301
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Wu J, Yan X, Jin G. Ulinastatin protects rats from sepsis-induced acute lung injury by suppressing the JAK-STAT3 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2554-2559. [PMID: 30242880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is usually accompanied by pulmonary inflammations, leading to acute lung injury. During this process, endogenous factors that play a regulatory role could be exploited to therapeutically alleviate such lethal tissue injury. Here, we showed that ulinastatin (UTI) administration could reduce lung tissue necrosis and swelling during sepsis in rats. UTI treatment also decreased the levels of inflammatory mediators both in the lung and in the serum. Mechanistically, we showed that the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the lung of UTI-treated rats were lower than control rats and were correlated with the decreased levels of inflammatory mediators. Taken together, these results demonstrate the protective role of UTI in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Medical Laboratory Center of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guoqiang Jin
- Department of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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302
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Gadina M, Le MT, Schwartz DM, Silvennoinen O, Nakayamada S, Yamaoka K, O’Shea JJ. Janus kinases to jakinibs: from basic insights to clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:i4-i16. [PMID: 30806710 PMCID: PMC6657570 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators of diverse immune and inflammatory diseases. Targeting cytokines and cytokine receptors with biologics has revolutionized the treatment of many of these diseases, but targeting intracellular signalling with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (jakinibs) now represents a major new therapeutic advance. We are still in the first decade since these drugs were approved and there is still much to be learned about the mechanisms of action of these drugs and the practical use of these agents. Herein we will review cytokines that do, and just as importantly, do not signal by JAKs, as well as explain how this relates to both efficacy and side effects in various diseases. We will review new, next-generation selective jakinibs, as well as the prospects and challenges ahead in targeting JAKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mimi T Le
- Translational Immunology Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olli Silvennoinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Fimlab Laboratories University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Yamaoka
- Department of Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Kitasato University, School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - John J O’Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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303
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Fukuda T, Naganuma M, Kanai T. Current new challenges in the management of ulcerative colitis. Intest Res 2019; 17:36-44. [PMID: 30678445 PMCID: PMC6361009 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the cause of UC is postulated to be multifactorial in nature, including genetic predisposition, epithelial barrier defects, dysregulation of immune responses, and environmental factors, the specific pathogenesis of UC is still incompletely understood. In the treatment of UC so far, a method of suppressing immunity and treating it has been mainstream. Immunosuppressant drugs, including thiopurines (azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) antibody (infliximab and adalimumab), and calcineurin inhibitor, can be used in treat patients with corticosteroid-dependent and/or corticosteroid-refractory moderate-to-severe UC. Recently, in addition to such a conventional therapeutic agent, golimumab, which is the first transgenic human monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody to be fabricated, anti α-4/β-7 integrin antibody, and Janus kinase inhibitor have been reported to novel immunosuppressant therapy. Furthermore, other treatments with unique mechanisms different from immunosuppression, have also been suggested, including fecal microbiota transplantation and Indigo naturalis, which is a Chinese herbal medicine. We compared the features and efficacy of these new treatments. In this issue, the features and treatment options for these new treatments is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fukuda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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304
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He X, Chen X, Zhang H, Xie T, Ye XY. Selective Tyk2 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents: a patent review (2015-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:137-149. [PMID: 30621465 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1567713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) is a non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase, an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TYK2 gene. Tyk2, together with three other family subtypes, namely, Jak1, Jak2, and Jak3, belong to the JAK family. Before 2014, far more publications and patents appeared in public domain attributing to the development of selective Jak2 and Jak3 inhibitors than those for selective Tyk2 and Jak1 inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This review sought to give an overview of patents related to small molecule selective Tyk2 inhibitors published from 2015 to 2018. The article also covers clinical activities of small molecule selective Tyk2 inhibitors in recent years. EXPERT OPINION As a key component of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Tyk2 regulates INFα, IL12, and IL23. Selective inhibition of Tyk2 can provide pharmacological benefits in the treatment of many diseases such as psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, and diabetes. The selectivity against other Jak family subtypes (such as Jak2) is crucial in order to minimize the potential side effects and to maximize the desired pharmacological effects. In this context, this review of recent selective Tyk2 inhibitor patents may prove valid, interesting, and promising within the therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrui He
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiabin Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Hancheng Zhang
- d Drug Discovery , Hangzhou Innogate Pharma Co., Ltd , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Tian Xie
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- a Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,b Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China.,c Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes (HIPI), School of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
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305
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Shi L, Zhong Z, Li X, Zhou Y, Pan Z. Discovery of an Orally Available Janus Kinase 3 Selective Covalent Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1054-1066. [PMID: 30615446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
JAK family kinases are important mediators of immune cell signaling and Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) has long been indicated as a potential target for autoimmune disorders. Intensive efforts to develop highly selective JAK3 inhibitors have been underway for many years. However, because of JAK3's strong binding preference to adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), a number of inhibitors exhibit large gaps between enzymatic and cellular potency, which hampers efforts to dissect the roles of JAK3 in cellular settings. Using a targeted covalent inhibitor approach, we discovered compound 32, which overcame ATP competition (1 mM) in the enzymatic assay, and demonstrated significantly improved inhibitory activity for JAK3-dependent signaling in mouse CTLL-2 and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Compound 32 also exhibited high selectivity within the JAK family and good pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, it may serve as a highly valuable tool molecule to study the overlapping roles of JAK family kinases in complex biological settings. Our study also suggested that for covalent kinase inhibitors, especially those targeting kinases with low Km ATP values, the reversible interactions between molecules and proteins should be carefully optimized to improve the overall potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yiqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhengying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Engineering Laboratory for Chiral Drug Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School , Peking University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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306
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Understanding the structural features of JAK2 inhibitors: a combined 3D-QSAR, DFT and molecular dynamics study. Mol Divers 2019; 23:845-874. [PMID: 30617940 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-09913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 plays a critical role in JAK/STAT signaling pathway and in patho-mechanism of myeloproliferative disorders and autoimmune diseases. Thus, effective JAK2 inhibitors provide a promising opportunity for the pharmaceutical intervention of many diseases. In this work, 3D-QSAR study was performed on a series of 1-amino-5H-pyrido-indole-4-carboxamide derivatives as JAK2 inhibitors to obtain reliable comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity analysis (CoMSIA) models with three different alignment methods. Among the different alignment methods, ligand-based (CoMFA: q2 = 0.676, r2 = 0.979; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.700, r2 = 0.953) and pharmacophore-based alignment (CoMFA: q2 = 0.710, r2 = 0.982; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.686, r2 = 0.960) has produced better statistical results when compared to receptor-based alignment (CoMFA: q2 = 0.507, r2 = 0.979; CoMSIA: q2 = 0.544, r2 = 0.917). Statistical parameters indicated that data are well fitted and have high predictive ability. The presence of electrostatic and hydrophobic field is highly desirable for potent inhibitory activity, and the steric field plays a minor role in modulating the activity. The contour analysis indicates ARG980, ASN981, ASP939 and LEU937 have more possibility of interacting with bulky, hydrophobic groups in pyrido and positive and negative groups in pyrazole ring. Based on our findings, we have designed sixteen molecules and predicted its activity and drug-like properties. Subsequently, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and DFT calculations were performed to evaluate its potency.
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307
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Mok CC. The Jakinibs in systemic lupus erythematosus: progress and prospects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:85-92. [PMID: 30462559 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1551358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR China
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308
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Dellafiora L, Galaverna G, Cruciani G, Dall'Asta C, Bruni R. On the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hypericin: An In Silico Study Pointing to the Relevance of Janus Kinases Inhibition. Molecules 2018; 23:E3058. [PMID: 30467287 PMCID: PMC6321526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) flowers are commonly used in ethnomedical preparations with promising outcomes to treat inflammation both per os and by topical application. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms need to be described toward a rational, evidence-based, and reproducible use. For this purpose, the aptitude of the prominent Hypericum metabolite hypericin was assessed, along with that of its main congeners, to behave as an inhibitor of janus kinase 1, a relevant enzyme in inflammatory response. It was used a molecular modeling approach relying on docking simulations, pharmacophoric modeling, and molecular dynamics to estimate the capability of molecules to interact and persist within the enzyme pocket. Our results highlighted the capability of hypericin, and some of its analogues and metabolites, to behave as ATP-competitive inhibitor providing: (i) a likely mechanistic elucidation of anti-inflammatory activity of H. perforatum extracts containing hypericin and related compounds; and (ii) a rational-based prioritization of H. perforatum components to further characterize their actual effectiveness as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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309
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Elsayed MSA, Nielsen JJ, Park S, Park J, Liu Q, Kim CH, Pommier Y, Agama K, Low PS, Cushman M. Application of Sequential Palladium Catalysis for the Discovery of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Benzo[ c]pyrrolo[2,3- h][1,6]naphthyridin-5-one (BPN) Series. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10440-10462. [PMID: 30460842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present account describes the discovery and development of a new benzo[ c]pyrrolo[2,3- h][1,6]naphthyridin-5-one (BPN) JAK inhibitory chemotype that has produced selective JAK inhibitors. Sequential palladium chemistry was optimized for the rapid access to a focused library of derivatives to explore the structure-activity relationships of the new scaffold. Several compounds from the series displayed potencies in the low nanomolar range against the four members of the JAK family with various selectivity profiles. Compound 20a, with an azetidine amide side chain, showed the best selectivity for JAK1 kinase vs JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2, with low nanomolar potency (IC50 = 3.4 nM). On the other hand, BPNs 17b and 18 had good general activity against the JAK family with excellent kinome selectivity profiles. Many of the new BPNs inhibited JAK3-mediated STAT-5 phosphorylation, the production of inflammatory cytokines, and the proliferation of primary T cells. Moreover, BPN 17b showed very similar in vivo results to tofacitinib in a rheumatoid arthritis animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S A Elsayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Jeffery J Nielsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Sungtae Park
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Philip S Low
- The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,The Purdue Center for Cancer Research , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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310
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Casimiro-Garcia A, Trujillo JI, Vajdos F, Juba B, Banker ME, Aulabaugh A, Balbo P, Bauman J, Chrencik J, Coe JW, Czerwinski R, Dowty M, Knafels JD, Kwon S, Leung L, Liang S, Robinson RP, Telliez JB, Unwalla R, Yang X, Thorarensen A. Identification of Cyanamide-Based Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Covalent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10665-10699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Felix Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann Aulabaugh
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Bauman
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jotham W. Coe
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Martin Dowty
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - John D. Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Louis Leung
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sidney Liang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ralph P. Robinson
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | - Xin Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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311
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given the recent increase in the profile and use of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) in adult patients with rheumatic diseases, we aimed to review the current evidence accruing for use in paediatric rheumatology patients. RECENT FINDINGS Significant advances have been made in the management of rheumatic diseases in the past two decades. The introduction of biologic agents in both adults and children has provided significant improvements to patient outcomes and led to better quality of life. Moreover, responses to similar agents allude to common effector pathways operating across juvenile and adult synovitis especially. However, inefficacy and intolerance of these agents leads to a subset of children with limited treatment options. Since 2012, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKinibs), a novel group of oral small molecule inhibitors, have demonstrated their efficacy in several forms of adult inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). There are hopes that these successes will be transferable to the paediatric population. In the following review, we discuss the development and progress of JAKinibs in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Kerrigan
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UG12 8TA UK
| | - I. B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UG12 8TA UK
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312
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Tanaka Y, McInnes IB, Taylor PC, Byers NL, Chen L, de Bono S, Issa M, Macias WL, Rogai V, Rooney TP, Schlichting DE, Zuckerman SH, Emery P. Characterization and Changes of Lymphocyte Subsets in Baricitinib-Treated Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Integrated Analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1923-1932. [PMID: 30058112 PMCID: PMC6587754 DOI: 10.1002/art.40680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Baricitinib is an orally administered inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2 that has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to analyze changes in lymphocyte cell subsets during baricitinib treatment and to correlate these changes with clinical outcomes. METHODS An integrated analysis was conducted by pooling data from 3 completed phase III trials comparing placebo with baricitinib treatment (RA-BEAM, RA-BUILD, and RA-BEACON) and 1 ongoing long-term extension study (RA-BEYOND) in patients with active RA (n = 2,186). RESULTS Baricitinib treatment was associated with an early transient increase in total lymphocyte count at week 4, which returned to baseline by week 12. Transient changes within normal reference ranges in T cells and subsets were observed with baricitinib treatment, up to week 104. B cells and relevant subpopulations increased after 4 weeks of baricitinib treatment, with no further increases noted through 104 weeks of treatment. Natural killer (NK) cells temporarily increased after 4 weeks of baricitinib treatment, before decreasing below baseline levels and then stabilizing over time. With baricitinib treatment, few correlations were observed between changes in lymphocyte subsets and clinical end points, and most correlations were also observed within the placebo group. A modest potential association between low NK cell numbers and treatment-emergent infections was observed in the baricitinib 4 mg/day treatment group, but not for serious infections or herpes zoster. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings demonstrate that changes in lymphocyte subsets were largely within normal reference ranges across the baricitinib phase III RA clinical program and were not associated with increased risk of serious infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | - Peter C Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lei Chen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Maher Issa
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Emery
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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313
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Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent EGFRWT and EGFRT790M inhibitors and apoptosis inducers. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:375-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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314
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Hamaguchi H, Amano Y, Moritomo A, Shirakami S, Nakajima Y, Nakai K, Nomura N, Ito M, Higashi Y, Inoue T. Discovery and structural characterization of peficitinib (ASP015K) as a novel and potent JAK inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4971-4983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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315
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Winthrop KL, Melmed GY, Vermeire S, Long MD, Chan G, Pedersen RD, Lawendy N, Thorpe AJ, Nduaka CI, Su C. Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Receiving Tofacitinib. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:2258-2265. [PMID: 29850873 PMCID: PMC6140434 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor that is being investigated for ulcerative colitis (UC). Tofacitinib is approved for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, where it has been shown to increase herpes zoster (HZ) risk. We evaluated HZ risk among UC patients using tofacitinib. METHODS HZ cases were identified in tofacitinib phase II/III/ongoing, open-label, long-term extension (OLE) UC trials. We calculated HZ incidence rates (IRs) per 100 patient-years of tofacitinib exposure within phase III maintenance (Maintenance Cohort) and phase II/III/OLE (Overall Cohort) studies, stratified by baseline demographics and other factors. HZ risk factors were evaluated in the Overall Cohort using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Overall, 65 (5.6%) patients developed HZ. Eleven patients had multidermatomal involvement (2 nonadjacent or 3-6 adjacent dermatomes), and 1 developed encephalitis (resolved upon standard treatment). Five (7.7%) events led to treatment discontinuation. HZ IR (95% confidence interval [CI]) in the Overall Cohort was 4.07 (3.14-5.19) over a mean (range) of 509.1 (1-1606) days, with no increased risk observed with increasing tofacitinib exposure. IRs (95% CI) were highest in patients age ≥65 years, 9.55 (4.77-17.08); Asian patients, 6.49 (3.55-10.89); patients with prior tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) failure, 5.38 (3.86-7.29); and patients using tofacitinib 10 mg twice daily, 4.25 (3.18-5.56). Multivariate analysis identified older age and prior TNFi failure as independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS In tofacitinib-treated UC patients, there was an elevated risk of HZ, although complicated HZ was infrequent. Increased HZ rates occurred in patients who were older, Asian, or had prior TNFi failure (NCT00787202, NCT01465763, NCT01458951, NCT01458574, NCT01470612).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Winthrop
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,Address correspondence to: Kevin L. Winthrop, MD, MPH, CEI/OHSU, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 ()
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Millie D Long
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Chinyu Su
- Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, Pennsylvania
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316
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Fensome A, Ambler CM, Arnold E, Banker ME, Brown MF, Chrencik J, Clark JD, Dowty ME, Efremov IV, Flick A, Gerstenberger BS, Gopalsamy A, Hayward MM, Hegen M, Hollingshead BD, Jussif J, Knafels JD, Limburg DC, Lin D, Lin TH, Pierce BS, Saiah E, Sharma R, Symanowicz PT, Telliez JB, Trujillo JI, Vajdos FF, Vincent F, Wan ZK, Xing L, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L. Dual Inhibition of TYK2 and JAK1 for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Discovery of (( S)-2,2-Difluorocyclopropyl)((1 R,5 S)-3-(2-((1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)methanone (PF-06700841). J Med Chem 2018; 61:8597-8612. [PMID: 30113844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine signaling is an important characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Many pro-inflammatory cytokines signal through the Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. JAK1 is important for the γ-common chain cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6, and type-I interferon (IFN) family, while TYK2 in addition to type-I IFN signaling also plays a role in IL-23 and IL-12 signaling. Intervention with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or JAK1 inhibitors has demonstrated efficacy in Phase III psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis studies, leading to multiple drug approvals. We hypothesized that a dual JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor will provide additional efficacy, while managing risk by optimizing selectivity against JAK2 driven hematopoietic changes. Our program began with a conformationally constrained piperazinyl-pyrimidine Type 1 ATP site inhibitor, subsequent work led to the discovery of PF-06700841 (compound 23), which is in Phase II clinical development (NCT02969018, NCT02958865, NCT03395184, and NCT02974868).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Fensome
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Catherine M Ambler
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eric Arnold
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew F Brown
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James D Clark
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Martin E Dowty
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Andrew Flick
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Brian S Gerstenberger
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ariamala Gopalsamy
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Matthew M Hayward
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Brett D Hollingshead
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John D Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David C Limburg
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - David Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Tsung H Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Betsy S Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Eddine Saiah
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Peter T Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - John I Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Felix F Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Zhao-Kui Wan
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Li Xing
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Liying Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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317
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Efficacy and Safety of a Tofacitinib-based Immunosuppressive Regimen After Kidney Transplantation: Results From a Long-term Extension Trial. Transplant Direct 2018; 4:e380. [PMID: 30234149 PMCID: PMC6133407 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. This open-label, long-term extension (LTE) study (NCT00658359) evaluated long-term tofacitinib treatment in stable kidney transplant recipients (n = 178) posttransplant. Methods Patients who completed 12 months of cyclosporine (CsA) or tofacitinib treatment in the phase IIb parent study (NCT00483756) were enrolled into this LTE study, evaluating long-term tofacitinib treatment over months 12 to 72 posttransplant. Patients were analyzed by tofacitinib less-intensive (LI) or more-intensive (MI) regimens received in the parent study. For both groups, tofacitinib dose was reduced from 10 to 5 mg twice daily by 6 months into the LTE. Patients were followed up through month 72 posttransplant, with a focus on month 36 results. Results Tofacitinib demonstrated similar 36-month patient and graft survival rates to CsA. Biopsy-proven acute rejection rates at month 36 were 11.2% for CsA, versus 10.0% and 7.4% (both P > 0.05) for tofacitinib LI and MI, respectively. Least squares mean estimated glomerular filtration rates were 9 to 15 mL/min per 1.73 m2 higher for tofacitinib versus CsA at month 36. The proportions of patients with grade 2/3 interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in month 36 protocol biopsies were 20.0% for LI and 18.2% for MI (both P > 0.05) versus 33.3% for CsA. Kaplan-Meier cumulative serious infection rates at month 36 were numerically higher for tofacitinib LI (43.9%; P = 0.45) and significantly higher for MI (55.9%; P < 0.05) versus CsA (37.1%). Conclusions Long-term tofacitinib continued to be effective in preventing renal allograft acute rejection and preserving renal function. However, long-term tofacitinib and mycophenolic acid product combination was associated with persistent serious infection risk.
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318
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A natural compound derivative P-13 inhibits STAT3 signaling by covalently inhibiting Janus kinase 2. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:452-460. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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319
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Weisshof R, Golan MA, Yvellez OV, Rubin DT. The use of tofacitinib in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:837-849. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAK) play a major role in the immunologic pathways and specifically in signal transduction in inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, they can serve as a target for new therapeutic options. Tofacitinib is a novel, first-in-class, pan-Janus kinase inhibitor. It has been found to be effective and safe in the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis. In this review, we will describe the drug's mechanism of action as well as the clinical evidence for its effectiveness in treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Weisshof
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maya Aharoni Golan
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Olivia V Yvellez
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David T Rubin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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320
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Huang Y, Dong G, Li H, Liu N, Zhang W, Sheng C. Discovery of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Dual Inhibitors as a Novel Strategy for the Combinational Treatment of Leukemia and Invasive Fungal Infections. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6056-6074. [PMID: 29940115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, leukemia patients often suffer from the limited efficacy of chemotherapy and high risks of infection by invasive fungal pathogens. Herein, a novel therapeutic strategy was developed in which a small molecule can simultaneously treat leukemia and invasive fungal infections (IFIs). Novel Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual inhibitors were identified to possess potent anti-proliferative activity toward hematological cell lines and excellent synergistic effects with fluconazole to treat resistant Candida albicans infections. In particular, compound 20a, a highly active and selective JAK2/HDAC6 dual inhibitor, showed excellent in vivo antitumor efficacy in several acute myeloid leukemia (AML) models and synergized with fluconazole for the treatment of resistant C. albicans infections. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of JAK2/HDAC dual inhibitors in treating AML and IFIs and provides an efficient strategy for multitargeting drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Huang
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , 325 Guohe Road , Shanghai 200433 , PR China
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321
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Gadina M, Johnson C, Schwartz D, Bonelli M, Hasni S, Kanno Y, Changelian P, Laurence A, O'Shea JJ. Translational and clinical advances in JAK-STAT biology: The present and future of jakinibs. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:499-514. [PMID: 29999544 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ri0218-084r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this era, it is axiomatic that cytokines have critical roles in cellular development and differentiation, immune homeostasis, and host defense. Equally, dysregulation of cytokines is known to contribute to diverse inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders. In fact, the past 20 years have witnessed the rapid translation of basic discoveries in cytokine biology to multiple successful biological agents (mAbs and recombinant fusion proteins) that target cytokines. These targeted therapies have not only fundamentally changed the face of multiple immune-mediated diseases but have also unequivocally established the role of specific cytokines in human disease; cytokine biologists have many times over provided remarkable basic advances with direct clinical benefit. Numerous cytokines rely on the JAK-STAT pathway for signaling, and new, safe, and effective small molecule inhibitors have been developed for a range of disorders. In this review, we will briefly summarize basic discoveries in cytokine signaling and briefly comment on some major unresolved issues. We will review clinical data pertaining to the first generation of JAK inhibitors and their clinical indications, discuss additional opportunities for targeting this pathway, and lay out some of the challenges that lie ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Gadina
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catrina Johnson
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Schwartz
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Bonelli
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Changelian
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arian Laurence
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J O'Shea
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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322
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Ōmura S, Asami Y, Crump A. Staurosporine: new lease of life for parent compound of today's novel and highly successful anti-cancer drugs. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:688-701. [PMID: 29934602 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Staurosporine, together with such examples as penicillin, aspirin, ivermectin and sildenafil, exemplifies the role that serendipity has in drug discovery and why 'finding things without actually searching for them' retains a prominent role in drug discovery. Hitherto not clinically useful, due to its potency and promiscuity, new delivery technology is opening up new horizons for what was previously just the parent compound of innovative, highly-successful anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Asami
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andy Crump
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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323
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Forster M, Chaikuad A, Dimitrov T, Döring E, Holstein J, Berger BT, Gehringer M, Ghoreschi K, Müller S, Knapp S, Laufer SA. Development, Optimization, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Covalent-Reversible JAK3 Inhibitors Based on a Tricyclic Imidazo[5,4- d]pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine Scaffold. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5350-5366. [PMID: 29852068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases are major drivers of immune signaling and have been the focus of anti-inflammatory drug discovery for more than a decade. Because of the invariable colocalization of JAK1 and JAK3 at cytokine receptors, the question if selective JAK3 inhibition is sufficient to effectively block downstream signaling has been highly controversial. Recently, we discovered the covalent-reversible JAK3 inhibitor FM-381 (23) featuring high isoform and kinome selectivity. Crystallography revealed that this inhibitor induces an unprecedented binding pocket by interactions of a nitrile substituent with arginine residues in JAK3. Herein, we describe detailed structure-activity relationships necessary for induction of the arginine pocket and the impact of this structural change on potency, isoform selectivity, and efficacy in cellular models. Furthermore, we evaluated the stability of this novel inhibitor class in in vitro metabolic assays and were able to demonstrate an adequate stability of key compound 23 for in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany
| | - Teodor Dimitrov
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
| | - Eva Döring
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
| | - Julia Holstein
- Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Liebermeisterstr. 25 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology , University Medical Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Liebermeisterstr. 25 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany.,Structural Genomics Consortium , Johann Wolfgang Goethe University , Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15 , D-60438 Frankfurt am Main , DE , Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, DKTK , 60590 Site Frankfurt/Mainz , DE , Germany
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 8 , 72076 Tübingen , DE , Germany
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Betancourt BY, Biehl A, Katz JD, Subedi A. Pharmacotherapy Pearls in Rheumatology for the Care of Older Adult Patients: Focus on Oral Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and the Newest Small Molecule Inhibitors. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2018; 44:371-391. [PMID: 30001781 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Providing safe and effective pharmacotherapy to geriatric patients with rheumatologic disorders is challenging. Multidisciplinary care involving rheumatologists, primary care physicians, and other specialties can optimize benefit and reduce adverse outcomes. Oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, including methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and leflunomide, and the small molecule inhibitors tofacitinib and apremilast have distinctive monitoring requirements and specific adverse reaction profiles. This article provides clinically relevant pearls for use of these interventions in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas Y Betancourt
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ann Biehl
- Division of Pharmacovigilance, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, 10001 New Hampshire Avenue, Hillandale Building, 4th Floor Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - James D Katz
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, Maryland, USA
| | - Ananta Subedi
- National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, Maryland, USA
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325
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Bryan MC, Rajapaksa NS. Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Immunological Disorders: Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9030-9058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian C. Bryan
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Naomi S. Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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326
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Cabrera DG, Horatscheck A, Wilson CR, Basarab G, Eyermann CJ, Chibale K. Plasmodial Kinase Inhibitors: License to Cure? J Med Chem 2018; 61:8061-8077. [PMID: 29771541 PMCID: PMC6166223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Advances
in the genetics, function, and stage-specificity of Plasmodium kinases has driven robust efforts to identify
targets for the design of antimalarial therapies. Reverse genomics
following phenotypic screening against Plasmodia or
related parasites has uncovered vulnerable kinase targets including
PI4K, PKG, and GSK-3, an approach bolstered by access to human disease-directed
kinase libraries. Alternatively, screening compound libraries against Plasmodium kinases has successfully led to inhibitors with
antiplasmodial activity. As with other therapeutic areas, optimizing
compound ADMET and PK properties in parallel with target inhibitory
potency and whole cell activity becomes paramount toward advancing
compounds as clinical candidates. These and other considerations will
be discussed in the context of progress achieved toward deriving important,
novel mode-of-action kinase-inhibiting antimalarial medicines.
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327
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Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pivotal cytokine with a diverse repertoire of physiological functions that include regulation of immune cell proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulation of IL-6 signalling is associated with inflammatory and lymphoproliferative disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Castleman disease, and several classes of therapeutics have been developed that target components of the IL-6 signalling pathway. So far, monoclonal antibodies against IL-6 or IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and Janus kinases (JAK) inhibitors have been successfully developed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, clinical trials of agents targeting IL-6 signalling have also raised questions about the diseases and patient populations for which such agents have an appropriate benefit-risk profile. Knowledge from clinical trials and advances in our understanding of the complexities of IL-6 signalling, including the potential to target an IL-6 trans-signalling pathway, are now indicating novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In this Review, we overview the roles of IL-6 in health and disease and analyse progress with several approaches of inhibiting IL-6-signalling, with the aim of illuminating when and how to apply IL-6 blockade.
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328
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Yin Y, Chen CJ, Yu RN, Wang ZJ, Zhang TT, Zhang DY. Structure-based design and synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amino derivatives as Janus kinase 3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4774-4786. [PMID: 30139575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) regulate various inflammatory and immune responses and are targets for the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases. Here we report the discovery and optimization of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amino as covalent JAK3 inhibitors that exploit a unique cysteine (Cys909) residue in JAK3. Our optimization study gave compound 12a, which exhibited potent JAK3 inhibitory activity (IC50 of 6.2 nM) as well as excellent JAK kinase selectivity (>60-fold). In cellular assay, 12a exhibited potent immunomodulating effect on IL-2-stimulated T cell proliferation (IC50 of 9.4 μM). Further, compound 12a showed efficacy in delayed hypersensitivity assay. The data supports the further investigation of these compounds as novel JAKs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Cheng-Juan Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ru-Nan Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tian-Tai Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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329
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Hagberg N, Joelsson M, Leonard D, Reid S, Eloranta ML, Mo J, Nilsson MK, Syvänen AC, Bryceson YT, Rönnblom L. The STAT4 SLE risk allele rs7574865[T] is associated with increased IL-12-induced IFN-γ production in T cells from patients with SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1070-1077. [PMID: 29475858 PMCID: PMC6029643 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Genetic variants in the transcription factor STAT4 are associated with increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a more severe disease phenotype. This study aimed to clarify how the SLE-associated intronic STAT4 risk allele rs7574865[T] affects the function of immune cells in SLE. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 52 genotyped patients with SLE. Phosphorylation of STAT4 (pSTAT4) and STAT1 (pSTAT1) in response to interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ or interleukin (IL)-12, total levels of STAT4, STAT1 and T-bet, and frequency of IFN-γ+ cells on IL-12 stimulation were determined by flow cytometry in subsets of immune cells before and after preactivation of cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and IL-2. Cellular responses and phenotypes were correlated to STAT4 risk allele carriership. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) selective for TYK2 (TYK2i) or JAK2 (JAK2i) were evaluated for inhibition of IL-12 or IFN-γ-induced activation of SLE PBMCs. Results In resting PBMCs, the STAT4 risk allele was neither associated with total levels of STAT4 or STAT1, nor cytokine-induced pSTAT4 or pSTAT1. Following PHA/IL-2 activation, CD8+ T cells from STAT4 risk allele carriers displayed increased levels of STAT4 resulting in increased pSTAT4 in response to IL-12 and IFN-α, and an augmented IL-12-induced IFN-γ production in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The TYK2i and the JAK2i efficiently blocked IL-12 and IFN-γ-induced activation of PBMCs from STAT4 risk patients, respectively. Conclusions T cells from patients with SLE carrying the STAT4 risk allele rs7574865[T] display an augmented response to IL-12 and IFN-α. This subset of patients may benefit from JAKi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hagberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Joelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Reid
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Mo
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus K Nilsson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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330
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Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways in spondyloarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2018; 29:311-316. [PMID: 28394822 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cytokines are major drivers of autoimmunity, and biologic agents targeting cytokines have revolutionized the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway represents a group of several intracellular molecules with a key role in signal pathways activated by growth factors and cytokines. These kinase proteins are associated with the signaling process of multiple key cytokines, which regulates various T-cell subpopulations and their effector cytokines. Development of novel drugs to inhibit this kinase cascade is an emerging field in clinical immunology. Thus, it is essential to have insights about the regulatory role of the JAK-STAT cytokine signaling in relation to autoimmune diseases and its applications in spondyloarthritis. RECENT FINDINGS JAK-STAT kinase signaling proteins have been extensively studied in rheumatoid arthritis. Initial observations suggest that JAK-STAT kinase signaling cascade regulates activation and proliferation of the IL17 effector memory T cells and thus has a potential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. SUMMARY Here, we provide an overview of the clinical rheumatologists about the significance of JAK-STAT signaling system in rheumatic diseases and introduce the potential application of JAK and STAT inhibitors in spondyloarthritis.
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331
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Design, synthesis, and SAR study of highly potent, selective, irreversible covalent JAK3 inhibitors. Mol Divers 2018; 22:343-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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332
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Vazquez ML, Kaila N, Strohbach JW, Trzupek JD, Brown MF, Flanagan ME, Mitton-Fry MJ, Johnson TA, TenBrink RE, Arnold EP, Basak A, Heasley SE, Kwon S, Langille J, Parikh MD, Griffin SH, Casavant JM, Duclos BA, Fenwick AE, Harris TM, Han S, Caspers N, Dowty ME, Yang X, Banker ME, Hegen M, Symanowicz PT, Li L, Wang L, Lin TH, Jussif J, Clark JD, Telliez JB, Robinson RP, Unwalla R. Identification of N-{cis-3-[Methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]cyclobutyl}propane-1-sulfonamide (PF-04965842): A Selective JAK1 Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1130-1152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Vazquez
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Neelu Kaila
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph W. Strohbach
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark E. Flanagan
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Ruth E. TenBrink
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Inc, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Arindrajit Basak
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven E. Heasley
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan Langille
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihir D. Parikh
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah H. Griffin
- Chemical
Research Development, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Casavant
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian A. Duclos
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Ashley E. Fenwick
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Thomas M. Harris
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungil Han
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter T. Symanowicz
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li Li
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsung H. Lin
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James D. Clark
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ralph P. Robinson
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ray Unwalla
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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333
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Vainchenker W, Leroy E, Gilles L, Marty C, Plo I, Constantinescu SN. JAK inhibitors for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and other disorders. F1000Res 2018; 7:82. [PMID: 29399328 PMCID: PMC5773931 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13167.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK inhibitors have been developed following the discovery of the
JAK2V617F in 2005 as the driver mutation of the majority of non-
BCR-ABL1 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Subsequently, the search for JAK2 inhibitors continued with the discovery that the other driver mutations (
CALR and
MPL) also exhibited persistent JAK2 activation. Several type I ATP-competitive JAK inhibitors with different specificities were assessed in clinical trials and exhibited minimal hematologic toxicity. Interestingly, these JAK inhibitors display potent anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, JAK inhibitors targeting preferentially JAK1 and JAK3 have been developed to treat inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease. Ten years after the beginning of clinical trials, only two drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one JAK2/JAK1 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) in intermediate-2 and high-risk myelofibrosis and hydroxyurea-resistant or -intolerant polycythemia vera and one JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor (tofacitinib) in methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. The non-approved compounds exhibited many off-target effects leading to neurological and gastrointestinal toxicities, as seen in clinical trials for MPNs. Ruxolitinib is a well-tolerated drug with mostly anti-inflammatory properties. Despite a weak effect on the cause of the disease itself in MPNs, it improves the clinical state of patients and increases survival in myelofibrosis. This limited effect is related to the fact that ruxolitinib, like the other type I JAK2 inhibitors, inhibits equally mutated and wild-type JAK2 (JAK2WT) and also the JAK2 oncogenic activation. Thus, other approaches need to be developed and could be based on either (1) the development of new inhibitors specifically targeting
JAK2V617F or (2) the combination of the actual JAK2 inhibitors with other therapies, in particular with molecules targeting pathways downstream of JAK2 activation or the stability of JAK2 molecule. In contrast, the strong anti-inflammatory effects of the JAK inhibitors appear as a very promising therapeutic approach for many inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Leroy
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Hematology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Gilles
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Hematology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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334
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Angelbello AJ, Chen JL, Childs-Disney JL, Zhang P, Wang ZF, Disney MD. Using Genome Sequence to Enable the Design of Medicines and Chemical Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1599-1663. [PMID: 29322778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid progress in genome sequencing technology has put us firmly into a postgenomic era. A key challenge in biomedical research is harnessing genome sequence to fulfill the promise of personalized medicine. This Review describes how genome sequencing has enabled the identification of disease-causing biomolecules and how these data have been converted into chemical probes of function, preclinical lead modalities, and ultimately U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. In particular, we focus on the use of oligonucleotide-based modalities to target disease-causing RNAs; small molecules that target DNA, RNA, or protein; the rational repurposing of known therapeutic modalities; and the advantages of pharmacogenetics. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities in the direct utilization of genome sequence to enable design of medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Angelbello
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jonathan L Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jessica L Childs-Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peiyuan Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Zi-Fu Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Departments of Chemistry and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute , 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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335
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Robinette ML, Cella M, Telliez JB, Ulland TK, Barrow AD, Capuder K, Gilfillan S, Lin LL, Notarangelo LD, Colonna M. Jak3 deficiency blocks innate lymphoid cell development. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:50-60. [PMID: 28513593 PMCID: PMC5693788 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the tyrosine kinase JAK3 cause autosomal recessive severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Defects in this form of SCID are restricted to the immune system, which led to the development of immunosuppressive JAK inhibitors. We find that the B6.Cg-Nr1d1tm1Ven/LazJ mouse line purchased from Jackson Laboratories harbors a spontaneous mutation in Jak3, generating a SCID phenotype and an inability to generate antigen-independent professional cytokine-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Mechanistically, Jak3 deficiency blocks ILC differentiation in the bone marrow at the ILC precursor and the pre-NK cell progenitor. We further demonstrate that the pan-JAK inhibitor tofacitinib and the specific JAK3 inhibitor PF-06651600 impair the ability of human intraepithelial ILC1 (iILC1) to produce IFN-γ, without affecting ILC3 production of IL-22. Both inhibitors impaired the proliferation of iILC1 and ILC3 and differentiation of human ILC in vitro. Tofacitinib is currently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severely active rheumatoid arthritis. Both tofacitinib and PF-06651600 are currently in clinical trials for several other immune-mediated conditions. Our data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of JAK may also impact ILCs and, to some extent, underlie clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Robinette
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Tyler K. Ulland
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexander D. Barrow
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly Capuder
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer
| | - Luigi D. Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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336
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Schwartz DM, Kanno Y, Villarino A, Ward M, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ. JAK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for immune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:78. [PMID: 29282366 PMCID: PMC6168198 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.201.
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337
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Carcinogenicity assessment of baricitinib in Tg.rasH2 mice and Sprague-Dawley (Crl:CD) rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 92:458-471. [PMID: 29203403 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Baricitinib is a potent and selective Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2 inhibitor, and is approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active RA in adults in Europe, Japan, and other countries. This study evaluated the carcinogenic potential of baricitinib in Tg. rasH2 mice and Sprague-Dawley (Crl:CD) rats. Baricitinib was administered daily by oral gavage to Crl:CD rats for up to 94 weeks (dose levels of 0, 1, 3, or 8 mg/kg for males and 0, 3, 8, or 25 mg/kg for females) and to Tg. rasH2 mice for 26 weeks (dose levels of 0, 15, 40, or 300 mg/kg for males and 0, 10, 30, or 150 mg/kg for females). Baricitinib was well tolerated with no incidence of compound-related neoplasms at any dose levels in rats and mice. In mice, non-neoplastic events observed were bone marrow hypocellularity and increased adipocytes. In rats, baricitinib administration was associated with a dose-dependent increase in survival, with a decreased incidence of neoplasm (hematopoietic and mammary), potentially secondary to drug-related decreased weight gain. The incidence of proliferative changes such as neoplastic and hyperplastic lesions in the mammary glands of females and in the livers of males and females also decreased. In conclusion, baricitinib is not considered to be carcinogenic.
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338
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Koster MJ, Warrington KJ. Giant cell arteritis: pathogenic mechanisms and new potential therapeutic targets. BMC Rheumatol 2017; 1:2. [PMID: 30886946 PMCID: PMC6383596 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-017-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common idiopathic systemic vasculitis in persons aged 50 years or greater. Treatment options for GCA, to-date, have been limited and have consisted primarily of glucocorticoids. Significant advances in the understanding of the genetic and cellular mechanisms in GCA are leading to identification of potential pathogenic targets. The recent success of interleukin-6 blockade in the treatment of GCA has opened the landscape to targeted biologic therapy. T cells, particularly T helper 1 and T helper 17 cell lineages have been identified as key inflammatory cells in both active and chronic vascular inflammatory lesions. Therapeutic agents, including abatacept and ustekinumab, which can impede both vasculitogenic cell lines are of particular interest. Inhibition of signalling pathways, including the janus kinase-signal tranducers and activation of transcription (JAK-STAT) and Notch pathways are evolving options. Tocilizumab has shown clear benefit in both newly diagnosed and relapsing patients with GCA and approval of this medication for treatment of GCA has led to rapid incorporation into treatment regimens. More information is required to understand the long-term outcomes of tocilizumab and other investigational targeted therapeutics in the treatment of GCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Koster
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Kenneth J Warrington
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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339
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JAK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for immune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:843-862. [PMID: 29104284 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of cytokines as key drivers of immune-mediated diseases has spurred efforts to target their associated signalling pathways. Janus kinases (JAKs) are essential signalling mediators downstream of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, and small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs (jakinibs) have gained traction as safe and efficacious options for the treatment of inflammation-driven pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Building on the clinical success of first-generation jakinibs, second-generation compounds that claim to be more selective are currently undergoing development and proceeding to clinical trials. However, important questions remain about the advantages and limitations of improved JAK selectivity, optimal routes and dosing regimens and how best to identify patients who will benefit from jakinibs. This Review discusses the biology of jakinibs from a translational perspective, focusing on recent insights from clinical trials, the development of novel agents and the use of jakinibs in a spectrum of immune and inflammatory diseases.
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340
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Zhang X, Chua L, Ernest C, Macias W, Rooney T, Tham LS. Dose/Exposure-Response Modeling to Support Dosing Recommendation for Phase III Development of Baricitinib in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:804-813. [PMID: 28891251 PMCID: PMC5744177 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Baricitinib is an oral inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs), selective for JAK1 and 2. It demonstrated dose‐dependent efficacy in patients with moderate‐to‐severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a phase IIb study up to 24 weeks. Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PopPK/PD) models were developed to characterize concentration‐time profiles and dose/exposure‐response (D/E‐R) relationships for the key efficacy (proportion of patients achieving American College of Rheumatology 20%, 50%, or 70% response rate) and safety endpoints (incidence of anemia) for the phase IIb study. The modeling suggested that 4 mg q.d. was likely to offer the optimum risk/benefit balance, whereas 2 mg q.d. had the potential for adequate efficacy. In addition, at the same total daily dose, a twice‐daily regimen is not expected to provide an advantage over q.d. dosing for the efficacy or safety endpoints. The model‐based simulations formed the rationale for key aspects of dosing, such as dose levels and dosing frequency for phase III development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Laiyi Chua
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lai San Tham
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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341
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Discovery of tricyclic dipyrrolopyridine derivatives as novel JAK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5311-5326. [PMID: 28789911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) play a crucial role in cytokine mediated signal transduction. JAK inhibitors have emerged as effective immunomodulative agents for the prevention of transplant rejection. We previously reported that the tricyclic imidazo-pyrrolopyridinone 2 is a potent JAK inhibitor; however, it had poor oral absorption due to low membrane permeability. Here, we report the structural modification of compound 2 into the tricyclic dipyrrolopyridine 18a focusing on reduction of polar surface area (PSA), which exhibits potent in vitro activity, improved membrane permeability and good oral bioavailability. Compound 18a showed efficacy in rat heterotopic cardiac transplants model.
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342
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Yao L, Mustafa N, Tan EC, Poulsen A, Singh P, Duong-Thi MD, Lee JXT, Ramanujulu PM, Chng WJ, Yen JJY, Ohlson S, Dymock BW. Design and Synthesis of Ligand Efficient Dual Inhibitors of Janus Kinase (JAK) and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Based on Ruxolitinib and Vorinostat. J Med Chem 2017; 60:8336-8357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianbin Yao
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Nurulhuda Mustafa
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, 117549, Singapore
| | - Eng Chong Tan
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Taiwan
International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Anders Poulsen
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, 31 Biopolis Way, 03-01 Nanos, 138669, Singapore
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prachi Singh
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 637551, Singapore
| | - Minh-Dao Duong-Thi
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 637551, Singapore
| | - Jeannie X. T. Lee
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, 117549, Singapore
| | - Pondy Murugappan Ramanujulu
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- Centre
for Life Sciences Level 5, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, 117456, Singapore
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department
of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, 117549, Singapore
- Cancer
Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey J. Y. Yen
- Institute
of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sten Ohlson
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 637551, Singapore
| | - Brian W. Dymock
- Department
of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
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343
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Farag AK, Elkamhawy A, Londhe AM, Lee KT, Pae AN, Roh EJ. Novel LCK/FMS inhibitors based on phenoxypyrimidine scaffold as potential treatment for inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:657-675. [PMID: 29107425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases including LCK and FMS are involved in inflammatory disorders as well as many types of cancer. Our team has designed and synthesized thirty novel pyrimidine based inhibitors targeting LCK, classified into four different series (amides, ureas, imines (Schiff base) and benzylamines). Twelve of them showed nanomolar IC50 values. Compound 7g showed excellent selectivity profile and was selectively potent over FMS kinase (IC50 value of 4.6 nM). Molecular docking study was performed to help us rationalize the obtained results and predict the possible binding mode for our compounds in both LCK and FMS. Based on the obtained biological assay data and modelling results, a detailed SAR study was discussed. As a further testing regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of the new compounds, in vitro cellular assay over RAW 264.7 macrophages was performed. Compound 7g exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, we report the design of novel phenoxypyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective LCK inhibitors and the discovery of 7g as potent and selective FMS/LCK dual inhibitor for the potential application in inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karam Farag
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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344
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Kempson J, Ovalle D, Guo J, Wrobleski ST, Lin S, Spergel SH, Duan JJW, Jiang B, Lu Z, Das J, Yang BV, Hynes J, Wu H, Tokarski J, Sack JS, Khan J, Schieven G, Blatt Y, Chaudhry C, Salter-Cid LM, Fura A, Barrish JC, Carter PH, Pitts WJ. Discovery of highly potent, selective, covalent inhibitors of JAK3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4622-4625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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345
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He L, Pei H, Lan T, Tang M, Zhang C, Chen L. Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective JAK3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28944566 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linhong He
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Heying Pei
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Tingxuan Lan
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
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346
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Taylor PC, Abdul Azeez M, Kiriakidis S. Filgotinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1181-1187. [PMID: 28838249 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1372422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biologics were the first targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), having in common high clinical efficacy. Being proteins, they are administered parenterally. The first oral targeted small molecules approved for RA are competitive inhibitors of the Janus kinase (JAK) enzyme family which mediate signalling for a cytokine subset important in RA pathogenesis. Areas covered: Several JAK inhibitors have been developed with differing selectivity for the four JAK enzymes with a view to generating oral, multi-cytokine inhibitors. Here we review the pharmacology and clinical trial data for efficacy and safety of filgotinib, an investigational selective JAK1 inhibitor. We contextualise the contemporary approach to RA management and substantial unmet needs that remain. Expert opinion: The selectivity of filgotinib for JAK1 may have theoretical advantages in terms of limiting toxicity. However, establishing whether this is so before larger numbers of patients are exposed in phase III and beyond in the real word setting, will be difficult. Filgotinib clinical trial data to date has been encouraging with rapid, sustained efficacy with promising safety and tolerability. We are likely to see an expanding choice of approved JAK inhibitors in the clinic but it may not be straightforward to distinguish safety and efficacy differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Taylor
- a Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Maha Abdul Azeez
- a Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Serafim Kiriakidis
- a Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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347
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Lee CS, Baek J, Han SY. The Role of Kinase Modulators in Cellular Senescence for Use in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091411. [PMID: 28841181 PMCID: PMC6151769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, more than 30 small molecules and eight monoclonal antibodies that modulate kinase signaling have been approved for the treatment of several pathological conditions, including cancer, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Among them, kinase modulators have been a primary focus for use in cancer treatment. Cellular senescence is believed to protect cells from tumorigenesis by irreversibly halting cell cycle progression and avoiding the growth of damaged cells and tissues. Senescence can also contribute to tumor suppression and be utilized as a mechanism by anti-cancer agents. Although the role of kinase modulators in cancer treatment and their effects on senescence in tumor development have been extensively studied, the relationship between kinase modulators for cancer treatment and senescence has not been fully discussed. In this review, we discuss the pro- and anti-tumorigenesis functions of senescence and summarize the key roles of kinase modulators in the regulation of senescence against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Sup Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea.
| | - Juhwa Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea.
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Korea.
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348
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Miceli-Richard C, Dougados M. Tracking JAKs in spondyloarthritis: rationale and expectations. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1325-1326. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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349
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Lee M, Rhee I. Cytokine Signaling in Tumor Progression. Immune Netw 2017; 17:214-227. [PMID: 28860951 PMCID: PMC5577299 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.4.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are molecules that play critical roles in the regulation of a wide range of normal functions leading to cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival, as well as in specialized cellular functions enabling host resistance to pathogens. Cytokines released in response to infection, inflammation or immunity can also inhibit cancer development and progression. The predominant intracellular signaling pathway triggered by cytokines is the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Knockout mice and clinical human studies have provided evidence that JAK-STAT proteins regulate the immune system, and maintain immune tolerance and tumor surveillance. Moreover, aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathways plays an undeniable pathogenic role in several types of human cancers. Thus, in combination, these observations indicate that the JAK-STAT proteins are promising targets for cancer therapy in humans. The data supporting this view are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungmi Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Inmoo Rhee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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350
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Forster M, Gehringer M, Laufer SA. Recent advances in JAK3 inhibition: Isoform selectivity by covalent cysteine targeting. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4229-4237. [PMID: 28844493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of four cytosolic protein kinases with a high degree of structural similarity. Due to its very restricted role in immune regulation, JAK3 was promoted as an excellent target for immunosuppression for more than a decade, but clinical validation of this concept is still elusive. During the last years, speculation arose that kinase activity of JAK1, which cooperates with JAK3 in cytokine receptor signaling, may have a dominant role over the one of JAK3. Until recently, however, this issue could not be appropriately addressed due to a lack of highly isoform-selective tool compounds. With the recent resurgence of covalent drugs, targeting of a specific cysteine that distinguishes JAK3 from other JAK family members became an attractive design option. By applying this strategy, a set of JAK3 inhibitors with excellent selectivity against other JAK isoforms and the kinome was developed during the last three years and used to decipher JAK3-dependent signaling. The data obtained with these tool compounds demonstrates that selective JAK3 inhibition is sufficient to block downstream signaling. Since one of these inhibitors is currently under evaluation in phase II clinical studies against several inflammatory disorders, it will soon become apparent whether selective JAK3 inhibition translates into clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forster
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan A Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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