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Prasad N, Bansal SB, Yadav B, Manhas N, Yadav D, Gautam S, Kushwaha R, Singh A, Bhadauria D, Yachha M, Behera MR, Kaul A. Seroconversion Rate After SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Two Doses of Either ChAdOx1-nCOV COVISHIELD™ or BBV-152 COVAXIN™ Vaccination in Renal Allograft Recipients: An Experience of Two Public and Private Tertiary Care Center. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911738. [PMID: 35844596 PMCID: PMC9280041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated mortality. Renal Transplant Recipients (RTRs) are vulnerable to acquiring infection and high mortality due to their immunocompromised state. Varying responses to the different vaccines, depending on types of vaccines and population, have been reported. Vaccines supply is also limited. The current study evaluated the seroconversion rate after SARS-CoV-2 infection and 2 doses of either COVAXIN™ or COVISHIELD™ vaccination in RTR. Methods The serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein neutralizing antibody titer was measured in 370 RTRs who acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=172), yet not vaccinated; and those vaccinated with COVAXIN™ (n=78), and COVISHIELD™ (n=120) by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay methods from serum. Result Overall, the seroconversion rate either after vaccination or infection was 85.13% (315/370). The vaccine-associated seroconversion was 80.30% (159/198). SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated seroconversion was 90.69% (156/172), COVISHIELD™ associated seroconversion was 79.2% (95/120), and COVAXIN™ associated seroconversion was 82.05% (64/78). The median IgG titer in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group was 646.50 AU/ml (IQR: 232.52-1717.42), in the COVAXIN™ group was 1449.75 AU/ml (IQR: 400.0-3068.55), and the COVISHIELD™ vaccination group was 1500.51 AU/ml (IQR: 379.47-4938.50). The seroconversion rate and antibody titers were similar irrespective of the place of sampling. Patient’s age-associated seroconversion in <45 years was 88.01% (213/242), 45.1-60 years was 83.18% (94/113), and > 60 years was 58.3% (7/12). Conclusions Both infection and vaccination induce robust antibody formation in RTRs. The seroconversion rate after SARS-CoV-2 infection was higher but with a lower antibody titer than vaccines. The vaccines, COVAXIN™ and COVISHIELD™, induce more elevated antibody titers than natural infection. The seroconversion rate and antibody titer in Indian RTRs appears to be better than in the western population, irrespective of their vaccination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Narayan Prasad,
| | | | - Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Manhas
- Medanta The Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Deependra Yadav
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonam Gautam
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravishankar Kushwaha
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Monika Yachha
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Behera
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupama Kaul
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Kuechler AS, Weinhold S, Boege F, Adams O, Müller L, Babor F, Bennstein SB, Pham TXU, Hejazi M, Reusing SB, Hermsen D, Uhrberg M, Schulze-Bosse K. A Diagnostic Strategy for Gauging Individual Humoral Ex Vivo Immune Responsiveness Following COVID-19 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071044. [PMID: 35891208 PMCID: PMC9322304 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We describe a diagnostic procedure suitable for scheduling (re-)vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) according to individual state of humoral immunization. Methods: To clarify the relation between quantitative antibody measurements and humoral ex vivo immune responsiveness, we monitored 124 individuals before, during and six months after vaccination with Spikevax (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein receptor-binding domain (S1-AB) and against nucleocapsid antigens were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay (Roche). Virus-neutralizing activities were determined by surrogate assays (NeutraLISA, Euroimmune; cPass, GenScript). Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture (full virus NT) served as an ex vivo correlate for humoral immune responsiveness. Results: Vaccination responses varied considerably. Six months after the second vaccination, participants still positive for the full virus NT were safely determined by S1-AB levels ≥1000 U/mL. The full virus NT-positive fraction of participants with S1-AB levels <1000 U/mL was identified by virus-neutralizing activities >70% as determined by surrogate assays (NeutraLISA or cPas). Participants that were full virus NT-negative and presumably insufficiently protected could thus be identified by a sensitivity of >83% and a specificity of >95%. Conclusion: The described diagnostic strategy possibly supports individualized (re-)vaccination schedules based on simple and rapid measurement of serum-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. Our data apply only to WUHAN-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and the current version of the mRNA vaccine from Moderna (Cambridge, MA, USA). Adaptation to other vaccines and more recent SARS-CoV-2 strains will require modification of cut-offs and re-evaluation of sensitivity/specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sabrina Kuechler
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (D.H.); (K.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-811-7769; Fax: +49-211-811-8021
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.W.); (S.B.B.); (T.-X.U.P.); (M.H.); (S.B.R.); (M.U.)
| | - Fritz Boege
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (D.H.); (K.S.-B.)
| | - Ortwin Adams
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Lisa Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (O.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Florian Babor
- Institute of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sabrina B. Bennstein
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.W.); (S.B.B.); (T.-X.U.P.); (M.H.); (S.B.R.); (M.U.)
| | - T.-X. Uyen Pham
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.W.); (S.B.B.); (T.-X.U.P.); (M.H.); (S.B.R.); (M.U.)
| | - Maryam Hejazi
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.W.); (S.B.B.); (T.-X.U.P.); (M.H.); (S.B.R.); (M.U.)
| | - Sarah B. Reusing
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.W.); (S.B.B.); (T.-X.U.P.); (M.H.); (S.B.R.); (M.U.)
- Institute of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Derik Hermsen
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (D.H.); (K.S.-B.)
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (S.W.); (S.B.B.); (T.-X.U.P.); (M.H.); (S.B.R.); (M.U.)
| | - Karin Schulze-Bosse
- Central Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (F.B.); (D.H.); (K.S.-B.)
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Moga E, Lynton-Pons E, Domingo P. The Robustness of Cellular Immunity Determines the Fate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904686. [PMID: 35833134 PMCID: PMC9271749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two years after the appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of the current global pandemic, it is time to analyze the evolution of the immune protection that infection and vaccination provide. Cellular immunity plays an important role in limiting disease severity and the resolution of infection. The early appearance, breadth and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response has been correlated with disease severity and it has been thought that T cell responses may be sufficient to clear infection with minimal disease in COVID-19 patients with X-linked or autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia. However, our knowledge of the phenotypic and functional diversity of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes, CD4+ T helper cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh), which play a critical role in infection control as well as long-term protection, is still evolving. It has been described how CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes interrupt viral replication by secreting antiviral cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and directly killing infected cells, negatively correlating with stages of disease progression. In addition, CD4+ T helper cells have been reported to be key pieces, leading, coordinating and ultimately regulating antiviral immunity. For instance, in some more severe COVID-19 cases a dysregulated CD4+ T cell signature may contribute to the greater production of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for pathogenic inflammation. Here we discuss how cellular immunity is the axis around which the rest of the immune system components revolve, since it orchestrates and leads antiviral response by regulating the inflammatory cascade and, as a consequence, the innate immune system, as well as promoting a correct humoral response through CD4+ Tfh cells. This review also analyses the critical role of cellular immunity in modulating the development of high-affinity neutralizing antibodies and germinal center B cell differentiation in memory and long-lived antibody secreting cells. Finally, since there is currently a high percentage of vaccinated population and, in some cases, vaccine booster doses are even being administered in certain countries, we have also summarized newer approaches to long-lasting protective immunity and the cross-protection of cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Moga
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Esther Moga,
| | - Elionor Lynton-Pons
- Department of Immunology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Domingo
- Unidad de enfermedades infecciosas, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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304
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Jäger M, Sonnleitner ST, Dichtl S, Lafon E, Diem G, Walder G, Lass-Flörl C, Wilflingseder D, Posch W. Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Delta Variant in Elderly BNT162b2 Vaccinees. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868361. [PMID: 35833113 PMCID: PMC9271971 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundResidents of nursing homes are one of the most vulnerable groups during the severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The aim of this study was to characterize cellular and humoral immune responses in >70-year-old participants before vaccination, after first and second vaccination with BNT162b2, in contrast to second-dose-vaccinated participants younger than 60 years.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells of 45 elderly and 40 younger vaccinees were analyzed by IFNγ ELISpot, specific immunoglobulin G antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and neutralization abilities against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) and Delta variant (B.1.617.2).ResultsOur results clearly demonstrate a significantly increased T cell response, IgG titers, and neutralization activities against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Delta between first and second vaccination with BNT162b2 in elderly vaccinees, thereby highlighting the importance of the second booster. Interestingly, similar cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 WT and Delta were found after the second vaccine dose in the young and elderly groups.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate a full picture of cellular and humoral immune responses of BNT162b2-vaccinees in two age cohorts. In all vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 WT-specific antibodies with similar neutralizing activity were detected in all vaccinees. After the second vaccination, neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 Delta were impaired in both age groups compared with SARS-CoV-2 WT, thereby emphasizing the need for an additional booster to overcome rising variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jäger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sissy Therese Sonnleitner
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Medical Laboratory, Department of Virology, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eliott Lafon
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriel Diem
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gernot Walder
- Medical Laboratory, Department of Virology, Dr. Gernot Walder GmbH, Ausservillgraten, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Wilflingseder
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wilfried Posch
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Wilfried Posch,
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Moy JN, Anderson M, Shen X, Fu J, Stec M, Gosha A, Naquiallah D, Kinslow J, Montefiori DC, Cloherty G, Landay A. Neutralizing Antibody Activity to SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) After One and Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Infection-Naïve and Previously-Infected Individuals. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1407-1411. [PMID: 35759252 PMCID: PMC9278194 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) binding immunoglobulin G levels did not increase significantly between the first and second doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in previously infected individuals. We tested neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants after the first and second doses of this vaccine in infection-naive and previously infected individuals. Delta, but not Omicron, nAb titers significantly increased from the first to the second dose in both groups of individuals. Importantly, we found that Omicron nAb titers were much lower than Delta nAb titers and that even after 2 doses of vaccine, 17 of 29 individuals in the infection-naive group and 2 of 27 in the previously infected group did not have detectable Omicron nAb titers. Infection history alone did not adequately predict whether a second dose resulted in adequate nAb. For future variants of concern, the discussion on the optimal number of vaccine doses should be based on studies testing for nAb against the specific variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Moy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Anderson
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Stec
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Amy Gosha
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dina Naquiallah
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Kinslow
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,USA
| | - Gavin Cloherty
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, IL, USA
| | - Alan Landay
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Division of Gerontology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Soegiarto G, Wulandari L, Purnomosari D, Dhia Fahmita K, Ikhwan Gautama H, Tri Hadmoko S, Edwin Prasetyo M, Aulia Mahdi B, Arafah N, Prasetyaningtyas D, Prawiro Negoro P, Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa C, Endaryanto A, Gede Agung Suprabawati D, Tinduh D, Basuki Rachmad E, Astha Triyono E, Wahyuhadi J, Budi Keswardiono C, Elyana Wardani F, Mayorita F, Kristiani N, Baskoro A, Fetarayani D, Kartika Nurani W, Oceandy D. Hypertension is associated with antibody response and breakthrough infection in health care workers following vaccination with inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine 2022; 40:4046-4056. [PMID: 35660034 PMCID: PMC9135674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several types of vaccines have been developed to prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is important to understand whether demographic and clinical variables affect the effectiveness of various types of vaccines. This study analysed the association between demographic/clinical factors, antibody response and vaccine effectiveness in healthcare workers vaccinated with inactivated virus. We enrolled 101 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated viral vaccine (CoronaVac). Blood samples were analysed at 1, 3, and 5 months after the second dose of vaccination. Data regarding demographic characteristics, medical histories, and clinical parameters were collected by interview and medical examination. In a separate retrospective study, we analysed the incidence of vaccine breakthrough infection on 2714 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated viral vaccine. Medical histories and demographic data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire. We found that antibody titres markedly increased at 1 month after vaccination but gradually decreased at 3–5 months post-vaccination. We observed a significant association between age (≥40 years) and antibody level, whereas sex and body mass index (BMI) exhibited no effect on antibody titres. Amongst clinical variables analysed, high blood pressure and history of hypertension were significantly correlated with lower antibody titres. Consistently, we found a significant association in the retrospective study between hypertension and the incidence of breakthrough infection. In conclusion, our results showed that hypertension is associated with lower antibody titres and breakthrough infection following COVID-19 vaccination. Thus, blood pressure control might be important to improve the efficacy of inactivated virus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatot Soegiarto
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Laksmi Wulandari
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewajani Purnomosari
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Karin Dhia Fahmita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Ikhwan Gautama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Satrio Tri Hadmoko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Edwin Prasetyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Aulia Mahdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arafah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Prasetyaningtyas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pujo Prawiro Negoro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Anang Endaryanto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Desak Gede Agung Suprabawati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Damayanti Tinduh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Eka Basuki Rachmad
- Medical Service Bureau, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Astha Triyono
- Division of Tropical Disease and Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Joni Wahyuhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Fitriyah Mayorita
- Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Hospital, Bangkalan, Madura, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Kristiani
- Syarifah Ambami Rato Ebu Hospital, Bangkalan, Madura, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ari Baskoro
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Deasy Fetarayani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Wita Kartika Nurani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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The Frequency and Patterns of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome Reveal Initially Mild and Potentially Immunocytopenic Signs in Primarily Young Saudi Women. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071015. [PMID: 35891179 PMCID: PMC9323608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most promising approach for ending or containing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, serious post-COVID-19 vaccine reactions, including immunocytopenia (ITP) syndrome, have been increasingly reported. Several factors cause increased risks including multiple doses, age-dependent heterogeneity in immune-responses, platelet cross-reactions with microbial components, and Long-COVID syndrome. Thus, in the absence of widely available specific therapeutics, vigilance is important while more studies are needed. Using a structured questionnaire sent to different regions in Saudi Arabia, we conducted a comprehensive investigation on the frequency, rates, disease patterns, and patient demographics of post-COVID-19 vaccine side effects on febrile patients after administration three major vaccines. Results indicated that the majority of respondents administered Pfizer BioNtech vaccine (81%, n = 809); followed by AstraZeneca (16%, n = 155); and Moderna (3%, n = 34). Overall 998 participants, 74% (n = 737) showed no serious symptoms; however, 26.2% (n = 261) revealed typical syndromes. In a focused group of 722 participants, the following rates were identified: shortness of breath (20%), bruises or bleeding (18%), inattention (18%), GIT symptoms (17.6%), skin irritation (8.6%), and anosmia and ageusia (8%) were the most prominent among those who showed typical symptoms. The onset time was mostly between 1–3 days in 49% (n = 128), followed by 4–7 days in 21.8% (n = 57), 8–14 days in 16.5% (n = 43), and more than a month in 12.6% (n = 33). The onsets occurred mostly after the first, second, or both doses, 9%, 10%, and 7% of participants, respectively. The frequency of symptoms was significantly higher after Moderna® vaccine (p-value = 0.00006) and it was significantly lower in participants who received Pfizer (p-value = 0.00231). We did not find significant difference in symptoms related to differences in regions. Similarly, the region, age, sex, education, and nationality had no influence on the dose and onset timings. The findings of this study have significant clinical implications in disease management strategies, preventive measures, and vaccine development. Future vertical studies would reveal more insights into the mechanisms of post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome.
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Möhlendick B, Čiučiulkaitė I, Elsner C, Anastasiou OE, Trilling M, Wagner B, Zwanziger D, Jöckel KH, Dittmer U, Siffert W. Individuals With Weaker Antibody Responses After Booster Immunization Are Prone to Omicron Breakthrough Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907343. [PMID: 35812411 PMCID: PMC9260040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDespite the high level of protection against severe COVID-19 provided by the currently available vaccines some breakthrough infections occur. Until now, there is no information whether a potential risk of a breakthrough infection can be inferred from the level of antibodies after booster vaccination.MethodsLevels of binding antibodies and neutralization capacity after the first, one and six month after the second, and one month after the third (booster) vaccination against COVID-19 were measured in serum samples from 1391 healthcare workers at the University Hospital Essen. Demographics, vaccination scheme, pre-infection antibody titers and neutralization capacity were compared between individuals with and without breakthrough infections.ResultsThe risk of developing an Omicron breakthrough infection was independent of vaccination scheme, sex, body mass index, smoking status or pre-existing conditions. In participants with low pre-infection anti-spike antibodies (≤ 2641.0 BAU/ml) and weaker neutralization capacity (≤ 65.9%) against Omicron one month after the booster vaccination the risk for developing an Omicron infection was 10-fold increased (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.36 - 47.55).ConclusionRoutine testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and surrogate virus neutralization can quantify vaccine-induced humoral immune response and may help to identify subjects who are at risk for a breakthrough infection. The establishment of thresholds for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels identifying “non”-, “low” and “high”-responders may be used as an indication for re-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Möhlendick
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Birte Möhlendick,
| | - Ieva Čiučiulkaitė
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olympia E. Anastasiou
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wagner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Zwanziger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Division of Laboratory Research, University-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Kramer KJ, Wilfong EM, Voss K, Barone SM, Shiakolas AR, Raju N, Roe CE, Suryadevara N, Walker LM, Wall SC, Paulo A, Schaefer S, Dahunsi D, Westlake CS, Crowe JE, Carnahan RH, Rathmell JC, Bonami RH, Georgiev IS, Irish JM. Single-cell profiling of the antigen-specific response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3466. [PMID: 35710908 PMCID: PMC9201272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have proven critical to limiting COVID-19 disease severity and spread. Cellular mechanisms driving antigen-specific responses to these vaccines, however, remain uncertain. Here we identify and characterize antigen-specific cells and antibody responses to the RNA vaccine BNT162b2 using multiple single-cell technologies for in depth analysis of longitudinal samples from a cohort of healthy participants. Mass cytometry and unbiased machine learning pinpoint an expanding, population of antigen-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with characteristics of follicular or peripheral helper cells. B cell receptor sequencing suggest progression from IgM, with apparent cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses, to SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG memory B cells and plasmablasts. Responding lymphocyte populations correlate with eventual SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and a participant lacking these cell populations failed to sustain SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and experienced breakthrough infection. These integrated proteomic and genomic platforms identify an antigen-specific cellular basis of RNA vaccine-based immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Kramer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Erin M Wilfong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sierra M Barone
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea R Shiakolas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Caroline E Roe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Lauren M Walker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Steven C Wall
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ariana Paulo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Samuel Schaefer
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Debolanle Dahunsi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Camille S Westlake
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Ivelin S Georgiev
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Human Immunology Discovery Initiative of the Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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310
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Zong K, Peng D, Yang H, Huang Z, Luo Y, Wang Y, Xiang S, Li T, Mou T, Wu Z. Risk Factors for Weak Antibody Response of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888385. [PMID: 35774786 PMCID: PMC9237843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the factors that contribute to poor antibody response in organ transplant recipients after receiving the 2-dose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine.MethodData was obtained from Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). Studies reporting factors associated with antibody responses to the 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients were included in our study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two researchers completed the literature search, screening, and data extraction. Randomized models were used to obtain results. Egger’s test was performed to determine publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the stability of the result. The heterogeneity was determined using the Galbraith plot and subgroup analysis.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in the present study. The factors included living donor, BNT162b2, tacrolimus, cyclosporine, antimetabolite, mycophenolic acid (MPA) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine, corticosteroids, high-dose corticosteroids, belatacept, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, tritherapy, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hemoglobin, and tacrolimus level were significantly different. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences in age, diabetes mellitus, MPA or MMF, high-dose corticosteroids, tritherapy, and eGFR.ConclusionThe possible independent risk factors for negative antibody response in patients with organ transplants who received the 2-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine include age, diabetes mellitus, low eGFR, MPA or MMF, high-dose corticosteroids, and triple immunosuppression therapy. mTOR inhibitor can be a protective factor against weak antibody response.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42021257965.
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311
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety and immunogenicity in patients with hematologic malignancies, transplantation, and cellular therapies. Blood Rev 2022; 56:100984. [PMID: 35752546 PMCID: PMC9188822 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients are immunologically heterogenous groups with varying degrees of immunosuppression at increased risk of severe disease and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are key interventions to preventing severe COVID-19 and its complications. While these individuals were excluded from initial vaccine trials, there is now a growing body of acceptable safety and immunogenicity data among these individuals. A consistent signal for new or worsening graft versus host disease in allogeneic HCT recipients has not been demonstrated post-vaccination. Immunogenicity in these populations is variable depending on disease and treatment factors. However, serological responses may not accurately reflect vaccine protection as correlates of protection within these populations are not yet established. Large-scale studies powered to identify rare serious events, resolve differences in vaccine responses between different vaccination strategies, and identify immune correlates of protection within these populations are needed.
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312
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Oishi K, Horiuchi S, Frere J, Schwartz RE, tenOever BR. A diminished immune response underlies age-related SARS-CoV-2 pathologies. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111002. [PMID: 35714615 PMCID: PMC9181267 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are significantly elevated in people of advanced age. To understand the underlying biology of this phenotype, we utilize the golden hamster model to compare how the innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection differed between younger and older animals. We find that while both hamster cohorts showed similar virus kinetics in the lungs, the host response in older animals was dampened, with diminished tissue repair in the respiratory tract post-infection. Characterization of the adaptive immune response also revealed age-related differences, including fewer germinal center B cells in older hamsters, resulting in reduced potency of neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, older animals demonstrate elevated suppressor T cells and neutrophils in the respiratory tract, correlating with an increase in TGF-β and IL-17 induction. Together, these data support that diminished immunity is one of the underlying causes of age-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Oishi
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shu Horiuchi
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Justin Frere
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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313
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Peter L, Wendering DJ, Schlickeiser S, Hoffmann H, Noster R, Wagner DL, Zarrinrad G, Münch S, Picht S, Schulenberg S, Moradian H, Mashreghi MF, Klein O, Gossen M, Roch T, Babel N, Reinke P, Volk HD, Amini L, Schmueck-Henneresse M. Tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products to prevent and treat severe COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:52-73. [PMID: 35252469 PMCID: PMC8882037 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients receive therapeutic immunosuppression that compromises their immune response to infections and vaccines. For this reason, SOT patients have a high risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and an increased risk of death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, the efficiency of immunotherapies and vaccines is reduced due to the constant immunosuppression in this patient group. Here, we propose adoptive transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells made resistant to a common immunosuppressant, tacrolimus, for optimized performance in the immunosuppressed patient. Using a ribonucleoprotein approach of CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we have generated tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products from convalescent donors and demonstrate their specificity and function through characterizations at the single-cell level, including flow cytometry, single-cell RNA (scRNA) Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes (CITE), and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing analyses. Based on the promising results, we aim for clinical validation of this approach in transplant recipients. Additionally, we propose a combinatory approach with tacrolimus, to prevent an overshooting immune response manifested as bystander T cell activation in the setting of severe COVID-19 immunopathology, and tacrolimus-resistant SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products, allowing for efficient clearance of viral infection. Our strategy has the potential to prevent severe COVID-19 courses in SOT or autoimmunity settings and to prevent immunopathology while providing viral clearance in severe non-transplant COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Peter
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Regenerative Therapies at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Jacqueline Wendering
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrike Hoffmann
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Noster
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Laurin Wagner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Zarrinrad
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Regenerative Therapies at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Münch
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samira Picht
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulenberg
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Einstein Center for Regenerative Therapies at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanieh Moradian
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology, and Transplantation, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology, and Transplantation, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila Amini
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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314
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Cortés-Sarabia K, Gutiérrez-Torres M, Mendoza-Renteria EM, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Vences-Velázquez A, Hernández-Sotelo D, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Del Moral-Hernández O, Illades-Aguiar B. Variation in the Humoral Immune Response Induced by the Administration of the BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060909. [PMID: 35746517 PMCID: PMC9229764 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine was the first emergency approved vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the variations in the humoral immune response induced by the administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the elderly, and those with comorbidities and immunosuppression states. Additionally, we analyzed the effect of generated neutralizing antibodies against the new variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. Pubmed, Science Direct, Mendeley, and WorldWide Science were searched between 1 January 2020 and October 2021 using the keywords “BNT162b2”, “serology”, “comorbidity”, “immunosuppression”, and “variants of concern”dA total of 20 peer-reviewed publications were selected. The analysis showed that those individuals with previous infections have a considerably higher antibody response after the administration of BNT162b2 vaccine in contrast with seronegative individuals. With regard to variation in immune responses, elderly individuals, patients with cancer, or patients who had undergone a kidney transplant, dialysis, or who were pregnant had a lower antibody response in comparison to healthy individuals. Finally, antibodies developed against the S protein produced by the BNT162b2 vaccine, possessed lower neutralizing activity against the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, patients with immunodeficiencies and comorbidities have a lesser antibody response, about which further studies need to be performed in order to analyze the effectiveness and duration of the humoral immunity associated with vaccination in these specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cortés-Sarabia
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico; (K.C.-S.); (M.G.-T.); (E.M.M.-R.); (A.V.-V.)
| | - Mayralina Gutiérrez-Torres
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico; (K.C.-S.); (M.G.-T.); (E.M.M.-R.); (A.V.-V.)
| | - Escarlet Maleny Mendoza-Renteria
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico; (K.C.-S.); (M.G.-T.); (E.M.M.-R.); (A.V.-V.)
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico;
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico; (K.C.-S.); (M.G.-T.); (E.M.M.-R.); (A.V.-V.)
| | - Daniel Hernández-Sotelo
- Laboratorio de Epigénetica del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico;
| | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (O.D.M.-H.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39086, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (O.D.M.-H.); (B.I.-A.)
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315
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Pang APS, Higgins-Chen AT, Comite F, Raica I, Arboleda C, Went H, Mendez T, Schotsaert M, Dwaraka V, Smith R, Levine ME, Ndhlovu LC, Corley MJ. Longitudinal Study of DNA Methylation and Epigenetic Clocks Prior to and Following Test-Confirmed COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination. Front Genet 2022; 13:819749. [PMID: 35719387 PMCID: PMC9203887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.819749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The host epigenetic landscape rapidly changes during SARS-CoV-2 infection, and evidence suggest that severe COVID-19 is associated with durable scars to the epigenome. Specifically, aberrant DNA methylation changes in immune cells and alterations to epigenetic clocks in blood relate to severe COVID-19. However, a longitudinal assessment of DNA methylation states and epigenetic clocks in blood from healthy individuals prior to and following test-confirmed non-hospitalized COVID-19 has not been performed. Moreover, the impact of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines upon the host epigenome remains understudied. Here, we first examined DNA methylation states in the blood of 21 participants prior to and following test-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis at a median time frame of 8.35 weeks; 756 CpGs were identified as differentially methylated following COVID-19 diagnosis in blood at an FDR adjusted p-value < 0.05. These CpGs were enriched in the gene body, and the northern and southern shelf regions of genes involved in metabolic pathways. Integrative analysis revealed overlap among genes identified in transcriptional SARS-CoV-2 infection datasets. Principal component-based epigenetic clock estimates of PhenoAge and GrimAge significantly increased in people over 50 following infection by an average of 2.1 and 0.84 years. In contrast, PCPhenoAge significantly decreased in people fewer than 50 following infection by an average of 2.06 years. This observed divergence in epigenetic clocks following COVID-19 was related to age and immune cell-type compositional changes in CD4+ T cells, B cells, granulocytes, plasmablasts, exhausted T cells, and naïve T cells. Complementary longitudinal epigenetic clock analyses of 36 participants prior to and following Pfizer and Moderna mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination revealed that vaccination significantly reduced principal component-based Horvath epigenetic clock estimates in people over 50 by an average of 3.91 years for those who received Moderna. This reduction in epigenetic clock estimates was significantly related to chronological age and immune cell-type compositional changes in B cells and plasmablasts pre- and post-vaccination. These findings suggest the potential utility of epigenetic clocks as a biomarker of COVID-19 vaccine responses. Future research will need to unravel the significance and durability of short-term changes in epigenetic age related to COVID-19 exposure and mRNA vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina P. S. Pang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Albert T. Higgins-Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Florence Comite
- Comite Center for Precision Medicine & Health, New York, NY, United States
- Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ioana Raica
- Comite Center for Precision Medicine & Health, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ryan Smith
- TruDiagnostic, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Morgan E. Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Corley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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316
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Polvere I, Parrella A, Zerillo L, Voccola S, Cardinale G, D'Andrea S, Madera JR, Stilo R, Vito P, Zotti T. Humoral Immune Response Diversity to Different COVID-19 Vaccines: Implications for the "Green Pass" Policy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833085. [PMID: 35634315 PMCID: PMC9130843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic year 2021, several countries have implemented a vaccine certificate policy, the “Green Pass Policy” (GPP), to reduce virus spread and to allow safe relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions and reopening of social and economic activities. The rationale for the GPP is based on the assumption that vaccinated people should maintain a certain degree of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe and compare, for the first time, the humoral immune response to mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines in terms of antibody titer elicited, neutralizing activity, and epitope reactogenicity among 369 individuals aged 19 to 94 years. In parallel, we also considered the use of a rapid test for the determination of neutralizing antibodies as a tool to guide policymakers in defining booster vaccination strategies and eligibility for Green Pass. Our analysis demonstrates that the titer of antibodies directed towards the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is significantly associated with age and vaccine type. Moreover, natural COVID-19 infection combined with vaccination results, on average, in higher antibody titer and higher neutralizing activity as compared to fully vaccinated individuals without prior COVID-19. We also found that levels of anti-Spike RBD antibodies are not always strictly associated with the extent of inhibition of RBD-ACE2 binding, as we could observe different neutralizing activities in sera with similar anti-RBD concentrations. Finally, we evaluated the reactivity to four synthetic peptides derived from Spike protein on a randomly selected serum sample and observed that similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination elicits a heterogeneous antibody response with qualitative individual features. On the basis of our results, the use of rapid devices to detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies, even on a large scale and repeatedly over time, appears helpful in determining the duration of the humoral protection elicited by vaccination. These aspects and their implications for the GPP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Polvere
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Voccola
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cardinale
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy.,Tecno Bios srl, Apollosa, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Andrea
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Romania Stilo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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317
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Neil JA, Griffith M, Godfrey DI, Purcell DFJ, Deliyannis G, Jackson D, Rockman S, Subbarao K, Nolan T. Nonhuman primate models for evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1055-1070. [PMID: 35652289 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy in animal models provide critical data in vaccine development. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been used extensively in the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. AREAS COVERED A critical synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development with a focus on challenge studies in NHPs is provided. The benefits and drawbacks of the NHP models are discussed. The citations were selected by the authors based on PubMed searches of the literature, summaries from national public health bodies, and press-release information provided by vaccine developers. EXPERT OPINION We identify several aspects of NHP models that limit their usefulness for vaccine-challenge studies and numerous variables that constrain comparisons across vaccine platforms. We propose that studies conducted in NHPs for vaccine development should use a standardized protocol and, where possible, be substituted with smaller animal models. This will ensure continued rapid progression of vaccines to clinical trials without compromising assessments of safety or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Neil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maryanne Griffith
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georgia Deliyannis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Seqirus, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunisation Research Group (VIRGo), Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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318
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COVID-19 vaccines: Update of the vaccines in use and under development. VACUNAS 2022; 23:S88-S102. [PMID: 35761987 PMCID: PMC9217136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a series of challenges on the scientific community. One of the biggest was the development of safe and effective vaccines in record time, which could be achieved through a global effort. A topic of great discussion has been the technology surrounding these vaccines: ranging from the well-known inactivated virus vaccines to the latest RNA vaccines. As vaccines became available, another point also came into question: their efficacy and effectiveness against the original Wuhan strain and its variants. Among the numerous variants, 5 of them (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and, more recently, Omicron) gained greater prominence due to their epidemiological relevance. In this scenario, with numerous variants and several vaccine options, scientific information can often be mismatched. This review aims to provide an overview of the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of 11 vaccines in use or under development against the original Wuhan strain and the variants of concern identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Simultaneously, we aim to explore possible scenarios that can be expected shortly regarding new variants and vaccines. Overall, COVID-19 vaccines have satisfactory efficacy and loss of effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron strain.
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319
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Ntouros PA, Kravvariti E, Vlachogiannis NI, Pappa M, Trougakos IP, Terpos E, Tektonidou MG, Souliotis VL, Sfikakis PP. Oxidative stress and endogenous DNA damage in blood mononuclear cells may predict anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after vaccination in older adults. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166393. [PMID: 35314351 PMCID: PMC8930778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Immune senescence in the elderly has been associated with chronic oxidative stress and DNA damage accumulation. Herein we tested the hypothesis that increased endogenous DNA damage and oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of older adults associate with diminished humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Increased oxidative stress and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were detected in 9 non-immunocompromised individuals aged 80-96 years compared to 11 adults aged 27-44 years, before, as well as on days 1 and 14 after the first dose, and on day 14 after the second dose of the BNT162B2-mRNA vaccine (all p < 0.05). SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induced a resolvable increase in oxidative stress and DNA damage, but individual DSB-repair efficiency was unaffected by vaccination irrespective of age, confirming vaccination safety. Individual titers of anti-Spike-Receptor Binding Domain (S-RBD)-IgG antibodies, and the neutralizing capacity of circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, measured on day 14 after the second dose in all participants, correlated inversely with the corresponding pre-vaccination endogenous oxidative stress and DSB levels (all p < 0.05). In particular, a strong inverse correlation of individual pre-vaccination DSB levels with both the respective anti-S-RBD-IgG antibodies titers (r = -0.867) and neutralizing capacity of circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (r = -0.983) among the 9 older adults was evident. These findings suggest that humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination may be weaker when immune cells are under oxidative and/or genomic stress. Whether such measurements may serve as biomarkers of vaccine efficacy in older adults warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Ntouros
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Postgraduate Medical Studies in the Physiology of Aging and Geriatric Syndromes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Vlachogiannis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pappa
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L Souliotis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine and Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Postgraduate Medical Studies in the Physiology of Aging and Geriatric Syndromes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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320
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Athirasala A, Patel S, Menezes PP, Kim J, Tahayeri A, Sahay G, Bertassoni LE. Matrix stiffness regulates lipid nanoparticle-mRNA delivery in cell-laden hydrogels. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102550. [PMID: 35292368 PMCID: PMC9206884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
mRNA therapeutics have increased in popularity, largely due to the transient and fast nature of protein expression and the low risk of off-target effects. This has increased drastically with the remarkable success of mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19. Despite advances in lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based delivery, the mechanisms that regulate efficient endocytic trafficking and translation of mRNA remain poorly understood. Although it is widely acknowledged that the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates uptake and expression of exogenous nano-complexed genetic material, its specific effects on mRNA delivery and expression have not yet been examined. Here, we demonstrate a critical role for matrix stiffness in modulating both mRNA transfection and expression and uncover distinct mechano-regulatory mechanisms for endocytosis of mRNA through RhoA mediated mTOR signaling and cytoskeletal dynamics. Our findings have implications for effective delivery of therapeutic mRNA to targeted tissues that may be differentially affected by tissue and matrix stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avathamsa Athirasala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Siddharth Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Paula P Menezes
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Life Science Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Collaborative Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR) Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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321
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Prendki V, Tiseo G, Falcone M. Caring for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:785-791. [PMID: 35283306 PMCID: PMC8912971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients represent a high-risk group with increased risk of death from COVID-19. Despite the number of published studies, several unmet needs in care for older adults exist. OBJECTIVES To discuss unmet needs of COVID-19 in this special population. SOURCES A literature review for studies on COVID-19 in elderly patients published between December 2019 and November 2021 was performed. Clinical questions were formulated to guide the literature search. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE database, combining specific search terms. Two reviewers independently conducted the search and selected the studies according to the prespecified clinical questions. CONTENT Elderly patients with COVID-19 have peculiar characteristics. They may have atypical clinical presentation, with no fever and with delirium or neurological manifestations as the most common signs, with potential delayed diagnosis and increased risk of death. The reported fatality rates among elderly patients with COVID-19 are extremely high. Several factors, including comorbidities, atypical presentation, and exclusion from intensive care unit care, contribute to this excess of mortality. Age alone is frequently used as a key factor to exclude the elderly from intensive care, but there is evidence that frailty rather than age better predicts the risk of poor outcome in this category. Durability of vaccine efficacy in the elderly remains debated, and the need for a third booster dose is becoming increasingly evident. Finally, efforts to care for elderly patients who have survived after acute COVID-19 should be implemented, considering the high rates of long COVID sequelae and the risk of longitudinal functional and cognitive decline. IMPLICATIONS We highlight peculiar aspects of COVID-19 in elderly patients and factors contributing to high risk of poor outcome in this category. We also illuminated gaps in current evidence, suggesting future research directions and underlining the need for further studies on the optimal management of elderly patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Prendki
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giusy Tiseo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Italy.
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322
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Immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous ChAdOx1-S and mRNA-1273 vaccinations in healthy adults in Taiwan. J Clin Virol 2022; 150-151:105156. [PMID: 35413588 PMCID: PMC8986279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background : In Taiwan, the vaccination program started in March 2021, with ChAdOx1-S being the first available WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccine, followed by Moderna vaccine. This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens with ChAdOx1-S and mRNA-1273. Methods : From March to November 2021, homologous or heterologous regimens with ChAdOx1-S and mRNA-1273 vaccination (ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S, mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273) were given to 945 healthy participants. Serum samples were collected at designated time points. The anti-RBD/S1 antibody titers and neutralizing ability were measured by three different immunoassays: Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II (Abbott Diagnostics Division, Sligo, Ireland), and cPass™ SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit (GenScript, New Jersey, USA). Results : We found that heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273 had an acceptable safety profile and induced higher total anti-RBD/S1 antibody production (p < 0.0001), yet lower anti-RBD/S1 IgG titer (p < 0.0001) and neutralizing ability (p = 0.0101) than mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273 group. Both regimens showed higher antibody titers and superior neutralizing abilities than ChAdOx1-S/ChAdOx1-S. An age-dependent antibody response to ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273 was shown after both the priming and the booster doses. Younger age was associated with higher antibody production and neutralizing ability. Conclusions : Heterologous ChAdOx1-S/mRNA-1273 vaccination regimen is generally safe and induces a robust humoral immune response that is non-inferior to that of mRNA-1273/mRNA-1273.
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323
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Differences in Characteristics of T-Cell Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Clinically Healthy Subjects. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:133-138. [PMID: 35624352 PMCID: PMC9142335 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the differences in the characteristics of T-cell immunity in clinically healthy volunteers of three groups: “no previous COVID-19, not vaccinated”, “recovered”, and “vaccinated” as well as the relationship between the presence of IFNγ-releasing T cells in response to stimulation with peptide pools overlapping the main S, N, M, ORF3, and ORF7 protein sequences and the presence of IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. In the “no previous COVID-19, non-vaccinated” group, T cells specific to both S protein and other virus proteins were absent in 95% subjects. In the “recovered from COVID-19” group, T cells specific to the spike protein were present in samples from 39% subjects. In the same group, T-cell immunity to other viral proteins was present in 58% subjects. In vaccinated subjects, specific T cells responding to stimulation with S protein peptides were found in 47% cases and Т cells specific to N, M, ORF3, ORF7 proteins were detected in only 22% subjects.
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324
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Padhiar NH, Liu JB, Wang X, Wang XL, Bodnar BH, Khan S, Wang P, Khan AI, Luo JJ, Hu WH, Ho WZ. Comparison of BNT162b2-, mRNA-1273- and Ad26.COV2.S-Elicited IgG and Neutralizing Titers against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060858. [PMID: 35746466 PMCID: PMC9228110 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the vaccine-elicited antibody and neutralizing activity against spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are associated with protection from COVID-19, it is important to determine the levels of specific IgG and neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 elicited by the vaccines. While three widely used vaccine brands (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna-mRNA-1273 and Johnson-Ad26.COV2.S) are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and alleviating COVID-19 illness, they have different efficacy against COVID-19. It is unclear whether the differences are due to varying ability of the vaccines to elicit a specific IgG antibody response and neutralization activity against spike protein of the virus. In this study, we compared the plasma IgG and neutralization titers against spike proteins of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and eight variants in healthy subjects who received the mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 or Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. We demonstrated that subjects vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S vaccine had significantly lower levels of IgG and neutralizing titers as compared to those who received the mRNA vaccines. While the linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between IgG levels and neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 WT and the variants, there was an overall reduction in neutralizing titers against the variants in subjects across the three groups. These findings suggest that people who received one dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine have a more limited IgG response and lower neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 WT and its variants than recipients of the mRNA vaccines. Thus, monitoring the plasma or serum levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titer and neutralization activity is necessary for the selection of suitable vaccines, vaccine dosage and regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigam H. Padhiar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Brittany H. Bodnar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shazheb Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Adil I. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
| | - Jin-Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (N.H.P.); (J.-B.L.); (X.W.); (X.-L.W.); (B.H.B.); (S.K.); (P.W.); (A.I.K.); (W.-H.H.)
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-707-8858
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Jacobsen H, Sitaras I, Jurgensmeyer M, Mulders MN, Goldblatt D, Feikin DR, Bar-Zeev N, Higdon MM, Knoll MD. Assessing the Reliability of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Studies That Use Post-Vaccination Sera. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060850. [PMID: 35746460 PMCID: PMC9227377 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for determining future vaccination strategies and other public health strategies. When clinical effectiveness data are unavailable, a common method of assessing vaccine performance is to utilize neutralization assays using post-vaccination sera. Neutralization studies are typically performed across a wide array of settings, populations and vaccination strategies, and using different methodologies. For any comparison and meta-analysis to be meaningful, the design and methodology of the studies used must at minimum address aspects that confer a certain degree of reliability and comparability. We identified and characterized three important categories in which studies differ (cohort details, assay details and data reporting details) and that can affect the overall reliability and/or usefulness of neutralization assay results. We define reliability as a measure of methodological accuracy, proper study setting concerning subjects, samples and viruses, and reporting quality. Each category comprises a set of several relevant key parameters. To each parameter, we assigned a possible impact (ranging from low to high) on overall study reliability depending on its potential to influence the results. We then developed a reliability assessment tool that assesses the aggregate reliability of a study across all parameters. The reliability assessment tool provides explicit selection criteria for inclusion of comparable studies in meta-analyses of neutralization activity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera and can also both guide the design of future neutralization studies and serve as a checklist for including important details on key parameters in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jacobsen
- Department of Viral Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Marley Jurgensmeyer
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Mick N. Mulders
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.M.); (D.R.F.)
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Daniel R. Feikin
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (M.N.M.); (D.R.F.)
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Melissa M. Higdon
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
| | - Maria Deloria Knoll
- International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (M.J.); (N.B.-Z.); (M.M.H.); (M.D.K.)
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326
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Jergović M, Uhrlaub JL, Watanabe M, Bradshaw CM, White LM, LaFleur BJ, Edwards T, Sprissler R, Worobey M, Bhattacharya D, Nikolich-Žugich J. Competent immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults following two doses of mRNA vaccination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2891. [PMID: 35610270 PMCID: PMC9130515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a reduced magnitude of primary immune responses to vaccination. mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown efficacy in older adults but virus variant escape is still unclear. Here we analyze humoral and cellular immunity against an early-pandemic viral isolate and compare that to the P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants in two cohorts (<50 and >55 age) of mRNA vaccine recipients. We further measure neutralizing antibody titers for B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.595, with the latter SARS-CoV-2 isolate bearing the spike mutation E484Q. Robust humoral immunity is measured following second vaccination, and older vaccinees manifest cellular immunity comparable to the adult group against early-pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and more recent variants. More specifically, the older cohort has lower neutralizing capacity at 7-14 days following the second dose but equilibrates with the younger cohort after 2-3 months. While long-term vaccination responses remain to be determined, our results implicate vaccine-induced protection in older adults against SARS-CoV-2 variants and inform thinking about boost vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Jergović
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Christine M Bradshaw
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lisa M White
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Taylor Edwards
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Sprissler
- University of Arizona Genetics Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Worobey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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327
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Liwsrisakun C, Pata S, Laopajon W, Takheaw N, Chaiwong W, Inchai J, Pothirat C, Bumroongkit C, Deesomchok A, Theerakittikul T, Limsukon A, Tajarernmuang P, Niyatiwatchanchai N, Trongtrakul K, Chuensirikulchai K, Kasinrerk W. Neutralizing antibody and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern following ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 boosting in the elderly previously immunized with CoronaVac vaccine. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:24. [PMID: 35610643 PMCID: PMC9126751 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The existence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) in association with evidence of breakthrough infections despite vaccination resulted in the need for vaccine boosting. In elderly individuals, information on the immunogenicity of booster vaccinations is limited. In countries where the CoronaVac inactivated vaccine is the primary vaccine, the appropriate boosting regimen is not clear. Immunologic studies of the effects of booster vaccination against VOCs, particularly Delta and Omicron, following CoronaVac in elderly individuals are helpful for policy makers. In this study, we determined the immune responses against VOCs following ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 boosting in elderly individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac. Results Before boosting, the median % inhibition of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the wild-type (WT), Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants in the ChAdOx-1 and BNT162b2 groups was 52.8% vs. 53.4, 36.6% vs. 39.9, 5.2% vs. 13.7, 34.3% vs. 44.9, and 20.8% vs. 18.8%, respectively. After boosting with ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2, the % inhibition of NAbs were increased to 97.3% vs. 97.4, 94.3% vs. 97.3%, 79.9 vs. 93.7, 95.5% vs. 97.5, and 26.9% vs. 31.9% for WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta and Omicron variants, respectively. Boosting with BNT162b2 induced significantly higher NAb levels than boosting with ChAdOx-1 against the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants but not the WT and Omicron variants. NAb levels against Omicron variant were not significantly different before and after boosting with ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2. To evaluate T-cell responses, S peptides of the WT, Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were used to stimulate T cells. Upon stimulation, the expression of IL-17A in CD8 T cells was higher in the BNT162b2 group than in the ChAdOx-1 boosting group. However, IFN-γ production in CD4 and CD8 T cells did not significantly differ under all vaccination regimens. The expression of FasL in CD4 T cells, but not CD8 T cells, was higher in the BNT162b2-boosted group. Conclusion Boosting with either ChAdOx-1 or BNT162b2 in CoronaVac-primed healthy elderly individuals induced high NAb production against all examined VOCs except Omicron. BNT162b2 stimulated higher NAb and some T-cell responses than ChAdOx-1. Vaccine boosting is, therefore, recommended for elderly individuals previously immunized with CoronaVac. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00279-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Witida Laopajon
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuchjira Takheaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Inchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Bumroongkit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Athavudh Deesomchok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kantinan Chuensirikulchai
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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328
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Ebinger JE, Joung S, Liu Y, Wu M, Weber B, Claggett B, Botting PG, Sun N, Driver M, Kao YH, Khuu B, Wynter T, Nguyen TT, Alotaibi M, Prostko JC, Frias EC, Stewart JL, Goodridge HS, Chen P, Jordan SC, Jain M, Sharma S, Fert-Bober J, Van Eyk JE, Minissian MB, Arditi M, Melmed GY, Braun JG, McGovern DPB, Cheng S, Sobhani K. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with variations in antibody response to BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers at an academic medical centre: a longitudinal cohort analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059994. [PMID: 35613792 PMCID: PMC9130668 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to understand the demographic and clinical factors associated with variations in longitudinal antibody response following completion of two-dose regiment of BNT162b2 vaccination. DESIGN This study is a 10-month longitudinal cohort study of healthcare workers and serially measured anti-spike protein IgG (IgG-S) antibody levels using mixed linear models to examine their associations with participant characteristics. SETTING A large, multisite academic medical centre in Southern California, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 843 healthcare workers met inclusion criteria including completion of an initial two-dose course of BNT162b2 vaccination, complete clinical history and at least two blood samples for analysis. Patients had an average age of 45±13 years, were 70% female and 7% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Vaccine-induced IgG-S levels remained in the positive range for 99.6% of individuals up to 10 months after initial two-dose vaccination. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was the primary correlate of sustained higher postvaccination IgG-S levels (partial R2=0.133), with a 1.74±0.11 SD higher IgG-S response (p<0.001). Female sex (beta 0.27±0.06, p<0.001), younger age (0.01±0.00, p<0.001) and absence of hypertension (0.17±0.08, p=0.003) were also associated with persistently higher IgG-S responses. Notably, prior SARS-CoV-2 infection augmented the associations of sex (-0.42 for male sex, p=0.08) and modified the associations of hypertension (1.17, p=0.001), such that infection-naïve individuals with hypertension had persistently lower IgG-S levels whereas prior infected individuals with hypertension exhibited higher IgG-S levels that remained augmented over time. CONCLUSIONS While the IgG-S antibody response remains in the positive range for up to 10 months following initial mRNA vaccination in most adults, determinants of sustained higher antibody levels include prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, female sex, younger age and absence of hypertension. Certain determinants of the longitudinal antibody response appear significantly modified by prior infection status. These findings offer insights regarding factors that may influence the 'hybrid' immunity conferred by natural infection combined with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandy Joung
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yunxian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick G Botting
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Matthew Driver
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yu Hung Kao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Briana Khuu
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy Wynter
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trevor-Trung Nguyen
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - John C Prostko
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Edwin C Frias
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - James L Stewart
- Applied Research and Technology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stanley C Jordan
- Transplant Immunology Laboratory and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sonia Sharma
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margo B Minissian
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Brawerman Nursing Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Smidt Heart Institute; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology; Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan G Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot P B McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimia Sobhani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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329
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Podrazil M, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Rataj M, Lastovicka J, Vlachova A, Pohunek P, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. Effectiveness and Durability of mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Severe Asthma Patients on Biological Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892277. [PMID: 35669765 PMCID: PMC9163958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively elicit humoral and cellular immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in healthy populations. This immunity decreases several months after vaccination. However, the efficacy of vaccine-induced immunity and its durability in patients with severe asthma on biological therapy are unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and durability of mRNA vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in severe asthma patients on biological therapy. The study included 34 patients with severe asthma treated with anti-IgE (omalizumab, n=17), anti-IL5 (mepolizumab, n=13; reslizumab, n=3), or anti-IL5R (benralizumab, n=1) biological therapy. All patients were vaccinated with two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine with a 6-week interval between the doses. We found that this COVID-19 vaccination regimen elicited SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity, which had significantly declined 6 months after receipt of the second dose of the vaccine. The type of biological treatment did not affect vaccine-elicited immunity. However, patient age negatively impacted the vaccine-induced humoral response. On the other hand, no such age-related impact on vaccine-elicited cellular immunity was observed. Our findings show that treatment of patients with severe asthma with biological therapy does not compromise the effectiveness or durability of COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Podrazil
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Rataj
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Lastovicka
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Vlachova
- Department of Pneumology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Pohunek
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Immune Response 5–7 Months after Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Elderly Nursing Home Residents in the Czech Republic: Comparison of Three Vaccines. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051086. [PMID: 35632827 PMCID: PMC9147580 DOI: 10.3390/v14051086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Elderly nursing home residents are especially prone to a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we aimed to investigate the complex immune response after vaccination depending on the convalescence status and vaccine. Methods: Sampling took place in September–October 2021. IgG antibodies against spike protein and nucleocapsid protein, the titer of virus neutralization antibodies against delta and (on a subset of patients) omicron, and cellular immunity (interferon-gamma release assay) were tested in nursing home residents vaccinated with Pfizer, Moderna (both 30–31 weeks after the completion of vaccination), or AstraZeneca (23 weeks) vaccines. The prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was evaluated in Stata version 17. Results: 95.2% (95% CI: 92.5–97.1%) of the 375 participants had positive results of anti-S IgG, 92.8% (95% CI: 89.7–95.2%) were positive in virus neutralization assay against delta, and 89.0% (95% CI: 84.5–92.5%) in the interferon-gamma-releasing assay detecting cellular immunity. Results of the virus neutralization assay against omicron correlated with those against delta but the neutralization capacity was reduced by about half. As expected, the worst results were found for the AstraZeneca vaccine, although the vaccination-to-test period was the shortest for this vaccine. All immune parameters were significantly higher in convalescent residents than in naive residents after vaccination. No case of COVID-19 occurred during the vaccination-to-test period. Conclusions: A high immune response, especially among vaccinated convalescents (i.e., residents with hybrid immunity), was found in elderly nursing home residents 5–7 months after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In view of this, it appears that such residents are much better protected from COVID-19 than those who are only vaccinated and the matter of individual approach to the booster dose in such individuals should be further discussed.
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Mencoboni M, Fontana V, Damiani A, Spitaleri A, Raso A, Bottaro LC, Rossi G, Canobbio L, La Camera A, Filiberti RA, Taveggia P, Cavo A. Antibody Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Oncologic and Hematologic Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3364-3374. [PMID: 35621663 PMCID: PMC9139308 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on immune responses in cancer patients following mRNA COVID-19 vaccines is still insufficient, but generally, patients had impaired serological responses, especially those with hematological malignancies. We evaluated serological response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy compared with healthy controls. METHODS In total, 195 cancer patients and 400 randomly selected controls who had been administered a Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines in two doses were compared. The threshold of positivity was 4.33 BAU/mL. Patients were receiving anticancer treatment after the first and second dose of the vaccines. RESULTS a TOTAL OF 169 patients (87%) had solid tumors and 26 hemolymphopoietic diseases. Seropositivity rate was lower in patients than controls (91% vs. 96%), with an age/gender-adjusted rate ratio (RR) of 0.95 (95% CL = 0.89-1.02). Positivity was found in 97% of solid cancers and in 50% of hemolymphopoietic tumors. Both advanced and adjuvant therapy seemed to slightly reduce seropositivity rates in patients when compared to controls (RR = 0.97, 95% CL = 0.89-1.06; RR = 0.94, 95% CL = 0.87-1.01). CONCLUSIONS the response to vaccination is similar in patients affected by solid tumors to controls. On the contrary, hemolymphopietic patients show a much lower response than controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Mencoboni
- Oncology Unit, ASL 3, Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso Scassi 1, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.); (A.L.C.); (P.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 12, 16100 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Azzurra Damiani
- Oncology Unit, ASL 3, Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso Scassi 1, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.); (A.L.C.); (P.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Spitaleri
- Analysis Laboratory, ASL 3, Via Bertani 4, 16125 Genoa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessandro Raso
- Analysis Laboratory, ASL 3, Via Bertani 4, 16125 Genoa, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Giovanni Rossi
- Oncology Unit, Antero Micone Hospital, Largo Nevio Rosso 2, 16100 Genoa, Italy; (G.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Luciano Canobbio
- Oncology Unit, Antero Micone Hospital, Largo Nevio Rosso 2, 16100 Genoa, Italy; (G.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Antonella La Camera
- Oncology Unit, ASL 3, Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso Scassi 1, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.); (A.L.C.); (P.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Rosa Angela Filiberti
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 12, 16100 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Paola Taveggia
- Oncology Unit, ASL 3, Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso Scassi 1, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.); (A.L.C.); (P.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessia Cavo
- Oncology Unit, ASL 3, Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso Scassi 1, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.); (A.L.C.); (P.T.); (A.C.)
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332
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Simsek M, Yasin AI, Besiroglu M, Topcu A, Isleyen ZS, Seker M, Turk HM. The Efficacy of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and CoronaVac Vaccines in Patients with Cancer. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4138-4143. [PMID: 35513241 PMCID: PMC9348062 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although vaccination is efficacious and prevents infection in the general population, there is limited data about Coronavirus disease‐19 (Covid‐19) occurrence after vaccination in cancer patients. It was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and CoronaVac vaccines against Covid‐19 in patients with cancer. In this single‐center, retrospective, cross‐sectional, and descriptive study, the data of cancer patients referred to the medical oncology clinic of a university hospital were analyzed. The sample of the study consisted of cancer patients who had Covid‐19 or were vaccinated against Covid‐19. A total number of 2578 patients were included in the study. Of the patients, 2000 have never been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and 578 patients have had a positive reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for Covid‐19. It was found that 2094 patients (81.2%) were fully vaccinated, and 484 patients (18.8%) did not receive full‐dose vaccination. A statistically significant difference in Covid‐19 occurrence was found between the patients who had full‐dose vaccination or not (p = 0.000). In in‐group comparisons of full‐dose vaccinated patients, while no difference was observed between two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) and three doses of CoronaVac (p = 0.432), a statistically significant difference was observed between all other groups (p < 0.005). When the data of 578 patients who experienced Covid‐19 was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups who were full‐dose vaccinated and those who were not (p = 0.000). It is recommended that this vulnerable patient group should be prioritized in vaccination programs, and full‐dose vaccination (at least two doses of vaccines) should be completed as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Simsek
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Irem Yasin
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Besiroglu
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atakan Topcu
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Sucuoglu Isleyen
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Seker
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Mehmet Turk
- BezmialemVakif University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Oncology, Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
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333
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Zhao M, Slotkin R, Sheth AH, Pischel L, Kyriakides TC, Emu B, McNamara C, Shi Q, Delgobbo J, Xu J, Marhoffer E, Mercer-Falkoff A, Holleck J, Ardito D, Sutton RE, Gupta S. Clinical Variables Correlate with Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in an Adult, US-based Population. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.04.03.22273355. [PMID: 35411347 PMCID: PMC8996621 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.03.22273355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background We studied whether comorbid conditions impact strength and duration of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population. Methods Sera (pre-and-post-BNT162b2 vaccination) were tested serially up to 12 months after two doses of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2-anti-Spike neutralizing capacity by pseudotyping assay in 124 individuals; neutralizing titers were correlated to clinical variables with multivariate regression. Post-booster (third dose) effect was measured at 1 and 3 months in 72 and 88 subjects respectively. Results After completion of primary vaccine series, neutralizing antibody IC50 values were high at one month (14-fold increase from pre-vaccination), declined at six months (3.3-fold increase), and increased at one month post-booster (41.5-fold increase). Three months post-booster, IC50 decreased in COVID-naïve individuals (18-fold increase) and increased in prior COVID-19+ individuals (132-fold increase). Age >65 years (β=-0.94, p=0.001) and malignancy (β=-0.88, p=0.002) reduced strength of response at 1 month. Both strength and durability of response at 6 months, respectively, were negatively impacted by end-stage renal disease [(β=-1.10, p=0.004); (β=-0.66, p=0.014)], diabetes mellitus [(β=-0.57, p=0.032); (β=-0.44, p=0.028)], and systemic steroid use [(β=-0.066, p=0.032); (β=-0.55, p=0.037)]. Post-booster IC50 was robust against WA-1 and B.1.617.2, but the immune response decreased with malignancy (β =-0.68, p=0.03) and increased with prior COVID-19 (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion Multiple clinical factors impact the strength and duration of neutralization response post-primary series vaccination, but not the post-booster dose strength. Prior COVID-19 infection enhances the booster-dose response except in individuals with malignancy, suggesting a need for clinically guiding vaccine dosing regimens. Summary Multiple clinical factors impact the strength and duration of neutralization response post-primary series vaccination. All subjects, irrespective of prior COVID infection, benefited from a third dose. Malignancy decreased response following third dose, suggesting the importance of clinically guided vaccine regimens.
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334
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Li M, Wang H, Tian L, Pang Z, Yang Q, Huang T, Fan J, Song L, Tong Y, Fan H. COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:146. [PMID: 35504917 PMCID: PMC9062866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOC), the implementation of vaccination is critically important. Existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, and mRNA vaccines may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses and germinal center responses, and form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some viral vector or mRNA vaccines may be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia and myocarditis, raising concerns about the safety of these COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we systemically assess the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, including the possible complications and different effects on pregnant women, the elderly, people with immune diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, and cancer patients. Based on the current analysis, governments and relevant agencies are recommended to continue to advance the vaccine immunization process. Simultaneously, special attention should be paid to the health status of the vaccines, timely treatment of complications, vaccine development, and ensuring the lives and health of patients. In addition, available measures such as mix-and-match vaccination, developing new vaccines like nanoparticle vaccines, and optimizing immune adjuvant to improve vaccine safety and efficacy could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zehan Pang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qingkun Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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335
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Trigueros M, Pradenas E, Palacín D, Muñoz-López F, Ávila-Nieto C, Trinité B, Bonet-Simó JM, Isnard M, Moreno N, Marfil S, Rovirosa C, Puig T, Grau E, Chamorro A, Martinez A, Toledo R, Font M, Ara J, Carrillo J, Mateu L, Blanco J, Clotet B, Prat N, Massanella M. Reduced humoral response 3 months following BNT162b2 vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 uninfected residents of long-term care facilities. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6589805. [PMID: 35595256 PMCID: PMC9122645 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is the most effective strategy to protect older residents of long-term care facilities (LTCF) against severe COVID-19, but primary vaccine responses are less effective in older adults. Here, we characterised the humoral responses of institutionalised seniors 3 months after they had received the mRNA/BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods plasma levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific total IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies were measured before and 3 months after vaccination in older residents of LTCF. Neutralisation capacity was assessed in a pseudovirus neutralisation assay against the original WH1 and later B.1.617.2/Delta variants. A group of younger adults was used as a reference group. Results three months after vaccination, uninfected older adults presented reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels and a significantly lower neutralisation capacity against the WH1 and Delta variants compared with vaccinated uninfected younger individuals. In contrast, COVID-19-recovered older adults showed significantly higher SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG levels after vaccination than their younger counterparts, whereas showing similar neutralisation activity against the WH1 virus and an increased neutralisation capacity against the Delta variant. Although, similarly to younger individuals, previously infected older adults elicit potent cross-reactive immune responses, higher quantities of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies are required to reach the same neutralisation levels. Conclusions although hybrid immunity seems to be active in previously infected older adults 3 months after mRNA/BNT162b2 vaccination, humoral immune responses are diminished in COVID-19 uninfected but vaccinated older residents of LTCF. These results suggest that a vaccine booster dose should be prioritised for this particularly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macedonia Trigueros
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Edwards Pradenas
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dolors Palacín
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària - Metropolitana Nord, 08023 Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco Muñoz-López
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Ávila-Nieto
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Trinité
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Mar Isnard
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària - Metropolitana Nord, 08023 Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nemesio Moreno
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària - Metropolitana Nord, 08023 Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Marfil
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Rovirosa
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Grau
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Chamorro
- Fight against AIDS Foundation (FLS), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Fight against AIDS Foundation (FLS), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ruth Toledo
- Fight against AIDS Foundation (FLS), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Font
- Fight against AIDS Foundation (FLS), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Ara
- Gerencia Territorial de la Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateu
- Fight against AIDS Foundation (FLS), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Fight against AIDS Foundation (FLS), Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500, Vic, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nuria Prat
- Direcció d'Atenció Primària - Metropolitana Nord, 08023 Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Massanella
- IrsiCaixa-AIDS Research Institute and Germans Trias i Pujol Health Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
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336
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Fox-Fisher I, Piyanzin S, Briller M, Oiknine-Djian E, Alfi O, Ben-Ami R, Peretz A, Neiman D, Ochana BL, Fridlich O, Drawshy Z, Klochendler A, Magenheim J, Share D, Avrahami R, Ribak Y, Talmon A, Rubin L, Milman N, Segev M, Feldman E, Tal Y, Shen-Orr SS, Glaser B, Shemer R, Wolf D, Dor Y. B-cell-derived cfDNA after primary BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination anticipates memory B-cells and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. MED 2022; 3:468-480.e5. [PMID: 35716665 PMCID: PMC9117261 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Conclusions Funding To understand the turnover of immune cells following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, Fox-Fisher et al. analyzed fragments of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) that are released from dying immune cells to blood. The levels of B cell cfDNA after the primary dose correlated with neutralizing antibodies and memory B cells after the booster, revealing that early B cell turnover—potentially reflecting affinity maturation—affects later development of effective antibodies. They also observed co-elevation of lymphocyte and monocyte cfDNA after the booster, underscoring the involvement of innate immune cell turnover in the development of humoral and cellular adaptive immunity. cfDNA biomarkers open a new window into human immune cell dynamics in response to perturbations.
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337
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Why are children less affected than adults by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection? Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:555-557. [PMID: 35332299 PMCID: PMC8943348 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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338
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The Effect of Waning on Antibody Levels and Memory B Cell Recall following SARS-CoV-2 Infection or Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050696. [PMID: 35632452 PMCID: PMC9143792 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to longitudinally track SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels after vaccination or infection, we assessed anti-RBD antibody levels in over 1000 people and found no significant decrease in antibody levels during the first 14 months after infection in unvaccinated participants, however, a significant waning of antibody levels was observed following vaccination. Participants who were pre-immune to SARS-CoV-2 prior to vaccination seroconverted to higher antibody levels, which were maintained at higher levels than in previously infected, unvaccinated participants. Older participants exhibited lower level of antibodies after vaccination, but a higher level after infection than younger people. The rate of antibody waning was not affected by pre-immunity or age. Participants who received a third dose of an mRNA vaccine not only increased their antibody levels ~14-fold, but also had ~3 times more antibodies compared to when they received their primary vaccine series. PBMC-derived memory B cells from 13 participants who lost all circulating antibodies were differentiated into antibody secreting cells (ASCs). There was a significant recall of memory B cell ASCs in the absence of serum antibodies in 5–8 of the 10 vaccinated participants, but not in any of the 3 infected participants, suggesting a strong connection between antibody levels and the effectiveness of memory B cell recall.
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339
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Simon B, Rubey H, Gromann M, Knopf-Völkerer A, Hemedi B, Zehetmayer S, Kirsch B. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody and T Cell Response after a Third Vaccine Dose in Hemodialysis Patients Compared with Healthy Controls. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050694. [PMID: 35632450 PMCID: PMC9145549 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemodialysis (HD) patients have an increased risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we assess the impact of a third vaccine dose (3D) on antibody levels and T cell response in HD patients and a healthy control group in a prospective cohort study consisting of 60 HD patients and 65 healthy controls. Each participant received two doses of the BNT-162b2 mRNA vaccine and an mRNA vaccine 3D. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was measured 6 months after the second vaccine dose and 6 to 8 weeks after the 3D. We assessed INF-γ secretion 6–8 weeks post 3D in 24 healthy controls, 17 HD patients with a normal response, and 20 low responder HD patients. The groups were compared using univariate quantile regressions and multiple analyses. After the 3D, the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody and INF-γ titers of most HD patients were comparable to those of healthy controls. A subgroup of HD patients who had shown a diminished antibody response after the first two vaccine doses developed a significantly lower antibody and INF-γ response compared to responder HD patients and controls even after the 3D. A new strategy is needed to protect low/non-responder HD patients from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Simon
- Institute for Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Mistelbach-Gänserndorf State Clinic, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Harald Rubey
- Institute for Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Mistelbach-Gänserndorf State Clinic, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Martin Gromann
- Department for Internal Medicine III-Nephrology and Diabetology, Mistelbach-Gänserndorf State Clinic, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Astrid Knopf-Völkerer
- Department for Internal Medicine III-Nephrology and Diabetology, Mistelbach-Gänserndorf State Clinic, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
| | - Boris Hemedi
- Department for Internal Medicine, Hainburg State Clinic, 2410 Hainburg, Austria
| | - Sonja Zehetmayer
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kirsch
- Department for Internal Medicine III-Nephrology and Diabetology, Mistelbach-Gänserndorf State Clinic, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
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Hernández-Luis P, Aguilar R, Pelegrin-Pérez J, Ruiz-Olalla G, García-Basteiro AL, Tortajada M, Moncunill G, Dobaño C, Angulo A, Engel P. Decreased and Heterogeneous Neutralizing Antibody Responses Against RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Variants After mRNA Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816389. [PMID: 35464418 PMCID: PMC9019072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerging variants raises concerns about their capacity to evade immune protection provided by natural infection or vaccination. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies, and viral variants accumulate mutations in this region. In this study, we determined the antibody neutralization capacity against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants Alpha (B.1.1.7), Gamma (P.1), Epsilon (B.1.427), Kappa (B.1.617.1), and Delta (B.1.617.2) in a cohort of healthcare workers naturally infected or receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech. We show that the five RBD variants displayed an augmented binding to ACE2 compared to the original Wuhan strain. The most significant increase was observed in variants Epsilon and Delta, containing mutation L452R. Using a flow cytometry cell-based assay, we found that SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects presented low levels of RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies against all variants analyzed, except Alpha. However, the neutralizing activity incremented considerably after a subsequent mRNA-vaccine dose, to levels significantly higher than those in naïve individuals receiving two vaccine doses. Importantly, we observed partially impaired neutralizing responses against most variants in fully vaccinated individuals. Variants Gamma and Kappa encompassing RBD E484K/Q mutations presented the highest neutralizing resistance. Furthermore, a wide heterogeneity in the magnitude of RBD-specific neutralizing responses against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants following both mRNA vaccines was detected. Altogether, our findings provide important knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced immunity, and should be very useful to guide future vaccination regimens and personalized vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernández-Luis
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Pelegrin-Pérez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Ruiz-Olalla
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto L García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacão em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Tortajada
- Occupational Health Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECT), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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341
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Markewitz RDH, Juhl D, Pauli D, Görg S, Junker R, Rupp J, Engel S, Steinhagen K, Herbst V, Zapf D, Krüger C, Brockmann C, Leypoldt F, Dargvainiene J, Schomburg B, Sharifzadeh SR, Salek Nejad L, Wandinger KP, Ziemann M. Differences in Immunogenicity of Three Different Homo- and Heterologous Vaccination Regimens against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050649. [PMID: 35632405 PMCID: PMC9145236 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to findings on adverse reactions and clinical efficacy of different vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2, the administration of vaccination regimens containing both adenoviral vector vaccines and mRNA-based vaccines has become common. Data are still needed on the direct comparison of immunogenicity for these different regimens. Methods: We compared markers for immunogenicity (anti-S1 IgG/IgA, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell response) with three different vaccination regimens (homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (n = 103), or mixture of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 with mRNA-1273 (n = 116) or BNT162b2 (n = 105)) at two time points: the day of the second vaccination as a baseline and 14 days later. Results: All examined vaccination regimens elicited measurable immune responses that were significantly enhanced after the second dose. Homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was markedly inferior in immunogenicity to all other examined regimens after administration of the second dose. Between the heterologous regimens, mRNA-1273 as second dose induced greater antibody responses than BNT162b2, with no difference found for neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response. Discussion: While these findings allow no prediction about clinical protection, from an immunological point of view, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with an mRNA-based vaccine at one or both time points appears preferable to homologous vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Whether or not the demonstrated differences between the heterologous regimens are of clinical significance will be subject to further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Daniel Heinrich Markewitz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-00-16315
| | - David Juhl
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (D.J.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Daniela Pauli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (D.J.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ralf Junker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Sarah Engel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany; (K.S.); (V.H.); (D.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Victor Herbst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany; (K.S.); (V.H.); (D.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Dorinja Zapf
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany; (K.S.); (V.H.); (D.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Christina Krüger
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany; (K.S.); (V.H.); (D.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Christian Brockmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (D.J.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Justina Dargvainiene
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Benjamin Schomburg
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Shahpour Reza Sharifzadeh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Lukas Salek Nejad
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (D.P.); (R.J.); (F.L.); (J.D.); (B.S.); (S.R.S.); (L.S.N.); (K.-P.W.)
| | - Malte Ziemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (D.J.); (S.G.); (C.B.); (M.Z.)
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342
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Bai J, Chiba A, Murayama G, Kuga T, Tamura N, Miyake S. Sex, Age, and Ethnic Background Shape Adaptive Immune Responses Induced by the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:786586. [PMID: 35418996 PMCID: PMC8995562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.786586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine-induced adaptive responses have been well investigated. However, the effects of sex, age, and ethnic background on the immune responses elicited by the mRNA vaccine remain unclear. Here, we performed comprehensive analyses of adaptive immune responses elicited by the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine-induced antibody and T cell responses declined over time but persisted after 3 months, and switched memory B cells were even increased. Spike-specific CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell responses were decreased against the B.1.351 variant, but not against B.1.1.7. Interestingly, T cell reactivity against B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.2 variants was decreased in individuals carrying HLA-A24, suggesting adaptive immune responses against variants are influenced by different HLA haplotypes. T follicular helper cell responses declined with increasing age in both sexes, but age-related decreases in antibody levels were observed only in males, and this was associated with the decline of T peripheral helper cell responses. In contrast, vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses were enhanced in older males. Taken together, these findings highlight that significant differences in the reactogenicity of the adaptive immune system elicited by mRNA vaccine were related to factors including sex, age, and ethnic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Chiba
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Kuga
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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343
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Bai S, Dhrolia M, Qureshi H, Qureshi R, Nasir K, Ahmad A. Comparison of COVID-19 Inactivated Virus Vaccine Immunogenicity Between Healthy Individuals and Patients on Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Study From Pakistan. Cureus 2022; 14:e24153. [PMID: 35582560 PMCID: PMC9107616 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study compares the immune response after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated virus vaccine between healthy individuals (HI) and patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods In this cross-sectional, comparative study, the presence or absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-S antibody and IgG anti-S antibody titer was compared between HI, and patients on HD after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 81 participants, 50 (61.7%) HD patients and 31 (38.3%) HI, were studied. The mean age was 52.9±12 in HD patients and 42±12.4 in HI. Vaccination responder rates were 80.6% in HI and 72% in HD patients after the first dose (p=0.38) and 93.5% in HI and 94% in HD at the third week of the second dose of the vaccine (p=0.93). The mean IgG antibody titer was 156.3±113.8 in HI and 143.4 ± 117.8 in HD patients (p=0.538) after the first dose and 186.7 ± 97.9 in HI and 180.6 ± 105.8 in HD patients (p=0.552) at three weeks of the second dose. No statistically significant difference was found in antibody titer with respect to gender, age, vaccine (BBIBP-CorV or Conovac), and hypertension. Diabetic HD patients had a lower antibody titer than non-diabetic HD patients (p=0.03) while participants who had a history of COVID-19 infection had a higher IgG titer (p = 0.001). The levels of IgG titer in the same patient increased, corresponding to the doses of vaccine (p <0.001). No HD patient developed COVID-19 infection till the third week of vaccination. Conclusion This study demonstrates a similar humoral response after COVID-19 inactivated virus vaccination in HD patients and HI. The response was lower among diabetic patients on HD and better in those with previous COVID-19 infection.
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344
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Livanou E, Rouka E, Sinis S, Dimeas I, Pantazopoulos I, Papagiannis D, Malli F, Kotsiou O, Gourgoulianis KI. Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike Antibody Responses on Admission and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Disease in Fully Vaccinated Inpatients: The CoVax Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040640. [PMID: 35455756 PMCID: PMC9027658 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown high efficacy in protecting against COVID-19, although the determinants of vaccine effectiveness and breakthrough rates are yet to be determined. We aimed at investigating several factors affecting the SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike (S) antibody responses on admission and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease in fully vaccinated, hospitalized patients. Methods: 102 subjects were enrolled in the study. Blood serum samples were collected from each patient upon admission for the semiquantitative determination of the SARS-CoV-2 IgG S levels with lateral flow assays. Factors influencing vaccine responses were documented. Results: 27 subjects had a negative antibody test upon hospital admission. Out of the 102 patients admitted to the hospital, 88 were discharged and 14 died. Both the absence of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease were associated with older age, lower Ct values, and a shorter period between symptom onset and hospital admission. Ct values and time between symptom onset and hospitalization were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 IgG S responses upon admission. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio was identified as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: Host- and disease-associated factors can predict SARS-CoV-2 IgG S responses and mortality in hospitalized patients with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Livanou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Erasmia Rouka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sotirios Sinis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ilias Dimeas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.P.); (F.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Foteini Malli
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.P.); (F.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Ourania Kotsiou
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (D.P.); (F.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.L.); (S.S.); (I.D.); (I.P.); (K.I.G.)
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345
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Furian L, Russo FP, Zaza G, Burra P, Hartzell S, Bizzaro D, Di Bello M, Di Bella C, Nuzzolese E, Agnolon C, Florman S, Rana M, Lee JH, Kim Y, Maggiore U, Maltzman JS, Cravedi P. Differences in Humoral and Cellular Vaccine Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853682. [PMID: 35493446 PMCID: PMC9047689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibody and T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have not been formally compared between kidney and liver transplant recipients. Using a multiplex assay, we measured IgG levels against 4 epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid (NC) antigen, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and common coronaviruses in serial blood samples from 52 kidney and 50 liver transplant recipients undergoing mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We quantified IFN-γ/IL-2 T cells reactive against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by FluoroSpot. We used multivariable generalized linear models to adjust for the differences in immunosuppression between groups. In liver transplant recipients, IgG levels against every SARS-CoV-2 spike epitope increased significantly more than in kidney transplant recipients (MFI: 19,617 vs 6,056; P<0.001), a difference that remained significant after adjustments. Vaccine did not affect IgG levels against NC nor common coronaviruses. Elicited antibodies recognized all variants tested but at significantly lower strength than the original Wuhan strain. Anti-spike IFN-γ-producing T cells increased significantly more in liver than in kidney transplant recipients (IFN-γ-producing T cells 28 vs 11 spots/5x105 cells), but this difference lost statistical significance after adjustments. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine elicits a stronger antibody response in liver than in kidney transplant recipients, a phenomenon that is not entirely explained by the different immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Furian
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Unit of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit-Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit-Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Susan Hartzell
- Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Debora Bizzaro
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit-Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marianna Di Bello
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Unit of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Bella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Unit of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Nuzzolese
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Unit of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Clara Agnolon
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit-Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sander Florman
- Recanati-Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jar-How Lee
- Terasaki Innovation Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yesl Kim
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Umberto Maggiore
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma, Unita’ Operativa (UO) Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jonathan S. Maltzman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Paolo Cravedi,
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346
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Hosseinian S, Powers K, Vasudev M, Palma AM, de Assis R, Jain A, Horvath P, Birring PS, Andary R, Au C, Chin B, Khalil G, Ventura J, Luu MK, Figueroa C, Obiero JM, Silzel E, Nakajima R, Gombrich WT, Jasinskas A, Zaldivar F, Schubl S, Felgner PL, Khan S. Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Vaccinated Health Care Workers Analyzed by Coronavirus Antigen Microarray. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817345. [PMID: 35493473 PMCID: PMC9040070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide conflicting evidence on the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 immunity induced by mRNA vaccines. Here, we aim to quantify the persistence of humoral immunity following vaccination using a coronavirus antigen microarray that includes 10 SARS-CoV-2 antigens. In a prospective longitudinal cohort of 240 healthcare workers, composite SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels did not wane significantly over a 6-month study period. In the subset of the study population previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 based on seropositivity for nucleocapsid antibodies, higher composite anti-spike IgG levels were measured before the vaccine but no significant difference from unexposed individuals was observed at 6 months. Age, vaccine type, or worker role did not significantly impact composite IgG levels, although non-significant trends towards lower antibody levels in older participants and higher antibody levels with Moderna vaccine were observed at 6 months. A small subset of our cohort were classified as having waning antibody titers at 6 months, and these individuals were less likely to work in patient care roles and more likely to have prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hosseinian
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Powers
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Milind Vasudev
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Anton M. Palma
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rafael de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Aarti Jain
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Peter Horvath
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Rana Andary
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Connie Au
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Chin
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ghali Khalil
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenny Ventura
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Madeleine K. Luu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Cesar Figueroa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joshua M. Obiero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Emily Silzel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Algis Jasinskas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Frank Zaldivar
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian Schubl
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Philip L. Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Saahir Khan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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347
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Lee HK, Knabl L, Walter M, Furth PA, Hennighausen L. Limited cross-variant immune response from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 in naïve but not previously infected outpatients.. [PMID: 35441161 PMCID: PMC9016656 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.07.22273565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Omicron is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and several sublineages have emerged. Questions remain about the impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure on cross-variant immune responses elicited by BA.2 infection compared to BA.1. Here we show that without previous history of COVID-19, BA.2 infection induces a reduced immune response against all variants of concern (VOC) compared to BA.1 infection. The absence of ACE2 binding in sera of previously naïve BA.1 and BA.2 patients indicates a lack of meaningful neutralization. In contrast, anti-spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity greatly increased in the BA.1 and BA.2 patients with a previous history of COVID-19. Transcriptome analyses of peripheral immune cells showed significant differences in immune response and specific antibody generation between BA.1 and BA.2 patients as well as significant differences in expression of specific immune genes. In summary, prior infection status significantly impacts the innate and adaptive immune response against VOC following BA.2 infection.
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348
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Keshavarz B, Richards NE, Workman LJ, Patel J, Muehling LM, Canderan G, Murphy DD, Brovero SG, Ailsworth SM, Eschenbacher WH, McGowan EC, Mann BJ, Nelson MR, Kadl A, Woodfolk JA, Platts-Mills TAE, Wilson JM. Trajectory of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 After Vaccination With BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in an Employee Cohort and Comparison With Natural Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850987. [PMID: 35386716 PMCID: PMC8978955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three COVID-19 vaccines have received FDA-authorization and are in use in the United States, but there is limited head-to-head data on the durability of the immune response elicited by these vaccines. Using a quantitative assay we studied binding IgG antibodies elicited by BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or Ad26.COV2.S in an employee cohort over a span out to 10 months. Age and sex were explored as response modifiers. Of 234 subjects in the vaccine cohort, 114 received BNT162b2, 114 received mRNA-1273 and six received Ad26.COV2.S. IgG levels measured between seven to 20 days after the second vaccination were similar in recipients of BNT162b2 and mRNA-127 and were ~50-fold higher than in recipients of Ad26.COV2.S. However, by day 21 and at later time points IgG levels elicited by BNT162b2 were lower than mRNA-1273. Accordingly, the IgG decay curve was steeper for BNT162b2 than mRNA-1273. Age was a significant modifier of IgG levels in recipients of BNT162b2, but not mRNA-1273. After six months, IgG levels elicited by BNT162b2, but not mRNA-1273, were lower than IgG levels in patients who had been hospitalized with COVID-19 six months earlier. Similar findings were observed when comparing vaccine-elicited antibodies with steady-state IgG targeting seasonal human coronaviruses. Differential IgG decay could contribute to differences observed in clinical protection over time between BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Keshavarz
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nathan E Richards
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lisa J Workman
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jaimin Patel
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lyndsey M Muehling
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Deborah D Murphy
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Savannah G Brovero
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Samuel M Ailsworth
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Will H Eschenbacher
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Emily C McGowan
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Barbara J Mann
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael R Nelson
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alexandra Kadl
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Judith A Woodfolk
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas A E Platts-Mills
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Wilson
- Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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349
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Rzymski P, Pazgan-Simon M, Kamerys J, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Sikorska K, Wernik J, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Supronowicz Ł, Sobala-Szczygieł B, Skrzat-Klapaczyńska A, Simon K, Piekarska A, Czupryna P, Pawłowska M, Brzdęk M, Jaroszewicz J, Kowalska J, Renke M, Flisiak R. Severe Breakthrough COVID-19 Cases during Six Months of Delta Variant (B.1.617.2) Domination in Poland. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:557. [PMID: 35455306 PMCID: PMC9025315 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a highly transmissible and a more pathogenic B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has brought concern over COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and the increased risk of severe breakthrough infections. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency and the clinical characteristics of severe breakthrough COVID-19 cases recorded in 10 Polish healthcare units between 1 June and 31 December 2021, a period during which a rapid surge in the share of B.1.617.2 infections was seen, while a significant number of populations were already fully vaccinated. Overall, 723 individuals who completed the initial vaccination regime (fully vaccinated group) and an additional 18 who received a booster dose were identified—together, they represented 20.8% of all the COVID-19 patients hospitalized during the same period in the same healthcare institutions (0.5% in the case of a group that received a booster dose). Although laboratory and clinical parameters did not differ between both groups, patients who received a booster tended to have lower CRP, IL-6, PCT, and d-dimer levels and they required oxygen therapy less frequently. The most common early COVID-19 symptoms in the studied group were fatigue, cough, fever (>38 °C), and dyspnea. Individuals with no detectable anti-spike IgG antibodies constituted 13%; the odds of being a humoral non-responder to the vaccine were increased in patients aged >70 years. Fully vaccinated patients hospitalized after more than 180 days from the last vaccine dose were significantly older and they were predominantly represented by individuals over 70 years and with comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Contrary to mRNA vaccines, most patients vaccinated with adenoviral vector vaccines were infected within six months. A total of 102 fatal cases (14% of all deaths among vaccinated individuals; 0.7% in the case of a group that received a booster dose) were recorded, representing 17.6% of all the COVID-19 fatalities recorded in June−December 2021 in the considered healthcare units. The odds of death were significantly increased in men, individuals aged >70 years, patients with comorbidities, and those identified as humoral non-responders to vaccination; in fully vaccinated patients the odds were also increased when the second vaccine dose was given >180 days before the first COVID-19 symptoms. The mortality rate in immunocompromised subjects was 19%. The results indicate that compared to vaccinated individuals, severe COVID-19 and deaths in the unvaccinated group were significantly more prevalent during the B.1.617.2-dominated wave in Poland; and, it highlight the protective role of a booster dose, particularly for more vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Pazgan-Simon
- 1st Infectious Diseases Ward, Gromkowski Regional Specialist Hospital, 50-149 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wrocław Medical University, 51-149 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Kamerys
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (P.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Sikorska
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wernik
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (J.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (D.Z.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Łukasz Supronowicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Barbara Sobala-Szczygieł
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (B.S.-S.); (J.J.)
| | - Agata Skrzat-Klapaczyńska
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Simon
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Wrocław Medical University, 51-149 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Piekarska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Łódź, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (P.C.)
| | - Małgorzata Pawłowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (J.W.); (M.P.)
| | - Michał Brzdęk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland; (D.Z.-M.); (M.B.)
| | - Jerzy Jaroszewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (B.S.-S.); (J.J.)
| | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marcin Renke
- Division of Occupational, Metabolic and Internal Diseases, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (Ł.S.); (R.F.)
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350
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Uhrlaub JL, Jergović M, Bradshaw CM, Sonar S, Coplen CP, Dudakov J, Murray KO, Lanteri MC, Busch MP, van den Brink MRM, Nikolich‐Žugich J. Quantitative restoration of immune defense in old animals determined by naive antigen-specific CD8 T-cell numbers. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13582. [PMID: 35289071 PMCID: PMC9009107 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Older humans and animals often exhibit reduced immune responses to infection and vaccination, and this often directly correlates to the numbers and frequency of naive T (Tn) cells. We found such a correlation between reduced numbers of blood CD8+ Tn cells and severe clinical outcomes of West Nile virus (WNV) in both humans naturally exposed to, and mice experimentally infected with, WNV. To examine possible causality, we sought to increase the number of CD8 Tn cells by treating C57BL/6 mice with IL-7 complexes (IL-7C, anti-IL-7 mAb bound to IL-7), shown previously to efficiently increase peripheral T-cell numbers by homeostatic proliferation. T cells underwent robust expansion following IL-7C administration to old mice increasing the number of total T cells (>fourfold) and NS4b:H-2Db -restricted antigen-specific CD8 T cells (twofold). This improved the numbers of NS4b-specific CD8 T cells detected at the peak of the response against WNV, but not survival of WNV challenge. IL-7C-treated old animals also showed no improvement in WNV-specific effector immunity (neutralizing antibody and in vivo T-cell cytotoxicity). To test quantitative limits to which CD8 Tn cell restoration could improve protective immunity, we transferred graded doses of Ag-specific precursors into old mice and showed that injection of 5400 (but not of 1800 or 600) adult naive WNV-specific CD8 T cells significantly increased survival after WNV. These results set quantitative limits to the level of Tn reconstitution necessary to improve immune defense in older organisms and are discussed in light of targets of immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Uhrlaub
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA,University of ArizonaCenter on AgingUniversity of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Mladen Jergović
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA,University of ArizonaCenter on AgingUniversity of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Christine M. Bradshaw
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA,University of ArizonaCenter on AgingUniversity of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Sandip Sonar
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA,University of ArizonaCenter on AgingUniversity of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Christopher P. Coplen
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA,University of ArizonaCenter on AgingUniversity of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Jarrod Dudakov
- Program in ImmunologyClinical Research Division, and Immunotherapy Integrated Research CenterFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of ImmunologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Department of PediatricsSection of Pediatric Tropical Medicine and National School of Tropical MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA,William T. Shearer Center for Human ImmunobiologyTexas Children’s HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Marion C. Lanteri
- Blood Systems Research InstituteVitalant Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research InstituteVitalant Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcel R. M. van den Brink
- Department of Medicine and Immunology ProgramMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York CityUSA
| | - Janko Nikolich‐Žugich
- Department of ImmunobiologyUniversity of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonArizonaUSA,University of ArizonaCenter on AgingUniversity of ArizonaCollege of Medicine, TucsonTucsonArizonaUSA
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