatory pain pathogenesis.
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344
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Moioli A, Maresca B, Manzione A, Napoletano AM, Coclite D, Pirozzi N, Punzo G, Menè P. Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profiling and management. J Nephrol 2016; 29:783-789. [PMID: 26800971 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metformin (MF) accumulation during acute kidney injury is associated with high anion gap lactic acidosis type B (MF-associated lactic acidosis, MALA), a serious medical condition leading to high mortality. Despite dose adjustment for renal failure, diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III-IV are at risk for rapid decline in renal function by whatever reason, so that MF toxicity might arise if the drug is not timely withdrawn. Sixteen consecutive patients were admitted to our Hospital's Emergency Department with clinical findings consistent with MALA. Fifteen had prior history of CKD, 60 % of them with GFR between 30 and 60 ml/min. Of these, 5 required mechanical ventilation and cardiovascular support; 3 promptly recovered renal function after rehydration, whereas 10 (62 %) required continuous veno-venous renal replacement treatment. SOFA and SAPS II scores were significantly related to the degree of lactic acidosis. In addition, lactate levels were relevant to therapeutic choices, since they were higher in dialyzed patients than in those on conservative treatment (11.92 mmol/l vs 5.7 mmol/l, p = 0.03). The overall death rate has been 31 %, with poorer prognosis for worse acidemia, as serum pH was significantly lower in non-survivors (pH 6.96 vs 7.16, p > 0.04). Our own data and a review of the literature suggest that aged, hemodynamically frail patients, with several comorbidities and CKD, are at greater risk of MALA, despite MF dosage adjustment. Moreover, renal replacement therapy rather than simple acidosis correction by administration of alkali seems the treatment of choice, based on eventual renal recovery and overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Moioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Maresca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Pirozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Punzo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy. .,Chair and Division of Nephrology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy. .,UOC Nefrologia, A.O. Sant'Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
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345
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de Oliveira MR, Nabavi SF, Manayi A, Daglia M, Hajheydari Z, Nabavi SM. Resveratrol and the mitochondria: From triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway to inducing mitochondrial biogenesis, a mechanistic view. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:727-45. [PMID: 26802309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria, the power plants of the cell, are known as a cross-road of different cellular signaling pathways. These cytoplasmic double-membraned organelles play a pivotal role in energy metabolism and regulate calcium flux in the cells. It is well known that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with different diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. A growing body of literature has shown that polyphenolic compounds exert direct effects on mitochondrial ultra-structure and function. Resveratrol is known as one of the most common bioactive constituents of red wine, which improves mitochondrial functions under in vitro and in vivo conditions. SCOPE OF REVIEW This paper aims to review the molecular pathways underlying the beneficial effects of resveratrol on mitochondrial structure and functions. In addition, we discuss the chemistry and main sources of resveratrol. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol represents the promising effects on mitochondria in different experimental models. However, there are several reports on the detrimental effects elicited by resveratrol on mitochondria. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE An understanding of the chemistry and source of resveratrol, its bioavailability and the promising effects on mitochondria brings a new hope to therapy of mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, CEP 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Zohreh Hajheydari
- Department of Dermatology, Boo Ali Sina (Avicenna) Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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346
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Mohamed LA, Tachikawa H, Gao XD, Nakanishi H. Yeast cell-based analysis of human lactate dehydrogenase isoforms. J Biochem 2015; 158:467-76. [PMID: 26126931 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has attracted attention as a potential target for cancer therapy and contraception. In this study, we reconstituted human lactic acid fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the goal of constructing a yeast cell-based LDH assay system. pdc null mutant yeast (mutated in the endogenous pyruvate decarboxylase genes) are unable to perform alcoholic fermentation; when grown in the presence of an electron transport chain inhibitor, pdc null strains exhibit a growth defect. We found that introduction of the human gene encoding LDHA complemented the pdc growth defect; this complementation depended on LDHA catalytic activity. Similarly, introduction of the human LDHC complemented the pdc growth defect, even though LDHC did not generate lactate at the levels seen with LDHA. In contrast, the human LDHB did not complement the yeast pdc null mutant, although LDHB did generate lactate in yeast cells. Expression of LDHB as a red fluorescent protein (RFP) fusion yielded blebs in yeast, whereas LDHA-RFP and LDHC-RFP fusion proteins exhibited cytosolic distribution. Thus, LDHB exhibits several unique features when expressed in yeast cells. Because yeast cells are amenable to genetic analysis and cell-based high-throughput screening, our pdc/LDH strains are expected to be of use for versatile analyses of human LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ahmed Mohamed
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China and
| | - Hiroyuki Tachikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China and
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China and
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347
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Elevated urinary d-lactate levels in patients with diabetes and microalbuminuria. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 116:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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348
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Katkova MA, Zabrodina GS, Muravyeva MS, Shavyrin AS, Baranov EV, Khrapichev AA, Ketkov SY. Facile One‐Pot Route toward Water‐Soluble Lanthanide–Copper–Glycinehydroximate 15‐Metallacrown‐5 Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina A. Katkova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, http://www.iomc.ras.ru/user/508
- Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zabrodina
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, http://www.iomc.ras.ru/user/508
- Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | | | - Andrey S. Shavyrin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, http://www.iomc.ras.ru/user/508
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, http://www.iomc.ras.ru/user/508
| | | | - Sergey Yu. Ketkov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia, http://www.iomc.ras.ru/user/508
- Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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349
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Valvona CJ, Fillmore HL, Nunn PB, Pilkington GJ. The Regulation and Function of Lactate Dehydrogenase A: Therapeutic Potential in Brain Tumor. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:3-17. [PMID: 26269128 PMCID: PMC8029296 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 120 types of brain tumor and approximately 45% of primary brain tumors are gliomas, of which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive with a median survival rate of 14 months. Despite progress in our knowledge, current therapies are unable to effectively combat primary brain tumors and patient survival remains poor. Tumor metabolism is important to consider in therapeutic approaches and is the focus of numerous research investigations. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a cytosolic enzyme, predominantly involved in anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect); however, it has multiple additional functions in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic tissues, which are not commonly known or discussed. This review summarizes what is currently known about the function of LDHA and identifies areas that would benefit from further exploration. The current knowledge of the role of LDHA in the brain and its potential as a therapeutic target for brain tumors will also be highlighted. The Warburg effect appears to be universal in tumors, including primary brain tumors, and LDHA (because of its involvement with this process) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Currently, there are, however, no suitable LDHA inhibitors available for tumor therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Valvona
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Helen L Fillmore
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Peter B Nunn
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Pilkington
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
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350
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Quines CB, Rosa SG, Chagas PM, da Rocha JT, Dobrachinski F, Carvalho NR, Soares FA, da Luz SCA, Nogueira CW. Homeostatic effect of p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function alterations induced by monosodium glutamate administration to rats. Amino Acids 2015; 48:137-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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