1
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Abeywickrama HM, Uchiyama M, Sumiyoshi T, Okuda A, Koyama Y. The role of zinc on nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults: a scoping review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:988-1011. [PMID: 37550266 PMCID: PMC11163457 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) deficiency, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty are prevalent among older adults and are prominent factors contributing to disability and mortality. OBJECTIVE This scoping review was conducted to aid understanding of the extent and types of research addressing the role of Zn in nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty, among older individuals. METHOD A systematic search was performed in August 2022 of 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest) using predefined search terms. The review was conducted referring to the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR. RESULTS The search retrieved 16 018 records, and a total of 49 studies were included in this review after the screening. Of those, 30 were based on dietary Zn intake, 18 on tissue Zn levels, and 1 on both. Most studies were based on cross-sectional data from community-dwelling older adults. Studies addressing the associations between Zn status and individual anthropometric and sarcopenia-related variables reported inconsistent results. However, most studies reported inverse associations between malnutrition, frailty, and Zn status. CONCLUSION There was more consistent evidence of the relationship of Zn status with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty rather than with individual nutritional parameters. Validated screening and assessment tools and criteria and prospective studies are required to elucidate the relationship of Zn with sarcopenia and frailty in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mieko Uchiyama
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sumiyoshi
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiko Okuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yu Koyama
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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2
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Hahm JH, Nirmala FS, Ha TY, Ahn J. Nutritional approaches targeting mitochondria for the prevention of sarcopenia. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:676-694. [PMID: 37475189 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A decline in function and loss of mass, a condition known as sarcopenia, is observed in the skeletal muscles with aging. Sarcopenia has a negative effect on the quality of life of elderly. Individuals with sarcopenia are at particular risk for adverse outcomes, such as reduced mobility, fall-related injuries, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is multifaceted, mitochondrial dysfunction is regarded as a major contributor for muscle aging. Hence, the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function during aging is imperative for sarcopenia treatment. However, effective and specific drugs that can be used for the treatment are not yet approved. Instead studies on the relationship between food intake and muscle aging have suggested that nutritional intake or dietary control could be an alternative approach for the amelioration of muscle aging. This narrative review approaches various nutritional components and diets as a treatment for sarcopenia by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and improving mitochondria. Age-related changes in mitochondrial function and the molecular mechanisms that help improve mitochondrial homeostasis are discussed, and the nutritional components and diet that modulate these molecular mechanisms are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hoon Hahm
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Farida S Nirmala
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Aging and Metabolism, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si, South Korea
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3
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Kato N, Kimoto A, Zhang P, Bumrungkit C, Karunaratne S, Yanaka N, Kumrungsee T. Relationship of Low Vitamin B6 Status with Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Mortality: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:177. [PMID: 38202006 PMCID: PMC10780671 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marginal vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency is a widespread global concern. Inadequate B6 levels have been linked to an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In recent years, the growing concern over sarcopenia (the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength) and frailty (a decline in physiological resilience and increased vulnerability associated with aging) is particularly relevant due to the emergence of super-aged societies in developed countries. Notably, among the thirty-one studies included in this review, twenty-five showed a significant association of B6 status with sarcopenia, frailty, and all-cause mortality in adults (p < 0.05), while six showed no association. Emerging studies have suggested novel mechanisms underlying this association. These mechanisms involve P2X7 receptor-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, AMPK signaling, PD-L1 signaling, and satellite cell-mediated myogenesis. Furthermore, the modulation of PLP-dependent enzymes due to B6 deficiency is associated with impaired metabolic processes, affecting energy utilization, imidazole peptide production, and hydrogen sulfide production, as well as the kynurenine pathway, all of which play vital roles in skeletal muscle health and pathophysiology. This narrative review provides an up-to-date assessment of our current understanding of the potential role of nutritional B6 status in combating sarcopenia, frailty, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (C.B.); (S.K.); (N.Y.)
| | - Akiko Kimoto
- Faculty of Health of Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima 731-3166, Japan;
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chanikan Bumrungkit
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (C.B.); (S.K.); (N.Y.)
| | - Sajith Karunaratne
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (C.B.); (S.K.); (N.Y.)
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (C.B.); (S.K.); (N.Y.)
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; (C.B.); (S.K.); (N.Y.)
- Graduate School of Innovation and Practice for Smart Society, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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4
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Vega-Cabello V, Caballero FF, Lana A, Arias-Fernandez L, Banegas JR, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Lopez-Garcia E, Struijk EA. Association of zinc intake with risk of impaired physical function and frailty among older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:2015-2022. [PMID: 35034112 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc could be a target nutrient in the prevention of physical impairment and frailty in older adults due to its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant properties. However, prospective studies evaluating this inquiry are scarce. Thus, we aimed to assess the association between zinc intake and impaired lower-extremity function (ILEF) and frailty among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We examined 2,963 adults aged ≥60 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. At baseline (2008-2010) and subsequent follow-up (2012), zinc intake (mg/d) was estimated with a validated computerized face-to-face diet history and adjusted for total energy intake. From 2012 to 2017, the occurrence of ILEF was ascertained with the Short Physical Performance Battery, and of frailty according to the Fried phenotype criteria. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for relevant confounders, including lifestyle, comorbidity, and dietary factors. RESULTS During follow-up, we identified 515 incident cases of ILEF and 241 of frailty. Compared to participants in the lowest tertile of zinc intake (3.99-8.36 mg/d), those in the highest tertile (9.51-21.2 mg/d) had a lower risk of ILEF [fully-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.75 (0.58-0.97); p for trend: 0.03] and of frailty [0.63 (0.44-0.92); p for trend: 0.02]. No differences in the association were seen by strata of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS Higher zinc intake was prospectively associated with a lower risk of ILEF and frailty among older adults, suggesting that adequate zinc intake, that can be achieved through a healthy diet, may help preserve physical function and reduce the progression to frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vega-Cabello
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Félix Caballero
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Lucia Arias-Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad de Oviedo/ISPA, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ellen A Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
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Guaita A, Brunelli L, Davin A, Poloni TE, Vaccaro R, Gagliardi S, Pansarasa O, Cereda C. Homocysteine, Folic Acid, Cyanocobalamin, and Frailty in Older People: Findings From the “Invece. Ab” Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:775803. [PMID: 34975530 PMCID: PMC8717775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.775803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is an important age-related syndrome associated with several adverse health outcomes. Its biological basis is undefined. Raised plasma homocysteine (HOcy) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, dementia, cognitive impairment, and mortality, but little is known about the possible role of plasma HOcy, cyanocobalamin (B12), and folate (FO levels in the development of frailty. Our first aim was to explore the possible association between frailty and plasma concentrations of HOcy, FO, and B12 in a cohort of community-dwelling older people. The second was to assess the influence of these metabolic factors on six-year incidence of frailty in the 875 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study (those with a full follow-up dataset). This research is based on data from three waves – 2012 (herein taken as baseline), 2014, and 2018 – of a longitudinal study (InveCe.Ab) in which non-frail men and women born between 1935 and 1939 underwent multidimensional assessments. Frailty was estimated using a deficit accumulation-based frailty index (FI). HOcy concentration was significantly positively correlated with FI at all timepoints, while B12 and FO levels were not. Plasma concentration of HOcy emerged as a predictor of six-year cumulative incidence of frailty, independent of age, sex, and education, while B12 and FO levels showed no relationship with frailty incidence. Individuals with plasma HOcy in the top quintile showed five months less frailty-free survival (HR 1.487; 95% CI: 1.063–2.078), regardless of age, sex, and education. These results demonstrate that higher HOcy is a risk factor for frailty onset in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guaita
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Guaita,
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Davin
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Roberta Vaccaro
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Epidemiological and Neuropathological Laboratories, Golgi Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, Italy
- Department of Woman, Mother and Newborn, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, “V. Buzzi” Children Hospital, Milan, Italy
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6
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Gau JT, Chavan B, Li Y, Clark BC, Haile ZT. Association between serum zinc levels and basic physical functioning: secondary data analysis of NHANES 2011-14. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:57. [PMID: 34629117 PMCID: PMC8504005 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum zinc (Zn) levels have been shown to be associated with functional status; however, it is not clear whether this association differs by other sociodemographic characteristics. We examined the association between serum Zn levels and physical functioning difficulty in a representative sample of older adults in the US. Design and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants 50 years and older from the 2011–12 and 2013–14 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (n = 1136). Serum Zn levels were analyzed as tertiles. The main outcome of interest was physical functioning difficulty, defined as self-reported difficulty of basic physical functioning that included walking, transferring, dressing, and feeding. Results Mean Zn levels (SE) were 0.67(0.1), 0.81(0.1), and 0.98(0.1) μg/mL in the low, middle, and high Zn groups, respectively. Approximately 24.9% participants reported physical functioning difficulty. In the multivariable model, we found a significant multiplicative interaction between sex and serum Zn (P for interaction =0.028) and between education and serum Zn (P for interaction = 0.001) on basic physical functioning difficulty. The stratified analysis revealed that among men, compared to those with low serum Zn, the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were lower in men who had high serum Zn [aOR 0.43 (95% CI: 0.25–0.76)]. For women, compared to those with low serum Zn the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were higher in women who had middle serum Zn [aOR 2.67 (1.58–4.50)]. Among individuals with less than high school education, the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were lower in those who had middle serum Zn compared to those who had low serum Zn [aOR 0.48 (0.26–0.89)]. However, the odds of having physical functioning difficulty were higher in those who had middle serum Zn compared to those who had low serum Zn for individuals with high school [aOR 5.72 (1.92–17.00)] and beyond high school education [aOR 1.77 (1.05–2.97)], respectively. Conclusion Sex and educational attainment interact with serum Zn levels to influence basic physical functioning difficulty in older adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-021-00461-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Tzer Gau
- Department of Primary Care, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine (HCOM), Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Bhakti Chavan
- Office of Research and Grants, HCOM, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, HCOM, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Brian C Clark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, HCOM, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Zelalem T Haile
- Department of Social Medicine, HCOM, Dublin campus, Ohio University, Dublin, OH, 43016, USA.
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7
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Lisko I, Kulmala J, Annetorp M, Ngandu T, Mangialasche F, Kivipelto M. How can dementia and disability be prevented in older adults: where are we today and where are we going? J Intern Med 2021; 289:807-830. [PMID: 33314384 PMCID: PMC8248434 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing of the population, together with population growth, has brought along an ample increase in the number of older individuals living with dementia and disabilities. Dementia is the main cause of disability in old age, and promoting healthy brain ageing is considered as a key element in diminishing the burden of age-related disabilities. The World Health Organization recently launched the first risk reduction guidelines for cognitive impairment and dementia. According to recent estimates, approximately 40% of dementia cases worldwide could be attributable to 12 modifiable risk factors: low education; midlife hypertension and obesity; diabetes, smoking, excessive alcohol use, physical inactivity, depression, low social contact, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury and air pollution indicating clear prevention potential. Dementia and physical disability are closely linked with shared risk factors and possible shared underlying mechanisms supporting the possibility of integrated preventive interventions. FINGER trial was the first large randomized controlled trial indicating that multidomain lifestyle-based intervention can prevent cognitive and functional decline amongst at-risk older adults from the general population. Within the World-Wide FINGERS network, the multidomain FINGER concept is now tested and adapted worldwide proving evidence and tools for effective and easily implementable preventive strategies. Close collaboration between researchers, policymakers and healthcare practitioners, involvement of older adults and utilization of new technologies to support self-management is needed to facilitate the implementation of the research findings. In this scoping review, we present the current scientific evidence in the field of dementia and disability prevention and discuss future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Lisko
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research CenterUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - J. Kulmala
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Public Health Promotion UnitFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- School of Health Care and Social WorkSeinäjoki University of Applied SciencesSeinäjokiFinland
| | - M. Annetorp
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme AgingStockholmSweden
| | - T. Ngandu
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Public Health Promotion UnitFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - F. Mangialasche
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Aging Research CenterDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - M. Kivipelto
- From theDivision of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme AgingStockholmSweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical NutritionUniversity of Eastern FinlandHelsinkiFinland
- Ageing and Epidemiology (AGE) Research UnitSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
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8
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An R, Nickols-Richardson SM, Alston RJ, Shen S, Clarke C. Fresh- and lean-pork intake in relation to functional limitations among US older adults, 2005-2016. Nutr Health 2020; 26:295-301. [PMID: 32674655 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020940121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pork consumption, in particular fresh/lean-pork consumption, provides protein and other essential micronutrients that older adults need daily and may hold the potential to prevent functional limitations resulting from sub-optimal nutrition. AIM Assess fresh/lean-pork intake in relation to functional limitations among older adults in the USA. METHODS Individual-level data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016 waves. Nineteen validated questions assessed five functional limitation domains: activities of daily living (ADLs); instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs); leisure and social activities (LSAs); lower extremity mobility (LEM); and general physical activities (GPAs). Logistic regressions were performed to examine pork, fresh-pork and fresh lean-pork intake in relation to functional limitations among NHANES older adults (n = 6135). RESULTS Approximately 21, 18 and 16% of older adults consumed pork, fresh pork and fresh lean pork, respectively. An increase in pork consumption by 1 oz-equivalent/day was associated with a reduced odds of ADLs by 12%, IADLs by 10% and any functional limitation by 7%. An increase in fresh-pork consumption by 1 oz-equivalent/day was associated with a reduced odds of ADLs by 13%, IADLs by 10%, GPAs by 8%, and any functional limitation by 8%. Similar effects were found for fresh lean-pork consumption on ADLs, IADLs, GPAs and any functional limitation. CONCLUSION This study found some preliminary evidence linking fresh/lean-pork consumption to a reduced risk of functional limitations. Future studies with longitudinal/experimental designs are warranted to examine the influence of fresh/lean-pork consumption on functional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, 7548Washington University, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, 14589University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | | | - Reginald J Alston
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, 14589University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Sa Shen
- College of Applied Health Sciences, 14589University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Caitlin Clarke
- Department of Sociology, 14589University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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9
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Producing specialist poultry products to meet human nutrition requirements: Selenium enriched eggs. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933907001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Perälä MM, von Bonsdorff MB, Männistö S, Salonen MK, Simonen M, Pohjolainen P, Kajantie E, Rantanen T, Eriksson JG. The Healthy Nordic Diet and Mediterranean Diet and Incidence of Disability 10 Years Later in Home-Dwelling Old Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018; 20:511-516.e1. [PMID: 30366763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Diet has a major impact on a person's health. However, limited information exists on the long-term role of the whole diet on disability. We investigated the association of the healthy Nordic diet and the Mediterranean diet with incident disability 10 years later. DESIGN Longitudinal, with a follow-up of 10 years. SETTINGS/PARTICIPANTS A total of 962 home-dwelling men and women from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, mean age 61.6 years, who were free of disability at baseline. MEASUREMENTS At baseline, 2001-2004, the Nordic diet score (NDS) and modified Mediterranean diet score (mMDS) were calculated using a validated 128-item food-frequency questionnaire. Higher scores indicated better adherence to the diet. Participants' incident disability was assessed during 2011-2013 by a self-reported questionnaire and was based on mobility limitations and difficulties to perform self-care activities. Analyses were performed using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS In total, 94 participants (9.8%) developed mobility limitations and 45 participants (4.7%) developed difficulties in self-care activities during 10 year follow-up. The likelihood of having mobility limitations (odds ratio (OR) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.80) and difficulties in self-care activities (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.15-0.94) were lower among those in the highest NDS tertile than among those in the lowest NDS tertile. Greater mMDS was associated with a lower disability incidence; however, the association was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Adherence to the healthy Nordic diet predicts 10-year incidence of mobility limitations and difficulties to perform self-care activities in old age and may thus be protective against disability in Nordic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia-Maria Perälä
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna K Salonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Simonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland; Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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11
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Intake of B vitamins and impairment in physical function in older adults. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1271-1278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Dietary patterns and risk of self-reported activity limitation in older adults from the Three-City Bordeaux Study. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:549-556. [PMID: 29987992 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have been interested in the relationship between dietary patterns and activity limitation in older adults yet. We analysed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of self-reported activity limitation - that is mobility restriction, limitation in instrumental activities in daily living (IADL) and in activities in daily living (ADL) - in community-dwellers aged 67+ years initially free of activity limitation in 2001-2002 and re-examined at least once over 10 years - that is 583 participants for mobility restriction, 1114 for IADL limitation and 1267 for ADL limitation. At baseline, five sex-specific dietary clusters were derived by hybrid clustering method from weekly frequency of intake of twenty food and beverage items. Self-reported mobility restriction, limitations in IADL and in ADL were assessed using the Rosow-Breslau, the Lawton-Brody and the Katz scales, respectively. Associations between dietary clusters and the risk of each activity limitation were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. In models adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related covariates, compared with the 'Healthy' cluster the 'Biscuits and snacking' cluster was associated with a higher risk of mobility restriction (hazard ratio (HR)=3·0; 95 % CI 1·6, 5·8) and limitation in IADL (HR=2·1; 95 % CI 1·1, 4·2) in men and limitation in ADL in women (HR=2·3; 95 % CI 1·3, 4·0). In this French cohort of community-dwellers aged 67+ years, some unhealthy dietary patterns may increase the risk of activity limitation all along the disablement process in older adults.
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Selected B vitamins and their possible link to the aetiology of age-related sarcopenia: relevance of UK dietary recommendations. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:204-224. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe possible roles of selected B vitamins in the development and progression of sarcopenia are reviewed. Age-related declines in muscle mass and function are associated with huge and increasing costs to healthcare providers. Falls and loss of mobility and independence due to declining muscle mass/function are associated with poor clinical outcomes and their prevention and management are attractive research targets. Nutritional status appears a key modifiable and affordable intervention. There is emerging evidence of sarcopenia being the result not only of diminished anabolic activity but also of declining neurological integrity in older age, which is emerging as an important aspect of the development of age-related decline in muscle mass/function. In this connection, several B vitamins can be viewed as not only cofactors in muscle synthetic processes, but also as neurotrophic agents with involvements in both bioenergetic and trophic pathways. The B vitamins thus selected are examined with respect to their relevance to multiple aspects of neuromuscular function and evidence is considered that requirements, intakes or absorption may be altered in the elderly. In addition, the evidence base for recommended intakes (UK recommended daily allowance) is examined with particular reference to original datasets and their relevance to older individuals. It is possible that inconsistencies in the literature with respect to the nutritional management of sarcopenia may, in part at least, be the result of compromised micronutrient status in some study participants. It is suggested that in order, for example, for intervention with amino acids to be successful, underlying micronutrient deficiencies must first be addressed/eliminated.
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van Dijk M, Dijk FJ, Hartog A, van Norren K, Verlaan S, van Helvoort A, Jaspers RT, Luiking Y. Reduced dietary intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties negatively impacts muscle health in aged mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:146-159. [PMID: 29045021 PMCID: PMC5803605 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties is common among older adults and has been associated with higher risk of frailty, adverse functional outcome, and impaired muscle health. However, a causal relationship is less well known. The aim was to determine in old mice the impact of reduced dietary intake of vitamins A/E/B6/B12/folate, selenium, and zinc on muscle mass, oxidative capacity, strength, and physical activity (PA) over time. METHODS Twenty-one-month-old male mice were fed either AIN-93-M (control) or a diet low in micronutrients with antioxidant properties (=LOWOX-B: 50% of mouse recommended daily intake of vitamins A, E, B6, and B12, folate, selenium, and zinc) for 4 months. Muscle mass, grip strength, physical activity (PA), and general oxidative status were assessed. Moreover, muscle fatigue was measured of m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) during an ex vivo moderate exercise protocol. Effects on oxidative capacity [succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity], muscle fibre type, number, and fibre cross-sectional area (fCSA) were assessed on m. plantaris (PL) using histochemistry. RESULTS After 2 months on the diet, bodyweight of LOWOX-B mice was lower compared with control (P < 0.0001), mainly due to lower fat mass (P < 0.0001), without significant differences in food intake. After 4 months, oxidative status of LOWOX-B mice was lower, demonstrated by decreased vitamin E plasma levels (P < 0.05) and increased liver malondialdehyde levels (P = 0.018). PA was lower in LOWOX-B mice (P < 0.001 vs. control). Muscle mass was not affected, although PL-fCSA was decreased (~16%; P = 0.028 vs. control). SDH activity and muscle fibre type distribution remained unaffected. In LOWOX-B mice, EDL force production was decreased by 49.7% at lower stimulation frequencies (P = 0.038), and fatigue resistance was diminished (P = 0.023) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Reduced dietary intake of vitamins A, E, B6, and B12, folate, selenium, and zinc resulted in a lower oxidative capacity and has major impact on muscle health as shown by decreased force production and PA, without effects on muscle mass. The reduced fCSA in combination with similar SDH activity per fibre might explain the reduced oxidative capacity resulting in the increased fatigue after exercise in LOWOX-B mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francina J Dijk
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Hartog
- Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Nutrition and Pharmacology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjors Verlaan
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, VU University Medical Center, Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette Luiking
- Nutricia Research, Nutricia Advanced Medical Nutrition, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Seino S, Sumi K, Narita M, Yokoyama Y, Ashida K, Kitamura A, Shinkai S. Effects of Low-Dose Dairy Protein Plus Micronutrient Supplementation during Resistance Exercise on Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:59-67. [PMID: 29300423 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether supplementation with low-dose dairy protein plus micronutrients augments the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on muscle mass and physical performance compared with RE alone among older adults. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Tokyo, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-two community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 73.5 years) were randomly allocated to an RE plus dairy protein and micronutrient supplementation group or an RE only group (n = 41 each). INTERVENTION The RE plus supplementation group participants ingested supplements with dairy protein (10.5 g/day) and micronutrients (8.0 mg zinc, 12 μg vitamin B12, 200 μg folic acid, 200 IU vitamin D, and others/day). Both groups performed the same twice-weekly RE program for 12 weeks. MEASUREMENTS Whole-body, appendicular, and leg lean soft-tissue mass (WBLM, ALM, and LLM, respectively) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, physical performance, biochemical characteristics, nutritional intake, and physical activity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS The groups exhibited similar significant improvements in maximum gait speed, Timed Up-and-Go, and 5-repetition and 30-s chair stand tests. As compared with RE only, RE plus supplementation significantly increased WBLM (0.63 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-0.95), ALM (0.37 kg, 95% CI: 0.16-0.58), LLM (0.27 kg, 95% CI: 0.10-0.46), and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (4.7 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.6-7.9), vitamin B12 (72.4 pg/mL, 95% CI: 12.9-131.9), and folic acid (12.9 ng/mL, 95% CI: 10.3-15.5) (all P < 0.05 for group-by-time interactions). Changes over time in physical activity and nutritional intake excluding the supplemented nutrients were similar between groups. CONCLUSION Low-dose dairy protein plus micronutrient supplementation during RE significantly increased muscle mass in older adults but did not further improve physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Seino
- Satoshi Seino, PhD, Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan, Phone: +81 (3) 3964-3241 ext. 4252, E-mail:
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Silva R, Pizato N, da Mata F, Figueiredo A, Ito M, Pereira MG. Mediterranean Diet and Musculoskeletal-Functional Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:655-663. [PMID: 29806854 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population aging is increasing and this process together with its characteristics influence the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions and musculoskeletal-functional outcomes such as frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia. Nutritional strategies focused on dietary patterns, such as a Mediterranean diet, can be protective from these outcomes. PURPOSE To investigate the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people. METHODS We systematically reviewed electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and others) and grey literature for articles investigating the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling people aged 60 and over. Study selection, quality of study assessment and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. Random effects meta-analyses were performed, and pooled Odds Ratios (OR) were obtained. RESULTS After the literature search, screening and eligibility investigation, we included 12studies, with a total of 20,518 subjects. A higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was found to be inversely associated with frailty (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65, I2=24.9%, p=0.262) and functional disability (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.93, I2=0.0%, p=0.78). Highly different study characteristics prevented us from performing a meta-analysis for sarcopenia. Cohort data indicated no association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia; however, cross-sectional results showed a positive relationship. CONCLUSION A Mediterranean diet is protective of frailty and functional disability, but not of sarcopenia. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Silva
- Roberta Silva, Universidade de Brasilia, Brazil, ;
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Ferrucci L, Cooper R, Shardell M, Simonsick EM, Schrack JA, Kuh D. Age-Related Change in Mobility: Perspectives From Life Course Epidemiology and Geroscience. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1184-94. [PMID: 26975983 PMCID: PMC4978365 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobility is the most studied and most relevant physical ability affecting quality of life with strong prognostic value for disability and survival. Natural selection has built the "engine" of mobility with great robustness, redundancy, and functional reserve. Efficient patterns of mobility can be acquired during development even by children affected by severe impairments. Analogously, age-associated impairments in mobility-related physiological systems are compensated and overt limitations of mobility only occur when the severity can no longer be compensated. Mobility loss in older persons usually results from multiple impairments in the central nervous system, muscles, joints, and energetic and sensory physiological systems. Early preclinical changes in these physiological systems that precede mobility loss have been poorly studied. Peak performance, rate of decline, compensatory behaviors, or subclinical deterioration of physiological resources may cumulatively influence both timing of mobility loss and chances of recovery, but their role as risk factors has not been adequately characterized. Understanding the natural history of these early changes and intervening on them would likely be the most effective strategy to reduce the burden of disability in the population. For example, young women with low bone peak mass could be counseled to start strength resistance exercise to reduce their high risk of developing osteoporosis and fracture later in life. Expanding this approach to other physiological domains requires collecting and interpreting data from life course epidemiological studies, establishing normative measures of mobility, physical function, and physical activity, and connecting them with life course trajectories of the mobility-relevant physiological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
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Moreira PL, Correa CR, Corrente JE, Martin LC, Boas PJFV, Ferreira ALA. Anthropometric, functional capacity, and oxidative stress changes in Brazilian community-living elderly subjects. A longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 66:140-6. [PMID: 27323308 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the changes and relationships among anthropometric, functional and plasma oxidative stress markers in elderly. DESIGN longitudinal study. SETTING measurements in 2008 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS 103 community-dwelling men and women aged 67-92. MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric parameters [waist, hip, arm and calf circumferences; waist-hip ratio, triceps skinfold thickness and others], basic (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)] and plasma oxidative stress markers (α-tocopherol, β-carotene and malondialdehyde) were assessed in 2008 and 2010. RESULTS ADL, IADL, body weight, skinfold thickness and circumferences of calf and arm decreased and waist and waist-hip ratio increased from 2008 to 2010. α-Tocopherol decreased and malondialdehyde plasma levels increased during the study period. In multiple logistic regression analyses, increased age (OR=1.12; IC: 1.02-1.23; p=0.02), female gender (OR=8.43; IC: 1.23-57.58; p=0.03), hypertension (OR=0.22; IC: 0.06-0.79; p=0.02), arthritis/arthrosis (OR=0.09; IC: 0.009-0.87; p=0.04) and depression (OR=0.20; IC: 0.04-1.03; p=0.05) were independent risk factors for functional decline. CONCLUSION Fat reduction, muscle loss, central obesity increase, functional decline and worsening of plasma oxidative stress were observed during 2-year follow-up. Some of the risk factors that were identified could be modified to help prevent functional decline in elderly. The factors deserving attention include hypertension, arthritis/arthrosis and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Lucelia Moreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Renata Correa
- Post-Graduation Program in Pathology, Botucatu Medical School at São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Eduardo Corrente
- Department of Biostatistics, Botucatu, Institute of Biosciences at Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luis Cuadrado Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Buigues C, Juarros-Folgado P, Fernández-Garrido J, Navarro-Martínez R, Cauli O. Frailty syndrome and pre-operative risk evaluation: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:309-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Younesi S, Parsian H, Hosseini SR, Noreddini H, Mosapour A, Bijani A, Halalkhor S. Dyshomeostasis of Serum Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Copper, Zinc, and Selenium Levels in Elderly Physically Disabled Persons: an AHAP-Based Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:136-41. [PMID: 25677848 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The percentage of elderly persons is rapidly growing. Physical disability is one of the main age-related diseases which affect life quality. There are some studies that suggest the oxidative stress and trace elements are involved in physical disability in elderly persons, but the results are inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the status of aforementioned parameters in elderly physically disabled patients vs. healthy ones. According to the Katz questionnaire form, 44 subjects with physical disability and 66 age-gender-matched healthy subjects were selected from Amirkola Health and Aging Project (AHAP). The results indicated that patient group had lower serum Zn, Se, and total antioxidant levels than the control group (p < 0.001), whereas serum total oxidant level and Cu to Zn ratio (CZr) were higher in control group than in healthy one (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between Zn, Se, total antioxidant, and bone mineral density of femur (BMD.F) with activities of daily living (ADL) score (p < 0.01); meanwhile, a negative correlation between CZr and total oxidant with ADL score was observed (p < 0.01). Serum total oxidant level and CZr index had the highest area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis among the included parameters for discrimination of physically disabled patients than the normal ones. Decrease in serum Zn and Se levels, low BMD, and increase in CZr and oxidative stress were observed in physically disabled patients. It seems that CZr is more reliable parameter than the others to discriminate the physically disabled patients than the healthy persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Younesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Bartali B, Curto T, Maserejian NN, Araujo AB. Intake of antioxidants and subsequent decline in physical function in a racially/ethnically diverse population. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:542-7. [PMID: 25923484 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is considered a risk factor for physical function (PF) decline with aging. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between antioxidant intake and change in PF over a 5-year period. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS The Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey is a population-based longitudinal study including 5,502 racially/ethnically diverse and randomly selected participants aged 30-79 years. MEASUREMENTS In total, 2828 persons aged 30-79 years completed the validated Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and participated in the follow-up study. Change in PF from baseline (2002-2005) to follow-up (2006-2010) was assessed using the validated SF-12 questionnaire. Linear models were used to examine the association between energy-adjusted quartiles of vitamins C, E and carotenoids and change in PF. RESULTS A low intake (first quartile) of vitamin E was associated with a greater decline in PF compared with the highest quartile, with a mean difference in change in PF of -1.73 (95%CI:-3.31,-0.15). Notably, this mean difference was clinically meaningful as it was equivalent to the effect estimate we found for participants who were approximately 15 years apart in age in our cohort, as 1 year increase in age was associated with a mean difference in change in PF of -0.11 (95%CI:-0.16,-0.06). PF decline was not significantly different in the lowest compared with the highest quartile of vitamin C (mean difference=-1.29, 95%CI:-2.61, 0.03) or carotenoids (mean difference=-0.62, 95%CI:-2.22,0.99). CONCLUSIONS Low intake of vitamin E was significantly associated with decline in PF with aging. These results are clinically meaningful, extend previous findings that oxidative stress contributes to PF decline, and may inform the development of future prevention strategies aimed at reducing this clinical and public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bartali
- B. Bartali, Senior Research Scientist, ; Office Tel: +1 617972 3350
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Bonnefoy M, Berrut G, Lesourd B, Ferry M, Gilbert T, Guérin O, Hanon O, Jeandel C, Paillaud E, Raynaud-Simon A, Ruault G, Rolland Y. Frailty and nutrition: searching for evidence. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:250-7. [PMID: 25732208 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that predicts disability, morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Poor nutritional status is one of the main risk factors for frailty. Macronutrients and micronutrients deficiencies are associated with frailty. Recent studies suggest that improving nutritional status for macronutrients and micronutrients may reduce the risk of frailty. Specific diets such as the Mediterranean diet rich in anti-oxidants, is currently investigated in the prevention of frailty. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current body of knowledge on the relations between nutrition and frailty, and provide recommendations for future nutritional research on the field of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonnefoy
- Marc Bonnefoy - service universitaire de gériatrie - Groupement Hospitalier Sud - 69495 Pierre-Bénite Cedex - France - tél 33 (0)4 78 86 15 80 - Fax 33 (0)4 78 86 57 27 -
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Kurnat-Thoma EL, Pangilinan F, Matteini AM, Wong B, Pepper GA, Stabler SP, Guralnik JM, Brody LC. Association of Transcobalamin II (TCN2) and Transcobalamin II-Receptor (TCblR) Genetic Variations With Cobalamin Deficiency Parameters in Elderly Women. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 17:444-54. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800415569506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is a subtle progressive clinical disorder, affecting nearly 1 in 5 individuals > 60 years old. This deficiency is produced by age-related decreases in nutrient absorption, medications that interfere with vitamin B12 absorption, and other comorbidities. Clinical heterogeneity confounds symptom detection for elderly adults, as deficiency sequelae range from mild fatigue and weakness to debilitating megaloblastic anemia and permanent neuropathic injury. A better understanding of genetic factors that contribute to cobalamin deficiency in the elderly would allow for targeted nursing care and preventive interventions. We tested for associations of common variants in genes involved in cobalamin transport and homeostasis with metabolic indicators of cobalamin deficiency (homocysteine and methylmalonic acid) as well as hematologic, neurologic, and functional performance features of cobalamin deficiency in 789 participants of the Women’s Health and Aging Studies. Although not significant when corrected for multiple testing, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two genes, transcobalamin II ( TCN2) and the transcobalamin II-receptor ( TCblR), were found to influence several clinical traits of cobalamin deficiency. The three most significant findings were the identified associations involving missense coding SNPs, namely, TCblR G220R (rs2336573) with serum cobalamin, TCN2 S348F (rs9621049) with homocysteine, and TCN2 P259R (rs1801198) with red blood cell mean corpuscular volume. These SNPs may modify the phenotype in older adults who are more likely to develop symptoms of vitamin B12 malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Kurnat-Thoma
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Utah, College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Faith Pangilinan
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy M. Matteini
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bob Wong
- University of Utah, College of Nursing, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Sally P. Stabler
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Lawrence C. Brody
- Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Gutowska A, Borawska MH. Serum zinc concentrations correlate with mental and physical status of nursing home residents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117257. [PMID: 25635818 PMCID: PMC4311908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important trace elements in the body. Zn deficiency seems to play a role in the development of age-related diseases and impairment of quality of life. Zn status has been especially studied in free-living or hospitalised people, but data from older residents of nursing homes are scarce. This study aimed to determine the Zn status among the older individuals in correlation to their mental and physical performance. METHODS A total of 100 participants aged between 60-102 years were recruited between October 2010 and May 2012 at the nursing home in Bialystok (Poland). Zn status was evaluated by determining the concentration in serum by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Anthropometric variables and fitness score (FS) were measured. Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Self-Rated Health (SRH), independence in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were recorded. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mean serum Zn concentration was 0.83 ± 0.20 mg/L, 28% of residents had Zn deficiency. Cognitive functions were impaired (AMTS ≤ 8) in 45% of the studied persons and 48% showed depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 1). The ability to independently perform activities of daily living (ADL = 6) was found in 61% of participants, but most of them (90%) had weak body type (FS < 70), correlating with GDS, SRH and body mass index (BMI). Serum Zn concentration correlated with mental efficiency and was statistically significantly higher in older people with normal cognitive function and without depression than in patients with memory impairment and showing depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Nursing home residents seem at risk of marginal Zn status, which correlates with their mental status as measured by the AMTS and GDS. Their low FS is associated with mental health deterioration and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Nursing Home in Bialystok, Swierkowa 9, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria H. Borawska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Gu D, Gomez-Redondo R, Dupre ME. Studying Disability Trends in Aging Populations. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2014; 30:21-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10823-014-9245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Valentini L, Pinto A, Bourdel-Marchasson I, Ostan R, Brigidi P, Turroni S, Hrelia S, Hrelia P, Bereswill S, Fischer A, Leoncini E, Malaguti M, Blanc-Bisson C, Durrieu J, Spazzafumo L, Buccolini F, Pryen F, Donini LM, Franceschi C, Lochs H. Impact of personalized diet and probiotic supplementation on inflammation, nutritional parameters and intestinal microbiota - The "RISTOMED project": Randomized controlled trial in healthy older people. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:593-602. [PMID: 25453395 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of a personalized diet, with or without addition of VSL#3 preparation, on biomarkers of inflammation, nutrition, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in 62 healthy persons aged 65-85 years. DESIGN Open label, randomized, multicenter study. PRIMARY ENDPOINT High-sensitivity C-reactive protein. SETTING Community. INTERVENTIONS Eight week web-based dietary advice (RISTOMED platform) alone or with supplementation of VSL#3 (2 capsules per day). The RISTOMED diet was optimized to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. MEASUREMENTS Blood and stool samples were collected on days 1 and 56. RESULTS Diet alone reduced ESR (p = 0.02), plasma levels of cholesterol (p < 0.01) and glucose (p = 0.03). Addition of VSL#3 reduced ESR (p = 0.05) and improved folate (p = 0.007), vitamin B12 (p = 0.001) and homocysteine (p < 0.001) plasma levels. Neither intervention demonstrated any further effects on inflammation. Subgroup analysis showed 40 participants without signs of low-grade inflammation (hsCRP<3 mg/l, subgroup 1) and 21 participants with low-grade inflammation at baseline (hsCRP≥3 mg/l, subgroup 2). In subgroup 2 addition of VSL#3 increased bifidobacteria (p = 0.005) in more participants and improved both folate (p = 0.015) and vitamin B12 (p = 0.035) levels compared with subgroup 1. The increases were positively correlated to the change in the bifidobacteria concentration for folate (p = 0.023) and vitamin B12 (p = 0.001). As expected change in homocysteine correlated negatively to change in folate (r = -0.629, p = 0.002) and vitamin B12 (r = -0.482, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Addition of VSL#3 increased bifidobacteria and supported adequate folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in subjects with low-grade inflammation. Decrease in homocysteine with VSL#3 was clinically relevant. suggesting protective potentials for aging-associated conditions, e.g. cardiovascular or neurological diseases. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01069445-NCT01179789.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Valentini
- Dept Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabelle Bourdel-Marchasson
- CHU Bordeaux, Clinical Gerontology, France; CNRS, RMSB, UMR 5536, France; University Bordeaux, RMSB, UMR 5536, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rita Ostan
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Dept Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Dept Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Dept Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuela Leoncini
- Dept Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Dept Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Liana Spazzafumo
- Biostatistical Center INRCA, Via S. Margherita 5, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabio Buccolini
- R&D, VoxNet CEO, Via Giovanni Paisiello 32, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Florence Pryen
- Actial Farmaceutica Lda, Praca Severiano Ferraz 258, 09000 082 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Herbert Lochs
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Rahi B, Morais JA, Gaudreau P, Payette H, Shatenstein B. Decline in functional capacity is unaffected by diet quality alone or in combination with physical activity among generally healthy older adults with T2D from the NuAge cohort. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2014; 105:399-407. [PMID: 25092023 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both diet quality (DQ) and physical activity (PA) have been shown to play a role in the prevention of functional capacity (FC) decline. Because older adults (OA) with T2D are at a higher risk of FC decline compared to their non-diabetic counterparts, our aim was to determine if DQ alone, or combined with PA is associated with FC decline in OA with T2D over a 3-year follow-up in a secondary analysis of the NuAge cohort. METHODS In 159 OA with T2D (mean age=75 years), FC change was calculated as the difference in FC scores at T1 and T4 measured by the SMAF (Système de Mesure de l'Autonomie Fonctionnelle). Baseline DQ was calculated from three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls collected at T1 using the validated Canadian Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI). PA change was calculated from Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) as T4-T1. Associations were evaluated between FC decline and four combinations of variables: C-HEI score < or ≥70 with PASE change < or > median and analyzed by GLM while controlling for covariates. RESULTS Neither DQ alone nor DQ combined with PA change were associated with FC decline over follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The absence of effect may be explained by characteristics of this healthy sample of OA with T2D who showed relatively good adherence to dietary recommendations (mean C-HEI=70) and were highly functional shown by minimal, clinically non-significant FC decline over 3 years. More research is needed to confirm the role of DQ in preventing FC decline in a larger diabetic sample showing clinically significant FC decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Rahi
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Centre, Canada; Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Hélène Payette
- Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement, CSSS-IUGS, Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de medicine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Bryna Shatenstein
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Canada; Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Canada.
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Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Tortelli R, Resta F, Sabbà C, Logroscino G. Prevention of Late-life Cognitive Disorders: Diet-Related Factors, Dietary Patterns, and Frailty Models. Curr Nutr Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-014-0080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fernández-Garrido J, Ruiz-Ros V, Buigues C, Navarro-Martinez R, Cauli O. Clinical features of prefrail older individuals and emerging peripheral biomarkers: a systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:7-17. [PMID: 24679669 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the clinical presentation of identifiable physical alterations such as loss of muscle mass and strength, energy and exercise tolerance, and decreased physiological reserve. Individuals with one or two of these alterations are defined as prefrail. The clinical features of prefrail older individuals have been investigated to a lesser extent compared to the frail population, even though this intermediate stage may provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the physical decline associated with aging and it is considered to be potentially reversible. We performed searches in the Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cinahl, and Cochrane databases from January 1995 to July 2013 for papers about the identification of prefrail people aged 65 and older published either in English or Spanish, and the reference lists of from the articles retrieved were pearled in order to identify any which may have been missed in the initial search. Two independent reviewers extracted descriptive information on frailty criteria and outcomes from the selected papers: of the 277 articles retrieved from the searches and 25 articles retrieved from pearling, 84 met the study inclusion criteria. The prevalence of prefrailty ranges between 35% and 50% in individuals aged over 60, is more common in women, and the age and the number of comorbidities in these individuals is similar to their frail counterparts. Weakness is the most prevalent symptom in prefrail individuals although there are some sex differences. Some serum biomarkers seem to discriminate prefrail from non-frail individuals but further research would be required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicente Ruiz-Ros
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario, Universidad of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Buigues
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rut Navarro-Martinez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Waters DL, Wayne SJ, Andrieu S, Cesari M, Villareal DT, Garry P, Vellas B. Sexually dimorphic patterns of nutritional intake and eating behaviors in community-dwelling older adults with normal and slow gait speed. J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:228-33. [PMID: 24626748 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess sex-specific nutritional intake and dietary habits of independently living older adults with normal and slow gait speeds. DESIGN New Mexico Aging Process Study, cross-sectional, secondary data analysis. SETTING Albuquerque, New Mexico USA. PARTICIPANTS Three-hundred fifteen adults 60 years and older (194 women and 121 men). MEASUREMENTS Gait speed test, 3-day diet records, Mini-Mental State Examination, and body mass index. RESULTS Slow gait speed was associated with lower total calories (-154 kcal/day) and zinc (1 mg/day) (.05 < p < .1). Slower men consumed less protein (-4.1 g/day), calcium (-140 mg), fiber (-2.8 g/day) and iron (-2.5 mg/day) (p≤.05). Slower women consumed less, protein (-5.5 g/day), carbohydrate (-19.1 g/day), fiber (-2.7 gm/day), vitamin C (-18.4 mg/day) and higher fat intake (p=0.03). Slower women snacked less, had trouble chewing/biting, and lived alone (p= .04). Slower men were less likely to snack. CONCLUSIONS We found sex-specific nutritional differences associated with gait speed. Those presenting with slow gait speed may need encouragement to increase meat and whole grain breads/cereal. Those with trouble eating should be advised on adapting diet to maintain adequate nutrition and encouraged on regular snacking to achieve higher nutrient intake. Prospective and randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and provide further evidence for putting these suggestions into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Waters
- Debra L. Waters, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Section of Geriatrics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, University of Otago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand 9054, or
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Wu IC, Chang HY, Hsu CC, Chiu YF, Yu SH, Tsai YF, Shen SC, Kuo KN, Chen CY, Liu K, Lee MM, Hsiung CA. Association between dietary fiber intake and physical performance in older adults: a nationwide study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80209. [PMID: 24244650 PMCID: PMC3823869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical performance is a major determinant of health in older adults, and is related to lifestyle factors. Dietary fiber has multiple health benefits. It remains unclear whether fiber intake is independently linked to superior physical performance. We aimed to assess the association between dietary fiber and physical performance in older adults. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted with community-dwelling adults aged 55 years and older (n=2680) from the ongoing Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study (HALST) in Taiwan 2008-2010. Daily dietary fiber intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Physical performance was determined objectively by measuring gait speed, 6-minute walk distance, timed “up and go” (TUG), summary performance score, hand grip strength. Results Adjusting for all potential confounders, participants with higher fiber intake had significantly faster gait speed, longer 6-minute walk distance, faster TUG, higher summary performance score, and higher hand grip strength (all P <.05). Comparing with the highest quartile of fiber intake, the lowest quartile of fiber intake was significantly associated with the lowest sex-specific quartile of gait speed (adjusted OR, 2.18 in men [95% CI, 1.33-3.55] and 3.65 in women [95% CI, 2.20-6.05]), 6-minute walk distance (OR, 2.40 in men [95% CI, 1.38-4.17] and 4.32 in women [95% CI, 2.37-7.89]), TUG (OR, 2.42 in men [95% CI, 1.43-4.12] and 3.27 in women [95% CI, 1.94-5.52]), summary performance score (OR, 2.12 in men [95% CI, 1.19-3.78] and 5.47 in women [95% CI, 3.20-9.35]), and hand grip strength (OR, 2.64 in men [95% CI, 1.61-4.32] and 4.43 in women [95% CI, 2.62-7.50]). Conclusions Dietary fiber intake was independently associated with better physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chien Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, County, Taiwan ; Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Plow M, Finlayson M, Cho C. Correlates of nutritional behavior in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Health J 2012; 5:284-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bartali B, Frongillo EA, Stipanuk MH, Bandinelli S, Salvini S, Palli D, Morais JA, Volpato S, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L. Protein intake and muscle strength in older persons: does inflammation matter? J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60:480-4. [PMID: 22283208 PMCID: PMC3390191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether protein intake is associated with change in muscle strength in older persons. Because systemic inflammation has been associated with protein catabolism, the study also evaluated whether a synergistic effect exists between protein intake and inflammatory markers on change in muscle strength. DESIGN Longitudinal. SETTING The Invecchiare in Chianti Study. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred and ninety-eight older adults. MEASUREMENTS Knee extension strength was measured at baseline (1998-2000) and during 3-year follow-up (2001-2003) using a handheld dynamometer. Protein intake was assessed using a detailed food frequency questionnaire. The inflammatory markers examined were C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS The main effect of protein intake on change in muscle strength was not significant. However, a significant interaction was found between protein intake and CRP (P = .003), IL-6 (P = .049), and TNF-α (P = .02), indicating that lower protein intake was associated with greater decline in muscle strength in persons with high levels of inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Lower protein intake was associated with decline in muscle strength in persons with high levels of inflammatory markers. These results may help to understand the factors contributing to decline in muscle strength with aging and to identify the target population of older persons who may benefit from nutritional interventions aimed at preventing or reducing age-associated muscle impairments and its detrimental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bartali
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Dougherty PE, Hawk C, Weiner DK, Gleberzon B, Andrew K, Killinger L. The role of chiropractic care in older adults. Chiropr Man Therap 2012; 20:3. [PMID: 22348431 PMCID: PMC3306193 DOI: 10.1186/2045-709x-20-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are a rising number of older adults; in the US alone nearly 20% of the population will be 65 or older by 2030. Chiropractic is one of the most frequently utilized types of complementary and alternative care by older adults, used by an estimated 5% of older adults in the U.S. annually. Chiropractic care involves many different types of interventions, including preventive strategies. This commentary by experts in the field of geriatrics, discusses the evidence for the use of spinal manipulative therapy, acupuncture, nutritional counseling and fall prevention strategies as delivered by doctors of chiropractic. Given the utilization of chiropractic services by the older adult, it is imperative that providers be familiar with the evidence for and the prudent use of different management strategies for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Dougherty
- Research Department, New York Chiropractic College, 2360 State Route 89, Seneca Falls, NY 13148, USA
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Cheryl Hawk
- Logan College of Chiropractic, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Debra K Weiner
- Anesthesiology & Psychiatry, VA Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15261, USA
- U. of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA
| | - Brian Gleberzon
- Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie Street, Toronto, ON M2H 3J1, Canada
| | - Kari Andrew
- Palmer College of Chiropractic, 1000 Brady St, Davenport, IA 52803, USA
| | - Lisa Killinger
- Palmer College of Chiropractic, 1000 Brady St, Davenport, IA 52803, USA
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Swart KMA, van Schoor NM, Blom HJ, Smulders YM, Lips P. Homocysteine and the risk of nursing home admission and mortality in older persons. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:188-95. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scott D, Blizzard L, Fell J, Jones G. The epidemiology of sarcopenia in community living older adults: what role does lifestyle play? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2:125-134. [PMID: 21966639 PMCID: PMC3177044 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, is a relatively poorly understood process which may play an important role in the incidence of physical disability and falls in older adults. Evidence demonstrates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to increased susceptibility for sarcopenia development, yet some of these factors may represent unavoidable consequences of ageing. METHODS: A review of literature, generally from epidemiological research, was performed to examine the influence that potentially modifiable lifestyle factors (general physical activity, dietary nutrient intake and sun exposure), as well as chronic disease and medication use, may have on sarcopenia progression. RESULTS: The review demonstrated that while physical activity, nutrient intake and sun exposure often decline during ageing, each may have important but differing benefits for the prevention of muscle mass and functional declines in older adults. Conversely, age-related increases in the prevalence of chronic diseases and the subsequent prescription of pharmacotherapy may exacerbate sarcopenia progression. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of poor physical activity, diet and sun exposure, as well as chronic disease and medication use, within older adult populations may be modifiable through simple lifestyle and health care interventions. As such, these factors may represent the most effective targets for sarcopenia prevention during the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scott
- Institute for Health and Social Science Research, CQUniversity Australia, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4702 Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - James Fell
- School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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Féart C, Pérès K, Samieri C, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Barberger-Gateau P. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and onset of disability in older persons. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26:747-56. [PMID: 21874560 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to lower risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease while its association with disability has never been assessed. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and disability in activities of daily living. The study sample consisted of 1,410 individuals from Bordeaux, France, included in 2001-2002 in the Three-City Study and re-examined at least once over 5 years. Adherence to a MeDi (scored as 0-9) was computed from a food frequency questionnaire and 24H recall. Disability in Basic and Instrumental ADL (B-IADL) was evaluated on the Lawton-Brody and Katz scales. Statistical analyses were stratified by gender and adjusted for potential confounders. No association between MeDi adherence and baseline disability in B-IADL was highlighted in men or in women in multivariate models. Risk of onset of disability in B-IADL over time was not significantly associated with MeDi adherence in men. In women, MeDi adherence was inversely associated with the risk of incident disability in B-IADL (HR = 0.90, 95% Confidence Interval 0.82-0.98 for 1 point of the score). Women with the highest MeDi adherence (score 6-8) had a 50% (22-68%) relative risk reduction of incident disability in B-IADL over time than women in the lowest MeDi category (score 0-3). In addition to its well-documented beneficial effects on health, adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet could contribute to slow down the disablement process in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Féart
- Equipe Epidémiologie de la nutrition et des comportements alimentaires, INSERM, U897, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, ISPED case 11, 146 Rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
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Inzitari M, Doets E, Bartali B, Benetou V, Di Bari M, Visser M, Volpato S, Gambassi G, Topinkova E, De Groot L, Salva A. Nutrition in the age-related disablement process. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:599-604. [PMID: 21968852 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition from independence to disability in older adults is characterized by detectable changes in body composition and physical function. Epidemiologic studies have shown that weight loss, reduced caloric intake and the reduced intake of specific nutrients are associated with such changes. The mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, and different hypotheses have been suggested, including the reduction of the antioxidant effects of some nutrients. Changes in muscle mass and quality might play a central role in the pathway linking malnutrition, its biological and molecular consequences, and function. A different approach aims at assessing diets by dietary patterns, which capture intercorrelations of nutrients within a diet, rather than by selective foods or nutrients: epidemiologic evidence suggests that some types of diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, might prevent negative functional outcomes in older adults. However, despite a theoretical and empirical basis, intervention studies using nutritional supplementation have shown inconclusive results in preventing functional impairment and disability. The present work is the result of a review and consensus effort of a European task force on nutrition in the elderly, promoted by the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) European Region. After the critical review of different aspects related to the role of nutrition in the transition from independence to disability, we propose future lines for research, including the determination of levels of inadequacy and target doses of supplements, the study of interactions (between nutrients within a diet and with other lifestyle aspects), and the association with functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inzitari
- Institute on Aging of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Shahar A, Patel KV, Semba RD, Bandinelli S, Shahar DR, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM. Plasma selenium is positively related to performance in neurological tasks assessing coordination and motor speed. Mov Disord 2010; 25:1909-15. [PMID: 20687175 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative process affecting the striato nigral system (SN). Its etiology, although obscure, may involve oxidative damage. Selenium, an antioxidant, was shown to protect the SN in animal models. In the current study, we investigate the association between plasma selenium concentrations and the presence of "soft" neurological signs related to the SN. Plasma selenium concentration was assessed in participants of age ≥65 years in the InCHIANTI study, a population-based cohort study in Tuscany, Italy. PD was defined based on standard criteria. "Soft" neurological signs were ascertained by physical examination. A total of 1,012 participants were included. No association was found between the presence of PD and plasma selenium. There was, however, a strong association between plasma selenium and timed performance-based assessments. Lower levels of selenium were significantly associated withdecreased performance in neurological tests of coordination among older adults. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate the effects of selenium on SN dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Shahar
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography and Biometry, National Institue on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In many countries, persons over 65 are one of the fastest growing segments of the population. Mobility disability is one of the major risk factors for morbidity and mortality in this age group. There is increasing evidence that improved nutrition can reduce the risk of developing disability in older age. This review summarizes the recent literature showing the associations between different nutrients and mobility-related outcomes in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggested an association between low intake and low serum concentrations of micronutrients, such as antioxidants and vitamins, with measures of physical performance, muscle strength, and disability in older adults. SUMMARY The role of low micronutrients as cross-sectional and longitudinal correlates of mobility disability is consistent with a growing number of studies showing that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, such as the Mediterranean diet, has a beneficial role in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Milaneschi
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Makary MA, Segev DL, Pronovost PJ, Syin D, Bandeen-Roche K, Patel P, Takenaga R, Devgan L, Holzmueller CG, Tian J, Fried LP. Frailty as a predictor of surgical outcomes in older patients. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 210:901-8. [PMID: 20510798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2010.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1399] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative risk assessment is important yet inexact in older patients because physiologic reserves are difficult to measure. Frailty is thought to estimate physiologic reserves, although its use has not been evaluated in surgical patients. We designed a study to determine if frailty predicts surgical complications and enhances current perioperative risk models. STUDY DESIGN We prospectively measured frailty in 594 patients (age 65 years or older) presenting to a university hospital for elective surgery between July 2005 and July 2006. Frailty was classified using a validated scale (0 to 5) that included weakness, weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, and slowed walking speed. Patients scoring 4 to 5 were classified as frail, 2 to 3 were intermediately frail, and 0 to 1 were nonfrail. Main outcomes measures were 30-day surgical complications, length of stay, and discharge disposition. Multiple logistic regression (complications and discharge) and negative binomial regression (length of stay) were done to analyze frailty and postoperative outcomes associations. RESULTS Preoperative frailty was associated with an increased risk for postoperative complications (intermediately frail: odds ratio [OR] 2.06; 95% CI 1.18-3.60; frail: OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.12-5.77), length of stay (intermediately frail: incidence rate ratio 1.49; 95% CI 1.24-1.80; frail: incidence rate ratio 1.69; 95% CI 1.28-2.23), and discharge to a skilled or assisted-living facility after previously living at home (intermediately frail: OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.0-9.99; frail: OR 20.48; 95% CI 5.54-75.68). Frailty improved predictive power (p < 0.01) of each risk index (ie, American Society of Anesthesiologists, Lee, and Eagle scores). CONCLUSIONS Frailty independently predicts postoperative complications, length of stay, and discharge to a skilled or assisted-living facility in older surgical patients and enhances conventional risk models. Assessing frailty using a standardized definition can help patients and physicians make more informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Makary
- Department of Surgery, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
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Abstract
Vitamin B(12) is essential for DNA synthesis and for cellular energy production.This review aims to outline the metabolism of vitamin B(12), and to evaluate the causes and consequences of sub-clinical vitamin B(12) deficiency. Vitamin B(12) deficiency is common, mainly due to limited dietary intake of animal foods or malabsorption of the vitamin. Vegetarians are at risk of vitamin B(12) deficiency as are other groups with low intakes of animal foods or those with restrictive dietary patterns. Malabsorption of vitamin B(12) is most commonly seen in the elderly, secondary to gastric achlorhydria. The symptoms of sub-clinical deficiency are subtle and often not recognized. The long-term consequences of sub-clinical deficiency are not fully known but may include adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, vascular, cognitive, bone and eye health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Leary
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Hong SR, Lee SM, Lim NR, Chung HW, Ahn HS. Association between hair mineral and age, BMI and nutrient intakes among Korean female adults. Nutr Res Pract 2009; 3:212-9. [PMID: 20090887 PMCID: PMC2808721 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2009.3.3.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the association between hair mineral levels and nutrient intakes, age, and BMI in female adults who visited a woman's clinic located in Seoul. Dietary intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and mineral levels were measured in collected hairs, and the relationship between these was examined. The average daily nutrient intakes of subjects were compared to those of the KDRIs, and the energy intake status was fair. The average intake of calcium in women of 50 years and over was 91.35% of KDRIs and the potassium intake was greatly below the recommended levels in all age groups. In the average hair mineral contents in subjects, calcium and copper exceeded far more than the reference range while selenium was very low with 85.19% of subjects being lower than the reference value. In addition, the concentrations of sodium, potassium, iron, and manganese in the hair were below the reference ranges in over 15% of subjects. The concentrations of sodium, chromium, sulfur, and cadmium in the hair showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with age, but the hair zinc level showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with age. The concentrations of sodium, potassium, chromium, and cadmium in the hair showed positive correlations (P < 0.05) with BMI. Some mineral levels in subjects of this study showed significant correlations with nutrient intakes, but it seems that the hair mineral content is not directly influenced by each mineral intake. As described above, some hair mineral levels in female adults deviated from the normal range, and it is considered that nutritional intervention to control the imbalance of mineral nutrition is required. Also, as some correlations were shown between hair mineral levels and age, BMI, and nutrient intakes, the possibility of utilizing hair mineral analysis for specific purposes in the future is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Ra Hong
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, 249-1 Dongseon-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-742, Korea
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Fisinin VI, Papazyan TT, Surai PF. Producing selenium-enriched eggs and meat to improve the selenium status of the general population. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 29:18-28. [PMID: 19514900 DOI: 10.1080/07388550802658030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of selenium (Se) in human health and diseases has been discussed in detail in several recent reviews, with the main conclusion being that selenium deficiency is recognised as a global problem which urgently needs resolution. Since selenium content in plant-based food depends on its availability from soil, the level of this element in food and feeds varies among regions. In general, eggs and meat are considered to be good sources of selenium in human diet. When considering ways to improve human selenium intake, there are several potential options. These include direct supplementation, soil fertilisation and supplementation of food staples such as flour, and production of functional foods. Analysing recent publications related to functional food production, it is evident that selenium-enriched eggs can be used as an important delivery system of this trace mineral for humans. In particular, developments and commercialisation of organic forms of selenium have initiated a new era in the availability of selenium-enriched products. It has been shown that egg selenium content can easily be manipulated to give increased levels, especially when organic selenium is included in hens' diet at levels that provide 0.3-0.5 mg/kg selenium in the feed. As a result, technology for the production of eggs delivering approximately 50% (30-35 microg) of the human selenium RDA have been developed and successfully tested. Currently companies all over the world market selenium-enriched eggs including the UK, Ireland, Mexico, Columbia, Malaysia, Thailand, Australia, Turkey, Russia and the Ukraine. Prices for enriched eggs vary from country to country, typically being similar to free-range eggs. Selenium-enriched chicken, pork and beef can also be produced when using organic selenium in the diet of poultry and farm animals. The scientific, technological and other advantages and limitations of producing designer/modified eggs as functional foods are discussed in this review.
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Silver HJ, Dietrich MS, Castellanos VH. Increased energy density of the home-delivered lunch meal improves 24-hour nutrient intakes in older adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:2084-9. [PMID: 19027413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As food intake declines with aging, older adults develop energy and nutrient inadequacies. It is important to design practical approaches to combat insufficient dietary intakes to decrease risk for acute and chronic diseases, illness, and injury. Manipulating the energy density of meals has improved energy intakes in institutional settings, but the effects on community-residing older adults who are at nutrition risk have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether enhancing the energy density of food items regularly served in a home-delivered meals program would increase lunch and 24-hour energy and nutrient intakes. In a randomized crossover counterbalanced design, 45 older adult Older American Act Nutrition Program participants received a regular and enhanced version of a lunch meal on alternate weeks. The types of foods, portion sizes (gram weight), and appearance of the lunch meal was held constant. Consumption of the enhanced meal increased average lunch energy intakes by 86% (P<0.001) and 24-hour energy intakes by 453 kcal (from 1,423.1+/-62.2 to 1,876.2+/-78.3 kcal, P<0.001). The 24-hour intakes of several key macronutrients and micronutrients also improved. These data suggest that altering the energy density of regularly served menu items is an effective strategy to improve dietary intakes of free-living older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Silver
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2713, USA.
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50
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Koski BL, Dunn KS, Shebuski MR. Daily activity patterns of an adult experiencing lower back pain undergoing electro-acupuncture: a case study. Pain Manag Nurs 2008; 10:188-96. [PMID: 19944374 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, adults experiencing lower back pain (LBP) have reported using alternative health care to manage symptoms. Chiropractic techniques, relaxation, and massage have been cited as the most commonly used alternative therapies. Electro-acupuncture (EA), along with conventional health care, has been found to be a useful complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modality in alleviating the disability associated with LBP. The purpose of this single-subject case study was to evaluate the daily activity pattern effects of EA and CAM modality usage on pain intensity levels and functional status of an adult experiencing LBP. Activity patterns and pain intensity ratings were recorded for two consecutive weeks through the use of a daily pain diary in natural environments. Results from the data analyses revealed daily LBP intensity ratings ranging from slight to moderate pain. On average, the participant reported using approximately ten CAM modalities per day. The participant reported decreases in pain intensity levels, increases in energy levels, and feeling better after EA and acupuncture treatments, maintaining an exercise and weight loss regimen, taking megavitamins, drinking teas, praying, singing, and using humor, distraction, and relaxation techniques. Use of herbs and too much exercise were the least effective. Findings suggest that for this patient, EA and certain CAM modalities were effective interventions that promoted well-being and self-healing. In addition, the daily pain diary was found to provide rich research and assessment data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Koski
- School of Nursing, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
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