351
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Singh AK, Wilson MT, Hong S, Olivares-Villagómez D, Du C, Stanic AK, Joyce S, Sriram S, Koezuka Y, Van Kaer L. Natural killer T cell activation protects mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med 2001; 194:1801-11. [PMID: 11748281 PMCID: PMC2193577 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.12.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) serves as a prototypic model for T cell-mediated autoimmunity. V(alpha)14 natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the nonpolymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein CD1d. Here, we show that activation of V(alpha)14 NKT cells by the glycosphingolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) protects susceptible mice against EAE. beta-GalCer, which binds CD1d but is not recognized by NKT cells, failed to protect mice against EAE. Furthermore, alpha-GalCer was unable to protect CD1d knockout (KO) mice against EAE, indicating the requirement for an intact CD1d antigen presentation pathway. Protection of disease conferred by alpha-GalCer correlated with its ability to suppress myelin antigen-specific Th1 responses and/or to promote myelin antigen-specific Th2 cell responses. alpha-GalCer was unable to protect IL-4 KO and IL-10 KO mice against EAE, indicating a critical role for both of these cytokines. Because recognition of alpha-GalCer by NKT cells is phylogenetically conserved, our findings have identified NKT cells as novel target cells for treatment of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0295, USA
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352
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Riese RJ, Shi GP, Villadangos J, Stetson D, Driessen C, Lennon-Dumenil AM, Chu CL, Naumov Y, Behar SM, Ploegh H, Locksley R, Chapman HA. Regulation of CD1 function and NK1.1(+) T cell selection and maturation by cathepsin S. Immunity 2001; 15:909-19. [PMID: 11754813 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NK1.1(+) T cells develop and function through interactions with cell surface CD1 complexes. In I-A(b) mice lacking the invariant chain (Ii) processing enzyme, cathepsin S, NK1.1(+) T cell selection and function are impaired. In vitro, thymic dendritic cells (DCs) from cathepsin S(-/-) mice exhibit defective presentation of the CD1-restricted antigen, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). CD1 dysfunction is secondary to defective trafficking of CD1, which colocalizes with Ii fragments and accumulates within endocytic compartments of cathepsin S(-/-) DCs. I-A(k), cathepsin S(-/-) mice do not accumulate class II-associated Ii fragments and accordingly do not display CD1 abnormalities. Thus, function of CD1 is critically linked to processing of Ii, revealing MHC class II haplotype and cathepsin S activity as regulators of NK T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Riese
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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353
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Adachi K, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura S, Seki E, Nakano H, Takeuchi O, Takeda K, Okumura K, Van Kaer L, Okamura H, Akira S, Nakanishi K. Plasmodium berghei infection in mice induces liver injury by an IL-12- and toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent mechanism. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:5928-34. [PMID: 11698470 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.10.5928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium spp., is a life cycle-specific disease that includes liver injury at the erythrocyte stage of the parasite. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying Plasmodium berghei-induced liver injury, which is characterized by the presence of apoptotic and necrotic hepatocytes and dense infiltration of lymphocytes. Although both IL-12 and IL-18 serum levels were elevated after infection, IL-12-deficient, but not IL-18-deficient, mice were resistant to liver injury induced by P. berghei. Neither elevation of serum IL-12 levels nor liver injury was observed in mice deficient in myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), an adaptor molecule shared by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These results demonstrated a requirement of the TLR-MyD88 pathway for induction of IL-12 production during P. berghei infection. Hepatic lymphocytes from P. berghei-infected wild-type mice lysed hepatocytes from both uninfected and infected mice. The hepatocytotoxic action of these cells was blocked by a perforin inhibitor but not by a neutralizing anti-Fas ligand Ab and was up-regulated by IL-12. Surprisingly, these cells killed hepatocytes in an MHC-unrestricted manner. However, CD1d-deficient mice that lack CD1d-restricted NK T cells, were susceptible to liver injury induced by P. berghei. Collectively, our results indicate that the liver injury induced by P. berghei infection of mice induces activation of the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway which results in IL-12 production and activation of the perforin-dependent cytotoxic activities of MHC-unrestricted hepatic lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/analysis
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Drosophila Proteins
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Female
- Hepatitis, Animal/etiology
- Hepatitis, Animal/parasitology
- Hepatitis, Animal/pathology
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/physiology
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Interleukin-18/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Malaria/etiology
- Malaria/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Perforin
- Plasmodium berghei
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptors
- fas Receptor/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- K Adachi
- Department of Immunology and Medical Zoology, Institute for Advanced Medical Science, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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354
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Bannai M, Kawamura T, Naito T, Kameyama H, Abe T, Kawamura H, Tsukada C, Watanabe H, Hatakeyama K, Hamada H, Nishiyama Y, Ishikawa H, Takeda K, Okumura K, Taniguchi M, Abo T. Abundance of unconventional CD8(+) natural killer T cells in the large intestine. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:3361-9. [PMID: 11745354 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3361::aid-immu3361>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are mainly present in the liver and thymus, and the majority of these T cells express either a CD4(+) or a double-negative (DN) CD4(-)8(-) phenotype. In the present study, we examined whether such NKT cells were present in the intestine. NKT cells were rare in all sites of the small intestine, including an intraepithelial site. However, a considerable number of NKT cells were found at an intraepithelial site in the large intestine. This result was confirmed by both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. In contrast to conventional NKT cells, NKT cells in the large intestine were CD8(+) or DN CD4(-)8(-). In the case of conventional NKT cells, their existence is known to depend on non-classical MHC class I-like antigens (i. e. CD1d) but not on classical MHC class I antigens. However, the NKT cells in the large intestine were independent of the presence of both CD1d and classical MHC class I antigens. These results were obtained using knockout mice lacking the corresponding genes and molecules. NKT cells in the large intestine were mainly alpha betaTCR(+) (> 75 %) but did not use an invariant chain of Valpha14Jalpha281, which is preferentially used by conventional NKT cells. These NKT cells did not bias the TCR-Vbeta usage toward Vbeta8. These findings suggest that the large intestine is a site in which unconventional NKT cells carrying the CD8(+) phenotype (or DN CD4(-)8(-)) are abundant and that these cells are independent of MHC and MHC-like antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bannai
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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355
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Abstract
Members of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules bind and present a variety of mammalian and microbial glycolipids for specific recognition by T cells. CD1 proteins accomplish their antigen-presenting function by binding the alkyl chains of the antigens within a deep, hydrophobic groove on the membrane distal surface of CD1, making the hydrophilic elements of the antigen available for contact with the variable regions of antigen-specific T-cell receptors. Most models of CD1-restricted T cells function in infectious, neoplastic, or autoimmune diseases and are based on the premise that CD1-restricted T-cell responses are initiated by alterations in cellular glycolipid content. Although a growing number of self, altered self and foreign glycolipid antigens have been identified, the cellular mechanisms that could lead to the generation of antigenic glycolipids within cells, or control the presentation of particular classes of altered self or microbial glycolipids in disease states have only recently come under investigation. Here we review the structures of known glycolipid antigens for T cells and discuss how the chemical nature of these antigens, which is quite different from that of peptides, influences their recognition by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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356
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Ohwatari R, Iwabuchi K, Iwabuchi C, Morohashi T, Sawa H, Hioki K, Kobayashi K, Fukuda S, Inuyama Y, Onoé K. Developmental and functional analyses of CD8(+) NK1.1(+) T cells in class-I-restricted TCR transgenic mice. Cell Immunol 2001; 213:24-33. [PMID: 11747353 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a class-I-restricted T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice (Tgm), 2C (Valpha3.1/Vbeta 8.2, specific for L(d) + LSPFPFDL), the development and cytokine production of tg-TCR(+) NKT cells were analyzed. We found that CD8(+) or double negative (DN) NKT cells constituted a major population of NKT cells in the H-2(b/b) 2C Tgm (positive selecting background) or the H-2(b/d) 2C Tgm (negative selecting background), respectively. Virtually no NKT cells were generated in the H-2(k/k) 2C Tgm (neutral selecting background). CD8(+) NKT cells in the H-2(b/b) 2C Tgm expressed CD8alphabeta heterodimers, whereas those in the H-2(b/d) 2C Tgm expressed CD8alphaalpha homodimers. These findings suggest that development of a subpopulation of NKT cells is influenced by the H-2 molecules. Upon stimulation with anti-CD3 mAb, tg-TCR(+) NKT cells generated in the H-2(b/b) and H-2(b/d) backgrounds produced IFN-gamma, but not IL-4.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Homeodomain Proteins/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type
- Liver/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ohwatari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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357
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Spence PM, Sriram V, Van Kaer L, Hobbs JA, Brutkiewicz RR. Generation of cellular immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is independent of CD1d1 expression. Immunology 2001; 104:168-74. [PMID: 11683957 PMCID: PMC1783302 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1 molecules are cell surface glycoproteins, structurally similar to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The murine CD1d1 molecule has been shown to be essential for the positive selection of a unique subpopulation of T cells [the natural killer (NK) T cells], as CD1d1-deficient mice lack NK T cells. These cells have recently been suggested to play an important role in the induction of innate immunity (i.e. NK cells) and the regulation of immune homeostasis. As such, it was asked whether NK T cells were necessary for the generation of cellular immunity to an acute virus infection. In these studies, the Armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a classic inducer of NK cells, and its pathogenic variant clone 13 were used. When NK-cell activity was assessed on day 3 post-LCMV infection, surprisingly, it was found that CD1d1-deficient mice could generate NK-cell activity at wild-type levels. Likewise, LCMV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in CD1d1-deficient mice was indistinguishable from that generated in wild-type mice. Additionally, viral titres in the spleen (LCMV Armstrong) and blood (LCMV clone 13) of infected CD1d1-deficient mice were at comparable levels to those found in wild-type mice, as were virus infection-induced increases in cell surface H-2Kb in the spleen. Therefore, these results suggest that the LCMV-induced generation of NK-cell and virus-specific CTL activity, as well as viral clearance, are independent of CD1d1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Spence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Walther Oncology Centre, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5254, USA
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358
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Tahir SM, Cheng O, Shaulov A, Koezuka Y, Bubley GJ, Wilson SB, Balk SP, Exley MA. Loss of IFN-gamma production by invariant NK T cells in advanced cancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4046-50. [PMID: 11564825 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NK T cells express certain NK cell receptors and an invariant TCRalpha chain specific for the MHC class I-like CD1d protein. These invariant NK T cells can regulate diverse immune responses in mice, including antitumor responses, through mechanisms including rapid production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma, but their physiological functions remain uncertain. Invariant NK T cells were markedly decreased in peripheral blood from advanced prostate cancer patients, and their ex vivo expansion with a CD1d-presented lipid Ag (alpha-galactosylceramide) was diminished compared with healthy donors. Invariant NK T cells from healthy donors produced high levels of both IFN-gamma and IL-4. In contrast, whereas invariant NK T cells from prostate cancer patients also produced IL-4, they had diminished IFN-gamma production and a striking decrease in their IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio. The IFN-gamma deficit was specific to the invariant NK T cells, as bulk T cells from prostate cancer patients produced normal levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4. These findings support an immunoregulatory function for invariant NK T cells in humans mediated by differential production of Th1 vs Th2 cytokines. They further indicate that antitumor responses may be suppressed by the marked Th2 bias of invariant NK T cells in advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Tahir
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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359
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Abstract
Cytokines are regulatory glycoproteins that can affect virtually every cell type in the body and have pleiotropic regulatory effects on hematopoietic, endocrine, nervous and immune systems. Chemokines, although considered as members of the cytokine superfamily, are establishing their own identity. Chemokines mediate leukocyte migration through specific G protein coupled receptors in various tissues. Recently, much evidence has suggested that cytokines and chemokines play a very important role in the reproduction, i.e. embryo implantation, endometrial development, and trophoblast growth and differentiation by modulating the immune and endocrine systems. The close correlation between the embryo and endometrium and between the placenta and decidua are mediated by sex steroid hormones, cytokines and chemokines. As a result of this closely related cross-talk, pregnancy is successfully maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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360
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Cerwenka A, Baron JL, Lanier LL. Ectopic expression of retinoic acid early inducible-1 gene (RAE-1) permits natural killer cell-mediated rejection of a MHC class I-bearing tumor in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:11521-6. [PMID: 11562472 PMCID: PMC58762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.201238598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1986, Kärre and colleagues reported that natural killer (NK) cells rejected an MHC class I-deficient tumor cell line (RMA-S) but they did not reject the same cell line if it expressed MHC class I (RMA). Based on this observation, they proposed the concept that NK cells provide immune surveillance for "missing self," e.g., they eliminate cells that have lost class I MHC antigens. This seminal observation predicted the existence of inhibitory NK cell receptors for MHC class I. Here, we present evidence that NK cells are able to reject tumors expressing MHC class I if the tumor expresses a ligand for NKG2D. Mock-transfected RMA cells resulted in tumor formation. In contrast, when RMA cells were transfected with the retinoic acid early inducible gene-1 gamma or delta (RAE-1), ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D, the tumors were rejected. The tumor rejection was mediated by NK cells, and not by CD1-restricted NK1.1(+) T cells. No T cell-mediated immunological memory against the parental tumor was generated in the animals that had rejected the RAE-1 transfected tumors, which succumbed to rechallenge with the parental RMA tumor. Therefore, NK cells are able to reject a tumor expressing RAE-1 molecules, despite expression of self MHC class I on the tumor, demonstrating the potential for NK cells to participate in immunity against class I-bearing malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cerwenka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414, USA
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361
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Chan OT, Paliwal V, McNiff JM, Park SH, Bendelac A, Shlomchik MJ. Deficiency in beta(2)-microglobulin, but not CD1, accelerates spontaneous lupus skin disease while inhibiting nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) nice: an example of disease regulation at the organ level. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:2985-90. [PMID: 11509649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.5.2985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
When mutations that inactivate molecules that function in the immune system have been crossed to murine lupus strains, the result has generally been a uniform up-regulation or down-regulation of autoimmune disease in the end organs. In the current work we report an interesting dissociation of target organ disease in beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m)-deficient MRL-Fas(lpr) (MRL/lpr) mice: lupus skin lesions are accelerated, whereas nephritis is ameliorated. beta(2)m deficiency affects the expression of classical and nonclassical MHC molecules and thus prevents the normal development of CD8- as well as CD1-dependent NK1(+) T cells. To further define the mechanism by which beta(2)m deficiency accelerates skin disease, we studied CD1-deficient MRL/lpr mice. These mice do not have accelerated skin disease, excluding a CD1 or NK1(+) T cell-dependent mechanism of beta(2)m deficiency. The data indicate that the regulation of systemic disease is not solely governed by regulation of initial activation of autoreactive lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid tissue, as this is equally relevant to renal and skin diseases. Rather, regulation of autoimmunity can also occur at the target organ level, explaining the divergence of disease in skin and kidney in beta(2)m-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Chan
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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362
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Hong S, Wilson MT, Serizawa I, Wu L, Singh N, Naidenko OV, Miura T, Haba T, Scherer DC, Wei J, Kronenberg M, Koezuka Y, Van Kaer L. The natural killer T-cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide prevents autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. Nat Med 2001; 7:1052-6. [PMID: 11533710 DOI: 10.1038/nm0901-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is mediated by pathogenic T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells that arise because of a deficiency in regulatory or suppressor T cells. V alpha 14-J alpha 15 natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize lipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein CD1d (refs. 3,4). We have previously shown that in vivo activation of V alpha 14 NKT cells by alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) and CD1d potentiates Th2-mediated adaptive immune responses. Here we show that alpha-GalCer prevents development of diabetes in wild-type but not CD1d-deficient NOD mice. Disease prevention correlated with the ability of alpha-GalCer to suppress interferon-gamma but not interleukin-4 production by NKT cells, to increase serum immunoglobulin E levels, and to promote the generation of islet autoantigen-specific Th2 cells. Because alpha-GalCer recognition by NKT cells is conserved among mice and humans, these findings indicate that alpha-GalCer might be useful for therapeutic intervention in human diseases characterized by Th1-mediated pathology such as Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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363
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Das G, Sheridan S, Janeway CA. The source of early IFN-gamma that plays a role in Th1 priming. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:2004-10. [PMID: 11489982 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
When naive CD4 T cells are primed, they rapidly differentiate into polarized Th1 and/or Th2 phenotypes. A major factor in producing such polarization is the early production of cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-gamma in the case of Th1 cells and IL-4 in the case of Th2 cells). One issue that remains unresolved is the source of the early IFN-gamma that synergizes with IL-12 to fully polarize CD4 T cells into Th1 cells. We have examined this question by injecting mice with anti-CD3 and examining cells from normal and various MHC-knockout mice. We found that IFN-gamma is induced rapidly in a small subset of CD8 T cells. This subset is absent in mice that lack beta2-microglobulin, but not in K(b)D(b)-double-knockout mice, indicating that these CD8 T cells are dependent on nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules. The early burst of IFN-gamma polarizes CD4 T cells toward Th1 cells, in part by stimulating the release of IL-12 from APC. We also use TAP- and CD1-knockout mice to show that such cells are not CD1-restricted NK T cells, nor are they dependent on TAP-1 transport for surface expression of the relevant MHC class Ib molecule. Therefore, they arise on MHC class Ib molecules that do not depend on TAP-1 transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Das
- Section of Immunobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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364
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Baur N, Nerz G, Nil A, Eichmann K. Expression and selection of productively rearranged TCR beta VDJ genes are sequentially regulated by CD3 signaling in the development of NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells. Int Immunol 2001; 13:1031-42. [PMID: 11470773 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.8.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of thymic NK1.1(+)alpha beta T (NKT) cells involves positive selection of cells enriched for V(alpha)14/V(beta)8 TCR by CD1d MHC class I molecules. However, it has not been determined whether positive selection is preceded by pre-TCR-dependent beta selection. Here we studied NKT cell development in CD3 signaling-deficient mice (CD3 zeta/eta(-/-) and/or p56(lck-/-)) and TCR alpha-deficient mice. In contrast to wild-type mice, NK1.1(+) thymocytes in CD3 signaling-deficient mice are approximately 10-fold reduced in number, do not exhibit V(alpha)14-J(alpha)281 rearrangements and fail to express alpha beta TCR at the cell surface. However, they exhibit TCR beta VDJ rearrangements and pre-T alpha mRNA, suggesting that they contain pre-NKT cells. Strikingly, pre-NKT cells of CD3 zeta/Lck double-deficient mice fail to express TCR beta mRNA and protein. Whereas in wild-type NKT cells TCR beta VDJ junctions are selected for productive V(beta)8 and against productive V(beta)5 rearrangements, V(beta)8 and V(beta)5 rearrangements are non-selected in pre-NKT cells of CD3 signaling-deficient mice. Thus, pre-NKT cell development in CD3 signaling-deficient mice is blocked after rearrangement of TCR beta VDJ genes but before expression of TCR beta proteins. Most NKT cells of TCR alpha-deficient mice exhibit cell surface gamma delta TCR. In contrast to pre-NKT cells of CD3 signaling-deficient mice, approximately 25% of NKT cells of TCR alpha-deficient mice exhibit intracellular TCR beta polypeptide chains. Moreover, both V(beta)8 and V(beta)5 families are selected for in-frame VDJ joints in the TCR beta(+) NKT cell subset of TCR alpha-deficient mice. The data suggest that CD3 signals regulate initial TCR beta VDJ gene expression prior to beta selection in developing pre-NKT cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- RNA Precursors/metabolism
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/deficiency
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baur
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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365
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Hammond KJ, Pellicci DG, Poulton LD, Naidenko OV, Scalzo AA, Baxter AG, Godfrey DI. CD1d-restricted NKT cells: an interstrain comparison. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:1164-73. [PMID: 11466330 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted Valpha14-Jalpha281 invariant alphabetaTCR(+) (NKT) cells are well defined in the C57BL/6 mouse strain, but they remain poorly characterized in non-NK1.1-expressing strains. Surrogate markers for NKT cells such as alphabetaTCR(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) and DX5(+)CD3(+) have been used in many studies, although their effectiveness in defining this lineage remains to be verified. Here, we compare NKT cells among C57BL/6, NK1.1-congenic BALB/c, and NK1.1-congenic nonobese diabetic mice. NKT cells were identified and compared using a range of approaches: NK1.1 expression, surrogate phenotypes used in previous studies, labeling with CD1d/alpha-galactosylceramide tetramers, and cytokine production. Our results demonstrate that NKT cells and their CD4/CD8-defined subsets are present in all three strains, and confirm that nonobese diabetic mice have a numerical and functional deficiency in these cells. We also highlight the hazards of using surrogate phenotypes, none of which accurately identify NKT cells, and one in particular (DX5(+)CD3(+)) actually excludes these cells. Finally, our results support the concept that NK1.1 expression may not be an ideal marker for CD1d-restricted NKT cells, many of which are NK1.1-negative, especially within the CD4(+) subset and particularly in NK1.1-congenic BALB/c mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD1/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/metabolism
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- Binding Sites/immunology
- CD24 Antigen
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD8 Antigens/biosynthesis
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Galactosylceramides/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- L-Selectin/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Count
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Species Specificity
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Hammond
- Department Pathology and Immunology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Melbourne, VIC 3181, Australia
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366
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Mannoor MK, Weerasinghe A, Halder RC, Reza S, Morshed M, Ariyasinghe A, Watanabe H, Sekikawa H, Abo T. Resistance to malarial infection is achieved by the cooperation of NK1.1(+) and NK1.1(-) subsets of intermediate TCR cells which are constituents of innate immunity. Cell Immunol 2001; 211:96-104. [PMID: 11591113 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the major expanding lymphocytes were intermediate TCR (TCR(int)) cells (mainly NK1.1(-)) during malarial infection in mice. Cell transfer experiments of TCR(int) cells indicated that these T cells mediated resistance to malaria. However, TCR(int) cells always contain NK1.1(+)TCR(int) cells (i.e., NKT cells) and controversial results (NKT cells were effective or not for resistance to malaria) have been reported by different investigators. In this study, we used CD1d((-/-)) mice, which almost completely lack NKT cells in the liver and other immune organs. Parasitemia was prolonged in the blood of CD1d((-/-)) mice and the expansion of lymphocytes in the liver of these mice was more prominent after an injection of Plasmodium yoelii-infected erythrocytes. However, these mice finally recovered from malaria. In contrast to B6 mice, CD4(-)8(-) NKT cells as well as NK1.1(-)CD3(int) cells expanded in CD1d((-/-)) mice after malarial infection, instead of CD4(+) (and CD8(+)) NKT cells. These newly generated CD4(-)8(-)NKT cells in CD1d((-/-)) mice did not use an invariant chain of Valpha14Jalpha281 for TCRalpha. Other evidence was that severe thymic atrophy and autoantibody production were accompanied by malarial infection, irrespective of the mice used. These results suggest that both NK1.1(-) and NK1.1(+) subsets of TCR(int) cells (i.e., constituents of innate immunity) are associated with resistance to malaria and that an autoimmune-like state is induced during malarial infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/analysis
- Interleukin-4/analysis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Kinetics
- Lectins, C-Type
- Liver/injuries
- Liver/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Malaria/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Plasmodium yoelii/immunology
- Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Mannoor
- Department of Immunology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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367
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Abstract
The hematopoietic-specific Rho-family GTP exchange factor Vav-1 is a regulator of lymphocyte antigen receptor signaling and mediates normal maturation and activation of B and T cells. Recent findings suggest that Vav-1 also forms part of signaling pathways required for natural and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human NK cells. In this study, we show that Vav-1 is also expressed in murine NK cells. Vav-1(-/-) mice had normal numbers of splenic NK cells, and these displayed a similar expression profile of NK cell receptors as wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, IL-2-activated Vav-1(-/-) NK cells retained normal ADCC. Fc-receptor mediated activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 was also normal. In contrast, Vav-1(-/-) NK cells exhibited reduced natural cytotoxicity against EL4, C4.4.25, RMA and RMA/S. Together, the results demonstrate that Vav-1 is dispensable for mainstream NK cell development, but is required for NK natural cytotoxicity. Unlike the findings for NK cells, NK T cells were dramatically diminished in Vav-1(-/-) mice and splenocytes from Vav-1 mutant mice failed to produce IL-4 in response to in vivo CD3 stimulation. These data highlight the important role of Vav-1 in NK T cell development and NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chan
- Abteilung Physiologische Chemie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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368
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Benton KA, Misplon JA, Lo CY, Brutkiewicz RR, Prasad SA, Epstein SL. Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus in mice lacking IgA, all Ig, NKT cells, or gamma delta T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:7437-45. [PMID: 11390496 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of broad cross-protection to influenza viruses of different subtypes, termed heterosubtypic immunity, remain incompletely understood. We used knockout mouse strains to examine the potential for heterosubtypic immunity in mice lacking IgA, all Ig and B cells, NKT cells (CD1 knockout mice), or gamma(delta) T cells. Mice were immunized with live influenza A virus and compared with controls immunized with unrelated influenza B virus. IgA(-/-) mice survived full respiratory tract challenge with heterosubtypic virus that was lethal to controls. IgA(-/-) mice also cleared virus from the nasopharynx and lungs following heterosubtypic challenge limited to the upper respiratory tract, where IgA has been shown to play an important role. Ig(-/-) mice controlled the replication of heterosubtypic challenge virus in the lungs. Acute depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subsets abrogated this clearance of virus, thus indicating that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are required for protection in the absence of Ig. These results in Ig(-/-) mice indicate that CD4+ T cells can function by mechanisms other than providing help to B cells for the generation of Abs. Like wild-type mice, CD1(-/-) mice and gamma(delta) (-/-) mice survived lethal heterosubtypic challenge. Acute depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells abrogated heterosubtypic protection in gamma(delta) (-/-) mice, but not B6 controls, suggesting a contribution of gamma(delta) T cells. Our results demonstrate that the Ab and cellular subsets deficient in these knockout mice are not required for heterosubtypic protection, but each may play a role in a multifaceted response that as a whole is more effective than any of its parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Benton
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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369
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Shi FD, Flodstrom M, Balasa B, Kim SH, Van Gunst K, Strominger JL, Wilson SB, Sarvetnick N. Germ line deletion of the CD1 locus exacerbates diabetes in the NOD mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:6777-82. [PMID: 11390999 PMCID: PMC34429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.121169698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative defects in CD1-restricted natural killer T cells have been reported in several autoimmune-prone strains of mice, including the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. These defects are believed to be associated with the emergence of spontaneous autoimmunity. Here we demonstrate that both CD1d-null NOD and CD1d-null NOD/BDC2.5 T cell receptor transgenic mice have an accelerated onset and increased incidence of diabetes when compared with CD1d(+/-) and CD1d(+/+) littermates. The acceleration of disease did not seem to result from changes in the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance because lymphocytes purified from lymphoid organs and pancreatic islets of wild-type and CD1d-null mice secreted equivalent amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-4 after stimulation. In contrast, the pancreata of CD1d-null mice harbored significantly higher numbers of activated memory T cells expressing the chemokine receptor CCR4. Notably, the presence of these T cells was associated with immunohistochemical evidence of increased destructive insulitis. Thus, CD1d-restricted T cells are critically important for regulation of the spontaneous disease process in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Shi
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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370
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Hayakawa Y, Takeda K, Yagita H, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Van Kaer L, Saiki I, Okumura K. Critical contribution of IFN-γ and NK cells, but not perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, to anti-metastatic effect of α-galactosylceramide. Eur J Immunol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1720::aid-immu1720>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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371
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Lee NA, Gelfand EW, Lee JJ. Pulmonary T cells and eosinophils: coconspirators or independent triggers of allergic respiratory pathology? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107:945-57. [PMID: 11398070 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Etiologic discussions of allergic respiratory pathology frequently engender rabid constituencies of pro-T cell or proeosinophil disciples, each claiming, often with religious fervor, the importance of their leukocyte. However, increasing evidence suggests that the exclusionary rhetoric from either camp is inadequate to explain many of the pathologic changes occurring in the lung. Data from both asthmatic patient and mouse models of allergic respiratory inflammation suggest that, in addition to cell-autonomous activities, T-cell and eosinophil interactions may be critical to the onset and progression of pulmonary pathology. These studies also suggest that T-lymphocyte subpopulations and eosinophils communicate by means of both direct cell-cell interactions and through the secretion of inflammatory signals. Collectively, the data support an expanded view of T-cell and eosinophil activities in the lung, including both immunoregulative activities and downstream effector functions impinging directly on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, 13400 E. Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
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372
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Baker J, Verneris MR, Ito M, Shizuru JA, Negrin RS. Expansion of cytolytic CD8(+) natural killer T cells with limited capacity for graft-versus-host disease induction due to interferon gamma production. Blood 2001; 97:2923-31. [PMID: 11342413 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.10.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells with natural killer cell phenotype and function (NKT cells) have been described in both human and murine tissues. In this study, culture conditions were developed that resulted in the expansion of CD8(+) NKT cells from bone marrow, thymus, and spleen by the timed addition of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. After 14 to 21 days in culture, dramatic expansion of CD3(+), CD8(+), alphabetaT-cell receptor(+) T cells resulted with approximately 20% to 50% of the cells also expressing the NK markers NK1.1 and DX5. The CD8(+) NKT cells demonstrated lytic activity against several tumor target cells with more than 90% lysis by day 14 to day 21 of culture. Cytotoxicity was observed against both syngeneic and allogeneic tumor cell targets with the greatest lytic activity by the cells expressing either NK1.1 or DX5. The expanded CD8(+) NKT cells produce T(H)1-type cytokines with high levels of IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Expansion of the CD8(+) NKT cells was independent of CD1d. Ly49 molecules were expressed on only a minority of cells. A single injection of expanded CD8(+) NKT cells was capable of protecting syngeneic animals from an otherwise lethal dose of Bcl1 leukemia cells. Expanded CD8(+) NKT cells produced far less graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) than splenocytes across major histocompatibility barriers, even when 10 times the number of CD8(+) NKT cells as compared to splenocytes were injected. This reduction in GVHD was related to IFN-gamma production since cells expanded from IFN-gamma knock-out animals caused acute lethal GVHD, whereas cells expanded from animals defective in fas ligand, fas, IL-2, and perforin did not. These data indicate that CD8(+) NKT cells expanded in this fashion could be useful for preserving graft-versus-leukemia activity without causing GVHD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Bone Marrow Cells
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Graft vs Host Disease
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Phenotype
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Thymus Gland/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Baker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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373
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Hayakawa Y, Takeda K, Yagita H, Van Kaer L, Saiki I, Okumura K. Differential regulation of Th1 and Th2 functions of NKT cells by CD28 and CD40 costimulatory pathways. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:6012-8. [PMID: 11342617 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.10.6012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Valpha14 NKT cells produce large amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-4 upon recognition of their specific ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) by their invariant TCR. We show here that NKT cells constitutively express CD28, and that blockade of CD28-CD80/CD86 interactions by anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 mAbs inhibits the alpha-GalCer-induced IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by splenic Valpha14 NKT cells. On the other, the blockade of CD40-CD154 interactions by anti-CD154 mAb inhibited alpha-GalCer-induced IFN-gamma production, but not IL-4 production. Consistent with these findings, CD28-deficient mice showed impaired IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in response to alpha-GalCer stimulation in vitro and in vivo, whereas production of IFN-gamma but not IL-4 was impaired in CD40-deficient mice. Moreover, alpha-GalCer-induced Th1-type responses, represented by enhanced cytotoxic activity of splenic or hepatic mononuclear cells and antimetastatic effect, were impaired in both CD28-deficient mice and CD40-deficient mice. In contrast, alpha-GalCer-induced Th2-type responses, represented by serum IgE and IgG1 elevation, were impaired in the absence of the CD28 costimulatory pathway but not in the absence of the CD40 costimulatory pathway. These results indicate that CD28-CD80/CD86 and CD40-CD154 costimulatory pathways differentially contribute to the regulation of Th1 and Th2 functions of Valpha14 NKT cells in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- B7-1 Antigen/physiology
- B7-2 Antigen
- CD28 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/physiology
- CD40 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Antigens/physiology
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/physiology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Galactosylceramides/administration & dosage
- Galactosylceramides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Galactosylceramides/pharmacology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Interferon-gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hayakawa
- Department of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Research Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan
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374
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Exley MA, Bigley NJ, Cheng O, Tahir SMA, Smiley ST, Carter QL, Stills HF, Grusby MJ, Koezuka Y, Taniguchi M, Balk SP. CD1d‐reactive T‐cell activation leads to amelioration of disease caused by diabetogenic encephalomyocarditis virus. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.69.5.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Exley
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Beth Israel‐Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy J. Bigley
- Microbiology/Immunology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Olivia Cheng
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Beth Israel‐Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Tahir
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Beth Israel‐Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masuru Taniguchi
- Core Research in Evolution, Science, and Technology (CREST), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology/Oncology Division, Beth Israel‐Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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375
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Habu Y, Seki S, Takayama E, Ohkawa T, Koike Y, Ami K, Majima T, Hiraide H. The mechanism of a defective IFN-gamma response to bacterial toxins in an atopic dermatitis model, NC/Nga mice, and the therapeutic effect of IFN-gamma, IL-12, or IL-18 on dermatitis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:5439-47. [PMID: 11313381 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NC/Nga (NC) mice raised under conventional conditions (Conv. NC mice) spontaneously develop dermatitis similar to human atopic dermatitis, whereas NC mice raised under the specific pathogen-free conditions do not develop dermatitis. In the present study, we show that the representative Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma levels in the sera of NC mice, injected with either staphylococcal enterotoxin B or endotoxin (LPS), to be severalfold lower than those of normal mice. The low IFN-gamma response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B was correlated to the lack of regular Vbeta8(+) T cells and Vbeta8(+) NK T cells, and the low IFN-gamma response to LPS was correlated to an impaired IL-18 production of macrophages. The CD3-stimulated IL-4 production from liver and spleen T cells from Conv. NC mice in vitro was greatly augmented. The serum IL-4 levels of untreated Conv. NC mice also were higher than those of normal mice and specific pathogen-free NC mice. Treatment of Conv. NC mice either with IFN-gamma, IL-12, or IL-18 twice a week from 4 wk of age substantially inhibited the elevation of the serum IgE levels, serum IL-4 levels, and dermatitis, and IL-12 or IL-18 treatment also reduced the in vitro IL-4 production from CD3-stimulated liver T cells. The systemic deficiency in the Th1 response to bacterial stimulation thus leads to a Th2-dominant state and may induce an abnormal cellular immune response in the skin accompanied with an overproduction of IgE and a susceptibility to dermatitis in NC mice.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/prevention & control
- Disease Susceptibility
- Enterotoxins/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Immune Sera/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin E/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-12/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-18/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/deficiency
- Interleukin-18/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/blood
- Interleukin-4/deficiency
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/immunology
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Habu
- Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan
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376
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Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in our understanding of the cellular components of the innate immune system, the receptors used to distinguish changes in homeostasis, and how these components integrate into an anti-tumor effector response. Recently, significant progress has been made in the identification of ligands for receptors that activate NK cells, and the results have implications for the recognition of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Soloski
- Division of Rheumatology and the Program in Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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377
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Iwabuchi K, Iwabuchi C, Tone S, Itoh D, Tosa N, Negishi I, Ogasawara K, Uede T, Onoé K. Defective development of NK1.1+ T-cell antigen receptor alphabeta+ cells in zeta-associated protein 70 null mice with an accumulation of NK1.1+ CD3- NK-like cells in the thymus. Blood 2001; 97:1765-75. [PMID: 11238119 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.6.1765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of natural killer 1.1+ (NK1.1+) CD3+ (NK1.1+ T) cells was analyzed in zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP-70) null ((-/-)) mice. Both NK1.1+ TCRalphabeta+ and NK1.1+ TCRgammadelta+ cell populations were absent in the thymus and spleen. By contrast, the number of NK1.1+ CD3- cells was increased in these tissues. The NK1.1+ CD3- thymocytes in ZAP-70(-/-) mice had surface phenotypes in common with NK or NK1.1+ T cells. However, some of them were discordant either with NK cells or with NK1.1+ T cells. The NK1.1+ CD3- cells produced interferon-gamma upon stimulation with NK1.1 cross-linking in the presence of interleukin-2 and exhibited a substantial cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells. Moreover, the generation of NK1.1+ T cells with invariant Valpha14Jalpha281 chains was induced from the NK1.1+ CD3- thymocytes following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin in a neonatal thymic organ culture. An introduction of TCRalpha and beta transgenes to the ZAP-70(-/-) mice resulted in generation of an NK1.1+ TCRalphabeta(dim) population, whereas no substantial CD4+ CD8- or CD4- CD8+ population that expressed the introduced TCRalphabeta was generated in the mainstream T lineage. These findings demonstrate that ZAP-70 kinase is indispensable for the development of NK1.1+ T cells and that the unique NK1.1+ CD3- thymocytes in ZAP-70(-/-) mice contain immediate precursors of NK1.1+ T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Gene Rearrangement/drug effects
- Immunophenotyping
- Ionomycin/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iwabuchi
- Division of Immunobiology and Molecular Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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378
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Trobonjaca Z, Leithäuser F, Möller P, Bluethmann H, Koezuka Y, MacDonald HR, Reimann J. MHC-II-independent CD4+ T cells induce colitis in immunodeficient RAG-/- hosts. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:3804-12. [PMID: 11238623 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.6.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) alpha beta T cells from either normal C57BL/6 (B6) or MHC-II-deficient (A alpha(-/-) or A beta(-/-)) B6 donor mice engrafted into congenic immunodeficient RAG1(-/-) B6 hosts induced an aggressive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, CD4(+) T cells from CD1d(-/-) knockout (KO) B6 donor mice but not those from MHC-I(-/-) (homozygous transgenic mice deficient for beta(2)-microglobulin) KO B6 mice induced a colitis in RAG(-/-) hosts. Abundant numbers of in vivo activated (CD69(high)CD44(high)CD28(high)) NK1(+) and NK1(-) CD4(+) T cells were isolated from the inflamed colonic lamina propria (cLP) of transplanted mice with IBD that produced large amounts of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma but low amounts of IL-4 and IL-10. IBD-associated cLP Th1 CD4(+) T cell populations were polyclonal and MHC-II-restricted when derived from normal B6 donor mice, but oligoclonal and apparently MHC-I-restricted when derived from MHC-II-deficient (A alpha(-/-) or A beta(-/-)) B6 donor mice. cLP CD4(+) T cell populations from homozygous transgenic mice deficient for beta(2)-microglobulin KO B6 donor mice engrafted into RAG(-/-) hosts were Th2 and MHC-II restricted. These data indicate that MHC-II-dependent as well as MHC-II-independent CD4(+) T cells can induce a severe and lethal IBD in congenic, immunodeficient hosts, but that the former need the latter to express its IBD-inducing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Trobonjaca
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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379
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Dao T, Exley M, Mehal WZ, Tahir SM, Snapper S, Taniguchi M, Balk SP, Crispe IN. Involvement of CD1 in peripheral deletion of T lymphocytes is independent of NK T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:3090-7. [PMID: 11207260 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.5.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During peripheral T cell deletion, lymphocytes accumulate in nonlymphoid organs including the liver, a tissue that expresses the nonclassical, MHC-like molecule, CD1. Injection of anti-CD3 Ab results in T cell activation, which in normal mice is followed by peripheral T cell deletion. However, in CD1-deficient mice, the deletion of the activated T cells from the lymph nodes was impaired. This defect in peripheral T cell deletion was accompanied by attenuated accumulation of CD8(+) T cells in the liver. In tetra-parental bone marrow chimeras, expression of CD1 on the T cells themselves was not required for T cell deletion, suggesting a role for CD1 on other cells with which the T cells interact. We tested whether this role was dependent on the Ag receptor-invariant, CD1-reactive subset of NK T cells using two other mutant mouse lines that lack most NK T cells, due to deletion of the genes encoding either beta(2)-microglobulin or the TCR element J alpha 281. However, these mice had no abnormality of peripheral T cell deletion. These findings indicate a novel role for CD1 in T cell deletion, and show that CD1 functions in this process through mechanisms that does not involve the major, TCR-invariant set of NK T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4-CD8 Ratio
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Immune Sera/administration & dosage
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dao
- Immunobiology Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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380
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Seino KI, Fukao K, Muramoto K, Yanagisawa K, Takada Y, Kakuta S, Iwakura Y, Van Kaer L, Takeda K, Nakayama T, Taniguchi M, Bashuda H, Yagita H, Okumura K. Requirement for natural killer T (NKT) cells in the induction of allograft tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:2577-81. [PMID: 11226281 PMCID: PMC30180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.041608298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the role of Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells in transplant immunity. The ability to reject allografts was not significantly different between wild-type (WT) and Valpha14 NKT cell-deficient mice. However, in models in which tolerance was induced against cardiac allografts by blockade of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or CD28/B7 interactions, long-term acceptance of the grafts was observed only in WT but not Valpha14 NKT cell-deficient mice. Adoptive transfer with Valpha14 NKT cells restored long-term acceptance of allografts in Valpha14 NKT cell-deficient mice. The critical role of Valpha14 NKT cells to mediate immunosuppression was also observed in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures in which lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or CD28/B7 interactions were blocked. Experiments using IL-4- or IFN-gamma-deficient mice suggested a critical contribution of IFN-gamma to the Valpha14 NKT cell-mediated allograft acceptance in vivo. These results indicate a critical contribution of Valpha14 NKT cells to the induction of allograft tolerance and provide a useful model to investigate the regulatory role of Valpha14 NKT cells in various immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Seino
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Science City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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381
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del C. Salamone M, Rabinovich GA, Mendiguren AK, Salamone GV, Fainboim L. Activation‐induced expression of CD1d antigen on mature T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.69.2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María del C. Salamone
- División Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- División Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana K. Mendiguren
- División Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela V. Salamone
- División Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Fainboim
- División Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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382
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Leite-De-Moraes MC, Hameg A, Pacilio M, Koezuka Y, Taniguchi M, Van Kaer L, Schneider E, Dy M, Herbelin A. IL-18 enhances IL-4 production by ligand-activated NKT lymphocytes: a pro-Th2 effect of IL-18 exerted through NKT cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:945-51. [PMID: 11145671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NKT cells are a remarkably versatile population whose functional capacities are determined by cytokines present in their microenvironment. In this study, we provide evidence for a new immunoregulatory effect of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 on NKT cells. We found that IL-18, mainly known for its involvement in NK cell activation and in Th 1 immune responses, substantially enhanced IL-4 production as well as the percentage of IL-4(+) cells among NKT lymphocytes activated by their specific ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer). The effect of IL-18 on IL-4 production by activated NKT cells took place both in vivo and in vitro and was not affected by IL-12 which increased IFN-gamma secretion in the same conditions. We show that NKT cells are the main targets for IL-18-induced IL-4 production since it occurred neither in NKT-deficient mice nor after stimulation of Th2 lymphocytes. Finally, we provide evidence that the IL-4 promptly generated by NKT cells in response to IL-18 plus alpha-galactosylceramide in vivo can effectively contribute to the adaptive Th2 immune response by up-regulating the early activation marker CD69 on B cells. Our data support the notion that, in contrast to the exclusive IFN-gamma inducer IL-12, IL-18 acts in a more subtle manner as a costimulatory factor in both pro-Th1 and pro-Th2 responses depending on the nature of the stimulation and the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Leite-De-Moraes
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8603, Université René Descartes, Paris V, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France.
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383
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Shimamura M, Miura-Ohnuma J, Huang YY. Major sites for the differentiation of V alpha 14(+) NKT cells inferred from the V-J junctional sequences of the invariant T-cell receptor alpha chain. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:56-61. [PMID: 11121102 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted mouse NK1.1(+) TCR alpha beta(+) natural killer T (NKT) cells predominantly use an invariant TCR alpha chain encoded by V alpha 14 and J alpha 281 gene segments with a one-nucleotide N region. We found that NKT cells generated in the culture of fetal liver precursors possessed V alpha 14-J alpha 281 junctions that could be produced without the action of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT), indicating that NKT cells derived from fetal liver precursors are distinguishable from those from adult precursors with TdT expression. In fact, the frequency of the fetal-form sequences decreased with ageing. Surprisingly, the fetal-type sequences were predominantly observed in the lymphoid organs of athymic mice with the exception of bone marrow, where a sequence peculiar to the organ, with TdT-involved conversion from the invariant junction, was frequently present. These findings suggest that there are two independent sites of V alpha 14(+) NKT cell development, the hematopoietic organs throughout life (the developing liver and adult bone marrow) and, principally, the mature thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shimamura
- Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
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384
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Sonoda KH, Faunce DE, Taniguchi M, Exley M, Balk S, Stein-Streilein J. NK T cell-derived IL-10 is essential for the differentiation of antigen-specific T regulatory cells in systemic tolerance. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:42-50. [PMID: 11123275 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In a model of systemic tolerance called Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID), the differentiation of the T regulatory (Tr) cells depends on NK T cells and occurs in the spleen. We now show that the CD1d-reactive NK T cell subpopulation, required for development of systemic tolerance, expresses the invariant V alpha 14J alpha 281 TCR because J alpha 281 knockout (KO) mice were unable to generate Ag-specific Tr cells and ACAID. The mechanism for NK T cell-dependent differentiation of Ag-specific Tr cells mediating systemic tolerance was studied by defining the cytokine profiles in heterogeneous and enriched NK T spleen cells. In contrast to there being no differences in most regulatory cytokine mRNAs, both mRNA and protein for IL-10 were increased in splenic NK T cells of anterior chamber (a.c.)-inoculated mice. However, IL-10 mRNA was not increased in spleens after i.v. inoculation. Finally, NK T cells from wild-type (WT) mice, but not from IL-10 KO mice, reconstituted the ACAID inducing ability in J alpha 281 KO mice. Thus, NK T cell-derived IL-10 is critical for the generation of the Ag-specific Tr cells and systemic tolerance induced to eye-inoculated Ags.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Anterior Chamber/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Injections
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-10/deficiency
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Models, Immunological
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Sonoda
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114, USA
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385
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Azuara V, Grigoriadou K, Lembezat MP, Nagler-Anderson C, Pereira P. Strain-specific TCR repertoire selection of IL-4-producing Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:205-14. [PMID: 11265636 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200101)31:1<205::aid-immu205>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes constitute an unusual subset of mature TCR gamma delta cells which share with NK T cells the expression of cell surface markers usually associated with activated or memory cells and the simultaneous production of high levels of IL-4 and IFN-gamma upon activation. In DBA / 2 mice, Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes express a restricted repertoire of TCR that are composed of the V1 gene product mainly associated with V6.4 chains exhibiting very limited junctional sequence diversity. In this study we have characterized this gamma delta T cell population in different strains of mice and show that Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes are present in every strain tested, albeit at different frequencies. Moreover IL-4 production by gamma delta thymocytes is mainly confined to the Thy-1 dull population in every strain tested. Finally, the repertoire of TCR expressed by Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes varies in different strain of mice, although a biased expression of Vgamma1 and Vdelta6 chains was observed in all strains studied. However, the extent of junctional diversity of the V1 and V6 chains expressed by Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes varied from oligoclonal in DBA/2 mice to polyclonal in FVB/N mice. Thy-1 dull gamma delta thymocytes from mouse strains such as C3H/HeJ and BALB/c contain cells with diverse Vdelta6(D)Jdelta junctions together with cells with relatively homogeneous Vdelta6(D)Jdelta junctions, similar to those found in DBA/2. Thus, the Thy-1 dull gamma delta population appears to contain two subsets of cells which differ in the diversity of their TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Azuara
- Unité du Développement des Lymphocytes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 1961, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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386
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Pál E, Tabira T, Kawano T, Taniguchi M, Miyake S, Yamamura T. Costimulation-dependent modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by ligand stimulation of V alpha 14 NK T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:662-8. [PMID: 11123351 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune disease that can be protected against by stimulating regulatory cells. Here we examined whether EAE can be purposefully modulated by stimulating Valpha14 NK T cells with the CD1d-restricted ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GC). EAE induced in wild-type C57BL/6 (B6) mice was not appreciably altered by injection of alpha-GC. However, EAE induced in IL-4 knockout mice and IFN-gamma knockout mice was enhanced or suppressed by alpha-GC, respectively. This indicates that the IL-4 and IFN-gamma triggered by alpha-GC may play an inhibitory or enhancing role in the regulation of EAE. We next studied whether NK T cells of wild-type mice may switch their Th0-like phenotype toward Th1 or Th2. Notably, in the presence of blocking B7.2 (CD86) mAb, alpha-GC stimulation could bias the cytokine profile of NK T cells toward Th2, whereas presentation of alpha-GC by CD40-activated APC induced a Th1 shift of NK T cells. Furthermore, transfer of the alpha-GC-pulsed APC preparations suppressed or enhanced EAE according to their ability to polarize NK T cells toward Th2 or Th1 in vitro. These results have important implications for understanding the role of NK T cells in autoimmunity and for designing a therapeutic strategy targeting NK T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B7-2 Antigen
- CD40 Antigens/pharmacology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/administration & dosage
- Galactosylceramides/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Isotypes/biosynthesis
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Ligands
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myelin Proteins
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Oligodendroglia/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pál
- Department of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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387
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Terabe M, Matsui S, Noben-Trauth N, Chen H, Watson C, Donaldson DD, Carbone DP, Paul WE, Berzofsky JA. NKT cell-mediated repression of tumor immunosurveillance by IL-13 and the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:515-20. [PMID: 11101874 DOI: 10.1038/82771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using a mouse model in which tumors show a growth-regression-recurrence pattern, we investigated the mechanisms for down-regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor immunosurveillance. We found that interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R) knockout and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) knockout, but not IL-4 knockout, mice resisted tumor recurrence, which implicated IL-13, the only other cytokine that uses the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway. We confirmed this by IL-13 inhibitor (sIL-13R alpha 2-Fc) treatment. Loss of natural killer T cells (NKT cells) in CD1 knockout mice resulted in decreased IL-13 production and resistance to recurrence. Thus, NKT cells and IL-13, possibly produced by NKT cells and signaling through the IL-4R-STAT6 pathway, are necessary for down-regulation of tumor immunosurveillance. IL-13 inhibitors may prove to be a useful tool in cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/metabolism
- CD4 Antigens/metabolism
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Female
- Immunotherapy
- Interleukin-13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-13/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Recurrence
- STAT6 Transcription Factor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M Terabe
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Metabolism Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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388
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Abstract
Invariant CD1d-restricted T cells express NK cell markers and use a limited TCR repertoire. Here, we describe a second CD1d-restricted T cell subset that uses a diverse TCR repertoire. These T cells can also express NK cell markers and function similarly to invariant T cells. The antigens recognized by the diverse subset are likely to be different from those recognized by invariant TCRs. The variable NK1.1 antigen expression on these T cell populations limits its usefulness in identifying CD1d-restricted T cells. Lastly, the discovery of antigens recognized by diverse CD1d-restricted T cells will provide insight into their role in normal and pathological immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Behar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Smith Building-Room 518, One Jimmy Fund Way, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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389
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Abstract
A novel lymphocyte lineage, V alpha 14 NKT cells, has recently been identified and appears to be distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. V alpha 14 NKT cells express a single invariant V alpha 14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. They recognize a glycolipid antigen (alpha -galactosylceramide) or parasitic glycophosphatidylinositols (GPI) in association with a monomorphic class Ib, CD1d, and perform various functions such as Th1 and Th2 cytokine production as well as perforin/granzyme B-mediated cytotoxicity. Although the precise physiological function of V alpha 14 NKT cells remains to be elucidated, emerging experimental evidence suggests their intriguing regulatory features in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taniguchi
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology) Project and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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390
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Matsumoto G, Omi Y, Lee U, Nishimura T, Shindo J, Penninger JM. Adhesion mediated by LFA-1 is required for efficient IL-12-induced NK and NKT cell cytotoxicity. Eur J Immunol 2000; 30:3723-31. [PMID: 11169416 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200012)30:12<3723::aid-immu3723>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12)-activated NK1.1+TCRalpha beta+ (NKT2) and NK1.1+TCRalpha beta- (NK) cells exhibit cytotoxic activity against a wide variety of tumor cells in the absence of prior sensitization. Here we demonstrate that the integrin adhesion receptor LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) regulates the cytotoxic activity of IL-12-activated NKT and NK cells against YAC-1 and EL-4 tumor cells. Differentiation in vivo and the expression of the cytolytic effector molecules perforin and Fas-L were comparable in both IL-12-activated NKT and NK cells from LFA-1-/ - and LFA-1+/+ mice. However, LFA-1-/-IL-12-activated NKT and NK cells showed impaired conjugate formation with target cells. These results provide the first genetic evidence for a role for an adhesion receptor in killing by IL-12-activated NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/analysis
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- Cell Adhesion
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/physiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Proteins/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- G Matsumoto
- Amgen Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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391
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Moodycliffe AM, Nghiem D, Clydesdale G, Ullrich SE. Immune suppression and skin cancer development: regulation by NKT cells. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:521-5. [PMID: 11101875 DOI: 10.1038/82782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is carcinogenic and immunosuppressive. UV-induced immune suppression is mediated by antigen-specific T cells, which can transfer suppression to normal recipients. These cells are essential for controlling skin cancer development in the UV-irradiated host and in suppressing other immune responses, such as delayed-type hypersensitivity. Despite their importance in skin cancer development, their exact identity has remained elusive. We show here that natural killer T cells from UV-irradiated donor mice function as suppressor T cells and play a critical role in regulating the growth of UV-induced skin cancers and suppressing adaptive immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Moodycliffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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392
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Abstract
NK T cells recognize a glycosphingolipid, alpha -galactosyl ceramide, presented by CD1d. CD1d is capable of binding a variety of lipids, however, and the hydrophilic groups of the antigen contribute relatively little to CD1d binding. Amino acids in the CD1d groove and the top of the alpha helices are involved in lipid antigen presentation, suggesting a conventional mode of presentation and antigen recognition. NK T cells also have unique requirements for their differentiation, as suggested by the analysis of a number of mouse germline mutations. For example, the development of NK T cells, unlike conventional T lymphocytes, is highly lymphotoxin dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Elewaut
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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393
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Dang Y, Beckers J, Wang CR, Heyborne KD. Natural killer 1.1(+) alpha beta T cells in the periimplantation uterus. Immunology 2000; 101:484-91. [PMID: 11122452 PMCID: PMC2327106 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.t01-1-00129.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When the developing embryo implants into the uterine wall, resident maternal immune cells may encounter antigens present on the fetal tissues. The nature and constituents of the ensuing maternal immune response, and its regulation, are of considerable interest in understanding normal and abnormal pregnancy. Here, we report the presence of natural killer (NK)1.1(+) alpha beta T cells in the murine periimplantation uterus. These cells account for a large portion of both the T-cell and natural killer cell populations in early pregnancy, while their numbers in the non-pregnant uterus and later in pregnancy are greatly reduced. Phenotypically, these NK1.1+ alpha beta T cells belong to a previously described subset of cells that bear a V alpha 14-J alpha 281-encoded T-cell receptor. Unlike other organs, where both CD4(+) and CD4(-)/CD8(-) NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells are found, the placental/decidual population appears to be entirely CD4(-)/CD8(-). The V beta repertoire of the placental/decidual population is also altered from that of other organs, with a majority of cells expressing V beta 3. Together, these features suggest the possibility of local development. NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells are known to recognize the class I-like CD1 molecule. Consistent with this association, we demonstrate CD1 expression by tissues within the pregnant uterus. Our findings define an additional organ-specific immune environment where NK1.1(+) alpha beta T cells may play a role, and continue to demonstrate the specialized nature of the maternal intrauterine immune system during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dang
- Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, Swedish Medical Center, Denver CO 80110, USA
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394
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Das G, Gould DS, Augustine MM, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Stroynowski I, Van Kaer L, Schust DJ, Ploegh H, Janeway CA, Scitto E. Qa-2-dependent selection of CD8alpha/alpha T cell receptor alpha/beta(+) cells in murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1521-8. [PMID: 11085754 PMCID: PMC2193183 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.10.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIELs) are made up of a heterogeneous mix of T cells with unique phenotypes. Whereas CD8(+) T cells in peripheral lymphoid organs use CD8alpha/beta and are selected on MHC class Ia molecules, a majority of iIELs use CD8alpha/alpha. Here, we report that the presence of CD8alpha/alpha TCR-alpha/beta cells in iIELs is independent of classical MHC class I molecules K(b) and D(b), as illustrated by their presence in K(b)/D(b) double-knockout mice and in mice lacking a nonclassical MHC class I molecule, CD1d. Most strikingly, their presence is decreased by approximately 70% in mice lacking transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). The TAP-dependent nonclassical MHC class I molecule Qa-2 is strongly implicated in the presence of these cells, as inferred from the low numbers of CD8alpha/alpha TCR-alpha/beta T cells in mice deficient in Qa-2 genes. Second, a Qa-2-transgenic mouse made in a Qa-2(-) strain showed an increase in the numbers of CD8alpha/alpha cells among its iIELs. Thus, the presence of CD8alpha/alpha TCR-alpha/beta cells in iIELs is mainly dependent on the nonclassical MHC class I molecule Qa-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Das
- Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8011, USA
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395
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Araujo LM, Puel A, Gouarin C, Hameg A, Mevel JC, Koezuka Y, Bach JF, Mouton D, Herbelin A. NKT lymphocyte ontogeny and function are impaired in low antibody-producer Biozzi mice: gene mapping in the interval-specific congenic strains raised for immunomodulatory genes. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1613-22. [PMID: 11058581 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.11.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells are CD4(+) or CD4(-)CD8(-) CD1d-restricted lymphocytes, characterized by the property to rapidly produce IL-4 and IFN-gamma in response to TCR ligation. This IL-4 burst is lacking in autoimmunity-prone SJL and NOD strains of mice, which suggests an immunoregulatory role for NKT cells. The NKT cell status was thus investigated in the genetically selected high (H) and low (L) antibody-producer mice. The results show that (i) the frequency of cells expressing the NKT cell markers is 3- to 4-fold lower in thymus and spleen from L than H mice, (ii) L mice spleen cells did not produce IL-4 following injection of anti-TCR alpha beta antibody, and (iii) L mice thymus and spleen cells failed to produce IL-4 after in vitro stimulation by anti-TCR alpha beta antibody or alpha-galactosylceramide, a newly described NKT cell ligand. These parameters were investigated in six interval-specific congenic strains raised for the quantitative trait loci which contain the immunomodulatory genes responsible for the high/low antibody production phenotypes. IL-4 production recovery occurred only in the congenic strain in which the H origin chromosome 4 segment was introgressed on the L background. This finding was not due to increased NKT cell frequency but appeared dependent of antigen-presenting cells in co-culture experiments. This result strongly suggests the presence of gene(s) modulating NKT function on chromosome 4, close to several genes predisposing to autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromosome Mapping
- Crosses, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopenia/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Araujo
- INSERM U255, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
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396
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Kumar H, Belperron A, Barthold SW, Bockenstedt LK. Cutting edge: CD1d deficiency impairs murine host defense against the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:4797-801. [PMID: 11046002 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD1 molecules can present microbial lipid Ag to T cells, suggesting that they participate in host defense against pathogens. In this study, we examined the role of CD1d in resistance to infection with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), an organism with proinflammatory lipid Ag. Bb infection of CD1d-deficient (CD1d(-/-)) mouse strains normally resistant to this pathogen resulted in arthritis. Pathology correlated with an increased prevalence of spirochete DNA in tissues and enhanced production of Bb-specific IgG, including IgG to Ag rapidly down-modulated on spirochetes in vivo. CD1d(-/-) mice exhibited high-titer Bb-specific IgG2a, an isotype commonly induced in disease-susceptible mice but not in the disease-resistant control mice in this study. These results show that CD1d deficiency impairs host resistance to a spirochete pathogen, and are the first example of a mutation that imparts Bb-resistant mice with the Ab and disease profile of a susceptible mouse strain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines
- Borrelia burgdorferi Group/immunology
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lipoproteins/immunology
- Lyme Disease/etiology
- Lyme Disease/genetics
- Lyme Disease/immunology
- Lyme Disease Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Urinary Bladder/chemistry
- Urinary Bladder/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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397
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Kambayashi T, Assarsson E, Michaëlsson J, Berglund P, Diehl AD, Chambers BJ, Ljunggren HG. Emergence of CD8+ T cells expressing NK cell receptors in influenza A virus-infected mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:4964-9. [PMID: 11046023 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.4964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in the recovery of the host from viral infections. In the present report, a subset of cells coexpressing CD8 and NKR-P1C (NK1.1) was found in the lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus. These cells were detected at low numbers in the lungs of uninfected mice, but represented up to 10% of the total CD8(+) T cell population at day 10 postinfection. Almost all of the CD8(+)NK1.1(+) cells were CD8alphabeta(+)CD3(+)TCRalphabeta(+) and a proportion of these cells also expressed the NK cell-associated Ly49 receptors. Interestingly, up to 30% of these cells were virus-specific T cells as determined by MHC class I tetramer staining and by intracellular staining of IFN-gamma after viral peptide stimulation. Moreover, these cells were distinct from conventional NKT cells as they were also found at increased numbers in influenza-infected CD1(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that a significant proportion of CD8(+) T cells acquire NK1.1 and other NK cell-associated molecules, and suggests that these receptors may possibly regulate CD8(+) T cell effector functions during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kambayashi
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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398
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Hameg A, Apostolou I, Leite-De-Moraes M, Gombert JM, Garcia C, Koezuka Y, Bach JF, Herbelin A. A subset of NKT cells that lacks the NK1.1 marker, expresses CD1d molecules, and autopresents the alpha-galactosylceramide antigen. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:4917-26. [PMID: 11046017 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present report, we characterize a novel T cell subset that shares with the NKT cell lineage both CD1d-restriction and high reactivity in vivo and in vitro to the alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) glycolipid. These cells preferentially use the canonical Valpha14-Jalpha281 TCR-alpha-chain and Vbeta8 TCR-beta segments, and are stimulated by alpha-GalCer in a CD1d-dependent fashion. However, in contrast to classical NKT cells, they lack the NK1.1 marker and express high surface levels of CD1d molecules. In addition, this NK1.1(-) CD1d(high) T subset, further referred to as CD1d(high) NKT cells, can be distinguished by its unique functional features. Although NK1.1(+) NKT cells require exogenous CD1d-presenting cells to make them responsive to alpha-GalCer, CD1d(high) NKT cells can engage their own surface CD1d in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. Furthermore, in response to alpha-GalCer, CD1d(high) NKT cells produce high amounts of IL-4 and moderate amounts of IFN-gamma, a cytokine profile more consistent with a Th2-like phenotype rather than the Th0-like phenotype typical of NK1.1(+) NKT cells. Our work reveals a far greater level of complexity within the NKT cell population than previously recognized and provides the first evidence for T cells that can be activated upon TCR ligation by CD1d-restricted recognition of their ligand in the absence of conventional APCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD1/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Antigens, CD1/physiology
- Antigens, CD1d
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- Biomarkers
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/administration & dosage
- Galactosylceramides/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocyte Count
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hameg
- Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 25 and Centre Claude Bernard, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
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399
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Niino M, Kikuchi S, Fukazawa T, Yabe I, Tashiro K. Estrogen receptor gene polymorphism in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2000; 179:70-5. [PMID: 11054488 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has been reported to have immunosuppressive functions, and to inhibit the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Since estrogen shows its biological effects via estrogen receptors (ER), we investigate the possible role of ER genes (ERG) in the pathogenesis of MS. PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in ERG were detected by PCR-RFLP from the DNA of 79 conventional MS patients and 73 healthy controls. The [P] allele in the profiles in PvuII was significantly more prevalent in MS patients than in the controls (P<0.0005). In the study of XbaI polymorphism, the onset age of MS patients with the Xx genotype was earlier than that of the xx genotype group (mean age+/-S.D.; 22.60+/-8.04, and 27.49+/-9.14, respectively) (P<0.05) by ANOVA followed by Fisher's PLSD. Although the Xx genotype group tended to earlier onset age than the XX genotype group (29.60+/-11.10), this difference did not reach. On the basis of these results, PvuII polymorphism might be associated with susceptibility to MS, and XbaI polymorphism with onset age of MS. ERG polymorphism should be further studied in other populations to improve strategies for treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niino
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, 060-8638, Sapporo, Japan.
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400
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Assarsson E, Kambayashi T, Sandberg JK, Hong S, Taniguchi M, Van Kaer L, Ljunggren HG, Chambers BJ. CD8+ T cells rapidly acquire NK1.1 and NK cell-associated molecules upon stimulation in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:3673-9. [PMID: 11034371 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.7.3673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NKT cells express both NK cell-associated markers and TCR. Classically, these NK1.1+TCRalphabeta+ cells have been described as being either CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8-. Most NKT cells interact with the nonclassical MHC class I molecule CD1 through a largely invariant Valpha14-Jalpha281 TCR chain in conjunction with either a Vbeta2, -7, or -8 TCR chain. In the present study, we describe the presence of significant numbers of NK1.1+TCRalphabeta+ cells within lymphokine-activated killer cell cultures from wild-type C57BL/6, CD1d1-/-, and Jalpha281-/- mice that lack classical NKT cells. Unlike classical NKT cells, 50-60% of these NK1.1+TCRalphabeta+ cells express CD8 and have a diverse TCR Vbeta repertoire. Purified NK1.1-CD8alpha+ T cells from the spleens of B6 mice, upon stimulation with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-15 in vitro, rapidly acquire surface expression of NK1.1. Many NK1.1+CD8+ T cells had also acquired expression of Ly-49 receptors and other NK cell-associated molecules. The acquisition of NK1.1 expression on CD8+ T cells was a particular property of the IL-2Rbeta+ subpopulation of the CD8+ T cells. Efficient NK1.1 expression on CD8+ T cells required Lck but not Fyn. The induction of NK1.1 on CD8+ T cells was not just an in vitro phenomenon as we observed a 5-fold increase of NK1.1+CD8+ T cells in the lungs of influenza virus-infected mice. These data suggest that CD8+ T cells can acquire NK1.1 and other NK cell-associated molecules upon appropriate stimulation in vitro and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Surface
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/immunology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Lectins, C-Type
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/deficiency
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/physiology
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Assarsson
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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