301
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Tan TX, Teng Y, Velasco JC. Youth's school experience: Testing the role of symptoms of anxiety and co-occurring symptoms of depression. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:526-538. [PMID: 31714616 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although symptoms of anxiety often coexist with symptoms of depression, little is known on how such coexistence affects youth's school experiences. OBJECTIVES We tested how the two types of behaviors, when coexisting, were associated with youth's negative attitude toward teachers, school, and poor peer relations. METHOD Data were collected from 203 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse youth (male: 24.6%; mean = 15.8 years, standard deviation = 2.4) with the 3rd edition of the Behavioral Assessment for Children: Self-Report of Personality. RESULTS Scores for symptoms of depression alone explained negative attitude toward teachers (β = .28; R2 = 17.88%), negative attitude toward school (β = .27; R2 = 14.74%), and poor peer relations (β = .42; R2 = 44.60%) as effectively as scores for both types of behaviors did. CONCLUSION The coexistence of symptoms of anxiety and depression did not appear to impair youth's attitude toward teachers, school and peer relations more than symptoms of depression did alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Xing Tan
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.,English Department, School of Foreign Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuejia Teng
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Juliana C Velasco
- Department of Leadership, Counseling, Adult, Career and Higher Education, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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302
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Rong H, Xu SX, Zeng J, Yang YJ, Zhao J, Lai WT, Chen LC, Deng WF, Zhang X, Zhang YL, Li MZ, Xiao L, Xie XH. Study protocol for a parallel-group, double-blinded, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial: the effect and safety of hybrid electroconvulsive therapy (Hybrid-ECT) compared with routine electroconvulsive therapy in patients with depression. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:344. [PMID: 31694611 PMCID: PMC6836661 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most rapid and effective treatment for patients with depression, ECT can achieve remarkable antidepressant effects in the initial 3-4 sessions, but significant side effects limit its use. However, recent low-charge electrotherapy (LCE) studies have demonstrated antidepressant or antipsychotic effects with significantly fewer side effects. The aim of this study is to propose a novel two-step charge set strategy for ECT treatment, referred to as Hybrid-ECT, to decrease side effects by using a low charge while preserving treatment efficacy. METHODS/DESIGN A randomized, double-blinded, standard-controlled, parallel-group design will be carried out. We plan to enroll 112 inpatients diagnosed with depression (unipolar or bipolar) and randomly assign them to conventional ECT (control group) or to Hybrid-ECT (treatment group, 3 ECT sessions followed by LCE sessions (approximately 2.8 joules per session)). We will evaluate participants across a wide variety of domains including clinical symptoms, cognitive, psychological and functional metrics. We will also perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and event-related potential (ERPs) assessments during treatment to explore brain function differences between ECT and LCE. DISCUSSION This research proposes a simple but completely novel ECT strategy that aims to rapidly relieve depressive symptoms and minimize side effects. The mechanism of ECT and LCE will be further discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Number: ChiCTR1900022905 (Registration date: April 30, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rong
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China ,0000 0004 1797 7280grid.449428.7Affiliated Shenzhen Clinical College of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong China
| | - Shu-xian Xu
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China ,Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People’s Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jing Zeng
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Ying-jia Yang
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Jie Zhao
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Wen-tao Lai
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Li-chang Chen
- 0000 0000 8877 7471grid.284723.8Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-feng Deng
- Laboratory of Brain Stimulation and Biological Psychiatry, Brain Function and Psychosomatic Medicine Institute, Second People’s Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- 0000 0004 1797 8574grid.454868.3CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-li Zhang
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Min-zhi Li
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Li Xiao
- 0000 0001 2221 3902grid.424936.eKey Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-hui Xie
- grid.452897.5Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong China ,Center of Acute Psychiatry Service, Second People’s Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong China ,Laboratory of Brain Stimulation and Biological Psychiatry, Brain Function and Psychosomatic Medicine Institute, Second People’s Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, Guangdong China
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303
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Ruohonen EM, Alhainen V, Astikainen P. Event-related potentials to task-irrelevant sad faces as a state marker of depression. Biol Psychol 2019; 149:107806. [PMID: 31704201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Negative bias in face processing has been demonstrated in depression, but there are no longitudinal investigations of negative bias in symptom reduction. We recorded event-related potentials (P1 and N170) to task-irrelevant facial expressions in depressed participants who were later provided with a psychological intervention and in never depressed control participants. Follow-up measurements were conducted for the depressed group two and 39 months later. Negative bias was found specifically in the depression group, and was demonstrated as enlarged P1 amplitude to sad faces, which normalized in the follow-up measurements when the participants had fewer symptoms. Because the P1 amplitude recorded at the baseline did not differ between the depression group that recovered and the group that did not recover after the intervention, this brain response did not show potential as a biomarker for treatment response. It could have potential, however, to serve as a state-marker of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Ruohonen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, FIN-40100 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Veera Alhainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, FIN-40100 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, P. O. Box 35, FIN-40100 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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304
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McCrory E, Ogle JR, Gerin MI, Viding E. Neurocognitive Adaptation and Mental Health Vulnerability Following Maltreatment: The Role of Social Functioning. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2019; 24:435-451. [PMID: 30897955 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519830524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with a lifetime increase in risk of mental health disorder. We propose that such vulnerability may stem in large part from altered patterns of social functioning. Here, we highlight key findings from the psychological and epidemiological literature indicating that early maltreatment experience compromises social functioning and attenuates social support in ways that increase mental health vulnerability. We then review the extant neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents, focusing on three domains implicated in social functioning: threat processing, reward processing, and emotion regulation. We discuss how adaptations in these domains may increase latent vulnerability to mental health problems by impacting on social functioning via increased stress susceptibility as well as increased stress generation. Finally, we explore how computational psychiatry approaches, alongside systematically reported measures of social functioning, can complement studies of neural function in the creation of a mechanistic framework aimed at informing approaches to prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon McCrory
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * Eamon McCrory and Mattia Indi Gerin are also affiliated with Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | | | - Mattia Indi Gerin
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * Eamon McCrory and Mattia Indi Gerin are also affiliated with Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
| | - Essi Viding
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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305
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Individual differences in social network size linked to nucleus accumbens and hippocampal volumes in functional neurological disorder: A pilot study. J Affect Disord 2019; 258:50-54. [PMID: 31394458 PMCID: PMC6783807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the biopsychosocial formulation of functional neurological (conversion) disorder (FND), little is known about relationships between social behavior and brain anatomy. We hypothesized that social behavior would relate to brain areas implicated in affiliative behaviors and that social network size would correlate with symptom severity and predisposing vulnerabilities in FND. METHODS This neuroimaging pilot probed how social network size, as measured by the Social Network Index, related to structural brain profiles in 23 patients with motor FND (15 woman and 8 men). FreeSurfer cortical thickness and subcortical volumetric analyses were performed correcting for multiple comparisons. Stratified analyses compared FND patients with a low social network size to matched healthy controls. Secondary exploratory analyses in an expanded sample of 38 FND patients investigated relationships between social network size, risk factors and patient-reported symptom severity. RESULTS Adjusting for age and gender, neuroimaging analyses showed that social network size positively correlated with left nucleus accumbens and hippocampal volumes in patients with FND; stratified analyses did not show any group-level differences. In individuals with FND, social network size correlated with health-related quality of life, graduating college, working full-time and a non-epileptic seizure diagnosis; social network size inversely related to lifetime trauma burden, post-traumatic stress disorder severity and age. LIMITATIONS Only patient-reported scales were used and social network size information was not collected for healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS This neuroimaging pilot adds to the literature linking affiliation network brain areas to pro-social behaviors and enhances the biopsychosocial conceptualization of FND.
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306
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Maleki N, Sadeghian E, Shamsaei F, Tapak L, Ghaleiha A. Comparative Analysis of Spouse’s Burden and Quality of Life in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar I Disorder. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874464812666190819151039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Spouses of patients with bipolar disorder may experience a different quality
of life and burden than seen with major depressive disorder.
Objective:
This study was conducted to comparatively analyse spouse’s burden and quality of life in
major depressive and bipolar disorders.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 spouses of patients with major depressive
and bipolar disorders in the city of Hamadan in Iran, in 2018. Data collection tools included
Zarit Burden and QOL-BREF questionnaires. Data were analyzed by a t-test using SPSS -16.
Results:
The findings showed that 11.8% of spouses of patients with depression and 85.5% of
spouses of patients with bipolar disorder experienced severe burden (P < 0.001). The quality of life
of spouses of patients with bipolar disorder was lower than with depressive disorder (P < 0.05). In
both the groups, a negative correlation was found between burden and QOL.
Conclusion:
The spouses of patients with bipolar disorder experience more burden and lower quality
of life than depression. In both the groups, burden has a negative impact on the quality of life.
Professional help and supportive intervention can be provided to the spouses of patients with major
depressive and bipolar I disorders to reduce their burden, strengthen their coping skill and thus improve
their QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayereh Maleki
- Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Effat Sadeghian
- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Shamsaei
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Lily Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghaleiha
- Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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307
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Kim Y, Kwon A, Min D, Kim S, Jin MJ, Lee SH. Neurophysiological and Psychological Predictors of Social Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2019; 16:718-727. [PMID: 31587532 PMCID: PMC6801316 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2019.07.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine social functioning in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and explore the psychological and neurophysiological predictors of social functioning. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with schizophrenia and thirty patients with bipolar disorder, as well as twenty-five healthy controls, completed measures of social functioning (questionnaire of social functioning), neurocognition (Verbal fluency, Korean-Auditory Verbal Learning Test), and social cognition (basic empathy scale and Social Attribution Task-Multiple Choice), and the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). For neurophysiological measurements, mismatch negativity and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded from all participants. Multiple hierarchical regression was performed to explore the impact of factors on social functioning. RESULTS The results showed that CTQ-emotional neglect significantly predicted social functioning in schizophrenia group, while HRV-high frequency significantly predicted social functioning in bipolar disorder patients. Furthermore, emotional neglect and HRV-HF still predicted social functioning in all of the subjects after controlling for the diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSION Our results implicated that even though each group has different predictors of social functioning, early traumatic events and HRV could be important indicators of functional outcome irrespective of what group they are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourim Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeran Kwon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Min
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Jin
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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308
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Nichter B, Norman S, Haller M, Pietrzak RH. Psychological burden of PTSD, depression, and their comorbidity in the U.S. veteran population: Suicidality, functioning, and service utilization. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:633-640. [PMID: 31299445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (PTSD/MDD) may impose an even greater burden than either disorder alone. However, nearly all previous studies examining these associations have relied on treatment-seeking samples. This study examined the mental health burden associated with co-occurring PTSD/MDD compared to PTSD and MDD alone using a nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans. METHODS Data were analyzed from National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. veterans (n = 2,732). Analyses (a) estimated the current prevalence of PTSD only, MDD only, and comorbid PTSD/MDD; (b) compared demographic/military variables by PTSD/MDD status; and (c) examined associations between PTSD/MDD status and suicidality, functioning, psychiatric comorbidities, and service utilization. RESULTS The current prevalences of probable PTSD only, probable MDD only, and probable comorbid PTSD/MDD were 1.7%, 4.8%, and 3.4%. Compared to all other groups, the PTSD/MDD group was more likely to screen positive for current suicidal ideation, lifetime suicide attempts, probable generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders, and ever utilize mental health services. They also scored lower on measures of mental health functioning (d = 1.49), cognitive functioning (d = 1.03), and quality of life (d = 0.84). Veterans with comorbid PTSD/MDD were more than twice as likely as those with PTSD only to have attempted suicide. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of this study precludes causal inference. CONCLUSIONS Results provide a population-based characterization of the psychological burden of PTSD/MDD comorbidity in U.S. veterans. Findings further underscore the importance of screening, monitoring, and treatment of the comorbid manifestation of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Nichter
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Sonya Norman
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego, CA, USA; National Center for PTSD, White River Junction, VT, USA
| | - Moira Haller
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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309
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Kuper H, Lopes Moreira ME, Barreto de Araújo TV, Valongueiro S, Fernandes S, Pinto M, Lyra TM. The association of depression, anxiety, and stress with caring for a child with Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil; Results of a cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007768. [PMID: 31568478 PMCID: PMC6786834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy can cause microcephaly and a wide spectrum of severe adverse outcomes, collectively called "Congenital Zika Syndrome" (CZS). Parenting a child with disabilities can have adverse mental health impacts, but these associations have not been fully explored in the context of CZS in Brazil. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Recife and Rio de Janeiro, including 163 caregivers of a child with CZS (cases) and 324 caregivers with an unaffected child (comparison subjects), identified from existing studies. The primary caregiver, almost always the mother, was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect information on: depression, anxiety, and stress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-DASS-21), social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale-MOS-SSS), and socio-demographic data. Data was collected May 2017-January 2018. Ethical standards were adhered to throughout the research. A high proportion of mothers reported experiencing severe or extremely severe levels of depression (18%), anxiety (27%) and stress (36%). Mothers of children with CZS were more likely to experience symptoms of depression, anxiety andstress, compared to mothers of comparison children. These associations were more apparent among mothers living in Rio de Janeiro. These differences were reduced after adjustment for socio-economic status and social support. Among mothers of children with CZS, low social support was linked to higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, but there was no association with socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Depression, anxiety and stress were very common among mothers of young children in Brazil, regardless of whether they were parenting a child with disabilities. Mothers of children with CZS may be particularly vulnerable to poor mental health, and this association may be buffered through better social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Sandra Valongueiro
- Postgraduate Programme in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Silke Fernandes
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Tereza Maciel Lyra
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, FIOCRUZ/PE, Recife, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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310
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Lozupone M, Panza F, Piccininni M, Copetti M, Sardone R, Imbimbo BP, Stella E, D'Urso F, Barulli MR, Battista P, Grasso A, Tortelli R, Capozzo R, Coppola F, Abbrescia DI, Bellomo A, Giannelli G, Quaranta N, Seripa D, Logroscino G. Social Dysfunction in Older Age and Relationships with Cognition, Depression, and Apathy: The GreatAGE Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:989-1000. [PMID: 30103335 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies focused on only one measure of social dysfunction in older age, without proper validation and distinction across different dimensions including subjectivity, structural, and functional aspects. OBJECTIVE We sought to validate the Social Dysfunction Rating Scale (SDRS) and its factorial structure, also determining the association of SDRS with cognitive functions, global psychopathology, and social deprivation. METHODS The SDRS was administered to 484 Italian community-dwelling elderly, recruited in the GreatAGE study, a population-based study on aging conducted in Castellana Grotte, Bari, Southern Italy. We determined objective and subjective psychometric properties of SDRS against the gold standard evaluation of social dysfunction according to the Semi-structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) criterion. RESULTS The SDRS showed a moderate accuracy with an optimal cut-off of 26 maximized with higher sensitivity (0.74,95% CI:0.63-0.84) than specificity (0.57,95% CI:0.50-0.64). A five-factor structure was carried out and five dimensions of SDRS were identified (loneliness; social isolation; feeling of contribution/uselessness; lack of leisure activities; anxiety for the health). Education and global cognitive functions were inversely correlated to SDRS, while a direct association with global psychopathology, depression, and apathy was found. The prevalence of higher SDRS scores was major in subjects with current psychiatric disorders versus other subjects.∥Conclusion: The SDRS could be a valid instrument to capture both size and quality of social dysfunction, both in subjects with psychiatric disorders and in normal subjects. Several categories of social dysfunction differed only in the degree of health deprivation, not in social or material deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madia Lozupone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Piccininni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sardone
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Urso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Barulli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Petronilla Battista
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Grasso
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Coppola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Isabel Abbrescia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatric Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Otolaryngology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Seripa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" at "Pia Fondazione Card. G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
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311
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Scherer N, Verhey I, Kuper H. Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219888. [PMID: 31361768 PMCID: PMC6667144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although caring for a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can have positive outcomes, parents may be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety, due to a number of associated stressors, such as increased caregiver demands and financial strain. This systematic review updates previous data, exploring the relationship between parenting a child with IDD and parental depression and anxiety. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched for eligible English-language articles, published between January 2004 and July 2018. All epidemiological study designs were eligible, provided the level of depression and/or anxiety was compared between parents of children (aged <18) with and without IDD. No limit was placed on geographic location. The proportion of positive associations between parenting a child with IDD and depression/anxiety were disaggregated by disability type, geographic region, and sample size. The percentage of parents at risk of moderate depression or anxiety were calculated using recognised clinical cut-off scores for each screening tool. Meta-analyses, in which pooled effect sizes of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were calculated, were conducted across two IDD conditions, autism and cerebral palsy. RESULTS Of the 5,839 unique records screened, 19 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income (n = 8, 42%) or upper-middle income countries (n = 10, 53%). Of the 19 studies, 69% focused on parents of children with cerebral palsy (n = 7, 37%) or autism (n = 6, 32%). Nearly all studies found a positive association between parenting a child with IDD and depression (n = 18, 95%) and anxiety (n = 9, 90%) symptoms. Factors associated with higher levels of depression symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD included disability severity (n = 8, 78%) and lower household income (n = 4, 80%). Approximately one third (31%) of parents of children with IDD reach the clinical cut-off score for moderate depression, compared with 7% of parents of children without IDD. 31% of parents of children with IDD reach the cut-off score for moderate anxiety, compared with 14% of parents of children without IDD. The meta-analyses demonstrated moderate effect sizes for elevated depression amongst parents of children with autism and cerebral palsy. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate elevated levels of depressive symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD. Quality concerns amongst the existing literature support the need for further research, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Scherer
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ibone Verhey
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and King’s Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Kuper
- International Centre for Evidence in Disability, Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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312
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Dissing AS, Jørgensen TB, Gerds TA, Rod NH, Lund R. High perceived stress and social interaction behaviour among young adults. A study based on objective measures of face-to-face and smartphone interactions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218429. [PMID: 31348787 PMCID: PMC6660065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress and mental health problems impede social functioning and may also complicate relationship formation with peers. The aim was to investigate whether high perceived stress among young adults is associated with social interaction behaviour both via face-to-face interaction and via smartphone interaction. The data was derived from the Copenhagen Network Study, where 535 first-year students (mean age 21.3, 77% male) self-reported on perceived stress at baseline and were subsequently followed for three months with continuous Bluetooth recordings of face-to-face interactions and smartphone interactions (calls and texts) measuring the network size, frequency, and duration of interactions. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between perceived stress (high/low) and social interactions adjusting for sex, age, and personality traits. Participants with high perceived stress were more likely to engage in a larger call and text network and have a higher call and text frequency compared to individuals with low perceived stress. We found a non-statistically significant tendency that participants with a high perceived stress level spend less time meeting face to face with peers. Stressed students engage in frequent smartphone interaction which may be explained by a social support seeking behaviour, or it may be that accommodating a large network via the smartphone is stress-inducing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Skovlund Dissing
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Alexander Gerds
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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313
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Safra L, Chevallier C, Palminteri S. Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted reward learning in social contexts. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007224. [PMID: 31356594 PMCID: PMC6699715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by a marked decrease in social interactions and blunted sensitivity to rewards. Surprisingly, despite the importance of social deficits in depression, non-social aspects have been disproportionally investigated. As a consequence, the cognitive mechanisms underlying atypical decision-making in social contexts in depression are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigate whether deficits in reward processing interact with the social context and how this interaction is affected by self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms in the general population. Two cohorts of subjects (discovery and replication sample: N = 50 each) took part in an experiment involving reward learning in contexts with different levels of social information (absent, partial and complete). Behavioral analyses revealed a specific detrimental effect of depressive symptoms-but not anxiety-on behavioral performance in the presence of social information, i.e. when participants were informed about the choices of another player. Model-based analyses further characterized the computational nature of this deficit as a negative audience effect, rather than a deficit in the way others' choices and rewards are integrated in decision making. To conclude, our results shed light on the cognitive and computational mechanisms underlying the interaction between social cognition, reward learning and decision-making in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Safra
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Sciences Po, CEVIPOF, CNRS, UMR7048, Paris, France
| | - Coralie Chevallier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Departement d’Études Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Palminteri
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
- Departement d’Études Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
- Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
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314
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Browne CA, Lucki I. Targeting opioid dysregulation in depression for the development of novel therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:51-76. [PMID: 31051197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the serendipitous discovery of the first class of modern antidepressants in the 1950's, all pharmacotherapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for major depressive disorder (MDD) have shared a common mechanism of action, increased monoaminergic neurotransmission. Despite the widespread availability of antidepressants, as many as 50% of depressed patients are resistant to these conventional therapies. The significant length of time required to produce meaningful symptom relief with these medications, 4-6 weeks, indicates that other mechanisms are likely involved in the pathophysiology of depression which may yield more viable targets for drug development. For decades, no viable candidate target with a different mechanism of action to that of conventional therapies proved successful in clinical studies. Now several exciting avenues for drug development are under intense investigation. One of these emerging targets is modulation of endogenous opioid tone. This review will evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence pertaining to opioid dysregulation in depression, focusing on the role of the endogenous ligands endorphin, enkephalin, dynorphin, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) and their respective receptors, mu (MOR), delta (DOR), kappa (KOR), and the N/OFQ receptor (NOP) in mediating behaviors relevant to depression and anxiety. Finally, putative opioid based antidepressants that are under investigation in clinical trials, ALKS5461, JNJ-67953964 (formerly LY2456302 and CERC-501) and BTRX-246040 (formerly LY-2940094) will be discussed. This review will illustrate the potential therapeutic value of targeting opioid dysregulation in developing novel therapies for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Browne
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America
| | - Irwin Lucki
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States of America.
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315
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Liang YS, Yang HX, Ma YT, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Wang Y, Chan RCK. Validation and extension of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy in the Chinese setting. Psych J 2019; 8:439-448. [PMID: 30983167 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a commonly used instrument in empathy research. However, this scale has not been validated in the Chinese context. We examined the psychometric properties and structure of the QCAE in a Chinese sample consisting of 1224 college students. The whole sample was split into two halves for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 617) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 607). A subsample (n = 351) completed the Chinese versions of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to examine convergent validity and the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS) to examine the discriminate validity. Finally, 79 participants of the above subsample were retested after a 4-week interval. Results from EFA and CFA suggested a five-factor model, namely Perspective Taking, Online Simulation, Emotional Contagion, Proximal Responsivity, and Peripheral Responsivity. The internal consistency was .86 and test-retest reliability was .76. Scores on the QCAE positively correlated with scores on the IRI and negatively correlated with scores on the RSAS. The Chinese version of the QCAE exhibited good factor structure, reliability, and validity. Specific relationships between empathy and social anhedonia were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Si Liang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Xue Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tao Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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316
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Tagalidou N, Distlberger E, Loderer V, Laireiter AR. Efficacy and feasibility of a humor training for people suffering from depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorder: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 30894148 PMCID: PMC6425626 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humor trainings have positive effects on mental health and well-being. However, studies investigating the effects of humor trainings in clinical samples are still rare. This study investigated the efficacy and feasibility of a humor training for people suffering from depression, anxiety and adjustment disorders. METHODS Based on a diagnostic interview (SCID I and II), 37 people were randomized into a training (n = 19) or wait list control group (n = 18) and completed questionnaires at pre, post, and 1 month follow-up. After the training group had completed its training and evaluation measures, the wait list control group received the training and the outcomes of the group were additionally evaluated (post2 and follow-up2). RESULTS After training, improvements in humor-related outcomes were observed for the training group, but these were relativized when compared to the wait list control group. Secondary outcomes remained unaffected by the training. In addition, the training group reported interpersonal difficulties. Within-group analyses of the wait list control group after completion of their training showed effects on almost all primary and secondary outcomes and feedback indicated a better atmosphere. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the different outcomes of the two groups are surprising and can show potential moderators of efficacy, such as interpersonal and group-specific climate variables. Since moderators of humor trainings in clinical samples have not been investigated at all, future studies should consider integrating them into their design. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register ( DRKS00012443 ) on May 16, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Tagalidou
- Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Eva Distlberger
- 0000000110156330grid.7039.dDepartment of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Viola Loderer
- 0000000110156330grid.7039.dDepartment of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anton-Rupert Laireiter
- 0000000110156330grid.7039.dDepartment of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunner Straße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria ,0000 0001 2286 1424grid.10420.37Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
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317
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Chaves RDC, Mallmann ASV, Oliveira NF, Oliveira ICM, Capibaribe VCC, da Silva DMA, Lopes IS, Valentim JT, de Carvalho AMR, Macêdo DS, Vasconcelos SMM, Gutierrez SJC, Barbosa Filho JM, de Sousa FCF. Reversal effect of Riparin IV in depression and anxiety caused by corticosterone chronic administration in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 180:44-51. [PMID: 30904544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mental disorders have a multifactorial etiology and stress presents as one of the causal factors. In depression, it is suggested that high cortisol concentration contributes directly to the pathology of this disease. Based on that, the study aims to evaluate the potential antidepressant effect of Riparin IV (Rip IV) in mice submitted to chronic stress model by repeated corticosterone administration. Female Swiss mice were selected into four groups: control (Ctrl), corticosterone (Cort), Riparin IV (Cort + Rip IV) and fluvoxamine (Cort + Flu). Three groups were administrated subcutaneously (SC) with corticosterone (20 mg/kg) during twenty-one days, while the control group received only vehicle. After the fourteenth day, groups were administrated tested drugs: Riparin IV, fluvoxamine or distilled water, by gavage, 1 h after subcutaneous injections. After the final treatment, animals were exposed to behavioral models such as forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and sucrose preference test (SPT). The hippocampus was also removed for the determination of BDNF levels. Corticosterone treatment altered all parameters in behavioral tests, leading to a depressive- and anxious-like behavior. Riparin IV and fluvoxamine exhibit antidepressant effect in FST, TST and SPT. In EPM and OFT, treatment displayed anxiolytic effect without alteration of locomotor activity. Corticosterone administration decreased BDNF levels and Riparin IV could reestablish them, indicating that its antidepressant effect may be related to ability to ameliorate hippocampal neurogenesis. These findings suggest that Riparin IV improves the depressive and anxious symptoms after chronic stress and could be a new alternative treatment for patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquell de Castro Chaves
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Auriana Serra Vasconcelos Mallmann
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iris Cristina Maia Oliveira
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Celso Cavalcanti Capibaribe
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira Alves da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Iardja Stéfane Lopes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Tiago Valentim
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Silveira Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Stanley Juan Chaves Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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318
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Stietz J, Jauk E, Krach S, Kanske P. Dissociating Empathy From Perspective-Taking: Evidence From Intra- and Inter-Individual Differences Research. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:126. [PMID: 30930803 PMCID: PMC6428036 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have the capacity to share others' emotions, be they positive or negative. Elicited by the observed or imagined emotion of another person, an observer develops a similar emotional state herself. This capacity, empathy, is one of the pillars of social understanding and interaction as it creates a representation of another's inner, mental state. Empathy needs to be dissociated from other social emotions and, crucially, also from cognitive mechanisms of understanding others, the ability to take others' perspective. Here, we describe the conceptual distinctions of these constructs and review behavioral and neural evidence that dissociates them. The main focus of the present review lies on the intraindividual changes in empathy and perspective-taking across the lifespan and on interindividual differences on subclinical and clinical levels. The data show that empathy and perspective-taking recruit distinct neural circuits and can be discerned already during early and throughout adult development. Both capacities also vary substantially between situations and people. Differences can be systematically related to situational characteristics as well as personality traits and mental disorders. The clear distinction of affect sharing from other social emotions like compassion and from cognitive perspective-taking, argues for a clear-cut terminology to describe these constructs. In our view, this speaks against using empathy as an umbrella term encompassing all affective and cognitive routes to understanding others. Unifying the way we speak about these phenomena will help to further research on their underlying mechanisms, psychopathological alterations, and plasticity in training and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stietz
- Faculty of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Jauk
- Faculty of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sören Krach
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanske
- Faculty of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Research Group Social Stress and Family Health, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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319
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Peña CJ, Nestler EJ, Bagot RC. Environmental Programming of Susceptibility and Resilience to Stress in Adulthood in Male Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:40. [PMID: 30881296 PMCID: PMC6405694 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence identifies early life adversity as a significant risk factor for the development of mood disorders. Much evidence points to the role of early life experience in susceptibility and, to a lesser extent, resilience, to stress in adulthood. While many models of these phenomena exist in the literature, results are often conflicting and a systematic comparison of multiple models is lacking. Here, we compare effects of nine manipulations spanning the early postnatal through peri-adolescent periods, both at baseline and following exposure to chronic social defeat stress in adulthood, in male mice. By applying rigorous criteria across three commonly used measures of depression- and anxiety-like behavior, we identify manipulations that increase susceptibility to subsequent stress in adulthood and other pro-resilient manipulations that mitigate the deleterious consequences of adult stress. Our findings point to the importance of timing of early life stress and provide the foundation for future studies to probe the neurobiological mechanisms of risk and resilience conferred by variation in the early life environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jensen Peña
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosemary C Bagot
- Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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320
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Depression predicts interpersonal problems partially through the attitude towards social touch. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:234-240. [PMID: 30584957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is associated with difficulties in interpersonal relationships, of which communication is an integral part. Communication can not only be effected by verbal means, but also non-verbally by touch. Against this background, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between depression, interpersonal problems and the attitude towards social touch. METHODS 147 individuals (115 females; 21-71 years old) seeking treatment in a clinic for outpatient psychotherapy took part in the survey. Three questionnaires evaluating the level of depression (Beck Depression Questionnaire), the degree of interpersonal problems (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) and the attitude towards social touch (Social Touch Questionnaire, were administered. RESULTS Highly depressed individuals had a more negative attitude towards social touch than non-to lowly depressed individuals. Highly depressed individuals particularly reported to dislike physical touch by not well-known people, but not by close ones. Highly depressed individuals also reported more interpersonal problems, with the level of depression predicting the degree of interpersonal problems. This relationship was partially mediated by the attitude towards social touch in general and, to a greater extent, by the dislike of physical touch by people not well-known in particular. DISCUSSION Given the role of social touch in the relationship between depression and interpersonal problems, the attitude towards touch may be taken into consideration in the therapy of depressed patients. We assume that a more positive attitude towards social touch can influence the ability to create and maintain interpersonal relationships.
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321
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Woody ML, Rosen D, Allen KB, Price RB, Hutchinson E, Amole MC, Silk JS. Looking for the negative: Depressive symptoms in adolescent girls are associated with sustained attention to a potentially critical judge during in vivo social evaluation. J Exp Child Psychol 2019; 179:90-102. [PMID: 30476697 PMCID: PMC7083081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Attention biases toward negative stimuli are implicated in the development and maintenance of depression. However, research is needed to understand how depression affects attention biases as they unfold in a dynamic social environment, particularly during adolescence when depression rates significantly increase due to enhanced reactivity to social stress. To examine attention biases in a live, socially evaluative environment, 26 adolescent girls from the community gave a speech in front of a potentially critical judge and a positive judge while wearing mobile eye tracking glasses. Girls' depressive symptoms were measured using the Moods and Feelings Questionnaire. Across the sample, girls looked at the positive judge more frequently and for longer periods of time compared with the potentially critical judge. In contrast, higher depressive symptoms were associated with looking at the potentially critical judge for longer periods of time. When directly comparing attention to the potentially critical judge relative to the positive judge, dysphoric girls looked at the potentially critical judge more frequently and for longer periods of time compared with the positive judge. Findings suggest that adolescent depressive symptoms are related to sustained attention toward potentially critical evaluation at the exclusion of positive evaluation. This novel approach allowed for an in vivo examination of attention biases as they unfold during social evaluation, which begins to illuminate the interpersonal significance of attention biases. If replicated and extended longitudinally, this research could be used to identify adolescents at high risk for future depression and potentially be leveraged clinically in attention bias modification treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Woody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dana Rosen
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | - Rebecca B Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emily Hutchinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marlissa C Amole
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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322
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Social brain, social dysfunction and social withdrawal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:10-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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323
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Working definitions, subjective and objective assessments and experimental paradigms in a study exploring social withdrawal in schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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324
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Schmitgen MM, Depping MS, Bach C, Wolf ND, Kubera KM, Vasic N, Hirjak D, Sambataro F, Wolf RC. Aberrant cortical neurodevelopment in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:340-347. [PMID: 30261449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is strong neuroimaging evidence that cortical alterations represent a core pathophysiological feature of major depressive disorder (MDD). Differential contributions of cortical features of neurodevelopmental origin, which may distinctly contribute to MDD vulnerability, disease-onset, or symptom expression, are unclear at present. METHODS We investigated distinct markers of cortical neurodevelopment, i.e. local cortical gyrification (LGI) and thickness (CT) in patients with MDD (n = 38) and healthy controls (HC, n = 22) using 3 T structural magnetic resonance imaging data and surface-based data analysis techniques. CT and LGI were computed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12). Analyses were performed for the entire cortical surface followed by a complementary regions-of-interest approach. RESULTS MDD patients showed significantly greater LGI in frontal, cingulate, parietal, temporal, and occipital regions compared to HC (FDR-corrected at p < 0.05 using threshold-free cluster enhancement). No significant differences of CT were found. In the MDD-group, correlations were found between duration of illness in years and number of depressive episodes and LGI of frontal, temporal, and parietal regions (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS Main limitations are the relatively modest sample size and a cross-sectional study design. We did not control for early environmental factors potentially influencing neurodevelopment, such as childhood trauma. We report associations uncorrected for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest different local trajectories of cortical change in MDD. In addition, our data support the notion that aberrant cortical development may serve as a vulnerability marker of MDD, as well as a potential predictor of disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike M Schmitgen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malte S Depping
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bach
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine D Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Kubera
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Vasic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center Christophsbad, Göppingen, Germany
| | - Dusan Hirjak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences (DISM), University of Udine, Italy
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Vosstrasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
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325
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The role of right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex on social emotional regulation in subclinical depression: An tDCS study. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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326
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Burke AS, Shapero BG, Pelletier-Baldelli A, Deng WY, Nyer MB, Leathem L, Namey L, Landa C, Cather C, Holt DJ. Rationale, Methods, Feasibility, and Preliminary Outcomes of a Transdiagnostic Prevention Program for At-Risk College Students. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1030. [PMID: 32158406 PMCID: PMC7051934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Early adulthood represents one period of increased risk for the emergence of a serious mental illness. The college campus provides a unique opportunity to assess and monitor individuals in this at-risk age group. However, there are no validated early detection programs that are widely implemented on college campuses. In an effort to address this gap, we designed and tested an early detection and prevention program tailored to college students. A transdiagnostic approach was employed because of evidence for shared risk factors across major mental illnesses. DESIGN Single arm, prospective study evaluating outcomes following a 4-week intervention. METHOD Three in-person mental health screenings were conducted on the campus of one university. Undergraduate students with at least mildly elevated, self-reported levels of depressive or subclinical psychotic symptoms, who were not receiving treatment for these symptoms, were invited to participate in a 4-session workshop focused on increasing self- and other- awareness and emotion regulation using established mindfulness, self-compassion, and mentalization principles and experiential exercises. Symptoms, resilience-promoting capacities, and aspects of social functioning were assessed pre- and post- intervention. RESULTS 416 students were screened and a total of 63 students participated in the workshop. 91% attended at least 3 of the 4 sessions. The majority of participants found the workshop interesting and useful and would recommend it to a friend. Significant pre-to-post reductions in symptoms (depression, anxiety, and subclinical psychotic symptoms, ps < 0.004) and improvements in resilience-promoting capacities (self-compassion and self-efficacy, ps < 0.006) and indices of social functioning (social motivation, activity, and a measure of comfort with the physical presence of others, ps < 0.04) were observed. Moreover, the significant increases in resilience-promoting capacities correlated with the reductions in affective symptoms (ps < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that an on-campus mental health screening and early intervention program is feasible, acceptable, and may be associated with improvements in resilience-related capacities and symptom reductions in young adults with non-impairing, subclinical symptoms of psychopathology. Follow-up work will determine whether this program can improve both shorter and longer-term mental health and functional outcomes in this at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin G Shapero
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Wisteria Y Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maren B Nyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Logan Leathem
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leah Namey
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carrie Landa
- Behavioral Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Corinne Cather
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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327
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Bennik EC, Jeronimus BF, Aan Het Rot M. The relation between empathy and depressive symptoms in a Dutch population sample. J Affect Disord 2019; 242:48-51. [PMID: 30173062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in social functioning are common in individuals with (sub)clinical levels of depression. One possible underlying mechanism of this relationship is low empathy. The present study examined linear and non-linear associations between empathy and depressive symptoms, and whether these associations were moderated by gender. METHODS Using the Empathy Quotient scale, cognitive and affective empathy were assessed using a large convenience sample from the general Dutch population (N = 3076). Depressive symptoms were indexed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS-SR16). RESULTS Low cognitive empathy was associated with more depressive symptoms. There was a weak positive relation between affective empathy and depressive symptoms, indexed by the QIDS rather than the DASS. LIMITATIONS Generalizing results to the general population remains difficult with a convenience sample. Self-reported data may be affected by social-desirability or sex-stereotypical reporting biases. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a linear relationship between cognitive empathy and symptoms of depression. There was some evidence for non-linear associations and a moderating role of gender, but these patterns were not observed across all types of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise C Bennik
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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328
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Kandis S, Ates M, Kizildag S, Camsari GB, Yuce Z, Guvendi G, Koc B, Karakilic A, Camsari UM, Uysal N. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) affects empathy-like behavior in rats: Dose-response relationship. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 175:146-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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329
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MDMA Increases Cooperation and Recruitment of Social Brain Areas When Playing Trustworthy Players in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. J Neurosci 2018; 39:307-320. [PMID: 30455187 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1276-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Social decision-making is fundamental for successful functioning and can be affected in psychiatric illness and by serotoninergic modulation. The Prisoner's Dilemma is the archetypal paradigm to model cooperation and trust. However, the effect of serotonergic enhancement is poorly characterized, and its influence on the effect of variations in opponent behavior unknown. To address this, we conducted a study investigating how the serotonergic enhancer 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) modulates behavior and its neural correlates during an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with both trustworthy and untrustworthy opponents. We administered 100 mg MDMA or placebo to 20 male participants in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. While being scanned, participants played repeated rounds with opponents who differed in levels of cooperation. On each round, participants chose to compete or cooperate and were asked to rate their trust in the other player. Cooperation with trustworthy, but not untrustworthy, opponents was enhanced following MDMA but not placebo (respectively: odds ratio = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.42-2.84, p < 0.001; odds ratio = 1.37; 95% CI, 0.78-2.30, not significant). Specifically, MDMA enhanced recovery from, but not the impact of, breaches in cooperation. During trial outcome, MDMA increased activation of four clusters incorporating precentral and supramarginal gyri, superior temporal cortex, central operculum/posterior insula, and supplementary motor area. There was a treatment × opponent interaction in right anterior insula and dorsal caudate. Trust ratings did not change across treatment sessions. MDMA increased cooperative behavior when playing trustworthy opponents. Underlying this was a change in brain activity of regions linked to social cognition. Our findings highlight the context-specific nature of MDMA's effect on social decision-making.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We provide a detailed analysis of the effect of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) on cooperative behavior during interpersonal interactions, as well as the neural correlates underlying these effects. We find that, following administration of MDMA, participants behave more cooperatively, but only when interacting with trustworthy partners. While breaches of trustworthy behavior have a similar impact following administration of MDMA compared with placebo, MDMA facilitates a greater recovery from these breaches of trust. Underlying this altered behavior are changes in brain activity during the viewing of opponents' behavior in regions whose involvement in social processing is well established. This work provides new insights into the impact of MDMA on social interactions, emphasizing the important role of the behavior of others toward us.
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330
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Dooley LN, Kuhlman KR, Robles TF, Eisenberger NI, Craske MG, Bower JE. The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 94:219-237. [PMID: 30201219 PMCID: PMC6192535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence has implicated inflammation in the development of depression. Yet, the heterogeneous nature of depression has impeded efforts to understand, prevent, and treat the disease. The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize the connections between inflammation and established core features of depression that exhibit more homogeneity than the syndrome itself: exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward processing, decreased cognitive control, and somatic syndrome. For each core feature, we first provide a brief overview of its relevance to depression and neurobiological underpinnings, and then review evidence investigating a potential role of inflammation. We focus primarily on findings from experimental paradigms of exogenously-induced inflammation. We conclude that inflammation likely plays a role in exaggerated reactivity to negative information, altered reward reactivity, and somatic symptoms. There is less evidence supporting an effect of inflammation on cognitive control as assessed by standard neuropsychological measures. Finally, we discuss implications for future research and recommendationsfor how to test the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heterogeneous psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate R Kuhlman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Theodore F Robles
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julienne E Bower
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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331
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Park SW, Mansur RB, Lee Y, Lee JH, Seo MK, Choi AJ, McIntyre RS, Lee JG. Liraglutide Activates mTORC1 Signaling and AMPA Receptors in Rat Hippocampal Neurons Under Toxic Conditions. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:756. [PMID: 30405339 PMCID: PMC6205986 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, would alter mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and/or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor activity under dexamethasone-induced toxic conditions. Western blot analyses were performed to assess changes in mTORC1-mediated proteins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and various synaptic proteins (PSD-95, synapsin I, and GluA1) in rat hippocampal cultures under toxic conditions induced by dexamethasone, which causes hippocampal cell death. Hippocampal dendritic outgrowth and spine formation were measured using immunostaining procedures. Dexamethasone significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1 as well as its downstream proteins. However, treatment with liraglutide prevented these reductions and significantly increased BDNF expression. The increase in BDNF expression was completely blocked by rapamycin and 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX). Liraglutide also recovered dexamethasone-induced decreases in the total length of hippocampal dendrites and reductions in spine density in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the positive effects of liraglutide on neural plasticity were abolished by the blockade of mTORC1 signaling and AMPA receptors. Furthermore, liraglutide significantly increased the expression levels of PSD-95, synapsin I, and GluA1, whereas rapamycin and NBQX blocked these effects. The present study demonstrated that liraglutide activated mTORC1 signaling and AMPA receptor activity as well as increased dendritic outgrowth, spine density, and synaptic proteins under toxic conditions in rat primary hippocampal neurons. These findings suggest that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation by liraglutide may affect neuroplasticity through mTORC1 and AMPA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Park
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jae-Hon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Seo
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ah Jeong Choi
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Graduate School, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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332
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Volgin AD, Yakovlev OA, Demin KA, de Abreu MS, Alekseeva PA, Friend AJ, Lakstygal AM, Amstislavskaya TG, Bao W, Song C, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models for personalized psychiatry: Insights from individual, strain and sex differences, and modeling gene x environment interactions. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:402-413. [PMID: 30320468 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently becoming widely recognized, personalized psychiatry focuses on unique physiological and genetic profiles of patients to best tailor their therapy. However, the role of individual differences, as well as genetic and environmental factors, in human psychiatric disorders remains poorly understood. Animal experimental models are a valuable tool to improve our understanding of disease pathophysiology and its molecular mechanisms. Due to high reproduction capability, fully sequenced genome, easy gene editing, and high genetic and physiological homology with humans, zebrafish (Danio rerio) are emerging as a novel powerful model in biomedicine. Mounting evidence supports zebrafish as a useful model organism in CNS research. Robustly expressed in these fish, individual, strain, and sex differences shape their CNS responses to genetic, environmental, and pharmacological manipulations. Here, we discuss zebrafish as a promising complementary translational tool to further advance patient-centered personalized psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D Volgin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Military Medical Academy, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg A Yakovlev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Military Medical Academy, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Polina A Alekseeva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ashton J Friend
- Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Anton M Lakstygal
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara G Amstislavskaya
- Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry, Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Wandong Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, Louisiana.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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333
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Park MJ, Seo BA, Lee B, Shin HS, Kang MG. Stress-induced changes in social dominance are scaled by AMPA-type glutamate receptor phosphorylation in the medial prefrontal cortex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15008. [PMID: 30301947 PMCID: PMC6177388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of social dominance are critical for social stability and the survival and health of individual animals. Stress lead to depression and a decrease in the social status of depressed persons is a risk factor for suicide. Therefore, we explored the mechanistic and behavioral links among stress, depression, and social dominance and found that mice subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS), an animal model of stress-induced depression, showed decreased social dominance as measured by a dominance tube test. Importantly, this submissive behavior was occluded by the antidepressant, fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is known that social dominance is controlled by synaptic efficacy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and that AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPA-R) is a key molecule for synaptic efficacy. We found that the phosphorylation on AMPA-R was bidirectionally changed by CRS and fluoxetine in the mPFC of mice with CRS. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between social dominance and AMPA-R phosphorylation that regulates synaptic efficacy by modulating the synaptic targeting of AMPA-R. Our correlational analysis of the behavior and biochemistry of the CRS model suggests that AMPA-R phosphorylation in the mPFC may serve as a biomarker of social dominance related to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Am Seo
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Goo Kang
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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334
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Jiang W, Whellan DJ, Adams KF, Babyak MA, Boyle SH, Wilson JL, Patel CB, Rogers JG, Harris WS, O’Connor CM. Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Depressed Heart Failure Patients. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2018; 6:833-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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335
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Rouine J, Callaghan CK, O'Mara SM. Opioid modulation of depression: A focus on imaging studies. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:229-252. [PMID: 30314568 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide, with over 300 million people affected. Almost all currently available antidepressant treatments target monoamine neurotransmitter systems and have a delayed onset of action up to several weeks that can be associated with low rates of treatment response. The endogenous opioid system has been identified as a potential target for the development of novel antidepressants due to its high opioid receptor concentrations in central limbic areas that are also implicated in physiological processes including regulation of mood and emotion. Genetic depletion, pharmacological manipulation, and preclinical models have been widely used to characterize the role of opioid transmission in depressive states. Neuroimaging studies have been carried out in clinical populations to investigate opioid transmission in mood and emotion in an attempt to identify those regional anatomical and functional brain changes that are associated with depression. Great insight has been provided into the cerebral structural and functional changes associated with depression but there remains a need to tie the functional theories of depression to anatomical localization and further neuroimaging studies are best placed to do this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rouine
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Charlotte K Callaghan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shane M O'Mara
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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336
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Hagler MA, Rhodes JE. The Long-Term Impact of Natural Mentoring Relationships: A Counterfactual Analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 62:175-188. [PMID: 30058721 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that youth's natural mentoring relationships are associated with better academic, vocational, and psychosocial functioning. However, little is known about the extent to which the impact of mentoring endures beyond adolescence and early adulthood. Furthermore, most natural mentoring research is confounded by selection bias. In this study, we examined the long-term impact of mentoring using the nationally representative, longitudinal Add Health dataset. We conducted counterfactual analysis, a more stringent test of causality than regression-based approaches. Compared to their unmentored counterparts, adults (ages 33-42) who had a natural mentor during adolescence or emerging adulthood reported higher educational attainment, more time spent volunteering, and more close friends, after controlling for a range of confounding factors. However, outcomes differed when mentors were classified as "strong ties" (e.g., grandparents, friends) or "weak ties" (e.g., teachers, coaches, employers). Having a strong-tie mentor was associated with having more close friends and a lower income. In contrast, having a weak-tie mentor was associated with higher educational attainment, higher income, and more time spent volunteering. These findings suggest that natural mentoring relationships can exert lasting influence on young people's developmental trajectories, providing strong rationale for efforts to expand their availability and scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Hagler
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean E Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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337
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Smith L, Reichenberg A, Rabinowitz J, Levine SZ, Velthorst E. Psychiatric symptoms and related dysfunction in a general population sample. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2018; 14:1-6. [PMID: 30112288 PMCID: PMC6092520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Along with the key clinical features of major psychiatric disorders such as psychosis, mania, and depression, these disorders are also associated with cognitive, social, and functional deficits. A growing body of evidence suggests that these disorders exist at the extreme end of a continuum of symptoms rather than as binary entities, so it is plausible that the associated cognitive, social, and functional deficits assume a similar pattern. Consistent with this approach, we sought to determine whether adults in the general population with psychiatric symptoms also demonstrate milder forms of the cognitive, social, and functional deficits that are often associated with the psychiatric disorders. Methods Using data from the Study of Resilience and Environmental Adversity in Midlife Health (STREAM), which includes survey responses of 811 individuals, we compared early academic achievement and self-reported social and functional outcomes between respondents who reported psychotic symptoms, manic symptoms, depressive symptoms, or no psychiatric symptoms (controls). Results Adults with psychotic symptoms had significantly poorer early academic performance (p = .04) and social and functional outcomes (self-reported marital status, p = .021, income, p = .001, and health, p < .001) than controls. Adults with depressive symptoms had significantly lower early academic performance and income and poorer health than controls (p's = 0.033, 0.037, 0.013 respectively), and adults with manic symptoms also reported significantly lower rates of marriage than controls (p = .006). Conclusions The results are consistent with the continuum view of the etiology of psychiatric disorders in which psychiatric disorders are dimensional and experienced in varying degrees of severity across the general and clinical population. Importantly, the results highlight the potential impact of psychiatric symptomatology on functional outcomes in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Gustav L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Gustav L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen Z Levine
- Department of Community Mental Health, University of Haifa, 199 ABA Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Gustav L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
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338
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Postmes T, Wichmann LJ, van Valkengoed AM, van der Hoef H. Social identification and depression: A meta-analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Postmes
- Department of Social Psychology; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lenka J. Wichmann
- Department of Social Psychology; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hanneke van der Hoef
- Department of Social Psychology; University of Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
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339
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Mahmood Z, Burton CZ, Vella L, Twamley EW. Neuropsychological predictors of performance-based measures of functional capacity and social skills in individuals with severe mental illness. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:201-206. [PMID: 29689517 PMCID: PMC6005748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological abilities may underlie successful performance of everyday functioning and social skills. We aimed to determine the strongest neuropsychological predictors of performance-based functional capacity and social skills performance across the spectrum of severe mental illness (SMI). Unemployed outpatients with SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression; n = 151) were administered neuropsychological (expanded MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery), functional capacity (UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief; UPSA-B), and social skills (Social Skills Performance Assessment; SSPA) assessments. Bivariate correlations between neuropsychological performance and UPSA-B and SSPA total scores showed that most neuropsychological tests were significantly associated with each performance-based measure. Forward entry stepwise regression analyses were conducted entering education, diagnosis, symptom severity, and neuropsychological performance as predictors of functional capacity and social skills. Diagnosis, working memory, sustained attention, and category and letter fluency emerged as significant predictors of functional capacity, in a model that explained 43% of the variance. Negative symptoms, sustained attention, and letter fluency were significant predictors of social skill performance, in a model explaining 35% of the variance. Functional capacity is positively associated with neuropsychological functioning, but diagnosis remains strongly influential, with mood disorder participants outperforming those with psychosis. Social skill performance appears to be positively associated with sustained attention and verbal fluency regardless of diagnosis; however, negative symptom severity strongly predicts social skills performance. Improving neuropsychological functioning may improve psychosocial functioning in people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanjbeel Mahmood
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States
| | - Cynthia Z Burton
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States
| | - Lea Vella
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States
| | - Elizabeth W Twamley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, United States; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, United States.
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340
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Moieni M, Eisenberger NI. Effects of inflammation on social processes and implications for health. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1428:5-13. [PMID: 29806109 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although at first glance inflammation and social behavior may appear unrelated, research points to an important role for inflammation in shaping social processes. This review summarizes findings in this field, specifically highlighting work that provides support for the idea that inflammation can lead to (1) increases in sensitivity to negative, threatening social experiences and (2) increases in sensitivity to positive, socially rewarding experiences. These diverging sensitivities in response to inflammation may depend on context and be adaptive for recuperation and recovery from illness. This review also discusses the implications of these findings for health and future research, including implications for depression, loneliness, and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moieni
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naomi I Eisenberger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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341
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Neuroprotective evidence of alpha-lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine on memory deficit in a neuroendocrine model of depression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:803-817. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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342
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Abstract
I have been given a priceless opportunity to reflect on my career in the remarkably productive field of risk factors for depression. Psychological research on depression exploded in the early years of my work. I try to give an account of the choices and challenges, and reflect on the influences, some calculated and some serendipitous, that determined the paths I have followed. I focus mostly on the robust depression risk factors that have influenced my research, including dysfunctional cognitions, stressful life events and circumstances, parental depression, interpersonal dysfunction, and being female, and I cover some of what I did but also the influential work of others. This is a selective review of depression research in the past 40 or so years, noting some of the big developments that set the stage for the remarkable activity that continues today. In the conclusion, there is a brief statement of aspirations for future developments in our field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Hammen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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343
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Kuwano N, Kato TA, Setoyama D, Sato-Kasai M, Shimokawa N, Hayakawa K, Ohgidani M, Sagata N, Kubo H, Kishimoto J, Kang D, Kanba S. Tryptophan-kynurenine and lipid related metabolites as blood biomarkers for first-episode drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder: An exploratory pilot case-control study. J Affect Disord 2018; 231:74-82. [PMID: 29454180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention in depression has been critical to prevent its negative impact including suicide. Recent blood biomarker studies for major depressive disorder (MDD) have suggested that tryptophan-kynurenine and lipid related metabolites are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. However, there have been limited studies investigating these blood biomarkers in first-episode drug-naïve MDD, which are particularly important for early intervention in depression. METHODS As an exploratory pilot case-control study, we examined the above blood biomarkers, and analyzed how these biomarkers are associated with clinical variables in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients, based on metabolome/lipidome analysis. RESULTS Plasma tryptophan and kynurenine levels were significantly lower in MDD group (N = 15) compared to healthy controls (HC) group (N = 19), and plasma tryptophan was the significant biomarker to identify MDD group (area under the curve = 0.740). Lower serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was the predictive biomarker for severity of depression in MDD group (R2 = 0.444). Interestingly, depressive symptoms were variously correlated with plasma tryptophan-kynurenine and lipid related metabolites. Moreover, plasma tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites and cholesteryl esters (CEs) were significantly correlated in MDD group, but not in HC group. LIMITATIONS This study had small sample size, and we did not use the multiple test correction. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to suggest that not only tryptophan-kynurenine metabolites but also HDL-C and CEs are important blood biomarkers for first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients. The present study sheds new light on early intervention in clinical practice in depression, and further clinical studies especially large-scale prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuki Kuwano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mina Sato-Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shimokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kubo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junji Kishimoto
- Department of Research and Development of Next Generation Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigenob Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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344
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Childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation, and internalizing symptoms: a longitudinal, three-wave, population-based study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:481-491. [PMID: 29188445 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A number of cross-sectional studies have consistently shown a correlation between childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation and internalizing symptoms. Using a longitudinal, three-wave design, this study sought to assess the mediating role of perceived social isolation in adulthood in the association between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood. The study has a three-wave design. We used data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 4530), a representative prospective cohort study of men and women. Perceived social isolation was measured at a mean age of 54.7 years, and internalizing symptoms were measured at a mean age of 61.7 years. The difference-in-coefficients method was used to assess the indirect effects and the proportion (%) of mediated effects. Childhood physical maltreatment was associated with an up to 68% [relative risk (RR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-2.13] higher risk of perceived social isolation in adulthood. Childhood physical maltreatment and perceived social isolation in adulthood were associated with greater levels of internalizing symptoms in adulthood (p < 0.01). A dose-response association was observed between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood (p < 0.001). Perceived social isolation in adulthood mediated up to 14.89% (p < 0.05) of the association between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood. The results of this study indicate the need to take perceived social isolation into account when considering the impact of childhood physical maltreatment on internalizing symptoms.
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345
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He Z, Lin Y, Xia L, Liu Z, Zhang D, Elliott R. Critical role of the right VLPFC in emotional regulation of social exclusion: a tDCS study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:357-366. [PMID: 29618116 PMCID: PMC5928413 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is abundant evidence suggesting that the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) plays an important role in down-regulating the emotional response to social exclusion. However, a causal relationship between rVLPFC function and explicit emotional regulation is not clear in the context of social exclusion. This study employed anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to activate rVLPFC while participants used emotional regulation to reappraise pictures of social exclusion. Forty-four participants were randomly assigned to an active tDCS group or a sham group. Both groups viewed social exclusion images under two conditions: in the no-reappraisal condition, participants were instructed to passively view social exclusion images; in the reappraisal condition, they reappraised the images to down-regulate negative emotional responses. Compared to sham stimulation, anodal tDCS over the rVLPFC resulted in less negative emotion ratings, and produced significantly smaller pupil diameter in the reappraisal, compared to no-reappraisal block. The tDCS also led to longer fixation durations to rejectees and shorter fixation durations to rejecters. Taken together, these findings suggest a causal role for rVLPFC in down-regulation of negative emotions produced by social exclusion. This study has implications for clinical interventions targeting emotional regulation deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong He
- Department of Psychology, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yiqin Lin
- Department of Psychology, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lisheng Xia
- College of Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Department of Psychology, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, College of Psychology and Sociology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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346
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Han K, Martinez D, Chapman SB, Krawczyk DC. Neural correlates of reduced depressive symptoms following cognitive training for chronic traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2955-2971. [PMID: 29573026 PMCID: PMC6055759 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most frequent comorbid psychiatric condition among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, little is known about changes in the brain associated with reduced depressive symptoms following rehabilitation for TBI. We identified whether cognitive training alleviates comorbid depressive symptoms in chronic TBI (>6 months post-injury) as a secondary effect. Further, we elucidated neural correlates of alleviated depressive symptoms following cognitive training. A total of seventy-nine individuals with chronic TBI (53 depressed and 26 non-depressed individuals, measured using the Beck Depressive Inventory [BDI]), underwent either strategy- or information-based cognitive training in a small group for 8 weeks. We measured psychological functioning scores, cortical thickness, and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) for these individuals before training, immediately post-training, and 3 months post-training. After confirming that changes in BDI scores were independent of training group affiliation, we identified that the depressive-symptoms group showed reductions in BDI scores over time relative to the non-depressed TBI controls (p < .01). Within the depressive-symptoms group, reduced BDI scores was associated with improvements in scores for post-traumatic stress disorder, TBI symptom awareness, and functional status (p < .00625), increases in cortical thickness in four regions within the right prefrontal cortex (pvertex < .01, pcluster <.05), and decreases in rsFC with each of these four prefrontal regions (pvertex < .01, pcluster < .0125). Overall, these findings suggest that cognitive training can reduce depressive symptoms in TBI even when the training does not directly target psychiatric symptoms. Importantly, cortical thickness and brain connectivity may offer promising neuroimaging markers of training-induced improvement in mental health status in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihwan Han
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - David Martinez
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel C Krawczyk
- Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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347
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Shimada K, Kasaba R, Fujisawa TX, Sakakibara N, Takiguchi S, Tomoda A. Subclinical maternal depressive symptoms modulate right inferior frontal response to inferring affective mental states of adults but not of infants. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:32-40. [PMID: 29306056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a mother of young children increases the risk of depression characterised by deficits in inferring what a person is feeling, i.e., affective theory of mind (aToM). Despite the adverse consequences for mothers, children, families, and society as a whole, little is known of how the brain functions underlying aToM ability are affected by subclinical maternal depressive symptoms, and act as a risk indicator for major depressive disorders (MDD). METHODS Thirty healthy mothers with varying levels of depressive symptoms underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing mind-reading tasks based on the emotional expressions of adult eyes and infant faces. RESULTS In the adult eyes-based mind-reading task, mothers with more severe depressive symptoms showed less activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a central part of the putative mirror neuron system (pMNS). This was unrelated to behavioural performance decline in the task. However, brain activation involved in the infant face-based mind-reading task was not affected by depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS Although aToM ability, assessed by mind-reading tasks, can be distinguished from empathy, these can be interacting functions of the pMNS, wherein they could mutually affect each other. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that functional activation of the right IFG, which underlies aToM ability, has variable vulnerability to maternal depressive symptoms according to the type of social signal. This functional decline of the right IFG may be a risk indicator for clinical maternal depression, which is associated with impaired social functioning and communication conflicts with family members and other social supporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shimada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Biomedical Imaging Research Center, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Ryoko Kasaba
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takashi X Fujisawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Nobuko Sakakibara
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takiguchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
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348
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Krause AL, Colic L, Borchardt V, Li M, Strauss B, Buchheim A, Wildgruber D, Fonagy P, Nolte T, Walter M. Functional connectivity changes following interpersonal reactivity. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:866-879. [PMID: 29164726 PMCID: PMC6866275 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Attachment experiences substantially influence emotional and cognitive development. Narratives comprising attachment-dependent content were proposed to modulate activation of cognitive-emotional schemata in listeners. We studied the effects after listening to prototypical attachment narratives on wellbeing and countertransference-reactions in 149 healthy participants. Neural correlates of these cognitive-emotional schema activations were investigated in a 7 Tesla rest-task-rest fMRI-study (23 healthy males) using functional connectivity (FC) analysis of the social approach network (seed regions: left and right Caudate Nucleus, CN). Reduced FC between left CN and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) represented a general effect of prior auditory stimulation. After presentation of the insecure-dismissing narrative, FC between left CN and bilateral temporo-parietal junction, and right dorsal posterior Cingulum was reduced, compared to baseline. Post-narrative FC-patterns of insecure-dismissing and insecure-preoccupied narratives differed in strength between left CN and right DLPFC. Neural correlates of the moderating effect of individual attachment anxiety were represented in a reduced CN-DLPFC FC as a function of individual neediness-levels. These findings suggest specific neural processing of prolonged mood-changes and schema activation induced by attachment-specific speech patterns. Individual desire for interpersonal proximity was predicted by attachment anxiety and furthermore modulated FC of the social approach network in those exposed to such narratives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Krause
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - L Colic
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - V Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - M Li
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - B Strauss
- University Hospital Jena, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany
| | - A Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D Wildgruber
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - P Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Nolte
- Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - M Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
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349
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Wehebrink KS, Koelkebeck K, Piest S, de Dreu CKW, Kret ME. Pupil mimicry and trust - Implication for depression. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 97:70-76. [PMID: 29202275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Individuals suffering from depression often have difficulty trusting others. Previous research has shown a relationship between trust formation and pupil mimicry - the synchronization of pupil sizes between individuals. The current study therefore examined whether pupil mimicry is weaker in depressed individuals and an underlying factor of their low levels of trust. Forty-two patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 40 healthy control subjects played trust games with virtual partners. Images of these partners' eye regions were presented to participants before they had to make a monetary investment decision. Partners' pupils either dilated, constricted, or remained static over the course of 4-s interactions. During the task, participants' pupil sizes were recorded with eye-tracking equipment to assess mimicry. The results confirm that patients with MDD were somewhat less trusting than controls and used another's pupillary cues differently when deciding to trust. Specifically, whereas healthy controls trusted partners with dilating pupils more than partners with constricting pupils, patients with MDD particularly trusted partners whose pupils changed in size less, regardless of whether partners' pupils were dilating or constricting. This difference in investment behavior was unrelated to differences in pupil mimicry, which was equally apparent in both groups and fostered trust to the same extent. Whereas lower levels of trust observed in patients with MDD could not be explained by differences in pupil mimicry, our data show that pupil dilation mimicry might help people to trust. These findings provide further evidence for the important role of pupil size and pupil mimicry in interpersonal trust formation and shed light on the pathophysiology of clinically low trust in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S Wehebrink
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2300 UC Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Muenster, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Katja Koelkebeck
- University of Muenster, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A9, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Simon Piest
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, School of Law and Economics, Große Steinstrasse 73, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carsten K W de Dreu
- Leiden University, Department of Social Psychology, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2300 UC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska E Kret
- Leiden University, Cognitive Psychology Unit, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), 2300 UC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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350
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Malejko K, Neff D, Brown R, Plener PL, Bonenberger M, Abler B, Graf H. Neural Correlates of Social Inclusion in Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:653. [PMID: 30559687 PMCID: PMC6287007 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans engage in social interactions and have a fundamental need and motivation to establish and maintain social connections. Neuroimaging studies particularly focused on the neural substrates of social exclusion in healthy subjects (HC), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and major depression (MD). However, there is evidence regarding neural alterations also during social inclusion in BPD that we intended to elucidate in our study. Considering that patients with BPD often have comorbid MD, we investigated patients with BPD, and comorbid MD, patients with MD without BPD, and a sample of HC. By investigating these two clinical samples within one study design, we attempted to disentangle potential confounds arising by psychiatric disorder or medication and to relate neural alterations under social inclusion specifically to BPD. We investigated 48 females (15 BPD and MD, 16 MD, and 17 HC) aged between 18 and 40 years by fMRI (3T), using the established cyberball paradigm with social exclusion, inclusion, and passive watching conditions. Significant group-by-condition interaction effects (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected on cluster level) were observed within the dorsolateral (dlPFC) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and the precuneus. Comparisons of estimated neural activations revealed that significant interaction effects were related to a relative increase in neural activations during social inclusion in BPD. In detail, we observed a significant increase in differential (social inclusion vs. passive watching) neural activation within the dmPFC and the PCC in BPD compared to both, MD and HC. However, significant interaction effects within the dlPFC and the TPJ could not specifically be linked to BPD considering that they did not differ significantly between the two clinical groups in post-hoc comparisons. Our study supports previous results on effects of social and inclusion in BPD, and provides further evidence regarding disorder specific neural alterations in BPD for brain regions associated with self-referential and mentalizing processes during social inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Malejko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Neff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul L Plener
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Bonenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Birgit Abler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Graf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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