301
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Cunliffe VT. Building a zebrafish toolkit for investigating the pathobiology of epilepsy and identifying new treatments for epileptic seizures. J Neurosci Methods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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302
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Li X, Li X, Chen D, Guo JL, Feng DF, Sun MZ, Lu Y, Chen DY, Zhao X, Feng XZ. Evaluating the biological impact of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) on developmental and exploratory profile of zebrafish larvae. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we employed zebrafish as an animal model to evaluate the biological effect of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) on early developmentviamorphological, physiological, and behavioural analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
| | - Xu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- School of Medicine
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Di Chen
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | | | - Dao-Fu Feng
- Department of General Surgery
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Ming-Zhu Sun
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Yun Lu
- TEDA Hospital
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Dong-Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- School of Medicine
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Xi-Zeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
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303
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Kalueff AV, Echevarria DJ, Homechaudhuri S, Stewart AM, Collier AD, Kaluyeva AA, Li S, Liu Y, Chen P, Wang J, Yang L, Mitra A, Pal S, Chaudhuri A, Roy A, Biswas M, Roy D, Podder A, Poudel MK, Katare DP, Mani RJ, Kyzar EJ, Gaikwad S, Nguyen M, Song C. Zebrafish neurobehavioral phenomics for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:297-309. [PMID: 26372090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly emerging as an important model organism for aquatic neuropharmacology and toxicology research. The behavioral/phenotypic complexity of zebrafish allows for thorough dissection of complex human brain disorders and drug-evoked pathological states. As numerous zebrafish models become available with a wide spectrum of behavioral, genetic, and environmental methods to test novel drugs, here we discuss recent zebrafish phenomics methods to facilitate drug discovery, particularly in the field of biological psychiatry. Additionally, behavioral, neurological, and endocrine endpoints are becoming increasingly well-characterized in zebrafish, making them an inexpensive, robust and effective model for toxicology research and pharmacological screening. We also discuss zebrafish behavioral phenotypes, experimental considerations, pharmacological candidates and relevance of zebrafish neurophenomics to other 'omics' (e.g., genomic, proteomic) approaches. Finally, we critically evaluate the limitations of utilizing this model organism, and outline future strategies of research in the field of zebrafish phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan V Kalueff
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; Chemical-Technological Institute and Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia.
| | - David J Echevarria
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Sumit Homechaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam D Collier
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | | | - Shaomin Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Yingcong Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Peirong Chen
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - JiaJia Wang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
| | - Anisa Mitra
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Subharthi Pal
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Adwitiya Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Missidona Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Dola Roy
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Anupam Podder
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Manoj K Poudel
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Deepshikha P Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Ruchi J Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, UP, India
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Siddharth Gaikwad
- Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA 70458, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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304
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Dubey S, Ganeshpurkar A, Bansal D, Dubey N. Protective effect of rutin on impairment of cognitive functions of due to antiepileptic drugs on zebrafish model. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47:86-9. [PMID: 25821317 PMCID: PMC4375825 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.150357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The severity of adverse reactions due to antiepileptics is observed during initiation and early treatment in which impairment of cognitive effects are common. Since long time, herbal medicine is a natural remedy to treat neural symptoms. Phytochemicals have been proven to be potent neuro-protective agents. Rutin, a bioflavonoid is established to be nootropic in many studies. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective effect of rutin in zebrafish against the side effects produced by AEDs. Materials and Methods: Seizures were induced in zebrafish by phenylenetetrazole. Rutin pretreatment (50 mg/kg, single injection, i.p.) was done before commencement of the study. Behavioral studies were performed as: latency to move high in the tank, locomotion effects, color effect, shoal cohesion, light/dark test on Zebrafish. Results: Treatment with rutin reverted the locomotor behavior to normal. Treatment with AEDs caused fishes to move in all regions while, in case of treatment with rutin, the response reverted to normal. Treatment with AEDs altered swimming behavior of zebrafish, however, rutin showed a positive effect over this behavior. Treatment with AEDs resulted in restricted movement of zebrafish to the dark zone. Treatment with rutin caused increased latency of zebrafish to move in the light compartment. Similarly, time spent in the light compartment by zebrafish treated with rutin was significantly (P < 0.01) higher as compared to zebrafish treated with AEDs. Conclusion: The results suggest a protective role of rutin on cognition impaired by AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Dubey
- Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Near ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Praesh, India
| | - Aditya Ganeshpurkar
- Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Near ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Praesh, India
| | - Divya Bansal
- Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Near ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Praesh, India
| | - Nazneen Dubey
- Shri Ram Institute of Technology-Pharmacy, Near ITI, Madhotal, Jabalpur, Madhya Praesh, India
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305
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Siebel AM, Menezes FP, da Costa Schaefer I, Petersen BD, Bonan CD. Rapamycin suppresses PTZ-induced seizures at different developmental stages of zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139 Pt B:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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306
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Dabacan A, Ciura S, Kabashi E, de Calbiac H, Muresan R. Novel perspective on field recordings in zebrafish models of epilepsy. BMC Neurosci 2015. [PMCID: PMC4697529 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-16-s1-p171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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307
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A Simple Method for Immunohistochemical Staining of Zebrafish Brain Sections for c-fos Protein Expression. Zebrafish 2015; 12:414-20. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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308
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Randlett O, Wee CL, Naumann EA, Nnaemeka O, Schoppik D, Fitzgerald JE, Portugues R, Lacoste AM, Riegler C, Engert F, Schier AF. Whole-brain activity mapping onto a zebrafish brain atlas. Nat Methods 2015; 12:1039-46. [PMID: 26778924 PMCID: PMC4710481 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to localize the neural circuits involved in generating behaviors, it is necessary to assign activity onto anatomical maps of the nervous system. Using brain registration across hundreds of larval zebrafish, we have built an expandable open-source atlas containing molecular labels and definitions of anatomical regions, the Z-Brain. Using this platform and immunohistochemical detection of phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) as a readout of neural activity, we have developed a system to create and contextualize whole-brain maps of stimulus- and behavior-dependent neural activity. This mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP)-mapping assay is technically simple, and data analysis is completely automated. Because MAP-mapping is performed on freely swimming fish, it is applicable to studies of nearly any stimulus or behavior. Here we demonstrate our high-throughput approach using pharmacological, visual and noxious stimuli, as well as hunting and feeding. The resultant maps outline hundreds of areas associated with behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Randlett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Caroline L. Wee
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eva A. Naumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Onyeka Nnaemeka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Schoppik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Ruben Portugues
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alix M.B. Lacoste
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Clemens Riegler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander F. Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, MA 02138, USA
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309
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Legradi J, el Abdellaoui N, van Pomeren M, Legler J. Comparability of behavioural assays using zebrafish larvae to assess neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16277-89. [PMID: 25399529 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Testing of compounds for neurotoxicity has become increasingly important in recent years. It has been shown that neurological disorders like autism may be related to chemical exposures, which may play a crucial role in the progression of these diseases. Special attention has been be given to the substances causing developmental neurotoxicity as the developing nervous system is more vulnerable to impacts by chemicals than the adult nervous system. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a well-established model species in developmental biology and an emerging model in behavioural and neurological studies. Zebrafish larvae display numerous behavioural patterns highly similar to rodents and humans. Their physical characteristics make them well suited for automated high-throughput screening. In the last years, the number of behavioural studies conducted with zebrafish larvae has increased notably. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of behavioural assays commonly used to test substances for developmental neurotoxicity. Literature from 1995 to 2014 was reviewed and focussed on assays performed with zebrafish larvae younger than 7 days post fertilization (dpf). The behavioural tests were scrutinized, and parameters describing the different experimental setups were defined. In the next step, we investigated if differences in the experimental parameters alter the outcome of the test. In order to test the comparability of behavioural assays, we analysed several studies using ethanol, valproate and pentylenetetrazole as model substances. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations which could help improve future behavioural studies performed with zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Legradi
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - N el Abdellaoui
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Pomeren
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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310
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Stewart AM, Kaluyeva AA, Poudel MK, Nguyen M, Song C, Kalueff AV. Building Zebrafish Neurobehavioral Phenomics: Effects of Common Environmental Factors on Anxiety and Locomotor Activity. Zebrafish 2015; 12:339-48. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Alexandra A. Kaluyeva
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Manoj K. Poudel
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Michael Nguyen
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University (GDOU), Zhanjiang, China
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), ZENEREI Institute, Slidell, Louisiana
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University (GDOU), Zhanjiang, China
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University (SPSU), St. Petersburg, Russia
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311
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Li JL, Zhou J, Chen ZH, Guo SY, Li CQ, Zhao WM. Bioactive C21 Steroidal Glycosides from the Roots of Cynanchum otophyllum That Suppress the Seizure-like Locomotor Activity of Zebrafish Caused by Pentylenetetrazole. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1548-1555. [PMID: 26135914 DOI: 10.1021/np501058b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Six new C21 steroidal glycosides, cynotophyllosides A-F (1-6), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. The three major components, otophylloside F (15), otophylloside B (17), and rostratamine 3-O-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (18), suppressed the seizure-like locomotor activity caused by pentylenetetrazole in zebrafish. Preliminary structure-activity relation studies revealed that a pregnene skeleton with a C-12 ester group (ikemaoyl > cinnamoyl > hydroxy > p-hydroxybenzoyl) and a C-3 sugar chain consisting of three 2,6-dideoxysaccharide units is essential for this suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Li
- †Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- ‡Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Transfarland, Hangzhou 311231, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- †Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ya Guo
- ‡Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Transfarland, Hangzhou 311231, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qi Li
- ‡Hunter Biotechnology, Inc., Transfarland, Hangzhou 311231, People's Republic of China
- §Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Zhao
- †Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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312
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Torres-Hernández BA, Del Valle-Mojica LM, Ortíz JG. Valerenic acid and Valeriana officinalis extracts delay onset of Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-Induced seizures in adult Danio rerio (Zebrafish). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:228. [PMID: 26168917 PMCID: PMC4501072 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Anticonvulsant properties have been attributed to extracts of the herbal medicine Valeriana officinalis. Our aims were to examine the anticonvulsant properties of valerenic acid and valerian extracts and to determine whether valerian preparations interact with the activity of other anti-epileptic drugs (phenytoin or clonazepam). To achieve these goals, we validated the adult zebrafish, Danio rerio, as an animal model for studying anticonvulsant drugs. Methods All drug treatments were administered by immersion in water containing the drug. For assays of anticonvulsant activity, zebrafish were pretreated with: anti-epileptic drugs, valerenic acid, aqueous or ethanolic valerian extracts, or mixtures (phenytoin or clonazepam with valerenic acid or valerian extracts). Seizures were then induced with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). A behavioral scale was developed for scoring PTZ-induced seizures in adult zebrafish. The seizure latency was evaluated for all pretreatments and control, untreated fish. Valerenic acid and both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of valerian root were also evaluated for their ability to improve survival after pentylenetetrazole-challenge. The assay was validated by comparison with well-studied anticonvulsant drugs (phenytoin, clonazepam, gabapentin and valproate). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test was performed, using a p < 0.05 level of significance. All treatments were compared with the untreated animals and with the other pretreatments. Results After exposure to pentylenetetrazole, zebrafish exhibited a series of stereotypical behaviors prior to the appearance of clonic-like movements—convulsions. Both valerenic acid and valerian extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) significantly extended the latency period to the onset of seizure (convulsion) in adult zebrafish. The ethanolic valerian extract was a more potent anticonvulsant than the aqueous extract. Valerenic acid and both valerian extracts interacted synergistically with clonazepam to extended the latency period to the onset of seizure. Phenytoin showed interaction only with the ethanolic valerian extracts. Conclusions Valerenic acid and valerian extracts have anticonvulsant properties in adult zebrafish. Valerian extracts markedly enhanced the anticonvulsant effect of both clonazepam and phenytoin, and could contribute to therapy of epileptic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0731-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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313
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Qu F, Xiang Z, Wang F, Zhang Y, Tong Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu Z. A novel molluscan Fos gene with immune defense function identified in the Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:194-201. [PMID: 25841657 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Fos is a member of one of the best-studied AP-1 sub-families and has been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes, including the regulation of apoptosis, immune responses and cytokine production. In this report, a novel mollusk Fos (referred to as ChFos) gene was cloned and characterized from the Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis. The deduced ChFos protein sequence comprised 333 amino acids and shared significant homology with invertebrate homologs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ChFos clusters with Fos from Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea ariakensis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ChFos mRNA was broadly expressed in all tested tissues and during different stages of the oyster's embryonic and larval development. In addition, the expression of ChFos mRNA was significantly up-regulated under challenge with microorganisms (Vibrio alginolyticus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs: LPS, PGN and polyI:C). Moreover, fluorescence microscopy showed that ChFos protein is localized in the nucleus in HEK293T cells. Reporter assays suggested that ChFos may act as an efficient transcription activator in the regulation of AP-1-responsive gene expression through interaction with ChJun. Overall, this study presents the first experimental evidence of the presence and functional characteristics of Fos in mollusks, which reveals its involvement in host protection against immune challenge in the oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Fuxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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314
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Dinday MT, Baraban SC. Large-Scale Phenotype-Based Antiepileptic Drug Screening in a Zebrafish Model of Dravet Syndrome. eNeuro 2015; 2:ENEURO.0068-15.2015. [PMID: 26465006 PMCID: PMC4596025 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0068-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in a voltage-gated sodium channel (SCN1A) result in Dravet Syndrome (DS), a catastrophic childhood epilepsy. Zebrafish with a mutation in scn1Lab recapitulate salient phenotypes associated with DS, including seizures, early fatality, and resistance to antiepileptic drugs. To discover new drug candidates for the treatment of DS, we screened a chemical library of ∼1000 compounds and identified 4 compounds that rescued the behavioral seizure component, including 1 compound (dimethadione) that suppressed associated electrographic seizure activity. Fenfluramine, but not huperzine A, also showed antiepileptic activity in our zebrafish assays. The effectiveness of compounds that block neuronal calcium current (dimethadione) or enhance serotonin signaling (fenfluramine) in our zebrafish model suggests that these may be important therapeutic targets in patients with DS. Over 150 compounds resulting in fatality were also identified. We conclude that the combination of behavioral and electrophysiological assays provide a convenient, sensitive, and rapid basis for phenotype-based drug screening in zebrafish mimicking a genetic form of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Dinday
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Epilepsy Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Scott C. Baraban
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Epilepsy Research Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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315
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Pharmacological characterization of an antisense knockdown zebrafish model of Dravet syndrome: inhibition of epileptic seizures by the serotonin agonist fenfluramine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125898. [PMID: 25965391 PMCID: PMC4428833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is one of the most pharmacoresistant and devastating forms of childhood epilepsy syndromes. Distinct de novo mutations in the SCN1A gene are responsible for over 80% of DS cases. While DS is largely resistant to treatment with existing anti-epileptic drugs, promising results have been obtained in clinical trials with human patients treated with the serotonin agonist fenfluramine as an add-on therapeutic. We developed a zebrafish model of DS using morpholino antisense oligomers (MOs) targeting scn1Lab, the zebrafish ortholog of SCN1A. Zebrafish larvae with an antisense knockdown of scn1Lab (scn1Lab morphants) were characterized by automated behavioral tracking and high-resolution video imaging, in addition to measuring brain activity through local field potential recordings. Our findings reveal that scn1Lab morphants display hyperactivity, convulsive seizure-like behavior, loss of posture, repetitive jerking and a myoclonic seizure-like pattern. The occurrence of spontaneous seizures was confirmed by local field potential recordings of the forebrain, measuring epileptiform discharges. Furthermore, we show that these larvae are remarkably sensitive to hyperthermia, similar to what has been described for mouse models of DS, as well as for human DS patients. Pharmacological evaluation revealed that sodium valproate and fenfluramine significantly reduce epileptiform discharges in scn1Lab morphants. Our findings for this zebrafish model of DS are in accordance with clinical data for human DS patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating effective seizure inhibition of fenfluramine in an animal model of Dravet syndrome. Moreover, these results provide a basis for identifying novel analogs with improved activity and significantly milder or no side effects.
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316
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Mensch S, Baraban M, Almeida R, Czopka T, Ausborn J, El Manira A, Lyons DA. Synaptic vesicle release regulates myelin sheath number of individual oligodendrocytes in vivo. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:628-30. [PMID: 25849985 PMCID: PMC4427868 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes markedly affects CNS function, but how this is regulated by neuronal activity in vivo is not known. We found that blocking synaptic vesicle release impaired CNS myelination by reducing the number of myelin sheaths made by individual oligodendrocytes during their short period of formation. We also found that stimulating neuronal activity increased myelin sheath formation by individual oligodendrocytes. These data indicate that neuronal activity regulates the myelinating capacity of single oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Mensch
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marion Baraban
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rafael Almeida
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica Ausborn
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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317
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Lutte AH, Capiotti KM, da Silva NLG, da Silva CSDO, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Da Silva RS. Contributions from extracellular sources of adenosine to the ethanol toxicity in zebrafish larvae. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 53:82-91. [PMID: 25883026 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ethanol exposure on extracellular adenosine sources in zebrafish were evaluated. In the acute treatment, the embryos were exposed to 2% ethanol on day 1 post-fertilization (dpf). In the chronic treatment, the exposure was continued for 2h/day up to 6 dpf. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity was assessed by colorimetric method and gene expression determined by RT-qPCR in 7 dpf zebrafish. Body length, ocular distance and surface area of the eyes were registered in animals acutely exposed to ethanol and pretreated with AOPCP (5-500 nM), an ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor, or dipyridamole (10-100 μM), a blocker of nucleoside transport. Both ethanol exposures promoted increased ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity, impaired locomotion and morphology. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression was not affected. AOPCP promoted mild prevention of morphological defects caused by acute treatment, while dipyridamole worsened these defects. Early ethanol exposure altered adenosinergic tonus, especially through nucleoside transporters, contributing to morphological defects produced by ethanol in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Haab Lutte
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katiucia Marques Capiotti
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicole Luize Garcia da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silveira de Oliveira da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza Da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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318
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Leclercq K, Afrikanova T, Langlois M, De Prins A, Buenafe OE, Rospo CC, Van Eeckhaut A, de Witte PAM, Crawford AD, Smolders I, Esguerra CV, Kaminski RM. Cross-species pharmacological characterization of the allylglycine seizure model in mice and larval zebrafish. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 45:53-63. [PMID: 25845493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant seizures affect about a third of patients suffering from epilepsy. To fulfill the need for new medications targeting treatment-resistant seizures, a number of rodent models offer the opportunity to assess a variety of potential treatment approaches. The use of such models, however, has proven to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this study, we performed pharmacological characterization of the allylglycine (AG) seizure model, a simple in vivo model for which we demonstrated a high level of treatment resistance. (d,l)-Allylglycine inhibits glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) - the key enzyme in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) biosynthesis - leading to GABA depletion, seizures, and neuronal damage. We performed a side-by-side comparison of mouse and zebrafish acute AG treatments including biochemical, electrographic, and behavioral assessments. Interestingly, seizure progression rate and GABA depletion kinetics were comparable in both species. Five mechanistically diverse antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were used. Three out of the five AEDs (levetiracetam, phenytoin, and topiramate) showed only a limited protective effect (mainly mortality delay) at doses close to the TD50 (dose inducing motor impairment in 50% of animals) in mice. The two remaining AEDs (diazepam and sodium valproate) displayed protective activity against AG-induced seizures. Experiments performed in zebrafish larvae revealed behavioral AED activity profiles highly analogous to those obtained in mice. Having demonstrated cross-species similarities and limited efficacy of tested AEDs, we propose the use of AG in zebrafish as a convenient and high-throughput model of treatment-resistant seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Afrikanova
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melanie Langlois
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - An De Prins
- Center for Neurosciences, C4N, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivia E Buenafe
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chiara C Rospo
- Neuroscience TA, UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Peter A M de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Luxembourg Center for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Center for Neurosciences, C4N, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Chemical Neuroscience Group, Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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319
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Solchenberger B, Russell C, Kremmer E, Haass C, Schmid B. Granulin knock out zebrafish lack frontotemporal lobar degeneration and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis pathology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118956. [PMID: 25785851 PMCID: PMC4365039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in granulin (GRN) are linked to two distinct neurological disorders, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). It is so far unknown how a complete loss of GRN in NCL and partial loss of GRN in FTLD can result in such distinct diseases. In zebrafish, there are two GRN homologues, Granulin A (Grna) and Granulin B (Grnb). We have generated stable Grna and Grnb loss of function zebrafish mutants by zinc finger nuclease mediated genome editing. Surprisingly, the grna and grnb single and double mutants display neither spinal motor neuron axonopathies nor a reduced number of myogenic progenitor cells as previously reported for Grna and Grnb knock down embryos. Additionally, grna−/−;grnb−/− double mutants have no obvious FTLD- and NCL-related biochemical and neuropathological phenotypes. Taken together, the Grna and Grnb single and double knock out zebrafish lack any obvious morphological, pathological and biochemical phenotypes. Loss of zebrafish Grna and Grnb might therefore either be fully compensated or only become symptomatic upon additional challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Solchenberger
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute—Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claire Russell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute—Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Adolf-Butenandt-Institute—Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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320
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Grone BP, Baraban SC. Animal models in epilepsy research: legacies and new directions. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:339-43. [PMID: 25710835 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human epilepsies encompass a wide variety of clinical, behavioral and electrical manifestations. Correspondingly, studies of this disease in nonhuman animals have brought forward an equally wide array of animal models; that is, species and acute or chronic seizure induction protocols. Epilepsy research has a long history of comparative anatomical and physiological studies on a range of mostly mammalian species. Nonetheless, a relatively limited number of rodent models have emerged as the primary choices for most investigations. In many cases, these animal models are selected on the basis of convenience or tradition, although technical or experimental rationale does, and should, factor into these decisions. More complex mammalian brains and genetic model organisms including zebrafish have been studied less, but offer substantial advantages that are becoming widely recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Grone
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott C Baraban
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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321
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Stewart AM, Gerlai R, Kalueff AV. Developing highER-throughput zebrafish screens for in-vivo CNS drug discovery. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:14. [PMID: 25729356 PMCID: PMC4325915 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of brain disorders and the lack of their efficient treatments necessitate improved in-vivo pre-clinical models and tests. The zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vertebrate species with high genetic and physiological homology to humans, is an excellent organism for innovative central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery and small molecule screening. Here, we outline new strategies for developing higher-throughput zebrafish screens to test neuroactive drugs and predict their pharmacological mechanisms. With the growing application of automated 3D phenotyping, machine learning algorithms, movement pattern- and behavior recognition, and multi-animal video-tracking, zebrafish screens are expected to markedly improve CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute and The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga ON, Canada
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute and The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium Slidell, LA, USA ; Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrients, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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322
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Stewart AM, Ullmann JF, Norton WH, Brennan CH, Parker MO, Gerlai R, Kalueff AV. Molecular psychiatry of zebrafish. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:2-17. [PMID: 25349164 PMCID: PMC4318706 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to their well-characterized neural development and high genetic homology to mammals, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful model organism in the field of biological psychiatry. Here, we discuss the molecular psychiatry of zebrafish, and its implications for translational neuroscience research and modeling central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In particular, we outline recent genetic and technological developments allowing for in vivo examinations, high-throughput screening and whole-brain analyses in larval and adult zebrafish. We also summarize the application of these molecular techniques to the understanding of neuropsychiatric disease, outlining the potential of zebrafish for modeling complex brain disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), aggression, post-traumatic stress and substance abuse. Critically evaluating the advantages and limitations of larval and adult fish tests, we suggest that zebrafish models become a rapidly emerging new field in modern molecular psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Jeremy F.P. Ullmann
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - William H.J. Norton
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Caroline H. Brennan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1-4NS, UK
| | - Matthew O. Parker
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1-4NS, UK
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd N Mississauga, Ontario L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Allan V. Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524025, China
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323
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Johnson MR, Behmoaras J, Bottolo L, Krishnan ML, Pernhorst K, Santoscoy PLM, Rossetti T, Speed D, Srivastava PK, Chadeau-Hyam M, Hajji N, Dabrowska A, Rotival M, Razzaghi B, Kovac S, Wanisch K, Grillo FW, Slaviero A, Langley SR, Shkura K, Roncon P, De T, Mattheisen M, Niehusmann P, O'Brien TJ, Petrovski S, von Lehe M, Hoffmann P, Eriksson J, Coffey AJ, Cichon S, Walker M, Simonato M, Danis B, Mazzuferi M, Foerch P, Schoch S, De Paola V, Kaminski RM, Cunliffe VT, Becker AJ, Petretto E. Systems genetics identifies Sestrin 3 as a regulator of a proconvulsant gene network in human epileptic hippocampus. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6031. [PMID: 25615886 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-regulatory network analysis is a powerful approach to elucidate the molecular processes and pathways underlying complex disease. Here we employ systems genetics approaches to characterize the genetic regulation of pathophysiological pathways in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Using surgically acquired hippocampi from 129 TLE patients, we identify a gene-regulatory network genetically associated with epilepsy that contains a specialized, highly expressed transcriptional module encoding proconvulsive cytokines and Toll-like receptor signalling genes. RNA sequencing analysis in a mouse model of TLE using 100 epileptic and 100 control hippocampi shows the proconvulsive module is preserved across-species, specific to the epileptic hippocampus and upregulated in chronic epilepsy. In the TLE patients, we map the trans-acting genetic control of this proconvulsive module to Sestrin 3 (SESN3), and demonstrate that SESN3 positively regulates the module in macrophages, microglia and neurons. Morpholino-mediated Sesn3 knockdown in zebrafish confirms the regulation of the transcriptional module, and attenuates chemically induced behavioural seizures in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Johnson
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jacques Behmoaras
- Centre for Complement and Inflammation Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, 180 Queen's Gate, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michelle L Krishnan
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Katharina Pernhorst
- Section of Translational Epileptology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Street 25, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Paola L Meza Santoscoy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tiziana Rossetti
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Doug Speed
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC/PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Place, W21PG London, UK
| | - Nabil Hajji
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Dabrowska
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Banafsheh Razzaghi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stjepana Kovac
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Klaus Wanisch
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Federico W Grillo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anna Slaviero
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, London W12 0NN, UK.,Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paolo Roncon
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tisham De
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Mathematics, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Pitt Niehusmann
- Section of Translational Epileptology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Street 25, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, RMH, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Slave Petrovski
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Marec von Lehe
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johan Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Topeliusgatan 20, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, 407, PO Box 20, Tukholmankatu 8 B, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Alison J Coffey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Walker
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bénédicte Danis
- Neuroscience TA, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l'industrie, R9, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Manuela Mazzuferi
- Neuroscience TA, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l'industrie, R9, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Patrik Foerch
- Neuroscience TA, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l'industrie, R9, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Section of Translational Epileptology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Street 25, Bonn D-53127, Germany.,Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Vincenzo De Paola
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rafal M Kaminski
- Neuroscience TA, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Avenue de l'industrie, R9, B-1420 Braine l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Vincent T Cunliffe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section of Translational Epileptology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Street 25, Bonn D-53127, Germany
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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324
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Li X, Zhang M, Xiang C, Li BC, Li P. Antiepileptic C21 steroids from the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:724-732. [PMID: 25579837 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.1001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover more natural products possessing potentially antiepileptic activities, three C21 steroids, including a new one, characterized as caudatin-3-O-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (1), and two known analogs, otophylloside B (2) and caudatin-3-O-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside (3), were isolated from the chloroform extract of the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum and evaluated for their antiepileptic activities by pentylenetrazole (PTZ)-induced zebrafish larval locomotor assay. The results showed that all of them had marked activities of suppressing PTZ-induced seizure behaviors in larval zebrafish at the dose of 10 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- a Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming 650500 , China
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325
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Abstract
Mutations in Kinesin proteins (Kifs) are linked to various neurological diseases, but the specific and redundant functions of the vertebrate Kifs are incompletely understood. For example, Kif5A, but not other Kinesin-1 heavy-chain family members, is implicated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP), but the mechanism of its involvement in the progressive axonal degeneration characteristic of these diseases is not well understood. We report that zebrafish kif5Aa mutants exhibit hyperexcitability, peripheral polyneuropathy, and axonal degeneration reminiscent of CMT and HSP. Strikingly, although kif5 genes are thought to act largely redundantly in other contexts, and zebrafish peripheral neurons express five kif5 genes, kif5Aa mutant peripheral sensory axons lack mitochondria and degenerate. We show that this Kif5Aa-specific function is cell autonomous and is mediated by its C-terminal tail, as only Kif5Aa and chimeric motors containing the Kif5Aa C-tail can rescue deficits. Finally, concurrent loss of the kinesin-3, kif1b, or its adaptor kbp, exacerbates axonal degeneration via a nonmitochondrial cargo common to Kif5Aa. Our results shed light on Kinesin complexity and reveal determinants of specific Kif5A functions in mitochondrial transport, adaptor binding, and axonal maintenance.
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326
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Siebel AM, Menezes FP, Capiotti KM, Kist LW, da Costa Schaefer I, Frantz JZ, Bogo MR, Da Silva RS, Bonan CD. Role of adenosine signaling on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2015; 12:127-36. [PMID: 25560904 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a well-known endogenous modulator of neuronal excitability with anticonvulsant properties. Thus, the modulation exerted by adenosine might be an effective tool to control seizures. In this study, we investigated the effects of drugs that are able to modulate adenosinergic signaling on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in adult zebrafish. The adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) decreased the latency to the onset of the tonic-clonic seizure stage. The adenosine A1 receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) increased the latency to reach the tonic-clonic seizure stage. Both the adenosine A2A receptor agonist and antagonist, CGS 21680 and ZM 241385, respectively, did not promote changes in seizure parameters. Pretreatment with the ecto-5'nucleotidase inhibitor adenosine 5'-(α,β-methylene) diphosphate (AMPCP) decreased the latency to the onset of the tonic-clonic seizure stage. However, when pretreated with the adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine (EHNA), or with the nucleoside transporter (NT) inhibitors, dipyridamole and S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine (NBTI), animals showed longer latency to reach the tonic-clonic seizure status. Finally, our molecular analysis of the c-fos gene expression corroborates these behavioral results. Our findings indicate that the activation of adenosine A1 receptors is an important mechanism to control the development of seizures in zebrafish. Furthermore, the actions of ecto-5'-nucleotidase, ADA, and NTs are directly involved in the control of extracellular adenosine levels and have an important role in the development of seizure episodes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Siebel
- 1 Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil
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327
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Braga MM, Silva ES, Rico EP, Pettenuzzo LF, Oliveira DL, Dias RD, Rocha JBT, Calcagnotto ME, Tanguay RL, Souza DO, Rosemberg DB. Modulation of the chelatable Zn pool in the brain by diethyldithiocarbamate is associated with behavioral impairment in adult zebrafish. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DEDTC leads to a buildup of DEDTC in the brain with consequent chelation of reactive Zn and behavioral impairment of zebrafish.
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328
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Klarić T, Lardelli M, Key B, Koblar S, Lewis M. Activity-dependent expression of neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 4 (npas4a) in the developing zebrafish brain. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:148. [PMID: 25538572 PMCID: PMC4255624 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, the Npas4 gene has recently been identified as being an important regulator of synaptic plasticity and memory. Homologs of Npas4 have been found in invertebrate species though their functions appear to be too divergent for them to be studied as a proxy for the mammalian proteins. The aim of this study, therefore, was to ascertain the suitability of the zebrafish as a model organism for investigating the function of Npas4 genes. We show here that the expression and regulation of the zebrafish Npas4 homolog, npas4a, is remarkably similar to that of the rodent Npas4 genes. As in mammals, expression of the zebrafish npas4a gene is restricted to the brain where it is up-regulated in response to neuronal activity. Furthermore, we also show that knockdown of npas4a during embryonic development results in a number of forebrain-specific defects including increased apoptosis and misexpression of the forebrain marker genes dlx1a and shha. Our work demonstrates that the zebrafish is a suitable model organism for investigating the role of the npas4a gene and one that is likely to provide valuable insights into the function of the mammalian homologs. Furthermore, our findings highlight a potential role for npas4a in forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klarić
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian Key
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Koblar
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Martin Lewis
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide, SA, Australia
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329
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Nguyen M, Stewart AM, Kalueff AV. Aquatic blues: modeling depression and antidepressant action in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:26-39. [PMID: 24657522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric condition affecting millions of patients worldwide. Unipolar depression is characterized by low mood, anhedonia, social withdrawal and other severely debilitating psychiatric symptoms. Bipolar disorder manifests in alternating depressed mood and 'hyperactive' manic/hypomanic states. Animal experimental models are an invaluable tool for research into the pathogenesis of bipolar/unipolar depression, and for the development of potential treatments. Due to their high throughput value, genetic tractability, low cost and quick reproductive cycle, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a promising new model species for studying brain disorders. Here, we discuss the developing utility of zebrafish for studying depression disorders, and outline future areas of research in this field. We argue that zebrafish represent a useful model organism for studying depression and its behavioral, genetic and physiological mechanisms, as well as for anti-depressant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Road, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute, 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
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330
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Menezes FP, Rico EP, Da Silva RS. Tolerance to seizure induced by kainic acid is produced in a specific period of zebrafish development. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 55:109-12. [PMID: 24743104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During brain development, the electrical disturbance promoted by a seizure can have several consequences, because it can disturb a set of steps extremely regulated needed to the correct brain maturation. Animal modeling of seizure is invaluable to contribute to the mechanistic understanding of punctual seizure event, and those that triggered in an immature neural network could alter the mature brain physiology. In the present study we observed that the exposure to kainic acid diluted directly in water of zebrafish decreased the locomotor activity at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) animals and increased at 15 dpf, despite the absence of more specific seizure features. Pre-exposure to kainic acid (500 μM) diluted in water at 7 dpf animals reduced the susceptibility to a second exposure 2 months later by intraperitoneal injection. The current data suggest that these different responses are associated with neuronal maturation process and open a question about the window of development that are crucial to long lasting effects related to seizure in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Peres Menezes
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pacheco Rico
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção (INCT-EN), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosane Souza Da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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331
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Elbaz I, Lerer-Goldshtein T, Okamoto H, Appelbaum L. Reduced synaptic density and deficient locomotor response in neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin 2a mutant zebrafish. FASEB J 2014; 29:1220-34. [PMID: 25466900 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal-activity-regulated pentraxin (NARP/NPTX2/NP2) is a secreted synaptic protein that regulates the trafficking of glutamate receptors and mediates learning, memory, and drug addiction. The role of NPTX2 in regulating structural synaptic plasticity and behavior in a developing vertebrate is indefinite. We characterized the expression of nptx2a in larvae and adult zebrafish and established a transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated nptx2a mutant (nptx2a(-/-)) to study the role of Nptx2a in regulating structural synaptic plasticity and behavior. Similar to mammals, the zebrafish nptx2a was expressed in excitatory neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Its expression was induced in response to a mechanosensory stimulus but did not change during day and night. Behavioral assays showed that loss of Nptx2a results in reduced locomotor response to light-to-dark transition states and to a sound stimulus. Live imaging of synapses using the transgenic nptx2a:GAL4VP16 zebrafish and a fluorescent presynaptic synaptophysin (SYP) marker revealed reduced synaptic density in the axons of the spinal motor neurons and the anterodorsal lateral-line ganglion (gAD), which regulate locomotor activity and locomotor response to mechanosensory stimuli, respectively. These results suggest that Nptx2a affects locomotor response to external stimuli by mediating structural synaptic plasticity in excitatory neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Elbaz
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tali Lerer-Goldshtein
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Lior Appelbaum
- *The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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332
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Vignet C, Le Menach K, Lyphout L, Guionnet T, Frère L, Leguay D, Budzinski H, Cousin X, Bégout ML. Chronic dietary exposure to pyrolytic and petrogenic mixtures of PAHs causes physiological disruption in zebrafish--part II: behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13818-32. [PMID: 24671398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the last 10 years, behavior assessment has been developed as an indicator of neurotoxicity and an integrated indicator of physiological disruption. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) release into the environment has increased in recent decades resulting in high concentrations of these compounds in the sediment of contaminated areas. We evaluated the behavioral consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, by exposing zebrafish to diets spiked with three PAH fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations. Fish were exposed to these chemicals from their first meal (5 days postfertilization) until they became reproducing adults (at 6 months old). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin and of two oils differing in composition (a heavy fuel oil (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Several tests were carried out to evaluate circadian spontaneous swimming activity, responses to a challenge (photomotor response), exploratory tendencies, and anxiety levels. We found that dietary PAH exposure was associated with greater mobility, lower levels of exploratory activity, and higher levels of anxiety, particularly in fish exposed to the HO fraction and, to a lesser extent, the LO fraction. Finally, our results indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can induce behavioral disruptions resulting in poorer fish performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Vignet
- Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Ifremer, Place Gaby Coll, BP7, 17137, L'Houmeau, France
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333
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Cunliffe VT, Baines RA, Giachello CNG, Lin WH, Morgan A, Reuber M, Russell C, Walker MC, Williams RSB. Epilepsy research methods update: Understanding the causes of epileptic seizures and identifying new treatments using non-mammalian model organisms. Seizure 2014; 24:44-51. [PMID: 25457452 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review is intended to introduce clinicians treating epilepsy and researchers familiar with mammalian models of epilepsy to experimentally tractable, non-mammalian research models used in epilepsy research, ranging from unicellular eukaryotes to more complex multicellular organisms. The review focuses on four model organisms: the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the zebrafish Danio rerio. We consider recent discoveries made with each model organism and discuss the importance of these advances for the understanding and treatment of epilepsy in humans. The relative ease with which mutations in genes of interest can be produced and studied quickly and cheaply in these organisms, together with their anatomical and physiological simplicity in comparison to mammalian species, are major advantages when researchers are trying to unravel complex disease mechanisms. The short generation times of most of these model organisms also mean that they lend themselves particularly conveniently to the investigation of drug effects or epileptogenic processes across the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T Cunliffe
- Bateson Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard A Baines
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Carlo N G Giachello
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Hsiang Lin
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Markus Reuber
- Academic Neurology Unit, University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Russell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom.
| | - Robin S B Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom.
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334
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Bruni G, Lakhani P, Kokel D. Discovering novel neuroactive drugs through high-throughput behavior-based chemical screening in the zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:153. [PMID: 25104936 PMCID: PMC4109429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neuroactive drugs were discovered through unexpected behavioral observations. Systematic behavioral screening is inefficient in most model organisms. But, automated technologies are enabling a new phase of discovery-based research in central nervous system (CNS) pharmacology. Researchers are using large-scale behavior-based chemical screens in zebrafish to discover compounds with new structures, targets, and functions. These compounds are powerful tools for understanding CNS signaling pathways. Substantial differences between human and zebrafish biology will make it difficult to translate these discoveries to clinical medicine. However, given the molecular genetic similarities between humans and zebrafish, it is likely that some of these compounds will have translational utility. We predict that the greatest new successes in CNS drug discovery will leverage many model systems, including in vitro assays, cells, rodents, and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Bruni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Parth Lakhani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - David Kokel
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
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335
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The tyrosine hydroxylase 2 (TH2) system in zebrafish brain and stress activation of hypothalamic cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:619-33. [PMID: 25028341 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two tyrosine hydroxylases (TH1 and TH2) are found in teleost fish, but no antibodies are available for TH2 protein to analyze the detailed structure of the system. We generated antibodies targeting TH2 and used them to characterize the TH2-producing cells in larval and adult zebrafish brain. The rabbit antisera reliably detected two bands corresponding to TH1 and TH2 close to 55 kDa in brain homogenates. The antisera detected neurons in brain nuclei which express th1 and th2 mRNA; knockdown of th2 expression by morpholino oligonucleotide injection abolished both the th2 mRNA signal and immunoreactivity with the rabbit antisera in TH2 cells. Double staining of samples with the rabbit antiserum made against TH2 and a monoclonal antibody which detects only TH1 allowed identification of cell groups expressing either one of the proteins. Cell groups in preoptic area, anterior, intermediate, and posterior part of the paraventricular organ contained neurons stained with the new TH2 antisera but not with the characterized monoclonal TH1 antibody. Neurons immunoreactive for TH2 and 5-HT were distinct. In situ hybridization for the mRNA of the immediate early gene c-fos combined with TH1/TH2 immunohistochemistry was used to characterize the cells of the zebrafish brain reacting to handling stress and a noxious chemical stimulus. Strong upregulation of c-fos expression was detected in hypothalamic nuclei containing TH2 cells, but few of the c-fos-expressing cells were positive for TH2, suggesting that these stressors do not directly activate a large proportion of TH2 cells.
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336
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Baraban SC, Dinday MT, Hortopan GA. Drug screening in Scn1a zebrafish mutant identifies clemizole as a potential Dravet syndrome treatment. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2410. [PMID: 24002024 PMCID: PMC3891590 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a catastrophic pediatric epilepsy with severe intellectual disability, impaired social development and persistent drug-resistant seizures. One of its primary monogenic causes are mutations in Nav1.1 (SCN1A), a voltage-gated sodium channel. Here we characterize zebrafish Nav1.1 (scn1Lab) mutants originally identified in a chemical mutagenesis screen. Mutants exhibit spontaneous abnormal electrographic activity, hyperactivity and convulsive behaviours. Although scn1Lab expression is reduced, microarray analysis is remarkable for the small fraction of differentially expressed genes (~3%) and lack of compensatory expression changes in other scn subunits. Ketogenic diet, diazepam, valproate, potassium bromide and stiripentol attenuate mutant seizure activity; seven other antiepileptic drugs have no effect. A phenotype-based screen of 320 compounds identifies a US Food and Drug Administration-approved compound (clemizole) that inhibits convulsive behaviours and electrographic seizures. This approach represents a new direction in modelling pediatric epilepsy and could be used to identify novel therapeutics for any monogenic epilepsy disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Baraban
- 1] Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0520, 513 Parnassus Avenue San Francisco, California 94143, USA [2] Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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337
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White HS, Löscher W. Searching for the ideal antiepileptogenic agent in experimental models: single treatment versus combinatorial treatment strategies. Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:373-84. [PMID: 24425186 PMCID: PMC3996126 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-013-0250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unmet medical need is the lack of treatments to prevent (or modify) epilepsy in patients at risk, for example, after epileptogenic brain insults such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, or prolonged acute symptomatic seizures like complex febrile seizures or status epilepticus. Typically, following such brain insults there is a seizure-free interval ("latent period"), lasting months to years before the onset of spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures. The latent period after a brain insult offers a window of opportunity in which an appropriate treatment may prevent or modify the epileptogenic process induced by a brain insult. A similar latent period occurs in patients with epileptogenic gene mutations. Studies using animal models of epilepsy have led to a greater understanding of the factors underlying epileptogenesis and have provided significant insight into potential targets by which the development of epilepsy may be prevented or modified. This review focuses largely on some of the most common animal models of epileptogenesis and their potential utility for evaluating proposed antiepileptogenic therapies and identifying useful biomarkers. The authors also describe some of the limitations of using animal models in the search for therapies that move beyond the symptomatic treatment of epilepsy. Promising results of previous studies designed to evaluate antiepileptogenesis and the role of monotherapy versus polytherapy approaches are also discussed. Recent data from both models of genetic and acquired epilepsies strongly indicate that it is possible to prevent or modify epileptogenesis, and, hopefully, such promising results can ultimately be translated into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Steve White
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- />Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- />Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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338
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Zebrafish models for assessing developmental and reproductive toxicity. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 42:35-42. [PMID: 24503215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish is increasingly used as a vertebrate animal model for in vivo drug discovery and for assessing chemical toxicity and safety. Numerous studies have confirmed that zebrafish and mammals are similar in their physiology, development, metabolism and pathways, and that zebrafish responses to toxic substances are highly predictive of mammalian responses. Developmental and reproductive toxicity assessments are an important part of new drug safety profiling. A significant number of drug candidates have failed in preclinical tests due to their adverse effect on development and reproductivity. Compared to conventional mammal testing, zebrafish testing for assessing developmental and reproductive toxicity offers several compelling experimental advantages, including transparency of embryo and larva, higher throughput, shorter test period, lower cost, smaller amount of compound required, easier manipulation and direct compound delivery. Toxicity and safety assessments using zebrafish have also been accepted by the FDA and EMEA for investigative new drug (IND) approval.
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339
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Steinlein OK. Animal models for autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy: on the origin of seizures. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 10:1859-67. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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340
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Abstract
Mutations in the LGI1 gene predispose to autosomal dominant lateral temporal lobe epilepsy, a rare hereditary form with incomplete penetrance and associated with acoustic auras. LGI1 is not a structural component of an ion channel like most epilepsy-related genes, but is a secreted protein. Mutant null mice exhibit early-onset seizures, and electrophysiological analysis shows abnormal synaptic transmission. LGI1 binds to ADAM23 on the presynaptic membrane and ADAM22 on the postsynaptic membrane, further implicating it in regulating the strength of synaptic transmission. Patients with limbic encephalitis show autoantibodies against LGI1 and develop seizures, supporting a role for LGI1 in synapse transmission in the post developmental brain. LGI1, however, also seems to be involved in aspects of neurite development and dendritic pruning, suggesting an additional role in corticogenesis. LGI1 is also involved in cell movement and suppression of dendritic outgrowth in in vitro systems, possibly involving actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Expression patterns in embryonic development correspond to areas of neuronal migration. Loss of LGI1 expression also impacts on myelination of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In zebrafish embryos, knockdown of lgi1a leads to a seizure-like behavior and abnormal brain development, providing a system to study its role in early embryogenesis. Despite being implicated in a role in both synapse transmission and neuronal development, how LGI1 predisposes to epilepsy is still largely unknown. It appears, however, that LGI1 may function differently in a cell context-specific manner, implying a complex involvement in brain development and function that remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Cowell
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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341
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Baraban SC, Löscher W. What new modeling approaches will help us identify promising drug treatments? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 813:283-94. [PMID: 25012385 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of numerous novel antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in recent years, several unmet clinical needs remain, including resistance to AEDs in about 30 % of patients with epilepsy, adverse effects of AEDs that can reduce quality of life, and the lack of treatments that can prevent development of epilepsy in patients at risk. Animal models of seizures and epilepsy have been instrumental in the discovery and preclinical development of novel AEDs, but obviously the previously used models have failed to identify drugs that address unmet medical needs. Thus, we urgently need fresh ideas for improving preclinical AED development. In this review, a number of promising models will be described, including the use of simple vertebrates such as zebrafish (Danio rerio), large animal models such as the dog and newly characterized rodent models of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. While these strategies, like any animal model approach also have their limitations, they offer hope that new more effective AEDs will be identified in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Baraban
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA,
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342
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Orellana-Paucar AM, Afrikanova T, Thomas J, Aibuldinov YK, Dehaen W, de Witte PAM, Esguerra CV. Insights from zebrafish and mouse models on the activity and safety of ar-turmerone as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of epilepsy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81634. [PMID: 24349101 PMCID: PMC3862488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we uncovered the anticonvulsant properties of turmeric oil and its sesquiterpenoids (ar-turmerone, α-, β-turmerone and α-atlantone) in both zebrafish and mouse models of chemically-induced seizures using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). In this follow-up study, we aimed at evaluating the anticonvulsant activity of ar-turmerone further. A more in-depth anticonvulsant evaluation of ar-turmerone was therefore carried out in the i.v. PTZ and 6-Hz mouse models. The potential toxic effects of ar-turmerone were evaluated using the beam walking test to assess mouse motor function and balance. In addition, determination of the concentration-time profile of ar-turmerone was carried out for a more extended evaluation of its bioavailability in the mouse brain. Ar-turmerone displayed anticonvulsant properties in both acute seizure models in mice and modulated the expression patterns of two seizure-related genes (c-fos and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [bdnf]) in zebrafish. Importantly, no effects on motor function and balance were observed in mice after treatment with ar-turmerone even after administering a dose 500-fold higher than the effective dose in the 6-Hz model. In addition, quantification of its concentration in mouse brains revealed rapid absorption after i.p. administration, capacity to cross the BBB and long-term brain residence. Hence, our results provide additional information on the anticonvulsant properties of ar-turmerone and support further evaluation towards elucidating its mechanism of action, bioavailability, toxicity and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Monserrath Orellana-Paucar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Escuela de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Tatiana Afrikanova
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joice Thomas
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yelaman K. Aibuldinov
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Laboratory for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila V. Esguerra
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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343
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Rahn JJ, Bestman JE, Josey BJ, Inks ES, Stackley KD, Rogers CE, Chou CJ, Chan SSL. Novel Vitamin K analogs suppress seizures in zebrafish and mouse models of epilepsy. Neuroscience 2013; 259:142-54. [PMID: 24291671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a debilitating disease affecting 1-2% of the world's population. Despite this high prevalence, 30% of patients suffering from epilepsy are not successfully managed by current medication suggesting a critical need for new anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). In an effort to discover new therapeutics for the management of epilepsy, we began our study by screening drugs that, like some currently used AEDs, inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) using a well-established larval zebrafish model. In this model, 7-day post fertilization (dpf) larvae are treated with the widely used seizure-inducing compound pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) which stimulates a rapid increase in swimming behavior previously determined to be a measurable manifestation of seizures. In our first screen, we tested a number of different HDAC inhibitors and found that one, 2-benzamido-1 4-naphthoquinone (NQN1), significantly decreased swim activity to levels equal to that of valproic acid, 2-n-propylpentanoic acid (VPA). We continued to screen structurally related compounds including Vitamin K3 (VK3) and a number of novel Vitamin K (VK) analogs. We found that VK3 was a robust inhibitor of the PTZ-induced swim activity, as were several of our novel compounds. Three of these compounds were subsequently tested on mouse seizure models at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Anticonvulsant Screening Program. Compound 2h reduced seizures particularly well in the minimal clonic seizure (6Hz) and corneal-kindled mouse models of epilepsy, with no observable toxicity. As VK3 affects mitochondrial function, we tested the effects of our compounds on mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in a mouse hippocampal cell line. We demonstrate that these compounds affect ATP metabolism and increase total cellular ATP. Our data indicate the potential utility of these and other VK analogs for the prevention of seizures and suggest the potential mechanism for this protection may lie in the ability of these compounds to affect energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rahn
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - J E Bestman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - B J Josey
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - E S Inks
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - K D Stackley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - C E Rogers
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - C J Chou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - S S L Chan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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344
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Gupta R, Sharma KK, Afzal M, Damanhouri ZA, Ali B, Kaur R, Kazmi I, Anwar F. Anticonvulsant activity of ethanol extracts of Vetiveria zizanioides roots in experimental mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1521-1524. [PMID: 23863081 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.799710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. (Gramineae), an aromatic plant commonly known as vetiver, is traditionally used for various ailments. Ethanol and aqueous extract of this plant found extensive use in Indian folklore medicine and used in treatment of a wide range of disorders including seizure. However, the anticonvulsant activity of this plant has not been studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate anticonvulsant activity of ethanol extract of V. zizanioides (EEVZ) in experimental mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anticonvulsant activity of EEVZ was determined by maximal electroshock stimulation (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice for 8 d experimental protocol. The extract at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administered once by oral route. RESULTS LD50 value of EEVZ in mice was found at a dose of 600 mg/kg body weight. EEVZ at a dose of 400 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.001) reduced flexion (l5.98 to 3.73 s), extension (13.73 to 0.96 s), clonus (14.07 to 4.93 s), stupor (6.29 to 1.22 s) in the MES model. Further, it increases onset of clonic (88.25 to 708.32 s/30 min) and tonic (139.52 to 1126.39 s/30 min) in the PTZ model. In the PTZ model, 33% normal control and 83% EEVZ (100 mg/kg) animals were alive, while 100% protection was achieved in standard drug phenobarbital (20 mg/kg), EEVZ (200 mg/kg) and EEVZ (400 mg/kg) animals. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings demonstrate that V. zizanioides shows significant anticonvulsant activity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh , India
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345
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Buenafe OE, Orellana-Paucar A, Maes J, Huang H, Ying X, De Borggraeve W, Crawford AD, Luyten W, Esguerra CV, de Witte P. Tanshinone IIA exhibits anticonvulsant activity in zebrafish and mouse seizure models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1479-87. [PMID: 23937066 DOI: 10.1021/cn400140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshen or Chinese red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza, Bunge) is used by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners to treat neurological, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disorders and is included in some TCM formulations to control epileptic seizures. In this study, acetonic crude extracts of danshen inhibited pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure activity in zebrafish larvae. Subsequent zebrafish bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of four major tanshinones, which suppressed PTZ-induced activity to varying degrees. One of the active tanshinones, tanshinone IIA, also reduced c-fos expression in the brains of PTZ-exposed zebrafish larvae. In rodent seizure models, tanshinone IIA showed anticonvulsive activity in the mouse 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test in a biphasic manner and modified seizure thresholds in a complex manner for the mouse i.v. PTZ seizure assay. Interestingly, tanshinone IIA is used as a prescription drug in China to address cerebral ischemia in patients. Here, we provide the first in vivo evidence demonstrating that tanshinone IIA has anticonvulsant properties as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Erin Buenafe
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adriana Orellana-Paucar
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Facultad
de Ciencias Quimicas, Escuela de Bioquimica y Farmacia, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 101168, Ecuador
| | - Jan Maes
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hao Huang
- College
of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xuhui Ying
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Analysis
Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wim De Borggraeve
- Molecular
Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander D. Crawford
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department
of Biology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camila V. Esguerra
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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346
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Johnston L, Ball RE, Acuff S, Gaudet J, Sornborger A, Lauderdale JD. Electrophysiological recording in the brain of intact adult zebrafish. J Vis Exp 2013:e51065. [PMID: 24300281 DOI: 10.3791/51065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, electrophysiological studies in adult zebrafish have been limited to slice preparations or to eye cup preparations and electrorentinogram recordings. This paper describes how an adult zebrafish can be immobilized, intubated, and used for in vivo electrophysiological experiments, allowing recording of neural activity. Immobilization of the adult requires a mechanism to deliver dissolved oxygen to the gills in lieu of buccal and opercular movement. With our technique, animals are immobilized and perfused with habitat water to fulfill this requirement. A craniotomy is performed under tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; tricaine) anesthesia to provide access to the brain. The primary electrode is then positioned within the craniotomy window to record extracellular brain activity. Through the use of a multitube perfusion system, a variety of pharmacological compounds can be administered to the adult fish and any alterations in the neural activity can be observed. The methodology not only allows for observations to be made regarding changes in neurological activity, but it also allows for comparisons to be made between larval and adult zebrafish. This gives researchers the ability to identify the alterations in neurological activity due to the introduction of various compounds at different life stages.
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347
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Zdebik AA, Mahmood F, Stanescu HC, Kleta R, Bockenhauer D, Russell C. Epilepsy in kcnj10 morphant zebrafish assessed with a novel method for long-term EEG recordings. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79765. [PMID: 24244558 PMCID: PMC3828195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop and validate a reliable method for stable long-term recordings of EEG activity in zebrafish, which is less prone to artifacts than current invasive techniques. EEG activity was recorded with a blunt electrolyte-filled glass pipette placed on the zebrafish head mimicking surface EEG technology in man. In addition, paralysis of agarose-embedded fish using D-tubocurarine excluded movement artifacts associated with epileptic activity. This non-invasive recording technique allowed recordings for up to one hour and produced less artifacts than impaling the zebrafish optic tectum with a patch pipette. Paralyzed fish survived, and normal heartbeat could be monitored for over 1h. Our technique allowed the demonstration of specific epileptic activity in kcnj10a morphant fish (a model for EAST syndrome) closely resembling epileptic activity induced by pentylenetetrazol. This new method documented that seizures in the zebrafish EAST model were ameliorated by pentobarbitone, but not diazepam, validating its usefulness. In conclusion, non-invasive recordings in paralyzed EAST syndrome zebrafish proved stable, reliable and robust, showing qualitatively similar frequency spectra to those obtained from pentylenetetrazol-treated fish. This technique may prove particularly useful in zebrafish epilepsy models that show infrequent or conditional seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm A. Zdebik
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Fahad Mahmood
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Horia C. Stanescu
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kleta
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Russell
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
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348
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Chang P, Walker MC, Williams RSB. Seizure-induced reduction in PIP3 levels contributes to seizure-activity and is rescued by valproic acid. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:296-306. [PMID: 24148856 PMCID: PMC3898270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (3–5) trisphosphate (PIP3) is a central regulator of diverse neuronal functions that are critical for seizure progression, however its role in seizures is unclear. We have recently hypothesised that valproic acid (VPA), one of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy, may target PIP3 signalling as a therapeutic mode of action. Here, we show that seizure induction using kainic acid in a rat in vivo epilepsy model resulted in a decrease in hippocampal PIP3 levels and reduced protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) phosphorylation, measured using ELISA mass assays and Western blot analysis, and both changes were restored following VPA treatment. These finding were reproduced in cultured rat hippocampal primary neurons and entorhinal cortex–hippocampal slices during exposure to the GABA(A) receptor antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), which is widely used to generate seizures and seizure-like (paroxysmal) activity. Moreover, VPA's effect on paroxysmal activity in the PTZ slice model is blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition or PIP2 sequestration by neomycin, indicating that VPA's efficacy is dependent upon PIP3 signalling. PIP3 depletion following PTZ treatment may also provide a positive feedback loop, since enhancing PIP3 depletion increases, and conversely, reducing PIP3 dephosphorylation reduces paroxysmal activity and this effect is dependent upon AMPA receptor activation. Our results therefore indicate that PIP3 depletion occurs with seizure activity, and that VPA functions to reverse these effects, providing a novel mechanism for VPA in epilepsy treatment. In vivo seizure induction (using kainic acid) reduces hippocampal PIP3 levels. In vivo seizure induction (using kainic acid) reduces hippocampal phospho-PKB levels. Valproic acid protects against these reductions under seizure conditions only. Similar regulation is seen with PTZ-induced in vitro seizure activity. Seizure-induced PIP3 reduction causes a feedback activation of seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pishan Chang
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Matthew C Walker
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
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349
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Nishimura Y, Yata K, Nomoto T, Ogiwara T, Watanabe K, Shintou T, Tsuboyama A, Okano M, Umemoto N, Zhang Z, Kawabata M, Zhang B, Kuroyanagi J, Shimada Y, Miyazaki T, Imamura T, Tomimoto H, Tanaka T. Identification of a novel indoline derivative for in vivo fluorescent imaging of blood-brain barrier disruption in animal models. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:1183-93. [PMID: 23668665 PMCID: PMC3750685 DOI: 10.1021/cn400010t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can occur in various pathophysiological conditions. Administration of extraneous tracers that can pass the disrupted, but not the intact, BBB and detection of the extravasation have been widely used to assess BBB disruption in animal models. Although several fluorescent tracers have been successfully used, the administration of these tracers basically requires intravascular injection, which can be laborious when using small animals such as zebrafish. To identify fluorescent tracers that could be easily administered into various animal models and visualize the BBB disruption in vivo, we prepared nine structurally related indoline derivatives (IDs) as a minimum set of diverse fluorescent compounds. We found that one ID, ZMB741, had the highest affinity for serum albumin and emitted the strongest fluorescence in the presence of serum albumin of the nine IDs tested. The affinity to serum albumin and the fluorescence intensity was superior to those of Evans blue and indocyanine green that have been conventionally used to assess the BBB disruption. We showed that ZMB741 could be administered into zebrafish by static immersion or mice by intraperitoneal injection and visualizes the active disruption of their BBB. These results suggest that ZMB741 can be a convenient and versatile tool for in vivo fluorescent imaging of BBB disruption in various animal models. The strategy used in this study can also be applied to diversity-oriented libraries to identify novel fluorescent tracers that may be superior to ZMB741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu,
Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology
Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yata
- Department
of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nomoto
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ogiwara
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Shintou
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuboyama
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Mie Okano
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Zi Zhang
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Miko Kawabata
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroyanagi
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu,
Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology
Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyazaki
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Corporate R&D Headquarters, Canon Inc., Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department
of Neurology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular
and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Tsu,
Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department
of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology
Innovation Institute, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Mie
514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Brain Science and Animal Model Research Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Braga MM, Rosemberg DB, de Oliveira DL, Loss CM, Córdova SD, Rico EP, Silva ES, Dias RD, Souza DO, Calcagnotto ME. Topographical analysis of reactive zinc in the central nervous system of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2013; 10:376-88. [PMID: 23829199 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive zinc (Zn) is crucial for neuronal signaling and is largely distributed within presynaptic vesicles of some axon terminals of distinct vertebrates. However, the distribution of reactive Zn throughout the central nervous system (CNS) is not fully explored. We performed a topographical study of CNS structures containing reactive Zn in the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Slices of CNS from zebrafish were stained by Neo-Timm and/or cresyl violet. The Zn specificity of Neo-Timm was evaluated with Zn chelants, N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC), Zn sulfide washing solution, and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Unfixed slices were also immersed in the fluorescent Zn probe (zinpyr-1). Yellow-to-brown-to-black granules were revealed by Neo-Timm in the zebrafish CNS. Telencephalon exhibited slightly stained regions, while rhombencephalic structures showed high levels of staining. Although stained granules were found on the cell bodies, rhombencephalic structures showed a neuropil staining profile. The TPEN produced a mild reduction in Neo-Timm staining, while HCl and mainly DEDTC abolished the staining, indicating a large Zn content. This result was also confirmed by the application of a Zn probe. The present topographical study revealed reactive Zn throughout the CNS in adult zebrafish that should be considered in future investigation of Zn in the brain on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos M Braga
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre, Brazil .
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