401
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Liu J, Wang X, Lin J, Li S, Deng G, Wei J. Classifiers for Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Based on Gene Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:5651-5663. [PMID: 34552349 PMCID: PMC8450378 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s329005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a serious global health concern. Current diagnostic methods for CAD involve risk to the patient and are costly, so better diagnostic tools are needed. We defined four classifiers based on gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and determined their potential for CAD detection. Methods We downloaded a CAD-related data set (GSE113079) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between CAD samples and healthy controls. DEGs were analyzed for functional enrichment. To create a robust CAD classifier, DEGs were identified by feature selection using the principal component analysis. Then, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine (SVM) models were created. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) score and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were also conducted. The performance of the models was evaluated in terms of the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results In the training set, we found 135 up-regulated genes and 104 down-regulated genes in CAD patients compared with controls. The DEGs were involved in some pathways associated with CAD, such as pathways involving calcium and interleukin-17 signaling. Twenty genes were identified as optimal features and used to generate the logistic classifier based on LASSO. The AUC for the classifier was 1.00 in the training set and 0.997 in the test set. Using the 20 DEGs, SVM and random forest classifiers were also generated and showed high diagnostic efficacy, with respective AUCs of 0.997 and 1.00 against the training set. A GSVA score was also established using the top 20 significant DEGs, which showed an AUC of 0.971 in the training set and 0.989 in the test set. Furthermore, GSEA showed autophagy and the proteasome to be major pathways involving the DEGs. Conclusion We identified a set of genes specific for CAD whose expression can be measured non-invasively. Using these genes, we defined four diagnostic classifiers using multiple methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinru Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530022, People's Republic of China
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402
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Loss of GATA4 C-Terminus by p.S335X Mutation Modulates Coronary Artery Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:3698386. [PMID: 34545275 PMCID: PMC8449727 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3698386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its pathogenesis is closely related with the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). We previously reported a truncated GATA4 protein lacking C-terminus induced by p.S335X mutation in cardiomyocyte from ventricular septal defect (VSD) patients. However, it is still unclear whether GATA4 p.S335X mutation could influence the development of CAD. GATA4 wild-type (WT) and p.S335X mutant (MU) overexpression plasmids were constructed and transfected transiently into rat coronary artery smooth muscle cell (RCSMC) to observe the proliferative and migratory abilities by MTS and wound healing assay, respectively. PCR array was used to preliminarily detect the expression of phenotypic modulation-related genes, and QRT-PCR was then carried out to verify the screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results showed that, when stimulated by fetal bovine serum (10%) for 24 h or tumor necrosis factor-α (10 or 30 ng/ml) for 10 or 24 h, deletion of GATA4 C-terminus by p.S335X mutation in GATA4 enhanced the proliferation of RCSMC, without alteration of the migration capability. Twelve DEGs, including Fas, Hbegf, Itga5, Aimp1, Cxcl1, Il15, Il2rg, Il7, Tnfsf10, Il1r1, Irak1, and Tlr3, were screened and identified as phenotypic modulation-related genes. Our data might be beneficial for further exploration regarding the mechanisms of GATA4 p.S335X mutation on the phenotypic modulation of coronary VSMC.
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403
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Choi HJ, Seo EJ, Choi JS, Oh SJ, Son YJ. Perioperative risk factors for new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation among patients after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective study. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:1317-1326. [PMID: 34519375 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Incidence of atrial fibrillation is considerably high after open heart surgery, which may prolong hospitalization and increase mortality. The aim of the present study is to investigate the perioperative risk factors for the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation following isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. DESIGN A retrospective study. METHODS A total of 327 Korean patients recorded to have undergone first-time isolated coronary artery bypass grafting and no preoperative history of atrial fibrillation were included. The data were obtained from electronic health record from January 2010 to December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. Predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation after the surgery were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The incidence rate of new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting was approximately 28.4%, and the highest occurrence rate was 44.1% on postoperative day 2. Our main finding showed that advanced age was the strongest predictor of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. In addition, history of stroke and depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intraoperative use of intra-aortic balloon pump were shown to be the risk factors. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that approximately 28% patients had new-onset atrial fibrillation after the surgery. Healthcare professionals should proactively assess risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation and focus more on older adults with pre-existing comorbidities, such as stroke, depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IMPACT Older adults with history of stroke, depression and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should be carefully monitored closely during perioperative period. The study highlights that early assessment of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation can contribute to promote the quality of nursing care and frontline nurses may be a vital role in timely detection of atrial fibrillation after surgery. Prospective studies are required to identify the mechanisms connecting perioperative risk factors for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jae Choi
- Graduate School of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Seo
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Son
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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404
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Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease-A Risky Combination for Post-Contrast Acute Kidney Injury. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184140. [PMID: 34575257 PMCID: PMC8471797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) symptoms may mimic coronary artery disease (CAD) which reflects the difficulties in qualifying AF patients for invasive diagnostics. A substantial number of coronary angiographies may be unnecessary or even put patients at risk of post-contrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI), especially patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to investigate the hypothesis indicating higher prevalence of PC-AKI in patients with AF scheduled for coronary angiography. The study population comprised of 8026 patients referred for elective coronarography including 1621 with AF. In the comparison of prevalence of PC-AKI in distinguished groups we can see that kidney impairment was twice more frequent in patients with AF in both groups with CKD (CKD (+)/AF (+) 6.24% vs. CKD (+)/AF (−) 3.04%) and without CKD (CKD (−)/AF (+) 2.32% vs. CKD (−)/AF (−) 1.22%). In our study, post-contrast acute kidney disease is twice more frequent in patients with AF, especially in subgroup with chronic kidney disease scheduled for coronary angiography. Additionally, having in mind results of previous studies stating that AF is associated with non-obstructive coronary lesions on angiography, patients with AF and CKD may be unnecessarily exposed to contrast agent and possible complications.
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405
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Ewald ML, Chen YH, Lee AP, Hughes CCW. The vascular niche in next generation microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3244-3262. [PMID: 34396383 PMCID: PMC8635227 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00530h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microphysiological system (MPS, also known as, organ-on-a-chip or tissue chip) platforms have emerged with great promise to improve the predictive capacity of preclinical modeling thereby reducing the high attrition rates when drugs move into trials. While their designs can vary quite significantly, in general MPS are bioengineered in vitro microenvironments that recapitulate key functional units of human organs, and that have broad applications in human physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical pharmacology. A critical next step in the evolution of MPS devices is the widespread incorporation of functional vasculature within tissues. The vasculature itself is a major organ that carries nutrients, immune cells, signaling molecules and therapeutics to all other organs. It also plays critical roles in inducing and maintaining tissue identity through expression of angiocrine factors, and in providing tissue-specific milieus (i.e., the vascular niche) that can support the survival and function of stem cells. Thus, organs are patterned, maintained and supported by the vasculature, which in turn receives signals that drive tissue specific gene expression. In this review, we will discuss published vascularized MPS platforms and present considerations for next-generation devices looking to incorporate this critical constituent. Finally, we will highlight the organ-patterning processes governed by the vasculature, and how the incorporation of a vascular niche within MPS platforms will establish a unique opportunity to study stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makena L Ewald
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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406
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Elmougy R. Gene polymorphism of 3'APO-VNTR in Egyptians with coronary artery disease. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:390-394. [PMID: 34616229 PMCID: PMC8451227 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-30616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery diseases (CAD) are big health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is considered one of the main causes of death in the world. Dyslipidemia increases the risk of CAD incidences. It is aimed in this worktop study the impact of 3'APOBVNTRgene on CAD incidences. Methods Eighty CAD patients and ninety-three healthy volunteers are enrolled in this study. Lipid parameters were estimated in both groups and PCR technique has been performed to analyze 3'APOB-VNTR gene polymorphism. Results The genotypes 31/31, 31/37, 37/37 and 31/44 are more predominant in both groups. The frequency of 24/31 in CAD patients is (0.137) while it is completely absent in the control group. Our results show that there is an increase in the frequency of various genotypes (e.g., 17/31 and 21/34 genotypes) in the control group compared to theca patients group. Conclusions 3'APOB-VNTR gene could probably be considered a risk factor for CAD incidences and may help to early diagnose them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Elmougy
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Division of Biochemistry, Mansoura, Egypt
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407
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Review of the differences in outcomes between males and females after revascularization. Curr Opin Cardiol 2021; 36:652-660. [PMID: 34009807 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to compare outcomes of males and females undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), off-pump CABG (OPCAB), minimally invasive direct CABG (MIDCAB), and robotic total endoscopic CABG (TECAB). RECENT FINDINGS Females demonstrated increased rates of morbidity and mortality post PCI and CABG. In studies that performed risk adjustments, these differences were reduced. Although inferior outcomes were observed for females in some measures, generally outcomes between males and females were comparable post OPCAB, MIDCAB, and TECAB. SUMMARY Previous literature has demonstrated that females undergoing coronary revascularization experience inferior postoperative outcomes when compared to their male counterparts. The discrepancies between males and females narrow, but do not disappear when preoperative risks are accounted for and when considering minimally invasive approaches such as MIDCAB, OPCAB, and TECAB. Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has demonstrated numerous benefits with reduced morbidity, mortality, and shorter recovery times. In patients with increased comorbidities, minimally invasive approaches confer a greater advantage. As females often fall within this category, it is paramount that the diagnosis and referral process be optimized to account for preoperative differences to provide the most beneficial approach if the disparity between the sexes is to be addressed.
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408
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Moradi N, Fouani FZ, Vatannejad A, Bakhti Arani A, Shahrzad S, Fadaei R. Serum levels of Asprosin in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD): a case-control study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:88. [PMID: 34419063 PMCID: PMC8380384 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered as a multi-faceted chronic inflammatory disease involving reduced blood supply to the myocardium as a result of accumulating lipids in the atrial walls. Visceral adiposity with disrupted release of adipokines play a key role in its pathogenesis. Asprosin is a newly identified fasting-induced glucogenic adipokine that has been related with metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome. The preset study sought to assess circulating asprosin in context of CAD. Methods In this study, serum levels of asprosin were determined in 88 CAD patients and 88 non-CAD healthy controls. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, asprosin and adiponectin were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Serum asprosin was found to be higher in CAD patients when compared to non-CAD subjects (7.84 ± 2.08 versus 5.02 ± 1.29 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Similarly, serum TNF-α, and IL-6 elevated in CAD group significantly (p < 0.001). However, circulating adiponectin diminished in CAD group when compared with non-CAD subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, serum asprosin levels directly correlated with BMI, FBG, HOMA-IR, TG and TC. Logistic regression analyses showed that asprosin levels were associated with increased risk of developing CAD (odds ratio: 3.01, 95% CI: 2.16, 4.20 and p < 0.001), after adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex and BMI). Conclusions The present study findings suggested a possible relation of serum asprosin with the pathogenesis of CAD, in particular through insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatima Zahraa Fouani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bakhti Arani
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Shariatee training and research Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahrzad
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Shariatee training and research Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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409
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Zhang M, Wu S, Xu S, Chen S. Impact of monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio on the identification of prevalent coronary heart disease: insights from a general population. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:822-829. [PMID: 34281466 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2021.1957265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) as a simple, practical surrogate of atherosclerosis. Considering atherosclerosis is a major mechanism of coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study aims to evaluate the association between MHR and the prevalence of CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS The present cross-sectional work included 6442 participants (mean age: 59.57 years, 60.2% females), all of them were included from rural areas of northern China between October 2019 to April 2020. MHR was acquired as monocytes count divided by high-density lipoprotein concentration. Prevalent CHD researched 3.14%. After adjustment of sex, age, current drinking and smoking, BMI, WC, diabetes, hypertension, LDL-C, TG, eGFR, lipid-lowering therapy and cerebrovascular disease history, each standard deviation increase of MHR cast a 39.5% additional CHD risk. Furthermore, the top quartile of MHR had an additional 89.0% CHD risk than the bottom quartile. Besides, smooth curve fitting revealed a linear pattern of the association. Additionally, the stratified evaluation showed a robust correlation among the subgroups divided by CHD risk factors. Finally, area under the curve demonstrated an advancement when including MHR into common CHD risk factors (0.744 vs 0.761, p < 0.001). Consistently, reclassification analysis indicated the improvement from MHR (all P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our work suggests the robust and linear relationship between MHR and the prevalent CHD in a general population, providing epidemiological evidence for laboratory studies. More importantly, the findings implicate the efficacy of MHR to be a potential indicator to identify the prevalent CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan Shandong, China
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan Shandong, China
| | - Shouqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan Shandong, China
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410
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Shi Y, Hou SA. Protective effects of metformin against myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury via AMPK‑dependent suppression of NOX4. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:712. [PMID: 34396450 PMCID: PMC8383039 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that metformin can reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and improve the prognosis of patients. However, its specific mechanism has not been determined. Using a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), it was observed that metformin significantly reduced infarct size, and decreased the levels of plasma lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB form. A TTC-Evans blue staining was used to detect the infarct size and MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability. TUNEL assay was performed to evaluate apoptosis. Furthermore, 4-hydroxynonenal was detected by immunohistochemical staining. mRNA expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; protein expression levels were detected by immunoblotting. When treated with metformin, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly decreased. Reduced 4HNE immunoreactivity was observed in metformin-treated rats as determined via immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) was downregulated by metformin at both the mRNA and protein levels, and adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation was increased by metformin. In a primary myocardial hypoxia-reoxygenation cell model, metformin increased the viability of cardiomyocytes and reduced the content of malondialdehyde. It was also found that metformin upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased the expression of NOX4. Furthermore, pre-treatment with AMPK inhibitor compound-C could block the effect of metformin, indicated by increased NOX4 compared with metformin treatment alone. These results suggested that metformin was capable of reducing the oxidative stress injury induced by MIRI. In conclusion, the present study indicated that metformin activated AMPK to inhibit the expression of NOX4, leading to a decrease in myocardial oxidative damage and apoptosis, thus alleviating reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Ai Hou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
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411
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Tzortzi A, Kapetanstrataki M, Rachiotis G, Evangelopoulou V, Leventou E, Behrakis P. Perceived Importance of Public Health Risks in Greece: A Nationwide Survey of the Adult Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168256. [PMID: 34444006 PMCID: PMC8393876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study is the first to examine the perceptions of the Greek public towards selected health risks and prioritize perceived risk importance and the needs to be addressed for public health promotion. Participants were asked to consider the individual importance of selected risks and the top three most important risks. Data collection took place on February 2020 in a representative sample of the adult Greek population. Differences between groups were assessed with Chi-square tests. Logistic regression models were used to identify perceptions based on participants’ characteristics. Analysis was conducted in Stata 14, and 1976 adults participated in the survey: 48% male and 52% female. Road accidents, cancer and air pollution and environmental protection were considered the top three most important public health risks. Differences were observed between sexes; females were more concerned regarding the importance of the examined public health risks, and between age groups, younger ages considered STDs and contraception more important than older ages. Finally, non-smokers considered exercise and smoking to be more important than smokers. This is the first study to present and grade the public’s perceptions on the importance of public health risks in Greece. Our study’s prioritization of health risks could aid health authorities in improving and promoting the overall public health in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tzortzi
- George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (V.E.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Public Health, The American College of Greece, 15342 Athens, Greece
| | - Melpo Kapetanstrataki
- George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (V.E.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106470056
| | - Georgios Rachiotis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece;
| | - Vaso Evangelopoulou
- George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (V.E.); (P.B.)
| | - Eleni Leventou
- School of Allied and Public Health Professions, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK;
| | - Panagiotis Behrakis
- George D. Behrakis Research Lab, Hellenic Cancer Society, 11521 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (V.E.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Public Health, The American College of Greece, 15342 Athens, Greece
- Athens Medical Center, 15125 Athens, Greece
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412
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Huang J, Huang S, Li J, Li M, Gong L, Li T, Gu L. CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism might contribute to coronary artery disease susceptibility in Chinese male: a case-control study. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:415-423. [PMID: 34338988 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulin 1 (CALM1) mutations are involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the relationship of CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism with CAD is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the relationship of CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism with CAD susceptibility, CALM1 expression, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood coagulation and serum lipid levels of CAD patients. METHODS 550 CAD patients and 550 control subjects were genotyped for CALM1 using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. CALM1 expression level was measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS CALM1 mRNA expression was higher in CAD patients than that in control subjects (P < 0.001). CAD patients with CC genotype had higher CALM1 mRNA expression level than control subjects with CC genotype (P = 0.006). Genotypic frequency of rs3179089 was different between male patients of CAD and control subjects (P = 0.045). Rs3179089 polymorphism was related to CAD risk of males in recessive model (P = 0.039). Moreover, rs3179089 polymorphism was associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and D-Dimer (D-D) level of patients with CAD in recessive model (P = 0.013 for SBP; P = 0.034 for DBP; P = 0.004 for FPG; P = 0.046 for D-D). In addition, rs3179089 polymorphism was correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) serum levels of patients with CAD in both addictive (P = 0.025 for LDL-C; P = 0.001 for TC) and recessive models (P = 0.001 for LDL-C; P = 0.001 for TC). CONCLUSION CALM1 expression is associated with development of CAD. CALM1 rs3179089 polymorphism affects CAD susceptibility in males, and blood pressure, blood glucose, blood coagulation and serum lipid of CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, China.,University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14228, USA.,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China
| | - Siyun Huang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Minhua Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lin Gong
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Tongshun Li
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China
| | - Lian Gu
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530299, Guangxi, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 89-9 Dongge Road, Nanning, 530023, Guangxi, China.
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413
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Tian XX, Zheng SF, Liu JE, Wu YY, Lin L, Chen HM, Li LW, Qin M, Wang ZX, Zhu Q, Lai WH, Zhong S. Free Triiodothyronine Connected With Metabolic Changes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease by Interacting With Other Functional Indicators. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:681955. [PMID: 34395522 PMCID: PMC8362995 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.681955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the association between free triiodothyronine (FT3) and outcomes of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, as well as to assess the predictive power of FT3 and related functional markers from the perspective of potential mechanism. A total of 5104 CAD patients with an average follow-up of three years were enrolled into our study. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between FT3, FT4 (free thyroxin), FT3/FT4 and death, MACE. We developed and validated an age, biomarker, and clinical history (ABC) model based on FT3 indicators to predict the prognosis of patients with CAD. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, FT3 and FT3/FT4 were independent predictors of mortality (Adjusted HR = 0.624, 95% CI = 0.486–0.801; adjusted HR = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.002–0.07, respectively). Meanwhile, emerging markers pre-brain natriuretic peptide, fibrinogen, and albumin levels are significantly associated with low FT3 (p < 0.001). The new risk death score based on biomarkers can be used to well predict the outcomes of CAD patients (C index of 0.764, 95% CI = 0.731–0.797). Overall, our findings suggest that low levels of FT3 and FT3/FT4 are independent predictors of death and MACE risk in CAD patients. Besides, the prognostic model based on FT3 provides a useful tool for the death risk stratification of CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Fen Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju-E Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Xian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Hua Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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414
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Liu Q, Wu H, Yu Z, Huang Q, Zhong Z. APOE gene ɛ4 allele (388C-526C) effects on serum lipids and risk of coronary artery disease in southern Chinese Hakka population. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23925. [PMID: 34313350 PMCID: PMC8418481 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS 1,129 CAD patients and 1,014 non-CAD controls were included in the study, and relevant information and medical records were collected. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed, including rs429358, rs7412 in APOE gene and rs2306283, rs4149056 in SLCO1B1 gene. RESULTS The CAD patients' average age was 66.3 ± 10.7 years, while 65.5 ± 12.0 years in controls. The frequencies of APOE allele ɛ3, ɛ4, and ɛ2 were 83.01%, 10.08%, and 6.91% respectively. There were statistically significant differences in genotype ɛ3/ɛ4 (χ2 = 8.077, p = 0.005) in CAD patients compared with the controls. The SLCO1B1 genotype *1b/*1b and haplotype *1b showed the highest frequency in the study sample. Moreover, ε4 carriers had significantly lower HDL-C, Apo-A1 levels than ε3 carriers among CAD patients, while ε2 carriers showed lower LDL-C, Apo-B level, and higher Apo-A1/Apo-B level than ε3 and ε4 carriers. In controls, ε2 carriers showed lower LDL-C and Apo-B level, higher Apo-A1, and Apo-A1/Apo-B level than ε4 carriers. Logistic regression analysis showed that high LDL-C and Apo-B level, low HDL-C level, smoking, and the ε4 allele were risks for the presence of CAD. CONCLUSIONS APOE ε4 allele may be associated with susceptibility to CAD in southern Chinese Hakka population. It indicated that the APOE SNPs rs429358 and rs7412 are associated with CAD, but not SNPs rs2306283 and rs4149056 of SLCO1B1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Liu
- Center for Pathological Diagnostics, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Qingyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
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415
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Wu HY, Gao TJ, Cao YW, Diao JY, You PH, Yao XW. Analysis of the association and predictive value of hyperhomocysteinaemia for obstructive coronary artery disease. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211033495. [PMID: 34292764 PMCID: PMC8312177 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211033495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the predictive value of hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in an Asian population in northern China. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients at their first cardiac assessment and assigned them to an obstructive CAD group or a non-obstructive CAD group according to the coronary angiography results. HHcy was defined as a homocysteine (Hcy) level > 15 µmol/l. Results This study enrolled 2987 participants: 1172 in the non-obstructive CAD group and 1815 in the obstructive CAD group. Hcy level in the obstructive CAD group was significantly higher than in the non-obstructive CAD group. The proportion of patients with HHcy in the obstructive CAD group was significantly greater than in the non-obstructive CAD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HHcy was independently correlated with obstructive CAD in both young (aged ≤ 55 years) and old patients (aged > 55 years). HHcy showed a higher sensitivity (93.1%), specificity (86.1%) and accuracy (90.0%) for obstructive CAD. The odds ratio for HHcy was 84.2. The Kappa value (0.8) showed substantial agreement between obstructive CAD and HHcy. Conclusions HHcy was associated with obstructive CAD and may be a potentially independent risk factor for obstructive CAD with good predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Wei Cao
- Department of Electrocardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Diao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peng-Hua You
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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416
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Fan W, Zhang Y, Gao X, Liu Y, Shi F, Liu J, Sun L. The Prognostic Value of a Derived Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:10760296211034579. [PMID: 34286626 PMCID: PMC8299898 DOI: 10.1177/10760296211034579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) are novel indexes that simultaneously reflect the host inflammatory and immune status and have prognostic value in some cancers. SII was associated with major cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, dNLR correlations with clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing PCI remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the predictive values of SII and dNLR on the long-term prognosis of patients with ACS undergoing PCI. In total, 1,553 ACS patients undergoing PCI were consecutively enrolled from January 2016 to December 2018. The subjects were divided into high and low SII and dNLR groups for comparison (high vs. low). The SII and dNLR cutoff values for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves, and Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for survival analyses. The endpoint was a MACE, which included all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for severe heart failure during follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a higher SII or dNLR value was associated with a higher risk of MACE (all P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression models showed that SII (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.545; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.416-4.574; P = 0.002) and dNLR (HR: 2.610, 95% CI: 1.454-4.685, P = 0.001) were independent predictors for MACE. dNLR may be a suitable laboratory marker to identify high-risk ACS patients after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Fan
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
| | - Xiuxin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
| | - Lixian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, 117914The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, HeBei, China
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417
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Non-mercaptalbumin is significantly associated with the coronary plaque burden and the severity of coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14242. [PMID: 34244579 PMCID: PMC8270939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human non-mercaptalbumin (HNA), oxidized form of serum albumin, has been reported as a useful marker in oxidative stress-related diseases; however, few reports have examined the association between HNA and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study evaluated whether the HNA fraction is correlated with coronary artery stenosis in 140 patients considered to have a high risk of CAD or who were suspected of having acute coronary syndrome. The severity of CAD was defined by the number of stenotic coronary vessels and a severity score system (the Gensini score). HNA measurements were performed using our newly established high-performance liquid chromatography methodology. The results had shown that HNA was significantly increased in patients with three-vessel disease, compared with those without CAD or with single-vessel disease (p = 0.025), and was positively correlated with the Gensini score (ρ = 0.421, p < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that the number of stenotic vessels was an independent and significant factor associated with HNA (ρ = 1.246, p = 0.012). A logistic regression analysis showed that HNA was a strong predictor of multivessel CAD (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.020–1.229; p = 0.017). These findings indicate that the measurement of HNA could be clinically practical for predicting the severity of coronary artery stenosis.
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418
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Kai H, Wu Q, Yin R, Tang X, Shi H, Wang T, Zhang M, Pan C. LncRNA NORAD Promotes Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury and Atherosclerosis Through Suppressing VEGF Gene Transcription via Enhancing H3K9 Deacetylation by Recruiting HDAC6. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701628. [PMID: 34307380 PMCID: PMC8301222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of mortality globally. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in CAD development. To date, the effect of lncRNA non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) on atherosclerosis in CAD remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lncRNA NORAD on vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis. Here, ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed ApoE–/– mice were utilized as in vitro and in vivo models. The present study found that lncRNA NORAD expression was increased in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs and thoracic aorta of atherosclerotic mice, and knockdown of lncRNA NORAD alleviated vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis development in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of lncRNA NORAD aggravated ox-LDL-reduced or atherosclerosis-decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in HUVECs and thoracic aorta of mice to ameliorate vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis development. Moreover, nucleus lncRNA NORAD suppressed VEGF gene transcription through enhancing H3K9 deacetylation via recruiting HDAC6 to the VEGF gene promoter in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. In addition, VEGF reduced FUS (FUS RNA binding protein) expression by a negative feedback regulation in HUVECs. In summary, lncRNA NORAD enhanced vascular endothelial cell injury and atherosclerosis through suppressing VEGF gene transcription via enhancing H3K9 deacetylation by recruiting HDAC6. The findings could facilitate discovering novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Kai
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qiyong Wu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ruohan Yin
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Changjie Pan
- Department of Radiology, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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419
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PCSK9: A Multi-Faceted Protein That Is Involved in Cardiovascular Biology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070793. [PMID: 34356856 PMCID: PMC8301306 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is secreted mostly by hepatocytes and to a lesser extent by the intestine, pancreas, kidney, adipose tissue, and vascular cells. PCSK9 has been known to interact with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and chaperones the receptor to its degradation. In this manner, targeting PCSK9 is a novel attractive approach to reduce hyperlipidaemia and the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Recently, it has been recognised that the effects of PCSK9 in relation to cardiovascular complications are not only LDLR related, but that various LDLR-independent pathways and processes are also influenced. In this review, the various LDLR dependent and especially independent effects of PCSK9 on the cardiovascular system are discussed, followed by an overview of related PCSK9-polymorphisms and currently available and future therapeutic approaches to manipulate PCSK9 expression.
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420
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Kearney KE, Wallner K, Kim M, Hira RS, Kim EY, Nakamura K, Parvathaneni U, Steinberg ZL, McCabe JM, Lombardi WL, Phillips ML, Don C. Intravascular coronary brachytherapy combined with a drug-coated balloon. Brachytherapy 2021; 20:1276-1281. [PMID: 34226148 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease leads to stenosis of the major cardiac vessels, resulting in ischemia and infarction. Percutaneous intervention (PCI) with balloon angioplasty can re-open stenosed vessels. Drug eluting stents (DES) and intravascular brachytherapy (IVBT) and drug-coated balloons (DCBs) are proven to decrease the likelihood of another restenosis after PCI, but neither is completely effective. Due to the limited long-term effectiveness of IVBT or DCB used separately for salvage PCI, we combined the two in some poor prognosis patients. METHODS Combined IVBT+DCB was intended for a total of 36 patients from 2015-2020. PCI with some combination of ballooning, laser and directional/rotational atherectomy was used to maximally open the stenotic region prior to IVBT+DCB. Beta-radiation brachytherapy for all patients was done with a Novoste Beta-Cath. Lutonix 4.0 x 40 mm paclitaxel-coated balloons (Bard, Murray Hill, NJ) were employed. RESULTS Overall survival at two years was 88%. Nine patients had follow-up angiograms, all for cardiac symptoms. Time from IVBT+DCB to follow-up angiography ranged from 4 to 33 months. The average months PCI-free interval before brachy therapy was 11.1 mos (95% CI 1.03-23.25) versus 23.3 mos after VBT (23.3 95% CI 12.3-32.3). The mean difference was 11.2 mos (95% CI 1.06-21.4, p < 0.031). None of the follow-up angiographic procedures displayed evidence of what could be interpreted as radiation damage. CONCLUSIONS In this uncontrolled series, IVBT plus DCB appeared to lengthen the ISR-free interval relative to what had been achieved prior to the combined intervention. We view these results as mildly encouraging, worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent Wallner
- Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
| | - Minsun Kim
- Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ravi S Hira
- Departments of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edward Y Kim
- Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kenta Nakamura
- Departments of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - James M McCabe
- Departments of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Creighton Don
- Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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421
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Li P, Li Y, Chen L, Ma X, Yan X, Yan M, Qian B, Wang F, Xu J, Yin J, Xu G, Sun K. Long noncoding RNA uc003pxg.1 regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration via miR‑25‑5p in coronary artery disease. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:160. [PMID: 34212983 PMCID: PMC8262661 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be associated with the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). In our previous study, the levels of lncRNA uc003pxg.1 were upregulated in patients with CAD compared with those in control subjects. However, the role and underlying mechanism of the effects of uc003pxg.1 in CAD remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the expression pattern and biological function of uc003pxg.1 in CAD. First, uc003pxg.1 expression levels were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with CAD by reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q)PCR. The results demonstrated that the levels of uc003pxg.1 were significantly upregulated (~4.6‑fold) in samples from 80 patients with CAD compared with those in 80 healthy subjects. Subsequently, the present study demonstrated that small interfering RNA‑mediated uc003pxg.1 knockdown inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation and migration, which was analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit‑8, cell cycle, EdU and Transwell assays. Additionally, the results of RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that uc003pxg.1 regulated the mRNA and protein levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase. Through high‑throughput sequencing and dual‑luciferase reporter assays, the present study demonstrated that microRNA (miR)‑25‑5p was a downstream target of uc003pxg.1. Further experiments verified that uc003pxg.1 regulated HUVEC proliferation and migration via miR‑25‑5p. The results of the present study may enhance the current understanding of the role of lncRNA uc003pxg.1 in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Xuexing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Meina Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Buyun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Juan Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Guidong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215008, P.R. China
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Han P, Tang J, Wang X, Su Y, Li G, Deng K. Research on the distribution spectrum of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with suspected coronary artery disease and the noninvasive screening model for coronary atherosclerosis burden. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:3274-3285. [PMID: 34249653 PMCID: PMC8250030 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish a non-invasive and simple screening model of coronary atherosclerosis burden based on the associations between multiple blood parameters and total plaque score (TPS), segment-stenosis score (SSS), coronary artery disease severity (CADS) in coronary artery disease (CAD) and thus reduce unnecessary coronary angiography (CAG). METHODS A total of 1,366 patients with suspected CAD who underwent CAG were included in this study. The clinical risk factors [age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (GHB)] were collected. The presence of plaques and lumen stenosis was assessed based on CAG imaging. The TPS, SSS, and CADS were calculated, and the distribution spectrum of atherosclerotic plaques was described. Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparison tests was performed to analyze the differences in groups of different risk factors. The selected independent predictors were put into a multivariate logistic model, and the variables were further screened by stepwise regression to establish a screening model. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the selected model's discriminant effect. RESULTS The distributions of TPS and SSS scores were both right-skewed. Among males, both TPS and SSS scores were higher than in females (χ2=46.7659, P<0.0001, χ2=51.6603, P<0.0001). Both TPS and SSS scores increased with age (χ2=123.4456, P<0.0001, χ2=123.4456, P<0.0001). For TPS, the most common position was proximal left anterior descending artery (P-LAD, 51.39%). In SSS, the P-LAD plaque was highest: 0: 48.61%, 1: 10.32%, 2: 9.15%, and 3: 31.92%. The TPS score >5, SSS score >5, and CAD >0 were valuable indicators for SBP, FPG, TG, HDL, and GHB. In the model, TPS score >5, SSS score >5, and CADS >0, the area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.753 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.713 to 0.789], 0.728 (95% CI: 0.687 to 0.766), and 0.756 (95% CI: 0.717 to 0.793), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The most common site of lesions was P-LAD. These models can be used as non-invasive and simple initial screening tools without CAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxi Han
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyan Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Jishou, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuwen Su
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guijie Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Xie G, Chen H, Sun Y, Gu G, Lin Z, Wang W, Li J. Predicting circRNA-Disease Associations Based on Deep Matrix Factorization with Multi-source Fusion. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:582-594. [PMID: 34185304 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-021-00455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, circRNAs with covalently closed loops have been discovered to play important parts in the progression of diseases. Nevertheless, the study of circRNA-disease associations is highly dependent on biological experiments, which are time-consuming and expensive. Hence, a computational approach to predict circRNA-disease associations is urgently needed. In this paper, we presented an approach that is based on deep matrix factorization with multi-source fusion (DMFMSF). In DMFMSF, several useful circRNA and disease similarities were selected and then combined by similarity kernel fusion. Then, linear and non-linear characteristics were mined using singular value decomposition (SVD) and deep matrix factorization to infer potential circRNA-disease associations. Performance of the proposed DMFMSF on two benchmark datasets are rigorously validated by leave-one-out cross-validation(LOOCV) and fivefold cross-validation (5-fold CV). The experimental results showed that DMFMSF is superior over several existing computational approaches. In addition, five important diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, colorectal cancer, and coronary artery disease were applied in case studies. The results suggest that DMFMSF can be used as an accurate and efficient computational tool for predicting circRNA-disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Xie
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guosheng Gu
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.,School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jianming Li
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Alizadeh-Fanalou S, Nazarizadeh A, Alian F, Faraji P, Sorori B, Khosravi M. Small dense low-density lipoprotein-lowering agents. Biol Chem 2021; 401:1101-1121. [PMID: 32427116 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly atherosclerosis, are still leading causes of death worldwide. Plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are currently being considered as a critical risk factor for the diseases mentioned above, especially atherosclerosis. Because of the heterogeneous nature of LDL, many studies have already been conducted on its subclasses, especially small dense LDL (sdLDL). According to available evidence, sdLDL levels can be considered as an ideal alternative to LDL levels for monitoring CVD and early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Recently, several researchers have focused on factors that are able to decrease sdLDL levels and improve health quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the production process of sdLDL particles and review the effects of pharmaceutical and dietary agents as well as lifestyle on sdLDL plasma levels. In brief, their mechanisms of action are discussed. Apparently, cholesterol and LDL-lowering compounds are also effective in the reduction of sdLDL levels. In addition, improving lipid profile, especially the reduction of triglyceride levels, appropriate regimen, and lifestyle can decrease sdLDL levels. Therefore, all the aforementioned parameters should be taken into consideration simultaneously in sdLDL levels reducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1449614535,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Nazarizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran1449614535,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran131451365,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Parisa Faraji
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran131451365,Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Bahareh Sorori
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom3714668669,Islamic Republic of Iran
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Wang H, Ba Y, Han W, Zhang H, Zhu L, Jiang P. Association of heat shock protein polymorphisms with patient susceptibility to coronary artery disease comorbid depression and anxiety in a Chinese population. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11636. [PMID: 34178482 PMCID: PMC8216166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the severe diseases that threaten human health worldwide. In addition, the associated rate of comorbidity with depression and anxiety is extremely high. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that possesses cardiovascular and psychological protection properties. The objective of this study is to determine the association of the two most widely studied HSPs, namely, HSP70 and HSP90, with CAD comorbid depression and anxiety in a Chinese population. Methods A case-control study involving 271 CAD patients and 113 healthy individuals was conducted. The 271 CAD patients include individuals with (123) and without depression (148) and individuals with (57) and without anxiety (214). Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for HSP70 and seven SNPs for HSP90 were selected and genotyped. Results Results revealed that the HSP70 rs10892958 C allele and HSP70 rs2236658 T allele were associated with a decreased risk of CAD (P < 0.05), whereas the G allele of the rs11218941 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of CAD. The haplotype analysis results indicated that the haplotype TGGGC of the HSPA8 gene (coded the HSP70 family, rs4936770/rs4802/rs10892958/rs11218941/rs2236658) significantly increased the risk of CAD (P = 0.008). Among the patients with CAD, the carriers of the CC genotype for the HSP90 rs1042665 showed higher risks of anxiety than the carriers of another genotypes. However, no significant relationships were found among the CAD with depression and CAD without depression groups for the selected SNPs. These findings suggested that the genetic polymorphisms in the HSP gene, especially the HSPA8 of HSP70, contribute to CAD susceptibility and rs1042665 genetic polymorphisms might have an effect on the anxiety incidence among CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yudong Ba
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Wenxiu Han
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Laiqing Zhu
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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426
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The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis, Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116118. [PMID: 34204153 PMCID: PMC8201018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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Pascale JV, Lucchesi PA, Garcia V. Unraveling the Role of 12- and 20- HETE in Cardiac Pathophysiology: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, Pharmacological Inhibitors, and Transgenic Approaches. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:707-717. [PMID: 34016841 PMCID: PMC8523029 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators play crucial roles in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Eicosanoid metabolites generated by lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 enzymes produce several classes of molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) family of bioactive lipids. In general, the cardioprotective effects of EETs have been documented across a number of cardiac diseases. In contrast, members of the HETE family have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic cardiac disease, maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. The net effect of 12(S)- and 20-HETE depends upon the relative amounts generated, ratio of HETEs:EETs produced, timing of synthesis, as well as cellular and subcellular mechanisms activated by each respective metabolite. HETEs are synthesized by and affect multiple cell types within the myocardium. Moreover, cytochrome P450-derived and lipoxygenase- derived metabolites have been shown to directly influence cardiac myocyte growth and the regulation of cardiac fibroblasts. The mechanistic data uncovered thus far have employed the use of enzyme inhibitors, HETE antagonists, and the genetic manipulation of lipid-producing enzymes and their respective receptors, all of which influence a complex network of outcomes that complicate data interpretation. This review will summarize and integrate recent findings on the role of 12(S)-/20-HETE in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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A novel amorphous preparation improved curcumin bioavailability in healthy volunteers: A single-dose, double-blind, two-way crossover study. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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429
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Langnau C, Rohlfing AK, Gekeler S, Günter M, Pöschel S, Petersen-Uribe Á, Jaeger P, Avdiu A, Harm T, Kreisselmeier KP, Castor T, Bakchoul T, Rath D, Gawaz MP, Autenrieth SE, Mueller KAL. Platelet Activation and Plasma Levels of Furin Are Associated With Prognosis of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and COVID-19. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2080-2096. [PMID: 33910372 PMCID: PMC8147700 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Langnau
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Rohlfing
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Gekeler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manina Günter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology (M.G., S.P., S.E.A.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg (M.G., S.E.A.)
| | - Simone Pöschel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology (M.G., S.P., S.E.A.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Álvaro Petersen-Uribe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philippa Jaeger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alban Avdiu
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Harm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Kreisselmeier
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Castor
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (T.B.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Paul Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stella E. Autenrieth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology (M.G., S.P., S.E.A.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Dendritic Cells in Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg (M.G., S.E.A.)
| | - Karin Anne Lydia Mueller
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology (C.L., A.-K.R., S.G., Á.P.-U., P.J., A.A., T.H., K.-P.K., T.C., D.R., M.P.G., K.A.L.M.), University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
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Li X, Gao M, Zhu S, Yin L, Zhang B, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Xu L. Hengshun Aromatic Vinegar Ameliorates Vascular Endothelial Injury via Regulating PKCζ-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:635232. [PMID: 34124116 PMCID: PMC8193096 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.635232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial injury (VEI) is an early event of atherosclerosis, and reversing endothelial dysfunction has become a new trend in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hengshun aromatic vinegar (HSAV), a traditional vinegar, has been reported to have many pharmacological activities, but its effect against VEI and the molecular mechanism are still unknown. In this study, effects of HSAV on VEI were evaluated in H2O2-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and methionine-induced VEI in rats. Results showed that HSAV significantly increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H2O2-induced HUVECs. Meanwhile, HSAV decreased serum homocysteine (Hcy), endothelin 1 (ET-1), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) levels, increased nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels, ameliorated pathological changes in rats with VEI induced by methionine. In parallel, HSAV relieved oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in rats with VEI. Mechanism studies indicated that HSAV markedly downregulated the expression of protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ), and consequently regulated sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)-mediated oxidative stress signal pathway, and protein inhibitor of activated STATy (PIASy)-mediated apoptosis pathway, leading to the alleviation of oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis. These regulative effects of HSAV were further validated by knockdown and overexpression of PKCζ in vitro. In conclusion, HSAV showed protective effect against VEI by inhibiting PKCζ and, thereby, ameliorating oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis. This study not only provides guidance for the consumption of vinegar in daily life but also promotes the development of diet supplement for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar Industry Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shenghu Zhu
- Jiangsu Hengshun Vinegar Industry Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongjian Yu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Guo N, Chen Y, Yang X, Yan H, Fan B, Quan J, Wang M, Yang H. Urinary metabolomic profiling reveals difference between two traditional Chinese medicine subtypes of coronary heart disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1179:122808. [PMID: 34218095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has shown that coronary heart disease (CHD) is a more common cause of death than cancer. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), CHD is classified as a form of thoracic obstruction that can be divided in different subtypes including Qi stagnation with blood stasis (QS) and Qi deficiency with blood stasis (QD). Different treatment strategies are used based on this subtyping. Owing to the lack of scientific markers in the diagnosis of these subtypes, subjective judgments made by clinicians have limited the objective manner for utility of TCM in the treatment of CHD. Untargeted (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) and targeted (UHPLC-MS/MS) metabolomics approaches were employed to search significantly different metabolites related to the QS or QD subtypes of CHD with angina pectoris in this study. A total of 42 metabolites were obtained in the untargeted metabolomics analysis and 34 amino acids were detected in the targeted metabolomics analysis. In total, 16 metabolites were found significantly different among different groups. The results showed distinct metabolic profiles of urine samples not only between CHD patients and healthy controls, but also between the two subtypes of CHD. Pathway analysis of the significantly varied metabolites revealed that there were subtype-related differences in the activity of pathways. Therefore, urinary metabolomics can reveal the pathological changes of CHD in different subtypes, make the diagnosis of CHD in different subtypes in an objective manner and comprehensive and contribute to personalized treatment by providing scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Center for Post-doctoral Research, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Shandong 276006, China
| | - Yangan Chen
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Han Yan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianye Quan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mei Wang
- LU-European Center for Chinese Medicine and Natural Compounds, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands; SU BioMedicine, Post Bus 546, 2300 AM Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Siwik D, Gajewska M, Karoń K, Pluta K, Wondołkowski M, Wilimski R, Szarpak Ł, Filipiak KJ, Gąsecka A. Pleiotropic Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting-Beyond Platelet Inhibition. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2317. [PMID: 34073241 PMCID: PMC8198192 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most frequently used medications worldwide. Yet, the main indications for ASA are the atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite the increasing number of percutaneous procedures to treat CAD, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the treatment of choice in patients with multivessel CAD and intermediate or high anatomical lesion complexity. Taking into account that CABG is a potent activator of inflammation, ASA is an important part in the postoperative therapy, not only due to ASA antiplatelet action, but also as an anti-inflammatory agent. Additional benefits of ASA after CABG include anticancerogenic, hypotensive, antiproliferative, anti-osteoporotic, and neuroprotective effects, which are especially important in patients after CABG, prone to hypertension, graft occlusion, atherosclerosis progression, and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the pleiotropic effects of ASA after CABG and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the benefits of treatment with ASA, beyond platelet inhibition. Since some of ASA pleiotropic effects seem to increase the risk of bleeding, it could be considered a starting point to investigate whether the increase of the intensity of the treatment with ASA after CABG is beneficial for the CABG group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Siwik
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Magdalena Gajewska
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Karoń
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Kinga Pluta
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Mateusz Wondołkowski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Radosław Wilimski
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Bialystok Oncology Center, 15-027 Bialystok, Poland;
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.G.); (K.K.); (K.P.); (K.J.F.)
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433
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Ozuynuk AS, Erkan AF, Ekici B, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Coban N. Cholesterol-related gene variants are associated with diabetes in coronary artery disease patients. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3945-3954. [PMID: 34021444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) which is a complex cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The changing prevalence of the disease in different ethnic groups pointing out the genetic background of CAD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of selected cholesterol metabolism-related gene polymorphisms to CAD presence. A total of 493 individuals who underwent coronary angiography were divided into 2 groups: normal coronary arteries (≤ 30% stenosis) and critical disease (≥ 50% stenosis). Individuals were genotyped for APOC1 (rs11568822), APOD (rs1568565), LIPA (rs13500), SORL1 (rs2282649), and LDLR (rs5930) polymorphisms using hydrolysis probes in Real-Time PCR. Blood samples were drawn before coronary angiography and biochemical analyses were done. The results were statistically evaluated. When the study group was stratified according to CAD, the minor allele of APOD polymorphism was found related to decreased risk for T2DM in the non-CAD group. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, LDLR rs5930 polymorphism was found associated with T2DM presence in the male CAD group [OR = 0.502, 95%CI (0.259-0.974), p = 0.042]. Besides, APOD and LIPA polymorphisms were shown to affect serum lipid levels in non-CAD T2DM patients (p < 0.05). The minor allele of APOC1 was found associated with triglyceride levels in males independent of CAD status. Besides, LDLR minor allele carrier females had elevated HbA1c and glucose levels independent from CAD status in the whole group. The cholesterol metabolism-related gene polymorphisms were found associated with T2DM and biochemical parameters stratified to sex, CAD, and T2DM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybike Sena Ozuynuk
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Sehremini, Istanbul, 34080, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aycan Fahri Erkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ekici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Erginel-Unaltuna
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Sehremini, Istanbul, 34080, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Coban
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Sehremini, Istanbul, 34080, Turkey.
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434
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Kim IJ, Lee JY, Park HW, Park HS, Ko EJ, Sung JH, Kim NK. Association between HOTAIR lncRNA Polymorphisms and Coronary Artery Disease Susceptibility. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050375. [PMID: 34064346 PMCID: PMC8147832 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), one of the most frequent causes of mortality, is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. This condition is characterized by the accumulation of plaques in the coronary artery, leading to blockage of blood flow to the heart. The main symptom of CAD is chest pain caused by blockage of the coronary artery and shortness of breath. HOX transcript antisense RNA gene (HOTAIR) is a long non-coding RNA which is well-known as an oncogene involved in various cancers, such as lung, breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer. We selected six single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs4759314 A>G, rs1899663 G>T, rs920778 T>C, rs7958904 G>C, rs12826786 C>T, and rs874945 C>T, for genotype frequency analysis and assessed the frequency of HOTAIR gene polymorphisms in 442 CAD patients and 418 randomly selected control subjects. To analyze the differences between these two populations, we performed a Student's t-test, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and ANOVA analysis. According to our baseline characteristic analysis, control subjects and CAD patients were significantly different in hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We also found that the rs4759314 A>G, rs1899663 G>T, and rs12826786 C>T genotypes were strongly associated with CAD susceptibility (AA vs. AG+GG: AOR = 0.608, 95% CI = 0.393-0.940, p = 0.025; GG vs. TT: AOR = 2.276, 95% CI = 1.125-4.607, p = 0.022; CC vs. CT+TT: AOR = 1.366, 95% CI = 1.027-1.818, p = 0.032, respectively). Our data also demonstrated that the genotype of HOTAIR polymorphisms, genotype combination, and haplotype analysis affect disease occurrence. Moreover, these polymorphisms are linked to clinical factors that contribute to disease susceptibility. In conclusion, results from our study suggest that HOTAIR polymorphisms may be useful novel biomarkers for diagnosing CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jai Kim
- CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (I.-J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Jeong-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (H.-W.P.); (H.-S.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Hyeon-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (H.-W.P.); (H.-S.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Han-Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (H.-W.P.); (H.-S.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (H.-W.P.); (H.-S.P.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Jung-Hoon Sung
- CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (I.-J.K.); (J.-H.S.)
| | - Nam-Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (H.-W.P.); (H.-S.P.); (E.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7137; Fax: +82-31-881-7249
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435
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Rigatelli G, Zuin M, Vassilev D, Mazza A, Bilato C, Roncon L. Pooled prevalence of three major cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing left main bifurcation stenting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 70:56-64. [PMID: 33944537 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.21.05666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of the major risk factors in patients with Left Main (LM) bifurcation disease has not been yet clearly assessed, although it would important for building up bifurcation computational models. We perform a systematic review and metaanalysis on the three major cardiovascular risk factors in patients treated for LM bifurcation disease using either single or 2-stent strategy. MEHTODS In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar were queried to locate articles published between January 2015 to October 2020, comparing single- versus 2-stent strategy and reporting the prevalence of arterial hypertension (HT), hyperlipidaemia (HyperL) and diabetes mellitus (DM). RESULTS Out of a total of 230 articles, 7 articles were included into the final analysis. A total of 4559 patients were enrolled: 2666 (58.4%, mean age 60.4 years, 2318 males) and 1933 patients (42.3%, mean age 64.8 years, 1763 males) received a single- and 2-stent stenting strategies, respectively. A random effect model revealed a pooled prevalence of HT, HyperL and DM in 69.4%, 38.9% and in 31% of cases, respectively. Prevalence of HT was lower in patients treated with single versus 2-stent strategy (63 versus 66.7% of patients, p=0.01) while HyperL and DM were more represented in single versus 2-stent strategy: 41.6 versus 34.1% (p<0.001), and 32.5 versus 31.8% of patients (p=0.61), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with LM bifurcation disease undergoing either single or 2- stent strategy, HT, HyperL and DM are frequent comorbidities. In severe LM disease requiring 2-stent technique, HT is the most prevalent risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rigatelli
- Section of Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Endoluminal Interventions, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy -
| | - Marco Zuin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dobrin Vassilev
- Department of Cardiology, Alexandrovska University School of Medicine, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alberto Mazza
- Hypertension Management Centre of Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Claudio Bilato
- Division of Cardiology, West Vicenza General Hospitals, Arzignano, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Loris Roncon
- Division of Cardiology, Rovigo General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
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436
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Shahinian JH, Chong AY, Glineur D. Cutting-Edge Coronary Imaging Guiding CABG. INNOVATIONS-TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 16:218-222. [PMID: 33877923 PMCID: PMC8609503 DOI: 10.1177/15569845211008162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin H. Shahinian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Aun Yeong Chong
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
| | - David Glineur
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Canada
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437
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Kowara M, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Different Approaches in Therapy Aiming to Stabilize an Unstable Atherosclerotic Plaque. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094354. [PMID: 33919446 PMCID: PMC8122261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is a vital clinical problem as vulnerable plaques tend to rupture, which results in atherosclerosis complications—myocardial infarctions and subsequent cardiovascular deaths. Therefore, methods aiming to stabilize such plaques are in great demand. In this brief review, the idea of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and five main approaches—towards the regulation of metabolism, macrophages and cellular death, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, and extracellular matrix remodeling have been presented. Moreover, apart from classical approaches (targeted at the general mechanisms of plaque destabilization), there are also alternative approaches targeted either at certain plaques which have just become vulnerable or targeted at the minimization of the consequences of atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture. These alternative approaches have also been briefly mentioned in this review.
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438
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Zhou MX, Tian X, Wu ZQ, Li K, Li ZJ. Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts: Effects on serum and gut microbiota in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13737. [PMID: 33876445 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut and Fuzhuan brick tea, a type of natural plant products, have obvious effects of fat reduction and weight loss; however, there is no report on their synergistic effect. This study investigated the effects of Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with different concentrations of areca nut (5% (LAF), 10% (MAF), and 20% (HAF)) on serum and gut microbiota in Kunming (KM) mice. The results showed that Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts (AFTs) could reduce weight, prevent the accumulation of fat, inhibit the increase in the levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, free fatty acid, insulin, and total bile acid, alleviate the decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and regulate the composition of gut microbiota by high-fat diet intervention. The HAF group with 20% areca nut content showed the best effect. These results could provide a novel approach to prevent obesity and hyperlipidemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Consumption of areca nut and tea is widespread in Asia and other regions. As a controversial raw material, the damage due to areca nut to oral mucosa health has often aroused public concern and heated discussion; however, its medicinal value has been confirmed in terms of its pharmacological effects in various aspects. Fuzhuan brick tea, a type of traditional postfermented dark tea, has been confirmed to exert effects of antiobesity. Therefore, the areca nut and Fuzhuan brick tea, as a type of natural plant products, have obvious effects of fat reduction and weight loss; however, their synergistic effect has not been reported. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the effects of the Fuzhuan brick tea supplemented with areca nuts (AFTs) on serum and gut microbiota in mice. On the premise of exerting their beneficial effects (especially in terms of easing food stagnation and eliminating indigestion) and reducing their toxic and side effects, the effects of AFTs on health were further clarified, which could provide a novel direction for the development and utilization of areca nut. Moreover, our research would increase public understanding of areca nut and provide guidance to the Fuzhuan brick tea processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xi Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhong-Qin Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zong-Jun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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439
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Chen H, Wang Z, Qin M, Zhang B, Lin L, Ma Q, Liu C, Chen X, Li H, Lai W, Zhong S. Comprehensive Metabolomics Identified the Prominent Role of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Coronary Artery Disease Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:632950. [PMID: 33937325 PMCID: PMC8080796 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.632950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronary stenosis severity determines ischemic symptoms and adverse outcomes. The metabolomic analysis of human fluids can provide an insight into the pathogenesis of complex disease. Thus, this study aims to investigate the metabolomic and lipidomic biomarkers of coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and to develop diagnostic models for distinguishing individuals at an increased risk of atherosclerotic burden and plaque instability. Methods: Widely targeted metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of plasma in 1,435 CAD patients from three independent centers were performed. These patients were classified as stable coronary artery disease (SCAD), unstable angina (UA), and myocardial infarction (MI). Associations between CAD stages and metabolic conditions were assessed by multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. Furthermore, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic-based classifiers were used to identify biomarkers and to develop prediagnostic models for discriminating the diverse CAD stages. Results: On the basis of weighted correlation network analysis, 10 co-clustering metabolite modules significantly (p < 0.05) changed at different CAD stages and showed apparent correlation with CAD severity indicators. Moreover, cross-comparisons within CAD patients characterized that a total of 72 and 88 metabolites/lipid species significantly associated with UA (vs. SCAD) and MI (vs. UA), respectively. The disturbed pathways included glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Furthermore, models incorporating metabolic and lipidomic profiles with traditional risk factors were constructed. The combined model that incorporated 11 metabolites/lipid species and four traditional risk factors represented better discrimination of UA and MI (C-statistic = 0.823, 95% CI, 0.783–0.863) compared with the model involving risk factors alone (C-statistic = 0.758, 95% CI, 0.712–0.810). The combined model was successfully used in discriminating UA and MI patients (p < 0.001) in a three-center validation cohort. Conclusion: Differences in metabolic profiles of diverse CAD subtypes provided a new approach for the risk stratification of unstable plaque and the pathogenesis decipherment of CAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Qin
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qilin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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440
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Identification of differentially expressed genes and the role of PDK4 in CD14+ monocytes of coronary artery disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228119. [PMID: 33739370 PMCID: PMC8024870 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by development of atherosclerosis (AS), which is the leading cause of mortality and disability. Our study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients compared with those from non-CAD controls, which might pave the way to diagnosis and treatment for CAD. Methods. The RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed by BGISEQ-500, followed by analyzing with R package to screening DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed by R package. In addition, we validated the results of RNA-seq using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, we explored the function of selected ten genes in LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes by RT-qPCR. Results. a total of 2897 DEGs were identified, including 753 up- and 2144 down-regulated genes in CD14+ monocytes from CAD patients. These DEGs were mainly enriched in plasma membrane and cell periphery of cell component, immune system process of biological process, NF-κB signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules signaling pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction signaling pathway. In LDL-treated CD14+ monocytes, the mRNA expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) was significantly up-regulated. Conclusion. In the present study, we suggested that PDK4 might play a role in progression of CAD. The study will provide some pieces of evidence to investigate the role and mechanism of key genes in the pathogenesis of CAD.
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441
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TOLUNAY H, FIRTINA S. Koroner Arter Hastalığının Öngördürücüleri Olarak Trigliserid Glikoz İndeksi ve Trigliserid / HDL Oranı. DÜZCE ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI ENSTITÜSÜ DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.33631/duzcesbed.882401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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442
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Torales JM, Centurión OA, Aquino NJ, Chávez CO, Alderete JF, Scavenius KE, Sequeira OR, Miño LM, Candia JC, Cáceres C, Lovera OA, Martínez JE. The relation between QRS complex fragmentation and segmental abnormalities of the myocardial contractility in patients with coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 2021; 73:325-330. [PMID: 34154750 PMCID: PMC8322790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is defined as any QRS complex with duration of less than 120 ms (ms) and at least one notch in the R or S wave in two or more leads belonging to the same coronary territory. The fQRS represents a delay in ventricular conduction caused by a myocardial scar associated to arrhythmic events. Methods This is a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of a total of 123 patientsadmitted with ischemic heart disease. The aim was to correlate the presence of fQRS in a conventional 12-leads electrocardiogram (ECG) with myocardial regional motility disorders. Results A total of 62% of the patients were male, the mean age was 63 ± 12 SD. fQRS was observed in 44% (64% men and 36% women), the most frequent location being the inferior wall (61%), followed by the anteroseptal and lateral walls (14% for both). Of the 36 patients with fQRS, 30 had segmental disorders, while 6 did not. Of the 45 patients without fQRS, 28 had segmental disorders, but 17 did not, which gives us a sensitivity of 52% (moderate SnNout) and specificity of 74% (high SpPin), with a positive predictive value of 83%, a negative predictive value of 38% and a prevalence of 72%. Conclusion The presence of fQRS in the ECG has high specificity and a high positive predictive value of the existence of segmental myocardial motility disorders in patients with documented coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith María Torales
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Department of Health Sciences Investigation, Sanatorio Metropolitano, Fernando de La Mora, Paraguay
| | - Osmar Antonio Centurión
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Department of Health Sciences Investigation, Sanatorio Metropolitano, Fernando de La Mora, Paraguay.
| | - Nelson J Aquino
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Christian O Chávez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - José F Alderete
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Department of Health Sciences Investigation, Sanatorio Metropolitano, Fernando de La Mora, Paraguay
| | - Karina E Scavenius
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Department of Health Sciences Investigation, Sanatorio Metropolitano, Fernando de La Mora, Paraguay
| | - Orlando R Sequeira
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Luis M Miño
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Department of Health Sciences Investigation, Sanatorio Metropolitano, Fernando de La Mora, Paraguay
| | - José C Candia
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Cristina Cáceres
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Oscar A Lovera
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Jorge E Martínez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Clínicas, Asunción National University (UNA), San Lorenzo, Paraguay
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443
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Marco A, Marco P. Improvement in the cardiovascular profile of patients with morbid obesity following bariatric surgery: Effect on hypercoagulability. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25280. [PMID: 33761732 PMCID: PMC9281975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an inflammatory state related to vascular endothelium dysfunction. It generates a biological situation of hypercoagulability increasing the risk of thrombosis. This prothrombotic condition could be improved by bariatric surgery.The main objective was to analyze the impact of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) associated with changes in thrombin generation and procoagulant activity of microparticles (MP).We present a prospective longitudinal study including consecutive patients candidate for bariatric surgery. We performed 3 sequential clinical visits: at inclusion, before surgery after completing the modified fasting phase, and 6 months after surgery. We analyzed CVRF, thrombin generation, and MP activity. The data analysis was performed using a logistic regression model to determine changes over time of hemostatic parameters and body mass index (BMI). McNemar test for binary variables was used to analyze the CVRF.We included 94 patients (66 women), with an average age of 45.7 ± 10.1 years. The mean BMI reduction at the end of the follow-up was 15.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2. We detected a statistically significant improvement in CVRF: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea, as well as a significant reduction in thrombin generation capacity and procoagulant MP activity.Massive weight loss induced by bariatric surgery improves the cardiovascular profile, associated with a reduction in the hypercoagulable status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marco
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Department, University General Hospital
- Biomedical Research Institute
| | - Pascual Marco
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Department, University General Hospital
- Biomedical Research Institute
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
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444
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The Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model for gut intervention studies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2625-2632. [PMID: 33718974 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human gut harbors a complex microbial community that performs a range of metabolic, physiological, and immunological functions. The host and its inhabiting microorganisms are often referred to as a "superorganism." Dysbiosis of gut microflora has been associated with the pathogenesis of intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and extra-intestinal disorders such as cardiovascular disease. Therefore, gut microbiome interventions are important for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, ethical, economic, scientific, and time constraints limit the outcome of human intervention or animal studies targeting gut microbiota. We recently developed an in vitro batch fermentation model (the Kobe University Human Intestinal Microbiota Model, KUHIMM) that is capable of hosting a majority of gut microbial species in humans and also detects the metabolites produced by microorganisms in real time. In this mini review, we elucidated the characteristics of the KUHIMM and its applicability in analyzing the effect of diet, drugs, probiotics, and prebiotics on intestinal bacteria. In addition, we introduce as examples its application to disease models, such as ulcerative colitis, in which intestinal bacteria are intricately involved in the process of pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential of the KUHIMM in precision medicine. KEY POINTS: • In vitro gut fermentation model to simulate human colonic microbiota • Screening of potential prebiotics and probiotic candidates in healthy model • Construction of disease models of ulcerative colitis and coronary artery disease.
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445
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George NM, Ramamoorthy L, Satheesh S, Jayapragasam KM. Gender divides in the clinical profiles of patients with acute myocardial infarction at a tertiary care center in South India. J Family Community Med 2021; 28:42-47. [PMID: 33679188 PMCID: PMC7927970 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_443_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early identification of myocardial infarction (MI) is a determinant in the provision of appropriate treatment modalities. The focus of the present study is on the identification of gender-based differences in risk factors, clinical manifestations, and coronary angiography findings in patients presenting with MI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients admitted with MI at a tertiary care center in South India during March 2016 to June 2017. Selected 120 male and 120 female consecutive patients admitted with acute MI, who had survived and been stabilized. Data was collected using a pre-tested structure data sheet. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Participants were homogenous as regards age (P < 0.107); majority of men and women were from the rural areas. About 32.5% of the men interpreted the pain as due to a cardiac problem or indigestion, whereas 60.8% of the women thought it was fatigue/muscle pain. The self-interpretation or perception of pain in both genders was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Compared to the men, the females increasingly presented with atypical symptoms (P = 0.005). Regarding ST-elevated MI, male preponderance was noted (P = 0.004)). Considering the anatomical location of MI, the presentation of Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (IWMI) was predominant in females compared to men (P = 0.003). The majority of men had increased presentation of single-vessel disease compared to women (P = 0.02), whereas normal coronaries and double-vessel disease were found statistically significantly higher in females (P = 0.03 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSION: Public education is needed on the atypical presentations which are common with women than in men. The public should, therefore, be informed of those symptoms and how to recognize them so that they may seek medical care promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neethu M George
- Department of of Nursing and, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Lakshmi Ramamoorthy
- Department of of Nursing and, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Santhosh Satheesh
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Kumari M Jayapragasam
- Department of of Nursing and, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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446
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Si Y, Fan W, Shan W, Zhang Y, Liu J, Han C, Sun L. Association between triglyceride glucose index and coronary artery disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and elderly people. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25025. [PMID: 33655974 PMCID: PMC7939227 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and coronary artery disease (CAD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and identify the risk associated TyG index in different subgroups.A total of 1665 eligible inpatients (CAD with T2DM group [n = 680], non-coronary artery disease without T2DM [n = 985]) were consecutively enrolled in this study. They were assigned into 4 subgroups: middle-aged, elderly, male, and female subgroups. Receiver operating characteristic curve diagnostic test and a logistic regression model was established to analyze the risk factors for CAD with T2DM.TyG index is an independent risk factor for patients with CAD with T2DM. The risk of increased TyG index is greater in the middle-aged and male subgroups than in the elderly and female subgroups, respectively (all P < .05). The specificity and the positive predictive value of the TyG index is greater than the sensitivity and the negative predictive value, respectively (all P < .05).Increased TyG index is a new independent risk factor for CAD with T2DM, and its risk is higher in the middle-aged and male subgroups than in the elderly and female subgroups, respectively. TyG index may be used as a clinical predictor of CAD with T2DM.
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447
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Liu J, Zhong L, Guo R. The Role of Posttranslational Modification and Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cardiovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6635836. [PMID: 33680284 PMCID: PMC7910068 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. The mechanism behind CVDs has been studied for decades; however, the pathogenesis is still controversial. Mitochondrial homeostasis plays an essential role in maintaining the normal function of the cardiovascular system. The alterations of any protein function in mitochondria may induce abnormal mitochondrial quality control and unexpected mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to CVDs. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) affect protein function by reversibly changing their conformation. This review summarizes how common and novel PTMs influence the development of CVDs by regulating mitochondrial quality control. It provides not only ideas for future research on the mechanism of some types of CVDs but also ideas for CVD treatments with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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448
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Liu X, Karmarkar P, Voit D, Frahm J, Weiss CR, Kraitchman DL, Bottomley PA. Real-Time High-Resolution MRI Endoscopy at up to 10 Frames per Second. BME FRONTIERS 2021; 2021:6185616. [PMID: 37849906 PMCID: PMC10521714 DOI: 10.34133/2021/6185616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Optical endoscopy, ultrasound, and X-ray offer minimally invasive imaging assessments but have limited sensitivity for characterizing disease and therapeutic response. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) endoscopy is a newer idea employing tiny catheter-mounted detectors connected to the MRI scanner. It can see through vessel walls and provide soft-tissue sensitivity, but its slow imaging speed limits practical applications. Our goal is high-resolution MRI endoscopy with real-time imaging speeds comparable to existing modalities. Methods. Intravascular (3 mm) transmit-receive MRI endoscopes were fabricated for highly undersampled radial-projection MRI in a clinical 3-tesla MRI scanner. Iterative nonlinear reconstruction was accelerated using graphics processor units connected via a single ethernet cable to achieve true real-time endoscopy visualization at the scanner. MRI endoscopy was performed at 6-10 frames/sec and 200-300 μm resolution in human arterial specimens and porcine vessels ex vivo and in vivo and compared with fully sampled 0.3 frames/sec and three-dimensional reference scans using mutual information (MI) and structural similarity (3-SSIM) indices. Results. High-speed MRI endoscopy at 6-10 frames/sec was consistent with fully sampled MRI endoscopy and histology, with feasibility demonstrated in vivo in a large animal model. A 20-30-fold speed-up vs. 0.3 frames/sec reference scans came at a cost of ~7% in MI and ~45% in 3-SSIM, with reduced motion sensitivity. Conclusion. High-resolution MRI endoscopy can now be performed at frame rates comparable to those of X-ray and optical endoscopy and could provide an alternative to existing modalities, with MRI's advantages of soft-tissue sensitivity and lack of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
- The Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Parag Karmarkar
- The Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dirk Voit
- Biomedizinishe NMR, Max-Plank-Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinishe NMR, Max-Plank-Institut fur Biophysikalische Chemie, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Clifford R. Weiss
- The Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dara L. Kraitchman
- The Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Bottomley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
- The Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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449
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Hsu JH, Chien IC, Lin CH. Increased risk of ischemic heart disease in patients with bipolar disorder: A population-based study. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:721-726. [PMID: 33223233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the national prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors among Taiwanese patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS We used a random sample of 766,427 subjects who were ≥18 years old from the National Health Research Institute database in 2005. Subjects with at least one primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder or ischemic heart disease were identified. We compared the prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease in bipolar patients and the general population in 2005 and the same cohort from 2006 to 2010. These associated factors with respect to ischemic heart disease among patients with bipolar disorder were also analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in patients with bipolar disorder was 1.69 times higher than in the general population (7.85% vs 4.67%; odds ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.41-2.03) in 2005. The average annual incidence of ischemic heart disease in patients with bipolar disorder was also 1.60 times higher than in the general population (2.02% vs 1.24; risk ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-1.90) from 2006 to 2010. The higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease among bipolar patients was associated with increased age, diabetes, hypertension, and antidepressant use. CONCLUSIONS Patients with bipolar disorder had a significantly higher prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease than the general population in both sexes, especially at younger ages. Among patients with bipolar disorder, older age, and hyperlipidemia were risk factors of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jer-Hwa Hsu
- Chia-Yi Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Chia Chien
- Bali Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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450
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Cheng L, Rong J, Zhuo X, Gao K, Meng Z, Wen X, Li S, Fan P, Hao X, Jian Z, Wu Y, Li B. Prognostic value of malnutrition using geriatric nutritional risk index in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4171-4179. [PMID: 33627243 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of chronic illnesses, however, the impact of malnutrition on long-term outcomes of patients at advanced stages of atherosclerosis, coronary chronic artery occlusion (CTO), is not known. AIMS This study aims to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CTO after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS Baseline malnutrition risk was determined in 669 patients with CTO after PCI in this study. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to 3 categories of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI): moderate to severe, GNRI of <92 (n = 70); low, GNRI of 92-98 (n = 197); and absence of risk, GNRI of ≥98 (n = 402). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS Average age in this study was 65.32 ± 9.97 years old. More than one-third of patients were at risk of malnutrition (moderate to severe: 10.5%; low: 29.4%; and absence of risk: 60.1%). Over a median follow-up of 33 months, compared to those with absent risk for malnutrition, moderate to severe risk was associated with significantly increased risk for the all-cause death, cardiovascular death and MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43 to 5.87, P for trend = 0.002; HR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.42 to 9.77, P for trend = 0.010; HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.03, P for trend = 0.040; respectively) after adjustment for baseline variables. Moreover, addition of the GNRI score significantly raised the predictive value for the all-cause death (0.383, p = 0.004 and 0.022, p = 0.011, NRI and IDI respectively), cardiovascular death (0.488, p < 0.001 and 0.013, p = 0.014, NRI and IDI respectively) and MACE (0.368, p = 0.004 and 0.014, p = 0.008, NRI and IDI respectively) as compared to traditional factors. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition assessed by the GNRI score on admission was an independent predictor for adverse cardiovascular events in CTO patients after PCI. Addition of the GNRI score to the existing risk prediction model significantly increased the predictive ability for cardiovascular events in CTO patients after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Rong
- Affiliated Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixuan Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Wen
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bolin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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