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Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Nguyen ST, Guo J, Song S, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Sanchez D, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Schupf N, Lantigua RA, Mayeux RP, Gu Y. Physical Activity Moderates the Relationship between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Burden and Cognition in Older Adults. Neuroepidemiology 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38531336 DOI: 10.1159/000536354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Older individuals with a higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden have a higher risk for accelerated cognitive decline and dementia. Physical activity (PA) is an inexpensive and accessible preventive measure to CVD, cognitive impairment, and dementia. The current study examined (1) whether PA moderates the relationship between CVD burden and cognition and (2) whether the moderating effect of PA differs by race/ethnicity groups and by APOE-ɛ4 status. METHODS Our cross-sectional study included participants from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP), a multiethnic, community-based, longitudinal study on aging and dementia among individuals aged 65 years and older who reside in northern Manhattan. All participants underwent an interview and a neuropsychological assessment for global cognition, memory, language, visuospatial, and speed functioning. RESULTS In 2,122 older individuals without dementia, having a higher CVD burden was associated with worse cognitive scores for global, language, speed, and visuospatial cognitive functions. PA mitigated the relationship between CVD burden and visuospatial function. Furthermore, PA mitigated the association of CVD burden with global cognition, language, and visuospatial functions in APOE-ɛ4 carriers but not in non-carriers. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our study suggests that PA may mitigate the negative association between CVD and cognition, especially in APOE-ɛ4 carriers. The moderating effect of PA did not differ by race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA,
| | - Jing Guo
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danurys Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rafael A Lantigua
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Nucci D, Sommariva A, Degoni LM, Gallo G, Mancarella M, Natarelli F, Savoia A, Catalini A, Ferranti R, Pregliasco FE, Castaldi S, Gianfredi V. Association between Mediterranean diet and dementia and Alzheimer disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:77. [PMID: 38519775 PMCID: PMC10959819 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia affects 5-8% of the population aged over 65 years (~50 million worldwide). Several factors are associated with increased risk, including diet. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has shown potential protective effects against several chronic diseases. AIMS This systematic review with meta-analysis aim was to assess the association between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of dementia in the elderly. METHODS PRISMA-2020 guidelines were followed. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched on 17 July 2023. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42023444368). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and by Egger's regression asymmetry test. The final effect size was reported as OR or HR, depending on the study design of the included studies. RESULTS Out of 682 records, 21 were included in the analysis. The pooled OR was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84-0.94) based on 65,955 participants (I2 = 69.94). When only cohort studies were included, HR was 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76-0.94) based on 55,205 participants (I2 = 89.70). When only Alzheimer Disease was considered OR was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.62-0.85) based on 38,292 participants (I2 = 63.85). DISCUSSION Despite the relatively low risk reduction associated with higher adherence to MedDiet among elderly, it should be considered that this population is the most affected. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to MedDiet could be an effective non-pharmacological measure to reduce the burden of dementia, even among elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nucci
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Igiene Alimenti E Nutrizione, Dipartimento Di Igiene E Prevenzione Sanitaria, Azienda Di Tutela Della Salute (ATS) Brescia, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi, 15, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sommariva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Mario Degoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gallo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Mancarella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Natarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Savoia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Catalini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferranti
- Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale Igiene Alimenti E Nutrizione, Dipartimento Di Igiene E Prevenzione Sanitaria, Azienda Di Tutela Della Salute (ATS) Brescia, Via Duca Degli Abruzzi, 15, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Castaldi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 36, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Umoh IO, Dos Reis HJ, de Oliveira ACP. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Pathways, Mechanisms and Breakthrough Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3044. [PMID: 38474288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease mostly affecting the elderly population. It is characterized by cognitive decline that occurs due to impaired neurotransmission and neuronal death. Even though deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated TAU have been established as major pathological hallmarks of the disease, other factors such as the interaction of genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the development and progression of AD. In general, patients initially present mild forgetfulness and difficulty in forming new memories. As it progresses, there are significant impairments in problem solving, social interaction, speech and overall cognitive function of the affected individual. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most recurrent form of arthritis and widely acknowledged as a whole-joint disease, distinguished by progressive degeneration and erosion of joint cartilage accompanying synovitis and subchondral bone changes that can prompt peripheral inflammatory responses. Also predominantly affecting the elderly, OA frequently embroils weight-bearing joints such as the knees, spine and hips leading to pains, stiffness and diminished joint mobility, which in turn significantly impacts the patient's standard of life. Both infirmities can co-occur in older adults as a result of independent factors, as multiple health conditions are common in old age. Additionally, risk factors such as genetics, lifestyle changes, age and chronic inflammation may contribute to both conditions in some individuals. Besides localized peripheral low-grade inflammation, it is notable that low-grade systemic inflammation prompted by OA can play a role in AD pathogenesis. Studies have explored relationships between systemic inflammatory-associated diseases like obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and AD. Given that AD is the most common form of dementia and shares similar risk factors with OA-both being age-related and low-grade inflammatory-associated diseases, OA may indeed serve as a risk factor for AD. This work aims to review literature on molecular mechanisms linking OA and AD pathologies, and explore potential connections between these conditions alongside future prospects and innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiongo Okon Umoh
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Helton Jose Dos Reis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
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Rubinstein T, Brickman AM, Cheng B, Burkett S, Park H, Annavajhala MK, Uhlemann A, Andrews H, Gutierrez J, Paster BJ, Noble JM, Papapanou PN. Periodontitis and brain magnetic resonance imaging markers of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive aging. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2191-2208. [PMID: 38278517 PMCID: PMC10984451 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the association of clinical, microbiological, and host response features of periodontitis with MRI markers of atrophy/cerebrovascular disease in the Washington Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) Ancillary Study of Oral Health. METHODS We analyzed 468 participants with clinical periodontal data, microbial plaque and serum samples, and brain MRIs. We tested the association of periodontitis features with MRI features, after adjusting for multiple risk factors for Alzheimer's disease/Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (AD/ADRD). RESULTS In fully adjusted models, having more teeth was associated with lower odds for infarcts, lower white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, higher entorhinal cortex volume, and higher cortical thickness. Higher extent of periodontitis was associated with lower entorhinal cortex volume and lower cortical thickness. Differential associations emerged between colonization by specific bacteria/serum antibacterial IgG responses and MRI outcomes. DISCUSSION In an elderly cohort, clinical, microbiological, and serological features of periodontitis were associated with MRI findings related to ADRD risk. Further investigation of causal associations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Rubinstein
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandra Burkett
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Heekuk Park
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Medini K. Annavajhala
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne‐Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and, Surgeons, Irving Medical CenterColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard Andrews
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- The Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and ImmunityHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James M. Noble
- Department of NeurologyVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain and Gertrude H. Sergievsky CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Panos N. Papapanou
- Division of PeriodonticsSection of OralDiagnostic and Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Dental MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Xu W, Xu Z, Guo Y, Wu J. Two decades of research on the role of diet in Alzheimer's disease (2003-2023): a bibliometric and visual analysis based on CiteSpace. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:9. [PMID: 38233906 PMCID: PMC10795327 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the impact of diet on Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a modifiable lifestyle has attracted widespread attention. We aimed to elucidate the current research status, frontiers, and research trends regarding the role of diet in AD over the past two decades through CiteSpace. METHODS Studies related to AD and diet that were published from January 1, 2003, to June 30, 2023, were retrieved via the Web of Science Core Collection. We imported the study data into CiteSpace for visual analysis of countries, institutions, co-authors, and co-occurring keywords. RESULTS A total of 922 relevant studies were included in our analysis, which found Nikolaos Scarmeas was the most prolific author (13 studies, 1.41%). The results also indicated that USA and Columbia University were the country and institution with the highest number of publications, with 209 (22.67%) and 23 (2.49%), respectively. The keywords that had a burst in the past four years were neuroinflammation, AD, tau, association, and beta. CONCLUSION Talent exchange and regional cooperation are recommended in this study field. The results indicate that the effectiveness of various dietary patterns and mechanisms of dietary interventions using biomarkers and supplementation with refined nutrients will be the main research trends in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyin Xu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyanran Xu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Butterfield DA. Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:103-197. [PMID: 37843394 PMCID: PMC11281823 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, and it seems to link different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD neuropathology with high fidelity. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, mainly because of its unique lipid composition, resulting in an amplified cascade of redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. The present review highlights the "OS hypothesis of AD," including amyloid beta-peptide-associated mechanisms, the role of lipid and protein oxidation unraveled by redox proteomics, and the antioxidant strategies that have been investigated to modulate the progression of AD. Collected studies from our groups and others have contributed to unraveling the close relationships between perturbation of redox homeostasis in the brain and AD neuropathology by elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, the complexity of AD pathological mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding of several major intracellular pathways affecting redox homeostasis and relevant for brain functions. This understanding is crucial to developing pharmacological strategies targeting OS-mediated toxicity that may potentially contribute to slow AD progression as well as improve the quality of life of persons with this severe dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Costache AD, Ignat BE, Grosu C, Mastaleru A, Abdulan I, Oancea A, Roca M, Leon MM, Badescu MC, Luca S, Jigoranu AR, Chetran A, Mitu O, Costache II, Mitu F. Inflammatory Pathways in Overweight and Obese Persons as a Potential Mechanism for Cognitive Impairment and Earlier Onset Alzeihmer's Dementia in the General Population: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3233. [PMID: 38137454 PMCID: PMC10741501 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The overweight status or obesity can be confirmed through classical methods such as the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Apart from metabolic issues such as atherosclerosis, liver steatosis, or diabetes mellitus, long-term obesity or overweight status can pose a risk for cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. While some acute adverse events like coronary syndromes of strokes are well-documented to be linked to an increased body mass, there are also chronic processes that, due to their silent onset and evolution, are underdiagnosed and not as thoroughly studied. Through this review, we aimed to collect all relevant data with regard to the long-term impact of obesity on cognitive function in all ages and its correlation with an earlier onset of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact mechanisms through which a decline in cognitive functions occurs in overweight or obese persons are still being discussed. A combination of factors has been acknowledged as potential triggers, such as a sedentary lifestyle and stress, as well as a genetic predisposition, for example, the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles in AD. Most research highlights the impact of vascular dysfunction and systemic inflammation on the nervous system in patients with obesity and the subsequent neurological changes. Obesity during the early to mid-ages leads to an earlier onset of cognitive dysfunction in various forms. Also, lifestyle intervention can reverse cognitive dysfunction, especially dieting, to encourage weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Dan Costache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Emilian Ignat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Grosu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mastaleru
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Abdulan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andra Oancea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Stefana Luca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Raul Jigoranu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Chetran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.C.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (A.O.); (M.R.); (M.M.L.); (M.C.B.); (S.L.); (A.R.J.); (A.C.); (O.M.); (I.I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 927180 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Brandão LEM, Popa A, Cedernaes E, Cedernaes C, Lampola L, Cedernaes J. Exposure to a more unhealthy diet impacts sleep microstructure during normal sleep and recovery sleep: A randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023. [PMID: 37245331 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although intake of specific macronutrients has been associated with sleep parameters, interventional evidence is lacking. Therefore, this randomized trial was conducted to examine how a more unhealthy high-fat/high-sugar (HFHS) diet impacts sleep in humans. METHODS In a crossover study, 15 healthy young men consumed two isocaloric diets in random order for a week: an HFHS and a low-fat/low-sugar diet. Following each diet, in-lab sleep was recorded using polysomnography during a full night of sleep and during recovery sleep after extended wakefulness. Sleep duration, macrostructure, and microstructure (oscillatory pattern and slow waves) were investigated using machine learning-based algorithms. RESULTS Sleep duration did not differ across the diets based on actigraphy and the in-lab polysomnography. Sleep macrostructure was similar after 1 week on each diet. Compared with the low-fat/low-sugar diet, consumption of the HFHS diet resulted in reduced delta power, delta to beta ratio, and slow wave amplitude but increased alpha and theta power during deep sleep. During recovery sleep, similar sleep oscillatory changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Short-term consumption of a more unhealthy diet alters sleep oscillatory features that regulate the restorative properties of sleep. Whether such changes can mediate adverse health outcomes associated with consumption of an unhealthier diet warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandru Popa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lauri Lampola
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Brain N-Glycosylation and Lipidomic Profile Changes Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Dyslipidemic Hamsters. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032883. [PMID: 36769208 PMCID: PMC9918045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of diets rich in saturated fats is known to be associated with higher mortality. The adoption of healthy habits, for instance adhering to a Mediterranean diet, has proved to exert a preventive effect towards cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia. Little is known about how a suboptimal diet can affect brain function, structure, and the mechanisms involved. The aims of this study were to examine how a high-fat diet can alter the brain N-glycan and lipid profile in male Golden Syrian hamsters and to evaluate the potential of a Mediterranean-like diet to reverse this situation. During twelve weeks, hamsters were fed a normal fat diet (CTRL group), a high-fat diet (HFD group), and a high-fat diet followed by a Mediterranean-like diet (MED group). Out of seventy-two identified N-glycans, fourteen were significant (p < 0.05) between HFD and CTRL groups, nine between MED and CTRL groups, and one between MED and HFD groups. Moreover, forty-nine lipids were altered between HFD and CTRL groups, seven between MED and CTRL groups, and five between MED and HFD groups. Our results suggest that brain N-glycan composition in high-fat diet-fed hamsters can produce events comparable to those found in some neurodegenerative diseases, and may promote brain ageing.
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11
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Crowder SL, Welniak TL, Hoogland AI, Small BJ, Rodriguez Y, Carpenter KM, Fischer SM, Li D, Kinney AY, Rotroff D, Mariam A, Brownstein N, Reich RR, Hembree T, Playdon MC, Arthur AE, Vieytes CAM, Li Z, Extermann M, Kim R, Berry DL, Jim HSL. Diet quality indices and changes in cognition during chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2022; 31:75. [PMID: 36544032 PMCID: PMC10127432 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE No evidence-based prevention strategies currently exist for cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD). Although patients are often advised to engage in healthy lifestyle activities (e.g., nutritious diet), little is known about the impact of diet on preventing CRCD. This secondary analysis evaluated the association of pre-treatment diet quality indices on change in self-reported cognition during chemotherapy. METHODS Study participants (n = 96) completed the Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) before receiving their first infusion and the PROMIS cognitive function and cognitive abilities questionnaires before infusion and again 5 days later (i.e., when symptoms were expected to be their worst). Diet quality indices included the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED), and a low carbohydrate diet index and their components. Descriptive statistics were generated for demographic and clinical variables and diet indices. Residualized change models were computed to examine whether diet was associated with change in cognitive function and cognitive abilities, controlling for age, sex, cancer type, treatment type, depression, and fatigue. RESULTS Study participants had a mean age of 59 ± 10.8 years and 69% were female. Although total diet index scores did not predict change in cognitive function or cognitive abilities, higher pre-treatment ratio of aMED monounsaturated/saturated fat was associated with less decline in cognitive function and cognitive abilities at 5-day post-infusion (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Higher pre-treatment ratio of monounsaturated/saturated fat intake was associated with less CRCD early in chemotherapy. Results suggest greater monounsaturated fat and less saturated fat intake could be protective against CRCD during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Crowder
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Taylor L Welniak
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Aasha I Hoogland
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brent J Small
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yvelise Rodriguez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Stacy M Fischer
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daneng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Anita Y Kinney
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arshiya Mariam
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Naomi Brownstein
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard R Reich
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tim Hembree
- Department of Internal and Hospital Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mary C Playdon
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna E Arthur
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christian AMaino Vieytes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Zonggui Li
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Newtown, MA, USA
| | - Martine Extermann
- Department of Senior Adult Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Richard Kim
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Donna L Berry
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather S L Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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12
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Migliore L, Coppedè F. Gene-environment interactions in Alzheimer disease: the emerging role of epigenetics. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:643-660. [PMID: 36180553 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the exception of a few monogenic forms, Alzheimer disease (AD) has a complex aetiology that is likely to involve multiple susceptibility genes and environmental factors. The role of environmental factors is difficult to determine and, until a few years ago, the molecular mechanisms underlying gene-environment (G × E) interactions in AD were largely unknown. Here, we review evidence that has emerged over the past two decades to explain how environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle, alcohol, smoking and pollutants, might interact with the human genome. In particular, we discuss how various environmental AD risk factors can induce epigenetic modifications of key AD-related genes and pathways and consider how epigenetic mechanisms could contribute to the effects of oxidative stress on AD onset. Studies on early-life exposures are helping to uncover critical time windows of sensitivity to epigenetic influences from environmental factors, thereby laying the foundations for future primary preventative approaches. We conclude that epigenetic modifications need to be considered when assessing G × E interactions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Song S, Gaynor AM, Cruz E, Lee S, Gazes Y, Habeck C, Stern Y, Gu Y. Mediterranean Diet and White Matter Hyperintensity Change over Time in Cognitively Intact Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:3664. [PMID: 36079921 PMCID: PMC9460774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence on the impact of Mediterranean diet (MeDi) on white matter hyperintensity (WMH) trajectory is scarce. This study aims to examine whether greater adherence to MeDi is associated with less accumulation of WMH. This population-based longitudinal study included 183 cognitively intact adults aged 20−80 years. The MeDi score was obtained from a self-reported food frequency questionnaire; WMH was assessed by 3T MRI. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the effect of MeDi on WMH change. Covariates included socio-demographic factors and brain markers. Moderation effects by age, gender, and race/ethnicity were examined, followed by stratification analyses. Among all participants, WMH increased from baseline to follow-up (mean difference [follow-up-baseline] [standard deviation] = 0.31 [0.48], p < 0.001). MeDi adherence was negatively associated with the increase in WMH (β = −0.014, 95% CI = −0.026−−0.001, p = 0.034), adjusting for all covariates. The association between MeDi and WMH change was moderated by age (young group = reference, p-interaction[middle-aged × MeDi] = 0.075, p-interaction[older × MeDi] = 0.037). The association between MeDi and WMH change was observed among the young group (β = −0.035, 95% CI = −0.058−−0.013, p = 0.003), but not among other age groups. Moderation effects by gender and race/ethnicity did not reach significance. Greater adherence to MeDi was associated with a lesser increase in WMH over time. Following a healthy diet, especially at younger age, may help to maintain a healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhang Song
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Gaynor
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily Cruz
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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14
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Camellia oil improves Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Khalil M, Shanmugam H, Abdallah H, John Britto JS, Galerati I, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:3112. [PMID: 35956289 PMCID: PMC9370259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term "Mitochondria nutrients" has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Jerlin Stephy John Britto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galerati
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
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Fukuoka T, Irie S, Watanabe Y, Kutsuna T, Abe A. The relationship between spatiotemporal gait parameters and cognitive function in healthy adults: protocol for a cross-sectional study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:154. [PMID: 35879785 PMCID: PMC9310397 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor dysfunctions, such as slower walking speed, precede the occurrence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment, suggesting that walking parameters are effective biomarkers for detecting early sub-clinical cognitive risk. It is often also concurrent with self-complained cognitive dysfunction, called motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome. Our preliminary study found several walking parameters, obtained by a three-dimensional motion capture system, to be correlated with computer-based assessments of various cognitive function modalities, although the sample size was small. The Cognitive-Gait (CoGait) Database Project, described in the current protocol, aims to establish a database of multi-dimensional walking and cognitive performance data, collected from a large sample of healthy participants, crucial for detecting early sub-clinical cognitive risk. METHODS We will recruit healthy volunteers, 20 years or older, without any neurological musculoskeletal or psychiatric disorders. The estimated sample size is 450 participants, including a 10% attrition rate. Using computer-based cognitive assessments, participants will perform six tasks: (i) the simple reaction time task, (ii) Go/No-Go task, (iii) Stroop Color-Word Test, (iv) N-back test, (v) Trail Making Test, and (vi) digit span test. We will also conduct paper-based cognitive assessments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 for assessing MCR. Gait will be measured through joint kinematics and global positioning in participants' lower legs while walking at a comfortable and faster pace, using pants with an inertial measurement unit-based three-dimensional motion capture system. Finally, we will establish a prediction model for various cognitive performance modalities based on walking performance. DISCUSSION This will be the first study to reveal the relationship between walking and cognitive performance using multi-dimensional data collected from a large sample of healthy adults, from the general population. Despite certain methodological limitations such as the accuracy of measurements, the CoGait database is expected to be the standard value for both walking and cognitive functions, supporting the evaluation of psychomotor function in early sub-clinical cognitive risk identification, including motoric-cognitive risk syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Irie
- R&D division, Xenoma Inc, Tokyo, 143-0013 Japan
- Division of Smart Healthcare Research, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu, Tochigi, 321-0293 Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Watanabe
- Major of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, 144-8535 Japan
| | - Toshiki Kutsuna
- Major of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, 144-8535 Japan
| | - Akiko Abe
- Major of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, 144-8535 Japan
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Inamura K, Shinagawa S, Nagata T, Tagai K, Nukariya K, Shigeta M. Education level is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with amnestic-mild cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:343-352. [PMID: 35181960 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined differences in the severity of neuropsychiatric symptom (NPS) subsyndromes according to education level among patients with amnestic-mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) with the aim of identifying patient demographics related to NPS subsyndromes. METHODS Overall, 140 patients with a-MCI were included. We divided the patients into three groups according to their educational level (primary education, middle education, and high education) and compared their demographics. To explore the severity of NPS subsyndromes according to educational level, we used the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) after adjustments for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. Finally, NPS subsyndromes that were identified as being related to educational level were further explored using a general linear model (GLM). RESULTS Significant differences in several demographics were observed among the three groups. Among the NPS subsyndromes, the scores for aggressiveness were significantly higher in the primary and high education groups than in the middle education group, while the apathy/eating problem scores were significantly higher in the primary education group than in the other groups. The GLM analyses showed that aggressiveness was related to marital status and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI-J) score, while apathy/eating problems were related to the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) percentage, the ZBI-J score, and the education level in years. CONCLUSIONS Among NPS subsyndromes, aggressiveness and apathy/eating problems differed according to education level in patients with a-MCI. A GLM analysis suggested that not only education level, but also various other factors should be considered when determining the need for NPS interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Inamura
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Nagata
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nukariya
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shigeta
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Stauber Z, Razavi AC, Sarris L, Harlan TS, Monlezun DJ. Multisite Medical Student-Led Community Culinary Medicine Classes Improve Patients' Diets: Machine Learning-Augmented Propensity Score-Adjusted Fixed Effects Cohort Analysis of 1381 Subjects. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:214-220. [PMID: 35370515 PMCID: PMC8971690 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619893602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Healthy diet represents one of the largest single modifiable risk factors proven to decrease rates of obesity and associated chronic disease, but practical approaches to improving dietary habits through nutritional intervention are limited. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a medical student-led, 6-week culinary course on participants' dietary knowledge and behaviors, particularly focusing on the tenets of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). Design. This study is a prospective multisite cohort study evaluating the effects of a 6-week, hands-on community culinary education course offered at 3 sites. Participants' knowledge of cooking skills, eating habits, and adherence to the MedDiet were evaluated using a survey prior to beginning and 6 weeks after the completion of the course. Analysis was conducted using multivariable regression to assess subjects' diets, associated behaviors, and nutrition beliefs according to the number of classes to which they were exposed (0 to >6). Statistical results were then compared with the machine learning results to check statistical validity after selection of the top-performing algorithm from 43 supervised algorithms using 10-fold cross-validation with performance assessed according to accuracy, root relative square error, and root mean square error. Results. Among the 1381 participants, cooking classes significantly improved patients' overall 9-point MedDiet adherence (β = 0.62, 95% CI 0.23-1.00, P = .002). Participants were more likely to meet MedDiet point requirements for fruit intake (odds ratio [OR] 2.77, 95% CI 1.46-5.23, P = .002), vegetable intake (OR 4.61, 95% CI 1.85-11.53, P = .001), legume intake (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.45-4.26, P = .001), and olive oil use (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.44-5.74, P = .003), and were less likely to believe that cooking takes excessive time (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.16-0.59, P < .001). Conclusion. Hands-on culinary education courses were associated with increased MedDiet adherence and improved knowledge of healthful eating. Such interventions thus represent a cost-effective option for addressing rates of obesity and obesity-related chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Stauber
- Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ZS, ACR, LS, TSH, DJM)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ACR)
- Department of Cardiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas (DJM)
| | - Alexander C Razavi
- Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ZS, ACR, LS, TSH, DJM)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ACR)
- Department of Cardiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas (DJM)
| | - Leah Sarris
- Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ZS, ACR, LS, TSH, DJM)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ACR)
- Department of Cardiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas (DJM)
| | - Timothy S Harlan
- Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ZS, ACR, LS, TSH, DJM)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ACR)
- Department of Cardiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas (DJM)
| | - Dominique J Monlezun
- Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ZS, ACR, LS, TSH, DJM)
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (ACR)
- Department of Cardiology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas (DJM)
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19
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Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mediterranean Diet. A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204642. [PMID: 34682764 PMCID: PMC8537524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a pathology with increasing prevalence in the context of a more long-lived society and it is the first cause of dementia in western countries. It is important to investigate factors that can be protective and may influence its development, in order to act on them trying to reduce AD incidence and its progression. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effects of a higher adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) on Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD. A literature search in PubMed, The Cochrane Library Plus and Scopus was conducted, selecting articles that analyzed associations between MD adherence and AD biomarkers (Volumetry assessed by MRI and betamiloide and Tau deposits by PET); cognitive performance in patients at risk or presenting MCI and AD; and incidence or progression from MCI to AD. Out of the 589 studies screened, 22 studies met eligibility criteria for the systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Finally, 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis (12,458 participants). Higher adherence to MD was associated with a significantly lower risk of MCI (RR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.85–0.97) and lower risk of AD (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.93). Our results enhance the importance of taking health-promoting lifestyle measures like following Mediterranean dietary patterns in order to reduce AD risk.
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20
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Jahić Mujkić A, Tušek Žnidarič M, Berbić S, Žerovnik E. Synergy of the Inhibitory Action of Polyphenols Plus Vitamin C on Amyloid Fibril Formation: Case Study of Human Stefin B. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1471. [PMID: 34573102 PMCID: PMC8464686 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study how polyphenols and vitamin C (vitC) together affect protein aggregation to amyloid fibrils, we performed similar in vitro studies as before using stefin B as a model and a potentially amyloid-forming protein (it aggregates upon overexpression, under stressful conditions and some progressive myoclonus epilepsy of tape 1-EPM1-missense mutations). In addition to the chosen polyphenol, this time, we added a proven antioxidant concentration of 0.5 mM vitC into the fibrillation mixture and varied concentrations of resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin. Synergy with vitC was observed with curcumin and quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Jahić Mujkić
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 1, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.J.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Selma Berbić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tuzla, Univerzitetska 1, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.J.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Eva Žerovnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Apostolaki I, Pepa A, Vlassopoulos A, Kapsokefalou M. Social Capital and Self-Perceived Quality of Life-Interrelated Predictors of Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:3100. [PMID: 34578978 PMCID: PMC8465589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Living a healthy life in a supporting environment are key elements towards higher diet quality in older age. The Mediterranean Diet in Older Adults (MINOA) study collected cross-sectional data from adults ≥65 years old (n = 436) from April 2014 to November 2015 in rural Crete, aiming to understand the interrelations between Mediterranean Diet adherence, Social Capital and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL). Multivariate linear regression, carried out using SPSS 20.0, revealed that both Social Capital and HRQL has a positive impact on Mediterranean Diet adherence after adjustment for confounders and independently of each other. Total Social Capital as well as its Value of Life/Social Agency component (β = 0.04 and β = 0.1, p < 0.05, respectively) had a positive relationship with Mediterranean Diet adherence. As far as HRQL is concerned, only the Physical Health components were found to have a positive association with Mediterranean Diet adherence (β = 0.09, p < 0.001). At the same time Total Social Capital was also seen to have a positive relationship with perceived Physical and Mental Health (β = 0.21 and β = 0.28, p < 0.001, respectively). In a population of older adults Social Capital, HRQL and Mediterranean Diet adherence seem to share intricate interrelations that impact both diet quality and quality of life overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Apostolaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (A.P.); (A.V.)
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aleks Pepa
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (A.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Antonis Vlassopoulos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (A.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Kapsokefalou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece; (I.A.); (A.P.); (A.V.)
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22
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Jensen DEA, Leoni V, Klein-Flügge MC, Ebmeier KP, Suri S. Associations of dietary markers with brain volume and connectivity: A systematic review of MRI studies. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101360. [PMID: 33991658 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of unhealthy dietary patterns and related brain disorders, such as dementia, emphasizes the importance of research that examines the effect of dietary factors on brain health. Identifying markers of brain health, such as volume and connectivity, that relate to diet is an important first step towards understanding the lifestyle determinants of healthy brain ageing. We conducted a systematic review of 52 studies (total n = 21,221 healthy participants aged 26-80 years, 55 % female) that assessed with a range of MRI measurements, which brain areas, connections, and cerebrovascular factors were associated with dietary markers. We report associations between regional brain measures and dietary health. Collectively, lower diet quality was related to reduced brain volume and connectivity, especially in white and grey matter of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobe, cingulate, entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus. Associations were also observed in connecting fibre pathways and in particular the default-mode, sensorimotor and attention networks. However, there were also some inconsistencies in research methods and findings. We recommend that future research use more comprehensive and consistent dietary measures, more representative samples, and examine the role of key subcortical regions previously highlighted in relevant animal work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria E A Jensen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX37JX, UK.
| | - Virginia Leoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Miriam C Klein-Flügge
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Tinsley building, OX1 3SR, UK
| | | | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK; Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, OX37JX, UK
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23
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Nicoli C, Galbussera AA, Bosetti C, Franchi C, Gallus S, Mandelli S, Marcon G, Quadri P, Riso P, Riva E, Lucca U, Tettamanti M. The role of diet on the risk of dementia in the oldest old: The Monzino 80-plus population-based study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4783-4791. [PMID: 34242918 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Longevity also carries its dark side of age-related chronic diseases, dementia being one of the worst and the most prevalent. Since dementia lacks effective treatments, preventing or delaying it is highly desirable. Dietary habits and nutrition have been found to be important modifiable risk factors for many chronic diseases, but evidence on the role of diet on the risk of dementia is still limited, particularly among the very old. Aim of the present work is to study the association of the Mediterranean diet and its components with prevalent and incident dementia in the oldest-old. METHODS We analyzed data from the Monzino 80-plus study, a population-based study in subjects 80 years or older in the Varese province, Italy. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to collect information on 23 different foods consumed in the previous year. A Mediterranean diet score was calculated and its components were classified into tertiles. Multivariable models for dementia prevalence and incidence were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS Information on nutrition was available for 1390 subjects in the cross-sectional study and 512 subjects in the longitudinal study, mean respective ages 93 and 92. Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet, greater consumption of eggs, fruits and vegetables, carbohydrates, and greater food intake were associated with a lower prevalence of dementia. Increasing number of portions per week and consumption of legumes significantly decreased the incidence of dementia during the 3.6 year mean follow-up: corresponding hazard ratios of highest vs. lowest tertiles (95% confidence intervals) were 0.66 (0.46-0.95) and 0.68 (0.47-0.97), respectively. CONCLUSION Oldest-old eating less and having diets with less variety and nutrient density were more frequent among subjects with dementia. The longitudinal analysis confirmed oldest-old subjects who eat more portions, as well as those who have a higher intake of legumes, are at decreased risk of developing dementia even though reverse causality cannot be completely ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nicoli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Alessia Antonella Galbussera
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Cristina Bosetti
- Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Carlotta Franchi
- Laboratory of Quality Assessment of Geriatric Therapies and Services, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy; Italian Institute for Planetary Health, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Laboratory of Lifestyle Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Sara Mandelli
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Gabriella Marcon
- Department of Medical Science, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, (TS), Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Via Costantino Costantinides 2, 34128, Trieste, (TS), Italy; DAME, University of Udine, Via Palladio 8, 33100, Udine, (UD), Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Quadri
- Ospedale Della Beata Vergine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Regionale di Mendrisio, Via Turconi 23, 6850, Mendrisio, Switzerland.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Emma Riva
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Ugo Lucca
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, (MI), Italy.
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24
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Litke R, Garcharna LC, Jiwani S, Neugroschl J. Modifiable Risk Factors in Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias: A Review. Clin Ther 2021; 43:953-965. [PMID: 34108080 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) have long been considered nonpreventable and even an inevitable consequence of aging, recent findings from longitudinal studies indicate a downtrend in age-adjusted incidence and prevalence of ADRDs in Western countries. This remarkable trend might be the result of improved management of so-called modifiable risk factors. The aim of this review is to present evidence of modifiable factors of ADRDs in a life-course approach. METHODS A PubMed database search was conducted between November and December 2020 to identify relevant studies evaluating the role of modifiable risk factors in the development of ADRDs. Key words (Alzheimer's disease and modifiable risk factors) were used and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. FINDINGS This review identifies modifiable factors for ADRDs divided into early-life, middle-life, and late-life risk factors, depending on the available window of preventive action. According to life course exposure, factors can be protective or deleterious for ADRDs that participate in the underlying pathophysiologic complexity of these diseases as well as the complexity for public health measures implementations. IMPLICATIONS The available evidence derived from epidemiologic, preclinical, interventional studies suggest that modifiable risk factors for ADRDs offer opportunities for therapeutic and preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Litke
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | | | - Salima Jiwani
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Judith Neugroschl
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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25
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Nutrition Module design in Maintain Your Brain: an internet-based randomised controlled trial to prevent cognitive decline and dementia. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:1259-1268. [PMID: 34078487 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Maintain Your Brain (MYB) trial is one of the largest internet-delivered multidomain randomised controlled trial designed to target modifiable risk factors for dementia. It comprises four intervention modules: physical activity, nutrition, mental health and cognitive training. This paper explains the MYB Nutrition Module, which is a fully online intervention promoting the adoption of the 'traditional' Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) pattern for those participants reporting dietary intake that does not indicate adherence to a Mediterranean-type cuisine or those who have chronic diseases/risk factors for dementia known to benefit from this type of diet. Participants who were eligible for the Nutrition Module were assigned to one of the three diet streams: Main, Malnutrition and Alcohol group, according to their medical history and adherence to the MedDiet at baseline. A short dietary questionnaire was administered weekly during the first 10 weeks and then monthly during the 3-year follow-up to monitor whether participants adopted or maintained the MedDiet pattern during the intervention. As the Nutrition Module is a fully online intervention, resources that promoted self-efficacy, self-management and process of change were important elements to be included in the module development. The Nutrition Module is unique in that it is able to individualise the dietary advice according to both the medical and dietary history of each participant; the results from this unique intervention will contribute substantively to the evidence that links the Mediterranean-type diet with cognitive function and the prevention of dementia and will increase our understanding of the benefits of a MedDiet in a Western country.
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26
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Nooyens ACJ, Yildiz B, Hendriks LG, Bas S, van Boxtel MPJ, Picavet HSJ, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM. Adherence to dietary guidelines and cognitive decline from middle age: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:871-881. [PMID: 34004676 PMCID: PMC8408878 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, in particular the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with better cognitive function and less cognitive decline in older populations. OBJECTIVES To quantify associations of a healthy diet, defined by adherence to either the Mediterranean diet, the WHO guidelines, or Dutch Health Council dietary guidelines, with cognitive function and cognitive decline from middle age into old age. METHODS From the Doetinchem Cohort Study, a large population-based longitudinal study, 3644 participants (51% females) aged 45-75 y at baseline, were included. Global cognitive function, memory, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility were assessed at 5-y time intervals up to 20-y follow-up. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured with the modified Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS), adherence to the WHO dietary guidelines with the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), and adherence to the Dutch Health Council dietary guidelines 2015 with the modified Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 index (mDHD15-index). The scores on the dietary indices were classified in tertiles (low, medium, high adherence). Linear mixed models were used to model level and change in cognitive function by adherence to healthy diets. RESULTS The highest tertiles of the mMDS, HDI, and mDHD15-index were associated with better cognitive function compared with the lowest tertiles (P values <0.01), for instance at age 65 y equal to being 2 y cognitively younger in global cognition. In addition, compared with the lowest tertiles, the highest tertiles of the mMDS, HDI, and mDHD15-index were statistically significantly associated with 6-7% slower global cognitive decline from age 55 to 75 y, but also slower decline in processing speed (for mMDS: 10%; 95% CI: 2, 18%; for mDHD15: 12%; 95% CI: 6, 21%) and cognitive flexibility (for mDHD15: 10%; 95% CI: 4, 18%). CONCLUSIONS Healthier dietary habits, determined by higher adherence to dietary guidelines, are associated with better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline with aging from middle age onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berivan Yildiz
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands,Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa G Hendriks
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sharell Bas
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P J van Boxtel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention, and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands,Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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27
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Kyprianidou M, Christophi CA, Giannakou K. Quarantine during COVID-19 outbreak: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the Cypriot population. Nutrition 2021; 90:111313. [PMID: 34119718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze adherence to the Mediterranean diet among the adult general population of Cyprus during the COVID-19 confinement. METHODS This was an Internet-based, cross-sectional study that collected information about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and other dietary details, physical activity levels, and smoking habits using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey was conducted between April 6 and June 20, 2020, 1 to 2.5 mo after the initiation of the social confinement measures. RESULTS There were 1485 Cypriot adults who participated in the study. The median Mediterranean diet score was 21 (q1 = 19, q3 = 24) with men, married individuals, residents of rural regions, and physically active participants being more adherent to the Mediterranean diet compared with women; unmarried, divorced, or widowed; residents of urban regions; and physically inactive participants, respectively (P < 0.05). Multinomial logistic regression showed that being ≥45 y of age and physically active was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet score, whereas being unmarried, divorced, or widowed and a current smoker was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet during the confinement imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic among the Cypriot adult population was associated with male sex, age >45 y, being married, being physically active, and being resident of rural regions. The importance of better understanding of nutritional behavior during COVID-19 lockdowns is emphasized so public health authorities can plan future lockdown policies on nutritional recommendations, should a new pandemic occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyprianidou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas A Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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28
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Clark AL, Weigand AJ, Thomas KR, Solders SK, Delano-Wood L, Bondi MW, Bernier RA, Sundermann EE, Banks SJ, Bangen KJ. Elevated Inflammatory Markers and Arterial Stiffening Exacerbate Tau but Not Amyloid Pathology in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1451-1463. [PMID: 33682714 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cerebrovascular and neuroinflammatory processes have been independently identified as key mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although their interactive effects have yet to be fully examined. OBJECTIVE The current study examined 1) the influence of pulse pressure (PP) and inflammatory markers on AD protein levels and 2) links between protein biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study included 218 ADNI (81 cognitively normal [CN], 137 MCI) participants who underwent lumbar punctures, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping, and cognitive testing. Cerebrospinal (CSF) levels of eight pro-inflammatory markers were used to create an inflammation composite, and amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and total tau (t-tau) were quantified. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses controlling for age, education, and APOE ɛ4 genotype revealed significant PP x inflammation interactions for t-tau (B = 0.88, p = 0.01) and p-tau (B = 0.84, p = 0.02); higher inflammation was associated with higher levels of tau within the MCI group. However, within the CN group, analyses revealed a significant PP x inflammation interaction for Aβ42 (B = -1.01, p = 0.02); greater inflammation was associated with higher levels of Aβ42 (indicative of lower cerebral amyloid burden) in those with lower PP. Finally, higher levels of tau were associated with poorer memory performance within the MCI group only (p s < 0.05). CONCLUSION PP and inflammation exert differential effects on AD CSF proteins and provide evidence that vascular risk is associated with greater AD pathology across our sample of CN and MCI older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Clark
- Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Weigand
- Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego (SDSU/UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey R Thomas
- Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seraphina K Solders
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Bondi
- Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A Bernier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Sundermann
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J Bangen
- Research Services, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activity of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracts Obtained from Quercetano Cultivar Trees Grown in Different Areas of the Tuscany Region (Italy). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030421. [PMID: 33801925 PMCID: PMC8000409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are driven by several mechanisms such as inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. So far, no therapeutic strategies are available for neurodegenerative diseases and in recent years the research is focusing on bioactive molecules present in food. In particular, extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenols have been associated to neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated the potential antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of two different EVOO extracts obtained from Quercetano cultivar trees grown in two different areas (plain and hill) of the Tuscany region (Italy). The different geographical origin of the orchards influenced phenol composition. Plain extract presented a higher content of phenyl ethyl alcohols, cinnammic acids, oleacein, oleocanthal and flavones; meanwhile, hill extract was richer in lignans. Hill extract was more effective in protecting differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from peroxide stress thanks to a marked upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1, thioredoxin Reductase 1 and glutathione reductase. Proteomic analysis revealed that hill extract plays a role in the regulation of proteins involved in neuronal plasticity and activation of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that EVOOs can have important neuroprotective activities, but these effects are strictly related to their specific phenol composition.
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Mitchell A, Fall T, Melhus H, Wolk A, Michaëlsson K, Byberg L. Is the effect of Mediterranean diet on hip fracture mediated through type 2 diabetes mellitus and body mass index? Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:234-244. [PMID: 33367703 PMCID: PMC7938512 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether the inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and hip fracture risk is mediated by incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI). METHODS We included 50 755 men and women from the Cohort of Swedish Men and the Swedish Mammography Cohort who answered lifestyle and medical questionnaires in 1997 and 2008 (used for calculation of the Mediterranean diet score 9mMED; low, medium, high) and BMI in 1997, and incident T2DM in 1997-2008). The cumulative incidence of hip fracture from the National Patient Register (2009-14) was considered as outcome. RESULTS We present conditional odds ratios (OR) 9[95% confidence interval, CI) of hip fracture for medium and high adherence to mMED, compared with low adherence. The total effect ORs were 0.82 (0.71, 0.95) and 0.75 (0.62, 0.91), respectively. The controlled direct effect of mMED on hip fracture (not mediated by T2DM, considering BMI as an exposure-induced confounder), calculated using inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models, rendered ORs of 0.82 (0.72, 0.95) and 0.73 (0.60, 0.88), respectively. The natural direct effect ORs (not mediated by BMI or T2DM, calculated using flexible mediation analysis) were 0.82 (0.71, 0.95) and 0.74(0.61, 0.89), respectively. The path-specific indirect and partial indirect natural effects ORs (through BMI or T2DM) were close to 1. CONCLUSIONS Mediterranean diet has a direct effect on hip fracture risk via pathways other than through T2DM and BMI. We cannot exclude mediating effects of T2DM or BMI, or that their effects cancel each other out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mitchell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
A three-part mechanism is proposed for the induction of Alzheimer’s disease: (1) decreased blood lactic acid; (2) increased blood ceramide and adipokines; (3) decreased blood folic acid. The age-related nature of these mechanisms comes from age-associated decreased muscle mass, increased visceral fat and changes in diet. This mechanism also explains why many people do not develop Alzheimer’s disease. Simple changes in lifestyle and diet can prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a cascade of events that culminates in damage to the blood–brain barrier and damage to neurons. The blood–brain barrier keeps toxic molecules out of the brain and retains essential molecules in the brain. Lactic acid is a nutrient to the brain and is produced by exercise. Damage to endothelial cells and pericytes by inadequate lactic acid leads to blood–brain barrier damage and brain damage. Inadequate folate intake and oxidative stress induced by activation of transient receptor potential cation channels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase damage the blood–brain barrier. NAD depletion due to inadequate intake of nicotinamide and alterations in the kynurenine pathway damages neurons. Changes in microRNA levels may be the terminal events that cause neuronal death leading to Alzheimer’s disease. A new mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease induction is presented involving lactic acid, ceramide, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, folate, nicotinamide, kynurenine metabolites and microRNA.
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Liu X, Morris MC, Dhana K, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, Bishop L, Hollings CS, Boulin A, Laranjo N, Stubbs BJ, Reilly X, Carey VJ, Wang Y, Furtado JD, Marcovina SM, Tangney C, Aggarwal NT, Arfanakis K, Sacks FM, Barnes LL. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) study: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial of the MIND diet on cognitive decline. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 102:106270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prakashkumar N, Sivamaruthi BS, Chaiyasut C, Suganthy N. Decoding the Neuroprotective Potential of Methyl Gallate-Loaded Starch Nanoparticles against Beta Amyloid-Induced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis: An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:299. [PMID: 33668877 PMCID: PMC7996348 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neuronal disorder and a challenge to medical practitioners, as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a major obstacle for drug delivery to the brain. Development of a nanomaterial-based drug delivery system (DDS) paved a way to penetrate the BBB. Starch, a ubiquitous natural biopolymer, has received much attention as a DDS due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and eco-friendly nature. The present study focuses on encapsulating methyl gallate (MG) within starch nanoparticles (starch-encapsulated MG (SEMG)) and assesses its neuroprotective potential against β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced toxicity, the key factor for AD pathogenesis in Neuro2A cells. SEMG showed potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant activity and anti-amyloidogenic activity by attenuating the fibrillation of Aβ and destabilizing the preformed mature fibrils. Furthermore, SEMG also attenuated the cytotoxic effect induced by Aβ in Neuro2A cells (50% inhibitory concentration 18.25 ± 0.025 μg/mL) by mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated macromolecular damage, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuating apoptosis. Characterization of SEMG revealed amorphous rock-shaped structure with average particle size of 264.6 nm, exhibiting 83% loading efficiency and sustained release of drug, with 73% release within 24 h at physiological pH. Overall, the outcome of the present study signifies starch as a promising nanocarrier for the delivery of drugs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India;
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The Christian Orthodox Church Fasting Diet Is Associated with Lower Levels of Depression and Anxiety and a Better Cognitive Performance in Middle Life. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020627. [PMID: 33671993 PMCID: PMC7919284 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle choices significantly influence mental health in later life. In this study we investigated the effects of the Christian Orthodox Church (COC) fasting diet, which includes long-term regular abstinence from animal-based products for half the calendar year, on cognitive function and emotional wellbeing of healthy adults. Two groups of fasting and non-fasting individuals were evaluated regarding their cognitive performance and the presence of anxiety and depression using the Mini Mental Examination Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Data on physical activity, smoking, and vitamin levels were collected and correlated with mental health scoring. Negative binomial regression was performed to examine differences in the GDS scores between the two groups. Significantly lower levels of anxiety (7.48 ± 4.98 vs. 9.71 ± 5.25; p < 0.001) and depression (2.24 ± 1.77 vs. 3.5 ± 2.52; p < 0.001), along with better cognitive function (29.15 ± 0.79 vs. 28.64 ± 1.27; p < 0.001), were noticed in fasting compared to non-fasting individuals. GDS score was 31% lower (Incidence Rate Ratio: 0.69, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.56–0.85) in the fasting group compared to the control, while vitamin and ferrum levels did not differ. The COC fasting diet was found to have an independent positive impact on cognition and mood in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
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35
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Meeuwsen KD, Groeneveld KM, Walker LA, Mennenga AM, Tittle RK, White EK. Z-score neurofeedback, heart rate variability biofeedback, and brain coaching for older adults with memory concerns. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:9-37. [PMID: 33386829 PMCID: PMC7990441 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-month, multi-domain Memory Boot Camp program incorporates z-score neurofeedback (NFB), heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback, and one-on-one coaching to teach memory skills and encourage behavior change in diet, sleep, physical fitness, and stress reduction. OBJECTIVE This prospective trial evaluates the Memory Boot Camp program for adults ages 55 to 85 with symptoms of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and subjective memory complaints. METHODS Participants were evaluated via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), NeuroTrax Global Cognitive Score, measures of anxiety, depression, sleep, quality of life, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), and HRV parameters at four timepoints: baseline, pre-program, post-program, and follow-up. The trial included a three-month waiting period between baseline and pre-program, such that each participant acted as their own control, and follow-up took place six months after completion of the program. RESULTS Participants' MoCA scores and self-reported measures of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and quality of life improved after treatment, and these changes were maintained at follow-up. Physiological changes in HRV parameters after treatment were not significant, however, breathing rate and QEEG parameters were improved at post-program and maintained at follow-up. Finally, participants' improvement in MoCA score over the treatment period was correlated with their improvement in two brain oscillation parameters targeted by the z-score NFB protocol: relative power of delta and relative power of theta. CONCLUSIONS Trial results suggest that the Memory Boot Camp program is a promising treatment strategy for older adults with symptoms of MCI and subjective memory complaints.
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Moradi S, Moloudi J, Moradinazar M, Sarokhani D, Nachvak SM, Samadi M. Adherence to Healthy Diet Can Delay Alzheimer's Diseases Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:325-337. [PMID: 33505926 PMCID: PMC7813603 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet has long been indicated to be protective against Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies to explore the relationship between healthy and unhealthy diets and risk of ADs. We screened PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Embase, and screened manually to identify relevant articles published in English and non-English until Jun 2020. We classified the studied dietary patterns into two groups: healthy and unhealthy diets. The pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to analyze the data using a random-effects model. The data were extracted manually and the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis checklist was used to appraise the risk of bias and quality of data. Of the 1,813 articles identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the quantitative analysis. A healthy diet was related to a lower risk of AD [odds ratio (OR): 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.86, I2=99.7%; n=17 studies]. Moreover, high adherence to an unhealthy diet was not associated with increased risk of AD (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98 to 0.99, I2=0.0%; n=6 studies). However, the etiology of AD is uncertain and it is difficult draw conclusions about dietary healthy patterns. We concluded that adherence to a healthy diet is associated with a lower risk of AD, but were unable to find evidence that an unhealthy diet increases the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah 67198-51351, Iran
| | - Jalall Moloudi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah 67198-51351, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67198-51351, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67198-51351, Iran
| | - Diana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam 69311-57793, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah 67198-51351, Iran
| | - Mehnoosh Samadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah 67198-51351, Iran
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Tavanti F, Pedone A, Menziani MC. Disclosing the Interaction of Gold Nanoparticles with Aβ(1-40) Monomers through Replica Exchange Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010026. [PMID: 33375086 PMCID: PMC7792802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β aggregation is one of the principal causes of amyloidogenic diseases that lead to the loss of neuronal cells and to cognitive impairments. The use of gold nanoparticles treating amyloidogenic diseases is a promising approach, because the chemistry of the gold surface can be tuned in order to have a specific binding, obtaining effective tools to control the aggregation. In this paper, we show, by means of Replica Exchange Solute Tempering Molecular Simulations, how electrostatic interactions drive the absorption of Amyloid-β monomers onto citrates-capped gold nanoparticles. Importantly, upon binding, amyloid monomers show a reduced propensity in forming β-sheets secondary structures that are characteristics of mature amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tavanti
- CNR-NANO Research Center, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Menziani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.M.)
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Chen F, Yoshida H. Lifestyle habits and the risk factors of dementia: Evidence from Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 21:203-208. [PMID: 33325103 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we seek to empirically understand the relationship between lifestyle habits and dementia risk. METHODS Through an original online survey, we first confirm the significant difference in the dementia risk indicators between good and bad lifestyle habits. Then, using regression analysis to hold other factors equal, we examine the relationships between lifestyle habits and an aggregate dementia risk indicator. RESULTS Through the t-test results, we find that the average scores of dementia risk for respondents avoiding good habits and preferring bad habits are significantly higher than those of the respondents favoring good habits and avoiding bad habits. Our empirical findings showed that Japanese-style dietary habits significantly correlate with a decreased dementia risk. An additional 1-point increase in eating habits will reduce dementia risk scores by 0.148 points, on average. Furthermore, we also confirm that walking (more than three times per week) and watching TV (almost every day) help prevent dementia. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that maintaining a good lifestyle helps prevent dementia. In particular, good eating habits, both in terms of types of food and eating routines, are essential to avoid the development of dementia. Most of these lifestyle habits belong to the targets of the "Health Japan 21" project. Therefore, our findings might provide some convincing evidence for promoting the project, which will not only extend healthy life expectancy, but also reduce the increasing number of older adults with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 203-208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Chen
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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George EK, Reddy PH. Can Healthy Diets, Regular Exercise, and Better Lifestyle Delay the Progression of Dementia in Elderly Individuals? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:S37-S58. [PMID: 31227652 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive impairments. Current healthcare costs for over 50 million people afflicted with AD are about $818 million and are projected to be $2 billion by 2050. Unfortunately, there are no drugs currently available that can delay and/or prevent the progression of disease in elderly individuals and in AD patients. Loss of synapses and synaptic damage are largely correlated with cognitive decline in AD patients. Women are at a higher lifetime risk of developing AD encompassing two-thirds of the total AD afflicted population. Only about 1-2% of total AD patients can be explained by genetic mutations in APP, PS1, and PS2 genes. Several risk factors have been identified, such as Apolipoprotein E4 genotype, type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, depression, and hormonal imbalance, are reported to be associated with late-onset AD. Strong evidence reveals that antioxidant enriched diets and regular exercise reduces toxic radicals, enhances mitochondrial function and synaptic activity, and improves cognitive function in elderly populations. Current available data on the use of antioxidants in mouse models of AD and antioxidant(s) supplements in diets of elderly individuals were investigated. The use of antioxidants in randomized clinical trials in AD patients was also critically assessed. Based on our survey of current literature and findings, we cautiously conclude that healthy diets, regular exercise, and improved lifestyle can delay dementia progression and reduce the risk of AD in elderly individuals and reverse subjects with mild cognitive impairment to a non-demented state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Garrison Institute on Aging, South West Campus, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA
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40
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The Hydroxytyrosol Induces the Death for Apoptosis of Human Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218074. [PMID: 33137997 PMCID: PMC7662312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and one of the most treatment-refractory malignancies. In metastatic melanoma cell lines, we analysed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic potentials of a phenolic component of olive oil, the hydroxytyrosol. In particular, through MTS assay, DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL assay, Annexin V binding and PI uptake, western blot experiment, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, and the cell colony assay, we showed that the hydroxytyrosol treatment remarkably reduces the cell viability inducing the death for apoptosis of melanoma cells. Moreover, we showed that the hydroxytyrosol treatment of melanoma cells leads to a significant increase of p53 and γH2AX expression, a significant decrease of AKT expression and the inhibition of cell colony formation ability. Finally, we propose that the increased amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may be related to the regulation of the pathways involved in the activation of apoptosis and in the inhibition of melanoma growth could be the strategy used by hydroxytyrosol to exert its functions in melanoma. Therefore, for its role in melanoma growth inhibition, the hydroxytyrosol treatment could deeply interfere with melanoma progression as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of this highly invasive tumour.
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Abbaszadeh A, Saharkhiz M, Khorasanchi Z, Karbasi S, Askari M, Hoseini ZS, Ayadilord M, Mahmoudzadeh S, Rezapour H, Enayati H, Ferns GA, Bahrami A. Impact of a Nordic diet on psychological function in young students. Nutr Health 2020; 27:97-104. [PMID: 33076738 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020964981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of psychiatric and psychological disease, and this has attracted interest in identifying modifiable lifestyle factors that may affect an individual's mood. Diet is one potential lifestyle factor that may affect psychological function. AIM This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adherence to the health-promoting Nordic diet (ND) with neuropsychological function in young women. METHODS The study comprised 181 female students aged between 18 and 25 years. Psychological function was evaluated using a series of standardized questionnaires, including the Cognitive Ability Questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Epworth Sleep Scale and Quality of Life Questionnaire. A validated food frequency questionnaire, which included 65 types of foods, was used to evaluate the amount of different foods consumed. RESULTS Evaluation of the dietary composition of the participants showed that the rate of adherence to the ND was positively associated with total energy, carbohydrates, protein, fibre, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, folate, phosphorus, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamins B6 and B12, carotene, whole grain, legumes, cabbage/vegetables, vegetables and fruit (p<0.05). Linear regression showed cabbage/vegetable consumption was inversely related to scores of stress (β=-0.04; p=0.038) and anxiety (β=-0.02; p=0.049) and directly associated with the quality-of-life score (0.02; p=0.036). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a ND with a high intake of cabbage/vegetables was inversely associated with stress and anxiety scores and directly associated with health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Abbaszadeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Centre, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samira Karbasi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Askari
- Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Malaksima Ayadilord
- Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sara Mahmoudzadeh
- Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hadis Rezapour
- Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hadis Enayati
- Student Research Committee, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- 12190Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, UK
| | - Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Franchi A, Pedrazzi M, Casazza AA, Millo E, Damonte G, Salis A, Liessi N, Onofri F, Marte A, Casagrande S, De Tullio R, Perego P, Averna M. A Bioactive Olive Pomace Extract Prevents the Death of Murine Cortical Neurons Triggered by NMDAR Over-Activation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194385. [PMID: 32987671 PMCID: PMC7839963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that bioactive molecules, extracted by high pressure and temperature from olive pomace, counteract calcium-induced cell damage to different cell lines. Here, our aim was to study the effect of the same extract on murine cortical neurons, since the preservation of the intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis is essential for neuronal function and survival. Accordingly, we treated neurons with different stimuli in order to evoke cytotoxic glutamatergic activation. In these conditions, the high-pressure and temperature extract from olive pomace (HPTOPE) only abolished the effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). Particularly, we observed that HPTOPE was able to promote the neuron rescue from NMDA-induced cell death. Moreover, we demonstrated that HPTOPE is endowed with the ability to maintain the intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis following NMDA receptor overactivation, protecting neurons from Ca2+-induced adverse effects, including aberrant calpain proteolytic activity. Moreover, we highlight the importance of the extraction conditions used that, without producing toxic molecules, allow us to obtain protecting molecules belonging to proanthocyanidin derivatives like procyanidin B2. In conclusion, we can hypothesize that HPTOPE, due to its functional and nontoxic properties on neuronal primary culture, can be utilized for future therapeutic interventions for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Franchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Alessandro Alberto Casazza
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Pole of Chemical Engineering, via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Nara Liessi
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Franco Onofri
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Marte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Casagrande
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Roberta De Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Pole of Chemical Engineering, via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy; (A.A.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV-1, 16132 Genova, Italy; (A.F.); (M.P.); (E.M.); (G.D.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (S.C.); (R.D.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Tavanti F, Pedone A, Menziani MC. Insights into the Effect of Curcumin and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on the Aggregation of Aβ(1-40) Monomers by Means of Molecular Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155462. [PMID: 32751722 PMCID: PMC7432714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the effects of two well-known natural compounds on the early step of the fibrillation process of amyloid-β (1–40), responsible for the formation of plaques in the brains of patients affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The use of extensive replica exchange simulations up to the µs scale allowed us to characterize the inhibition activity of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and curcumin (CUR) on unfolded amyloid fibrils. A reduced number of β-strands, characteristic of amyloid fibrils, and an increased distance between the amino acids that are responsible for the intra- and interprotein aggregations are observed. The central core region of the amyloid-β (Aβ(1–40)) fibril is found to have a high affinity to EGCG and CUR due to the presence of hydrophobic residues. Lastly, the free binding energy computed using the Poisson Boltzmann Surface Ares suggests that EGCG is more likely to bind to unfolded Aβ(1–40) fibrils and that this molecule can be a good candidate to develop new and more effective congeners to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tavanti
- CNR–NANO Research Center S3, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alfonso Pedone
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Cristina Menziani
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.M.)
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Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. Dietary Inflammatory Potential and the Risk of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Adults. Epidemiol Rev 2020; 41:109-120. [PMID: 31565731 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition and diet have been suggested to enhance or inhibit cognitive performance and the risk of several neurodegenerative diseases. We conducted a systematic review to elucidate the relationship between the inflammatory capacity of a person's diet and the risk of incident neurodegenerative diseases. We searched major medical databases for articles published through June 30, 2018. Original, full-text, English-language articles on studies with human participants which investigated the link between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases were included. Duplicate and irrelevant studies were removed, and data were compiled through critical analysis. Initially, 457 articles were collected via the searching method, of which 196 studies remained after removal of duplicates. Fourteen articles were screened and found to be relevant to the scope of the review. After critical analysis, 10 were included in the final review. In all studies but one, a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) was related to higher risk of developing neurodegenerative disease symptoms, including memory and cognition decline and multiple sclerosis. Of 3 studies that assessed the association of DII with levels of circulating inflammation markers, 2 indicated that DII was positively correlated with inflammatory marker levels. Low literacy, an unhealthy lifestyle, and individual nutritional status were the factors involved in a diet with inflammatory potential. These findings enhance confidence that DII is an appropriate tool for measurement of dietary inflammatory potential and validate the role of diets with inflammatory potential in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. DII may be correlated with levels of circulating inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Weng MH, Chen SY, Li ZY, Yen GC. Camellia oil alleviates the progression of Alzheimer's disease in aluminum chloride-treated rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:411-421. [PMID: 32294510 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut microbiota (GM) imbalance. Recent studies have demonstrated that camellia oil has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and modulates the immune system and GM. However, the effect of camellia oil in alleviating AD pathogenesis remains unclear. An SD rat model of cognitive decline was established by the daily oral administration of aluminum chloride. The results revealed that the aluminum chloride-treated group exhibited deteriorated memory capacity and increased expression of AD-related proteins, whereas these features were mitigated in camellia oil-treated groups. Treatment with camellia oil increased antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased MDA levels. Additionally, camellia oil modulated the expression of cytokines by inhibiting RAGE/NF-κB signaling and microglial activation. Interestingly, autophagy-related proteins were increased in the camellia oil-treated groups. Moreover, camellia oil increased the abundance of probiotics in the GM. Camellia oil can reverse AD brain pathology by alleviating deficits in memory, increasing learning capacity, increasing antioxidant activity, modulating the expression of immune-related cytokines, enhancing autophagy and improving the composition of GM in aluminum chloride-treated rats, implying that AD pathogenesis may be mitigated by treatment with camellia oil through the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hong Weng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Ying Li
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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46
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Keenan TD, Agrón E, Mares JA, Clemons TE, van Asten F, Swaroop A, Chew EY. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and cognitive function in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 & 2. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:831-842. [PMID: 32285590 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to determine whether closer adherence to the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMED) was associated with altered cognitive function. METHODS Observational analyses of participants (n = 7,756) enrolled in two randomized trials of nutritional supplements for age-related macular degeneration: Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2. RESULTS Odds ratios for cognitive impairment, in aMED tertile 3 (vs 1), were 0.36 (P = .0001) for Modified Mini-Mental State (<80) and 0.56 (P = .001) for composite score in AREDS, and 0.56 for Telephone Interview Cognitive Status-Modified (<30) and 0.48 for composite score (each P < .0001) in AREDS2. Fish intake was associated with higher cognitive function. In AREDS2, rate of cognitive decline over 5 to 10 years was not significantly different by aMED but was significantly slower (P = .019) with higher fish intake. DISCUSSION Closer Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment but not slower decline in cognitive function. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype did not influence these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarnán D Keenan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elvira Agrón
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie A Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Freekje van Asten
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Vinciguerra F, Graziano M, Hagnäs M, Frittitta L, Tumminia A. Influence of the Mediterranean and Ketogenic Diets on Cognitive Status and Decline: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1019. [PMID: 32276339 PMCID: PMC7231139 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia, accounting for up to 70% of dementia cases. AD is a slowly progressive disease, which causes global mental deterioration by affecting various cognitive areas. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lifestyle habits and nutritional patterns could delay the natural course of the neurodegeneration process. There is no single dietary pattern unequivocally proven to prevent AD. Nevertheless, epidemiological data suggest that by adopting several dietary habits, especially if accompanied with a healthy lifestyle, the negative consequences of AD could potentially be delayed. Alongside with others, two specific eating patterns have been well investigated concerning their potential beneficial effect on cognitive status: the Mediterranean diet (MedDi) and the Ketogenic Diet (KD). Despite the different underlying mechanisms, both of them have demonstrated a fairly profitable role in reducing or delaying cognitive impairment. The aim of the present narrative review is to overview the existing research on the efficacy of MedDi and KD against AD-related cognitive decline, focusing on the proposed protective mechanisms of action. Although the current knowledge on this complex topic does not allow us, at this point, to make exhaustive conclusions, this information could be of help in order to better characterize the possible role of MedDi and KD as nonpharmacological therapies in the treatment of AD and, more generically, of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vinciguerra
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Marco Graziano
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Maria Hagnäs
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5/PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Rovaniemi Health Center, Koskikatu 25, 96200 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
- Diabetes, Obesity and Dietetic Center, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Tumminia
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Medical Center, Via Palermo 636, 95122 Catania, Italy; (F.V.); (M.G.); (M.H.); (L.F.)
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Grodzicki W, Dziendzikowska K. The Role of Selected Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030229. [PMID: 32168776 PMCID: PMC7139322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a feature of many debilitating, incurable age-dependent diseases that affect the nervous system and represent a major threat to the health of elderly persons. Because of the ongoing process of aging experienced by modern societies, the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a global public health concern. A major cause of age-related dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there are no effective therapies to slow, stop, or reverse the progression of this disease. However, many studies have suggested that modification of lifestyle factors, such as the introduction of an appropriate diet, can delay or prevent the onset of this disorder. Diet is currently considered to be a crucial factor in controlling health and protecting oneself against oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, and thus against chronic degenerative diseases. A large number of bioactive food compounds may influence the pathological mechanisms underlying AD. Among them, phenolic compounds, omega-3 fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids seem to be promising. They act not only as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, but also as active modulators of the pathological molecular mechanisms that play a role in AD development, including the formation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles, the main hallmarks of AD pathology. In vivo animal model studies as well as clinical and epidemiological research suggest that nutritional intervention has a positive effect on the health of older people and may prevent age-related cognitive decline, especially when the diet contains more than one bioactive nutrient. The Mediterranean diet and in particular its combination with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, which is called the MIND diet, are nutritional patterns based on many products rich in bioactive compounds that appear to be the most effective in preventing neurodegeneration. The present review gathers evidence that supports the neuroprotective effect of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grodzicki
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Dziendzikowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-2259-37-033
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Xie Y, Hu F, Xiang D, Lu H, Li W, Zhao A, Huang L, Wang R. The metabolic effect of gut microbiota on drugs. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:139-156. [PMID: 32116054 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1718691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dawei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Anpeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longji Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Medicial, The 940 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support, PLA, Lanzhou, China
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Purified oleocanthal and ligstroside protect against mitochondrial dysfunction in models of early Alzheimer's disease and brain ageing. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113248. [PMID: 32084452 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As components of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) olive polyphenols may play a crucial role for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in both, brain ageing and early AD, effects of 10 different purified phenolic secoiridoids (hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleacein, oleuroside, oleuroside aglycon, oleuropein, oleocanthal, ligstroside, ligstroside aglycone and ligustaloside B) and two metabolites (the plant metabolite elenolic acid and the mammalian metabolite homovanillic acid) were tested in very low doses on mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells - a cellular model of early AD. All tested secoiridoids significantly increased basal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in SY5Y-APP695 cells. Oleacein, oleuroside, oleocanthal and ligstroside showed the highest effect on ATP levels and were additionally tested on mitochondrial respiration. Only oleocanthal and ligstroside were able to enhance the capacity of respiratory chain complexes. To investigate their underlying molecular mechanisms, the expression of genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration and antioxidative capacity (PGC-1α, SIRT1, CREB1, NRF1, TFAM, complex I, IV and V, GPx1, SOD2, CAT) were determined using qRT-PCR. Exclusively ligstroside increased mRNA expression of SIRT1, CREB1, complex I, and GPx1. Furthermore, oleocanthal but not ligstroside decreased Aβ 1-40 levels in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells. To investigate the in vivo effects of purified secoiridoids, the two most promising compounds (oleocanthal and ligstroside) were tested in a mouse model of ageing. Female NMRI mice, aged 12 months, received a diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg oleocanthal or ligstroside for 6 months (equivalent to 6.25 mg/kg b.w.). Young (3 months) and aged (18 months) mice served as controls. Ligstroside fed mice showed improved spatial working memory. Furthermore, ligstroside restored brain ATP levels in aged mice and led to a significant life extension compared to aged control animals. Our findings indicate that purified ligstroside has outstanding performance on mitochondrial bioenergetics in models of early AD and brain ageing by mechanisms that may not interfere with Aβ production. Additionally, ligstroside expanded the lifespan in aged mice and enhanced cognitive function.
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