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Md Zemberi NFN, Ismail MM, Abdullah MFIL. Exercise Interventions as the Primary Treatment for Depression: Evidence from a Narrative Review. Malays J Med Sci 2020; 27:5-23. [PMID: 33154698 PMCID: PMC7605827 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence supporting the efficacy of exercise interventions in the treatment of depression, which is a growing global health concern. However, data on the efficacy of exercise as the primary treatment for depression are scarce. This narrative review explored the efficacy of exercise interventions as the primary treatment for depressive disorders. A comprehensive search for English-language literature published between January 1965 and November 2019 was conducted via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane database and Medline. Thirteen randomised control trials (RCTs) were included in the final analysis. Their results indicated that supervised aerobic exercise and high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) were effective in ameliorating depressive symptoms as the primary treatment compared with control groups, but they were not superior to other active treatments, such as antidepressants and cognitive behavioural therapy. Aerobic exercise and high-intensity PRT may be a promising primary treatment for depression as they may induce biopsychosocial effects (effects on neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, monoamine, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, self-efficacy, mastery experience, adaptive coping and social interaction), which may ameliorate the severity of depressive symptoms. However, future RCTs with more comprehensive and well-designed methodologies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatin Nabilah Md Zemberi
- Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mokhzani Ismail
- Lifestyle Science Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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302
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Heijdra Suasnabar JM, Hipple Walters B. Community-based psychosocial substance use disorder interventions in low-and-middle-income countries: a narrative literature review. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:74. [PMID: 33062049 PMCID: PMC7542947 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health and substance use disorders (SUDs) are the world's leading cause of years lived with disability; in low-and-middle income countries (LIMCs), the treatment gap for SUDs is at least 75%. LMICs face significant structural, resource, political, and sociocultural barriers to scale-up SUD services in community settings. AIM This article aims to identify and describe the different types and characteristics of psychosocial community-based SUD interventions in LMICs, and describe what context-specific factors (policy, resource, sociocultural) may influence such interventions in their design, implementation, and/or outcomes. METHODS A narrative literature review was conducted to identify and discuss community-based SUD intervention studies from LMICs. Articles were identified via a search for abstracts on the MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, and PsycINFO databases. A preliminary synthesis of findings was developed, which included a description of the study characteristics (such as setting, intervention, population, target SUD, etc.); thereafter, a thematic analysis was conducted to describe the themes related to the aims of this review. RESULTS Fifteen intervention studies were included out of 908 abstracts screened. The characteristics of the included interventions varied considerably. Most of the psychosocial interventions were brief interventions. Approximately two thirds of the interventions were delivered by trained lay healthcare workers. Nearly half of the interventions targeted SUDs in addition to other health priorities (HIV, tuberculosis, intimate partner violence). All of the interventions were implemented in middle income countries (i.e. none in low-income countries). The political, resource, and/or sociocultural factors that influenced the interventions are discussed, although findings were significantly limited across studies. CONCLUSION Despite this review's limitations, its findings present relevant considerations for future SUD intervention developers, researchers, and decision-makers with regards to planning, implementing and adapting community-based SUD interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Manuel Heijdra Suasnabar
- Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Public Health for Development, London, UK
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303
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Lawrence-Bourne J, Dalton H, Perkins D, Farmer J, Luscombe G, Oelke N, Bagheri N. What Is Rural Adversity, How Does It Affect Wellbeing and What Are the Implications for Action? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7205. [PMID: 33019735 PMCID: PMC7578975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature recognises the profound impact of adversity on mental health outcomes for people living in rural and remote areas. With the cumulative effects of persistent drought, record-breaking bushfires, limited access to quality health services, the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing economic and social challenges, there is much to understand about the impact of adversity on mental health and wellbeing in rural populations. In this conceptual paper, we aim to review and adapt our existing understanding of rural adversity. We undertook a wide-ranging review of the literature, sought insights from multiple disciplines and critically developed our findings with an expert disciplinary group from across Australia. We propose that rural adversity be understood using a rural ecosystem lens to develop greater clarity around the dimensions and experiences of adversity, and to help identify the opportunities for interventions. We put forward a dynamic conceptual model of the impact of rural adversity on mental health and wellbeing, and close with a discussion of the implications for policy and practice. Whilst this paper has been written from an Australian perspective, it has implications for rural communities internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Lawrence-Bourne
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia; (J.L.-B.); (H.D.)
| | - Hazel Dalton
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia; (J.L.-B.); (H.D.)
| | - David Perkins
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia; (J.L.-B.); (H.D.)
| | - Jane Farmer
- Social Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Georgina Luscombe
- School of Rural Health, University of Sydney, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia;
| | - Nelly Oelke
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada;
| | - Nasser Bagheri
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia;
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304
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Rappai R, V Cherian A, Lukose A, Vijayakumar L. Suicide research in India: An overview of four decades. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102191. [PMID: 32593971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a global phenomenon and a major public health concern and 'it is possibly preventable if it is well understood'. AIM The article is an attempt to understand 'suicide in India' with the existing literature and the lacuna for the four decades. METHODS The information is collected from 270 articles on suicide research in India, published in various electronic data bases and different official sites as surprisingly the nation is with highest suicide mortality rate among all regional countries. RESULTS The review shows an increase in the number of articles on suicide in India over the period of time. Though the suicide mortality rate in India is significantly high, the number of intervention studies remains very minimal. India's understanding about 'the concept' remains questionable as the data from different sources for the same time period shows a huge disparity. Sex, age, socio-economic status, substance abuse, mental illness, medical illness, psychological and environmental stressors etc make individuals vulnerable to end their lives. CONCLUSION Appropriate official documentation and more qualitative studies would help in understanding the phenomena better. Intervention studies and policy level changes are the need of the hour to save the nation from the dangerous 'iceberg of suicide'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rija Rappai
- Department of Psychiatric Social Wok, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anish V Cherian
- Department of Psychiatric Social Wok, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Ammu Lukose
- Center for Community Mental Health, Mangalore, India
| | - Lakshmi Vijayakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, VHS, SNEHA (Suicide Prevention Agency), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Hon Associate Professor, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Hon Associate Professor, University of Griffith, Southport, Australia
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305
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Pacific R, Martin HD, Kulwa K, Petrucka P. Contribution of Home and School Environment in Children's Food Choice and Overweight/Obesity Prevalence in African Context: Evidence for Creating Enabling Healthful Food Environment. PEDIATRIC HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2020; 11:283-295. [PMID: 32922118 PMCID: PMC7455532 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s257549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed primarily to investigate the current trends of overweight and obesity in school children in the African context, secondly to explore the contribution of home and school environments on the children’s food choices and lastly suggesting measures for creating a healthier food environment. Despite the increase in overweight and obesity among school children, empirical evidence on their determinants in the African context is scarce, thus calls for consideration of home and school environments. A literature search was conducted between October and December 2018 using Medline (PubMed), Directory of Open Access Journals, Google Scholar, manual search and “grey” literature. This review included articles published between the 1st January 2008 and 30th June 2018. Out of 343 articles, 49 were included for the full text reading after meeting the inclusion criteria. Five reports from grey literature were also included. Results show that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in Africa is increasing and ranges from <5% to >40% in the 10-year period in which the review was taken. High socio-economic status, urban residence and female gender predicted higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Few reviewed articles on the contribution of home and school environments on children’s food choices showed a shred of evidence, thus calls for further research to address this gap. This review found an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children in Africa. Therefore, further investigation of home and school environment is imperative to curb the increase in the magnitude of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renatha Pacific
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutrition Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.,Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Haikael D Martin
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Nutrition Sciences, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Kissa Kulwa
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Pammla Petrucka
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, SK, Canada
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306
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Feijen S, Tate A, Kuppens K, Barry LA, Struyf F. Monitoring the swimmer's training load: A narrative review of monitoring strategies applied in research. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2037-2043. [PMID: 32767794 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of injury during swim training and the increasing demands of the sports make monitoring of the swimmer's training load a key concept requiring further investigation. Research has previously introduced numerous methods for the purposes of monitoring the swimmer's training load, but a narrative review discussing the strengths and limitations of each method is lacking. Consequently, this narrative review aims to summarize the monitoring strategies that have been applied in research on competitive swimmers. This knowledge can assist professionals in the field in choosing which method is appropriate in their particular setting. The results from this study showed that external training load was predominantly obtained through real-life observation of the swimmers' training volume. However, research has investigated a number of internal load monitoring tools, including blood lactate, training heart rate, and perceived effort of training. To date, blood lactate markers are still considered most accurate and especially recommended at higher levels of competitive swimming or for those at greater risk of injury. Further, mood state profiling has been suggested as an early indicator of overtraining and may be applied at the lower competitive levels of swimming. Professionals in the field should consider the individual, the aim of the current training phase, and additional logistical issues when determining the appropriate monitoring strategy in their setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Feijen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Angela Tate
- Department of Physical Therapy, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Kuppens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lorna A Barry
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Filip Struyf
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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307
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Antonelli M, Donelli D, Barbieri G, Valussi M, Maggini V, Firenzuoli F. Forest Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Effects on Human Health: A State-of-the-Art Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186506. [PMID: 32906736 PMCID: PMC7559006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research work is to analyze the chemistry and diversity of forest VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and to outline their evidence-based effects on health. This research work was designed as a narrative overview of the scientific literature. Inhaling forest VOCs like limonene and pinene can result in useful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the airways, and the pharmacological activity of some terpenes absorbed through inhalation may be also beneficial to promote brain functions by decreasing mental fatigue, inducing relaxation, and improving cognitive performance and mood. The tree composition can markedly influence the concentration of specific VOCs in the forest air, which also exhibits cyclic diurnal variations. Moreover, beneficial psychological and physiological effects of visiting a forest cannot be solely attributed to VOC inhalation but are due to a global and integrated stimulation of the five senses, induced by all specific characteristics of the natural environment, with the visual component probably playing a fundamental role in the overall effect. Globally, these findings can have useful implications for individual wellbeing, public health, and landscape design. Further clinical and environmental studies are advised, since the majority of the existing evidence is derived from laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Terme di Monticelli, 43022 Monticelli Terme PR, Italy
- Institute of Public Health, University of Parma, 43125 Parma PR, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Donelli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
- AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia RE, Italy
| | - Grazia Barbieri
- Binini Partners S.r.l. Engineering and Architecture, 42121 Reggio Emilia RE, Italy;
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), Norwich NR3 1HG, UK;
| | - Valentina Maggini
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
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308
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de Jesus Leite MA, Gonçalves Á, Portari G, Oliveira CJ, Catarino J, Bortolini M, Penha-Silva N. Application of physical exercise therapies in breast cancer survivors and their effects on the inflammatory profile: A narrative review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2020; 24:536-545. [PMID: 33218558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the adverse effects of cancer treatments is the exacerbation of inflammation, which generates numerous limitations and contributes to the development of several comorbidities and the recurrence of cancer itself. Physical exercise (PE) has been proposed as an efficient complementary strategy to combat the inflammatory effects of oncological treatments and to prevent the development of comorbidities, but its adequate application in breast cancer survivors (BCS) requires the establishment of consensuses and practical recommendations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the randomized controlled trials that evaluated the influence of PE in the inflammatory profile of BCS. METHODS The search for articles published between 1999 and 2020 was done in PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. RESULTS Current knowledge reveals the effectiveness of PE in the functional independence and health of BCS. Evidence of the capacity of PE to improve the inflammatory profile and the immune response in BCS has also been described. However, the heterogeneity of the studies regarding structural training variables, types of exercise, stages of intervention, and severity of the disease, still do not allow the establishment of precise guidelines for the prescription and progression of exercise to improve the inflammatory process in BCS. DISCUSSION . This review suggests a possible strategy to be used in the assessment, training prescription, and rehabilitation of BCS, to support the development of new studies and the work of exercise professionals in the prescription and application of physical training to improve health and inflammatory status in BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álisson Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Portari
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlo José Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Miguel Bortolini
- Health and Sports Sciences Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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309
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Robertson EG, Cohen J, Signorelli C, Grant DM, Fardell JE, Wakefield CE. What instruments should we use to assess paediatric decision-making interventions? A narrative review. J Child Health Care 2020; 24:458-472. [PMID: 31450963 DOI: 10.1177/1367493519869717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing number of shared decision-making (SDM) interventions in paediatrics. However, there is little consensus as to the best instruments to assess the feasibility and impact of these interventions. This narrative review aims to answer: (1) what feasibility, knowledge and decision-making instruments have been used to assess paediatric SDM interventions and (2) what are the psychometric properties of used decision-making instruments, guided by the 'consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instrument' criteria. We conducted a review of the peer-reviewed literature. We identified 23 studies that evaluated a paediatric intervention to facilitate SDM for a specific health decision. Eighteen studies assessed intervention feasibility, with a wide variability in assessment between studies. Twelve studies assessed objective knowledge, and four studies assessed subjective knowledge with all but one study aggregating correct responses. We identified nine decision-making instruments that had been assessed psychometrically, although few had been thoroughly evaluated. The Decisional Conflict Scale was the most commonly-used instrument and the only instrument evaluated in paediatrics. Our study revealed a lack of consistency in the instruments used to evaluate decision-making interventions in paediatrics, making it difficult to compare interventions. We provide several recommendations for researchers to improve the assessment of SDM interventions in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden G Robertson
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Cohen
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christina Signorelli
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David M Grant
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Joanna E Fardell
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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310
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Personality and mountaineering: A critical review and directions for future research. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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311
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Gerassimidou S, Velis CA, Williams PT, Komilis D. Characterisation and composition identification of waste-derived fuels obtained from municipal solid waste using thermogravimetry: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:942-965. [PMID: 32705957 PMCID: PMC7498913 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20941085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is the most widespread thermal analytical technique applied to waste materials. By way of critical review, we establish a theoretical framework for the use of TGA under non-isothermal conditions for compositional analysis of waste-derived fuels from municipal solid waste (MSW) (solid recovered fuel (SRF), or refuse-derived fuel (RDF)). Thermal behaviour of SRF/RDF is described as a complex mixture of several components at multiple levels (including an assembly of prevalent waste items, materials, and chemical compounds); and, operating conditions applied to TGA experiments of SRF/RDF are summarised. SRF/RDF mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Polyvinyl chloride is also used in simulated samples, for its high chlorine content. We discuss the main limitations for TGA-based compositional analysis of SRF/RDF, due to inherently heterogeneous composition of MSW at multiple levels, overlapping degradation areas, and potential interaction effects among waste components and cross-contamination. Optimal generic TGA settings are highlighted (inert atmosphere and low heating rate (⩽10°C), sufficient temperature range for material degradation (⩾750°C), and representative amount of test portion). There is high potential to develop TGA-based composition identification and wider quality assurance and control methods using advanced thermo-analytical techniques (e.g. TGA with evolved gas analysis), coupled with statistical data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Costas A Velis
- School of Civil Engineering,
University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul T Williams
- School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dimitrios Komilis
- Department of Environmental
Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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312
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Jimenez G, Tyagi S, Osman T, Spinazze P, van der Kleij R, Chavannes NH, Car J. Improving the Primary Care Consultation for Diabetes and Depression Through Digital Medical Interview Assistant Systems: Narrative Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18109. [PMID: 32663144 PMCID: PMC7486669 DOI: 10.2196/18109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital medical interview assistant (DMIA) systems, also known as computer-assisted history taking (CAHT) systems, have the potential to improve the quality of care and the medical consultation by exploring more patient-related aspects without time constraints and, therefore, acquiring more and better-quality information prior to the face-to-face consultation. The consultation in primary care is the broadest in terms of the amount of topics to be covered and, at the same time, the shortest in terms of time spent with the patient. Objective Our aim is to explore how DMIA systems may be used specifically in the context of primary care, to improve the consultations for diabetes and depression, as exemplars of chronic conditions. Methods A narrative review was conducted focusing on (1) the characteristics of the primary care consultation in general, and for diabetes and depression specifically, and (2) the impact of DMIA and CAHT systems on the medical consultation. Through thematic analysis, we identified the characteristics of the primary care consultation that a DMIA system would be able to improve. Based on the identified primary care consultation tasks and the potential benefits of DMIA systems, we developed a sample questionnaire for diabetes and depression to illustrate how such a system may work. Results A DMIA system, prior to the first consultation, could aid in the essential primary care tasks of case finding and screening, diagnosing, and, if needed, timely referral to specialists or urgent care. Similarly, for follow-up consultations, this system could aid with the control and monitoring of these conditions, help check for additional health issues, and update the primary care provider about visits to other providers or further testing. Successfully implementing a DMIA system for these tasks would improve the quality of the data obtained, which means earlier diagnosis and treatment. Such a system would improve the use of face-to-face consultation time, thereby streamlining the interaction and allowing the focus to be the patient's needs, which ultimately would lead to better health outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, for such a system to be successfully incorporated, there are important considerations to be taken into account, such as the language to be used and the challenges for implementing eHealth innovations in primary care and health care in general. Conclusions Given the benefits explored here, we foresee that DMIA systems could have an important impact in the primary care consultation for diabetes and depression and, potentially, for other chronic conditions. Earlier case finding and a more accurate diagnosis, due to more and better-quality data, paired with improved monitoring of disease progress should improve the quality of care and keep the management of chronic conditions at the primary care level. A somewhat simple, easily scalable technology could go a long way to improve the health of the millions of people affected with chronic conditions, especially if working in conjunction with already-established health technologies such as electronic medical records and clinical decision support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geronimo Jimenez
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Shilpa Tyagi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tarig Osman
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Pier Spinazze
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Rianne van der Kleij
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niels H Chavannes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Josip Car
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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313
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Junkins CC, Kent E, Litzelman K, Bevans M, Cannady RS, Rosenberg AR. Cancer across the ages: a narrative review of caregiver burden for patients of all ages. J Psychosoc Oncol 2020; 38:782-798. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1796887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney C. Junkins
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Kent
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristin Litzelman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Margaret Bevans
- Office of Research on Women’s Heath, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel S. Cannady
- Cancer Control Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Abby R. Rosenberg
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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314
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Surgical innovation (SI) can place patients at risk. We sought to explore what clinical information is readily available to patients who have been offered innovative surgical procedures, using two examples drawn from our recent experience: one a surgical technique, and the other a prosthetic material. We wanted to determine from our review the extent to which information available on the Internet might augment the medical literature and help satisfy the ethical requirements for patients to be adequately informed before they proceed with innovative surgery. METHODS A scoping review of the medical literature was performed to look for studies addressing the review aims; targeted searches on Google, YouTube, and patient websites were carried out to find readily available patient information on two chosen innovative surgical procedures. We conducted a content analysis of the selected references to determine the availability, relevance, and the utility of the published information to a layperson. RESULTS Medical database searches identified 614 records, 91 were screened and only six were relevant. The Internet searches returned thousands of results; however, we limited our screening to the first five pages of results for those sources. From both types of searches, 348 references were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria and 51 were included in the analysis. The findings are presented in four themes: safety and feasibility of the technique, availability and accessibility to a layperson, relevance and utility to a layperson, and commercial information. CONCLUSION The review has shown that lay people seeking to find out more about the two innovations would get very little useful information from Google, YouTube, or patient websites. Practitioners offering SI should provide sufficient information to allow their patients to make an autonomous decision about whether to proceed. For major SI, we encourage innovators to develop a plain language statement that would be made available on the Internet to the mutual advantage of both innovators and patients.
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315
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Daei A, Soleymani MR, Ashrafi-Rizi H, Kelishadi R, Zargham-Boroujeni A. Personal, technical and organisational factors affect whether physicians seek answers to clinical questions during patient care: a literature review. Health Info Libr J 2020; 38:81-96. [PMID: 32686897 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous questions are generated for physicians during patient care. Facilitators and barriers affect the physicians' clinical information-seeking behaviour. While most health studies have focused on barriers, few have dealt with facilitators. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify facilitators in physicians' information-seeking behaviour to help respond to clinical questions raised during patient care. METHODS A narrative review was conducted, and 9 databases were searched. Selection criteria included original articles in the context of patient care and full-text articles published in the English language from 2002 to 2019. The articles were selected and analysed by group discussions. RESULTS Analysis of studies disclosed personal, technical and organisational facilitators including 26 themes. Internet utilisation and information searching skills, more available time, personal interests and knowing preferred sites or textbooks were among the personal factors. The most common technical factors included providing navigation support, and ease of searching and finding needed information. The most commonly reported factors at the organisational level are closeness to Internet facility and access during the consultation. CONCLUSION Information systems designers, health service managers and librarians may need to work together to provide systems and settings that encourage doctors to seek information to answer their clinical questions during patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Daei
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleymani
- Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hasan Ashrafi-Rizi
- Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Zargham-Boroujeni
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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316
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Tromans S, Chester V, Gemegah E, Roberts K, Morgan Z, Yao GL, Brugha T. Autism identification across ethnic groups: a narrative review. ADVANCES IN AUTISM 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/aia-03-2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to review autism identification across different ethnic groups. Diagnosis of autism may be missed or delayed in certain ethnic groups, leading to such groups being underserved relative to their needs. This can result in members of such groups being effectively denied essential avenues of support that can substantially improve the quality of life of autistic persons as well as those whom care for them.
Design/methodology/approach
A literature search for articles reporting autism identification across ethnic groups was undertaken. Data are compared, with a special focus on possible explanations for any inter-group variation.
Findings
Autism identification appears to be generally lower in minority ethnic groups relative to the majority population. Individuals presenting with autism from minority groups appear to have more severe forms of the condition.
Originality/value
There are a multitude of potential explanations for inter-ethnicity variation in autism identification, including health care-related factors, broader environmental influences, cultural factors and possible biological differences. Implications for clinical practice and public health include a need to look at means of ensuring equitable access to relevant autism diagnostic and support services across ethnic groups. Further work is required to better understand the belief systems that operate within specific ethnic groups, how this may potentially impact upon autism identification and measures to address the concerns of such groups.
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317
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Elizabeth L, Machado P, Zinöcker M, Baker P, Lawrence M. Ultra-Processed Foods and Health Outcomes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1955. [PMID: 32630022 PMCID: PMC7399967 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrition literature and authoritative reports increasingly recognise the concept of ultra-processed foods (UPF), as a descriptor of unhealthy diets. UPFs are now prevalent in diets worldwide. This review aims to identify and appraise the studies on healthy participants that investigated associations between levels of UPF consumption and health outcomes. This involved a systematic search for extant literature; integration and interpretation of findings from diverse study types, populations, health outcomes and dietary assessments; and quality appraisal. Of 43 studies reviewed, 37 found dietary UPF exposure associated with at least one adverse health outcome. Among adults, these included overweight, obesity and cardio-metabolic risks; cancer, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases; irritable bowel syndrome, depression and frailty conditions; and all-cause mortality. Among children and adolescents, these included cardio-metabolic risks and asthma. No study reported an association between UPF and beneficial health outcomes. Most findings were derived from observational studies and evidence of plausible biological mechanisms to increase confidence in the veracity of these observed associations is steadily evolving. There is now a considerable body of evidence supporting the use of UPFs as a scientific concept to assess the 'healthiness' of foods within the context of dietary patterns and to help inform the development of dietary guidelines and nutrition policy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Elizabeth
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (L.E.); (P.M.); (P.B.)
| | - Priscila Machado
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (L.E.); (P.M.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Marit Zinöcker
- Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Phillip Baker
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (L.E.); (P.M.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Mark Lawrence
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia; (L.E.); (P.M.); (P.B.)
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong 3217, Australia
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318
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Dagnall N, Drinkwater KG, O’Keeffe C, Ventola A, Laythe B, Jawer MA, Massullo B, Caputo GB, Houran J. Things That Go Bump in the Literature: An Environmental Appraisal of "Haunted Houses". Front Psychol 2020; 11:1328. [PMID: 32595577 PMCID: PMC7304295 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper contains a narrative overview of the past 20-years of environmental research on anomalous experiences attributed to "haunted house." This exercise served as a much-needed update to an anthology of noteworthy overviews on ghosts, haunts, and poltergeists (Houran and Lange, 2001b). We also considered whether new studies had incorporated certain recommendations made in this anthology. Our search revealed a relative paucity of studies (n = 66) on environmental factors that ostensibly stimulate haunt-type experiences. This literature was diverse and often lacked methodological consistency and adherence to the prior suggestions. However, critical consideration of the content revealed a recurring focus on six ambient variables: embedded (static) cues, lighting levels, air quality, temperature, infrasound, and electromagnetic fields. Their relation to the onset or structure of witness reports showed mostly null, though sometimes inconsistent or weak outcomes. However, such research as related to haunts is arguably in its infancy and new designs are needed to account better for environmental and architectural phenomenology. Future studies should therefore address four areas: (i) more consistent and precise measurements of discrete ambient variables; (ii) the potential role of "Gestalt influences" that involve holistic environment-person interactions; (iii) individual differences in attentional or perceptual sensitivities of percipients to environmental variables; and (iv) the role of attitudinal and normative influences in the interpretation of environmental stimuli. Focused scrutiny on these issues should clarify the explanatory power of evolutionary-environmental models for these and related anomalous experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dagnall
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Campus, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G. Drinkwater
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Campus, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ciarán O’Keeffe
- School of Human & Social Sciences, Buckinghamshire New University, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brian Laythe
- Institute for the Study of Religious and Anomalous Experience, Jeffersonville, IN, United States
| | | | | | | | - James Houran
- Laboratory for Statistics and Computation, ISLA—Instituto Politécnico de Gestão e Tecnologia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Integrated Knowledge Systems, Dallas, TX, United States
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319
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Amoatey P, Al-Mayahi A, Omidvarborna H, Baawain MS, Sulaiman H. Occupational exposure to pesticides and associated health effects among greenhouse farm workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22251-22270. [PMID: 32333353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The number and production capacities of greenhouse farms have been increased across the globe, driven by an effort for addressing food security problems related to the rapid population growth and the effects of climate change. As a result, there was a large increase in the number of greenhouse farm workers who are typically involved in chemical preparations and pesticide sprayings, crop harvesting, and greenhouse maintenance activities. Considering the enclosed architecture of the greenhouse farm design and the frequent application of pesticides, the objective of this review was to characterize pesticide exposure levels and resultant health effects among greenhouse farm workers. While most health assessment studies were mainly based on self-reported symptoms, this review showed limited epidemiological and clinical studies on the assessment of the health effects of pesticide exposure on greenhouse workers' health. Reproductive disorders, respiratory symptoms, neurological symptoms, and skin irritations were the most reported health effects among greenhouse farm workers. Additionally, there were limited studies on respirable pesticide-borne fine and ultrafine particulate matters in greenhouse farms. Ventilation systems and indoor environmental conditions of greenhouse farms were not designed according to specifications of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Among recommendations provided, long-term exposure assessments of pesticide effects on children born by greenhouse farm workers should be considered in future research. Also, compliance with ASHRAE indoor ventilation and environmental standards will be very important in reducing pesticide exposure and health effects among greenhouse farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Amoatey
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Mayahi
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hamid Omidvarborna
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Mahad Said Baawain
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Hameed Sulaiman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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320
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Hagel C, Paton C, Mbevi G, English M. Data for tracking SDGs: challenges in capturing neonatal data from hospitals in Kenya. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e002108. [PMID: 32337080 PMCID: PMC7170465 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Target 3.2 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to reduce neonatal mortality. In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the District Health Information Software, V.2 (DHIS2) is widely used to help improve indicator data reporting. There are few reports on its use for collecting neonatal hospital data that are of increasing importance as births within facilities increase. To address this gap, we investigated implementation experiences of DHIS2 in LMICs and mapped the information flow relevant for neonatal data reporting in Kenyan hospitals. Methods A narrative review of published literature and policy documents from LMICs was conducted. Information gathered was used to identify the challenges around DHIS2 and to map information flows from healthcare facilities to the national level. Two use cases explore how newborn data collection and reporting happens in hospitals. The results were validated, adjusted and system challenges identified. Results Literature and policy documents report that DHIS2 is a useful tool with strong technical capabilities, but significant challenges can emerge with the implementation. Visualisations of information flows highlight how a complex, people-based and paper-based subsystem for inpatient information capture precedes digitisation. Use cases point to major challenges in these subsystems in accurately identifying newborn deaths and appropriate data for the calculation of mortality even in hospitals. Conclusions DHIS2 is a tool with potential to improve availability of health information that is key to health systems, but it critically depends on people-based and paper-based subsystems. In hospitals, the subsystems are subject to multiple micro level challenges. Work is needed to design and implement better standardised information processes, recording and reporting tools, and to strengthen the information system workforce. If the challenges are addressed and data quality improved, DHIS2 can support countries to track progress towards the SDG target of improving neonatal mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hagel
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Paton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George Mbevi
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Unit, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mike English
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Health Services Unit, Nairobi, Kenya
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321
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Mansoor Y, Hale I. Parent perceptions of routine growth monitoring: A scoping review. Paediatr Child Health 2020; 26:154-158. [PMID: 33936334 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite being a well-accepted part of paediatric care, little is known about the benefits or potential harms of routine growth monitoring (RGM) from a parent's perspective. Objective To explore parental experiences with RGM. Methods Literature searches were performed on Google Scholar, psycINFO, CINAHL, and PubMed. Included studies were published after 2000 and described parental comprehension, preferences, attitudes toward, and/or behaviour change related to RGM. Results Of 24 reviewed studies, four themes were identified: reliance on growth monitoring, understanding, influence on feeding and behaviour, and response to obesity-related classification. RGM was familiar but not strongly preferred to identify a child's weight status. Parental understanding of RGM was poor, particularly among parents with low socioeconomic status. A common belief was that heavier babies were healthier, while smaller babies should prompt concern. Parents may be anxious and change behaviour in response to RGM, such as by halting breastfeeding, supplementing, or restricting their child's diet. Parents frequently discounted RGM information when their child was identified as overweight, and expressed concerns about self-esteem and eating disorders. Conclusion This scoping review identifies that although RGM is familiar and sometimes reassuring to parents, increased consideration should be given to potential harms from parental perspectives when conducting growth monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Mansoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Ilona Hale
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Kimberley, British Columbia
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322
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Collings TJ, Gorman AD, Stuelcken MC, Mellifont DB, Sayers MGL. Exploring the Justifications for Selecting a Drop Landing Task to Assess Injury Biomechanics: A Narrative Review and Analysis of Landings Performed by Female Netball Players. Sports Med 2020; 49:385-395. [PMID: 30684242 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-01045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
When assessing biomechanics in a laboratory setting, task selection is critical to the production of accurate and meaningful data. The injury biomechanics of landing is commonly investigated in a laboratory setting using a drop landing task. However, why this task is so frequently chosen is unclear. Therefore, this narrative review aimed to (1) identify the justification/s provided within the published literature as to why a drop landing task was selected to investigate the injury biomechanics of landing in sport and (2) use current research evidence, supplemented by a new set of biomechanical data, to evaluate whether the justifications are supported. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search using Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus online databases was conducted for studies that had collected biomechanical data relating to sport injuries using a drop landing task. In addition, kinematic and kinetic data were collected from female netball players during drop landings and maximum-effort countermovement jumps from the ground to grab a suspended ball. The literature search returned a total of 149 articles that were reviewed to determine the justification for selecting a drop landing task. Of these, 54% provided no explicit justification to explain why a drop landing task was chosen, and 15% stated it was selected because it had been used in previous research. Other reasons included that the drop landing provides high experimental control (16%), is a functional sports task (11%), and is a dynamic task (6%). Evidence in the literature suggests that the biomechanical data produced with drop landings may not be as externally valid as more sport-specific tasks. Biomechanical data showed that the drop landing may not control center of mass fall height any better than maximum-effort countermovement jumps from the ground. Further, the frequently used step-off technique to initiate drop landings resulted in kinematic and kinetic asymmetries between lower limbs, which would otherwise be symmetrical when performing a countermovement jump from the ground. Researchers should consider the limitations of a drop landing task and endeavor to improve the laboratory tasks used to collect biomechanical data to examine the injury biomechanics of landing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Collings
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia. .,Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
| | - Adam D Gorman
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Max C Stuelcken
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel B Mellifont
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark G L Sayers
- The University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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323
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Sony M, Antony J, Douglas JA. Essential ingredients for the implementation of Quality 4.0. TQM JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/tqm-12-2019-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeQuality 4.0 is concerned with managing quality in the Industry 4.0 era. Specifically, its focus is on which digital tools are used to enhance an organization’s ability to reliably give customers high-quality products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key ingredients for the effective implementation of Quality 4.0.Design/methodology/approachA narrative literature review was conducted on the extant works to collate and analyse previous studies in this relatively new field.FindingsThe study revealed eight key ingredients for the effective implementation of Quality 4.0 in organizations, namely: (1) handling big data, (2) improving prescriptive analytics, (3) using Quality 4.0 for effective vertical, horizontal and end-to-end integration, (4) using Quality 4.0 for strategic advantage, (5) leadership in Quality 4.0, (6) training in Quality 4.0, (7) organizational culture for Quality 4.0 and, lastly, (8) top management support for Quality 4.0. These findings have provided a steer for the future research agenda of Quality 4.0.Practical implicationsOrganizations can use the eight ingredients to perform a self-assessment on the current state of each element within their own organization. When implementing Quality 4.0, each ingredient should be effectively analysed, and measures taken so that the implementation of Quality 4.0 is effective.Originality/valueThe paper makes the first attempt to present the key ingredients an organization should possess to effectively implement Quality 4.0.
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324
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Whelan S, Teahan Á, Casey D. Fostering the Resilience of People With Dementia: A Narrative Literature Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:45. [PMID: 32158761 PMCID: PMC7051935 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Resilience is a process through which people use resources to adapt to adversity. Interventions aiming to support resilience in people with dementia have been developed. However, the optimal content, structure and impact of these interventions is unclear. This literature review explores the factors through which interventions foster resilience in people with dementia and examines their efficacy. Methods: Eight databases were searched systematically, for literature published from 2000 to 2019. Following the removal of duplicate articles, the titles and abstracts of 6,749 articles were screened. Articles were selected if they: reported empirical studies in English; focused on resilience; involved people with dementia and psychosocial interventions. The full text of 53 articles were examined and three studies, reported in six papers, were included in the final review. Data were systematically extracted, and two authors critiqued the studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme check lists. The studies were examined to determine how resilience was defined and operationalized and their findings were synthesized using the theoretical resilience framework. Results: Five interventions aiming to foster resilience were identified: Dementia Advisors; Peer Support Network Services; Visual Arts Enrichment Activities; Memory Makers; and Early-Stage and Beyond Community Activities. All studies defined resilience as a process and most involved people with mild dementia who had family carers. The interventions impacted resilience by reducing the adversity of stigma and social isolation; increasing personal and social resources, providing stigma-free space and reciprocal support. Interventions empowered people with dementia, increasing their self-esteem and self-worth. Resilience can be fostered both during, and after interventions. However, the efficacy of interventions could not be determined because the research designs utilized did not measure efficacy. Conclusions: Interventions need facilitators to ensure they are strength-based, person-centered and they enable reciprocal social interactions. Future research needs to develop interventions that aim to foster the resilience of people with dementia who lack family carers and/or have more advanced dementia through meaningful activities that are identified by people with dementia as important to their resilience. Robust methodologies, including randomized controlled trials should be used to measure effectiveness and explore the impact of interventions regarding the: interplay between individual and community resources; the importance of reciprocity; and temporal aspects of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Whelan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Áine Teahan
- Centre for Economic and Social Research on Dementia, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dympna Casey
- Centre for Economic and Social Research on Dementia, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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325
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Crossnohere NL, Fischer R, Crossley E, Vroom E, Bridges JFP. The evolution of patient-focused drug development and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2020; 20:57-68. [DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2020.1734454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norah L. Crossnohere
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Fischer
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Vroom
- Duchenne Parent Project Muscular Dystrophys, Amsterdam, NL, Netherlands
| | - John FP Bridges
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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326
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O'Connor D, Lennon O, Minogue C, Caulfield B. Design considerations for the development of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) exercise in cancer rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3117-3126. [PMID: 32116053 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1726510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to explore design considerations for effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise prescription in cancer rehabilitation, with simultaneous consideration for fundamental principles of exercise training and the current state of the art in neuromuscular electrical stimulation technologies and application methodologies.Method: Narrative review.Results: First, we consider the key neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise design considerations, with a focus on training objectives and individual training requirements and constraints for individuals with cancer. Here, we contend that concurrent, low and high frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise, individually prescribed and progressed may be optimal for enhancing physical function. Second, we review the appropriate literature to identify the most appropriate stimulation parameters (pulse frequency, intensity, duration and duty cycle) to deliver effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cancer rehabilitation.Conclusions: We propose an informed and innovative neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise intervention design and provide practical information for clinicians and practitioners who may work with and implement neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise in cancer.Implications for rehabilitationNeuromuscular electrical stimulation is an emerging technology in cancer rehabilitation to help provide an aerobic and muscle strengthening exercise stimulus.Neuromuscular electrical stimulation may help improve aerobic exercise capacity, muscle strength and augment quality of life.Current prescription in cancer lacks adherence to the fundamental principles of exercise training, which may negatively affect adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic O'Connor
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olive Lennon
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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327
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A review of measures used to examine medication adherence in people with ADHD at initiation, implementation and discontinuation of pharmacotherapy. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:277-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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328
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McGrath R, Johnson N, Klawitter L, Mahoney S, Trautman K, Carlson C, Rockstad E, Hackney KJ. What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review. SAGE Open Med 2020; 8:2050312120910358. [PMID: 32166029 PMCID: PMC7052448 DOI: 10.1177/2050312120910358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Measures of handgrip strength can be used to conveniently assess overall muscle
strength capacity. Although stand-alone measures of handgrip strength provide
robust health information, the clinical meaningfulness to determine prevention
and treatment options for weakness remains limited because the etiology of
muscle weakness remains unclear. Moreover, clinical outcomes associated with
handgrip strength are wide-ranging. Therefore, disentangling how handgrip
strength is associated with health conditions that are metabolically or
neurologically driven may improve our understanding of the factors linked to
handgrip strength. The purpose of this topical review was to highlight and
summarize evidence examining the associations of handgrip strength with certain
health outcomes that are metabolically and neurologically driven. From this
perusal of the literature, we posit that stand-alone handgrip strength be
considered an umbrella assessment of the body systems that contribute to
strength capacity, and a panoptic measurement of muscle strength that is
representative of overall health status, not a specific health condition.
Recommendations for future strength capacity–related research are also
provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McGrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lukus Klawitter
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sean Mahoney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kara Trautman
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Caroline Carlson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ella Rockstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Developing a conceptual framework for implementation science to evaluate a nutrition intervention scaled-up in a real-world setting. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:s7-s22. [PMID: 32102713 PMCID: PMC8045137 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this paper is to identify and develop a comprehensive conceptual framework using implementation science that can be applied to assess a nutrition intervention in a real-world setting. Design: We conducted a narrative review using electronic databases and a manual search to identify implementation science frameworks, models and theories published in peer-reviewed journals. We performed a qualitative thematic analysis of these publications to generate a framework that could be applied to nutrition implementation science. Results: Based on this review, we developed a comprehensive framework which we have conceptualised as an implementation science process that describes the transition from the use of scientific evidence through to scaling-up with the aim of making an intervention sustainable. The framework consisted of three domains: Domain i – efficacy to effectiveness trials, Domain ii – scaling-up and Domain iii – sustainability. These three domains encompass five components: identifying an ‘effective’ intervention; scaling-up and implementation fidelity; course corrections during implementation; promoting sustainability of interventions and consideration of a comprehensive methodological paradigm to identify ‘effective’ interventions and to assess the process and outcome indicators of implementation. The framework was successfully applied to a nutrition implementation program in Bangladesh. Conclusions: Our conceptual framework built from an implantation science perspective offers a comprehensive approach supported by a foundational and holistic understanding of its key components. This framework provides guidance for implementation researchers, policy-makers and programme managers to identify and review an effective intervention, to scale it up and to sustain it over time.
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330
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Burge K, Bergner E, Gunasekaran A, Eckert J, Chaaban H. The Role of Glycosaminoglycans in Protection from Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020546. [PMID: 32093194 PMCID: PMC7071410 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis, a potentially fatal intestinal inflammatory disorder affecting primarily premature infants, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. While the etiology of the disease is, as yet, unknown, a number of risk factors for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis have been identified. One such risk factor, formula feeding, has been shown to contribute to both increased incidence and severity of the disease. The protective influences afforded by breastfeeding are likely attributable to the unique composition of human milk, an extremely potent, biologically active fluid. This review brings together knowledge on the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and current thinking on the instrumental role of one of the more prominent classes of bioactive components in human breast milk, glycosaminoglycans.
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MESH Headings
- Breast Feeding
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Female
- Glycosaminoglycans/pharmacology
- Humans
- Infant Formula/adverse effects
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control
- Male
- Milk, Human/chemistry
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Risk Factors
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331
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Gómez EJ. Coca-Cola's political and policy influence in Mexico: understanding the role of institutions, interests and divided society. Health Policy Plan 2020; 34:520-528. [PMID: 31381805 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to Mexico's burgeoning industrial epidemics of obesity and type-2 diabetes, triggered in part by sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages' ability to readily market their products and influence consumption, the government has responded through a variety of non-communicable disease (NCD) policies. Nevertheless, major industries, such as Coca-Cola, have been able to continuously obstruct the prioritization of those policies targeting the consumption, marketing and sale of their products. To better understand why this has occurred, this article introduces a political science agenda-setting framework and applies it to the case of Coca-Cola in Mexico. Devised from political science theory and subsequently applied to the case of Coca-Cola in Mexico, my framework, titled Institutions, Interests, and Industry Civic Influence (IPIC), emphasizes Coca-Cola's access to institutions, supportive presidents and industry efforts to hamper civic mobilization and pressures for greater regulation of the soda industry. Methodologically, I employ qualitative single case study analysis, combining an analysis of 26 case study documents and seven in-depth stake-holder interviews. My proposed analytical framework helps to underscore the fact that Coca-Cola's influence is not solely shaped by the corporation's increased economic importance, but more importantly, its access to politicians, institutions and strategies to divide civil society. Additionally, my proposed framework provides several real-world policy recommendations for how governments and civil society can restructure their relationship with the soda industry, such as the government's creation of laws prohibiting the industry's ability to influence NCD policy and fund scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Gómez
- Department of International Development, King's College London, NE Bush House, 4th Floor, Room 4.13, London, Strand, UK
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332
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Kanengoni B, Andajani-Sutjahjo S, Holroyd E. Improving health equity among the African ethnic minority through health system strengthening: a narrative review of the New Zealand healthcare system. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:21. [PMID: 32028955 PMCID: PMC7006202 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-1125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In New Zealand, health equity is a pressing concern and reaching disadvantaged populations has become the goal to close the inequity gap. Building and strengthening health systems is one way to secure better outcomes. However, the discourse to date has predominately focussed on inequities in health outcomes for Māori. This study has interest in the African ethnic minority community in New Zealand. It undertakes a narrative review of the New Zealand health system which aims to identify literature around the attainment of health equity of African minority by: (i) providing a critical overview of the healthcare delivery system using World Health Organization’s six inter-related building blocks of health system strengthening; (ii) developing a summary and discussions of the research results and; (iii) identifying priorities and recommendations for future research. Method A narrative review of 27 articles published between January 2010 and June 2019 were selected from CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Grey literature also informed the review. Articles excluded studies: (i) non-related to New Zealand; (ii) with no focus on equity on ethnic minority in the delivering of healthcare; (iii) had no full text available. Findings Literature on Africans health outcomes were scarce regarding the six building blocks. However, findings show inequities in accessibility of health services, a non-ethnic inclusive health workforce, a leadership and governance which lack political will on migrant health and resultantly an under-performing health information system which influences resource allocation. Recommendation and conclusion An improvement and well-functioning health information system is pivotal to capture the unmet needs of the African population. There is a need for research and political will to invest in African minority health and diverse workforce that understands the background of the African population; and action to address structural and institutional racism and white privilege to address root causes of inadequate access and care processes for ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Kanengoni
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, 90 Akoranga Drive, Northcote, Auckland, 0627, New Zealand.
| | - Sari Andajani-Sutjahjo
- School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, 90 Akoranga Drive, Northcote, Auckland, 0627, New Zealand
| | - Eleanor Holroyd
- Nursing Research, Department of Nursing, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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333
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Darling Rasmussen P, Storebø OJ. Attachment and Epigenetics: A Scoping Review of Recent Research and Current Knowledge. Psychol Rep 2020; 124:479-501. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294120901846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Epigenetic research has pointed to that the interaction between genetics and environmental factors may play a role in making some individuals more vulnerable than others. Aim The aim of this article was to present a broad perspective on the current state of knowledge in a relatively new and complex field of “attachment and epigenetic processes.” Method We conducted a scoping review based on a systematic literature search in PsycINFO, PubMed, and Embase databases for relevant abstracts using the terms attachment and epigenet*. Results In total, 11 studies were included. Research predating 2009 and animal studies were excluded in order to review the current state of research in humans. Conclusion Overall, there seems to be a consistency in the literature, pointing to a link between early childhood adversity, attachment processes, and epigenetic changes. However, research in human subjects is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Darling Rasmussen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Region Zealand, Denmark; Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Psychiatric Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Jakob Storebø
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Region Zealand, Denmark; Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Department, Psychiatric Research Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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334
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Sandoval-Ramírez BA, Catalán Ú, Calderón-Pérez L, Companys J, Pla-Pagà L, Ludwig IA, Romero MP, Solà R. The effects and associations of whole-apple intake on diverse cardiovascular risk factors. A narrative review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3862-3875. [PMID: 31928209 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1709801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Apples are among the world's most consumed fruits. However, while the impact of whole-apple intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown. This narrative review summarizes a novel integrated view of whole-apple intake, CVD risk association (through observational studies; OSs), and the effects on CVD risk factors (randomized trials; RTs). In 8 OSs, whole-apple intake was associated with a reduced risk of CVD mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, stroke mortality, all-cause mortality, and severe abdominal aortic calcification, as well as with lower C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. In 8 RTs, whole-apple consumption reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and plasma inflammatory cytokines, and noticeably reduced CRP, whereas it increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and improved endothelial function. Thus, consuming between 100 and 150 g/day of whole apples is associated with a lower CVD risk and decreases in blood pressure, pulse pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inflammation status as well as with increases in HDLc and endothelial function. These results, support the regular consumption of whole apples as an aid in the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berner Andrée Sandoval-Ramírez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Judit Companys
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.,Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ma Paz Romero
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tecnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery Department, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (HUSJR), Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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335
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Coyle M, Martin D, McCutcheon K. Interprofessional simulation training in difficult airway management: a narrative review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:36-43. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2020.29.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this narrative literature review was to explore the impact of interprofessional simulation-based team training on difficult airway management. The Fourth National Audit Project of The Royal College of Anaesthetists and The Difficult Airway Society identified recurrent deficits in practice that included delayed recognition of critical events, inadequate provision of appropriately trained staff and poor collaboration and communication strategies between teams. Computerised databases were assessed to enable data collection, and a narrative literature review and synthesis of eight quantitative studies were performed. Four core themes were identified: debriefing, measures of assessment and evaluation, non-technical skills and patient safety, and patient outcomes. There are many benefits to be gained from interprofessional simulation training as a method of teaching high-risk and infrequent clinical airway emergencies. The practised response to emergency algorithms is crucial and plays a vital role in the reduction of errors and adverse patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Coyle
- Anaesthetic Nurse Specialist, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
| | - Daphne Martin
- Lecturer, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast
| | - Karen McCutcheon
- Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast
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336
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Picou EM, Davis H, Tharpe AM. Considerations for Choosing Microphone Technologies for Students With Limited Useable Hearing Unilaterally. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2020; 51:74-83. [PMID: 31913805 DOI: 10.1044/2019_lshss-ochl-19-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current recommendations for clinical management of school-aged children with limited useable hearing unilaterally primarily focus on remote microphone systems and preferential seating. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the existing evidence supporting these recommendations. Method A narrative review was conducted, focused on nonsurgical interventions for children with limited useable hearing unilaterally. Results Six articles were identified. Three survey studies suggest high use rates and improved academic performance with contralateral routing of signal systems. One laboratory study suggests students with hearing loss need to sit closer to the desired signal (e.g., teacher) than their peers with normal hearing to achieve similar speech recognition. Two laboratory studies suggest remote microphone systems provide consistent benefits when the microphone is located near the talker of interest, whereas contralateral routing of signal systems impairs performance in noise. Conclusions The discrepancy between survey studies and laboratory studies could be explained partly due to the difference between listening situations in the laboratory and in classrooms. Everyone in the classroom is a potential talker of interest, and the listening environments are often dynamic. Thus, contralateral routing of signal systems might have more potential to improve classroom communication than was suggested by the laboratory studies. Recommendations for microphone technologies should be based on the extent to which a student is struggling, where the student sits in the classroom, and where the important talkers are located. There is not one optimal recommendation for all students, but a combination of remote microphone and contralateral routing of signal systems could work for most students. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9956663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Picou
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hilary Davis
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Anne Marie Tharpe
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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337
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Ogeil RP, Chakraborty SP, Young AC, Lubman DI. Clinician and patient barriers to the recognition of insomnia in family practice: a narrative summary of reported literature analysed using the theoretical domains framework. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:1. [PMID: 31901226 PMCID: PMC6942394 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-019-1070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common sleep complaint, with 10% of adults in the general population experiencing insomnia disorder, defined as lasting longer than three months in DSM-5. Up to 50% of patients attending family practice experience insomnia, however despite this, symptoms of insomnia are not often screened for, or discussed within this setting. We aimed to examine barriers to the assessment and diagnosis of insomnia in family practice from both the clinician and patient perspective. METHODS The present article identified research that has examined barriers to assessing insomnia from the clinician's and the client's perspectives following MEDLINE and Google Scholar searches, and then classified these barriers using the theoretical domains framework. RESULTS The most common barriers from the clinician's perspective were related to Knowledge, Skills, and the Environmental Context. From the patient perspective, barriers identified included their Beliefs about the consequences of Insomnia, Social Influences, and Behavioural Regulation of Symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Utilising this theoretical framework, we discuss options for bridging the gap between the identification and subsequent management of insomnia within the family practice setting. To assist clinicians and those in community health care to overcome the Knowledge and Skills barriers identified, this article provides existing relevant clinical criteria that can be utilised to make a valid diagnosis of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan P Ogeil
- Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 110 Church St, Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia.
| | - Samantha P Chakraborty
- Department of General Practice, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan C Young
- Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Monash University, and Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Eastern Health Clinical School and Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 110 Church St, Richmond, Victoria, 3121, Australia
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338
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Innao V, Allegra A, Pulvirenti N, Allegra AG, Musolino C. Therapeutic potential of antagomiRs in haematological and oncological neoplasms. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13208. [PMID: 31899849 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the role of MicroRNAs (or miRNAs) has been emphasised by the large number of studies in human tumour cells, underlining the high impact of post-transcriptional processes in cancer onset, progression, invasion and metastatisation. Currently known as oncomiR, real databases are collecting all the smaller fragments of RNA capable of participating in the oncogenesis. AIMS With the aim to collect for the first time the most important acquisitions in literature about antagomiRs in oncology, our narrative review is born with the purpose of showing that specific antisense oligonucleotides, capable to bind and antagonise single or multiple miRNAs, are effective as therapeutic compounds. RESULTS Peptide or locked nucleic acids, miRNA sponges or antagomiRs attached to plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences to its target are objects of our analysis, demonstrating their effectiveness in a large number and types of tumours. We have also tried how to overcome their high immunogenicity, which remains its greatest limit for clinical use. CONCLUSIONS They are ambitious but fascinating promise to alter the promotion of the tumour growth by binding specific molecular targets, with high precision and low toxicity, leaving the scientists the chance of development as anti-cancer drugs and not just.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicolina Pulvirenti
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Dipartimento di Patologia Umana dell'Adulto e dell'Età Evolutiva "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Byerley JS, Foster JH, Beck Dallaghan GL. Establishing Regional Medical Campuses to Ensure Comparable Experiences: Recommendations From a Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2020; 7:2382120520936617. [PMID: 32699821 PMCID: PMC7357017 DOI: 10.1177/2382120520936617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given increasing class sizes and desires to keep costs down, many medical schools are developing regional clinical campuses. We found our regional campus system to be very successful in allowing class size expansion, inspiring a workforce for the state, and concurrently allowing our students to individualize their experience. We desire to articulate our experience, with a review of the relevant evidence, with the goal of assisting other medical schools in their efforts to develop regional medical campuses. METHODS We conducted a narrative literature review to identify considerations for developing regional campuses, taking into consideration our experiences in the process. A medical librarian undertook a literature search for the purposes of this narrative review. RESULTS Of the 61 articles identified, 14 were included for full-text review. Five facets on branch campus development were identified: relationships, infrastructure, curriculum, recruitment, and accreditation. Within each of these facets we provide further details based on findings from the literature complemented by our experience. CONCLUSIONS Launching a regional campus requires building relationships with clinical partners, ensuring an infrastructure that supports student need and accreditation, comparable curriculum with the same objectives and assessment measures, and aspects of the experience that inspire a student desire to learn in that setting. We share our experience in building successful branch campuses, which have added significantly to our large public school of medicine and its service to our state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Byerley
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johanna H Foster
- Office of Medical Education, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gary L Beck Dallaghan
- Office of Medical Education, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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341
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Schmidt B, Silva IMD, Pieta MAM, Crepaldi MA, Wagner A. Terapia On-line com Casais e Famílias: Prática e Formação na Pandemia de Covid-19. PSICOLOGIA: CIÊNCIA E PROFISSÃO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A pandemia de Covid-19 potencializou o já emergente processo de intensificação das conexões virtuais. Para terapeutas de casal e família, essa grave crise de saúde pública acarretou mudanças na forma de atender clientes e interagir com colegas, exigindo a rápida transição da modalidade presencial para a modalidade remota, em muitos casos. O presente estudo sistematizou conhecimentos sobre terapia on-line com casais e famílias, trazendo considerações para a prática e a formação profissional diante da pandemia. Por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura, foram sumarizados resultados de estudos empíricos, bem como recomendações sobre aspectos técnicos, éticos e formativos. Destacaram-se, em particular, potencialidades e desafios para a utilização de tecnologias da informação e da comunicação na prática clínica com casais e famílias, incluindo indicações e contraindicações, recursos mais apropriados e seguros, relação terapêutica on-line, capacitação e supervisão. Entende-se que a Covid-19 representa uma oportunidade para revisão e reflexão da prática clínica e da formação profissional de terapeutas de casal e família no Brasil, país em que as intervenções on-line permaneciam relativamente pouco exploradas até a pandemia.
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Crepaldi MA, Schmidt B, Noal DDS, Bolze SDA, Gabarra LM. Terminalidade, morte e luto na pandemia de COVID-19: demandas psicológicas emergentes e implicações práticas. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0275202037e200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) tem sido considerada uma grave crise sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico e, também, psicológico. Além das perdas em massa em curto espaço de tempo, as dificuldades para realização de rituais de despedida entre pessoas na iminência da morte e seus familiares, bem como de rituais funerários, podem dificultar a experiência de luto. O objetivo deste estudo é sistematizar conhecimentos sobre os processos de terminalidade, morte e luto no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura, foram sumarizadas experiências relatadas em diferentes países durante a pandemia. Apresentam-se características das demandas psicológicas emergentes e implicações para a prática profissional do psicólogo. Considerando que expressões de afeto, condolências e espiritualidade sofrem alterações nesse cenário, discute-se a importância de potencializar formas alternativas e respeitosas para ritualização dos processos vividos, o que parece essencial para ressignificar perdas e enfrentar desafios durante e após a vigência da pandemia.
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343
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Bravo LG, Nistor N, Ramírez BC. Narrating in grey: An application to educational management information systems and accountability. INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0266666919894725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research presents an application of a mixed narrative review, including grey literature, to broaden knowledge about the value of educational management information systems (EMIS) for accountability in higher education institutions (HEIs). The review was focused in understanding the relationships among quality management (QM), EMIS use and accountability. Analyzing 39 documents produced between 1990 and 2018, we confirm the tight QM–EMIS use–accountability relationship. A weak link between QM and EMIS use was found, resulting in a low accountability level, nevertheless e-maturity successfully describes the link between QM and EMIS use and legitimizes the HEIs in the society. Finally, the value of mixed narrative reviews, including gray literature, is demonstrated in the fields of management information systems and higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolae Nistor
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Walden University
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344
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Md Rosli AN, Sharip S, Thomas NS. Scrupulosity and Islam: a perspective. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2019.1700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nabil Md Rosli
- Department of Psychiatry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Shalisah Sharip
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Sakinah Thomas
- Coordinatorship of Foreign Language Preparatory School, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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345
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Ukoha C, Stranieri A. Criteria to Measure Social Media Value in Health Care Settings: Narrative Literature Review. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e14684. [PMID: 31841114 PMCID: PMC6937544 DOI: 10.2196/14684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing use of social media in health care settings, there is a need to measure outcomes resulting from its use to ensure continuous performance improvement. Despite the need for measurement, a unified approach for measuring the value of social media used in health care remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate how the value of social media in health care settings can be ascertained and to taxonomically identify steps and techniques in social media measurement from a review of relevant literature. METHODS A total of 65 relevant articles drawn from 341 articles on the subject of measuring social media in health care settings were qualitatively analyzed and synthesized. The articles were selected from the literature from diverse disciplines including business, information systems, medical informatics, and medicine. RESULTS The review of the literature showed different levels and focus of analysis when measuring the value of social media in health care settings. It equally showed that there are various metrics for measurement, levels of measurement, approaches to measurement, and scales of measurement. Each may be relevant, depending on the use case of social media in health care. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive yardstick is required to simplify the measurement of outcomes resulting from the use of social media in health care. At the moment, there is neither a consensus on what indicators to measure nor on how to measure them. We hope that this review is used as a starting point to create a comprehensive measurement criterion for social media used in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuma Ukoha
- Centre for Informatics and Applied Optimisation, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Andrew Stranieri
- Centre for Informatics and Applied Optimisation, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
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346
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Thompson SC, Nedkoff L, Katzenellenbogen J, Hussain MA, Sanfilippo F. Challenges in Managing Acute Cardiovascular Diseases and Follow Up Care in Rural Areas: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E5126. [PMID: 31847490 PMCID: PMC6950682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review explores relevant literature that is related to the challenges in implementing evidence-based management for clinicians in rural and remote areas, while primarily focussing on management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and follow up care. A targeted literature search around rural/urban differences in the management of ACS, cardiovascular disease, and cardiac rehabilitation identified multiple issues that are related to access, including the ability to pay, transport and geographic distances, delays in patients seeking care, access to diagnostic testing, and timely treatment in an appropriate facility. Workforce shortages or lack of ready access to relevant expertise, cultural differences, and complexity that arises from comorbidities and from geographical isolation amplified diagnostic challenges. Given the urgency in management of ACS, rural clinicians must act quickly to achieve optimal patient outcomes. New technologies and quality improvement approaches enable better access to rapid diagnosis, as well as specialist input and care. Achieving an uptake of cardiac rehabilitation in rural and remote settings poses challenges that may reduce with the use of alternative models to centre-based rehabilitation and use of modern technologies. Expediting improvement in cardiovascular outcomes and reducing rural disparities requires system changes and that clinicians embrace attention to prevention, emergency management, and follow up care in rural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Thompson
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 109, Geraldton 6531, Australia;
| | - Lee Nedkoff
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M431, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia; (L.N.); (J.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Judith Katzenellenbogen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M431, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia; (L.N.); (J.K.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammad Akhtar Hussain
- Western Australian Centre for Rural Health, The University of Western Australia, P.O. Box 109, Geraldton 6531, Australia;
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 15-17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Frank Sanfilippo
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M431, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth 6009, Australia; (L.N.); (J.K.); (F.S.)
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Paravattil B, Wilby KJ. Optimizing assessors' mental workload in rater-based assessment: a critical narrative review. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 8:339-345. [PMID: 31728841 PMCID: PMC6904389 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-019-00535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rater-based assessment has resulted in high cognitive demands for assessors within the education of health professionals. Rating quality may be influenced by the mental workload required of assessors to complete rating tasks. The objective of this review was to explore interventions or strategies aimed at measuring and reducing mental workload for improvement in assessment outcomes in health professions education. METHODS A critical narrative review was conducted for English-language articles using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar from conception until November 2018. To be included, articles were eligible if they reported results of interventions aimed at measuring or reducing mental workload in rater-based assessment. RESULTS A total of six articles were included in the review. All studies were conducted in simulation settings (OSCEs or videotaped interactions). Of the four studies that measured mental workload, none found any reduction in mental workload as demonstrated by objective secondary task performance after interventions of assessor training or reductions in competency dimension assessment. Reductions in competency dimensions, however, did result in improvements in assessment quality across three studies. DISCUSSION The concept of mental workload in assessment in medical education needs further exploration, including investigation into valid measures of assessors' mental workload. It appears that adjusting raters' focus may be a valid strategy to improve assessment outcomes. Future research should be designed to inform how to best reduce load in assessments to improve quality, while balancing the type and quantity of data needed for judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle John Wilby
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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349
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Petti S, Lodi G. The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1850-1865. [PMID: 31733122 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in the immunocompetent host is complex and rich in controversial phenomena, namely the role of unapparent transmission in primary infection acquisition, the high frequency of asymptomatic primary and recurrent infections, the lack of immunogenicity of HSV-1 internalized in the soma (cell body) of the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, the lytic activity of HSV-1 in the soma of neurons that is inhibited in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and often uncontrolled in the other neurons, the role of keratin in promoting the development of recurrence episodes in immunocompetent hosts, the virus-host Nash equilibrium, the paradoxical HSV-1-seronegative individuals who shed HSV-1 through saliva, the limited efficacy of anti-HSV vaccines, and why the oral route of infection is the least likely to produce severe complications. The natural history of oral HSV-1 infection is also a history of symbiosis between humans and virus that may switch from mutualism to parasitism and vice versa. This balance is typical of microorganisms that are highly coevolved with humans, and its knowledge is essential to oral healthcare providers to perform adequate diagnosis and provide proper individual-based HSV-1 infection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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350
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Adams EA, Stoler J, Adams Y. Water insecurity and urban poverty in the Global South: Implications for health and human biology. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 32:e23368. [PMID: 31769124 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Over half of the world's population (4 billion people) experience severe water scarcity at least one month per year, while half a billion people experience severe water scarcity throughout the year. Despite progress from national and global interventions, a staggering proportion of the Global South remains water insecure. Rapid urban growth and associated demographic changes, climate change, and governance failure have also fostered the growth and expansion of urban informal settlements and slums where widespread poverty and environmental hazards exacerbate the impact of water insecurity on health. This article reflects on the interactions between water insecurity and urban poverty in the Global South across four categories of health outcomes: gastrointestinal diseases, mosquito-borne diseases, injuries, and mental illness. These examples highlight the mechanisms through which urban poverty exacerbates the adverse health effects of water insecurity. METHODS The four selected health outcomes were chosen a priori to represent two communicable conditions with well-developed literatures, and two noncommunicable conditions with newer literatures that have emerged over the last decade. We conducted a narrative literature review of scholarly and gray literature appearing between January 2000 and April 2019 using several online scholarly databases. RESULTS Gastrointestinal diseases, mosquito-borne diseases, injuries, and mental illness all exemplified the relationship between water insecurity and urban poverty through human biological pathways. For each of the four health categories, we identified frontiers for human biology research contributions to the water-poverty-health nexus. CONCLUSIONS We discuss our findings in the context of three crosscutting themes that merit innovative research approaches: stressor interactions and trade-offs, exposure thresholds, and intervention efficacy. We reiterate that the global burden of disease associated with water insecurity cannot be addressed in isolation from efforts to alleviate extreme poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis A Adams
- Global Studies Institute and Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Justin Stoler
- Department of Geography, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida
| | - Yenupini Adams
- WellStar School of Nursing, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
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