351
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Morris GM, Nahmias ZP, Kim BS. Simultaneous improvement of alopecia universalis and atopic dermatitis in a patient treated with a JAK inhibitor. JAAD Case Rep 2018; 4:515-517. [PMID: 30023415 PMCID: PMC6047104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Morris
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Zachary P. Nahmias
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian S. Kim
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Correspondence to: Brian S. Kim, MD, MTR, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8123, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
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352
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Malemud CJ. The role of the JAK/STAT signal pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2018; 10:117-127. [PMID: 29942363 PMCID: PMC6009092 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x18776224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokine activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal transduction pathway is a critical event in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Under normal conditions, JAK/STAT signaling reflects the influence of negative regulators of JAK/STAT, exemplified by the suppressor of cytokine signaling and protein inhibitor of activated STAT. However, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) both of these regulators are dysfunctional. Thus, continuous activation of JAK/STAT signaling in RA synovial joints results in the elevated level of matrix metalloproteinase gene expression, increased frequency of apoptotic chondrocytes and most prominently 'apoptosis resistance' in the inflamed synovial tissue. Tofacitinib, a JAK small molecule inhibitor, with selectivity for JAK2/JAK3 was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the therapy of RA. Importantly, tofacitinib has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy for RA in the post-US FDA-approval surveillance period. Of note, the success of tofacitinib has spurred the development of JAK1, JAK2 and other JAK3-selective small molecule inhibitors, some of which have also entered the clinical setting, whereas other JAK inhibitors are currently being evaluated in RA clinical trials.
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353
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Torgutalp M, Poddubnyy D. Emerging treatment options for spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2018; 32:472-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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354
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Karonitsch T, Kandasamy RK, Kartnig F, Herdy B, Dalwigk K, Niederreiter B, Holinka J, Sevelda F, Windhager R, Bilban M, Weichhart T, Säemann M, Pap T, Steiner G, Smolen JS, Kiener HP, Superti-Furga G. mTOR Senses Environmental Cues to Shape the Fibroblast-like Synoviocyte Response to Inflammation. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2157-2167. [PMID: 29768212 PMCID: PMC5972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic master regulators, including mTOR, regulate adaptive and innate immune responses. Resident mesenchymal tissue components are increasingly recognized as key effector cells in inflammation. Whether mTOR also controls the inflammatory response in fibroblasts is insufficiently studied. Here, we show that TNF signaling co-opts the mTOR pathway to shift synovial fibroblast (FLS) inflammation toward an IFN response. mTOR pathway activation is associated with decreased NF-κB-mediated gene expression (e.g., PTGS2, IL-6, and IL-8) but increased STAT1-dependent gene expression (e.g., CXCL11 and TNFSF13B). We further demonstrate how metabolic inputs, such as amino acids, impinge on TNF-mTORC1 signaling to differentially regulate pro-inflammatory signaling circuits. Our results define a critical role for mTOR in the regulation of the pro-inflammatory response in FLSs and unfold its pathogenic involvement in TNF-driven diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karonitsch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Kartnig
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Herdy
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Dalwigk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Holinka
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Sevelda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Säemann
- Department of Medicine VI, Wilhelminenspital, 1160 Vienna, Austria; Sigmund Freud Private University, Medical School, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Günter Steiner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans P Kiener
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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355
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Are Janus Kinase Inhibitors Superior over Classic Biologic Agents in RA Patients? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7492904. [PMID: 29862290 PMCID: PMC5971265 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7492904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are a family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that provide transmission signals from cytokine, interferons, and many hormones receptors to the nucleus resulting in synthesis of many biologically active compounds and changing cell metabolism and function. That was theoretical background to synthetize the JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs). In recent years a substantial battery of evidence has been collected indicating the potential role of Jakinibs to interact with the specific elements of the immune system, therefore changing the inflammatory response. JAK kinase blockade offers a unique opportunity to block most of the key cytokines enabling the deep interaction into immune system functioning. Following discovery first Jakinibs were intensively studied in various forms of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and finally two Jakinibs tofacitinib and Baricitinib have been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Some clinical data indicated that under special circumstances Jakinibs may be even superior to biologics in the treatment of RA; however this suggestion should be verified in large clinical and observational studies.
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356
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357
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Iris M, Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Caffeine inhibits STAT1 signaling and downregulates inflammatory pathways involved in autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2018; 192:68-77. [PMID: 29678503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely consumed pharmacologically active product. We focused on characterizing immunomodulatory effects of caffeine on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Caffeine at high doses showed a robust downregulatory effect on cytokine activity and genes related to several autoimmune diseases including lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Dose-dependent validation experiments showed downregulation at the mRNA levels of key inflammation-related genes including STAT1, TNF, IFNG, and PPARG. TNF and PPARG were suppressed even with the lowest caffeine dose tested, which corresponds to the serum concentration of caffeine after administration of one cup of coffee. Cytokine levels of IL-8, MIP-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF, IL-2, IL-4, MCP-1, and IL-10 were decreased significantly with caffeine treatment. Upstream regulator analysis suggests that caffeine inhibits STAT1 signaling, which was confirmed by showing reduced phosphorylated STAT1 after caffeine treatment. Further studies exploring disease-modulating potential of caffeine in autoimmune diseases and further exploring the mechanisms involved are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Iris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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358
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Jagasia M, Zeiser R, Arbushites M, Delaite P, Gadbaw B, Bubnoff NV. Ruxolitinib for the treatment of patients with steroid-refractory GVHD: an introduction to the REACH trials. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:391-402. [PMID: 29316837 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with hematologic malignancies and disorders, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a potentially curative treatment option. Many patients develop graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a serious complication and leading cause of nonrelapse mortality. Corticosteroids are the standard first-line treatment for GVHD; however, patients often become steroid-refractory or remain corticosteroid-dependent. New second-line treatment options are needed to improve patient outcomes. Here we review the role of JAK1 and JAK2 in acute and chronic GVHD. We also describe the study designs of the Phase II REACH1 (NCT02953678) and the Phase III REACH2 (NCT02913261) and REACH3 (NCT03112603) clinical trials that are currently recruiting patients to evaluate the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in patients with corticosteroid-refractory acute or chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Jagasia
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 1301 Medical Center Dr #1710, Nashville, TN, USA 37232
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Patricia Delaite
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, DE, USA 19803
| | - Brian Gadbaw
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 1 Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ, USA 07936
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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359
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Thurley K, Wu LF, Altschuler SJ. Modeling Cell-to-Cell Communication Networks Using Response-Time Distributions. Cell Syst 2018; 6:355-367.e5. [PMID: 29525203 PMCID: PMC5913757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication networks have critical roles in coordinating diverse organismal processes, such as tissue development or immune cell response. However, compared with intracellular signal transduction networks, the function and engineering principles of cell-to-cell communication networks are far less understood. Major complications include: cells are themselves regulated by complex intracellular signaling networks; individual cells are heterogeneous; and output of any one cell can recursively become an additional input signal to other cells. Here, we make use of a framework that treats intracellular signal transduction networks as "black boxes" with characterized input-to-output response relationships. We study simple cell-to-cell communication circuit motifs and find conditions that generate bimodal responses in time, as well as mechanisms for independently controlling synchronization and delay of cell-population responses. We apply our modeling approach to explain otherwise puzzling data on cytokine secretion onset times in T cells. Our approach can be used to predict communication network structure using experimentally accessible input-to-output measurements and without detailed knowledge of intermediate steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Thurley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Correspondence: (K.T.), (L.F.W.), (S.J.A.)
| | - Lani F. Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Correspondence: (K.T.), (L.F.W.), (S.J.A.)
| | - Steven J. Altschuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Correspondence: (K.T.), (L.F.W.), (S.J.A.)
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360
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Pei H, He L, Shao M, Yang Z, Ran Y, Li D, Zhou Y, Tang M, Wang T, Gong Y, Chen X, Yang S, Xiang M, Chen L. Discovery of a highly selective JAK3 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5273. [PMID: 29588471 PMCID: PMC5869712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) is expressed in lymphoid cells and is involved in the signalling of T cell functions. The development of a selective JAK3 inhibitor has been shown to have a potential benefit in the treatment of autoimmune disorders. In this article, we developed the 4-aminopiperidine-based compound RB1, which was highly selective for JAK3 inhibition, with an IC50 of value of 40 nM, but did not inhibit JAK1, JAK2 or tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) at concentrations up to 5 µM. Furthermore, RB1 also exhibited favourable selectivity against a panel of representative kinases. In a battery of cytokine-stimulated cell-based assays, this potent inhibitor of JAK3 activity with good selectivity against other kinases could potently inhibit JAK3 activity over the activity of JAK1 or JAK2 (over at least 100-fold). A combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) experiments validated that RB1 covalently modified the unique cysteine 909 residue in JAK3. In vivo, RB1 exerted significantly improved pathology in the joints of a collagen-induced arthritis mouse model. The reasonable pharmacokinetics properties (F = 72.52%, T1/2 = 14.6 h) and favourable results of toxicology experiments (LD50 > 2 g/kg) suggest that RB1 has the potential to be an efficacious treatment for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingli Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan, Guangdong, 523325, China.
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361
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Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways have been successfully targeted to inhibit proliferation and angiogenesis for cancer therapy. However, kinase deregulation has been firmly demonstrated to play an essential role in virtually all major disease areas. Kinase inhibitor drug discovery programmes have recently broadened their focus to include an expanded range of kinase targets and therapeutic areas. In this Review, we provide an overview of the novel targets, biological processes and disease areas that kinase-targeting small molecules are being developed against, highlight the associated challenges and assess the strategies and technologies that are enabling efficient generation of highly optimized kinase inhibitors.
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362
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Deverapalli S, Rosmarin D. The use of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e328. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Rosmarin
- Department of Dermatology; Tufts Medical Center; Boston MA USA
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363
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Jones DS, Jenney AP, Joughin BA, Sorger PK, Lauffenburger DA. Inflammatory but not mitogenic contexts prime synovial fibroblasts for compensatory signaling responses to p38 inhibition. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/520/eaal1601. [PMID: 29511118 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes joint pain, swelling, and loss of function. Development of effective new drugs has proven challenging in part because of the complexities and interconnected nature of intracellular signaling networks that complicate the effects of pharmacological interventions. We characterized the kinase signaling pathways that are activated in RA and evaluated the multivariate effects of targeted inhibitors. Synovial fluids from RA patients activated the kinase signaling pathways JAK, JNK, p38, and MEK in synovial fibroblasts (SFs), a stromal cell type that promotes RA progression. Kinase inhibitors enhanced signaling of "off-target" pathways in a manner dependent on stimulatory context. Inhibitors of p38, which have been widely explored in clinical trials for RA, resulted in undesirable increases in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), JNK, and MEK signaling in SFs in inflammatory, but not mitogenic, contexts. This was mediated by the transcription factor CREB, which functions in part within a negative feedback loop in MAPK signaling. CREB activation was induced predominately by p38 in response to inflammatory stimuli, but by MEK in response to mitogenic stimuli; hence, the effects of drugs targeting p38 or MEK were markedly different in SFs cultured under mitogenic or inflammatory conditions. Together, these findings illustrate how stimulatory context can alter dominance in pathway cross-talk even for a fixed network topology, thereby providing a rationale for why p38 inhibitors deliver limited benefits in RA and demonstrating the need for careful consideration of p38-targeted drugs in inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Jones
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne P Jenney
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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364
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Rademacher J, Poddubnyy D. Emerging drugs for the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:83-96. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1445719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Rademacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
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365
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Jabbari A, Sansaricq F, Cerise J, Chen JC, Bitterman A, Ulerio G, Borbon J, Clynes R, Christiano AM, Mackay-Wiggan J. An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Moderate to Severe Patch-Type Alopecia Areata, Totalis, and Universalis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1539-1545. [PMID: 29452121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease with a lifetime risk of ∼2%. In AA, the immune system targets the hair follicle, resulting in clinical hair loss. The prognosis of AA is unpredictable, and currently there is no definitive treatment. Our previous whole genome expression studies identified active immune circuits in AA lesions, including common γ-chain cytokine and IFN pathways. Because these pathways are mediated through JAK kinases, we prioritized clinical exploration of small molecule JAK inhibitors. In preclinical trials in mice, tofacitinib successfully prevented AA development and reversed established disease. In our tofacitinib trial in 12 patients with moderate to severe AA, 11 patients completed a full course of treatment with minimal adverse events. Following limited response to the initial dose (5 mg b.i.d.), the dose was escalated (10 mg b.i.d.) for nonresponding subjects. Eight of 12 patients demonstrated ≥50% hair regrowth, while three patients demonstrated <50% hair regrowth, as measured by Severity in Alopecia Tool scoring. One patient demonstrated no regrowth. Gene expression profiles and Alopecia Areata Disease Activity Index scores correlated with clinical response. Our open-label studies of ruxolitinib and tofacitinib have shown dramatic clinical responses in moderate to severe AA, providing strong rationale for larger clinical trials using JAK inhibitors in AA. ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02299297.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology and Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - F Sansaricq
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Cerise
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J C Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A Bitterman
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - G Ulerio
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Borbon
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - R Clynes
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Mackay-Wiggan
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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366
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Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways in spondyloarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2018; 29:311-316. [PMID: 28394822 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cytokines are major drivers of autoimmunity, and biologic agents targeting cytokines have revolutionized the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway represents a group of several intracellular molecules with a key role in signal pathways activated by growth factors and cytokines. These kinase proteins are associated with the signaling process of multiple key cytokines, which regulates various T-cell subpopulations and their effector cytokines. Development of novel drugs to inhibit this kinase cascade is an emerging field in clinical immunology. Thus, it is essential to have insights about the regulatory role of the JAK-STAT cytokine signaling in relation to autoimmune diseases and its applications in spondyloarthritis. RECENT FINDINGS JAK-STAT kinase signaling proteins have been extensively studied in rheumatoid arthritis. Initial observations suggest that JAK-STAT kinase signaling cascade regulates activation and proliferation of the IL17 effector memory T cells and thus has a potential role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. SUMMARY Here, we provide an overview of the clinical rheumatologists about the significance of JAK-STAT signaling system in rheumatic diseases and introduce the potential application of JAK and STAT inhibitors in spondyloarthritis.
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367
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Vazquez ML, Kaila N, Strohbach JW, Trzupek JD, Brown MF, Flanagan ME, Mitton-Fry MJ, Johnson TA, TenBrink RE, Arnold EP, Basak A, Heasley SE, Kwon S, Langille J, Parikh MD, Griffin SH, Casavant JM, Duclos BA, Fenwick AE, Harris TM, Han S, Caspers N, Dowty ME, Yang X, Banker ME, Hegen M, Symanowicz PT, Li L, Wang L, Lin TH, Jussif J, Clark JD, Telliez JB, Robinson RP, Unwalla R. Identification of N-{cis-3-[Methyl(7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]cyclobutyl}propane-1-sulfonamide (PF-04965842): A Selective JAK1 Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1130-1152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Vazquez
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Neelu Kaila
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph W. Strohbach
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark E. Flanagan
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Timothy A. Johnson
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Ruth E. TenBrink
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Pfizer Inc, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Arindrajit Basak
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven E. Heasley
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan Langille
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihir D. Parikh
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah H. Griffin
- Chemical
Research Development, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Casavant
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian A. Duclos
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Ashley E. Fenwick
- Veterinary
Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Thomas M. Harris
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungil Han
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Caspers
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter T. Symanowicz
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li Li
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsung H. Lin
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James D. Clark
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation
and Immunology, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ralph P. Robinson
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ray Unwalla
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer Inc, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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368
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Vainchenker W, Leroy E, Gilles L, Marty C, Plo I, Constantinescu SN. JAK inhibitors for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms and other disorders. F1000Res 2018; 7:82. [PMID: 29399328 PMCID: PMC5773931 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13167.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK inhibitors have been developed following the discovery of the
JAK2V617F in 2005 as the driver mutation of the majority of non-
BCR-ABL1 myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Subsequently, the search for JAK2 inhibitors continued with the discovery that the other driver mutations (
CALR and
MPL) also exhibited persistent JAK2 activation. Several type I ATP-competitive JAK inhibitors with different specificities were assessed in clinical trials and exhibited minimal hematologic toxicity. Interestingly, these JAK inhibitors display potent anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, JAK inhibitors targeting preferentially JAK1 and JAK3 have been developed to treat inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and graft-versus-host disease. Ten years after the beginning of clinical trials, only two drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: one JAK2/JAK1 inhibitor (ruxolitinib) in intermediate-2 and high-risk myelofibrosis and hydroxyurea-resistant or -intolerant polycythemia vera and one JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor (tofacitinib) in methotrexate-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. The non-approved compounds exhibited many off-target effects leading to neurological and gastrointestinal toxicities, as seen in clinical trials for MPNs. Ruxolitinib is a well-tolerated drug with mostly anti-inflammatory properties. Despite a weak effect on the cause of the disease itself in MPNs, it improves the clinical state of patients and increases survival in myelofibrosis. This limited effect is related to the fact that ruxolitinib, like the other type I JAK2 inhibitors, inhibits equally mutated and wild-type JAK2 (JAK2WT) and also the JAK2 oncogenic activation. Thus, other approaches need to be developed and could be based on either (1) the development of new inhibitors specifically targeting
JAK2V617F or (2) the combination of the actual JAK2 inhibitors with other therapies, in particular with molecules targeting pathways downstream of JAK2 activation or the stability of JAK2 molecule. In contrast, the strong anti-inflammatory effects of the JAK inhibitors appear as a very promising therapeutic approach for many inflammatory and auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Emilie Leroy
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Hematology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Gilles
- Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Signal Transduction & Molecular Hematology Unit, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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369
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370
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Zhang L, Turner B, Ribbeck K, Ten Hagen KG. Loss of the mucosal barrier alters the progenitor cell niche via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21231-21242. [PMID: 29127201 PMCID: PMC5766965 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucous barrier of our digestive tract is the first line of defense against pathogens and damage. Disruptions in this barrier are associated with diseases such as Crohn's disease, colitis, and colon cancer, but mechanistic insights into these processes and diseases are limited. We have previously shown that loss of a conserved O-glycosyltransferase (PGANT4) in Drosophila results in aberrant secretion of components of the peritrophic/mucous membrane in the larval digestive tract. Here, we show that loss of PGANT4 disrupts the mucosal barrier, resulting in epithelial expression of the IL-6-like cytokine Upd3, leading to activation of JAK/STAT signaling, differentiation of cells that form the progenitor cell niche, and abnormal proliferation of progenitor cells. This niche disruption could be recapitulated by overexpressing upd3 and rescued by deleting upd3, highlighting a crucial role for this cytokine. Moreover, niche integrity and cell proliferation in pgant4-deficient animals could be rescued by overexpression of the conserved cargo receptor Tango1 and partially rescued by supplementation with exogenous mucins or treatment with antibiotics. Our findings help elucidate the paracrine signaling events activated by a compromised mucosal barrier and provide a novel in vivo screening platform for mucin mimetics and other strategies to treat diseases of the oral mucosa and digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- From the Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370 and
| | - Bradley Turner
- the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Kelly G Ten Hagen
- From the Developmental Glycobiology Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370 and
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371
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Dendrou CA, Cortes A, Shipman L, Evans HG, Attfield KE, Jostins L, Barber T, Kaur G, Kuttikkatte SB, Leach OA, Desel C, Faergeman SL, Cheeseman J, Neville MJ, Sawcer S, Compston A, Johnson AR, Everett C, Bell JI, Karpe F, Ultsch M, Eigenbrot C, McVean G, Fugger L. Resolving TYK2 locus genotype-to-phenotype differences in autoimmunity. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:363ra149. [PMID: 27807284 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of genetic variants have been identified, which contribute to the development of complex diseases, but determining how to elucidate their biological consequences for translation into clinical benefit is challenging. Conflicting evidence regarding the functional impact of genetic variants in the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) gene, which is differentially associated with common autoimmune diseases, currently obscures the potential of TYK2 as a therapeutic target. We aimed to resolve this conflict by performing genetic meta-analysis across disorders; subsequent molecular, cellular, in vivo, and structural functional follow-up; and epidemiological studies. Our data revealed a protective homozygous effect that defined a signaling optimum between autoimmunity and immunodeficiency and identified TYK2 as a potential drug target for certain common autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calliope A Dendrou
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lydia Shipman
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Hayley G Evans
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kathrine E Attfield
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas Barber
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Gurman Kaur
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Subita Balaram Kuttikkatte
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Oliver A Leach
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christiane Desel
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Soren L Faergeman
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jane Cheeseman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Stephen Sawcer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alastair Compston
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Adam R Johnson
- Structural Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Christine Everett
- Structural Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John I Bell
- University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DG, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark Ultsch
- Structural Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Structural Biology and Biochemical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gil McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK. .,Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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372
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Schwartz DM, Kanno Y, Villarino A, Ward M, Gadina M, O'Shea JJ. JAK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for immune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 17:78. [PMID: 29282366 PMCID: PMC6168198 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.201.
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373
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Schroeder MA, Choi J, Staser K, DiPersio JF. The Role of Janus Kinase Signaling in Graft-Versus-Host Disease and Graft Versus Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:1125-1134. [PMID: 29289756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.12.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For patients with hematologic malignancies, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) offers a potential curative treatment option, primarily due to an allogeneic immune response against recipient tumor cells (ie, graft-versus-leukemia [GVL] activity). However, many recipients of alloHCT develop graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), in which allogeneic immune responses lead to the damage of healthy tissue. GVHD is a leading cause of nonrelapse mortality and a key contributor to morbidity among patients undergoing alloHCT. Therefore, improving alloHCT outcomes will require treatment strategies that prevent or mitigate GVHD without disrupting GVL activity. Janus kinases (JAKs) are intracellular signaling molecules that are well positioned to regulate GVHD. A variety of cytokines that signal through the JAK signaling pathways play a role in regulating the development, proliferation, and activation of several immune cell types important for GVHD pathogenesis, including dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and neutrophils. Importantly, despite JAK regulation of GVHD, preclinical evidence suggests that JAK inhibition preserves GVL activity. Here we provide an overview of potential roles for JAK signaling in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD as well as effects on GVL activity. We also review preclinical and clinical results with JAK inhibitors in acute and chronic GVHD settings, with added focus on those actively being evaluated in patients with acute and chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Schroeder
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Jaebok Choi
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karl Staser
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John F DiPersio
- Washington University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Louis, Missouri
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374
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Komai T, Shoda H, Hanata N, Fujio K. Tofacitinib rapidly ameliorated polyarthropathy in a patient with systemic sclerosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2017; 47:505-506. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2017.1387673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Komai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hanata
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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375
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Favalli EG, Raimondo MG, Becciolini A, Crotti C, Biggioggero M, Caporali R. The management of first-line biologic therapy failures in rheumatoid arthritis: Current practice and future perspectives. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1185-1195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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376
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JAK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for immune and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:843-862. [PMID: 29104284 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of cytokines as key drivers of immune-mediated diseases has spurred efforts to target their associated signalling pathways. Janus kinases (JAKs) are essential signalling mediators downstream of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, and small-molecule inhibitors of JAKs (jakinibs) have gained traction as safe and efficacious options for the treatment of inflammation-driven pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Building on the clinical success of first-generation jakinibs, second-generation compounds that claim to be more selective are currently undergoing development and proceeding to clinical trials. However, important questions remain about the advantages and limitations of improved JAK selectivity, optimal routes and dosing regimens and how best to identify patients who will benefit from jakinibs. This Review discusses the biology of jakinibs from a translational perspective, focusing on recent insights from clinical trials, the development of novel agents and the use of jakinibs in a spectrum of immune and inflammatory diseases.
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377
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Colbert
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael M Ward
- From the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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378
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) still depends on non-specific immunosuppression. Herein, we review promising targeted therapies that have the potential to change this therapeutic paradigm. RECENT FINDINGS Besides the FDA-approved B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) inhibitor, belimumab, interferon-α represents a promising treatment target, albeit with modest effectiveness primarily in non-renal SLE. Preclinical and early-phase clinical trials using biologics and small molecules targeting B and T cell activation as well as the cross-talk between these cells also show promise. BLyS and interferon targeting show the most promising results in challenging the current treatment status in non-renal SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, CLS-936, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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379
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Taher TE, Bystrom J, Ong VH, Isenberg DA, Renaudineau Y, Abraham DJ, Mageed RA. Intracellular B Lymphocyte Signalling and the Regulation of Humoral Immunity and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:237-264. [PMID: 28456914 PMCID: PMC5597704 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity; they produce antibodies and cytokines, present antigens to T lymphocytes and regulate immune responses. However, because of the inherent randomness in the process of generating their vast repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, B cells can also cause diseases through recognizing and reacting to self. Therefore, B lymphocyte selection and responses require tight regulation at multiple levels and at all stages of their development and activation to avoid diseases. Indeed, newly generated B lymphocytes undergo rigorous tolerance mechanisms in the bone marrow and, subsequently, in the periphery after their migration. Furthermore, activation of mature B cells is regulated through controlled expression of co-stimulatory receptors and intracellular signalling thresholds. All these regulatory events determine whether and how B lymphocytes respond to antigens, by undergoing apoptosis or proliferation. However, defects that alter regulated co-stimulatory receptor expression or intracellular signalling thresholds can lead to diseases. For example, autoimmune diseases can result from altered regulation of B cell responses leading to the emergence of high-affinity autoreactive B cells, autoantibody production and tissue damage. The exact cause(s) of defective B cell responses in autoimmune diseases remains unknown. However, there is evidence that defects or mutations in genes that encode individual intracellular signalling proteins lead to autoimmune diseases, thus confirming that defects in intracellular pathways mediate autoimmune diseases. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge of signalling proteins and pathways that regulate B lymphocyte responses and how defects in these could promote autoimmune diseases. Most of the evidence comes from studies of mouse models of disease and from genetically engineered mice. Some, however, also come from studying B lymphocytes from patients and from genome-wide association studies. Defining proteins and signalling pathways that underpin atypical B cell response in diseases will help in understanding disease mechanisms and provide new therapeutic avenues for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher E Taher
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Voon H Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yves Renaudineau
- Immunology Laboratory, University of Brest Medical School, Brest, France
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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380
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immunoinflammatory (autoimmune) disease manifested by progressive joint destruction, systemic inflammation of the internal organs, and a wide range of comorbidities associated with chronic inflammation and frequently with adverse drug reactions. However, despite the major advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of RA, which have led to the radical improvement of prognosis in many patients, the problem of pharmacotherapy for RA is far from being solved. This is determined by a lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the early stage of the disease and, most importantly, by the heterogeneity of immunopathogenesis mechanisms in both at the onset of RA and during its progression, which make the personalization of therapy difficult in the patients. Selective block of inflammatory mediators with innovative medicines is frequently associated with primary inefficiency, secondary drug resistance, the development of generalized immunosuppression, the paradoxical activation of an autoimmune process, and the aggravation of comorbidities. At the same time, it is difficult to search for new RA pharmacotherapy targets since the nature of immunopathological disorders in patients can be substantially different from the inflammatory process that takes place when simulating arthritis in laboratory animals. The paper discusses the novel drugs that are used in rheumatology to treat RA or tested in different phases of preclinical or clinical trials, such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, anti-B cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, blockers of JAK (and other signaling molecules), bioelectronic vagus nerve activation, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and other therapies, as well as approaches to secondary prevention of RA in patients with undifferentiated arthritis and clinically suspect arthralgia, who are at high risk for RA. Decoding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of RA and a chronic inflammatory process as a whole has created preconditions for the design of novel medications for the prevention and treatment of this disease, the introduction of which into clinical practice should lead to a radical improvement of prognosis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Nasonov
- V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
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381
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He L, Pei H, Lan T, Tang M, Zhang C, Chen L. Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective JAK3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28944566 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linhong He
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Heying Pei
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Tingxuan Lan
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center; Chengdu Sichuan P. R. China
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382
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Clénet ML, Gagnon F, Moratalla AC, Viel EC, Arbour N. Peripheral human CD4 +CD8 + T lymphocytes exhibit a memory phenotype and enhanced responses to IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11612. [PMID: 28912605 PMCID: PMC5599513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes account for 1–2% of circulating human T lymphocytes, but their frequency is augmented in several diseases. The phenotypic and functional properties of these T lymphocytes are still ill-defined. We performed an ex vivo characterization of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes from the blood of healthy individuals. We observed that CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibit several characteristics associated with memory T lymphocytes including the expression of chemokine receptors (e.g. CCR7, CXCR3, CCR6) and activation markers (e.g. CD57, CD95). Moreover, we showed that a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes have an enhanced capacity to produce cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A) and lytic enzymes (perforin, granzyme B) compared to CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes. Finally, we assessed the impact of three key cytokines in T cell biology on these cells. We observed that IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 triggered STAT5 phosphorylation in a greater proportion of CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to CD4 and CD8 counterparts. We demonstrate that CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes from healthy donors exhibit a phenotypic profile associated with memory T lymphocytes, an increased capacity to produce cytokines and lytic enzymes, and a higher proportion of cells responding to key cytokines implicated in T cell survival, homeostasis and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Clénet
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - François Gagnon
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ana Carmena Moratalla
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Emilie C Viel
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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383
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Oetjen LK, Mack MR, Feng J, Whelan TM, Niu H, Guo CJ, Chen S, Trier AM, Xu AZ, Tripathi SV, Luo J, Gao X, Yang L, Hamilton SL, Wang PL, Brestoff JR, Council ML, Brasington R, Schaffer A, Brombacher F, Hsieh CS, Gereau RW, Miller MJ, Chen ZF, Hu H, Davidson S, Liu Q, Kim BS. Sensory Neurons Co-opt Classical Immune Signaling Pathways to Mediate Chronic Itch. Cell 2017; 171:217-228.e13. [PMID: 28890086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have evolved neurophysiologic reflexes, such as coughing and scratching, to expel invading pathogens and noxious environmental stimuli. It is well established that these responses are also associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma and atopic dermatitis. However, the mechanisms by which inflammatory pathways promote sensations such as itch remain poorly understood. Here, we show that type 2 cytokines directly activate sensory neurons in both mice and humans. Further, we demonstrate that chronic itch is dependent on neuronal IL-4Rα and JAK1 signaling. We also observe that patients with recalcitrant chronic itch that failed other immunosuppressive therapies markedly improve when treated with JAK inhibitors. Thus, signaling mechanisms previously ascribed to the immune system may represent novel therapeutic targets within the nervous system. Collectively, this study reveals an evolutionarily conserved paradigm in which the sensory nervous system employs classical immune signaling pathways to influence mammalian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landon K Oetjen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madison R Mack
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy M Whelan
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haixia Niu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Changxiong J Guo
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sisi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Anna M Trier
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amy Z Xu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shivani V Tripathi
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jialie Luo
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lihua Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha L Hamilton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter L Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M Laurin Council
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Richard Brasington
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - András Schaffer
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhou-Feng Chen
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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384
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Immunoregulation by IL-7R-targeting antibody-drug conjugates: overcoming steroid-resistance in cancer and autoimmune disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10735. [PMID: 28878234 PMCID: PMC5587554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid-resistance is a common complication in the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. IL-7/IL-7R signaling, which regulates lymphocyte growth and survival, has been implicated in the development of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. However, the biological significance of IL-7/IL-7R signaling in steroid treatment is poorly understood. Here, we identified a novel relationship between IL-7R signaling and steroid-resistance, and showed that an anti-IL-7R antibody conjugated with SN-38 (A7R-ADC-SN-38) has strong anti-tumor effects against both parental and steroid-resistant malignant cells. Furthermore, inflammation in the mouse autoimmune arthritis model was suppressed to greater extent by A7R-ADC conjugated to MMAE than by A7R-ADC-SN-38. Given that an increased proportion of IL-7R-positive cells is a common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, we found that specific depletion of this cell population abrogated the progression of disease. This suggests that the cytotoxicity and immunosuppressive capacity of A7R-ADC could be modulated to treat specific malignancies or autoimmune diseases through the introduction of different payloads, and represents a novel alternative to steroid therapy.
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385
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Kim KS, Yang HI. Thymosin β4 in rheumatoid arthritis: Friend or foe. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:205-208. [PMID: 28808568 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has characteristic pannus tissues, which show tumor-like growth of the synovium through chronic joint inflammation. The synovium is highly penetrated by various immune cells, and the synovial lining becomes hyperplastic due to increased numbers of macrophage-like and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Thus, a resultant hypoxic condition stimulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in various cells, in particular, vascular endothelial growth factor. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a 5-kDa protein, is known to play a significant role in various biological activities, such as actin sequestering, cell motility, migration, inflammation, and damage repair. Recent studies have provided evidence that Tβ4 may have a role in RA pathogenesis. The Tβ4 level has been shown to increase significantly in the joint fluid and serum of RA patients. However, whether Tβ4 stimulates or inhibits activation of RA immune responses remains to be determined. In the present study, we discuss the logical and clinical justifications for Tβ4 as a potential target for RA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea.,East-West Bone and Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-In Yang
- East-West Bone and Joint Disease Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 134-727, Republic of Korea
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386
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Lee JY, Choi JK, Jeong NH, Yoo J, Ha YS, Lee B, Choi H, Park PH, Shin TY, Kwon TK, Lee SR, Lee S, Lee SW, Rho MC, Kim SH. Anti-inflammatory effects of ursolic acid-3-acetate on human synovial fibroblasts and a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 49:118-125. [PMID: 28577436 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, is a common natural substance known to be effective in the treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress, and ulcers in arthritis. This study examined the effects of ursolic acid-3-acetate (UAA), a derivative of UA, on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and verified the underlying mechanism of action by using a type-II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated RA synovial fibroblasts. The oral administration of UAA showed a decrease in clinical arthritis symptoms, paw thickness, histologic and radiologic changes, and serum IgG1 and IgG2a levels. UAA administration reduced Th1/Th17 phenotype CD4+ T lymphocyte expansion and inflammatory cytokine production in draining lymph nodes. In addition, UAA effectively reduced the expression and production of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase-1/3 in the knee joint tissue and RA synovial fibroblasts, through the downregulation of IKKα/β, ΙκBα, and nuclear factor-κB. Our findings showed that UAA modulated helper T cell immune responses and matrix-degrading enzymes. The effects of UAA were comparable with those of the positive control drug, dexamethasone. In summary, all the evidence presented in this paper suggest that UAA could be a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeong Lee
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyeong Choi
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Na-Hee Jeong
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Yoo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Su Ha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungheon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woong Lee
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Chual Rho
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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387
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Richez C, Truchetet ME, Kostine M, Schaeverbeke T, Bannwarth B. Efficacy of baricitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1399-1407. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1359256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Richez
- Département de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM CHU Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Elise Truchetet
- Département de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM CHU Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
- UMR-CNRS 5164, ImmunoConcept Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Kostine
- Département de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM CHU Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bernard Bannwarth
- Département de Rhumatologie, FHU ACRONIM CHU Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
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388
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Notarangelo LD, Fleisher TA. Targeted strategies directed at the molecular defect: Toward precision medicine for select primary immunodeficiency disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:715-723. [PMID: 28270363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) represent a range of genetically determined diseases that typically have increased susceptibility to infections and in many cases also have evidence of immune dysregulation that often presents as autoimmunity. Most recently, the concept of gain-of-function mutations associated with PIDs has become well recognized and adds a new dimension to the understanding of this group of disorders, moving beyond the more commonly seen loss-of-function mutations. The rapidly expanding genetic defects that have been identified in patients with previously uncharacterized PIDs has opened up the potential for targeted therapy directed at the specific disease-causing abnormality. This has been driven by linking PID-specific genetic defects to the associated unique abnormalities in cellular signaling pathways amenable to directed therapies. These include agents that either block overactive or enhance underresponsive cellular pathways. Selected primary immunodeficiencies were chosen, the genetic defects of which have been recently characterized and are amenable to targeted therapy, as a reflection of the power of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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389
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Ligand-induced type II interleukin-4 receptor dimers are sustained by rapid re-association within plasma membrane microcompartments. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15976. [PMID: 28706306 PMCID: PMC5519985 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of cytokine receptors in the plasma membrane is still debated with models ranging from ligand-independent receptor pre-dimerization to ligand-induced receptor dimerization occurring only after receptor uptake into endosomes. Here, we explore the molecular and cellular determinants governing the assembly of the type II interleukin-4 receptor, taking advantage of various agonists binding the receptor subunits with different affinities and rate constants. Quantitative kinetic studies using artificial membranes confirm that receptor dimerization is governed by the two-dimensional ligand–receptor interactions and identify a critical role of the transmembrane domain in receptor dimerization. Single molecule localization microscopy at physiological cell surface expression levels, however, reveals efficient ligand-induced receptor dimerization by all ligands, largely independent of receptor binding affinities, in line with the similar STAT6 activation potencies observed for all IL-4 variants. Detailed spatiotemporal analyses suggest that kinetic trapping of receptor dimers in actin-dependent microcompartments sustains robust receptor dimerization and signalling. The contribution of ligands for cytokine receptor dimerization is still not fully understood. Here, the authors show the efficient ligand-induced dimerization of type II interleukin-4 receptor at the plasma membrane and the kinetic trapping of signalling complexes by actin-dependent membrane microdomains.
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390
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Al-Soudi A, Kaaij MH, Tas SW. Endothelial cells: From innocent bystanders to active participants in immune responses. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:951-962. [PMID: 28698091 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium is crucially important for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body under homeostatic conditions. However, it also contributes to pathology, including the initiation and perpetuation of inflammation. Understanding the function of endothelial cells (ECs) in inflammatory diseases and molecular mechanisms involved may lead to novel approaches to dampen inflammation and restore homeostasis. In this article, we discuss the various functions of ECs in inflammation with a focus on pathological angiogenesis, attraction of immune cells, antigen presentation, immunoregulatory properties and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We also review the current literature on approaches to target these processes in ECs to modulate immune responses and advance anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Al-Soudi
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology and Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H Kaaij
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology and Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology and Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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391
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Tanimoto A, Shinozaki Y, Yamamoto Y, Katsuda Y, Taniai-Riya E, Toyoda K, Kakimoto K, Kimoto Y, Amano W, Konishi N, Hayashi M. A novel JAK inhibitor JTE-052 reduces skin inflammation and ameliorates chronic dermatitis in rodent models: Comparison with conventional therapeutic agents. Exp Dermatol 2017; 27:22-29. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Tanimoto
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Yuichi Shinozaki
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuo Yamamoto
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Katsuda
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Eriko Taniai-Riya
- Toxicology Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Hadano Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kaoru Toyoda
- Toxicology Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Hadano Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kochi Kakimoto
- Toxicology Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Hadano Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yukari Kimoto
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Wataru Amano
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Noriko Konishi
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
| | - Mikio Hayashi
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories; Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Japan Tobacco Inc.; Takatsuki Osaka Japan
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392
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Seif F, Khoshmirsafa M, Aazami H, Mohsenzadegan M, Sedighi G, Bahar M. The role of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and its regulators in the fate of T helper cells. Cell Commun Signal 2017. [PMID: 28637459 PMCID: PMC5480189 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway plays critical roles in orchestrating of immune system, especially cytokine receptors and they can modulate the polarization of T helper cells. This pathway is regulated by an array of regulator proteins, including Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS), Protein Inhibitors of Activated STATs (PIAS) and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (PTPs) determining the initiation, duration and termination of the signaling cascades. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway in T helper cells may result in various immune disorders. In this review, we represent how the JAK-STAT pathway is generally regulated and then in Th cell subsets in more detail. Finally, we introduce novel targeted strategies as promising therapeutic approaches in the treatment of immune disorders. Studies are ongoing for identifying the other regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway and designing innovative therapeutic strategies. Therefore, further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Seif
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of immunology, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Department of immunology, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Department of immunology, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sedighi
- Department of immunology, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Bahar
- Department of immunology, school of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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393
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The role of IL-6 in host defence against infections: immunobiology and clinical implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:399-409. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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394
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Lopresti AL. Cognitive behaviour therapy and inflammation: A systematic review of its relationship and the potential implications for the treatment of depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:565-582. [PMID: 28382827 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417701996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence confirming increased inflammation in a subset of adults with depression. The impact of this relationship has mostly been considered in biologically based interventions; however, it also has potential implications for psychological therapies. Cognitive behaviour therapy is the most commonly used psychological intervention for the treatment of depression with theories around its efficacy primarily based on psychological mechanisms. However, cognitive behaviour therapy may have an effect on, and its efficacy influenced by, physiological processes associated with depression. Accordingly, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the relationship between cognitive behaviour therapy and inflammation. METHOD Studies examining the anti-inflammatory effects of cognitive behaviour therapy in people with depression and other medical conditions (e.g. cancer, diabetes and heart disease) were examined. In addition, the relationship between change in inflammatory markers and change in depressive symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy, and the influence of pre-treatment inflammation on cognitive behaviour therapy treatment response were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 23 studies investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of cognitive behaviour therapy were identified. In 14 of these studies, at least one reduction in an inflammatory marker was reported, increases were identified in three studies and no change was found in six studies. Three studies examined the relationship between change in inflammation and change in depressive symptoms following cognitive behaviour therapy. In two of these studies, change in depressive symptoms was associated with a change in at least one inflammatory marker. Finally, three studies examined the influence of pre-treatment inflammation on treatment outcome from cognitive behaviour therapy, and all indicated a poorer treatment response in people with higher premorbid inflammation. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence suggests inflammation should be considered within the context of cognitive behaviour therapy, although robust studies examining the relationship are sparse, and heterogeneity between studies and populations examined was high. The potential treatment implications of the bi-directional relationship between inflammation and cognitive behaviour therapy are discussed, and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L Lopresti
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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395
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Abstract
Survivin is a protein functionally important for cell division, apoptosis, and possibly, for micro-RNA biogenesis. It is an established marker of malignant cell transformation. In non-malignant conditions, the unique properties of survivin make it indispensable for homeostasis of the immune system. Indeed, it is required for the innate and adaptive immune responses, controlling differentiation and maintenance of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cells, and in B cell maturation. Recently, survivin has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Under the conditions of unreserved inflammation, survivin enhances antigen presentation, maintains persistence of autoreactive cells, and supports production of autoantibodies. In this context, survivin takes its place as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension, neuropathology and multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases and oral lichen planus. In this review, we summarise the knowledge about non-malignant properties of survivin and focus on its engagement in cellular and molecular pathology of autoimmune diseases. The review highlights utility of survivin measures for clinical applications. It provides rational for the survivin inhibiting strategies and presents results of recent reports on survivin inhibition in modern therapies of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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396
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Guo R, Zhao YF, Li J, Gu YF, Huo HX, Li SS, Song YL, Zhu ZX, Tu PF. GYF-21, an Epoxide 2-(2-Phenethyl)-Chromone Derivative, Suppresses Innate and Adaptive Immunity via Inhibiting STAT1/3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:281. [PMID: 28588487 PMCID: PMC5438969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelinating plaques and axonal loss. Inhibition on over activation of innate and adaptive immunity provides a rationale strategy for treatment of multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of GYF-21, an epoxide 2-(2-phenethyl)-chromone derivative isolated from Chinese agarwood, on innate and adaptive immunity for revealing its potential to treat multiple sclerosis. The results showed that GYF-21 markedly inhibited the activation of microglia, and dendritic cells as well as neutrophils, all of which play important roles in innate immunity. Furthermore, GYF-21 significantly suppressed adaptive immunity via inhibiting the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and suppressing the activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ secretion of CD8+ T cells. The mechanism study showed that GYF-21 evidently inhibited the activation of STAT1/3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in microglia. In conclusion, we demonstrated that GYF-21 can significantly inhibit innate and adaptive immunity via suppressing STAT1/3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, and has potential to be developed into therapeutic drug for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Guo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yu-Fan Gu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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397
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Barnes PJ. Kinases as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:788-815. [PMID: 27363440 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.012518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple kinases play a critical role in orchestrating the chronic inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Kinases activate signaling pathways that lead to contraction of airway smooth muscle and release of inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) as well as cell migration, activation, and proliferation. For this reason there has been great interest in the development of kinase inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapies, particular where corticosteroids are less effective, as in severe asthma and COPD. However, it has proven difficult to develop selective kinase inhibitors that are both effective and safe after oral administration and this has led to a search for inhaled kinase inhibitors, which would reduce systemic exposure. Although many kinases have been implicated in inflammation and remodeling of airway disease, very few classes of drug have reached the stage of clinical studies in these diseases. The most promising drugs are p38 MAP kinases, isoenzyme-selective PI3-kinases, Janus-activated kinases, and Syk-kinases, and inhaled formulations of these drugs are now in development. There has also been interest in developing inhibitors that block more than one kinase, because these drugs may be more effective and with less risk of losing efficacy with time. No kinase inhibitors are yet on the market for the treatment of airway diseases, but as kinase inhibitors are improved from other therapeutic areas there is hope that these drugs may eventually prove useful in treating refractory asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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398
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Rivellese F, Nerviani A, Rossi FW, Marone G, Matucci-Cerinic M, de Paulis A, Pitzalis C. Mast cells in rheumatoid arthritis: friends or foes? Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:557-563. [PMID: 28411167 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells of the innate immunity, implicated in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They are present in synovia and their activation has been linked to the potentiation of inflammation in the course of RA. However, recent investigations questioned the role of mast cells in arthritis. In particular, animal models generated conflicting results, so that many of their pro-inflammatory, i.e. pro-arthritogenic functions, even though supported by robust experimental evidence, have been labelled as redundant. At the same time, a growing body of evidence suggests that mast cells can act as tunable immunomodulatory cells. These characteristics, not yet fully understood in the context of RA, could partially explain the inconsistent results obtained with experimental models, which do not account for the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions exerted in more chronic heterogeneous conditions such as RA. Here we present an overview of the current knowledge on mast cell involvement in RA, including the intriguing hypothesis of mast cells acting as subtle immunomodulatory cells and the emerging concept of synovial mast cells as potential biomarkers for patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Rivellese
- William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Alessandra Nerviani
- William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT) and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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399
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Kuuliala K, Kuuliala A, Koivuniemi R, Kautiainen H, Repo H, Leirisalo-Repo M. Baseline JAK phosphorylation profile of peripheral blood leukocytes, studied by whole blood phosphospecific flow cytometry, is associated with 1-year treatment response in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:75. [PMID: 28399940 PMCID: PMC5387378 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We found recently that baseline signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with treatment response to synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). This prompted us to study the baseline phosphorylation profiles of Janus kinases (JAKs) in blood leukocytes with respect to treatment response in early RA. Methods Thirty-five DMARD-naïve patients with early RA provided blood samples for whole blood flow cytometric determination of phosphorylation of JAKs in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD14+ monocytes. Treatment response was determined after 1 year of treatment with synthetic DMARDs, with remission defined as absence of tender and swollen joints and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Exact logistic regression was used to investigate the association of baseline variables with treatment response. Ninety-five percent CIs of means were estimated by bias-corrected bootstrapping. Results High JAK3 phosphorylation in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD14+ monocytes and low JAK2 phosphorylation in CD14+ monocytes were significantly associated with remission following treatment with synthetic DMARDs. Conclusions Baseline JAK phosphorylation profile in peripheral blood leukocytes may provide a means to predict treatment response achieved by synthetic DMARDs among patients with early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Kuuliala
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Antti Kuuliala
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Koivuniemi
- Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Primary Health Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,General Practice, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Repo
- Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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400
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Seifert SM, Castillo-Mancilla JR, Erlandson KM, Anderson PL. Inflammation and pharmacokinetics: potential implications for HIV-infection. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:641-650. [PMID: 28335648 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1311323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The physiological changes accompanying inflammation may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of certain medications. Individuals infected with HIV have chronically elevated inflammatory markers despite viral suppression following effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), as well as age-related inflammation. Understanding the potential clinical implications of inflammation on the PK of medications is important for understanding dose-response relationships and necessitates future research. Areas covered: An extensive literature search was carried out using PubMed and associated bibliographies to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding altered PK in response to inflammation and its application to the field of HIV. Expert opinion: Preclinical and clinical studies show that inflammation leads to a downregulation of certain drug metabolizing enzymes and both up and down regulation of transporters depending on the transporter and cell type. Decreased gastric acidity, fluid shifts, and plasma protein alterations also occur with inflammation, leading to potential absorption, distribution, and clearance changes. More research is needed including controlled PK studies to address the clinical relevance of these observations, especially in the aging HIV-infected population. Results from future studies will enable us to better predict drug concentrations in individuals with inflammation, in line with efforts to provide personalized pharmacotherapy in our healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Seifert
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Jose R Castillo-Mancilla
- b School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Kristine M Erlandson
- b School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
| | - Peter L Anderson
- a Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, USA
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