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Yusri K, Kumar S, Fong S, Gruber J, Sorrentino V. Towards Healthy Longevity: Comprehensive Insights from Molecular Targets and Biomarkers to Biological Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6793. [PMID: 38928497 PMCID: PMC11203944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and time-dependent decline in physiological function that affects most organisms, leading to increased risk of age-related diseases. Investigating the molecular underpinnings of aging is crucial to identify geroprotectors, precisely quantify biological age, and propose healthy longevity approaches. This review explores pathways that are currently being investigated as intervention targets and aging biomarkers spanning molecular, cellular, and systemic dimensions. Interventions that target these hallmarks may ameliorate the aging process, with some progressing to clinical trials. Biomarkers of these hallmarks are used to estimate biological aging and risk of aging-associated disease. Utilizing aging biomarkers, biological aging clocks can be constructed that predict a state of abnormal aging, age-related diseases, and increased mortality. Biological age estimation can therefore provide the basis for a fine-grained risk stratification by predicting all-cause mortality well ahead of the onset of specific diseases, thus offering a window for intervention. Yet, despite technological advancements, challenges persist due to individual variability and the dynamic nature of these biomarkers. Addressing this requires longitudinal studies for robust biomarker identification. Overall, utilizing the hallmarks of aging to discover new drug targets and develop new biomarkers opens new frontiers in medicine. Prospects involve multi-omics integration, machine learning, and personalized approaches for targeted interventions, promising a healthier aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalishah Yusri
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Clinical and Translational Sciences PhD Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism and Amsterdam Neuroscience Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Morgenroth CL, Kleymann P, Ripke S, Awasthi S, Wagner E, Oviedo-Salcedo T, Okhuijsen-Pfeifer C, Luykx JJ, van der Horst MZ, Hasan A, Bermpohl F, Gutwinski S, Schreiter S. Polygenetic risk scores and phenotypic constellations of obsessive-compulsive disorder in clozapine-treated schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:181-193. [PMID: 37020043 PMCID: PMC10786740 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) are frequently observed in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) treated with clozapine (CLZ). This study aimed to analyze prevalence of OCS and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in this subgroup and find possible correlations with different phenotypes. Additionally, this is the first study to examine polygenetic risk scores (PRS) in individuals with SCZ and OCS. A multicenter cohort of 91 individuals with SCZ who were treated with CLZ was recruited and clinically and genetically assessed. Symptom severity was examined using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Participants were divided into subgroups based on phenotypic OCS or OCD using Y-BOCS scores. Genomic-wide data were generated, and PRS analyses were performed to evaluate the association between either phenotypic OCD or OCS severity and genotype-predicted predisposition for OCD, SCZ, cross-disorder, and CLZ/norclozapine (NorCLZ) ratio, CLZ metabolism and NorCLZ metabolism. OCS and OCD were frequent comorbidities in our sample of CLZ-treated SCZ individuals, with a prevalence of 39.6% and 27.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the Y-BOCS total score correlated positively with the duration of CLZ treatment in years (r = 0.28; p = 0.008) and the PANSS general psychopathology subscale score (r = 0.23; p = 0.028). A significant correlation was found between OCD occurrence and PRS for CLZ metabolism. We found no correlation between OCS severity and PRS for CLZ metabolism. We found no correlation for either OCD or OCS and PRS for OCD, cross-disorder, SCZ, CLZ/NorCLZ ratio or NorCLZ metabolism. Our study was able to replicate previous findings on clinical characteristics of CLZ-treated SCZ individuals. OCS is a frequent comorbidity in this cohort and is correlated with CLZ treatment duration in years and PANSS general psychopathology subscale score. We found a correlation between OCD and PRS for CLZ metabolism, which should be interpreted as incidental for now. Future research is necessary to replicate significant findings and to assess possible genetic predisposition of CLZ-treated individuals with SCZ to OCS/OCD. Limitations attributed to the small sample size or the inclusion of subjects on co-medication must be considered. If the association between OCD and PRS for CLZ metabolism can be replicated, it should be further evaluated if CYP1A2 alteration, respectively lower CLZ plasma level, is relevant for OCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lou Morgenroth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kleymann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tatiana Oviedo-Salcedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital-LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cynthia Okhuijsen-Pfeifer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Marte Z van der Horst
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bermpohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Gutwinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiter
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Ma W, Song X, Yuan GC, Wang P. RECCIPE: A new framework assessing localized cell-cell interaction on gene expression in multicellular ST data. Front Genet 2024; 15:1322886. [PMID: 38327830 PMCID: PMC10847567 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1322886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interaction (CCI) plays a pivotal role in cellular communication within the tissue microenvironment. The recent development of spatial transcriptomics (ST) technology and associated data analysis methods has empowered researchers to systematically investigate CCI. However, existing methods are tailored to single-cell resolution datasets, whereas the majority of ST platforms lack such resolution. Additionally, the detection of CCI through association screening based on ST data, which has complicated dependence structure, necessitates proper control of false discovery rates due to the multiple hypothesis testing issue in high dimensional spaces. To address these challenges, we introduce RECCIPE, a novel method designed for identifying cell signaling interactions across multiple cell types in spatial transcriptomic data. RECCIPE integrates gene expression data, spatial information and cell type composition in a multivariate regression framework, enabling genome-wide screening for changes in gene expression levels attributed to CCIs. We show that RECCIPE not only achieves high accuracy in simulated datasets but also provides new biological insights from real data obtained from a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overall, our framework provides a useful tool for studying impact of cell-cell interactions on gene expression in multicellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Health Care Delivery Science, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Oh HSH, Rutledge J, Nachun D, Pálovics R, Abiose O, Moran-Losada P, Channappa D, Urey DY, Kim K, Sung YJ, Wang L, Timsina J, Western D, Liu M, Kohlfeld P, Budde J, Wilson EN, Guen Y, Maurer TM, Haney M, Yang AC, He Z, Greicius MD, Andreasson KI, Sathyan S, Weiss EF, Milman S, Barzilai N, Cruchaga C, Wagner AD, Mormino E, Lehallier B, Henderson VW, Longo FM, Montgomery SB, Wyss-Coray T. Organ aging signatures in the plasma proteome track health and disease. Nature 2023; 624:164-172. [PMID: 38057571 PMCID: PMC10700136 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies show aging varies between individuals as well as between organs within an individual1-4, but whether this is true in humans and its effect on age-related diseases is unknown. We utilized levels of human blood plasma proteins originating from specific organs to measure organ-specific aging differences in living individuals. Using machine learning models, we analysed aging in 11 major organs and estimated organ age reproducibly in five independent cohorts encompassing 5,676 adults across the human lifespan. We discovered nearly 20% of the population show strongly accelerated age in one organ and 1.7% are multi-organ agers. Accelerated organ aging confers 20-50% higher mortality risk, and organ-specific diseases relate to faster aging of those organs. We find individuals with accelerated heart aging have a 250% increased heart failure risk and accelerated brain and vascular aging predict Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression independently from and as strongly as plasma pTau-181 (ref. 5), the current best blood-based biomarker for AD. Our models link vascular calcification, extracellular matrix alterations and synaptic protein shedding to early cognitive decline. We introduce a simple and interpretable method to study organ aging using plasma proteomics data, predicting diseases and aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Se-Hwee Oh
- Graduate Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarod Rutledge
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Nachun
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olamide Abiose
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Divya Channappa
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Deniz Yagmur Urey
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kate Kim
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jigyasha Timsina
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Menghan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pat Kohlfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward N Wilson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yann Guen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taylor M Maurer
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Haney
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin I Andreasson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanish Sathyan
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica F Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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5
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López-Murcia FJ, Reim K, Taschenberger H. Complexins: Ubiquitously Expressed Presynaptic Regulators of SNARE-Mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:255-285. [PMID: 37615870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release is a spatially and temporally tightly regulated process, which requires assembly and disassembly of SNARE complexes to enable the exocytosis of transmitter-loaded synaptic vesicles (SVs) at presynaptic active zones (AZs). While the requirement for the core SNARE machinery is shared by most membrane fusion processes, SNARE-mediated fusion at AZs is uniquely regulated to allow very rapid Ca2+-triggered SV exocytosis following action potential (AP) arrival. To enable a sub-millisecond time course of AP-triggered SV fusion, synapse-specific accessory SNARE-binding proteins are required in addition to the core fusion machinery. Among the known SNARE regulators specific for Ca2+-triggered SV fusion are complexins, which are almost ubiquitously expressed in neurons. This chapter summarizes the structural features of complexins, models for their molecular interactions with SNAREs, and their roles in SV fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José López-Murcia
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kerstin Reim
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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Lee M, Joehanes R, McCartney DL, Kho M, Hüls A, Wyss AB, Liu C, Walker RM, R Kardia SL, Wingo TS, Burkholder A, Ma J, Campbell A, Wingo AP, Huan T, Sikdar S, Keshawarz A, Bennett DA, Smith JA, Evans KL, Levy D, London SJ. Opioid medication use and blood DNA methylation: epigenome-wide association meta-analysis. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1479-1492. [PMID: 36700736 PMCID: PMC9979153 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To identify differential methylation related to prescribed opioid use. Methods: This study examined whether blood DNA methylation, measured using Illumina arrays, differs by recent opioid medication use in four population-based cohorts. We meta-analyzed results (282 users; 10,560 nonusers) using inverse-variance weighting. Results: Differential methylation (false discovery rate <0.05) was observed at six CpGs annotated to the following genes: KIAA0226, CPLX2, TDRP, RNF38, TTC23 and GPR179. Integrative epigenomic analyses linked implicated loci to regulatory elements in blood and/or brain. Additionally, 74 CpGs were differentially methylated in males or females. Methylation at significant CpGs correlated with gene expression in blood and/or brain. Conclusion: This study identified DNA methylation related to opioid medication use in general populations. The results could inform the development of blood methylation biomarkers of opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikyeong Lee
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Roby Joehanes
- Department of Health and Human Services, Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Minjung Kho
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anke Hüls
- Department of Epidemiology & Gangarosa, Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Annah B Wyss
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Boston University, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Clinical Brain Science, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology & Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam Burkholder
- Office of Environmental Science Cyberinfrastructure, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Department of Health and Human Services, Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- Department of Health and Human Services, Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Sinjini Sikdar
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Amena Keshawarz
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel Levy
- Department of Health and Human Services, Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Stephanie J London
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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7
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Sun W, Chao G, Shang M, Wu Q, Xia Y, Wei Q, Zhou J, Liao L. Optic nerve injury models under varying forces. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:757-769. [PMID: 36038691 PMCID: PMC10042766 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the pathological changes in optic nerve injury models under varying forces. METHODS The rats were classified into 4 groups: sham operation (SH), 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 N. Modeling was performed using the lateral optic nerve pulling method. Seven days after modeling, Brn3a immunofluorescence was used to detect retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect RGC apoptosis, and flash visual evoked potential (FVEP) was used to detect the optic nerve function on days 1, 3, and 7 after modeling. In addition, LC3 II and P62 expression levels in retinal tissues were detected by western blotting to observe the changes in autophagy levels. RESULTS RGC number decreased 7 d after modeling, and it showed a downward trend with increasing damaging force. The number of apoptotic RGCs in ganglion cell layer in the 0.3 and 0.5 N groups was increased and was higher than that in the 0.1 N group. The difference in FVEP of rats in each group was mainly reflected in the P2 peak latency. LC3 II and P62 expression levels in retinal tissue of 0.3 and 0.5 N groups were higher than those of the SH and 0.1 groups; however, the difference between the 0.1 N and SH groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Precisely controlling the force of the optic nerve clamping injury model is necessary because different forces acting on the optic nerve will lead to differences in the loss of optic neurons, the conduction function of the optic nerve, and autophagy level in retinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Chao
- Eye Hospital Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqiu Shang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Xia
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiping Wei
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
- , No. 6, District 1, Fangxing Garden, Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Liang Liao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
- , No. 6, District 1, Fangxing Garden, Fangzhuang, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China.
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8
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Hodel F, Chong AY, Scepanovic P, Xu ZM, Naret O, Thorball CW, Rüeger S, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Begemann M, Ehrenreich H, Brenner N, Bender N, Waterboer T, Mentzer AJ, Hill AVS, Hammer C, Fellay J. Human genomics of the humoral immune response against polyomaviruses. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab058. [PMID: 34532061 PMCID: PMC8438875 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses are widespread in humans and can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. To identify human genetic determinants of the humoral immune response against polyomaviruses, we performed genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin G responses against BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), Merkel cellpolyomavirus (MCPyV), WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), and human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) in 15,660 individuals of European ancestry from three independent studies. We observed significant associations for all tested viruses: JCPyV, HPyV6, and MCPyV associated with human leukocyte antigen class II variation, BKPyV and JCPyV with variants in FUT2, responsible for secretor status, MCPyV with variants in STING1, involved in interferon induction, and WUPyV with a functional variant in MUC1, previously associated with risk for gastric cancer. These results provide insights into the genetic control of a family of very prevalent human viruses, highlighting genes and pathways that play a modulating role in human humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Y Chong
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - P Scepanovic
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Headquarters Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Z M Xu
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Naret
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C W Thorball
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Rüeger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Bender
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A V S Hill
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
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9
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Pan H, Steixner-Kumar AA, Seelbach A, Deutsch N, Ronnenberg A, Tapken D, von Ahsen N, Mitjans M, Worthmann H, Trippe R, Klein-Schmidt C, Schopf N, Rentzsch K, Begemann M, Wienands J, Stöcker W, Weissenborn K, Hollmann M, Nave KA, Lühder F, Ehrenreich H. Multiple inducers and novel roles of autoantibodies against the obligatory NMDAR subunit NR1: a translational study from chronic life stress to brain injury. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2471-2482. [PMID: 32089545 PMCID: PMC8440197 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies (AB) of different immunoglobulin classes (IgM, IgA, and IgG), directed against the obligatory N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor subunit NR1 (NMDAR1-AB), belong to the mammalian autoimmune repertoire, and appear with age-dependently high seroprevalence across health and disease. Upon access to the brain, they can exert NMDAR-antagonistic/ketamine-like actions. Still unanswered key questions, addressed here, are conditions of NMDAR1-AB formation/boosting, intraindividual persistence/course in serum over time, and (patho)physiological significance of NMDAR1-AB in modulating neuropsychiatric phenotypes. We demonstrate in a translational fashion from mouse to human that (1) serum NMDAR1-AB fluctuate upon long-term observation, independent of blood-brain barrier (BBB) perturbation; (2) a standardized small brain lesion in juvenile mice leads to increased NMDAR1-AB seroprevalence (IgM + IgG), together with enhanced Ig-class diversity; (3) CTLA4 (immune-checkpoint) genotypes, previously found associated with autoimmune disease, predispose to serum NMDAR1-AB in humans; (4) finally, pursuing our prior findings of an early increase in NMDAR1-AB seroprevalence in human migrants, which implicated chronic life stress as inducer, we independently replicate these results with prospectively recruited refugee minors. Most importantly, we here provide the first experimental evidence in mice of chronic life stress promoting serum NMDAR1-AB (IgA). Strikingly, stress-induced depressive-like behavior in mice and depression/anxiety in humans are reduced in NMDAR1-AB carriers with compromised BBB where NMDAR1-AB can readily reach the brain. To conclude, NMDAR1-AB may have a role as endogenous NMDAR antagonists, formed or boosted under various circumstances, ranging from genetic predisposition to, e.g., tumors, infection, brain injury, and stress, altogether increasing over lifetime, and exerting a spectrum of possible effects, also including beneficial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agnes A. Steixner-Kumar
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Seelbach
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Deutsch
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Tapken
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biochemistry I–Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nico von Ahsen
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Mitjans
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans Worthmann
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Trippe
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biochemistry I–Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Klein-Schmidt
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biochemistry I–Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Schopf
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Rentzsch
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Karin Weissenborn
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XDepartment of Biochemistry I–Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- grid.419522.90000 0001 0668 6902Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Garcia-Agudo LF, Janova H, Sendler LE, Arinrad S, Steixner AA, Hassouna I, Balmuth E, Ronnenberg A, Schopf N, van der Flier FJ, Begemann M, Martens H, Weber MS, Boretius S, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Genetically induced brain inflammation by Cnp deletion transiently benefits from microglia depletion. FASEB J 2019; 33:8634-8647. [PMID: 31090455 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reduced expression of 2'-3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (Cnp) in humans and mice causes white matter inflammation and catatonic signs. These consequences are experimentally alleviated by microglia ablation via colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibition using PLX5622. Here we address for the first time preclinical topics crucial for translation, most importantly 1) the comparison of 2 long-term PLX5622 applications (prevention and treatment) vs. 1 treatment alone, 2) the correlation of catatonic signs and executive dysfunction, 3) the phenotype of leftover microglia evading depletion, and 4) the role of intercellular interactions for efficient CSF1R inhibition. Based on our Cnp-/- mouse model and in vitro time-lapse imaging, we report the unexpected discovery that microglia surviving under PLX5622 display a highly inflammatory phenotype including aggressive premortal phagocytosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Interestingly, ablating microglia in vitro requires mixed glial cultures, whereas cultured pure microglia withstand PLX5622 application. Importantly, 2 extended rounds of CSF1R inhibition are not superior to 1 treatment regarding any readout investigated (magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, behavior, immunohistochemistry). Catatonia-related executive dysfunction and brain atrophy of Cnp-/- mice fail to improve under PLX5622. To conclude, even though microglia depletion is temporarily beneficial and worth pursuing, complementary treatment strategies are needed for full and lasting recovery.-Fernandez Garcia-Agudo, L., Janova, H., Sendler, L. E., Arinrad, S., Steixner, A. A., Hassouna, I., Balmuth, E., Ronnenberg, A., Schopf, N., van der Flier, F. J., Begemann, M., Martens, H., Weber, M. S., Boretius, S., Nave, K.-A., Ehrenreich, H. Genetically induced brain inflammation by Cnp deletion transiently benefits from microglia depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana Janova
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lea E Sendler
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahab Arinrad
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Agnes A Steixner
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imam Hassouna
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evan Balmuth
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Schopf
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, UMG, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Functional Imaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Li HY, Huang M, Luo QY, Hong X, Ramakrishna S, So KF. Lycium barbarum (Wolfberry) Increases Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Affects both Microglia/Macrophage Polarization and Autophagy after Rat Partial Optic Nerve Transection. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:607-618. [PMID: 30838886 PMCID: PMC7103598 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719835181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat partial optic nerve transection (PONT) model has been used for studying secondary
degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in recent years. In this study, we carried
out PONT of the temporal side of rat optic nerves, whereas PONT was carried out of the
superior side in the previous publication. We found that this surgery is better and easier
than the previous method and can produce a repeatable and reliable model. We detected
significant changes in the polarization of microglia/macrophages and the level of
autophagy in optic nerves after PONT. We also used this model to detect the effects of the
polysaccharides extracted from Lycium barbarum (LBP) on the survival of
RGCs and the changes in the polarization of microglia/macrophages and the level of
autophagy after PONT. We find that LBP can delay secondary degeneration of RGCs after
temporal injury of optic nerves, promote the M2 polarization of microglia/macrophages, and
down-regulate the level of autophagy after PONT. In conclusion, we find that the
polarization of microglia/macrophages and the autophagy level change after PONT; LBP
treatment delays secondary degeneration of RGCs; and the polarization of
microglia/macrophages and the level of autophagy are also altered after LBP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,3 Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Huang
- 2 Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,3 Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Luo
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Hong
- 1 Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,2 Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,3 Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- 2 Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- 2 Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,3 Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,4 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,5 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Mitjans M, Seidel J, Begemann M, Bockhop F, Moya-Higueras J, Bansal V, Wesolowski J, Seelbach A, Ibáñez MI, Kovacevic F, Duvar O, Fañanás L, Wolf HU, Ortet G, Zwanzger P, Klein V, Lange I, Tänzer A, Dudeck M, Penke L, van Elst LT, Bittner RA, Schmidmeier R, Freese R, Müller-Isberner R, Wiltfang J, Bliesener T, Bonn S, Poustka L, Müller JL, Arias B, Ehrenreich H. Violent aggression predicted by multiple pre-adult environmental hits. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1549-1564. [PMID: 29795411 PMCID: PMC6756097 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Early exposure to negative environmental impact shapes individual behavior and potentially contributes to any mental disease. We reported previously that accumulated environmental risk markedly decreases age at schizophrenia onset. Follow-up of matched extreme group individuals (≤1 vs. ≥3 risks) unexpectedly revealed that high-risk subjects had >5 times greater probability of forensic hospitalization. In line with longstanding sociological theories, we hypothesized that risk accumulation before adulthood induces violent aggression and criminal conduct, independent of mental illness. We determined in 6 independent cohorts (4 schizophrenia and 2 general population samples) pre-adult risk exposure, comprising urbanicity, migration, physical and sexual abuse as primary, and cannabis or alcohol as secondary hits. All single hits by themselves were marginally associated with higher violent aggression. Most strikingly, however, their accumulation strongly predicted violent aggression (odds ratio 10.5). An epigenome-wide association scan to detect differential methylation of blood-derived DNA of selected extreme group individuals yielded overall negative results. Conversely, determination in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of histone-deacetylase1 mRNA as 'umbrella mediator' of epigenetic processes revealed an increase in the high-risk group, suggesting lasting epigenetic alterations. Together, we provide sound evidence of a disease-independent unfortunate relationship between well-defined pre-adult environmental hits and violent aggression, calling for more efficient prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mitjans
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany ,grid.469673.9Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Seidel
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,0000 0001 2364 4210grid.7450.6Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Bockhop
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jorge Moya-Higueras
- grid.469673.9Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0001 2163 1432grid.15043.33Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Vikas Bansal
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janina Wesolowski
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Seelbach
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Ignacio Ibáñez
- grid.469673.9Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0001 1957 9153grid.9612.cDepartment of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Fatka Kovacevic
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oguzhan Duvar
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- grid.469673.9Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0004 1937 0247grid.5841.8Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hannah-Ulrike Wolf
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Generós Ortet
- grid.469673.9Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain ,0000 0001 1957 9153grid.9612.cDepartment of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Peter Zwanzger
- KBO-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Gabersee, Wasserburg am Inn Germany
| | - Verena Klein
- KBO-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Taufkirchen (Vils), Germany
| | - Ina Lange
- Competence Center for Forensic Psychiatry, Lower Saxony, MRV Moringen Germany
| | - Andreas Tänzer
- 0000 0000 9597 1037grid.412811.fDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, KRH, Wunstorf, Germany
| | - Manuela Dudeck
- 0000 0004 1936 9748grid.6582.9Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lars Penke
- 0000 0001 2364 4210grid.7450.6Institute of Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert A. Bittner
- 0000 0004 1936 9721grid.7839.5Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jens Wiltfang
- 0000 0001 2364 4210grid.7450.6Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bliesener
- 0000 0000 8700 8822grid.462495.8Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany ,0000 0001 2180 3484grid.13648.38Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- 0000 0001 2364 4210grid.7450.6Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen L. Müller
- 0000 0001 2364 4210grid.7450.6Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,Asklepios Hospital for Forensic Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. .,Departament Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
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13
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Pan H, Oliveira B, Saher G, Dere E, Tapken D, Mitjans M, Seidel J, Wesolowski J, Wakhloo D, Klein-Schmidt C, Ronnenberg A, Schwabe K, Trippe R, Mätz-Rensing K, Berghoff S, Al-Krinawe Y, Martens H, Begemann M, Stöcker W, Kaup FJ, Mischke R, Boretius S, Nave KA, Krauss JK, Hollmann M, Lühder F, Ehrenreich H. Uncoupling the widespread occurrence of anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies from neuropsychiatric disease in a novel autoimmune model. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:1489-1501. [PMID: 29426955 PMCID: PMC6756099 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibodies of the IgG class against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor subunit-NR1 (NMDAR1-AB) were considered pathognomonic for anti-NMDAR encephalitis. This view has been challenged by the age-dependent seroprevalence (up to >20%) of functional NMDAR1-AB of all immunoglobulin classes found in >5000 individuals, healthy or affected by different diseases. These findings question a merely encephalitogenic role of NMDAR1-AB. Here, we show that NMDAR1-AB belong to the normal autoimmune repertoire of dogs, cats, rats, mice, baboons, and rhesus macaques, and are functional in the NMDAR1 internalization assay based on human IPSC-derived cortical neurons. The age dependence of seroprevalence is lost in nonhuman primates in captivity and in human migrants, raising the intriguing possibility that chronic life stress may be related to NMDAR1-AB formation, predominantly of the IgA class. Active immunization of ApoE-/- and ApoE+/+ mice against four peptides of the extracellular NMDAR1 domain or ovalbumin (control) leads to high circulating levels of specific AB. After 4 weeks, the endogenously formed NMDAR1-AB (IgG) induce psychosis-like symptoms upon MK-801 challenge in ApoE-/- mice, characterized by an open blood-brain barrier, but not in their ApoE+/+ littermates, which are indistinguishable from ovalbumin controls. Importantly, NMDAR1-AB do not induce any sign of inflammation in the brain. Immunohistochemical staining for microglial activation markers and T lymphocytes in the hippocampus yields comparable results in ApoE-/- and ApoE+/+ mice, irrespective of immunization against NMDAR1 or ovalbumin. These data suggest that NMDAR1-AB of the IgG class shape behavioral phenotypes upon access to the brain but do not cause brain inflammation on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bárbara Oliveira
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ekrem Dere
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Tapken
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Biochemistry I—Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marina Mitjans
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Seidel
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Janina Wesolowski
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Debia Wakhloo
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Klein-Schmidt
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Biochemistry I—Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Ronnenberg
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- 0000 0000 9529 9877grid.10423.34Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Trippe
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Biochemistry I—Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Department of Pathology, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Berghoff
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yazeed Al-Krinawe
- 0000 0000 9529 9877grid.10423.34Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Martin Begemann
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Winfried Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Kaup
- Department of Pathology, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Mischke
- 0000 0001 0126 6191grid.412970.9Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- 0000 0001 0668 6902grid.419522.9Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany ,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim K. Krauss
- 0000 0000 9529 9877grid.10423.34Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Hollmann
- 0000 0004 0490 981Xgrid.5570.7Department of Biochemistry I—Receptor Biochemistry, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fred Lühder
- 0000 0001 0482 5331grid.411984.1Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Convergence of placenta biology and genetic risk for schizophrenia. Nat Med 2018; 24:792-801. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Lepeta K, Purzycka KJ, Pachulska-Wieczorek K, Mitjans M, Begemann M, Vafadari B, Bijata K, Adamiak RW, Ehrenreich H, Dziembowska M, Kaczmarek L. A normal genetic variation modulates synaptic MMP-9 protein levels and the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. EMBO Mol Med 2018. [PMID: 28623238 PMCID: PMC5538295 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) has recently emerged as a molecule that contributes to pathological synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia, but explanation of the underlying mechanisms has been missing. In the present study, we performed a phenotype‐based genetic association study (PGAS) in > 1,000 schizophrenia patients from the Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia (GRAS) data collection and found an association between the MMP‐9 rs20544 C/T single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the 3′untranslated region (UTR) and the severity of a chronic delusional syndrome. In cultured neurons, the rs20544 SNP influenced synaptic MMP‐9 activity and the morphology of dendritic spines. We demonstrated that Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) bound the MMP‐9 3′UTR. We also found dramatic changes in RNA structure folding and alterations in the affinity of FMRP for MMP‐9 RNA, depending on the SNP variant. Finally, we observed greater sensitivity to psychosis‐related locomotor hyperactivity in Mmp‐9 heterozygous mice. We propose a novel mechanism that involves MMP‐9‐dependent changes in dendritic spine morphology and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, providing the first mechanistic insights into the way in which the single base change in the MMP‐9 gene (rs20544) influences gene function and results in phenotypic changes observed in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lepeta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna J Purzycka
- Department of RNA Structure and Function, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland‡
| | - Katarzyna Pachulska-Wieczorek
- Department of RNA Structure and Function, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland‡
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Behnam Vafadari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Bijata
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of RNA Biology and Functional Genomics, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard W Adamiak
- Department of RNA Structure and Function, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland‡
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Dziembowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland .,Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Wanke KA, Devanna P, Vernes SC. Understanding Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Promise of Regulatory Variation in the 3'UTRome. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:548-557. [PMID: 29289333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders have a strong genetic component, but despite widespread efforts, the specific genetic factors underlying these disorders remain undefined for a large proportion of affected individuals. Given the accessibility of exome sequencing, this problem has thus far been addressed from a protein-centric standpoint; however, protein-coding regions only make up ∼1% to 2% of the human genome. With the advent of whole genome sequencing we are in the midst of a paradigm shift as it is now possible to interrogate the entire sequence of the human genome (coding and noncoding) to fill in the missing heritability of complex disorders. These new technologies bring new challenges, as the number of noncoding variants identified per individual can be overwhelming, making it prudent to focus on noncoding regions of known function, for which the effects of variation can be predicted and directly tested to assess pathogenicity. The 3'UTRome is a region of the noncoding genome that perfectly fulfills these criteria and is of high interest when searching for pathogenic variation related to complex neurodevelopmental disorders. Herein, we review the regulatory roles of the 3'UTRome as binding sites for microRNAs or RNA binding proteins, or during alternative polyadenylation. We detail existing evidence that these regions contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and outline strategies for identification and validation of novel putatively pathogenic variation in these regions. This evidence suggests that studying the 3'UTRome will lead to the identification of new risk factors, new candidate disease genes, and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai A Wanke
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Devanna
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja C Vernes
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Janova H, Arinrad S, Balmuth E, Mitjans M, Hertel J, Habes M, Bittner RA, Pan H, Goebbels S, Begemann M, Gerwig UC, Langner S, Werner HB, Kittel-Schneider S, Homuth G, Davatzikos C, Völzke H, West BL, Reif A, Grabe HJ, Boretius S, Ehrenreich H, Nave KA. Microglia ablation alleviates myelin-associated catatonic signs in mice. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:734-745. [PMID: 29252214 PMCID: PMC5785265 DOI: 10.1172/jci97032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying cellular mechanisms of catatonia, an executive "psychomotor" syndrome that is observed across neuropsychiatric diseases, have remained obscure. In humans and mice, reduced expression of the structural myelin protein CNP is associated with catatonic signs in an age-dependent manner, pointing to the involvement of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Here, we showed that the underlying cause of catatonic signs is the low-grade inflammation of white matter tracts, which marks a final common pathway in Cnp-deficient and other mutant mice with minor myelin abnormalities. The inhibitor of CSF1 receptor kinase signaling PLX5622 depleted microglia and alleviated the catatonic symptoms of Cnp mutants. Thus, microglia and low-grade inflammation of myelinated tracts emerged as the trigger of a previously unexplained mental condition. We observed a very high (25%) prevalence of individuals with catatonic signs in a deeply phenotyped schizophrenia sample (n = 1095). Additionally, we found the loss-of-function allele of a myelin-specific gene (CNP rs2070106-AA) associated with catatonia in 2 independent schizophrenia cohorts and also associated with white matter hyperintensities in a general population sample. Since the catatonic syndrome is likely a surrogate marker for other executive function defects, we suggest that microglia-directed therapies may be considered in psychiatric disorders associated with myelin abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Janova
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahab Arinrad
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evan Balmuth
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohamad Habes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Bittner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hong Pan
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike C. Gerwig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sönke Langner
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology
| | - Hauke B. Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, and
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Brian L. West
- Translational Pharmacology, Plexxikon Inc., Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susann Boretius
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Imaging Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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OTTO: a new strategy to extract mental disease-relevant combinations of GWAS hits from individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:476-486. [PMID: 27922606 PMCID: PMC5794905 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite high heritability of schizophrenia, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yet revealed distinct combinations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), relevant for mental disease-related, quantifiable behavioral phenotypes. Here we propose an individual-based model to use genome-wide significant markers for extracting first genetic signatures of such behavioral continua. 'OTTO' (old Germanic=heritage) marks an individual characterized by a prominent phenotype and a particular load of phenotype-associated risk SNPs derived from GWAS that likely contributed to the development of his personal mental illness. This load of risk SNPs is shared by a small squad of 'similars' scattered under the genetically and phenotypically extremely heterogeneous umbrella of a schizophrenia end point diagnosis and to a variable degree also by healthy subjects. In a discovery sample of >1000 deeply phenotyped schizophrenia patients and several independent replication samples, including the general population, a gradual increase in the severity of 'OTTO's phenotype' expression is observed with an increasing share of 'OTTO's risk SNPs', as exemplified here by autistic and affective phenotypes. These data suggest a model in which the genetic contribution to dimensional behavioral traits can be extracted from combinations of GWAS SNPs derived from individuals with prominent phenotypes. Even though still in the 'model phase' owing to a world-wide lack of sufficiently powered, deeply phenotyped replication samples, the OTTO approach constitutes a conceptually novel strategy to delineate biological subcategories of mental diseases starting from GWAS findings and individual subjects.
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19
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Proteomic alterations of brain subcellular organelles caused by low-dose copper exposure: implication for Alzheimer's disease. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1363-1382. [PMID: 29383422 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive copper intake can lead to neurotoxicity, but there is a lack of comprehensive understanding on the potential impact of copper exposure especially at a low-dose on brain. We used 3xTg-AD mice to explore the potential neurotoxicity of chronic, low-dose copper treatment (0.13 ppm copper chloride in drinking water) on behavior and the brain hippocampal mitochondrial and nuclear proteome. Low-dose copper increased the spatial memory impairment of these animals, increased accumulation of intracellular amyloid 1-42 (Aβ1-42), decreased ATP content, increased the positive staining of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of DNA oxidative damage, and caused apoptosis and a decrease in synaptic proteins. Mitochondrial proteomic analysis by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed modulation of 24 hippocampal mitochondrial proteins (14 increased and 10 decreased) in copper-treated vs. untreated 3xTg-AD mice. Nuclear proteomic analysis revealed 43 modulated hippocampal nuclear proteins (25 increased and 18 decreased) in copper-treated 3xTg-AD vs. untreated mice. Classification of modulated mitochondrial and nuclear proteins included functional categories such as energy metabolism, synaptic-related proteins, DNA damage and apoptosis-related proteins, and oxidative stress-related proteins. Among these differentially expressed mitochondrial and nuclear proteins, nine proteins were abnormally expressed in both hippocampus mitochondria and nuclei, including electron transport chain-related proteins NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10 (NDUAA), cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske (UCRI), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (COX5B), and ATP synthase subunit d (ATP5H), glycolytic-related pyruvate kinase PKM (KPYM) and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (ODPA). Furthermore, we found coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an endogenous mitochondrial protective factor/antioxidant, modulated the expression of 12 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins (4 increased and 8 decreased), which could be classified in functional categories such as glycolysis and synaptic-related proteins, oxidative stress-related proteins, implying that CoQ10 improved synaptic function, suppress oxidative stress, and regulate glycolysis. For the proteomics study, we validated the expression of several proteins related to synapses, DNA and apoptosis. The data confirmed that synapsin-2, a synaptic-related protein, was significantly decreased in both mitochondria and nuclei of copper-exposed 3xTg-AD mice. In mitochondria, dynamin-1 (DYN1), an apoptosis-related proteins, was significantly decreased. In the cellular nuclei, paraspeckle protein 1 (PSPC1) and purin-rich element-binding protein alpha (Purα), two DNA damage-related proteins, were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. We conclude that low-dose copper exposure exacerbates the spatial memory impairment of 3xTg-AD mice and perturbs multiple biological/pathogenic processes by dysregulating the mitochondrial and nuclear proteome. Exposure to copper might therefore contribute to the evolution of AD.
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20
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All naturally occurring autoantibodies against the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 have pathogenic potential irrespective of epitope and immunoglobulin class. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1776-1784. [PMID: 27502473 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies of the IgG class against N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor subunit NR1 (NMDAR1) were first described in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and seen as disease indicators. Recent work on together over 5000 individuals challenged this exclusive view by showing age-dependently up to >20% NMDAR1-autoantibody seroprevalence with comparable immunoglobulin class and titer distribution across health and disease. The key question therefore is to understand the properties of these autoantibodies, also in healthy carriers, in order to assess secondary complications and possible contributions to neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we believe we provide for human NMDAR1-autoantibodies the first comprehensive analysis of their target epitopes and functionality. We selected sera of representative carriers, healthy or diagnosed with very diverse conditions, that is, schizophrenia, age-related disorders like hypertension and diabetes, or anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We show that all positive sera investigated, regardless of source (ill or healthy donor) and immunoglobulin class, provoked NMDAR1 internalization in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and reduction of glutamate-evoked currents in NR1-1b/NR2A-expressing Xenopus oocytes. They displayed frequently polyclonal/polyspecific epitope recognition in the extracellular or intracellular NMDAR1 domains and some additionally in NR2A. We conclude that all circulating NMDAR1-autoantibodies have pathogenic potential regarding the whole spectrum of neuronal NMDAR-mediated effects upon access to the brain in situations of increased blood-brain-barrier permeability.
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21
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Saito S, Fujii K, Ozeki Y, Ohmori K, Honda G, Mori H, Kato K, Kuroda J, Aoki A, Asahi H, Sato H, Shimoda K, Akiyama K. Cognitive function, treatment response to lithium, and social functioning in Japanese patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:552-562. [PMID: 28691278 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with bipolar disorder often suffer from cognitive impairment that significantly influences their functional outcome. However, it remains unknown whether lithium has a central role in cognition and functional outcome. We examined whether cognition and functional outcome were predicted by demographic and clinical variables, including the response to lithium, in lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS We evaluated 96 lithium-treated euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 196 age- and-gender-matched healthy controls, using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). The patients were also assessed using the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) and "The Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder" (Alda) scale, which was evaluated as either a continuous measure of the total scale or a dichotomous criterion. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed two key findings: first, that the premorbid intelligence quotient, age, and number of mood episodes were predictors of the BACS composite score; and, second, that the BACS composite score, negative symptoms, and continuous measure on the total Alda scale (but not its dichotomy) predicted the total SFS score. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to confirm these findings, and additionally revealed that the Alda scale was significantly associated with negative symptoms and also the number of mood episodes, regardless of how it was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS SEM delineated how demographic and clinical variables, cognitive performance, and response to lithium treatment were causally associated with, and converged on, social function. The putative role of the Alda scale for social function warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saito
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuji Ozeki
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohmori
- Shiseikai, Takizawa Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gyo Honda
- Seiseido Kohseikai, Mori Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mori
- Seiseido Kohseikai, Mori Hospital, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kato
- Sakura La Mental Clinic, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazutaka Shimoda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Akiyama
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
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22
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Mitjans M, Begemann M, Ju A, Dere E, Wüstefeld L, Hofer S, Hassouna I, Balkenhol J, Oliveira B, van der Auwera S, Tammer R, Hammerschmidt K, Völzke H, Homuth G, Cecconi F, Chowdhury K, Grabe H, Frahm J, Boretius S, Dandekar T, Ehrenreich H. Sexual dimorphism of AMBRA1-related autistic features in human and mouse. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1247. [PMID: 28994820 PMCID: PMC5682605 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambra1 is linked to autophagy and neurodevelopment. Heterozygous Ambra1 deficiency induces autism-like behavior in a sexually dimorphic manner. Extraordinarily, autistic features are seen in female mice only, combined with stronger Ambra1 protein reduction in brain compared to males. However, significance of AMBRA1 for autistic phenotypes in humans and, apart from behavior, for other autism-typical features, namely early brain enlargement or increased seizure propensity, has remained unexplored. Here we show in two independent human samples that a single normal AMBRA1 genotype, the intronic SNP rs3802890-AA, is associated with autistic features in women, who also display lower AMBRA1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells relative to female GG carriers. Located within a non-coding RNA, likely relevant for mRNA and protein interaction, rs3802890 (A versus G allele) may affect its stability through modification of folding, as predicted by in silico analysis. Searching for further autism-relevant characteristics in Ambra1+/- mice, we observe reduced interest of female but not male mutants regarding pheromone signals of the respective other gender in the social intellicage set-up. Moreover, altered pentylentetrazol-induced seizure propensity, an in vivo readout of neuronal excitation-inhibition dysbalance, becomes obvious exclusively in female mutants. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals mild prepubertal brain enlargement in both genders, uncoupling enhanced brain dimensions from the primarily female expression of all other autistic phenotypes investigated here. These data support a role of AMBRA1/Ambra1 partial loss-of-function genotypes for female autistic traits. Moreover, they suggest Ambra1 heterozygous mice as a novel multifaceted and construct-valid genetic mouse model for female autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mitjans
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, UMG, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Ju
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E Dere
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - L Wüstefeld
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Hofer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - I Hassouna
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Balkenhol
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - B Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Tammer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Hammerschmidt
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Cecconi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia and Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Boretius
- Department of Functional Imaging, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute of Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T Dandekar
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany,Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen 37075, Germany. E-mail:
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23
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Ramos-Miguel A, Sawada K, Jones AA, Thornton AE, Barr AM, Leurgans SE, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Honer WG. Presynaptic proteins complexin-I and complexin-II differentially influence cognitive function in early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:395-407. [PMID: 27866231 PMCID: PMC6542594 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathology is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Differences in cognitive reserve may contribute to individual differences in cognitive function in the presence of comparable neuropathology. The protective effects of cognitive reserve could contribute differentially in early versus late stages of the disease. We investigated presynaptic proteins as measures of brain reserve (a subset of total cognitive reserve), and used Braak staging to estimate the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Antemortem evaluations of cognitive function, postmortem assessments of pathologic indices, and presynaptic protein analyses, including the complexins I and II as respective measures of inhibitory and excitatory terminal function, were assayed in multiple key brain regions in 418 deceased participants from a community study. After covarying for demographic variables, pathologic indices, and overall synapse density, lower brain complexin-I and -II levels contributed to cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.01). Each complexin appeared to be dysregulated at a different Braak stage. Inhibitory complexin-I explained 14.4% of the variance in global cognition in Braak 0-II, while excitatory complexin-II explained 7.3% of the variance in Braak V-VI. Unlike other presynaptic proteins, complexins did not colocalize with pathologic tau within neuritic plaques, suggesting that these functional components of the synaptic machinery are cleared early from dystrophic neurites. Moreover, complexin levels showed distinct patterns of change related to memory challenges in a rat model, supporting the functional specificity of these proteins. The present results suggest that disruption of inhibitory synaptic terminals may trigger early cognitive impairment, while excitatory terminal disruption may contribute relatively more to later cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Ken Sawada
- Kochi Prefectural Aki General Hospital, 3-33 Hoheicho, Kochi, 784-0027, Japan
| | - Andrea A Jones
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Allen E Thornton
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - William G Honer
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
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24
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Hypersocial behavior and biological redundancy in mice with reduced expression of PSD95 or PSD93. Behav Brain Res 2017; 352:35-45. [PMID: 28189758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The postsynaptic density proteins 95 (PSD95) and 93 (PSD93) belong to a family of scaffolding proteins, the membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs), which are highly enriched in synapses and responsible for organizing the numerous protein complexes required for synaptic development and plasticity. Genetic studies have associated MAGUKs with diseases like autism and schizophrenia, but knockout mice show severe, complex defects with difficult-to-interpret behavioral abnormalities due to major motor dysfunction which is atypical for psychiatric phenotypes. Therefore, rather than studying loss-of-function mutants, we comprehensively investigated the behavioral consequences of reduced PSD95 expression, using heterozygous PSD95 knockout mice (PSD95+/-). Specifically, we asked whether heterozygous PSD95 deficient mice would exhibit alterations in the processing of social stimuli and social behavior. Additionally, we investigated whether PSD95 and PSD93 would reveal any indication of functional or biological redundancy. Therefore, homozygous and heterozygous PSD93 deficient mice were examined in a similar behavioral battery as PSD95 mutants. We found robust hypersocial behavior in the dyadic interaction test in both PSD95+/- males and females. Additionally, male PSD95+/- mice exhibited higher levels of aggression and territoriality, while female PSD95+/- mice showed increased vocalization upon exposure to an anesthetized female mouse. Both male and female PSD95+/- mice revealed mild hypoactivity in the open field but no obvious motor deficit. Regarding PSD93 mutants, homozygous (but not heterozygous) knockout mice displayed prominent hypersocial behavior comparable to that observed in PSD95+/- mice, despite a more severe motor phenotype, which precluded several behavioral tests or their interpretation. Considering that PSD95 and PSD93 reduction provoke strikingly similar behavioral consequences, we explored a potential substitution effect and found increased PSD93 protein expression in hippocampal synaptic enrichment preparations of PSD95+/- mice. These data suggest that both PSD95 and PSD93 are involved in processing of social stimuli and control of social behavior. This important role may be partly assured by functional/behavioral and biological/biochemical redundancy.
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25
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Alural B, Genc S, Haggarty SJ. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders: Past, present, and future. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 73:87-103. [PMID: 27072377 PMCID: PMC5292013 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are common health problems affecting approximately 1% of the population. Twin, adoption, and family studies have displayed a strong genetic component for many of these disorders; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and neural substrates remain largely unknown. Given the critical need for new diagnostic markers and disease-modifying treatments, expanding the focus of genomic studies of neuropsychiatric disorders to include the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is of growing interest. Of known types of ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are 20-25-nucleotide, single-stranded, molecules that regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional mechanisms and have the potential to coordinately regulate complex regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on miRNA alteration/dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disorders, with a special emphasis on schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). With an eye toward the future, we also discuss the diagnostic and prognostic potential of miRNAs for neuropsychiatric disorders in the context of personalized treatments and network medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Alural
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sermin Genc
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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26
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Akiyama K, Saito S, Saito A, Ozeki Y, Watanabe T, Fujii K, Honda G, Shimoda K. Predictive value of premorbid IQ, negative symptoms, and age for cognitive and social functions in Japanese patients with schizophrenia: A study using the Japanese version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:663-671. [PMID: 27838018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enduring cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia represents a global health burden. The Japanese-language version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and the Japanese Adult Reading Test were administered to 288 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 308 unrelated healthy control subjects. The Japanese version of self-reported Social Functioning Scale (SFS) was administered to a subpopulation of 157 patients with schizophrenia. In patients with schizophrenia, premorbid IQ and age were significantly related to most of the BACS subdomains, composite score, and intra-individual variability of BACS subdomains, whereas negative symptoms were significantly related to all BACS indices. Dosages of the first-generation antipsychotics had a significant negative impact on Tower of London task and intra-individual variability of BACS subdomains. The relationship of symbol coding with age was significantly lower in patients than in healthy control subjects. Multiple regression analysis revealed that negative symptoms were significantly negatively related to the total SFS scale, whereas better performance of token motor task was associated with higher total SFS. The present study revealed the role of premorbid IQ, age, and negative symptoms in predicting cognitive performance, and the significant correlation of negative symptoms and token motor task with social function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Akiyama
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Saito
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street/Meyer 3-146, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yuji Ozeki
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Gyo Honda
- Seiseido Kohseikai, Mori Hospital, 419 Iidamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3210347, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shimoda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
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27
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Fiorentino A, O'Brien NL, Sharp SI, Curtis D, Bass NJ, McQuillin A. Genetic variation in the miR-708 gene and its binding targets in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:650-656. [PMID: 27864917 PMCID: PMC5244671 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE rs12576775 was found to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The GWAS signal implicates genes for the microRNAs miR-708 and miR-5579 and the first exon of the Odd Oz/ten-m homolog 4 gene (ODZ4). In the present study, miR-708, its surrounding region, and its targets were analyzed for potential BD-associated functional variants. METHODS The miR-708 gene and surrounding regions were screened for variation using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis in 1099 cases of BD, followed by genotyping of rare variants in an enlarged sample of 2078 subjects with BD, 1303 subjects with schizophrenia, and 1355 healthy controls. Whole-genome sequencing data from 99 subjects with BD were analyzed for variation in potential miR-708 binding sites. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of these variants were compared with those reported in reference individuals. RESULTS Three variants detected by HRM were selected to be genotyped. rs754333774 was detected in three cases of BD, two cases of schizophrenia, and no controls. This variant is located 260 base pairs upstream from miR-708 and may play a role in controlling the expression of the miR. Four variants were identified in miR-708 targets binding sites. The MAFs of each of these variants were similar in BD and reference samples. CONCLUSIONS We report a single recurrent variant located near the miR-708 gene that may have a role in BD and schizophrenia susceptibility. These findings await replication in independent cohorts, as do functional analyses of the potential consequences of this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fiorentino
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK,UCL Institute of OphthalmologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Niamh Louise O'Brien
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sally Isabel Sharp
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK,Centre for PsychiatryBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Nicholas James Bass
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- UCL Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryDivision of PsychiatryUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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28
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness which is experienced by about 1 % of individuals worldwide and has a debilitating impact on perception, cognition, and social function. Over the years, several models/hypotheses have been developed which link schizophrenia to dysregulations of the dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin receptor pathways. An important segment of these pathways that have been extensively studied for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is the presynaptic neurotransmitter release mechanism. This set of molecular events is an evolutionarily well-conserved process that involves vesicle recruitment, docking, membrane fusion, and recycling, leading to efficient neurotransmitter delivery at the synapse. Accumulated evidence indicate dysregulation of this mechanism impacting postsynaptic signal transduction via different neurotransmitters in key brain regions implicated in schizophrenia. In recent years, after ground-breaking work that elucidated the operations of this mechanism, research efforts have focused on the alterations in the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of presynaptic neurotransmitter release molecules in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric conditions. In this review article, we present recent evidence from schizophrenia human postmortem studies that key proteins involved in the presynaptic release mechanism are dysregulated in the disorder. We also discuss the potential impact of dysfunctional presynaptic neurotransmitter release on the various neurotransmitter systems implicated in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke N Egbujo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Duncan Sinclair
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker St, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Chang-Gyu Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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29
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Identification of Novel Key Molecules Involved in Spatial Memory Impairment in Triple Transgenic Mice of Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:3843-3858. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Stepniak B, Kästner A, Poggi G, Mitjans M, Begemann M, Hartmann A, Van der Auwera S, Sananbenesi F, Krueger-Burg D, Matuszko G, Brosi C, Homuth G, Völzke H, Benseler F, Bagni C, Fischer U, Dityatev A, Grabe HJ, Rujescu D, Fischer A, Ehrenreich H. Accumulated common variants in the broader fragile X gene family modulate autistic phenotypes. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1565-79. [PMID: 26612855 PMCID: PMC4693501 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is mostly caused by a CGG triplet expansion in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1). Up to 60% of affected males fulfill criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), making FXS the most frequent monogenetic cause of syndromic ASD. It is unknown, however, whether normal variants (independent of mutations) in the fragile X gene family (FMR1, FXR1, FXR2) and in FMR2 modulate autistic features. Here, we report an accumulation model of 8 SNPs in these genes, associated with autistic traits in a discovery sample of male patients with schizophrenia (N = 692) and three independent replicate samples: patients with schizophrenia (N = 626), patients with other psychiatric diagnoses (N = 111) and a general population sample (N = 2005). For first mechanistic insight, we contrasted microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of selected extreme group subjects with high‐ versus low‐risk constellation regarding the accumulation model. Thereby, the brain‐expressed miR‐181 species emerged as potential “umbrella regulator”, with several seed matches across the fragile X gene family and FMR2. To conclude, normal variation in these genes contributes to the continuum of autistic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Kästner
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giulia Poggi
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Farahnaz Sananbenesi
- Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Matuszko
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brosi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fritz Benseler
- Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Bagni
- KU Leuven, Center for Human Genetics and Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Leuven, Belgium Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Andre Fischer
- Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Modai S, Shomron N. Molecular Risk Factors for Schizophrenia. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:242-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Increased complexin-1 and decreased miR-185 expression levels in Behçet’s disease with and without neurological involvement. Neurol Sci 2015; 37:411-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Hammer C, Begemann M, McLaren PJ, Bartha I, Michel A, Klose B, Schmitt C, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Schulz TF, Ehrenreich H, Fellay J. Amino Acid Variation in HLA Class II Proteins Is a Major Determinant of Humoral Response to Common Viruses. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:738-43. [PMID: 26456283 PMCID: PMC4667104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of the human antibody response to viral antigens is highly variable. To explore the human genetic contribution to this variability, we performed genome-wide association studies of the immunoglobulin G response to 14 pathogenic viruses in 2,363 immunocompetent adults. Significant associations were observed in the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6 for influenza A virus, Epstein-Barr virus, JC polyomavirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Using local imputation and fine mapping, we identified specific amino acid residues in human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II proteins as the most probable causal variants underlying these association signals. Common HLA-DRβ1 haplotypes showed virus-specific patterns of humoral-response regulation. We observed an overlap between variants affecting the humoral response to influenza A and EBV and variants previously associated with autoimmune diseases related to these viruses. The results of this study emphasize the central and pathogen-specific role of HLA class II variation in the modulation of humoral immune response to viral antigens in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hammer
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul J McLaren
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - István Bartha
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infections and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Klose
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Schmitt
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infections and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Infections and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Geaghan M, Cairns MJ. MicroRNA and Posttranscriptional Dysregulation in Psychiatry. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:231-9. [PMID: 25636176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric syndromes, including schizophrenia, mood disorders, and autism spectrum disorders, are characterized by a complex range of symptoms, including psychosis, depression, mania, and cognitive deficits. Although the mechanisms driving pathophysiology are complex and remain largely unknown, advances in the understanding of gene association and gene networks are providing significant clues to their etiology. In recent years, small noncoding RNA molecules known as microRNA (miRNA) have emerged as potential players in the pathophysiology of mental illness. These small RNAs regulate hundreds of target transcripts by modifying their stability and translation on a broad scale, influencing entire gene networks in the process. There is evidence to suggest that numerous miRNAs are dysregulated in postmortem neuropathology of neuropsychiatric disorders, and there is strong genetic support for association of miRNA genes and their targets with these conditions. This review presents the accumulated evidence linking miRNA dysregulation and dysfunction with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorders and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutics for these disorders. We further assess the functional roles of some outstanding miRNAs associated with these conditions and how they may be influencing the development of psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Geaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.; Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia..
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Kästner A, Begemann M, Michel TM, Everts S, Stepniak B, Bach C, Poustka L, Becker J, Banaschewski T, Dose M, Ehrenreich H. Autism beyond diagnostic categories: characterization of autistic phenotypes in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 25968177 PMCID: PMC4436160 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral phenotypical continua from health to disease suggest common underlying mechanisms with quantitative rather than qualitative differences. Until recently, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia were considered distinct nosologic entities. However, emerging evidence contributes to the blurring of symptomatic and genetic boundaries between these conditions. The present study aimed at quantifying behavioral phenotypes shared by autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia to prepare the ground for biological pathway analyses. METHODS Specific items of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were employed and summed up to form a dimensional autism severity score (PAUSS). The score was created in a schizophrenia sample (N = 1156) and validated in adult high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients (N = 165). To this end, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Autism (AQ) and Empathy Quotient (EQ) self-rating questionnaires were applied back to back with the newly developed PAUSS. RESULTS PAUSS differentiated between ASD, schizophrenia and a disease-control sample and substantially correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Patients with ADOS scores ≥12 obtained highest, those with scores <7 lowest PAUSS values. AQ and EQ were not found to vary dependent on ADOS diagnosis. ROC curves for ADOS and PAUSS resulted in AuC values of 0.9 and 0.8, whereas AQ and EQ performed at chance level in the prediction of ASD. CONCLUSIONS This work underscores the convergence of schizophrenia negative symptoms and autistic phenotypes. PAUSS evolved as a measure capturing the continuous nature of autistic behaviors. The definition of extreme-groups based on the dimensional PAUSS may permit future investigations of genetic constellations modulating autistic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kästner
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Sarah Everts
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Beata Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christiane Bach
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Luise Poustka
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Joachim Becker
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Matthias Dose
- kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum Taufkirchen, Taufkirchen (Vils), Germany.
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
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Hass J, Walton E, Kirsten H, Turner J, Wolthusen R, Roessner V, Sponheim SR, Holt D, Gollub R, Calhoun VD, Ehrlich S. Complexin2 modulates working memory-related neural activity in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:137-45. [PMID: 25297695 PMCID: PMC4342303 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The specific contribution of risk or candidate gene variants to the complex phenotype of schizophrenia is largely unknown. Studying the effects of such variants on brain function can provide insight into disease-associated mechanisms on a neural systems level. Previous studies found common variants in the complexin2 (CPLX2) gene to be highly associated with cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. Similarly, cognitive functioning was found to be impaired in Cplx2 gene-deficient mice if they were subjected to maternal deprivation or mild brain trauma during puberty. Here, we aimed to study seven common CPLX2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their neurogenetic risk mechanisms by investigating their relationship to a schizophrenia-related functional neuroimaging intermediate phenotype. We examined functional MRI and genotype data collected from 104 patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia and 122 healthy controls who participated in the Mind Clinical Imaging Consortium study of schizophrenia. Seven SNPs distributed over the whole CPLX2 gene were tested for association with working memory-elicited neural activity in a frontoparietal neural network. Three CPLX2 SNPs were significantly associated with increased neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus in the schizophrenia sample, but showed no association in healthy controls. Since increased working memory-related neural activity in individuals with or at risk for schizophrenia has been interpreted as 'neural inefficiency,' these findings suggest that certain variants of CPLX2 may contribute to impaired brain function in schizophrenia, possibly combined with other deleterious genetic variants, adverse environmental events, or developmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,LIFE (Leipzig Interdisciplinary Research Cluster of Genetic Factors, Phenotypes and Environment), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rick Wolthusen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Department of Psychiatry and the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Daphne Holt
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Randy Gollub
- MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The MIND Research Network, Albuquerque, NM USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,MGH/MIT/HMS Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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37
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Hammer C, Wanitchakool P, Sirianant L, Papiol S, Monnheimer M, Faria D, Ousingsawat J, Schramek N, Schmitt C, Margos G, Michel A, Kraiczy P, Pawlita M, Schreiber R, Schulz TF, Fingerle V, Tumani H, Ehrenreich H, Kunzelmann K. A Coding Variant of ANO10, Affecting Volume Regulation of Macrophages, Is Associated with Borrelia Seropositivity. Mol Med 2015; 21:26-37. [PMID: 25730773 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a first genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach to anti-Borrelia seropositivity, we identified two significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs17850869, P = 4.17E-09; rs41289586, P = 7.18E-08). Both markers, located on chromosomes 16 and 3, respectively, are within or close to genes previously connected to spinocerebellar ataxia. The risk SNP rs41289586 represents a missense variant (R263H) of anoctamin 10 (ANO10), a member of a protein family encoding Cl(-) channels and phospholipid scramblases. ANO10 augments volume-regulated Cl(-) currents (IHypo) in Xenopus oocytes, HEK293 cells, lymphocytes and macrophages and controls volume regulation by enhancing regulatory volume decrease (RVD). ANO10 supports migration of macrophages and phagocytosis of spirochetes. The R263H variant is inhibitory on IHypo, RVD and intracellular Ca(2+) signals, which may delay spirochete clearance, thereby sensitizing adaptive immunity. Our data demonstrate for the first time that ANO10 has a central role in innate immune defense against Borrelia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Lalida Sirianant
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Monnheimer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana Faria
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Corinna Schmitt
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriele Margos
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Angelika Michel
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infections and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infections and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Fingerle
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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38
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Tantra M, Hammer C, Kästner A, Dahm L, Begemann M, Bodda C, Hammerschmidt K, Giegling I, Stepniak B, Castillo Venzor A, Konte B, Erbaba B, Hartmann A, Tarami A, Schulz-Schaeffer W, Rujescu D, Mannan AU, Ehrenreich H. Mild expression differences of MECP2 influencing aggressive social behavior. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:662-84. [PMID: 24648499 PMCID: PMC4023888 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-chromosomal MECP2/Mecp2 gene encodes methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, a transcriptional activator and repressor regulating many other genes. We discovered in male FVB/N mice that mild (∼50%) transgenic overexpression of Mecp2 enhances aggression. Surprisingly, when the same transgene was expressed in C57BL/6N mice, transgenics showed reduced aggression and social interaction. This suggests that Mecp2 modulates aggressive social behavior. To test this hypothesis in humans, we performed a phenotype-based genetic association study (PGAS) in >1000 schizophrenic individuals. We found MECP2 SNPs rs2239464 (G/A) and rs2734647 (C/T; 3′UTR) associated with aggression, with the G and C carriers, respectively, being more aggressive. This finding was replicated in an independent schizophrenia cohort. Allele-specific MECP2mRNA expression differs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by ∼50% (rs2734647: C > T). Notably, the brain-expressed, species-conserved miR-511 binds to MECP2 3′UTR only in T carriers, thereby suppressing gene expression. To conclude, subtle MECP2/Mecp2 expression alterations impact aggression. While the mouse data provides evidence of an interaction between genetic background and mild Mecp2 overexpression, the human data convey means by which genetic variation affects MECP2 expression and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martesa Tantra
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Hommers LG, Domschke K, Deckert J. Heterogeneity and individuality: microRNAs in mental disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:79-97. [PMID: 25395183 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are about 22 nucleotide long single-stranded RNA molecules, negatively regulating gene expression of a single gene or a gene network. In neural tissues, they have been implicated in developmental and neuroplasticity-related processes, such as neurogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis and long-term potentiation. Their molecular mode of action is reminiscent of findings of genome-wide association studies in mental disorders, unable to attribute the risk of disease to a specific gene, but rather to multiple genes, gene-networks and gene-environment interaction. As such, microRNAs are an attractive target for research. Here, we review clinical studies conducted in humans on microRNAs in mental disorders with a particular focus on schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The majority of clinical studies have focused on schizophrenia. The most robust finding has been reported for rs1625579 located in MIR137HG, which was associated with schizophrenia on a genome-wide level. Concerning bipolar disorder, major depression and anxiety disorders, promising results have been published, but only a considerably smaller number of clinical studies is available and genome-wide association studies did not suggest a direct link to microRNAs so far. Expression of microRNAs as biomarkers of mental disorders and treatment response is currently emerging with preliminary results. Larger-scaled genetic and functional studies along with translational research are needed to enhance our understanding of microRNAs in mental disorders. These studies will aid in disentangling the complex genetic nature of these disorders and possibly contribute to the development of novel, individualized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif G Hommers
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany,
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40
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Stepniak B, Papiol S, Hammer C, Ramin A, Everts S, Hennig L, Begemann M, Ehrenreich H. Accumulated environmental risk determining age at schizophrenia onset: a deep phenotyping-based study. Lancet Psychiatry 2014; 1:444-53. [PMID: 26361199 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, as first evidenced by twin studies. Extensive efforts have been made to identify the genetic roots of schizophrenia, including large genome-wide association studies, but these yielded very small effect sizes for individual markers. In this study, we aimed to assess the relative contribution of genome-wide association study-derived genetic versus environmental risk factors to crucial determinants of schizophrenia severity: disease onset, disease severity, and socioeconomic measures. METHODS In this parallel analysis, we studied 750 male patients from the Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia (GRAS) dataset (Germany) with schizophrenia for whom both genome-wide coverage of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and deep clinical phenotyping data were available. Specifically, we investigated the potential effect of schizophrenia risk alleles as identified in the most recent large genome-wide association study versus the effects of environmental hazards (ie, perinatal brain insults, cannabis use, neurotrauma, psychotrauma, urbanicity, and migration), alone and upon accumulation, on age at disease onset, age at prodrome, symptom expression, and socioeconomic parameters. FINDINGS In this study, we could show that frequent environmental factors become a major risk for early schizophrenia onset when accumulated (prodrome begins up to 9 years earlier; p=2·9×10(-10)). In particular, cannabis use-an avoidable environmental risk factor-is highly significantly associated with earlier age at prodrome (p=3·8×10(-20)). By contrast, polygenic genome-wide association study risk scores did not have any detectable effects on schizophrenia phenotypes. INTERPRETATION These findings should be translated to preventive measures to reduce environmental risk factors, since age at onset of schizophrenia is a crucial determinant of an affected individual's fate and the total socioeconomic cost of the illness. FUNDING German Research Foundation (Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain), Max Planck Society, Max Planck Förderstiftung, EXTRABRAIN EU-FP7, ERA-NET NEURON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergi Papiol
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Ramin
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Everts
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Hennig
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
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41
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Hammer C, Stepniak B, Schneider A, Papiol S, Tantra M, Begemann M, Sirén AL, Pardo LA, Sperling S, Mohd Jofrry S, Gurvich A, Jensen N, Ostmeier K, Lühder F, Probst C, Martens H, Gillis M, Saher G, Assogna F, Spalletta G, Stöcker W, Schulz TF, Nave KA, Ehrenreich H. Neuropsychiatric disease relevance of circulating anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies depends on blood-brain barrier integrity. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1143-9. [PMID: 23999527 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, a multifaceted syndrome, associated with anti-NMDA receptor autoantibodies (NMDAR-AB) of immunoglobulin-G isotype, has been described, which variably consists of psychosis, epilepsy, cognitive decline and extrapyramidal symptoms. Prevalence and significance of NMDAR-AB in complex neuropsychiatric disease versus health, however, have remained unclear. We tested sera of 2817 subjects (1325 healthy, 1081 schizophrenic, 263 Parkinson and 148 affective-disorder subjects) for presence of NMDAR-AB, conducted a genome-wide genetic association study, comparing AB carriers versus non-carriers, and assessed their influenza AB status. For mechanistic insight and documentation of AB functionality, in vivo experiments involving mice with deficient blood-brain barrier (ApoE(-/-)) and in vitro endocytosis assays in primary cortical neurons were performed. In 10.5% of subjects, NMDAR-AB (NR1 subunit) of any immunoglobulin isotype were detected, with no difference in seroprevalence, titer or in vitro functionality between patients and healthy controls. Administration of extracted human serum to mice influenced basal and MK-801-induced activity in the open field only in ApoE(-/-) mice injected with NMDAR-AB-positive serum but not in respective controls. Seropositive schizophrenic patients with a history of neurotrauma or birth complications, indicating an at least temporarily compromised blood-brain barrier, had more neurological abnormalities than seronegative patients with comparable history. A common genetic variant (rs524991, P=6.15E-08) as well as past influenza A (P=0.024) or B (P=0.006) infection were identified as predisposing factors for NMDAR-AB seropositivity. The >10% overall seroprevalence of NMDAR-AB of both healthy individuals and patients is unexpectedly high. Clinical significance, however, apparently depends on association with past or present perturbations of blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Schneider
- 1] Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [3] German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Papiol
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Tantra
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A-L Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L A Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sperling
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Mohd Jofrry
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Gurvich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Jensen
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K Ostmeier
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Lühder
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Hertie Foundation, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H Martens
- Synaptic Systems GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Gillis
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F Assogna
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - G Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - W Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - T F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - K-A Nave
- 1] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany [2] Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- 1] Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany [2] DFG Research Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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Li HY, Ruan YW, Ren CR, Cui Q, So KF. Mechanisms of secondary degeneration after partial optic nerve transection. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:565-74. [PMID: 25206855 PMCID: PMC4146235 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.130093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary degeneration occurs commonly in the central nervous system after traumatic injuries and following acute and chronic diseases, including glaucoma. A constellation of mechanisms have been shown to be associated with secondary degeneration including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, derangements in ionic homeostasis and calcium influx. Glial cells, such as microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, have also been demonstrated to take part in the process of secondary injury. Partial optic nerve transection is a useful model which was established about 13 years ago. The merit of this model compared with other optic nerve injury models used for glaucoma study, including complete optic nerve transection model and optic nerve crush model, is the possibility to separate primary degeneration from secondary degeneration in location. Therefore, it provides a good tool for the study of secondary degeneration. This review will focus on the research progress of the mechanisms of secondary degeneration using partial optic nerve transection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China ; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yi-Wen Ruan
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chao-Ran Ren
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Cui
- GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China ; GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China ; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Dahm L, Ott C, Steiner J, Stepniak B, Teegen B, Saschenbrecker S, Hammer C, Borowski K, Begemann M, Lemke S, Rentzsch K, Probst C, Martens H, Wienands J, Spalletta G, Weissenborn K, Stöcker W, Ehrenreich H. Seroprevalence of autoantibodies against brain antigens in health and disease. Ann Neurol 2014; 76:82-94. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Dahm
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Christoph Ott
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Magdeburg; Magdeburg Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Beata Stepniak
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Bianca Teegen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated with Euroimmun; Lübeck Germany
| | | | - Christian Hammer
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Kathrin Borowski
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated with Euroimmun; Lübeck Germany
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
| | - Sandra Lemke
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated with Euroimmun; Lübeck Germany
| | - Kristin Rentzsch
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated with Euroimmun; Lübeck Germany
| | - Christian Probst
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated with Euroimmun; Lübeck Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology; Georg August University; Göttingen Germany
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation; Rome Italy
| | | | - Winfried Stöcker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated with Euroimmun; Lübeck Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience; Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine; Göttingen Germany
- DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain; Göttingen Germany
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Kolshus E, Dalton VS, Ryan KM, McLoughlin DM. When less is more--microRNAs and psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2014; 129:241-56. [PMID: 23952691 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, including genes involved in neuronal function and plasticity that have relevance for brain function and mental health. We therefore performed a systematic review of miRNAs in general adult psychiatric disorders. METHOD Systematic searches in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science were conducted to identify published clinical articles on microRNAs in general adult psychiatric disorders. We also reviewed references from included articles. RESULTS There is mounting evidence of microRNAs' regulatory roles in a number of central nervous system processes, including neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The majority of clinical studies of microRNAs in psychiatric disorders are in schizophrenia, where a number of specific microRNAs have been identified in separate studies. There is some evidence of marked downregulation of some microRNAs in affective disorders. Treatment with antidepressants appears to upregulate microRNA levels. There is currently little evidence from human studies in anxiety, addiction or other psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION MicroRNA research in psychiatry is currently in a nascent period, but represents an emerging and exciting area, with the potential to clarify molecular mechanisms of disease and identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kolshus
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Maffioletti E, Tardito D, Gennarelli M, Bocchio-Chiavetto L. Micro spies from the brain to the periphery: new clues from studies on microRNAs in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:75. [PMID: 24653674 PMCID: PMC3949217 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (20-22 nucleotides) playing a major role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs are predicted to regulate more than 50% of all the protein-coding genes. Increasing evidence indicates that they may play key roles in the biological pathways that regulate neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, as well as in neurotransmitter homeostasis in the adult brain. In this article we review recent studies suggesting that miRNAs may be involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders and in the action of psychotropic drugs, in particular by analyzing the contribution of genomic studies in patients' peripheral tissues. Alterations in miRNA expression have been observed in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, intriguing findings concern the identification of disease-associated miRNA signatures in peripheral tissues, or modifications in miRNA profiles induced by drug treatments. Furthermore, genetic variations in miRNA sequences and miRNA-related genes have been described in neuropsychiatric diseases. Overall, though still at a preliminary stage, several lines of evidence indicate an involvement of miRNAs in both the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this regard, the data obtained in peripheral tissues may provide further insights into the etiopathogenesis of several brain diseases and contribute to identify new biomarkers for diagnostic assessment improvement and treatment personalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Maffioletti
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBrescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tardito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio FatebenefratelliBrescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of BresciaBrescia, Italy
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Ehrenreich H, Nave KA. Phenotype-Based Genetic Association Studies (PGAS)-Towards Understanding the Contribution of Common Genetic Variants to Schizophrenia Subphenotypes. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:97-105. [PMID: 24705289 PMCID: PMC3978514 DOI: 10.3390/genes5010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric diseases ranging from schizophrenia to affective disorders and autism are heritable, highly complex and heterogeneous conditions, diagnosed purely clinically, with no supporting biomarkers or neuroimaging criteria. Relying on these "umbrella diagnoses", genetic analyses, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), were undertaken but failed to provide insight into the biological basis of these disorders. "Risk genotypes" of unknown significance with low odds ratios of mostly <1.2 were extracted and confirmed by including ever increasing numbers of individuals in large multicenter efforts. Facing these results, we have to hypothesize that thousands of genetic constellations in highly variable combinations with environmental co-factors can cause the individual disorder in the sense of a final common pathway. This would explain why the prevalence of mental diseases is so high and why mutations, including copy number variations, with a higher effect size than SNPs, constitute only a small part of variance. Elucidating the contribution of normal genetic variation to (disease) phenotypes, and so re-defining disease entities, will be extremely labor-intense but crucial. We have termed this approach PGAS ("phenotype-based genetic association studies"). Ultimate goal is the definition of biological subgroups of mental diseases. For that purpose, the GRAS (Göttingen Research Association for Schizophrenia) data collection was initiated in 2005. With >3000 phenotypical data points per patient, it comprises the world-wide largest currently available schizophrenia database (N > 1200), combining genome-wide SNP coverage and deep phenotyping under highly standardized conditions. First PGAS results on normal genetic variants, relevant for e.g., cognition or catatonia, demonstrated proof-of-concept. Presently, an autistic subphenotype of schizophrenia is being defined where an unfortunate accumulation of normal genotypes, so-called pro-autistic variants of synaptic genes, explains part of the phenotypical variance. Deep phenotyping and comprehensive clinical data sets, however, are expensive and it may take years before PGAS will complement conventional GWAS approaches in psychiatric genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str.3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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47
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Deconstructing complexin function in activating and clamping Ca2+-triggered exocytosis by comparing knockout and knockdown phenotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20777-82. [PMID: 24297916 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321367110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexin, a presynaptic protein that avidly binds to assembled SNARE complexes, is widely acknowledged to activate Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis. In addition, studies of invertebrate complexin mutants and of mouse neurons with a double knockdown (DKD) of complexin-1 and -2 suggested that complexin maintains the readily releasable pool (RRP) of vesicles and clamps spontaneous exocytosis. In contrast, studies of mouse neurons with a double knockout (DKO) of complexin-1 and -2, largely carried out in hippocampal autapses, did not detect changes in the RRP size or in spontaneous exocytosis. To clarify complexin function, we here directly compared in two different preparations, cultured cortical and olfactory bulb neurons, the phenotypes of complexin DKD and DKO neurons. We find that complexin-deficient DKD and DKO neurons invariably exhibit a ~50% decrease in vesicle priming. Moreover, the DKD consistently increased spontaneous exocytosis, but the DKO did so in cortical but not olfactory bulb neurons. Furthermore, the complexin DKD but not the complexin DKO caused a compensatory increase in complexin-3 and -4 mRNA levels; overexpression of complexin-3 but not complexin-1 increased spontaneous exocytosis. Complexin-3 but not complexin-1 contains a C-terminal lipid anchor attaching it to the plasma membrane; addition of a similar lipid anchor to complexin-1 converted complexin-1 from a clamp into an activator of spontaneous exocytosis. Viewed together, our data suggest that complexin generally functions in priming and Ca(2+) triggering of exocytosis, and additionally contributes to the control of spontaneous exocytosis dependent on the developmental history of a neuron and on the subcellular localization of the complexin.
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48
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Koldamova R, Schug J, Lefterova M, Cronican AA, Fitz NF, Davenport FA, Carter A, Castranio EL, Lefterov I. Genome-wide approaches reveal EGR1-controlled regulatory networks associated with neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 63:107-14. [PMID: 24269917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response gene 1 (Egr1) is a member of the immediate early gene (IEG) family of transcription factors and plays a role in memory formation. To identify EGR1 target genes in brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice - APP23, we applied chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq). Functional annotation of genes associated with EGR1 binding revealed a set of related networks including synaptic vesicle transport, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), intracellular membrane fusion and transmission of signals elicited by Ca(2+) influx. EGR1 binding is associated with significant enrichment of activating chromatin marks and appears enriched near genes that are up-regulated in the brains of APP23 mice. Among the putative EGR1 targets identified and validated in this study are genes related to synaptic plasticity and transport of proteins, such as Arc, Grin1, Syn2, Vamp2 and Stx6, and genes implicated in AD such as Picalm, Psen2 and App. We also demonstrate a potential regulatory link between EGR1 and its newly identified targets in vivo, since conditions that up-regulate Egr1 levels in brain, such as a spatial memory test, also lead to increased expression of the targets. On the other hand, protein levels of EGR1 and ARC, SYN2, STX6 and PICALM are significantly lower in the brain of adult APP mice than in age-matched wild type animals. The results of this study suggest that EGR1 regulates the expression of genes involved in CME, vesicular transport and synaptic transmission that may be critical for AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Functional Genomics Core, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Lefterova
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea A Cronican
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Faith A Davenport
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Alexis Carter
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Emilie L Castranio
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Kuratomi G, Saito A, Ozeki Y, Watanabe T, Fujii K, Shimoda K, Inukai T, Mori H, Ohmori K, Akiyama K. Association of the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 4 (HPS4) gene variants with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:276. [PMID: 24168225 PMCID: PMC3819706 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Type 4 (HPS4) gene, which encodes a subunit protein of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC)-3, which is involved in late endosomal trafficking, is associated with schizophrenia; however, its clinical relevance in schizophrenia remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether HPS4 is associated with cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and with the clinical profiles of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS We investigated the association of variants of HPS4 with clinical symptoms and cognitive function in Japanese patients with schizophrenia (n = 240) and age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 240) with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)- or haplotype-based linear regression. We analyzed five tagging SNPs (rs4822724, rs61276843, rs9608491, rs713998, and rs2014410) of HPS4 and 2-5 locus haplotypes of these five SNPs. The cognitive functions of patients and healthy subjects were evaluated with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese-language version, and the patients were assessed for their symptomatology with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). RESULTS In patients with schizophrenia, rs713998 was significantly associated with executive function under the dominant genetic model (P = 0.0073). In healthy subjects, there was a significant association between working memory and two individual SNPs under the recessive model (rs9608491: P = 0.001; rs713998: P = 0.0065) and two haplotypes (rs9608491-713998: P = 0.0025; rs61276843-9608491-713998: P = 0.0064). No significant association was found between HPS4 SNPs and PANSS scores or premorbid IQ, as measured by the Japanese version of the National Adult Reading Test. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested the involvement of HPS4 in the working memory of healthy subjects and in the executive function deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kuratomi
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Yuji Ozeki
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shimoda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Inukai
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hematology), Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama 3438555, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mori
- Mori Hospital, 419 Iidamachi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3210347, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohmori
- Takizawa Hospital, 2-29 Hanabusahoncho Utsunomiya, Tochigi 3200828, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Akiyama
- Department of Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3210293, Japan.
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50
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Wojcik SM, Tantra M, Stepniak B, Man KNM, Müller-Ribbe K, Begemann M, Ju A, Papiol S, Ronnenberg A, Gurvich A, Shin Y, Augustin I, Brose N, Ehrenreich H. Genetic markers of a Munc13 protein family member, BAIAP3, are gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine abuse in mice and humans. Mol Med 2013; 19:135-48. [PMID: 23698091 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders and substance abuse, including benzodiazepine use disorder, frequently occur together. Unfortunately, treatment of anxiety disorders still includes benzodiazepines, and patients with an existing comorbid benzodiazepine use disorder or a genetic susceptibility for benzodiazepine use disorder may be at risk of adverse treatment outcomes. The identification of genetic predictors for anxiety disorders, and especially for benzodiazepine use disorder, could aid the selection of the best treatment option and improve clinical outcomes. The brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor I-associated protein 3 (Baiap3) is a member of the mammalian uncoordinated 13 (Munc13) protein family of synaptic regulators of neurotransmitter exocytosis, with a striking expression pattern in amygdalae, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Deletion of Baiap3 in mice leads to enhanced seizure propensity and increased anxiety, with the latter being more pronounced in female than in male animals. We hypothesized that genetic variation in human BAIAP3 may also be associated with anxiety. By using a phenotype-based genetic association study, we identified two human BAIAP3 single-nucleotide polymorphism risk genotypes (AA for rs2235632, TT for rs1132358) that show a significant association with anxiety in women and, surprisingly, with benzodiazepine abuse in men. Returning to mice, we found that male, but not female, Baiap3 knockout (KO) mice develop tolerance to diazepam more quickly than control animals. Analysis of cultured Baiap3 KO hypothalamus slices revealed an increase in basal network activity and an altered response to diazepam withdrawal. Thus, Baiap3/BAIAP3 is gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine use disorder, and the analysis of Baiap3/BAIAP3-related functions may help elucidate mechanisms underlying the development of both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Wojcik
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Göttingen, Germany.
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