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Gan C, Cao X, Sun H, Ye S, Shi J, Shan A, Gao M, Wan C, Zhang K, Yuan Y. Multimodal neuroimaging fusion unravel structural-functional-neurotransmitter change in Parkinson's disease with impulse control disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106560. [PMID: 38852751 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulse control disorders (ICD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is highly multifactorial in etiology and has intricate neural mechanisms. Our multimodal neuroimaging study aimed to investigate the specific patterns of structure-function-neurotransmitter interactions underlying ICD. METHODS Thirty PD patients with ICD (PD-ICD), 30 without ICD (PD-NICD) and 32 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Gyrification and perivascular spaces (PVS) were computed to capture the alternations of cortical surface morphology and glymphatic function. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) were performed to identify the corresponding functional changes. Further, JuSpace toolbox were employed for cross-modal correlations to evaluate whether the spatial patterns of functional alterations in ICD patients were associated with specific neurotransmitter system. RESULTS Compared to PD-NICD, PD-ICD patients showed hypogyrification and enlarged PVS volume fraction in the left orbitofrontal gyrus (OFG), as well as decreased FC between interhemispheric OFG. The interhemispheric OFG connectivity reduction was associated with spatial distribution of μ-opioid pathway (r = -0.186, p = 0.029, false discovery rate corrected). ICD severity was positively associated with the PVS volume fraction of left OFG (r = 0.422, p = 0.032). Furthermore, gyrification index (LGI) and percent PVS (pPVS) in OFG and their combined indicator showed good performance in differentiating PD-ICD from PD-NICD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the co-altered structure-function-neurotransmitter interactions of OFG might be involved in the pathogenesis of ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiting Gan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xingyue Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shiyi Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Aidi Shan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Mengxi Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chenhui Wan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yongsheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Lukkarinen L, Tuisku J, Sun L, Helin S, Karlsson HK, Venetjoki N, Salomaa M, Rautio P, Hirvonen J, Lauerma H, Tiihonen J, Nummenmaa L. Aberrant type 2 dopamine receptor availability in violent offenders with psychopathy. Neuroimage 2024:120724. [PMID: 38971486 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychopathy is characterized by antisocial behavior, poor behavioral control and lacking empathy, and structural alterations in the corresponding neural circuits. Molecular brain basis of psychopathy remains poorly characterized. Here we studied type 2 dopamine receptor (D2R) and mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability in convicted violent offenders with high psychopathic traits (n=11) and healthy matched controls (n=17) using positron emission tomography (PET). D2R were measured with radioligand [11C]raclopride and MORs with radioligand [11C]carfentanil. Psychopathic subjects had lowered D2R availability in caudate and putamen, and striatal D2R availability was also associated with degree of psychopathic traits in this prisoner sample. No group differences were found in MOR availability, although in the prisoner sample, psychopathic traits were negatively correlated with MOR availability in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens. We conclude that D2R signaling could be the putative neuromolecular pathway for psychopathy, whereas evidence for alterations in the MOR system is more limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Lukkarinen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Psychiatric Hospital for Prisoners
| | | | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Finland.
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3
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Lv Q, Zhang M, Jiang H, Liu Y, Zhao S, Xu X, Zhang W, Chen T, Su H, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhang J, Feng Y, Li Y, Li B, Zhao M, Wang Z. Metabolic and functional substrates of impulsive decision-making in individuals with heroin addiction after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120421. [PMID: 37879424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated impulsivity has been frequently reported in individuals with opioid addiction receiving methadone maintenance therapy (MMT), but the underlying neural mechanisms and cognitive subprocesses are not fully understood. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 37 subjects with heroin addiction receiving long-term MMT and 33 healthy controls who performed a probabilistic reversal learning task, and measured their resting-state brain glucose using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET). Subjects receiving MMT exhibited significantly elevated self-reported impulsivity, and computational modeling revealed a marked impulsive decision bias manifested as switching more frequently without available evidence. Moreover, this impulsive decision bias was associated with the dose and duration of methadone use, irrelevant to the duration of heroin use. During the task, the switch-related hypoactivation in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus was correlated with the impulsive decision bias while the function of reward sensitivity was intact in subjects receiving MMT. Using prior brain-wide receptor density data, we found that the highest variance of regional metabolic abnormalities was explained by the spatial distribution of μ-opioid receptors among 10 types of neurotransmitter receptors. Heightened impulsivity in individuals receiving prolonged MMT is manifested as atypical choice bias and noise in decision-making processes, which is further driven by deficits in top-down cognitive control, other than reward sensitivity. Our findings uncover multifaceted mechanisms underlying elevated impulsivity in subjects receiving MMT, which might provide insights for developing complementary therapies to improve retention during MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shaoling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianzhen Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Su
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heqiu Wang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Zhejiang Office of Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjing Feng
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Love T, Shabalin AA, Kember RL, Docherty AR, Zhou H, Koppelmans V, Gelernter J, Baker AK, Hartwell E, Dubroff J, Zubieta JK, Kranzler HR. Unique and joint associations of polygenic risk for major depression and opioid use disorder with endogenous opioid system function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1784-1790. [PMID: 35545664 PMCID: PMC9372136 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01325-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) are common, potentially fatal, polygenic disorders that are moderately heritable and often co-occur. We examined the unique and shared associations of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for these disorders with µ-opioid receptor (MOR) concentration and endogenous opioid response during a stressful stimulus. Participants were 144 healthy European-ancestry (EA) subjects (88 females) who underwent MOR quantification scans with [11C]carfentanil and PET and provided DNA for genotyping. MOR non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) was measured in 5 regions of interest (ROIs) related to mood and addiction. We examined associations of PRS both at baseline and following opioid release calculated as the ratio of baseline and stress-challenge scans, first in the entire sample and then separately by sex. MOR availability at baseline was positively associated with MDD PRS in the amygdala and ventral pallidum. MDD and OUD PRS were significantly associated with stress-induced opioid system activation in multiple ROIs, accounting for up to 14.5% and 5.4%, respectively, of the variance in regional activation. The associations were most robust among females, where combined they accounted for up to 25.0% of the variance among the ROIs. We conclude that there is a pathophysiologic link between polygenic risk for MDD and OUD and opioid system activity, as evidenced by PRS with unique and overlapping regional associations with this neurotransmitter system. This link could help to explain the high rate of comorbidity of MDD and OUD and suggests that opioid-modulating interventions could be useful in treating MDD and OUD, both individually and jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Love
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric & Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23291, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Anne K Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah & Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Emily Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacob Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY, 11777, USA.
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Ballester J, Baker AK, Martikainen IK, Koppelmans V, Zubieta JK, Love TM. Risk for opioid misuse in chronic pain patients is associated with endogenous opioid system dysregulation. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:20. [PMID: 35022382 PMCID: PMC8755811 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
µ-Opioid receptors (MOR) are a major target of endogenous and exogenous opioids, including opioid pain medications. The µ-opioid neurotransmitter system is heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic pain and opioid use disorder and, as such, central measures of µ-opioid system functioning are increasingly being considered as putative biomarkers for risk to misuse opioids. To explore the relationship between MOR system function and risk for opioid misuse, 28 subjects with chronic nonspecific back pain completed a clinically validated measure of opioid misuse risk, the Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ), and were subsequently separated into high (PMQ > 21) and low (PMQ ≤ 21) opioid misuse risk groups. Chronic pain patients along with 15 control participants underwent two separate [11C]-carfentanil positron emission tomography scans to explore MOR functional measures: one at baseline and one during a sustained pain-stress challenge, with the difference between the two providing an indirect measure of stress-induced endogenous opioid release. We found that chronic pain participants at high risk for opioid misuse displayed higher baseline MOR availability within the right amygdala relative to those at low risk. By contrast, patients at low risk for opioid misuse showed less pain-induced activation of MOR-mediated, endogenous opioid neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. This study links human in vivo MOR system functional measures to the development of addictive disorders and provides novel evidence that MORs and µ-opioid system responsivity may underlie risk to misuse opioids among chronic pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ballester
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA ,grid.280807.50000 0000 9555 3716Mental Health Addiction Services, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Anne K. Baker
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ilkka K. Martikainen
- grid.412330.70000 0004 0628 2985Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vincent Koppelmans
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- grid.429302.e0000 0004 0427 6012Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, John T. Mather Memorial Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY USA
| | - Tiffany M. Love
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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6
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Giacomini JL, Geiduschek E, Selleck RA, Sadeghian K, Baldo BA. Dissociable control of μ-opioid-driven hyperphagia vs. food impulsivity across subregions of medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and insular cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1981-1989. [PMID: 34226656 PMCID: PMC8429588 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study explored potentially dissociable functions of mu-opioid receptor (µ-OR) signaling across different cortical territories in the control of anticipatory activity directed toward palatable food, consumption, and impulsive food-seeking behavior in male rats. The µ-OR agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin), was infused into infralimbic cortex (ILC), prelimbic cortex (PrL), medial and lateral ventral orbitofrontal cortices (VMO, VLO), and agranular/dysgranular insular (AI/DI) cortex of rats. Intra-ILC DAMGO markedly enhanced contact with a see-through screen behind which sucrose pellets were sequestered; in addition, rats having received intra-ILC and intra-VMO DAMGO exhibited locomotor hyperactivity while the screen was in place. Upon screen removal, intra-ILC and -VMO-treated rats emitted numerous, brief sucrose-intake bouts (yielding increased overall intake) interspersed with significant hyperactivity. In contrast, intra-AI/DI-treated rats consumed large amounts of sucrose in long, uninterrupted bouts with no anticipatory hyperactivity pre-screen removal. Intra-PrL and intra-VLO DAMGO altered neither pre-screen behavior nor sucrose intake. Finally, all rats were tested in a sucrose-reinforced differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) task, which assesses the ability to advantageously withhold premature responses. DAMGO affected (impaired) DRL performance when infused into ILC only. These site-based dissociations reveal differential control of µ-OR-modulated appetitive/approach vs. consummatory behaviors by ventromedial/orbitofrontal and insular networks, respectively, and suggest a unique role of ILC µ-ORs in modulating inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L. Giacomini
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Emma Geiduschek
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ryan A. Selleck
- grid.252000.50000 0001 0728 549XDepartment of Psychological Science, Albion College, Albion, MI USA
| | - Ken Sadeghian
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Brian A. Baldo
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
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7
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Gerra ML, Gerra MC, Tadonio L, Pellegrini P, Marchesi C, Mattfeld E, Gerra G, Ossola P. Early parent-child interactions and substance use disorder: An attachment perspective on a biopsychosocial entanglement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:560-580. [PMID: 34606823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to elucidate environmental and genetic factors, as well as their epigenetic and neuroendocrine moderators, that may underlie the association between early childhood experiences and Substance Use Disorders (SUD), through the lens of parental attachment. Here we review those attachment-related studies that examined the monoaminergic systems, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal stress response system, the oxytoninergic system, and the endogenous opioid system from a genetic, epigenetic, and neuroendocrine perspective. Overall, the selected studies point to a moderating effect of insecure attachment between genetic vulnerability and SUD, reasonably through epigenetic modifications. Preliminary evidence suggests that vulnerability to SUDs is related with hypo-methylation (e.g. hyper-expression) of high-risk polymorphisms on the monoaminergic and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal system and hyper-methylation (e.g. hypo-expressions) of protective polymorphisms on the opioid and oxytocin system. These epigenetic modifications may induce a cascade of neuroendocrine changes contributing to the subclinical and behavioural manifestations that precede the clinical onset of SUD. Protective and supportive parenting could hence represent a key therapeutic target to prevent addiction and moderate insecure attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Carla Gerra
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Carlo Marchesi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Elizabeth Mattfeld
- Drug Prevention and Health Branch, Prevention Treatment and Rehabilitation Section, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gilberto Gerra
- Department of Mental Health, AUSL of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ossola
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Kantonen T, Karjalainen T, Pekkarinen L, Isojärvi J, Kalliokoski K, Kaasinen V, Hirvonen J, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Cerebral μ-opioid and CB 1 receptor systems have distinct roles in human feeding behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:442. [PMID: 34453034 PMCID: PMC8397789 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior varies greatly between individuals, but the neurobiological basis of these trait-like differences in feeding remains poorly understood. Central μ-opioid receptors (MOR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) regulate energy balance via multiple neural pathways, promoting food intake and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders have been associated with alterations in the brain's opioid and endocannabinoid signaling, the variation in MOR and CB1R system function could potentially underlie distinct eating behavior phenotypes. In this retrospective positron emission tomography (PET) study, we analyzed [11C]carfentanil PET scans of MORs from 92 healthy subjects (70 males and 22 females), and [18F]FMPEP-d2 scans of CB1Rs from 35 subjects (all males, all also included in the [11C]carfentanil sample). Eating styles were measured with the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). We found that lower cerebral MOR availability was associated with increased external eating-individuals with low MORs reported being more likely to eat in response to environment's palatable food cues. CB1R availability was associated with multiple eating behavior traits. We conclude that although MORs and CB1Rs overlap anatomically in brain regions regulating food reward, they have distinct roles in mediating individual feeding patterns. Central MOR system might provide a pharmacological target for reducing individual's excessive cue-reactive eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kantonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomi Karjalainen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pekkarinen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Isojärvi
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Kalliokoski
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XNeurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Hirvonen
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XDepartment of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- grid.470895.70000 0004 0391 4481Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Gillman MA. Opioid Properties of Nitrous Oxide and Ketamine Contribute to Their Antidepressant Actions. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:892-893. [PMID: 34197618 PMCID: PMC8598297 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gillman
- SA Brain Research Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa,Correspondence: Mark A. Gillman, BDS DSc, 6 Campbell St, Waverley 2090, Johannesburg, South Africa ()
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10
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Herlinger K, Lingford-Hughes A. Addressing unmet needs in opiate dependence: supporting detoxification and advances in relapse prevention. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1192/bja.2020.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Despite record-breaking numbers of opiate related deaths in the UK in 2019, pharmacological management of opiate dependence has evolved little since the advent of methadone in 1965. Along with harm minimisation and psychosocial interventions, the mainstay of pharmacological treatment remains opioid substitution therapy (OST) using methadone or buprenorphine, with many patients receiving OST for many years. Even with these treatments, opiate users continue to face mortality risks 12 times higher than the general population, and emerging evidence suggests that individuals who remain on long-term OST present with a range of physical and cognitive impairments. Therefore, with a growing ageing opiate dependent population who would benefit from detoxification from OST, this article provides an overview of the current state of opiate dependence in clinical practice, explores the reasons why availability and acceptability of detoxification pathways are declining, and discusses emerging pharmacological therapies that could provide benefit in relapse prevention.
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The role of the opioid system in decision making and cognitive control: A review. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:435-458. [PMID: 30963411 PMCID: PMC6599188 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The opioid system regulates affective processing, including pain, pleasure, and reward. Restricting the role of this system to hedonic modulation may be an underestimation, however. Opioid receptors are distributed widely in the human brain, including the more “cognitive” regions in the frontal and parietal lobes. Nonhuman animal research points to opioid modulation of cognitive and decision-making processes. We review emerging evidence on whether acute opioid drug modulation in healthy humans can influence cognitive function, such as how we choose between actions of different values and how we control our behavior in the face of distracting information. Specifically, we review studies employing opioid agonists or antagonists together with experimental paradigms of reward-based decision making, impulsivity, executive functioning, attention, inhibition, and effort. Although this field is still in its infancy, the emerging picture suggests that the mu-opioid system can influence higher-level cognitive function via modulation of valuation, motivation, and control circuits dense in mu-opioid receptors, including orbitofrontal cortex, basal ganglia, amygdalae, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. The framework that we put forward proposes that opioids influence decision making and cognitive control by increasing the subjective value of reward and reducing aversive arousal. We highlight potential mechanisms that might underlie the effects of mu-opioid signaling on decision making and cognitive control and provide directions for future research.
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12
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Cimino S, Carola V, Cerniglia L, Bussone S, Bevilacqua A, Tambelli R. The μ-opioid receptor gene A118G polymorphism is associated with insecure attachment in children with disruptive mood regulation disorder and their mothers. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01659. [PMID: 32424914 PMCID: PMC7375094 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ-opioid receptor gene, with high expression of the A allele and low expression of the G allele, has been associated with emotional/behavioral dysregulation and depressive disorders and is recognized as a mediator of affiliative behavior. No study has thus far investigated this SNP in school-age children with disruptive mood regulation disorder (DMDD). This study compared a sample of healthy children and their mothers with a sample of children with DMDD and their mothers, evaluating whether insecure attachment and psychopathological symptoms are associated with A allele- or G allele-carrying mothers and children and whether caregiving capacities are associated with A allele- or G allele-carrying mothers. METHODS For evaluation of their psychopathological symptoms and attachment styles, mothers filled out the CBCL/6-18, the SCL-90-R, and the ECR. To evaluate the types of relationship children were experiencing with their mothers, children filled out the ECR-revised child version and the PBI. Genotypic analyses were conducted on DNA samples obtained by buccal swabbing from children and mothers. RESULTS An insecure attachment style was more frequent in mothers and children carrying the G allele (G/G + A/G genotypes). In the clinical sample, G allele-carrying children scored higher than homozygous A/A ones on the subscales of Withdrawal and Conduct Problems. G-carrying mothers showed higher interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation and provided less care than A/A mothers. CONCLUSIONS This study offers new insights into the associations between the A118G SNP of the μ-opioid receptor gene and emotional/behavioral functioning, attachment style in children, and psychopathology and caregiving ability in mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical, Sapienza-University or Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical, Sapienza-University or Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology Psychology, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bussone
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical, Sapienza-University or Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical, Sapienza-University or Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical, Sapienza-University or Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Opioid system modulation of cognitive affective bias: implications for the treatment of mood disorders. Behav Pharmacol 2020; 31:122-135. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Rocchi G, Sterlini B, Tardito S, Inglese M, Corradi A, Filaci G, Amore M, Magioncalda P, Martino M. Opioidergic System and Functional Architecture of Intrinsic Brain Activity: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders. Neuroscientist 2020; 26:343-358. [PMID: 32133917 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420902360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The opioidergic system and intrinsic brain activity, as organized in large-scale networks such as the salience network (SN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and default-mode network (DMN), play core roles in healthy behavior and psychiatric disorders. This work aimed to investigate how opioidergic signaling affects intrinsic brain activity in healthy individuals by reviewing relevant neuroanatomical, molecular, functional, and pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging studies in order to clarify their physiological links and changes in psychiatric disorders. The SN shows dense opioidergic innervations of subcortical structures and high expression levels of opioid receptors in subcortical-cortical areas, with enhanced or reduced activity with low or very high doses of opioids, respectively. The SMN shows high levels of opioid receptors in subcortical areas and functional disconnection caused by opioids. The DMN shows low levels of opioid receptors in cortical areas and inhibited or enhanced activity with low or high doses of opioids, respectively. Finally, we proposed a working model. Opioidergic signaling enhances SN and suppresses SMN (and DMN) activity, resulting in affective excitation with psychomotor inhibition; stronger increases in opioidergic signaling attenuate the SN and SMN while disinhibiting the DMN, dissociating affective and psychomotor functions from the internal states; the opposite occurs with a deficit of opioidergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rocchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bruno Sterlini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Neurology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Corradi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Magioncalda
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matteo Martino
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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15
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Intranasal naloxone rapidly occupies brain mu-opioid receptors in human subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1667-1673. [PMID: 30867551 PMCID: PMC6785104 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nasal spray formulations of naloxone, a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, are currently used for the treatment of opioid overdose. They may have additional therapeutic utility also in the absence of opioid agonist drugs, but the onset and duration of action at brain MORs have been inadequately characterized to allow such projections. This study provides initial characterization of brain MOR availability at high temporal resolution following intranasal (IN) naloxone administration to healthy volunteers in the absence of a competing opioid agonist. Fourteen participants were scanned twice using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]carfentanil, a selective MOR agonist radioligand. Concentrations of naloxone in plasma and MOR availability (relative to placebo) were monitored from 0 to 60 min and at 300-360 min post naloxone. Naloxone plasma concentrations peaked at ~20 min post naloxone, associated with slightly delayed development of brain MOR occupancy (half of peak occupancy reached at ~10 min). Estimated peak occupancies were 67 and 85% following 2 and 4 mg IN doses, respectively. The estimated half-life of occupancy disappearance was ~100 min. The rapid onset of brain MOR occupancy by IN naloxone, evidenced by the rapid onset of its action in opioid overdose victims, was directly documented in humans for the first time. The employed high temporal-resolution PET method establishes a model that can be used to predict brain MOR occupancy from plasma naloxone concentrations. IN naloxone may have therapeutic utility in various addictions where brain opioid receptors are implicated, such as gambling disorder and alcohol use disorder.
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16
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Nestor LJ, Paterson LM, Murphy A, McGonigle J, Orban C, Reed L, Taylor E, Flechais R, Smith D, Bullmore ET, Ersche KD, Suckling J, Elliott R, Deakin B, Rabiner I, Lingford Hughes A, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW, Nutt DJ. Naltrexone differentially modulates the neural correlates of motor impulse control in abstinent alcohol-dependent and polysubstance-dependent individuals. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2311-2321. [PMID: 30402987 PMCID: PMC6767584 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Identifying key neural substrates in addiction disorders for targeted drug development remains a major challenge for clinical neuroscience. One emerging target is the opioid system, where substance-dependent populations demonstrate prefrontal opioid dysregulation that predicts impulsivity and relapse. This may suggest that disturbances to the prefrontal opioid system could confer a risk for relapse in addiction due to weakened 'top-down' control over impulsive behaviour. Naltrexone is currently licensed for alcohol dependence and is also used clinically for impulse control disorders. Using a go/no-go (GNG) task, we examined the effects of acute naltrexone on the neural correlates of successful motor impulse control in abstinent alcoholics (AUD), abstinent polysubstance-dependent (poly-SUD) individuals and controls during a randomised double blind placebo controlled fMRI study. In the absence of any differences on GNG task performance, the AUD group showed a significantly greater BOLD response compared to the control group in lateral and medial prefrontal regions during both placebo and naltrexone treatments; effects that were positively correlated with alcohol abstinence. There was also a dissociation in the positive modulating effects of naltrexone in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and anterior insula cortex (AIC) of the AUD and poly-SUD groups respectively. Self-reported trait impulsivity in the poly-SUD group also predicted the effect of naltrexone in the AIC. These results suggest that acute naltrexone differentially amplifies neural responses within two distinct regions of a salience network during successful motor impulse control in abstinent AUD and poly-SUD groups, which are predicted by trait impulsivity in the poly-SUD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J. Nestor
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Louise M. Paterson
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna Murphy
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - John McGonigle
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Csaba Orban
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Laurence Reed
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Eleanor Taylor
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Remy Flechais
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dana Smith
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Karen D. Ersche
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John Suckling
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ilan Rabiner
- ImanovaCentre for Imaging SciencesInvicroLondonUK
| | - Anne Lingford Hughes
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Barbara J. Sahakian
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David J. Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology UnitCentre for PsychiatryImperial College LondonLondonUK
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17
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Vermeulen K, Vandamme M, Bormans G, Cleeren F. Design and Challenges of Radiopharmaceuticals. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:339-356. [PMID: 31470930 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review describes general concepts with regard to radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic applications that help to understand the specific challenges encountered during the design, (radio)synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation and clinical translation of novel radiopharmaceuticals. The design of a radiopharmaceutical requires upfront decisions with regard to combining a suitable vector molecule with an appropriate radionuclide, considering the type and location of the molecular target, the desired application, and the time constraints imposed by the relatively short half-life of radionuclides. Well-designed in vitro and in vivo experiments allow nonclinical validation of radiotracers. Ultimately, in combination with a limited toxicology package, the radiotracer becomes a radiopharmaceutical for clinical evaluation, produced in compliance with regulatory requirements for medicines for intravenous (IV) injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Cleeren
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Park CI, Hwang SS, Kim HW, Kang JI, Lee SH, Kim SJ. Association of opioid receptor gene polymorphisms with drinking severity and impulsivity related to alcohol use disorder in a Korean population. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:30-38. [PMID: 31004399 PMCID: PMC6930822 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent evidence suggests that the opioid system is implicated in the pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD). We aimed to examine the genetic influence of opioid receptors on susceptibility to AUD and its clinical and psychological characteristics including harmful drinking behavior and various aspects of impulsivity in AUD patients. Methods Three μ‐opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) variants and two κ‐opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) variants were examined in 314 male patients with AUD and 324 male controls. We applied the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), and Alcohol Dependence Scale. AUD patients also completed the stop‐signal task, delay discounting task, balloon analogue risk task, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11 (BIS‐11). Results No significant differences in genotype distributions or haplotype frequencies were found between AUD patients and controls. However, OPRK1 SNP rs6473797 was significantly related to the severity of alcohol‐related symptoms as measured by AUDIT and OCDS and a haplotype containing rs6473797 was also related to OCDS scores in AUD patients. For other psychological traits, OPRM1 SNP rs495491 was significantly associated with scores on the motor subfactor of the BIS‐11. Conclusion Genetic variations in opioid receptors may contribute to symptom severity and impulsivity in AUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Il Park
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Syung Shick Hwang
- Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Education, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kang
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joo Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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TouchScreen-based phenotyping: altered stimulus/reward association and lower perseveration to gain a reward in mu opioid receptor knockout mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4044. [PMID: 30858487 PMCID: PMC6411729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of Mu Opioid Receptors (MORs) to hedonic aspects of reward processing is well-established, the notion that these receptors may also regulate motivation to gain a reward, and possibly other related cognitive dimensions, has been less investigated. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical site for these processes. Our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study found alterations of functional connectivity (FC) in reward/aversion networks in MOR knockout mice. Here we pursued voxelwise seed-based FC analyses using the same dataset with a focus on the PFC. We observed significant reduction of PFC FC in mutant mice, predominantly with the nucleus accumbens, supporting the notion of altered reward-driven top-down controls. We tested motivation for palatable food in a classical operant self-administration paradigm, and found delayed performance for mutant mice. We then evaluated motivational and cognitive abilities of MOR knockout mice in TouchScreen-based behavioral tests. Learning was delayed and stimulus/reward association was impaired, suggesting lower hedonic reward value and reduced motivation. Perseverative responses were decreased, while discriminatory behavior and attention were unchanged, indicative of increased inhibitory controls with otherwise intact cognitive performance. Together, our data suggest that MORs contribute to enhance reward-seeking and facilitate perseverative behaviors. The possibility that MOR blockade could reduce maladaptive compulsivity deserves further investigation in addiction and self-control disorder research.
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20
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Torres-Berrio A, Nava-Mesa MO. The opioid system in stress-induced memory disorders: From basic mechanisms to clinical implications in post-traumatic stress disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:327-338. [PMID: 30118823 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and emotional impairment are a serious consequence of stress exposure and are core features of neurological and psychiatric conditions that involve memory disorders. Indeed, acute and chronic stress are high-risk factors for the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), two devastating brain disorders associated with memory dysfunction. Besides the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress response also involves the activation of the opioid system in brain regions associated with stress regulation and memory processing. In this context, it is possible that stress-induced memory disorders may be attributed to alterations in the interaction between the neuroendocrine stress system and the opioid system. In this review, we: (1) describe the effects of acute and chronic stress on memory, and the modulatory role of the opioid system, (2) discuss the contribution of the opioid system to the pathophysiology of PTSD and AD, and (3) present evidence of current and potential therapies that target the opioid receptors to treat PTSD- and AD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), School of Medicine, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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21
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Burns JA, Kroll DS, Feldman DE, Kure Liu C, Manza P, Wiers CE, Volkow ND, Wang GJ. Molecular Imaging of Opioid and Dopamine Systems: Insights Into the Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:626. [PMID: 31620026 PMCID: PMC6759955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use in the United States has steadily risen since the 1990s, along with staggering increases in addiction and overdose fatalities. With this surge in prescription and illicit opioid abuse, it is paramount to understand the genetic risk factors and neuropsychological effects of opioid use disorder (OUD). Polymorphisms disrupting the opioid and dopamine systems have been associated with increased risk for developing substance use disorders. Molecular imaging studies have revealed how these polymorphisms impact the brain and contribute to cognitive and behavioral differences across individuals. Here, we review the current molecular imaging literature to assess how genetic variations in the opioid and dopamine systems affect function in the brain's reward, cognition, and stress pathways, potentially resulting in vulnerabilities to OUD. Continued research of the functional consequences of genetic variants and corresponding alterations in neural mechanisms will inform prevention and treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Burns
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle S Kroll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dana E Feldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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D'Souza MS. Brain and Cognition for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Recovery Neural Substrates for Treatment of Psychostimulant-Induced Cognitive Deficits. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:509. [PMID: 31396113 PMCID: PMC6667748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction to psychostimulants like cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine poses a continuing medical and social challenge both in the United States and all over the world. Despite a desire to quit drug use, return to drug use after a period of abstinence is a common problem among individuals dependent on psychostimulants. Recovery for psychostimulant drug-dependent individuals is particularly challenging because psychostimulant drugs induce significant changes in brain regions associated with cognitive functions leading to cognitive deficits. These cognitive deficits include impairments in learning/memory, poor decision making, and impaired control of behavioral output. Importantly, these drug-induced cognitive deficits often impact adherence to addiction treatment programs and predispose abstinent addicts to drug use relapse. Additionally, these cognitive deficits impact effective social and professional rehabilitation of abstinent addicts. The goal of this paper is to review neural substrates based on animal studies that could be pharmacologically targeted to reverse psychostimulant-induced cognitive deficits such as impulsivity and impairment in learning and memory. Further, the review will discuss neural substrates that could be used to facilitate extinction learning and thus reduce emotional and behavioral responses to drug-associated cues. Moreover, the review will discuss some non-pharmacological approaches that could be used either alone or in combination with pharmacological compounds to treat the above-mentioned cognitive deficits. Psychostimulant addiction treatment, which includes treatment for cognitive deficits, will help promote abstinence and allow for better rehabilitation and integration of abstinent individuals into society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan S D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The Raabe College of Pharmacy, Ohio Northern University, Ada, OH, United States
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23
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Karjalainen T, Seppälä K, Glerean E, Karlsson HK, Lahnakoski JM, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Opioidergic Regulation of Emotional Arousal: A Combined PET–fMRI Study. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:4006-4016. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Emotions can be characterized by dimensions of arousal and valence (pleasantness). While the functional brain bases of emotional arousal and valence have been actively investigated, the neuromolecular underpinnings remain poorly understood. We tested whether the opioid and dopamine systems involved in reward and motivational processes would be associated with emotional arousal and valence. We used in vivo positron emission tomography to quantify μ-opioid receptor and type 2 dopamine receptor (MOR and D2R, respectively) availability in brains of 35 healthy adult females. During subsequent functional magnetic resonance imaging carried out to monitor hemodynamic activity, the subjects viewed movie scenes of varying emotional content. Arousal and valence were associated with hemodynamic activity in brain regions involved in emotional processing, including amygdala, thalamus, and superior temporal sulcus. Cerebral MOR availability correlated negatively with the hemodynamic responses to arousing scenes in amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus, whereas no positive correlations were observed in any brain region. D2R availability—here reliably quantified only in striatum—was not associated with either arousal or valence. These results suggest that emotional arousal is regulated by the MOR system, and that cerebral MOR availability influences brain activity elicited by arousing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrico Glerean
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Juha M Lahnakoski
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Art, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Brain and Mind Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (NBE), Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Wolff N, Reimelt C, Ehrlich S, Hölling H, Mogwitz S, Roessner V. On the positive association between candy and fruit gum consumption and hyperactivity in children and adolescents with ADHD. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2018; 47:228-238. [PMID: 30132726 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was the analysis of the association between consumption of candy and fruit gums, diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and behavioural problems. Methods: In total, 1,187 children and adolescents of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) were analyzed. Results: It was observed that children and adolescents with ADHD as compared to healthy controls (HC) reported to consume more frequently and higher amounts of candy and fruit gums and that hyperactivity was associated with frequent candy and fruit gum consumption. Conclusions: Because with the present design no conclusions on causality or directionality of the found associations could be drawn, results are discussed quite broadly in the light of several previously published interpretations, also to serve as a generator for further research. One more innovative speculation is that children and adolescents with ADHD may consume more frequently candy and fruit gums in order i) to compensate for their higher needs of energy resulting from hyperactive behaviour and/or ii) to compensate for the ADHD-typical deficits in the "reward cascade".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wolff
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,a These authors contributed equally
| | - Charlotte Reimelt
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,a These authors contributed equally
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- 2 Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Mogwitz
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Selleck RA, Giacomini J, Buchholtz BD, Lake C, Sadeghian K, Baldo BA. Modulation of appetitive motivation by prefrontal cortical mu-opioid receptors is dependent upon local dopamine D1 receptor signaling. Neuropharmacology 2018; 140:302-309. [PMID: 30086291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Opioid neurotransmission has been implicated in psychiatric disorders featuring impaired control over appetitive motivation, such as addiction and binge-eating disorder. We have previously shown that infusions of the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) agonist DAMGO into the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induced hyperphagia, increased motor activity, and augmented sucrose-reinforced responding in the task progressive ratio (PR) task, which assesses the motivational value of an incentive. These effects were not reproduced by intra-PFC infusion of a variety of dopamine (DA) agonists and antagonists, suggesting that manipulation of intra-PFC DA systems alone is not sufficient to reproduce μOR-like effects. Nevertheless, this does not rule out interactions between PFC DA and μ-opioid systems. Here we used intra-vmPFC drug cocktails containing DAMGO and SCH 23390 (a DA D1 receptor antagonist) to determine whether increases in appetitive motivation and motor activity elicited by intra-vmPFC μOR stimulation require intact signaling through vmPFC D1 receptors. Blockade of D1 receptors with SCH 23390 attenuated the enhancement of PR breakpoint, and increases in exploratory-like behavior and feeding initiation elicited by intra-vmPFC μOR stimulation. These results establish that intra-vmPFC D1 signaling is required for the expression of behavioral effects evoked by μOR stimulation within the PFC, and further suggest that D1 tone plays an enabling or permissive role in the expression of μOR -elicited effects. Simultaneous targeting of both μ-opioid and D1 systems may represent a more efficacious treatment strategy (compared to μOR blockade alone) for psychiatric disorders characterized by dysregulated appetitive motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Selleck
- Dept. Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin, Univ.of Medicine & Science, USA
| | - Juliana Giacomini
- Physiology Graduate Training Program, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine &Public Health, USA
| | | | - Curtis Lake
- College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Ken Sadeghian
- Dept. Psychiatry, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health, USA
| | - Brian A Baldo
- Dept. Psychiatry, Univ. Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine & Public Health, USA.
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Nummenmaa L, Tuominen L. Opioid system and human emotions. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2737-2749. [PMID: 28394427 PMCID: PMC6016642 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are states of vigilant readiness that guide human and animal behaviour during survival-salient situations. Categorical models of emotions posit neurally and physiologically distinct basic human emotions (anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise) that govern different survival functions. Opioid receptors are expressed abundantly in the mammalian emotion circuit, and the opioid system modulates a variety of functions related to arousal and motivation. Yet, its specific contribution to different basic emotions has remained poorly understood. Here, we review how the endogenous opioid system and particularly the μ receptor contribute to emotional processing in humans. Activation of the endogenous opioid system is consistently associated with both pleasant and unpleasant emotions. In general, exogenous opioid agonists facilitate approach-oriented emotions (anger, pleasure) and inhibit avoidance-oriented emotions (fear, sadness). Opioids also modulate social bonding and affiliative behaviour, and prolonged opioid abuse may render both social bonding and emotion recognition circuits dysfunctional. However, there is no clear evidence that the opioid system is able to affect the emotions associated with surprise and disgust. Taken together, the opioid systems contribute to a wide array of positive and negative emotions through their general ability to modulate the approach versus avoidance motivation associated with specific emotions. Because of the protective effects of opioid system-mediated prosociality and positive mood, the opioid system may constitute an important factor contributing to psychological and psychosomatic resilience. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre and Department of PsychologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Callaghan CK, Rouine J, O'Mara SM. Potential roles for opioid receptors in motivation and major depressive disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:89-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Baldo BA. Prefrontal Cortical Opioids and Dysregulated Motivation: A Network Hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 2017; 39:366-377. [PMID: 27233653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of inhibitory control over appetitively motivated behavior occurs in multiple psychiatric disorders, including drug abuse, behavioral addictions, and eating disorders with binge features. In this opinion article, novel actions of μ-opioid peptides in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that could contribute to inhibitory control deficits will be discussed. Evidence has accrued to suggest that excessive intra-PFC μ-opioid receptor (μ-OR) signaling alters the PFC response to excitatory drive, resulting in supernormal and incoherent recruitment of multiple PFC output pathways. Affected pathways include functionally opposed PFC→hypothalamus 'appetitive driver' and PFC→striatum 'appetitive limiter' projections. This network perturbation engenders disorganized, impulsive appetitive responses. Evidence supporting this hypothesis from human imaging and animal studies will be discussed, and combinatorial drug treatments targeting μ-ORs and specific PFC subcortical targets will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Baldo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
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Mancino S, Mendonça-Netto S, Martín-García E, Maldonado R. Role of DOR in neuronal plasticity changes promoted by food-seeking behaviour. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1179-1190. [PMID: 27101941 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support that food overconsumption may be related to the role of the endogenous opioid system in the control of food palatability. The opioid system, and particularly the delta opioid receptor (DOR), plays a crucial role in the regulation of food rewarding properties. In our study, we used operant conditioning maintained by chocolate-flavoured pellets to investigate the role of DOR in the motivation for palatable food and the structural plasticity changes promoted by this behaviour. For this purpose, we evaluated the specific role of this receptor in the behavioural and neuroplastic changes induced by palatable food in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HCP) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in constitutive knockout (KO) mice deficient in DOR. Mutant mice and their wild-type littermates were trained to obtain chocolate-flavoured pellets on fixed ratio 1 (FR1), FR5 and progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. No significant differences between genotypes were revealed on operant behaviour acquisition in FR1. DOR knockout mice displayed lower number of active lever-presses than wild-type mice on FR5, and a similar decrease was revealed in DOR KO mice in the breaking point during the PR. This operant training to obtain palatable food increased dendritic spine density in the PFC, HCP and NAc shell of wild-type, but these plasticity changes were abolished in DOR KO mice. Our results support the hypothesis that DOR regulates the reinforcing effects and motivation for palatable food through neuroplastic changes in specific brain reward areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Mancino
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, PRBB; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
| | - Sueli Mendonça-Netto
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, PRBB; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, PRBB; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, PRBB; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
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Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A. Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:221. [PMID: 28619017 PMCID: PMC5472954 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to several studies, the onset of the Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) depends on the combination between genetic and environmental factors (GxE), in particular between biological vulnerabilities and the exposure to traumatic experiences during childhood. We have searched for studies reporting possible alterations in several biological processes and brain morphological features in relation to childhood trauma experiences and to BPD. We have also looked for epigenetic mechanisms as they could be mediators of the effects of childhood trauma in BPD vulnerability. DISCUSSION We prove the role of alterations in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, in neurotrasmission, in the endogenous opioid system and in neuroplasticity in the childhood trauma-associated vulnerability to develop BPD; we also confirm the presence of morphological changes in several BPD brain areas and in particular in those involved in stress response. Not so many studies are available on epigenetic changes in BPD patients, although these mechanisms are widely investigated in relation to stress-related disorders. A better comprehension of the biological and epigenetic mechanisms, affected by childhood trauma and altered in BPD patients, could allow to identify "at high risk" subjects and to prevent or minimize the development of the disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- grid.419422.8Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- grid.419422.8Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- grid.419422.8Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio - Fatebenefratelli, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy. .,Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK. .,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Feeding-modulatory effects of mu-opioids in the medial prefrontal cortex: a review of recent findings and comparison to opioid actions in the nucleus accumbens. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1439-1449. [PMID: 28054099 PMCID: PMC5420483 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Whereas reward-modulatory opioid actions have been intensively studied in subcortical sites such as the nucleus accumbens (Acb), the role of cortical opioid transmission has received comparatively little attention. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to describe recent findings on the motivational actions of opioids in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), emphasizing studies of food motivation and ingestion. PFC-based opioid effects will be compared/contrasted to those elicited from the Acb, to glean possible common functional principles. Finally, the motivational effects of opioids will be placed within a network context involving the PFC, Acb, and hypothalamus. RESULTS Mu-opioid receptor (μ-OR) stimulation in both the Acb and PFC induces eating and enhances food-seeking instrumental behaviors; μ-OR signaling also enhances taste reactivity within a highly circumscribed zone of medial Acb shell. In both the Acb and PFC, opioid-sensitive zones are aligned topographically with the sectors that project to feeding-modulatory zones of the hypothalamus and intact glutamate transmission in the lateral/perifornical (LH-PeF) hypothalamic areas is required for both Acb- and PFC-driven feeding. Conversely, opioid-mediated feeding responses elicited from the PFC are negatively modulated by AMPA signaling in the Acb shell. CONCLUSIONS Opioid signaling in the PFC engages functionally opposed PFC➔hypothalamus and PFC➔Acb circuits, which, respectively, drive and limit non-homeostatic feeding, producing a disorganized and "fragmented" pattern of impulsive food-seeking behaviors and hyperactivity. In addition, opioids act directly in the Acb to facilitate food motivation and taste hedonics. Further study of this cortico-striato-hypothalamic circuit, and incorporation of additional opioid-responsive telencephalic structures, could yield insights with translational relevance for eating disorders and obesity.
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Wang H, Wen B, Cheng J, Li H. Brain Structural Differences between Normal and Obese Adults and their Links with Lack of Perseverance, Negative Urgency, and Sensation Seeking. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40595. [PMID: 28091559 PMCID: PMC5238376 DOI: 10.1038/srep40595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to examine the difference in brain structure between obese and normal weight individuals, and to explore the relationship between the neuroanatomical changes and impulsivity traits, this study used a voxel-based morphometry method to examine gray matter (GM) volume alterations related to impulsive personality traits in obese individuals relative to normal weight. Eighty adults that completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale were analyzed. Possible GM volume alterations were first analyzed at the whole brain level, and then the relationship between regional GM volume differences and UPPS-P scores were examined in selected regions of interest. Reduced GM volumes were found in the frontal and limbic regions in the obese group compared to normal weight individuals. In the normal weight group, lack of perseverance was negatively correlated with GM volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, and negative urgency was negatively correlated with GM volume in the insula. In the obese group, sensation seeking was negatively correlated with GM volume in the left amygdala and right pallidum. These findings might improve our understanding of the relationship between lack of perseverance, negative urgency, and sensation seeking and body weight fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The first Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Wen
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Wolff N, Rubia K, Knopf H, Hölling H, Martini J, Ehrlich S, Roessner V. Reduced pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD is normalized by methylphenidate. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2016; 10:24. [PMID: 27453723 PMCID: PMC4957360 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-016-0112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD and the interaction between pain perception and the administration of methylphenidate (MPH) in order to generate hypotheses for further research that will help to clarify the association between ADHD diagnosis, MPH treatment and pain perception. METHODS We included 260 children and adolescents of the "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents" (KiGGS) and analyzed parent's assessments of children's pain distribution and pain perception, as well as the influence of MPH administration on pain perception in affected children and adolescents. RESULTS Pain perception was associated with ADHD and MPH administration, indicating that children and adolescents suffering from ADHD without MPH treatment were reported to have lower pain perception compared to both, healthy controls (HC) and ADHD patients medicated with MPH. CONCLUSION We suggest that reduced pain perception in children and adolescents with ADHD not medicated with MPH may lead to higher risk tolerance by misjudgments of dangerous situations, expanding the importance of MPH administration in affected children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Wolff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Hildtraud Knopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Hölling
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Dopamine D2/3- and μ-opioid receptor antagonists reduce cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in humans. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e850. [PMID: 27378550 PMCID: PMC4969763 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased responding to drug-associated stimuli (cue reactivity) and an inability to tolerate delayed gratification (reward impulsivity) have been implicated in the development and maintenance of drug addiction. Whereas data from animal studies suggest that both the dopamine and opioid system are involved in these two reward-related processes, their role in humans is less clear. Moreover, dopaminergic and opioidergic drugs have not been directly compared with regard to these functions, even though a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms might inform the development of specific treatments for elevated cue reactivity and reward impulsivity. In a randomized, double-blind, between-subject design we administered the selective dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist amisulpride (400 mg, n=41), the unspecific opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (50 mg, n=40) or placebo (n=40) to healthy humans and measured cue-induced responding with a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer task and reward impulsivity with a delay discounting task. Mood was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Compared with placebo, amisulpride significantly suppressed cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity. The effects of naltrexone were similar, although less pronounced. Both amisulpride and naltrexone decreased average mood ratings compared with placebo. Our results demonstrate that a selective blockade of dopamine D2/D3 receptors reduces cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in healthy humans. Antagonizing μ-opioid receptors has similar effects for cue-induced responding and to a lesser extent for reward impulsivity.
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Blunted Endogenous Opioid Release Following an Oral Amphetamine Challenge in Pathological Gamblers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1742-50. [PMID: 26552847 PMCID: PMC4869041 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder and the first recognized behavioral addiction, with similarities to substance use disorders but without the confounding effects of drug-related brain changes. Pathophysiology within the opioid receptor system is increasingly recognized in substance dependence, with higher mu-opioid receptor (MOR) availability reported in alcohol, cocaine and opiate addiction. Impulsivity, a risk factor across the addictions, has also been found to be associated with higher MOR availability. The aim of this study was to characterize baseline MOR availability and endogenous opioid release in pathological gamblers (PG) using [(11)C]carfentanil PET with an oral amphetamine challenge. Fourteen PG and 15 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent two [(11)C]carfentanil PET scans, before and after an oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg of d-amphetamine. The change in [(11)C]carfentanil binding between baseline and post-amphetamine scans (ΔBPND) was assessed in 10 regions of interest (ROI). MOR availability did not differ between PG and HV groups. As seen previously, oral amphetamine challenge led to significant reductions in [(11)C]carfentanil BPND in 8/10 ROI in HV. PG demonstrated significant blunting of opioid release compared with HV. PG also showed blunted amphetamine-induced euphoria and alertness compared with HV. Exploratory analysis revealed that impulsivity positively correlated with caudate baseline BPND in PG only. This study provides the first evidence of blunted endogenous opioid release in PG. Our findings are consistent with growing evidence that dysregulation of endogenous opioids may have an important role in the pathophysiology of addictions.
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Karjalainen T, Tuominen L, Manninen S, Kalliokoski KK, Nuutila P, Jääskeläinen IP, Hari R, Sams M, Nummenmaa L. Behavioural activation system sensitivity is associated with cerebral μ-opioid receptor availability. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1310-6. [PMID: 27053768 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement-sensitivity theory proposes that behavioural activation and inhibition systems (BAS and BIS, respectively) guide approach and avoidance behaviour in potentially rewarding and punishing situations. Their baseline activity presumably explains individual differences in behavioural dispositions when a person encounters signals of reward and harm. Yet, neurochemical bases of BAS and BIS have remained poorly understood. Here we used in vivo positron emission tomography with a µ-opioid receptor (MOR) specific ligand [(11)C]carfentanil to test whether individual differences in MOR availability would be associated with BAS or BIS. We scanned 49 healthy subjects and measured their BAS and BIS sensitivities using the BIS/BAS scales. BAS but not BIS sensitivity was positively associated with MOR availability in frontal cortex, amygdala, ventral striatum, brainstem, cingulate cortex and insula. Strongest associations were observed for the BAS subscale 'Fun Seeking'. Our results suggest that endogenous opioid system underlies BAS, and that differences in MOR availability could explain inter-individual differences in reward seeking behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Karjalainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Iiro P Jääskeläinen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Hari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Art, School of Arts, Design and Architecture, 00076 AALTO, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sams
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, 00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
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Brown GG, Jacobus J, McKenna B. Structural imaging for addiction medicine: From neurostructure to neuroplasticity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:105-27. [PMID: 26822356 PMCID: PMC4856004 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging have provided new insights into structural brain changes associated with drugs of abuse. In this chapter, we review recent studies using these methods to investigate structural brain abnormalities associated with excessive use of marijuana, stimulants, and opiates. Although many brain regions have been associated with structural abnormalities following abuse of these drugs, brain systems underlying inhibition, mood regulation, and reward are particularly involved. Candidate pathological mechanisms underlying these structural abnormalities include the direct toxic effects of the drugs, neuroinflammation, ischemia, hemorrhage, and abnormal brain development. Returning damaged brain areas to neural health would involve enhancing neuroplasticity. Behavioral, environmental, pharmacological, and cell-based therapies have been correlated with enhanced neuroplasticity following brain injury, providing a basis for new treatments of brain changes associated with excessive drug use. When testing new treatments, structural imaging may prove useful in selecting patients, monitoring recovery, and perhaps, tailoring interventions.
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Bandelow B, Wedekind D. Possible role of a dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system in antisocial personality disorder. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:393-415. [PMID: 26250442 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Around half the inmates in prison institutions have antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). A recent theory has proposed that a dysfunction of the endogenous opioid system (EOS) underlies the neurobiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). In the present theoretical paper, based on a comprehensive database and hand search of the relevant literature, this hypothesis is extended to ASPD, which may be the predominant expression of EOS dysfunction in men, while the same pathology underlies BPD in women. According to evidence from human and animal studies, the problematic behaviours of persons with antisocial, callous, or psychopathic traits may be seen as desperate, unconscious attempts to stimulate their deficient EOS, which plays a key role in brain reward circuits. If the needs of this system are not being met, the affected persons experience dysphoric mood, discomfort, or irritability, and strive to increase binding of endogenous opioids to receptors by using the rewarding effects of aggression by exertion of physical or manipulative power on others, by abusing alcohol or substances that have the reward system as target, by creating an "endorphin rush" by self-harm, by increasing the frequency of their sexual contacts, or by impulsive actions and sensation seeking. Symptoms associated with ASPD can be treated with opioid antagonists like naltrexone, naloxone, or nalmefene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borwin Bandelow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Endogenous Opioid Signaling in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex is Required for the Expression of Hunger-Induced Impulsive Action. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2464-74. [PMID: 25865930 PMCID: PMC4538362 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Opioid transmission and dysregulated prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity have both been implicated in the inhibitory-control deficits associated with addiction and binge-type eating disorders. What remains unknown, however, is whether endogenous opioid transmission within the PFC modulates inhibitory control. Here, we compared intra-PFC opioid manipulations with a monoamine manipulation (d-amphetamine), in two sucrose-reinforced tasks: progressive ratio (PR), which assays the motivational value of an incentive, and differential reinforcement of low response rates (DRLs), a test of inhibitory control. Intra-PFC methylnaloxonium (M-NX, a limited diffusion opioid antagonist) was given to rats in a 'low-drive' condition (2-h food deprivation), and also after a motivational shift to a 'high-drive' condition (18-h food deprivation). Intra-PFC DAMGO (D-[Ala2,N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin; a μ-opioid agonist) and d-amphetamine were also tested in both tasks, under the low-drive condition. Intra-PFC M-NX nearly eliminated impulsive action in DRL engendered by hunger, at a dose (1 μg) that significantly affected neither hunger-induced PR enhancement nor hyperactivity. At a higher dose (3 μg), M-NX eliminated impulsive action and returned PR breakpoint to low-drive levels. Conversely, intra-PFC DAMGO engendered 'high-drive-like' effects: enhancement of PR and impairment of DRL performance. Intra-PFC d-amphetamine failed to produce effects in either task. These results establish that endogenous PFC opioid transmission is both necessary and sufficient for the expression of impulsive action in a high-arousal, high-drive appetitive state, and that PFC-based opioid systems enact functionally unique effects on food impulsivity and motivation relative to PFC-based monoamine systems. Opioid antagonists may represent effective treatments for a range of psychiatric disorders with impulsivity features.
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Laukkanen V, Kärkkäinen O, Kautiainen H, Tiihonen J, Storvik M. Decreased [³H]naloxone Binding in the Dentate Gyrus of Cloninger Type 1 Anxiety-Prone Alcoholics: A Postmortem Whole-Hemisphere Autoradiography Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1352-9. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Laukkanen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry; University of Eastern Finland; Niuvanniemi Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Psychiatry; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Unit of Primary Health Care; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Department of General Practice; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry; University of Eastern Finland; Niuvanniemi Hospital; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Karolinska sjukhuset; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus Storvik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
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Pattij T, Schoffelmeer AN. Serotonin and inhibitory response control: Focusing on the role of 5-HT1A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 753:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Amphetamine induced endogenous opioid release in the human brain detected with [¹¹C]carfentanil PET: replication in an independent cohort. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:2069-74. [PMID: 24807268 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to replicate a previous study which showed that endogenous opioid release, following an oral dose of amphetamine, can be detected in the living human brain using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Nine healthy volunteers underwent two [11C]carfentanil PET scans, one before and one 3 h following oral amphetamine administration (0.5 mg/kg). Regional changes in [11C]carfentanil BPND from pre- to post-amphetamine were assessed. The amphetamine challenge led to significant reductions in [11C]carfentanil BPND in the putamen, thalamus, frontal lobe, nucleus accumbens, anterior cingulate, cerebellum and insula cortices, replicating our earlier findings. None of the participants experienced significant euphoria/'high', supporting the use of oral amphetamine to characterize in vivo endogenous opioid release following a pharmacological challenge. [11C]carfentanil PET is able to detect changes in binding following an oral amphetamine challenge that reflects endogenous opioid release and is suitable to characterize the opioid system in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Deep Infection With Candida albicans Following Total Hip Replacement. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e3182a1eeae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martel MO, Jamison RN, Wasan AD, Edwards RR. The association between catastrophizing and craving in patients with chronic pain prescribed opioid therapy: a preliminary analysis. PAIN MEDICINE 2014; 15:1757-64. [PMID: 24612286 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies have shown that opioid craving (i.e., the perceived need or desire to consume opioids) is one of the strongest determinants of prescription opioid misuse in patients with chronic pain prescribed opioid therapy. To date, however, the factors that are associated with craving in patients with pain remain largely unexplored. Based on previous research, there is reason to believe that catastrophizing might be associated with heightened opioid craving. OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that catastrophizing would be associated with heightened craving in patients with chronic pain prescribed long-term opioid therapy. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS, AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 109 patients with chronic pain were asked to provide self-reports of catastrophizing and craving. Patients also provided self-reports of pain intensity and depressive symptoms. RESULTS We found that higher levels of catastrophizing were associated with higher levels of craving. Importantly, results of a regression analysis revealed that the association between catastrophizing and craving remained significant even after controlling for a host of demographic (i.e., age, sex), psychological (i.e., depressive symptoms), medical (i.e., pain intensity, pain duration), and medication regimen (i.e., opioid doses) variables. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings provide valuable new insights into the determinants of craving in patients with pain. The finding that catastrophizing was associated with craving even after controlling for a host of demographic, psychological, medical, and medication regimen variables is particularly striking, and raises questions concerning the factors that underlie the association between catastrophizing and craving in patients prescribed opioid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc O Martel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Dissociable effects of kappa-opioid receptor activation on impulsive phenotypes in wistar rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:2278-85. [PMID: 23689673 PMCID: PMC3773679 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) is the primary target for the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin (DYN), and KORs reside within brain circuitry underlying the complex integration of information related to different behavioral domains such as motivation, negative affect, and decision-making. Alterations in extended amygdala DYNs and KOR function following chronic alcohol exposure have been shown to mediate escalated alcohol self-administration during acute withdrawal. In addition to excessive alcohol consumption and increased negative affect, other symptoms of alcohol dependence include compromised impulse control. Given that DYN and KOR expressions are dysregulated within prefrontal brain circuitry associated with decision-making and impulse control in alcohol-dependent humans and rodents, and have been shown to modify multiple neurotransmitter systems associated with impulse-control disorders, we hypothesized that KOR activation could contribute to impulsive phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, separate cohorts of male Wistar rats were trained in one of the two animal models of impulsivity: delay-discounting (DD) or stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) tasks, and once stable responding was observed, received intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of the KOR agonist U50,488 (0-50 μg) according to a within-subject dosing regimen. The results demonstrated a dissociable effect of U50,488 on impulsive phenotypes related to intolerance to delay or response inhibition, with selective effects in the SSRT. Furthermore, the pro-impulsive effects of KOR activation were rescued by pretreatment with the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI). Therefore, KOR activation was shown to induce an impulsive phenotype that was nor-BNI-sensitive. Dysregulation of impulsive behavior by increased DYN/KOR activity could serve to increase vulnerability for the initiation, or perpetuate existing patterns of excessive alcohol abuse and can enhance the probability of relapse in dependent individuals. Furthermore, KOR-mediated impulsivity has implications for numerous neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Tragesser SL, Jones RE, Robinson RJ, Stutler A, Stewart A. Borderline personality disorder features and risk for prescription opioid use disorders. J Pers Disord 2013; 27:427-41. [PMID: 23718741 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2013_27_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although there is evidence for high comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorders, particularly alcohol use, more research is needed on the associations between BPD and prescription opioid use because of the increasing national problem of prescription opioid misuse. The purpose of the present study was to examine relationships between BPD features and prescription opioid use, risk for misuse, consequences, and dependence features, and to determine which aspects of BPD account for these associations. As predicted, BPD features were associated with greater quantity and frequency of opioid use, risk for pain medication misuse, consequences, and dependence features. Additional analyses indicated that most of these effects were accounted for by the self-harm/impulsivity component of BPD. The authors conclude that individuals with more pronounced BPD features may be at risk for use and dependence on prescription opioids, and that this association may be primarily associated with the impulsivity features of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Tragesser
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Mitchell JM, O'Neil JP, Jagust WJ, Fields HL. Catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype modulates opioid release in decision circuitry. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:400-3. [PMID: 24127930 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity, a risk factor for substance abuse disorders, is modulated by the Val158 variant of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. Rodent studies have shown that opioids enhance impulsivity. Furthermore, alcohol consumption leads to endogenous opioid release in the cortex and nucleus accumbens (NAc), and this opioid release is correlated with greater positive hedonic effect. Using the selective mu opioid receptor radioligand [¹¹C] carfentanil, we find that, following alcohol consumption, individuals with the COMT Val158 allele have greater opioid release in the right NAc but less release in medial orbital frontal cortex (OFC). These data suggest that genetic regulation of dopamine levels can affect alcohol consumption in part by modulating endogenous opioid release in specific brain regions implicated in reward, which in turn promotes impulsive choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Mitchell
- Ernest Gallo Clinic & Research Center, University of California San Francisco, Emeryville, California, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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48
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49
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Peciña M, Azhar H, Love TM, Lu T, Fredrickson BL, Stohler CS, Zubieta JK. Personality trait predictors of placebo analgesia and neurobiological correlates. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38. [PMID: 23187726 PMCID: PMC3572460 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits have been shown to interact with environmental cues to modulate biological responses including treatment responses, and potentially having a role in the formation of placebo effects. Here, we assessed psychological traits in 50 healthy controls as to their capacity to predict placebo analgesic effects, placebo-induced activation of μ-opioid neurotransmission and changes in cortisol plasma levels during a sustained experimental pain challenge (hypertonic saline infused in the masseter muscle) with and without placebo administration. Statistical analyses showed that an aggregate of scores from Ego-Resiliency, NEO Altruism, NEO Straightforwardness (positive predictors) and NEO Angry Hostility (negative predictor) scales accounted for 25% of the variance in placebo analgesic responses. Molecular imaging showed that subjects scoring above the median in a composite of those trait measures also presented greater placebo-induced activation of μ-opioid neurotransmission in the subgenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex, insula, nucleus accumbens, amygdala and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Endogenous opioid release in the dorsal ACC and PAG was positively correlated with placebo-induced reductions in pain ratings. Significant reductions in cortisol levels were observed during placebo administration and were positively correlated with decreases in pain ratings, μ-opioid system activation in the dorsal ACC and PAG, and as a trend, negatively with NEO Angry Hostility scores. Our results show that personality traits explain a substantial proportion of the variance in placebo analgesic responses and are further associated with activations in endogenous opioid neurotransmission, and as a trend cortisol plasma levels. This initial data, if replicated in larger sample, suggest that simple trait measures easily deployable in the field could be utilized to reduce variability in clinical trials, but may also point to measures of individual resiliency in the face of aversive stimuli such as persistent pain and potentially other stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Peciña
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hamdan Azhar
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tiffany M Love
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tingting Lu
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan, 205 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0720, USA, Tel: +734-763-6843, Fax: +734-647-4130, E-mail:
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Lutz PE, Kieffer BL. The multiple facets of opioid receptor function: implications for addiction. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:473-9. [PMID: 23453713 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is characterized by altered reward processing, disrupted emotional responses and poor decision-making. Beyond a central role in drug reward, increasing evidence indicate that opioid receptors are broadly involved in all these processes. Recent studies establish the mu opioid receptor as a main player in social reward, which attracts increasing attention in psychiatric research. There is growing interest in blocking the kappa opioid receptor to prevent relapse, and alleviate the negative affect of withdrawal. The delta opioid receptor emerges as a potent mood enhancer, whose involvement in addiction is less clear. All three opioid receptors are likely implicated in addiction-depression comorbidity, and understanding of their roles in cognitive deficits associated to drug abuse is only beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Eric Lutz
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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